Shamus E, Wessel NV, McVey L. Shamus E, Wessel N.V., McVey L Shamus, Eric, et al.CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. In: Shamus E. Shamus E Ed. Eric Shamus.eds. The Color Atlas of Physical Therapy New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; . http://accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1491&sectionid=90315120. Accessed April 22, 2019.
Shamus E, Wessel NV, McVey L. Shamus E, Wessel N.V., McVey L Shamus, Eric, et al.. "CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE." The Color Atlas of Physical Therapy Shamus E. Shamus E Ed. Eric Shamus. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, , http://accessphysiotherapy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1491&sectionid=90315120.
An 80-year-old female presents with shortness of breath and chest pain with exertion and cough. She states that she has to sleep with four pillows at night or she gets short of breath. She has a history of long-standing hypertension and noncompliance with her medication. Vitals are: Pulse: 120, Respiration: 22, Temperature: 97.8° F, Blood Pressure: 150/80, and SpO2% of 94%. The patient appears diaphoretic with cool pale extremities. There are audible rales in the lungs bilaterally and +2 edema of the legs bilaterally. There is an audible S3 gallop. EKG shows some left ventricular strain. Chest X-ray shows fluid in the bases of the lungs bilaterally and enlargement of the heart. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level in the blood is 500 pg/mL.
Heart is unable to produce sufficient cardiac output (CO) to meet demands of the body.
HF is a syndrome caused by several pathophysiologic conditions, resulting in left ventricular and/or right ventricular dysfunction (cardiac pump dysfunction).
HF is a result of cardiac muscle dysfunction or damage.
Education on disease management reduces hospitalization.
Vital signs should be monitored before, during, and after exercise.
Both aerobic and resistive exercises have shown positive benefits.
Signs and symptoms should be monitored.
Emphasis on wellness and prevention.