Dans l'étude de l'évolution moléculaire, un haplogroupe est un grand groupe d'haplotypes, qui sont des séries d'allèles situés à des sites spécifiques dans un chromosome.

Pour la génétique humaine, les haplogroupes qu'on étudie généralement sont des haplogroupes du chromosome Y (ADN-Y) et des haplogroupes de l'ADN mitochondrial (ADN mt). On peut employer les deux pour définir les populations génétiques. L'ADN-Y suit seulement la lignée patrilinéaire, alors que l'ADN mt suit seulement la lignée matrilinéaire. Les hommes disposent des deux types de marqueurs génétiques (ADN mitochondrial de la mère et chromosome Y du père) ; les femmes possèdent uniquement un seul type : l'ADN mitochondrial de la mère.
La classification des haplogroupes humains basée sur les marqueurs génétiques a rapidement évolué alors qu'on trouve des nouveaux marqueurs régulièrement.

Sont listés ici les principaux haplogroupes de l'ADN du chromosome Y par pays, basé sur des études scientifiques :

Références 
  Adams S.M., King T.E., Bosch E., Jobling M.A., « The Case of the Unreliable SNP: Recurrent Back-mutation of Y-chromosomal Marker P25 Through Gene Conversion. (abstract) », Forensic Science International, vol. 159, no 1, 2006, p. 14–20
  Adams S., Bosch E., Balaresque P., Ballereau S., Lee A., Arroyo E., Lopez-Parra A., Aler M., Grifo M. et al., « The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 83, no 6, 2008, p. 725–36
  Alonso S, Flores C., Cabrera V. Alonso, Martin P, Albarran C., Izagirre N, Rua C, Garcia O, « The Place of the Basques in the European Y-chromosome Diversity Landscape. (available by subscription) », European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 13, no 12, 2005, p. 1293–1302
  Athey T W, Schrack B E (2008-1). A New Subclade of Y Haplogroup J2b Journal of Genetic Genealogy, 4(1):27-34
  Athey T W, Wilson J F (2008-2). "Y-SNP rs34134567 Defines a Large Subgroup of Haplogroup G2a-P15" Journal of Genetic Genealogy, 4(2):149-150
  Athey T W, Nordtvedt K, « Resolving the Placement of Haplogroup I-M223 in the Y-chromosome Phylogenetic Tree », Journal of Genetic Genealogy, vol. 1, 2005, p. 54–55
  Balanovsky O, Dibirova K, Dybo A, Mudrak O, Frolova S, Pocheshkhova E, Haber M, Platt D, Schurr T, Haak W, Kuznetsova M, Radzhabov M, Balaganskaya O, Romanov A, Zakharova T, Soria Hernanz DF, Zalloua P, Koshel S, Ruhlen M, Renfrew C, Wells RS, Tyler-Smith C, Balanovska E; The Genographic Consortium. (2011). Parallel Evolution of Genes and Languages in the Caucasus Region. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2011 May 13
  Balanovsky O, « Two Sources of the Russian Patrilineal Heritage in Their Eurasian Context », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 82, no 1, 2008, p. 236–250
  Battaglia V, Fornarino S, Al-Zahery N, Olivieri A, Pala M, Myres N M, King R J, Rootsi S, Marjanovic D, Primorac D, Hadziselimovic R, Vidovic S, Drobnic K, Durmishi11 N, Torroni1 A, Santachiara-Benerecetti A S, Underhill P A, Semino O, (2008). Y-chromosomal Evidence of the Cultural Diffusion of Agriculture in Southeast Europe European Journal of Human Genetics, 249
  Behar D M, « Contrasting Patterns of Y chromosome Variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and Host Non-Jewish European Populations », Hum Genet, vol. 114, no 4, 2004, p. 354–365
  Balaresque P, Bowden G R, Adams S M, Leung H-Y, King T E. Rosser Z H, Goodwin J,Moisan J-P, Richard C, Millward A, Demaine A G, Barbujani G, Previderè C, Wilson I J, Tyler-Smith C, Jobling1 M A. (2010). "A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for European Paternal Lineages." PLoS biology. 2010;8(1):e1000285
  Biro A, Zalan A, Volgyi A, Pamjav H. (2009). "A Y-Chromosomal Comparison of the Madjars (Kazakhstan) and the Magyars (Hungary)." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 139:305-310
  Bortolini M-C, Salzano FM, Thomas MG, Stuart S, Nasanen SPK, Bau CHD, Hutz MH, Layrisse Z, Petzl-Erler ML, Tsuneto LT et al., « Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 73, 2003, p. 524–539
  utler J M, « Recent Developments in Y-Short Tandem Repeat and Y-Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis », Forensic Science Review, vol. 15, no 2, 2003, p. 100–111
  Cadenas A M, Zhivotovsky L A, Cavalli-Sforza L L, Underhill P A, HerreraR J, « Y-chromosome Diversity Characterizes the Gulf of Oman », European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 16, no 3, 2008, p. 374–386
  Capelli C, Redhead, N, Romano V, Cali F, Lefranc, G, Delague V, Megarbane A, Felice A E, Pascali V L, Neophytou P I, Poulli Z, Novelletto A, Malaspina P, Terrenato L, Berebbi A, Fellous M, Thomas M G, Goldstein D B, (2005). Population Structure in the Mediterranean Basin: A Y Chromosome Perspective, Annals of Human Genetics. Chandrasekar A, Saheb, S Y, Gangopadyaya P, GangopayayaS, Mukherjee A, Basu D, Lakshmi G R, Sahani A K, Cas B, Battacharya S, Kumar S, Xavior D, Sun D, Rao V R, (2007). "YAP Insertion Signature in South Asia." Annals of Human Biology 34(5);582-6. Charoni J, Underhill P, Cavalli-Sforza L L, (2009). Y Chromosome Diversity, Human Expansion, Drift, and Cultural Evolution. PNAS, 106 (48); 20174-20179
  Cinnioglu C, « Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia », Human Genetics, vol. 114, no 2, 2004, p. 127–148
  Cox M P, Lahr M M (2006). Y-Chromosome Diversity Is Inversely Associated with Language Affiliation in Paired Austronesian- and Papuan-Speaking Communities from Solomon Islands American Journal of Human Biology, 18:35-50
  Cruciani F, Santolamazza P, Shen P, Macaulay V., Moral P, Olckers A, Modiano D, Holmes S, Destro-Bisol G et al., « A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 70, 2002, p. 1197–1214
  Cruciani F, Trombetta B, Sellitto D, Massaia A, Destro=Bisol G, Watson E, Colomb E B, Dugoujon J-M, Moral P, Scozzari R (2010a). Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup R-V88: A Paternal Genetic Record of Early Mid Holocene Trans-Saharan Connections and the Spread of Chadic Languages. (abstract) (Epub ahead of print) European Journal of Human Genetics, January 6, 2010
  Cruciani F, La Fratta R, Santolamazza P, Sellito D, Pascone R, Moral P, Watson E, Guida V, Beraud Colomb E et al., « Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out of Africa », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 74, 2004, p. 1014–1022
  Cruciani F, La Fratta R, Torroni A, Underhill PA, Scozzari R, « Molecular dissection of the Y chromosome haplogroup E-M78 (E3b1a): a posteriori evaluation of a microsatellite-network-based approach through six new biallelic markers », Hum. Mutat., vol. 27, no 8, , p. 831–2 ; Cruciani F, Trombetta B, Massaia A, Destro-Bisol G, Sellitto D, Scozzari R, « A revised root for the human Y chromosomal phylogenetic tree: the origin of patrilineal diversity in Africa », Am. J. Hum. Genet., vol. 88, no 6, , p. 814–8
  Cruciani F, Trombetta B, Antonelli C, Pascone R, Valesini G, Scalzi V, Vona G, Melegh B, Zagradisnik B et al., « Strong Intra- and Inter-continental Differentiation Revealed by Y chromosome SNPs M269, U106 and U152 », Forensic Science International, vol. 2010, 2010b, p. 7–10
  Cruciani F, La Fratta R, Trombetta B, Santolamazza P, Sellitto D, Colomb E B, Dugoujon J-M, Crivellaro F, Benincasa T, Pascone R, Moral P, Watson E, Melegh B, Barbujani G, Fusselli S, Vona G, Zagradisnik B, Assum G, Brdicka R, Kozlov A I, Efremov G D, Coppa A, Novelletto A, Scozzari R, (2007). Tracing Past Human Male Movements in Northern/Eastern Africa and Western Eurasia: New Clues from Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12 Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(6):1300-1311. Cruciani F, Trombetta B, Novelletto A, Scozzari R, (2008). "Recurrent Mutation in SNPs within Y chromosome E3b (E-M215) Haplogroup: A Rebuttal. (abstract)" American Journal of Human Biolology. Sep-Oct; 20(5):614-6
  Deng W, « Evolution and Migration History of the Chinese Population Inferred from the Chinese Y-chromosome Evidence », Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 49, no 7, 2004, p. 339–348
  Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Denisova GA, Wozniak M, Dambueva I, Dorzhu C, Luzina F, Danuta Miscicka-Sliwka D, Zakharov I, (2006). Contrasting Patterns of Y-Chromosome Variation in South Siberian Populations from Baikal and Altai-Sayan Regions, Human Genetics, 118:591-604
  Di Giacomo F, Luca F, Popa L O, Akar N, Anagnou N, Banyko J, Brdicka R, Barbujani G, Papola F et al., « Y Chromosomal Haplogroup J as a Signature of the Post-Neolithic Colonization of Europe », Human Genetics, vol. 115, 2004, p. 357–371
  El Sibai M., Platt D, Haber M, Xue Y, Youhanna S, Wells R, Izaabel H, Anyoura M, Harmanani H, Bonab M, Behbehani J, Hashwa F, Tyler-Smith C, Zalloua P, The Genographic Consortium, (2009). Geographical Structure of the Y-Chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the Levant: A Coastal Inland Contrast, Annals of Human Genetics, 73:568-81
  Flores G, Maca-Meyer N, Gonzalez A M, Oefner P J, Shen P, Perez J A, Rojas A, Larruga J M, Underhill P A et al., « Reduced Genetic Structure of the Iberian Peninsula Revealed by Y-chromosome Analysis: Implications for population demography », European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 12, no 10, 2004, p. 855–863
  Erreur dans la syntaxe du modèle ArticleFornarino S, Pala M, Battaglia V, et al., « Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation », , vol. 9, 2009, p. 154
  Gayden T, Cadenas A M, Regueiro M, Singh N B, Zhivotovsky L A, Underhill P A, Cavalli-Sforza L L, Herrera R J, « The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 80, no 5, 2007, p. 884–894
  Geppert M, Baetab M, Núñez C, Martínez-Jarreta B, Zweynert S, Vacas Cruz O W, González-Andrade F, González-Solorzano J, Nagya M and Roewer L (2010) Hierarchical Y-SNP Assay to Study the Hidden Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationship of Native Populations in South America, Forensic Science International: Genetics, 6 Oct 2010
  Ghiani M, Mameli A, Piras G, Berti A, Calo C, Vona G, « Population Data for Y-chromosome Haplotypes Defined by AmpFlSTR YFiler PCR Amplification Kit in North Sardinia (Italy) », Collegium Antropologicum, vol. 33, no 2, 2009, p. 643–51
  Haber M, Platt D, Badro D, Xue Y, El-Sibai M, Bonab M, Youhanna S, Saade S, Soria-Hernanz D et al., « Influences of History, Geography, and Religion on Genetic Structure: the Maronites in Lebanon », European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 19, no 3, 2010, p. 334–40
  Hammer M F, Krafet T M, Park H, Omoto K, Harihara S, Stoneking M, Harai S, « Dual Origins of the Japanese: Common Ground for Hunter-gatherer and Farmer Y Chromosomes. (abstract) », Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 51, no 1, 2006, p. 47–58
  Hammer M F, Karafet T M, Redd A J, Jarjanazi H, Santachiara-Benerecetti A S, Soodyall H, Zegura S L, « Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity », Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 18, no 7, 2001, p. 1189–1203
  Hammer M F, Chamberlain V F, Kearney V F, Stover D, Zhang G, Karafet T, Walsh B, Redd A J, (2005). Population Structure of Y Chromosome SNP Haplogroups in the United States and Forensic Implications for Constructing Y Chromosome STR Databases. (in press) Forensic Science International
  Henn B M, « Y-chromosomal Evidence of a Pastoralist Migration through Tanzania to Southern Africa », PNAS, vol. 105, no 31, 2008, p. 10693–10698
  Hinds D A, Stuve L L, Nilsen G B, Haperin E, Eskin E, Ballinger D G, Frazer K A, Cox D R, « Whole-genome Patterns of Common DNA Variation in Three Human Populations », Science, vol. 307, no 5712, 2005, p. 1072–1079
  Hurles M E, Irven C, Nicholson J, Taylor P G, Santos F R, Loughlin J, Jobling M A, Sykes B C, « European Y-Chromosomal Lineages in Polynesians: A Contrast to the Population Structure Revealed by mtDNA », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 63, no 6, 1998, p. 1793–1806
  Hurles M E, Nicholson J, Bosch E, Renfew C, Sykes B C, Jobling M A, « Y Chromosomal Evidence for the Origins of Oceanic-Speaking Peoples », Genetics, vol. 160, no 1, 2002, p. 289–303
  Jobling M A, Tyler-Smith C, « The Human Y Chromosome: An Evolutionary Marker Comes of Age », Nature Reviews Genetics, vol. 4, no 8, 2003, p. 598–612
  Karafet TM, Hallmark B, Cox MP, et al., « Major east-west division underlies Y chromosome stratification across Indonesia », Mol. Biol. Evol., vol. 27, no 8, , p. 1833–44
  Karafet T M, Mendez F L, Meilerman M B, Underhill P A, Zegura S L, Hammer M F, (2008). "New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree. Abstract." Genome Research, published online April 2, 2008. Supplementary Material
  Karafet T, « Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 69, no 3, 2001, p. 615–628
  Karlsson A O, Wallerstrom T, Gotherstrom A, Holmlund G, « Y-chromosome Diversity in Sweden - A Long-time Perspective », European Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 4, 2006, p. 963–970
  Kayser M, Brauer S, Weiss G, Schiefenhovel W, Underhill P A, Stoneking M, « Independent Histories of Human Y Chromosomes from Melanesia and Australia », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 68, no 1, 2001, p. 173–190
  Kayser M, Brauer S, Cordaux R, Casto A, Lao O, Zhivotovsky L A, Moyse-Faurie C, Rutledge R B, Schiefenhovel W, Gil D, Lin A A, Underhill P A, Oefner P J, Trent R J, Stoneking M. (2006). "Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y-Chromosome Gradients across the Pacific. MBE Advance Access published August 21, 2006
  Kayser M, Brauer S, Weiss G, Underhill P A, Roewer L, Schiefenhovel W, Stoneking M, « Melanesian Origin of Polynesian Y Chromosomes », Current Biology, vol. 10, 2000, p. 20
  Kayser M. Brauer S., Weiss G., Schiefenhovel W, Underhill P, Shen P, Oefner P, Tommaseo-Ponzetta M, Stoneking M., « Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 72, no 2, 2003, p. 281–302
  King R, DiCristofaro J, Kouvatsi A, Triantaphyllidis C, Scheidel W, Myres N, Lin A, Eissautier A, Mitchell M et al., « The Coming of the Greeks to Provence and Corsica: Y-Chromosome Models of Archaic Greek Colonization of the Western Mediterranean », BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 11, 2011, p. 69
  King RJ, Ozcan SS, Carter T, Kalfoglu E, Atasoy S, Triantaphyllidis C, Kouvatsi A, Lin AA, Chow CET et al., « Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic. (abstract) », Annals of Human Genetics, vol. 72, 2008, p. 205–214
  Kivisild T, Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Mastana S, Kaldma K, Parik J, Metspalu E, Adojaan M, Tolk HV et al., « The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists in Both Indian Tribal and Caste Populations », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 72, 2003, p. 313–332
  McEvoy B, Bradley D G, (2006). "Y-chromosomes and the Extent of Patrilineal Ancestry in Irish Surnames (abstract)" Human Genetics 2006 Jan 12;:1-8
  Mendez F L, Karafet T M, Krahn T, Ostrer H, Soodyall H, Hammer M H. (2011). "Increased Resolution of Y Chromosome Haplogroup T Defines Relationships among Populations of the Near East, Europe, and Africa." Human Biology 83(1):39-53, 2011
  Mohyuddin A., Ayub Q, Underhill P A, Tyler-Smith C, Mehdi S Q, (Feb. 10 2006). Detection of Novel Y SNPs Provides Further Insights into Y Chromosomal Variation in Pakistan. (abstract) Journal of Human Genetics
  Moore L T, McEvoy B, Cape E, Simms K, Bradley D G, « A Y-chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 78, no 2, 2006, p. 334–338
  Mona S, Tommaseo-Ponzetta M, Brauer S, Sudoyo H, Marzuki S, Kayser M. (2007). Patterns of Y-chromosome Diversity Intersect with the Trans-New Guinea Hypothesis. Mol Biol Evol. 2007 Sep 10
  Myres N M, Rootsi S, Lin A A, Järve M, King R J, Kutuev I, Cabrera V M, Khusnutdinova E K, Pshenichnov A, Yunusbayev B, Balanovsky O, Balanovska E, Rudan P, Baldovic M, Herrera R J, Chiaroni J, Di Cristofaro J, Villems R, Kivisild T, Underhill P A. (2010). A Major Y-chromosome Haplogroup R1b Holocene Era Founder Effect in Central and Western Europe. European journal of human genetics : EJHG. 2010;(July):1-7
  Myres N M, Elkins J E, Lin A A, Cavalli-Sforza, L L, Woodward S R, Underhill P A. (2007). "Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeat DYS458.2 Non-consensus Alleles Occur Independently in Both Binary Haplogroups J1-M267 and R1b3-M405." Croatian Medical Journal, 48
  Nasidze I, Quinque D, Dupanloup I, Rychkov S, Naumova O, Zoukova O, Stoneking M, « Genetic Evidence Concerning the Origins of the South and North Ossetians. (abstract) », Annals of Human Genetics, vol. 68, no Pt 6, 2004, p. 588–599
  Nasidze I, Quinque D, Ozturk M, Bendukidze N, Stoneking M, « MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups. (abstract) », Annals of Human Genetics, vol. 69, no Pt 4, 2005, p. 401–412
  Nasidze I, Sarkisian T, Kerimov A, Stoneking M, « Testing Hypotheses of Language Replacement in the Caucasus: Evidence from the Y-chromosome », Human Genetics, vol. 112, no 3, 2003, p. 255–61
  Nonaka I, Minaguchi K, Takezaki N, « Y Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms. (abstract) », Annals of Human Genetics, vol. 71, no Pt 4, 2007, p. 480–495
  Pakendorf B, Novgorodov I N, Osakovskij V L, Danilova A P, Protod'jakonov A P, Stoneking M, « Investigating the Effects of Prehistoric Migrations in Siberia: Genetic Variation and the Origins of Yakuts », Human Genetics, vol. 120, no 3, 2006, p. 334–353
  Regueiro M, Cardenas A M, Gayden T, Underhill P A, Herrera T J, (2006). "Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. (abstract)" Human Heredity, Vol. 61, No 3., 132-143
  Repping S, « High Mutation Rates Have Driven Extensive Structural Polymorphism among Human Y Chromosomes », National Genetics, vol. 38, no 4, 2006, p. 463–467
  Rootsi S, Zhivotovsky LA, Baldovic M, Kayser M, Kutuev I A, Khusainova1 R, Bermisheva1 M A, Gubina M, Fedorova1 S A, Ilumae1 A, Khusnutdinova E K, Voevoda M I, Osipova L P, Stoneking M, Lin A A, Ferak V, Parik J, Kivisild T, Underhill P A and Villems R. (2007). "A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe." European Journal of Human Genetics. 15: 204-211
  Rootsi S, « Human Y Chromosomal Variations in European Populations. (dissertation) Council of the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu. Rootsi S, Magri C, Kisivild T, Benuzzi G, Help H, Bermisheva M, Kutuev I, Barac L, Pericic M, Balanovsky O, Pshenichnov A, Dion D, Grobei M, Zhivotovsky L A, Battaglia V, Achilli A, Al-Zahery N, Parik J, King R, Cinnioglu C, Kushnutdinova E, Rudan P, Balanovska E, Scheffrahn W, Simonescu M, Brehm A, Goncalves R, Rosa A, Joisan J-P, Chaventre A, Ferak V, Furedi S, Oefner P J, Shen P, Beckman L, Mikerezi I, Terzic R, Primorac D, Cambon-Thomsen A, Krumina A, Torroni A, Underhill P A, Santachiara-Benerecetti A S, Villems R, Semino O, (2004). "Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene Flow In Europe », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 75, 2004, p. 128–137
  Rozen S, Marszalek J D, Alagappan R K, Skaletsky H, Page D C, « Remarkably Little Variation in Proteins Encoded by the Y Chromosome's Single-Copy Genes, Implying Effective Purifying Selection », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 85, no 6, 2009, p. 923–928
  Scheinfeldt L. Friedlaender F, Friedlaender J, Latham K, Koki G, Karafet T, Hammer M, Lorenz J, « Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia. (Link and comments from Dienekes' Anthropological Blog) Society for Molecular Biology, 2006. Semino O, Santachiara-Benerecetti A S, Falaschi F, Cavalli-Sforza L L, Underhill P A, (2002). "Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the Human Y-Chromosome Phylogeny », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 70, 2006, p. 265–268
  Semino O, Magri C, Benuzzi G, Lin A A, Al-Zahery N, Battaglia V, Maccioni L, Triantaphyllidis C, Shen P et al., « Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 74, 2004, p. 1023–1034
  Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky L A, King R, Mehdi S Q, Edmonds C A, Chow C-A T, Lin A A Mitra M, Sil S K, Ramesh A et al., « Polarity and Temporality of High Resolution Y-chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 78, 2006, p. 202–221
  Shen P, Lavi T, Kisivild T, Chou V, Sengun D, Gefel D, Shpirer I, Woolf E, Hillel J, Feldman M W, Oefner P J (2004). Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli Populations from Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation Human Mutation, 24:248-260
  Shi H, Zhong H, Peng Y, Dong Y-L, Qi X-B. Zhang F, Liu L-F, Tan S-J, Ma R Z, Xiao C-J, Wells R S, Jin L, Su B (2008). Y-Chromosome Evidence of Earliest Modern Human Settlement in East Asia and Multiple Origins of Tibetan and Japanese Populations. (abstract) BMC Biology 2008, 6:45
  Shi H, Dong Y, Wen B, Xiao C, Underhill P, Shen P, Chakraborty R, Jin L, Su B, (2005). Y-Chromosome Evidence of Southern Origin of the East Asian-Specific Haplogroup O3-M122. (aabstract) American Journal of Human Genetics. 77:408-419
  Yan S, Wang CC, Li H, Li SL, Jin L, « An updated tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and revised phylogenetic positions of mutations P164 and PK4 », Eur. J. Hum. Genet., vol. 19, no 9, , p. 1013–5
  Sims L M, Garvey D, Ballantyne J (2006). Differentiation of sub-populations within Y-SNP haplogroup G, (poster citation- not available online) Forensic Science Society, Autumn Conference, Wyboston, UK, November 3–5, 2006
  Sims L M, Garvey D, Ballantyne J, « Improved Resolution Haplogroup G Phylogeny in the Y Chromosome, Revealed by a Set of Newly Characterized SNPs », PLoS ONE, vol. 4, no 6, 2009, p. e5792
  Sims L M, Garvey D, Ballantyne J (2007). Sub-Populations Within the Major European and African Derived Haplogroups R1b3 and E3a Are Differentiated by Previously Phylogenetically Undefined Y-SNPs. Human Mutation: Mutation in Brief #940 (2007)
  Su B, Xiao J, Underhill P, Deka R, Zhang W, Akey J, Huang W, Shen D, Lu D et al., « Y-chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age », American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 65, 1999, p. 1718–1724
  Tan S, Yang M, Yu H, Dong Y, Shou W, Zou J, Tang W, Guo Y, Xiao C, (2007). "Y-chromosome Polymorphisms Define the Origin of the Mang, an Isolated Population in China." Annals of Human Biology, Sep;34(5):573-581
  Thangaraj K, « Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population », Current Biology, vol. 13, no 2, 2003, p. 86–93
  Trombetta B, Cruciani F, Sellitto D, Scozzari R, (2011) "A New Topology of the Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2) Revealed through the Use of Newly Characterized Binary Polymorphisms." PLoS ONE 6(1)
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Voir aussi

Liens externes
  World Haplogroups Maps
  Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup I Reveals Distinct Domains of Prehistoric Gene Flow in Europe
  Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa
  Conversion Table for Y-Chromosome Haplogroups
  Y-chromosome haplogroup N dispersals from south Siberia to Europe
  A Synthesis of Haplogroup R2
  High-Resolution Phylogenetic Analysis of Southeastern Europe (SEE) Traces Major Episodes of Paternal Gene Flow Among Slavic Populations
  A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios
  Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists
  Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus
  YunusbaevBB
  Map and tree based upon the current YCC 2003 tree
  
  Frequencies of Haplogroup I and its Subhaplogroups

Haplogroupe humain
Génétique des populations