UPDATE: This post was originally published in April of 2017, just one week before the social-influencer fueled Fyre Festival bomb that is now the subject of a Netflix and Hulu documentary, both of which I watched eagerly, almost greedily, as I'm sure many of us did. There's something about the entire concept that's both frustrating and satisfying. Frustrating that entrepreneurs are elevated to such a high status, and satisfying to watch the scam crash and burn.
Mr. StockPhoto Influencer. Don't you want to buy whatever he's selling?
But what's also fascinating about this is the role of influencers in creating alternate realities. Yes, models and famous people have always been used to sell stuff, but laws and regulations determine what advertisements can say and promise. Until recently, influencers have pretty much done things their own way. The Fyre Festival debacle has brought to the forefront truth in advertising laws, and what responsibility influencers have to ensure their paid posts comply with FCC ad regulations.
As you'll see below, this original post focused more on Twitter influencers, mostly because we had just had a recent experience with these folks. Instagram influencers are similar, but they seem to put a bit more effort into their promotions. Last April I backpacked to one of the most beautiful places I've ever seen, and waiting at the campsite were Instagram influencers, incessantly posing with the landscapes. Gross gross gross. At least Twitter influencers used to stick with words and blogs, typing from the comfort of their homes. Now the Influencers are everywhere, monetizing nature, monetizing friendship, monetizing their families. Am I moralizing now? I think I am. Sorry about that.
But anyway, the lifespan of an Instagram post or story is longer than the lifespan of a tweet, so when considering how effective an Instagram influencer is, be aware that their posts and stories may reach more people than a tweet.
Sure, if you have millions of dollars worth of other people's money to spend, yes. If you can pay an Influencer with eight-million fans hundreds of thousands of dollars to promote your product, go for it. But for those of us with smaller budgets (almost all businesses and nonprofits in the world), there are more effective ways to spend your marketing money.
Your company sells organic baby clothes, so you need some parent influencers to get the word out. You hire a company that will charge you $2,500 to get influential bloggers to tweet about you three times each over the course of three days. After much outreach, the company secures four influential bloggers in the healthy / organic family space to tweet about you.
The bloggers are Kelly, Rita, Tania, and Jane.
For the sake of brevity, we're going to look at the success of Kelly's tweets only.
Over the course of three days, the same six people retweet all of Kelly's tweets about you.
Person six has 65 followers.
How many times did Kelly's tweets show up on people's Twitter timelines?
Wow! Kelly's tweets had 160,263 timeline impressions. That's amazing. Her tweets reached more than 53,000 individuals! If you paid the company $2,500 for these four influencers, then let's say Kelly's cost was 1/4 of that, $625. Based on Kelly alone, your social media campaign was a rousing success. You paid less than one cent (~$.004) per impression. A steal!
I wish it were this easy. I wish it were simple multiplication. I wish we could pay an influencer $625 and have our tweets seen 160,263 times, after said well-respected social media hero tweets about it. Long live the influencer! The cheapest and most effective advertiser there is. Finally, marketing made easy.
I'm so sorry, but no. It's wrong. It's totally and completely wrong.
Recently I've come across metrics like this. Either marketers aren't clear on how to properly measure social media reach and impact, or they don't want to tell their clients the truth.
While the true life of a tweet depends on the number of people each follower follows, how often his/her followers are online, and the time of day the tweet is published, we estimate that the lifespan of a tweet is somewhere between 10 and 30 minutes. This means that there is a very small window during which your tweet is visible.
If you're smart about hashtags, if someone slow to the game retweets you later, or if any other number of fortuitous things happen, your tweet's life may be longer than 30 minutes. We've seen people find old tweets somewhere in the depths of Twitter and breathe a little life into them when they're relevant again. However, this is the exception and not the rule.
Moz has a tool, Followerwonk, that will show you the recency of a Twitterer's followers' tweets. If you look at the chart below, you can see that more than 50% of this person's robust follower base has either never tweeted, or hasn't tweeted in the past seven days or more. While some of these people might be lurkers (meaning they look at Twitter without posting), many of them are probably not on Twitter at all. In fact, only 3,267 were likely to have been online during the 24 hours the tweet happened, and of those, only 1,392 were online in the hour of the tweet. Now remember, the life of a tweet is about 10 to 30 minutes. So how many of these people would've actually seen the tweet at all? Certainly not the more than 14,000 followers this account technically has.
Here's the thing: that's not necessarily bad. If someone follows both of these influential moms, and they both tweet about your product, then that person might trust you even more than if they heard about you from one of those people only. However, most social marketing companies aren't going to take into account the overlap and will count the same person as two different people. In this respect, your marketing company is potentially both overselling themselves and selling themselves short at the same time.
If you happen to follow all four mommy bloggers above, you're still just one person; you're not four people. So when a marketing company reports you as four different people to inflate the number of "unique impressions," they're not telling the truth. However, if four of your favorite mommy bloggers are all tweeting about this awesome product, you might be more likely to buy it than four individuals!
Your marketing agency owes it to you to let you know who is converting based on this data. If 9% of the mommy bloggers' followers overlap, we need to know what percentage of that overlap converts, and how it compares to the non overlapping followers. If that 9% converts at a higher rate than the other chunk, then you need to seek out more relationships that take into account this overlap. You can create Twitter ads that target the overlap, you can invest in another influencer campaign that focuses on that overlap.
However, if that 9% converts at the same or a lower rate, then you may want to expand so that it's not about the overlap, but about truly unique impressions.
Okay, so it's hard to know the real cost per conversion. There are a lot of factors that go into a conversion, and even though the web is full of robust and beautiful data points, human beings still have–and deserve–some privacy. A mommy blogger might tweet about your product one day. Three months later one of her followers might see your product on the shelf of her local bookstore and it rings a bell, even though she never clicked on or interacted with that tweet. Then she might go home, Google you, then click on your Adwords ad and buy your product.
While you won't know every single point of interaction this person had with your brand, it is important to note that each of your marketing actions has the potential to shape this final conversion. For fun, you could try to track down a few of your buyers online, just to see if they might have been influenced by one of your influencers, but you'd have to do some minor internet stalking for this to work right, and, again, people deserve some privacy.
*(In some cases you'll be able to track conversions made as a direct result of the influencer's tweet, especially if you're using the proper UTM codes on all those links pointing to your website).
This doesn't sound all that bad, right? Even if I'm not getting hundreds of thousands of impressions, I know that my product and brand are reaching some people. Everyone trusts an influencer! Right? Right?
When I first started doing SEO, the influencer concept was nascent. Google's algorithm was just beginning to catch on to fake link building, and ethical SEOs began promoting tons of fun ideas like sponsorships, guest blogs, new types of content creation, and getting involved with influencers.
And, as from all good things, out sprang a cottage industry of influencers, aka brand ambassadors. While the title of influencer was initially bestowed on bloggers and social media profiles who were doing something interesting, people now set out to be influencers rather than become them. In the past they might tweet about your product because your product was awesome, and they actually liked it. But now, they tweet about your product because you pay them to. And their tweets must show they're being paid to do so. And their followers know it.
Some agencies that focus on influencer marketing have teamed up with these professional influencers and have basically created a network of advertisers. In fact, you'll see an #ad tag on a tweet, and the people retweeting that tweet are often other mommy blogger influencers, so it's basically this weird internal echo chamber where a group of people is getting paid to retweet your ad to each other.
In other words, while influencer marketing was initially seen as a way to get in front of a community of people via an authentic, almost folksy authority on a subject (parenting, cooking), now it's just another ad that competes in an already tight space.
With that said, there are always exceptions.
An influencer marketing agency is making a pitch, and it sounds pretty good. But before you sign on, ask to see some examples of their past work. Who are the people in their influencer network? Look through their tweets and see who's interacting with the #ads. Who's retweeting? Who's responding? Is is the same overlapping circles? What other kind of material do these people post?
If the agency doesn't want to provide you with this, then they may have something to hide. If that's the case, then consider spending that money somewhere else. Facebook or Twitter ads, maybe? Google Adwords? Or find an influencer marketing agency that is more transparent and willing to give you the actual numbers, not just what sounds good.
More than once I have seen influencer marketing agencies give completely incorrect numbers, saying your tweet had 14,000 impressions when it actually only had 300. They either don't know they're doing the math wrong, or they do know and are doing it on purpose. Either way, you can avoid this by asking for past details and analyzing the data yourself.