100 ACC Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the world's largest current, an unbroken zone around the globe between 45-55 deg south. Driven by world's westerly winds. The ocean south of the convergence differs greatly from northern waters in temperature, density and salinity.
101 Aerial A structure or device used to transmit or receive radio waves. This includes 'standard', microwave, satellite, or radar antennas and their support structure.
103 Aerial photography flight line Aerial photography flight lines. The lines represent the path the aircraft flew while collecting photography.
350 Aiguilles A French term which has been widely adopted to describe narrow, needleshaped rocks.
155 Aircraft Corridor A corridor defining flight restrictions of aircrafts. A corridor includes the avenue of arrival or departure for aircrafts, which will be close to, and may include, a landing ground or a helipad.
105 Aircraft Wreckage The remnants or remains of an aircraft such as an aeroplane or helicopter.
445 Alluvial Fan A fan or cone shaped deposit laid down by a stream where it emerges from a topographic constriction such as a gorge.
106 Anchor A thing affording stability. For use with guys.
107 Anchorage An area in which vessels anchor or may anchor.
108 Antarctic Circle The parallel at 66 degrees 32 minutes south. Due to the inclination of the earth's axis, the sun does not set on one day in the southern midsummer. Similarly, the sun does not rise on one day in the souther midwinter. Within the Antarctic Circle, the number of such days increases, the closer you are to the south pole.
109 Apparatus A scientific instrument.
351 Archipelago A closely grouped cluster of islands.
352 Arm A part, usually narrow and elongate, of a feature projecting from the main body, e.g. arm of the sea.
353 Bank Sea area of positive bottom relief where the water is relatively shallow, but normally sufficient for safe navigation.
354 Basin A hollow or trough in the surface of the land, synonymous with cirque, or an almost landlocked body of water off an inlet or sound; the term may be applied also to submarine features.
115 Bathymetric area An area of the sub-marine terrain surface, whose depth is in the range of contours that form the bathymetric polygon.
116 Bathymetric break line A face of a deep breach at the sea or ocean floor.
114 Bathymetric break point A sounding point where the sub-marine terrain surface is discontinued eg. at the edge of a cliff, or at a similar critical point.
117 Bathymetric contour A line that connects points of equal depth on the sub-marine terrain surface.
118 Battery A device for storing electrical energy.
355 Bay Properly a smooth, comparatively gradual indentation of the coastline, the seaward opening of which is usually wider than the penetration into the land, but often applied more to loosely, cf. bight, firth, fjord, gulf, inlet.
119 Beach The unconsolidated material that covers a gently sloping zone, typically with a concave profile, extending landward from the low-water line to the place where there is a definite change in material or physiographic from (such as a cliff), or to the line of permanent vegetation (usually the effective limit of the highest storm waves); a shore of body of water, formed and washed by waves or tides, usually covered by sand or gravel, and lacking a bare rocky surface.
121 Bedrock break line A high, very steep to perpendicular or overhanging face of bedrock.
122 Bedrock break point A spot height at a location where the bedrock surface is discontinued eg. at the edge of a cliff, or at a similar critical point.
124 Bedrock hypsometric area An area of the bedrock surface, with elevation range the same as the contours that form the hypsometric polygon.
356 Bench Similar to a terrace but usually applied to a high-level rock feature.
126 Bench mark A location where the elevation above the height datum has been measured.
357 Bight Crescent-shaped indentation in the coastline, similar to a bay but either larger or with a gentler curvature.
127 Blowhole Opening through a snow bridge into a crevasse or system of crevasses which are otherwise sealed by snow bridges. A snowdrift usually forms on the lee side.
128 Blue ice Bands of transparent ice containing no air bubbles, its mass acquiring a blueish tint.
129 Blue ice boundary The boundary of the blue ice.
358 Bluff A headland or short stretch of cliff with a broad nearly vertical face, or a similar feature at the margin of a glacier or an ice piedmont.
131 Bollard A short post on a quay or ship for securing a rope.
133 Break point A spot height at a location where the land surface is discontinued eg. at the edge of a cliff, or at a similar critical point.
135 Building A permanent walled and roofed construction or the ruin of such a construction.
439 Building corners More detailed information about a building. Specifically elevation, height and the rl_of_floor_level at each corner of the building.
136 Bund An impervious embankment of earth, or a wall of brick, stone, concrete or other suitable material, which may form part or all of the perimeter of a compound that provides a barrier to retain liquid. The bund is designed to contain spillages and leaks from liquids used, stored or processed above-ground, and to facilitate clean-up operations.
359 Butte A flat-topped isolated hill similar to, but smaller than, a mesa.
360 Buttress Similar to bastion but usually forming part of a larger feature. Bastion: Upstanding rock feature, commonly with cliffs on at least one side, and usually an outlier of a larger feature.
137 Cabinet An enclosure usually used for housing equipment.
138 Cable An assembly of wires within or without a composite sheath.
139 Cable support A supporting structure eg. for supporting cables and pipes.
140 Camp A temporary residence, when away from the station.
361 Canyon A deep, relatively narrow gorge of considerable size, bounded by high steep slopes; the term may be applied also to submarine features.
141 Cap A dome-shaped glacier usually covering a highland near the water-divide.
362 Cape Piece of land facing seaward and projecting beyond the line of the adjacent coast into the sea or into an ice shelf, cf. point, promotory.
363 Castle Descriptive term, a natural feature resembling a castle in shape.
142 Cave An underground hollow with access from the ground surface or from the sea, often found in limestone areas and on rocky coastlines.
143 Cemetery An area of land for burying the dead.
364 Channel A comparatively deep and narrow, navigable waterway between an island and the mainland, or between islands, or navigable route through shoals, cf. strait, although the distinction between the two terms has not always been the mainland application.
365 Cirque A deep rounded hollow on a mountain side formed by glacial action and usually occupied by a remnant glacier or neve.
145 Claim An area claimed by a country as an external territory of that country.
146 Cliff A high, very steep to perpendicular or overhanging face of rock or ice.
147 Cliff boundary The boundary of the cliff.
366 Coast Boundary between land and sea, applied in place-names to lengths of coastline determined partly by the history of their discovery and partly by convenient demarcation points, cf. land.
148 Coastline A line or zone where the land meets the sea or some other large expanse of water. This includes the boundaries of continent and island feature types.
367 Cone Cone-shaped hill or nunatak.
149 Contaminated area Any site or region that is damaged, harmed or made unfit for use by the introduction of unwanted substances, particularly microorganisms, chemicals, toxic and radioactive materials and wastes.
150 Continent One of the larger, unbroken masses of land into which the earth's surface is divided Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America, Australia, and Antarctica.
152 Contour line Imaginary lines, or lines on a map or chart, that connect points of equal value, e.g. elevation of the land surface.
153 Control point A location where the geographic coordinates have been measured.
154 Convention An area subject to an international convention; will generally be the CCAMLR (Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources).
368 Corner Turning point of a rock ridge or a point on a bay.
156 Cosmic Anomaly A place of scientific irregularity or interest.
369 Cove Small coastal indentation, commonly circular or semi-circular in shape and with a restricted entrance, or a small bay.
157 Coverage A region receiving communication.
370 Crag Steep, rugged rock, hill, nunatuk, or mountain.
371 Crater A bowl-shaped hollow at the summit or on the side of a volcano; it usually has steep sides and is of considerable size.
158 Crevasse A fissure formed in a glacier. Crevasses are often hidden by snow bridges.
159 Crevasse field An area of crevasses.
160 Crevasse field boundary The boundary line of a crevasse field.
372 Crossing In the context of names, it is a low pass across a peninsula.
161 Culvert A tunnel-drain for water crossing underneath a road, canal or similar feature.
162 Cutting An opening excavation of the Earth's surface to provide passage for a road, railway, canal, or similar entity.
441 Dam A barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level, forming a reservoir or preventing flooding.
373 Deep The deepest part of the sea, usually where a depression in the sea floor has steep sides.
163 DEM Boundary The extent of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM).
165 Divide A boundary between adjacent drainage basins.
166 Doline Large oval-shaped depressions in ice shelves and glaciers. Adopted from Karst.
167 Dome A rounded and gently sloping elevation in the surface of an inland ice sheet. Ice domes do not have precisely defined margins and may cover very large areas - more than 100,000km sq, for example.
113 Drainage Basin A region or area bounded by a drainage divide and occupied by a drainage system.
168 Drift tail A long bank of snow formed by the wind in the lee of the disturbance.
169 Dyke A tabular body of intrustive igneous rock that cuts across the layering or structural fabric of the host rock. Dykes may be fine, medium or or course-grained, depending on their composition and the combination of their size and the length of their cooling period. They vary in size from a few centimetres to kilometres.
170 Embankment A linear structure, usually of earth or gravel, shaped as to extend above the natural ground surface.
171 Embankment boundary The boundary of the embankment.
172 Enclosure An area barriered off from its surrounds.
173 Erratic Glacially transported stones and boulders. Erratics may be embedded in till or occur on the ground surface. They range in size from pebbles to huge boulders weighing thousands of tons. Their transport range from less than 1 km to more than 800 km. Erratics composed of distinctive rock types can be traced to their point of origin and serve as indicators of glacial flow direction.
374 Escarpment Elongated and steep, or cliffed, inland rock feature marking a break in geological structure, cf. scarp.
174 Fall A stream falling over a vertical or steep face of a rock, cliff or mountain.
176 Fault A fracture in earth materials, along which the opposite sides have been relatively displaced parallel to the plane of movement.
177 Feeder A type of cable connecting outlying cables to the main communications system.
178 Fence A mesh, railing, hedge, or the like for preventing free access to an area.
179 Fish Cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates.
180 Fitting A device, connected to a pipe or cable, whose function is usually related to the function of the network. This may be monitoring a gauge, or point of supply eg. a water tap. It includes such features as lighting poles.
375 Fjord Long narrow arm of the sea between high cliffs, but the term bay has also been applied to such a feature.
181 Flattened Pavement A bare rock surface produced by weathering, wind erosion or glacial scouring, that has a smoothness, hardness, horizontality, surface extent or close packing of units, that suggests pavement.
182 Flight Path The line, course, or track along which an aircraft is flying or intended to be flown.
183 Flow Line A surface feature parallel to the ice flow. Projection of the flow line on a glacier surface.
184 Flying Bird Feathered vertebrate with two wings and two feet.
185 Fold Axis A linear trace of a fold hinge.
186 Food Depot A place for storing food.
187 Footing A surface for standing on.
188 Fossil A specific location of a fossil site.
190 Frost crack A fissure in the ice formed by frost.
191 Fuel depot A storeplace for drums of fuel.
376 Gap Relatively low area that provides easy passage through the hills or mountains.
192 Gate An opening in a fence or other enclosure, for the purpose of giving pedestrian or vehicular entry and exit, and capable of being closed with a barrier.
193 Gear Depot A place for storing goods or vehicles.
194 Generator A device for generating electrical energy.
195 Geomagnetic Pole Either of two points of intersection of the surface of the Earth with the extended axis of a magnetic dipole which is assumed to be located at the centre of the Earth and approximates the source of the Earth's magnetic field. It should not be confused with the magnetic pole which relates to the actual magnetic field of the Earth. The south geomagnetic pole is at 78? 30' S and 111? E.
448 Glacial diamicton An unsorted sediment, with sand and/or coarser particles dispersed through a mud matrix.
196 Glacier A mass of snow and ice continuously moving from higher to lower ground or, if afloat, continuously spreading.
197 Glacier boundary The approximate boundary of a mass of flowing ice.
447 Glaciofluvial gorge A bedrock gorge cut by fluvial activity. Such gorges are often steep-sided.
443 Glaciofluvial sands Sediments with grain size dominantly in the 0.063-0.250mm range, that have been deposited by meltwaters in a glacial or proglacial environment.
581 Glaciofuvial deposits Glaciofluvial is a term referring to the processes and the landforms related to the action of glacial meltwater. The fluvial transport of material and the associated mechanisms of erosion and deposition are similar to thise of a river.
377 Gorge A valley which is usually deep and narrow, with steep walls; a ravine with rocky walls.
198 Grave A place where a corpse/s are buried. The description attribute describes the site, for example, a mound of rocks with a white cross and the name of the deceased.
199 Grounding line The boundary or zone where the continental ice is grounded and where it floats.
378 Gulf Sea area partially enclosed by land, and usually of larger extent and relatively greater penetration than a bay.
379 Gully Glacier-worn or water-worn ravine in a hill or a mountain side.
200 Guy A cable, rope or chain used to secure tall vertical structures such as masts or poles.
380 Harbour Protected stretch of water where vessels may safely anchor or secure to shore, in a cove or bay or between islands.
381 Head Comparatively high, steepfaced land jutting into the sea or into an ice shelf; similar to promotory but applied to a feature of lesser extent, cf. cape, point. An unnamed head is usually described as a headland.
382 Headland Comparatively high, steepfaced land jutting into the sea or into an ice shelf; similar to promotory but applied to a feature of lesser extent, cf. cape, point. An unnamed head is usually described as a headland.
383 Heights Relatively high hills or mountains.
202 High altitude photography The extent of high altitude photography or space photography. Scale range is approximately 1:300 000 to 1:1 500 000.
384 Hill Natural elevation usually below 300m, but the term may be applied to much higher (although relatively low) features in mountainous areas, cf. knoll, mountain.
204 Hillock boundary The boundary of the hillock.
205 Historic An area or item of historic interest. Areas or items included in the Historic Sites and Monuments list of the Antarctic Treaty are identified.
206 Hydrant An external point for accessing the contents of a pipe.
207 Hypsometric area An area of the terrain surface, with elevation range the same as the contours that form the hypsometric polygon.
208 Ice The solid state of water, monomineral rock.
209 Ice boundary The boundary of the ice.
211 Ice foot A narrow fringe of floating ice attached to the coast and remaining after annual landfast sea ice has broken free.
212 Ice fringe A very narrow ice piedmont, extending less than about 1 km inland from the sea.
189 Ice front The vertical cliff forming the seaward face of an ice shelf or other floating glacier, varying in height to 2 to 50 m above sea level.
213 Ice rise A mass of ice resting on rock and surrounded either by an ice shelf, or partly by an ice shelf and partly by sea. No rock is exposed and there may be none above sea level. Ice rises often have a dome-shaped surface. The largest known is about 100 km across.
214 Ice rise boundary The boundary of the ice rise.
282 Ice rumple A locally grounded area of ice shelf which is overridden by an ice sheet. ice rumples are distinguished by crevassing together with a rise in the surface. The criterion for distinguishing between ice rumples and an ice rise is the direction of ice movement as shown by the crevasse pattern. ice may be deflected or even halted by ice rumples, but in an ice rise, movement is independent of that of the ice shelf and, being inthe main radial, will in places oppose it. No known ice rumples rise more than 50 m above ice shelf surface level, whereas ice rises may be up to several hundred metres high.
283 Ice rumple boundary The boundary of the ice rumple.
297 Ice sheet A mass of ice and snow of considerable thickness and large area. Ice sheets may be resting on rock or floating. Ice sheets of less than about 50,000 square km resting on rock are called ice caps.
298 Ice shelf A floating ice sheet of considerable thickness attached to a coast. Ice shelves are usually of great horizontal extent and have a level or gently undulating surface. They are nourished by the accumulation of snow and often by seaward extension of land glaciers. Limited areas may be aground. The seaward edge is termed an ice front.
598 Ice shelf boundary The boundary of the ice shelf.
215 Ice stream Part of an ice sheet in which the ice flows more rapidly and not necessarily in the same direction as the surrounding ice. The margins are sometimes clearly marked by a change in direction of the surface slope, but may be indistinct.
216 Ice thickness A point locality at which the ice thickness to bedrock has been measured.
217 Iceberg A massive piece of ice of greatly varying shape, more than 5 m above sea-level, which has broken away from a glacier (or an ice shelf), and which may be afloat or aground. Icebergs may be described as tabular, dome-shaped, sloping, pinnacled, weathered or glacier bergs (an irregularly shaped iceberg). Icebergs are not sea ice. They originate from the ice mass of the Antarctic continent that has accumulated over many thousands of years. When they melt they add fresh water to the ocean.
218 Icefall The portion of a glacier at a point of steep descent, segmented by many transverse crevasses into separate blocks.
219 Inland Island A small landmass encircled by inland waters.
385 Inlet Small indentation in the coastline usually tapering toward its head, cf. creek, but also applied to an arm of a bay or to a coastal embayment on the landward side of an ice shelf.
220 Introduction of animal species Animals which have been translocated by human agency into lands or waters where they have not lived previously, at least during historic times. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species, depending on their interspecific relationships and characteristics, may act as or carry parasites or diseases, prey upon native organisms, display toxic reactions, or be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities.
221 Introduction of plant species Plants which have been translocated by human agency into lands or waters where they have not lived previously, at least during historic times. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species may be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. Some may become a nuisance through sheer overabundance. They may become liable to rapid genetic changes in their new environment. Many harmful introductions have been made by persons unqualified to anticipate the often complex ecological interaction which may ensue. On the other hand many plants introduced into modified or degraded environments may be more useful than native species in controlling erosion or in performing other positive functions.
222 Invertebrate Any animal lacking a backbone, including all species not classified as vertebrates.
223 Island A land mass, especially one smaller than a continent, entirely surrounded by water.
225 Joint A fracture or parting in a rock, without displacement.
226 Junction Joining; joint, meeting-place. Joining of two or more pipes, cables or channels.
444 Kame terraces An accumulation of glaciofluvial sediment deposited by a meltwater stream flowing along an ice edge.
386 Knob A prominent isolated mound.
387 Knoll Small rounded hill or relatively low mountain or nunatak.
388 Lagoon Enclosed area of salt or brackish water separated at times from the sea by a more or less effective obstacle such as a beach bar, or shelf, cf. lake.
389 Land Large continental area defined by natural boundaries, or partly by natural boundaries and partly by boundaries of political convenience. The term was formally used by explorers for newly discovered lengths of coastline, cf. coast. Outside the area covered by this work the term may be synonymous with territory. The use of land does not refer to the ground, rather it is a generic part of a toponym.
536 Land boundary The boundary between two lands.
227 Land transportation wreckage The remnants of a land transport vechile such as a tractor, car or skidoo.
390 Landing Natural or human-made places for discharging or taking on passengers and cargo.
229 Landing area Any locality either on land, water or structures, including airports/helipads and intermediate landing fields, which is used, or intended to be used, for the landing and takeoff of aircraft. Landing areas may or may not have facilities for the shelter and servicing of aircraft, or for receiving or discharging passengers or cargo.
551 Lava Field A wide expanse of lava-flows which have coalesced at the foot of one or more volcanic cones to produce a terrain of continuous lava extending over many square kilometres.
230 Lead A navigable passage through floating ice.
231 Linear A linear topographic feature related to rock structure.
391 Lookout An elevated place from which a particular scenic attraction may be viewed.
232 Magnetic Anomaly A positive or negitive departure from the predicted value of the Earth's magnetic field, measured at a particular point on the ground surface.
233 Magnetic Pole Is a point on the Earth's surface where the direction of the Earth's magnetic field is vertical. The magnetic dip, the angle between the horizontal plane and the Earth's magnetic field lines, is 90? at the magnetic poles.
234 Mammal Any animal of the Mammalia, a large class of warmblooded vertebrates having mammary glands in the female, a thoracic diaphragm, and a four-chambered heart. The class includes the whales, carnivores, rodents, bats, primates, etc.
235 Management zone An area set aside for specific management purposes.
239 Mapping extent The extent of the area that was mapped to create a dataset.
241 Marker bed A geological formation serving as a marker - an easily recognised stratigraphic feature with distinctive characteristics traceable over long distances.
392 Massif Compact group of mountain heights, which may be partly or almost entirely ice-covered.
554 Massif boundary The boundary line of a massif.
393 Mesa Synonymous with plateau or table but of lesser extent.
394 Monolith Pillar-like rock peak or nunatak.
243 Monument An object, especially large and made of stone, built to remember and show respect to a person or group of people, or a special place made for this purpose.
244 Mooring A buoy secured to the bottom by permanent moorings with means for mooring a vessel by use of its anchor chain or mooring lines.
245 Moraine A mound, ridge, or other distinct accumulation of unsorted, unstratified glacial drift, predominantly till, deposited primarily by direct action of glacier ice, in a variety of topographic landforms that are independent of control by the surface on which the drift lies.
246 Moraine boundary The boundary of the moraine.
395 Mountain Natural elevation rising to a relatively great height. Mountain, hill and knoll are terms indictating various degrees of heights in descending order, varying with the general configuration of the vicinity. The term mountains may be used for a grouping within a range.
396 Neve The crystalline or granular snow on the upper part of a glacier, which has not yet been compressed into ice; a field or bed of frozen snow.
397 Nunatak A small mountain, rocky crag or outcrop projecting from a glacier, ice shelf or snowfield.
597 Ocean structure To include such features as fronts and currents. Attribute data defines these.
249 Outcrop A detached rock mass, or group or rocks, distinctively shaped by erosion and weathering.
251 Pad A levelled ground surface.
398 Pass Relatively low area that provides easy passage through the hills or mountains.
399 Passage Navigable channel between two seas or oceans, or between reefs or islands.
400 Peak A hill or mountain with a comparatively sharp summit.
254 Penguin Sea-fowl of southern hemisphere with wings developed into scaly flippers with which it swims under the water.
401 Peninsula Piece of land almost surrounded by water or projecting far into the sea, which may be of very large, medium or small extent, cf. island.
402 Piedmont Literally (in French), the foot of a mountain. Used to describe the gentle slope leading down from the steep mountain slpoes to the plains and including both the piedmont and the accumulation of colluvial and alluvial material which forms a low-angle slope beyond the piedmont.
403 Pillar Synonymous with pinnacle for an offshore rock. Pinnacle: A rock rising sheer from the sea bottom, a slender peak or rock on land.
258 Pit A small covered hole generally to give access to communication and electrical networks.
550 Place Names Named places at a specific location.
404 Plain Level or gengtly undulating land, mainly ice-free, which may be at low or high elevation, cf. flat, plateau.
259 Plant species Species belonging to the plant kingdom.
405 Plateau More or less extensive ice-covered area of relatively high and uniform elevation, which may include one or more domes and be limited by mountain walls or not so limited, cf. plain, snowfield; the term may be applied also to submarine features.
406 Platform A small plateau or flat rock massif.
407 Point Sharp and often comparatively low piece of land jutting out from the coast or forming a turning point in the coastline, but usually applied to a less prominent or less navigationally significant feature than a cape. The term may also be applied to a rock feature at a little distance from a low ice-covered coast.
260 Pole A tall, slender and rounded length of wood or metal, generally vertical, used to give structural support for utility features such as the electrical fittings and cables. May or may not be supported by guys.
261 Polynya Any water in pack ice or fast ice other than a lead, not large enough to be called open water. If a polynya is found in the same region every year, e.g. of the mouths of big rivers, it is called a recurring polynya. A temporary small clearing in pack ice which consists of small floes and brash in continuous local movement is called an unstable polynya; an opening which is flanked by large floes and therefore appears to be relatively stable is called a stable polynya. When frozen over, a polynya becomes an ice shylight from the point of view of the submariner.
262 Pontoon A floating structure, usually rectangular in shape which serves as landing, pier head or bridge support.
408 Portal A gateway, entrance.
264 Post A stout piece of timber or metal of considerable length placed vertically as support in building.
265 Pothole A deep and more or less vertical hole in a glacier which drains away surface melt-water.
266 Precinct A region defining the horizontal flight limits of aircraft. For example, Australia uses the horizontal and vertical restriction of 750m for single engine helicopters and 1500m for twin engine helicopters, from wildlife.
409 Promontory Similar to a headland, but of larger extent, that may be above open sea, above an ice piedmont or above an ice shelf.
267 Protected area An area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity and/or of natural and associated cultural resources. The area is managed through legal or other effective means.
268 Pump A machine that draws a fluid into itself through an entrance port and forces the fluid out through an exhaust port.
269 Quarry An open or surface working or excavation for the extraction of building stone, ore, coal, gravel, or minerals.
270 Rack A framework with rails, bars, pegs, or shelves, for keeping or placing articles on or in.
271 Radome A dome or covering, protecting communications equipment eg. a radar installation.
272 Ramp An inclined platform joining two levels of ground eg. between two landings at different levels.
411 Range Row of mountains, or groups of mountains broken be glaciers, extending over a considerable distance.
412 Ravine A long narrow depression with steeply sloping sides, smaller than a valley but larger than a gully.
273 Reef A mass or ridge of rocks rising above the surrounding sea or lake bottom to or nearly to the surface, and dangerous to navigation of vessels.
449 Reef boundary The boundary line of the reef.
274 Refuge A shelter from extreme or dangerous environmental conditions such as those posed by the weather.
275 Repeater A device for automatic re-transmission or amplification of electrically transmitted messages eg. radio waves.
276 Reptile A class of terrestrial vertebrates, characterized by the lack of hair, feathers, and mammary glands; the skin is covered with scales, they have a three chambered heart and the pleural and peritoneal cavities are continuous.
413 Ridge Long narrow hill or mountain top or spur leading to a summit; the term may also be applied to submarine features.
414 Rim A rocky outer edge of a volcanic crater.
415 Rise A long broad elevation which rises gently from its surroundings; the term may be applied also to submarine features.
278 Road A long piece of hard ground that people can drive along from one place to another.
279 Rock Any aggregate of minerals that makes up part of the earth's crust. It may be unconsolidated, such as sand, clay, or mud, or consolidated, such as granite, limestone, or coal.
280 Rock boundary The boundary line of a lithological unit, where not defined by a fault, dyke or vein.
416 Rookery Nesting and breeding places of a penguin colony, usually of Emperor penguins.
281 Route Any established or selected course for passage or travel.
284 sACC Southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Defined by the southern extent of the Upper Circumpolar Deep Water.
417 Saddle A depression in a hill or line of hills.
287 Safety rail A horizontal or inclined bar or continuous series of bars used as protection against contact or falling over, or for a similar purpose.
288 Sand A loose material consisting of small mineral particles, or rock and mineral particles, distinguishable by the naked eye; grains vary from almost spherical to angular, with a diameter range from 1/16 to 2 millimeters.
452 Scientific Site A location of scientific study site or where a sample was taken. It also includes the location of scientific markers to relocate sites.
291 Scree A slope or base of a cliff consisting of broken rock fragments.
292 Scree boundary The boundary of the scree.
293 Sea A body of salty water that covers much of the earth.
294 Sea ice Any form of ice found at sea which has originated from the freezing of sea water.
295 Sea ice boundary The boundary of sea ice.
451 Sediments Solid particles and grains of rock material that have been transported and deposited. In the strictest sense a sediment is the solid material which settles after being suspended in a liquid, but the term has been extended to include all detrital material deposited by fluvial, marine, glacial and aeolian agencies in the process of sedimentation.
299 Ship wreckage The ruined remains of a stranded or sunken vessel which has been rendered useless.
300 Shoal A sandbank or sandbar that makes the water shallow and presents a navigation hazard.
302 Sign A plate or a label carrying important textual or graphical information.
418 Skerry Small rocky island.
419 Slope A stretch of rising or falling ground; an inclined plane or gradient.
303 Snow Atmospheric precipitation of ice crystals.
304 Snow bank A large drift or wall of snow.
305 Snow boundary The boundary line of the snow.
306 Snow bridge An arch formed by snow which has drifted across a crevasse, forming first a cornice, and ultimately a covering which may completely obsure the opening.
307 Snow patch An isolated area of snow, lying above or below the regional snow line, which may last throughout the summer, and is composed of firn.
420 Snowfield Large expanse of permanent ice and snow which may extend down to sea-level or may be intermontane, cf. plateau.
308 Soil The top layer of the land surface of the earth that is composed of disintegrated rock particles, humus, water and air.
421 Sound A strait between two sea areas or an extensive, partly enclosed sea area, including an area that may be covered by ice shelf.
309 Sounding A sub-marine point locality whose depth is measured and known.
422 Spit Long narrow shoal (where submerged) or a tongue of land (where above water) projecting into the sea.
423 Spur Projection from a mountain or range.
424 Stack High and precipitous detached pillar of rock near shore.
228 Stair Landing A platform between two flights of stairs, or at the top or bottom of a flight.
314 Storage A temporary structure or collection of goods e.g shipping containers, shipping goods, gravel stockpile.
425 Strait Comparatively narrow stretch of water connecting two sea or two large bodies of water, cf. channel, passage.
315 Strand crack A fissure at the junction between an inland ice sheet, ice piedmont or ice rise and an ice shelf, the latter being subject to the rise and fall of the tide.
316 Structure Something built or constructed.
426 Subglacial basin Subglacial: a term meaning 'beneath the ice'. Basin: a very large depression occupied by sea water, ie. an ocean basin.
579 Subglacial lake Subglacial - Pertaining to the environment beneath a glacier. It refers to the processes by which a glacier moves across its floor in addition to the movements of meltwater at the base of the ice. Lake - An enclosed body of water, usually but not necessarily fresh water, from which the sea is excluded.
427 Subglacial mountains Subglacial: a term meaning 'benearth the ice'. Mountain: A mass of land considerably higher than its surroundings and of greater altitude than a hill.
428 Subglacial trench Subglacial: a term meaning 'benearth the ice'. Trench: A deep, or elongated trough, in a floor of the ocean.
317 Sump A pit or well for the reception of superfluous water.
256 Support Pillar A slender upright structure serving as architectural support.
318 Tank Large metal, wooden, glass etc., vessel for liquid, gas, etc.
319 Taxi path A line along the ground or water which an aircraft normally travels under its own power before or after flying.
320 Terminator A point marking the end of a pipe or cable network. This can be an actual real-world feature eg. the end of a pipe, or an artificial feature such as where a pipe enters a building.
321 Terrace A shelf or bench of relatively flat, sometimes slightly inclined, ground.
429 Territory Extent of land under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state.
322 Thaw hole Vertical hole in floating ice formed when a puddle melts through to the underlying water.
323 Tidal zone Low-lying land along coast, usually flooded at high tide.
442 Tide The alternate rise and fall of the surface of the sea, approximately twice a day, caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and to a lesser degree of the sun.
324 Tide crack The fissure at the line of junction between immovable icefoot or icewall and fast ice, the latter being subject to the rise and fall of the tide.
325 Tongue A projection of the ice edge up to several km in length caused by wind and current.
326 Tongue boundary The boundary of the tongue.
430 Tooth Tooth-shaped rock or nunatak.
431 Tor An isolated high rock commonly eroded by wind into unusual shapes.
328 Tower A self supporting construction supported by feet. It has latticed uprights and has no guys.
329 Transformer A device for increasing or decreasing the voltage of electrical current flowing through an electrical cable.
330 Traverse A linear scientific transect or traverse. A once off path follow by scientist to collect data.
331 Treaty An international agreement in writing between two states or a number of states. Treaties are binding in international law; some treaties create law only for those states that are parties to them.
332 Trend A trace of bedding, foliation, or igneous trend in a rock.
333 True Geographic Pole Either of two points of intersection of the surface of the Earth with the Earth's axis of rotation. The location of this pole moves approximately 10m a year and is recalculated each year. The true south geographic pole is located near Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. The geographic pole is also sometimes referred to as the geodetic pole.
432 Undersea ridge A ridge (Long narrow hill or mountain top or spur leading to a summit) that is a submarine feature.
335 Utility hole A covered hole giving bodily access to a pipe network.
336 Utility wall A solid upright barrier or the like for preventing free access to an area.
433 Valley Long depression running from a higher level to a lower level (or to the coast), with a glacier completely filling the feature, partly filling it or terminating within it; rarely a valley may be ice-free with a seasonly stream running through it. The term may be applied also to submarine features.
337 Valve Automatic or other device for controlling passage of liquid or gas or the like through pipe etc.
576 Vegetation type A community of plants or plant life that share distinguishable characteristics.
339 Vein A thin, sheetlike igneous intrusive body.
340 Ventifact Ice which is stone worn, polished, or faceted by windblown sand.
341 Volcanic cone A conical mass of which the base is a circle and the summit a point. The term is used frequently in connection with a volcanic.
343 Wall An ice cliff forming the seaward margin of an inland ice sheet, ice cap, ice piedmont or ice rise. The rock basement may be at or below sea level.
434 Wallow Low-lying muddy or damp place where animals gather.
345 Water body An enclosed body of water, usually but not necessarily fresh water, from which the sea is excluded.
346 Watercourse A natural stream arising in a given drainage basin but not wholly dependent for its flow on surface drainage in its immediate area, flowing in a channel with a well-defined bed between visible banks or through a definite depression in the land, having a definite and permanent or periodic supply of water, and usually, but not necessarily, having a perceptible current in a particular direction and discharging at a fixed point into another body of water.
347 Way point A navigation marker.
348 Wharf A structure serving as a berthing place for vessels.
349 Wind sock A long, tapered, cloth tube open at both ends. Its large end is supported and held open by a steel ring mounted in a bearing so it is free to trun. Wind socks are mounted on tall poles so they can catch the wind and stream out in the direction the wind is blowing. Winds socks are normally made of vividly colored cloth and are used on airports and heliports to show the piolt of an arriving aircraft the direction from which the wind is blowing.