The announcement follows the recent airing of an undercover report by private broadcaster TVN that documented sick cows being slaughtered in violation of the law in the northeastern Polish town of Ostrow Mazowiecka.
No veterinarians were present for the slaughter although the meat was marked as having followed that required legal procedure.
Louise Nyholm of Sweden's National Food Agency said small quantities of the meat had been sold to four companies in Sweden, and called it "a serious violation of food law and totally unacceptable."
The agency said authorities in EU countries to which the meat was exported were alerted.
Officials in Finland said some 250 kilograms of Polish meat suspected to be from sick cows ended up in the country. Food safety officials were investigating whether any of that meat has been sold in local stores.
Meanwhile, Estonia got about 350 kilograms of the meat but none ended up in stores, officials there said.
The Polish veterinary inspectorate stripped the slaughterhouse of permission to operate earlier this week.