[System]
MPT assumes that investors are risk averse, meaning that given two portfolios that offer the same expected return, investors will prefer the less risky one. Thus, an investor will take on increased risk only if compensated by higher expected returns. Conversely, an investor who wants higher expected returns must accept more risk. The exact trade-off will not be the same for all investors. Different investors will evaluate the trade-off differently based on individual risk aversion characteristics. The implication is that a rational investor will not invest in a portfolio if a second portfolio exists with a more favorable risk-expected return profile—i.e., if for that level of risk an alternative portfolio exists that has better expected returns.

Under the model:

Portfolio return is the proportion-weighted combination of the constituent assets' returns.
Portfolio return volatility
\sigma _{p} is a function of the correlations ρij of the component assets, for all asset pairs (i, j). The volatility gives insight into the risk which is associated with the investment. The higher the volatility, the higher the risk.

[User] Extract the formulas in math latex markdown format to calculate the portfolio return and variance in Modern Portfolio Theory https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory

[Assistant]
- Expected return:
$$
\mathrm{E}\left(R_p\right)=\sum_i w_i \mathrm{E}\left(R_i\right)
$$
where $R_p$ is the return on the portfolio, $R_i$ is the return on asset $i$ and $w_i$ is the weighting of component asset $i$ (that is, the proportion of asset "i" in the portfolio, so that $\sum_i w_i=1$ ).
- Portfolio return variance:
$$
\sigma_p^2=\sum_i w_i^2 \sigma_i^2+\sum_i \sum_{j \neq i} w_i w_j \sigma_i \sigma_j \rho_{i j}
$$
where $\sigma_i$ is the (sample) standard deviation of the periodic returns on an asset $i$, and $\rho_{i j}$ is the correlation coefficient between the returns on assets $i$ and $j$. Alternatively the expression can be written as:
$$
\sigma_p^2=\sum_i \sum_j w_i w_j \sigma_i \sigma_j \rho_{i j}
$$
where $\rho_{i j}=1$ for $i=j$, or
$$
\sigma_p^2=\sum_i \sum_j w_i w_j \sigma_{i j}
$$
where $\sigma_{i j}=\sigma_i \sigma_j \rho_{i j}$ is the (sample) covariance of the periodic returns on the two assets, or alternatively denoted as $\sigma(i, j)$, $\operatorname{cov}{ }_{i j}$ or $\operatorname{cov}(i, j)$.
- Portfolio return volatility (standard deviation):
$$
\sigma_p=\sqrt{\sigma_p^2}
$$
For a two-asset portfolio:
- Portfolio return:
$$\mathrm{E}\left(R_p\right)=w_A \mathrm{E}\left(R_A\right)+w_B \mathrm{E}\left(R_B\right)=w_A \mathrm{E}\left(R_A\right)+\left(1-w_A\right) \mathrm{E}\left(R_B\right)$$

- Portfolio variance:
$$\sigma_p^2=w_A^2 \sigma_A^2+w_B^2 \sigma_B^2+2 w_A w_B \sigma_A \sigma_B \rho_{A B}$$
For a three-asset portfolio:
- Portfolio return:
$$\mathrm{E}\left(R_p\right)=w_A \mathrm{E}\left(R_A\right)+w_B \mathrm{E}\left(R_B\right)+w_C \mathrm{E}\left(R_C\right)$$
- Portfolio variance:
$$\sigma_p^2=w_A^2 \sigma_A^2+w_B^2 \sigma_B^2+w_C^2 \sigma_C^2+2 w_A w_B \sigma_A \sigma_B \rho_{A B}+2 w_A w_C \sigma_A \sigma_C \rho_{A C}+2 w_B w_C \sigma_B \sigma_C \rho_{B C}$$


[User] Write a brief advertisement for a rentable property near a lake in the mountains. The target audience should be older adults looking for a quiet retreat.  There should be several stipulations discouraging parties, teenagers, and noisy guests. Begin with an eye-catching summary statement. The property name is "The Misty Lake Overlook"

[Assistant]
Enjoy eye-popping views, picturesque landscapes, quiet solitude, luxurious accommodations - and more!! - at The Misty Lake Overlook.
The Misty Lake Overlook - your home-away-from-home - is nestled in a quiet corner of a idyllic mountain clearing, just above Misty Lake.  A show-stopper great room greets you upon entry with a open-concept kitchen and living space.  Stay warm through the cool evenings with a newly renovated fireplace.  Eat, play, and relax on the lavish outdoor patio, fully equipped with dining areas, charcoal grill, hot tub, and games for young children.  The private dock is only a 5-10 minute walk down the mountain and comes with a water slide, kayaks, and a fishing pier.
Please note, guests of the Misty Lake Overlook must adhere to all Misty Lake rules: Quiet hours are between 10pm-7am; no horseplay in the lake; life jackets must be worn at all times near the water.  Additional rental notes and requirements: the average guest age must be 30+; there will be a $1000 refundable service deposit to cover any damage or mess; there is only parking space for 2 cars; absolutely no parties allowed.


[User] What world need most from Human

[Assistant]
1. Cleanness
2. Population
3. More Greenery


[User] Why is Chicago known as the Windy City

[Assistant] Many believe that Chicago is known as the Windy City because it has harsh winters and strong cold winds off the shores of Lake Michigan. Even in the summer, the winds swirling off the lake can change the outcome of a baseball game at Wrigley Field.  While the weather pattern does in fact exist, Chicago is not the windiest city, nor is this the reason for the nickname. Many believe the term is a derogatory reference to  Chicago's vitriolic politics and self-important politicians who are  full of  hot air.  References to Chicago as the Windy City have been found all the way back to the late 1800s.


[System]
In the field of video compression a video frame is compressed using different algorithms with different advantages and disadvantages, centered mainly around amount of data compression. These different algorithms for video frames are called picture types or frame types. The three major picture types used in the different video algorithms are I, P and B. They are different in the following characteristics:

I‑frames are the least compressible but don't require other video frames to decode.
P‑frames can use data from previous frames to decompress and are more compressible than I‑frames.
B‑frames can use both previous and forward frames for data reference to get the highest amount of data compression.

Three types of pictures (or frames) are used in video compression: I, P, and B frames.

An I‑frame (Intra-coded picture) is a complete image, like a JPG or BMP image file.

A P‑frame (Predicted picture) holds only the changes in the image from the previous frame. For example, in a scene where a car moves across a stationary background, only the car's movements need to be encoded. The encoder does not need to store the unchanging background pixels in the P‑frame, thus saving space. P‑frames are also known as delta‑frames.

A B‑frame (Bidirectional predicted picture) saves even more space by using differences between the current frame and both the preceding and following frames to specify its content.

P and B frames are also called Inter frames. The order in which the I, P and B frames are arranged is called the Group of pictures.

[User] Briefly explain what are I frames, B frames, and P frames?

[Assistant] I frames, B frames, and P frames are video frame types used in video codecs. I frames can be decoded without reference to any other frames. They are self-contained descriptions of one frame of the video. P frames and B frames on the other hand reference other frames and must be decoded after the frames they reference have been decoded. P frames only reference frames from earlier in the video whereas B frames can reference frames from earlier or later. Decoding B frames therefore requires decoding the video frames in an order different from the playback order.


[User] How does the Harvard housing system work?

[Assistant] First-Year students live in one of the seventeen dormitories located in and around Harvard Yard. Rooms are assigned based on a brief survey sent to admitted students. The survey asks questions like “How many roommates do you want?”, “How comfortable are you with noise?”, and “What type of music do you listen to?”. After the first year, the majority of students move into one of the twelve residential Houses. Houses are assigned in March of a student’s first year. Rather than randomly assigning individual students to houses and scattering close friends, students can assemble into “blocking groups” of no greater than 8 students and each group is randomly assigned to a House. If 8 friends aren’t enough, two blocking groups can link themselves in the lottery. Linked groups will not be assigned the same House but are guaranteed to be assigned the same Neighborhood (e.g. The Quad).


[User] What is a demand plan?

[Assistant] Demand planning is done with a customer.  It is a planning process that lets sales and other teams develop forecasts around demand or future usage.  It helps with service planning, outage planning, planning for future revenue, and planning for future consumption.  It can also drive product roadmap development and deliverables.


[User] Create an itinerary for 3 days in Park City Utah that is good for children and adults. Include hotels, food options, one day of skiing and activities.

[Assistant]
Ok, here are three days for a family trip to Park city.

Day one:

- Go grocery shopping at Whole Food Market to pick up snacks, and food for lunches.
- Pick up rental skiing at Christy's for all adults and children whole are skiing.
- Eat dinner at River Horse Tavern on Main street.

Day two:
- Go skiing at Park City Resort. Purchase day passes in person or pre-purchase Epic passes online.
- Stop with the kids at Rocky Mountain Chocolate Company for a treat.
- Eat dinner at High Saloon on Park Avenue.

Day three:
- Go to Park City Library which has a kids' section.
- Shop at galleries, thrift stores, or gift shops on Main Street.
- Eat dinner at Butcher House Chops and Grill.


[User] What are the most popular sports in the United States of America?

[Assistant] The most popular sports in the United States of America are football, basketball, and baseball.  Football is sometimes referred to as "American football" because it has a similar sounding name to "futbol" which in the United States is called soccer.  Soccer is growing in popularity, but is not yet as popular in the United States as football, basketball, and baseball.  Professional events in each of these sports mean a lot to the people in the United States.  These events include the Super Bowl for football, the NBA finals for basketball, and the World Series for baseball.  Children in the United States often grow up playing one or more of these sports.  There are professional football, basketball, and baseball teams in many cities within the United States of America and even a few teams in Canada! Children and adults often idolize their favorite athletes in each of these sports.


[User] If Newton's first law says an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force, why does my spinning top stop spinning?

[Assistant] Your spinning top stops spinning because it is being acted on by outside forces. Specifically, your spinning top is losing energy due to friction with the ground and air. That energy is being lost to sound and heat as your spinning top pushes against the air in the room and rubs against the floor.


[User] What is an offside in football/soccer?

[Assistant] The offside rule in football states that, at the moment of a pass (i.e. when the ball leaves the passer's foot), there must be at least two opposing players (including the goalkeeper) behind the attacking player receiving the pass. If this condition is not met, the referee calls offside, which results on a free kick for the defending team.


[System] Lizzie McGuire is an American comedy television series created by Terri Minsky that premiered on Disney Channel on January 12, 2001. The series stars Hilary Duff as the titular character who learns to navigate the personal and social issues of her teenage years. Duff also voices an animated version of Lizzie that performs soliloquies to express the character's inner thoughts and emotions. The series also stars Lalaine, Adam Lamberg, Jake Thomas, Hallie Todd and Robert Carradine. The series concluded on February 14, 2004, after a total of 65 episodes were produced. A feature film based on the series, The Lizzie McGuire Movie, was released in 2003.

[User] What is the show Lizzie McGuire about?

[Assistant] Lizzie McGuire is a show premiered on Disney Channel about a character (Lizzie McGuire) navigating the personal and social issues of her teenage years.


[User] Where are most apples grown?

[Assistant] The United States is the second largest apple producer worldwide, behind China. U.S. production is followed by Poland, Italy and France. The United States grows approximately 200 unique apple varieties.


[User] Whats the difference between a sloop, a cutter, and a ketch?

[Assistant]
These are all categorizations of different types of sailing boats. A sloop is the most common. A sloop is a monohull sailboat with a single- rig mast supporting a main sail and and headsail. These are great boats to learn sailing on as their simple, easy to handle, and have great wind performance.

A cutter at first look is similar to a sloop in that it also has a single mast positioned near the middle of the boat. However, a cutter uses two headsails, instead of a mainsail and headsail, and generally includes a bowsprit. This allows the boat to have better stability in rough weather due to the headsails providing a lower center of gravity. The complex rigging makes this boat more challenging to sail than the sloop, but provides an excellent option for an experienced sailor.

A ketch has two masts. The main mast in the front stands taller than the mizzen mast behind it. The mizzen mast stands forward of the rudder post. The ketch has smaller sails and shorter masts. While this makes them slower than a sloop, they are very controllable in rough weather which makes them excellent boats for off shore sailing.


[System]
Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈhôːkʊn]; Haakon Magnus; born 20 July 1973) is the heir apparent to the Norwegian throne. He is the only son of King Harald V and Queen Sonja.

Haakon represents the fourth generation of the sitting Norwegian royal family of the House of Glücksburg. He married Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby, with whom he has two children, Princess Ingrid Alexandra and Prince Sverre Magnus.

Haakon has been a member of the Young Global Leaders network, its Foundation, a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations, and a philanthropist. He is a trained naval officer and, as crown prince, a top military official in the Norwegian Armed Forces. He holds a BA in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley, and an MSc in Development Studies from the London School of Economics.

[User] Give me a quick brief of the Prince of Norway

[Assistant]
Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway was born on July 20 1973 and is the heir apparent to the Norwegian throne. He is the only son of King Harald V and Queen Sonja.

Haakon represents the fourth generation of the sitting Norwegian royal family of the House of Glucksburg. He married Mette-Marit Tjessem Hoiby, with whom he has two children, Princess Ingrid Alexandra and Prince Sverre Magnus.

Haakon has been a member of the Young Global Leaders network, its Foundation, a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations, and a philanthropist. He is a trained naval officer and, as crown prince, a top military official in the Norwegian Armed Forces. He holds a BA in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley, and an MSc in Development Studies from the London School of Economics.


[User] Should technology and software coding subjects be mandatory in the curriculum of high school education?

[Assistant] Acknowledging the wide spread influence, impact, and disruption that enabling technologies are having on society and business, strong consideration should be made to modernize educational curriculums to include technology subjects. Objectives would be to improve awareness, exposure, and creative thinking to ultimately inspire further experimentation and innovation.  Related to requiring students to learn language, science and math topics, strong consideration should me made to require students to gain base awareness, knowledge and coding skills. These foundational skills will become building blocks necessary to achieve life long successes and influence the pace of innovation across all industries and career paths.


[User] Give me a list of Shakespeare's plays

[Assistant]
- Hamlet
- Romeo and Juliet
- King Lear
- Othello
- Titus Andronicus
- Love's Labour's Lost
- Twelfth Night
- A Midsummer Night's Dream
- A Winter's Tale
- The Tempest
- Troilus and Cressida
- Pericles
- Antony and Cleopatra
- All's Well That End's Well
- The Merchant of Venice
- Henry IV Part 1
- Henry IV Part 2
- Henry V
- Henry VI Part 1
- Henry VI Part 2
- Henry VI Part 3
- Henry VIII
- Richard II
- Richard III
- King John
- Julius Caesar
- As You Like It
- Macbeth
- The Merry Wives of Windsor
- Two Gentlemen of Verona
- The Taming of the Shrew
- Coriolanus
- Timon of Athens
- Much Ado About Nothing
- Cymbeline
- The Comedy of Errors
- Two Noble Kinsmen
- Measure for Measure


[User] What is american football?

[Assistant] American football is a an American sports.  Other countries use the term "football" to refer to soccer.  American football is a team sport and two opposing teams play against each other.  The objective of the game is to get a football to the end zone of the opponent.  If you can accomplish this you score a touchdown.  The ball moves down the field when players catch the ball, and run it opposite of their own end zone.  After they score they will get the opportunity to kick a field goal as well.


[User] Classify each of the following as either names or objects: Mike, car, paper, Roger, wheel, Will, lamp, Clara, Fabiana, Peter.

[Assistant] Car, paper, wheel and lamp are objects. The rest are names.


[System]
In 1974, Judith Stern joined the faculty of the University of California, Davis as an assistant professor in the Department of Nutrition. There her early research centered on differences in the adipose tissue of obese individuals – using Zucker rats as a research model. Eventually her research program grew to include human studies, focused on various obesity treatment regimens.

In 1995, Stern was elected to the National Academy of Medicine. At various points she was elected president of the NAASO (1992–1993, now The Obesity Society) and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition. Stern co-founded the American Obesity Association, an advocacy group that lobbied in favor of obesity research and treatment.

[User] Please list a few of the professional organizations that Judith Stern participated in during her career.

[Assistant] Some of the professional organizations that Judith Stern created or participated in are the National Academy of Medicine, the Obesity Society, and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition.


[System] Keanu Charles Reeves was born in Beirut, Lebanon, on September 2, 1964, the son of Patricia (née Taylor), a costume designer and performer, and Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. His mother is English, originating from Essex. His American father is from Hawaii, and is of Native Hawaiian, Chinese, English, Irish, and Portuguese descent. His grandmother from his father's side is Chinese Hawaiian. His mother was working in Beirut when she met his father, who abandoned his wife and family when Reeves was three years old. Reeves last met his father on the Hawaiian island of Kauai when he was 13.

[User] Where are Keanu Reeves and his parents from?

[Assistant] Keanu himself is from Lebanon, his mother is from the United Kingdom, and his father is from the United States.


[User] What is a bear in finance?

[Assistant] A bear is someone who expects share prices to fall in the future and sells shares now so that they can buy them back later at a lower price.


[User] Which of the following countries are in Asia: India, South Korea, Japan, United States of America, Morocco, New Zealand, Indonesia, Singapore, Mexico?

[Assistant] The Asian countries are - India, South Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Singapore.


[User] Why do we have seasons, and what are they?

[Assistant]
As the earth spins on its axis, producing night and day, it also moves about the sun in an elliptical (elongated circle) orbit that requires about 365 1/4 days to complete. The earth's spin axis is tilted with respect to its orbital plane. This is what causes the seasons.

There are four primary seasons: Spring, Summer, Autumn & Winter. The start dates of the seasons themselves are different depending on what hemisphere you're located in. Spring & Summer are the warmer seasons. Autumn is typically mild, and Winter is the coldest season of the year.


[System]
In 1961, Icahn began his career as a stockbroker for Dreyfus Corporation. In 1963, he became an options manager for Tessel, Patrick & Co. and then he moved to Gruntal & Co.

In 1968, with $150,000 of his own money and a $400,000 investment from his uncle, M. Elliot Schnall, Icahn bought a seat on the New York Stock Exchange and formed Icahn & Co., which focused on risk arbitrage and options trading.

In 1978, in his first takeover attempt, he took a controlling stake in Tappan and forced the sale of the company to Electrolux, making a profit of $2.7 million, or doubling his investment. In 1979, he acquired Bayswater Realty & Capital Corporation. In 1983, he acquired ACF Industries and in 1985 he sold those shares to Phillips Petroleum, making a $50 million profit.[failed verification]

In 1985, by pooling his funds with investor funds and funds borrowed from banks, Icahn acquired 50% of Trans World Airlines, and he completely acquired the company in a leveraged buyout in 1988. Icahn systematically sold TWA's assets to repay money he owed, which was described as "asset stripping" and made him known as a "corporate raider". In 1991, he sold TWA's London routes to American Airlines for $445 million. Icahn made a $469 million profit, and left TWA with $540 million in debt. He formed lowestfare.com to sell TWA tickets and acquired portions of Global Leisure Travel from Ramy El-Batrawi.

In October 1986, Icahn launched an unsuccessful $8 billion hostile takeover for 89% of U.S. Steel; the bid was dropped in January 1987. In 1991, he sold his stake in the company for $1 billion, making a $200 million profit.

[User] From the passage identify the years in which major events happened in Icahn’s business career. Display the results in comma separated format.

[Assistant] 1961, 1963,1968, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1987, 1991


[System] Caulerpa ellistoniae is a species of seaweed in the family Caulerpaceae.

[User] Does Caulerpa ellistoniae grow on land?

[Assistant] No, it grows in the sea because it is a species of seaweed.


[User] Can AI fully replace software engineer job?

[Assistant] AI can generate software code for a well described model. The general code may need software engineers to validate and evaluate it. It can help speed up software development, but for some complex product, it still needs software engineers to divide the development to many small modules and well define each module before AI can generate the software code for it. AI is a good tool to help software engineers, but it can't fully replace software engineer jobs


[System]
Carbonara (Italian: [karboˈnaːra]) is a Roman pasta dish made with eggs, hard cheese, cured pork and black pepper. The dish took its modern form and name in the middle of the 20th century.

The cheese is usually Pecorino Romano, Parmigiano-Reggiano, or a combination of the two. Spaghetti is the most common pasta, but fettuccine, rigatoni, linguine, or bucatini are also used. Normally guanciale or pancetta are used for the meat component,] but lardons of smoked bacon are a common substitute outside Italy.

[User] Extract the ingredients needed to make pasta carbonara. Separate them with a comma.

[Assistant] Eggs, hard cheese, cured pork, black pepper


[User] Give me a list of date night ideas that I've never done.

[Assistant]
For your next date night, you could:
- Take a pottery class.
- Find a paint and sip.
- Go axe throwing.
- Do a walking tour of the best taco joints in your city.
- Go to your local grocery store, pick snacks out for each other, and put on a movie you've never seen.


[User] What is Occupation Therapy.

[Assistant] Occupation Therapy helps make you independent to do the daily tasks that are important to your quality of life. Occupational therapists strive to help their patients improve your functional independence through various activities that are related to strengthening, balance, endurance.


[User] Where is the mountain pass Pen-y-Pass

[Assistant]
Pen-y-Pass is a mountain pass in Snowdonia, Gwynedd, north-west Wales. It is a popular location from which to walk up Snowdon, as three of the popular routes (the Miners Track, the Pyg Track and the ascent via Crib Goch) can be started here. Glyder Fawr, to the north, is also accessible from here.

Situated at the high point of the Llanberis Pass at an elevation of 359 metres (1,178 ft) – about a third of the height of Snowdon – the road was built in the 1830s to allow ore from the mines on Snowdon to be transported to Llanberis. It would be taken down the Miners Track to a store-house at Pen-y-Pass first. Previously, the miners had had to move the ore over the Snowdon summit and down to Beddgelert, which is located at around a third the height of Snowdon.


[System]
Lake Como (Italian: Lago di Como [ˈlaːɡo di ˈkɔːmo], locally [ˈkoːmo]; Western Lombard: Lagh de Còmm [ˈlɑː‿dːe ˈkɔm], Cómm [ˈkom] or Cùmm [ˈkum]), also known as Lario (Italian: [ˈlaːrjo]; after the Latin: Larius Lacus), is a lake of glacial origin in Lombardy, Italy. It has an area of 146 square kilometres (56 sq mi), making it the third-largest lake in Italy, after Lake Garda and Lake Maggiore. At over 400 metres (1,300 ft) deep, it is the fifth deepest lake in Europe, and the deepest outside Norway; the bottom of the lake is more than 200 metres (660 ft) below sea level.

Lake Como has been a popular retreat for aristocrats and wealthy people since Roman times, and a very popular tourist attraction with many artistic and cultural gems. It has many villas and palaces such as Villa Olmo, Villa Serbelloni, and Villa Carlotta. Many famous people have had and have homes on the shores of Lake Como.

One of its particularities is its "Y" shape, which forms the "Larian Triangle", with the little town of Canzo as its capital.

In 2014, The Huffington Post called it the most beautiful lake in the world for its microclimate and environment with prestigious villas and villages

[User] Where is Lake Como located?

[Assistant] Lake Como is located in the Lombardy region in Italy.


[User] Who sings the song call "heartbreak anniversary"?

[Assistant] Giveon


[System] There are many different types of cheese. Cheeses can be grouped or classified according to criteria such as length of fermentation, texture, methods of production, fat content, animal milk, and country or region of origin. The method most commonly and traditionally used is based on moisture content, which is then further narrowed down by fat content and curing or ripening methods. The criteria may either be used singly or in combination, with no single method being universally used.

[User] From the provided paragraph, write a bulleted list of how cheeses can be grouped.

[Assistant]
* Length of fermentation
* Texture
* Methods of production
* Fat content
* Animal milk
* Country or region of origin


[User] My dog is a 100lb pitbull purebreed. She's always barking at people when we walk her on the street. She's friendly, however, when outside with me or the kids, her bark is loud and deep. How can I get my dog to stop barking at strangers and remove her feeling of "threat"?

[Assistant] Ensure that when you walk her to use a prong collar. Ensure the collar is not loose on her neck, but high up and tight (cannot move easily) under her ear. This will make sure she doesn't take sudden movements and allow her to ensure that you will direct her whether the oncoming distraction is a threat.


[User] 5 Steps showcasing Yubi Key

[Assistant]
Multi-protocol security key secures modern and legacy systems
The YubiKey supports one-time passcodes (OTP)
The YubiKey enables smart card authentication
Enable modern authentication with FIDO U2F
Experience passwordless authentication with FIDO2


[User] What is the University of Georgia's mascot?

[Assistant] The University of Georgia's mascot is a bulldog.


[System] Teresa Giudice (/ˈdʒuːdɪtʃeɪ/ JOO-ditch-ay, Italian: [teˈrɛːza ˈdʒuːditʃe]; née Gorga; born May 18, 1972) is an American television personality best known for starring in The Real Housewives of New Jersey. Besides appearing on the show, Giudice wrote multiple New York Times bestseller cookbooks and was featured on Donald Trump's The Celebrity Apprentice 5 (2012).

[User] Who is Teresa Giudice?

[Assistant] Teresa Giudice is a reality TV star who is most famous for Bravo's The Real Housewives of New Jersey. She is also a New York Times best selling cookbook author who specializes in Italian cuisine.


[User] You are planning a trip and want to travel only in the Southern Hemisphere in the first half, and only the Northern Hemisphere in the second half. Sort the countries in your itinerary into 'Southern Hemisphere' and 'Northern Hemisphere'. Your itinerary includes: Fiji, Brazil, Australia, China, Argentina, India, Canada, and South Africa.

[Assistant] Most countries are in the Northern Hemisphere. These include: Brazil, China, India and Canada. Countries in the Southern Hemisphere are: Australia, South Africa, Argentina and Fiji.


[User] How can I become the best person?

[Assistant] To want to be the best person, you have to know who or what you want to compare yourself to. It is very advisable to compare yourself only with yourself. Where am I currently in life, what do I want to change and what goals do I want to achieve? Examples are: to have more friends, to be healthier, to develop a better contact with the children, to work less etc.. So the question should be: how can I become the best person I can be? It makes no sense to compare yourself with others. Only compare to yourself.


[System] Sam F.S. Chin (Chin Fan Siong, 曾帆祥, born August 1, 1954) is the Grandmaster and Gatekeeper of the martial art called I Liq Chuan, and also known as "the Martial Art of Awareness". Chin developed the grading system for this system.

[User] Who created the grading system for the I Liq Chuan martial art?

[Assistant] Sam F. S. Chin developed the grading system for the I Liq Chuan martial art.


[System] Singapore (/ˈsɪŋ(ɡ)əpɔːr/ (listen)), officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor to the north. The country's territory is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet; the combined area of these has increased by 25% since the country's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects. It has the third highest population density in the world. With a multicultural population and recognising the need to respect cultural identities of the major ethnic groups within the nation, Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. English is the lingua franca and numerous public services are available only in English. Multi-racialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape national policies in education, housing, and politics.

[User] What is the official name of Singapore?

[Assistant] The official name of Singapore is The Republic of Singapore


[System]
K2, at 8,611 metres (28,251 ft) above sea level, is the second-highest mountain on Earth, after Mount Everest (at 8,849 metres (29,032 ft)). It lies in the Karakoram range, partially in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan-administered Kashmir and partially in a China-administered territory Trans-Karakoram Tract included in the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County of Xinjiang.

K2 also became popularly known as the Savage Mountain after George Bell—a climber on the 1953 American expedition—told reporters, "It's a savage mountain that tries to kill you." Of the five highest mountains in the world, K2 is the deadliest; approximately one person dies on the mountain for every four who reach the summit. Also occasionally known as Mount Godwin-Austen, other nicknames for K2 are The King of Mountains and The Mountaineers' Mountain, as well as The Mountain of Mountains after prominent Italian climber Reinhold Messner titled his book about K2 the same.

The summit was reached for the first time by the Italian climbers Lino Lacedelli and Achille Compagnoni, on the 1954 Italian expedition led by Ardito Desio. In January 2021, K2 became the final eight-thousander to be summited in the winter; the mountaineering feat was accomplished by a team of Nepalese climbers, led by Nirmal Purja and Mingma Gyalje Sherpa.

K2 is the only 8,000+ metres (26,000+ ft) peak that has never been climbed from its eastern face. Ascents have almost always been made in July and August, which are typically the warmest times of the year; K2's more northern location makes it more susceptible to inclement and colder weather. The peak has now been climbed by almost all of its ridges. Although the summit of Everest is at a higher altitude, K2 is a more difficult and dangerous climb, due in part to its more inclement weather. As of February 2021, only 377 people have completed the ascent to its summit. There have been 91 deaths during attempted climbs.

There are a number of routes on K2, of somewhat different character, but they all share some key difficulties, the first being the extremely high altitude and resulting lack of oxygen: there is only one-third as much oxygen available to a climber on the summit of K2 as there is at sea level. The second is the propensity of the mountain to experience extreme storms of several days duration, which have resulted in many of the deaths on the peak. The third is the steep, exposed, and committing nature of all routes on the mountain, which makes retreat more difficult, especially during a storm. Despite many attempts the first successful winter ascents occurred only in 2021. All major climbing routes lie on the Pakistani side.[citation needed] The base camp is also located on the Pakistani side.

[User] Without quoting directly from the text, give me a rundown of the greatest risks from attempting to climb K2.

[Assistant] Although not as well-known as Mount Everest, K2 is the second highest mountain on earth and is arguably the most dangerous to climb.  In addition to the lack of oxygen experienced at such high altitudes, all routes to summit K2 are steep with significant exposure.  This exposure, combined with the mountain's propensity to experience extreme storms lasting for days, make for a deadly combination.  The extreme terrain and unpredictable weather leave little to no margin for error.


[User] Is Mount Fuji a mountain or a volcano?

[Assistant] Mount Fuji is a volcano which last erupted in 1707. It is the highest mountain in Japan at 3,776 meters tall. It is located in 2 prefectures: Yamanashi and Shizuoka and part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. It was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in June 2013.


[User] Give me a bullet list of 5 US states that have a coastline with the Pacific Ocean

[Assistant]
- California
- Oregon
- Washington
- Alaska
- Hawaii


[System]
This part is original to the 1951 book version. It takes place in 12,067 G.E. ("Galactic Era"). The story begins on Trantor, the capital of the 12,000-year-old Galactic Empire, powerful but slowly decaying. Hari Seldon, a mathematician and psychologist, has developed psychohistory, a new field of science and psychology that treats all possibilities in large societies by mathematics, allowing for the probabilistic prediction of future events.

By means of psychohistory, Seldon has discovered the decline and eventual fall of the Empire, angering the aristocratic members of the Commission of Public Safety, the de facto rulers of the Empire. The Commission considers Seldon's views and statements treasonous, and he is arrested along with the young mathematician Gaal Dornick, who has arrived on Trantor to join Seldon's group. Seldon is tried by the Commission; he defends his beliefs, explaining his theories and predictions, including his belief that the Empire will collapse in 300 years and while a Second Empire will eventually rise it will only come after a 30,000-year dark age. He informs the Commission that an alternative to this future is attainable and explains to them that creating a compendium of all human knowledge, the Encyclopedia Galactica, may not prevent the inevitable fall of the Empire but would reduce the dark age to one millennium.

The skeptical Commission, not wanting to make Seldon a martyr, offers him exile to a remote world, Terminus, with others who could help him create the Encyclopedia. He accepts their offer, prepares for the departure of the "Encyclopedists" and receives an imperial decree officially acknowledging his actions. Seldon informs Dornick that, despite the Empire's belief it won by exiling Seldon, the outcome was exactly what he had intended and hoped for. Terminus would be the home of the first Foundation while a second would be established "at Star's End." Seldon then reveals that he is dying, and implores Dornick to become a leader in the new Foundation.

[User] Extract the full names of characters in the text. List them separated by newlines.

[Assistant]
Hari Seldon
Gaal Dornick


[User] Write a letter to Dear Abby on relationship advice.

[Assistant]
Dear Abby,
I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to seek your advice as my relationship with my partner has gotten to an unbearable stage in the last few weeks and is weighing heavy on my mind. We have been together for seventeen years now. We love each other deeply but have been struggling to connect on a deeper level. I want this relationship to work more than anything in the world, but I am unsure where to start. I have tried talking to him about my feelings, but he seems to shrug me off at any attempt. It feels like the rock has set in.I look forward to hearing your thoughts.
Sincerely,
Mrs. Mavis.


[User] What is the capital of Finland and when was it founded?

[Assistant] The capital of Finland is Helsinki and it was founded on the 12th June, 1550. However Helsinki only became the Finnish capital in 1812. Before that the Finnish capital was Turku.


[User] How do you do a shuffle ball change tap move?

[Assistant] First, shuffle with your right foot, step back with on to the ball of your right foot.  Next, stomp with your whole left foot.  Repeat.


[User] What caused Covid 19?

[Assistant] The novel virus was first identified in an outbreak in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. Attempts to contain it there failed, allowing the virus to spread to other areas of Asia and later worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020, and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. As of 10 March 2023, the pandemic had caused more than 676 million cases and 6.88 million confirmed deaths, making it one of the deadliest in history.


[System]
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread. Its sites spanned an area from much of Pakistan, to northeast Afghanistan, and northwestern India. The civilisation flourished both in the alluvial plain of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial monsoon-fed rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the Ghaggar-Hakra, a seasonal river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.

The term Harappan is sometimes applied to the Indus civilisation after its type site Harappa, the first to be excavated early in the 20th century in what was then the Punjab province of British India and is now Punjab, Pakistan. The discovery of Harappa and soon afterwards Mohenjo-daro was the culmination of work that had begun after the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in the British Raj in 1861. There were earlier and later cultures called Early Harappan and Late Harappan in the same area. The early Harappan cultures were populated from Neolithic cultures, the earliest and best-known of which is Mehrgarh, in Balochistan, Pakistan. Harappan civilisation is sometimes called Mature Harappan to distinguish it from the earlier cultures.

The cities of the ancient Indus were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and techniques of handicraft and metallurgy. Mohenjo-daro and Harappa very likely grew to contain between 30,000 and 60,000 individuals, and the civilisation may have contained between one and five million individuals during its florescence. A gradual drying of the region during the 3rd millennium BCE may have been the initial stimulus for its urbanisation. Eventually it also reduced the water supply enough to cause the civilisation's demise and to disperse its population to the east.

Although over a thousand Mature Harappan sites have been reported and nearly a hundred excavated, there are five major urban centres: Mohenjo-daro in the lower Indus Valley (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980 as "Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro"), Harappa in the western Punjab region, Ganeriwala in the Cholistan Desert, Dholavira in western Gujarat (declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021 as "Dholavira: A Harappan City"), and Rakhigarhi in Haryana. The Harappan language is not directly attested, and its affiliation uncertain as the Indus script has remained undeciphered. A relationship with the Dravidian or Elamo-Dravidian language family is favoured by a section of scholars.

[User] From this paragraph, tell me how many people lived in Harappa.

[Assistant] Mohenjo-daro and Harappa together had a peak population of between 30,000 and 60,000 people


[System]
The race was held over the "international distance" and consisted of 1,500 metres (0.93 mi) swimming, 40 kilometres (25 mi), road bicycling, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) road running.
The winner Reinaldo Colucci of Brazil qualifies to compete in the triathlon competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain.

[User] who was the winner of the race?

[Assistant] The winner was Reinaldo Colucci from Brazil.


[User] What are the only three ingredients to make authentic Chantilly cream?

[Assistant] Cream (containing at least 30% fat), icing sugar, and vanilla


[User] What are the strongest commonalities between Quakerism and Buddhism?

[Assistant] Both groups are proponents of violence are most most commonly pacifists. Long moments of silence are key components of the "worship service" they practice. Simplicity and acceptance are crucial to the DNA of both belief systems.


[User] What mode of transport is stereotypically associated with San Francisco?

[Assistant] The cable car is a famous type of transport in San Francisco


[User] Is a vitamin d supplement good for you?

[Assistant] When taken on a regular basis Vitamin D helps support immune health and cellular activity.  It has also been show to support cardiovascular function is some people and can reduce your risk for multiple sclerosis.  You can also get Vitamin D by spending plenty of time in sun.  You can absorb Vitamin D from a healthy dose of sunshine through your skin too.


[User] How is interest paid on a series I bond?

[Assistant] Interest is paid through compounding effect. Unlike most bonds which pay "coupons" that are attached to the bond, series I bonds will pay via compounding interest accrued.


[User] Give me a list of the best takeaway foods when youre hungry.

[Assistant] Burgers, pizza, tacos, sandwiches, pasta and bento boxes.


[System] Harold Brainerd Hersey (April 11, 1893 – March 1956) was an American pulp editor and publisher, publishing several volumes of poetry. His pulp industry observations were published in hardback as Pulpwood Editor (1937).

[User] Given this paragraph about Harold Brainerd Hersey, what did he do and when were his observations published?

[Assistant] Harold Brainerd Herse was an American pulp editor and publisher. His observations were published in 1937.


[System]
A series of civil unrest incidents began in France on 19 January 2023, organised by opponents of the pension reform bill proposed by the Borne government, which would increase the retirement age from 62 to 64 years old. The strikes have led to widespread disruption, including garbage piling up in the streets and public transport cancellations. In March, the government used Article 49.3 of the constitution to force the bill through the French Parliament, sparking more protests and two failed no confidence votes, contributing to an increase in violence in protests alongside the union-organised strike action.
Several organizations, including human rights groups such as Reporters Without Borders and France's Human Rights League condemned France's crackdown on protests and also denounced the assault on journalists. In addition, the Council of Europe also criticised the "excessive use of force by agents of the state".

[User] What provoked the civil unrest incidents which started in 19th January 2023 in France based on the below passage?

[Assistant] The civil unrest in France on 19 January 2023 was provoked by the new proposal from the Borne government to increase retirement age.The current retirement age is 62, which is proposed to be increased to 64. Opponents of the bill organised protests against the government who used Article 49.3 of the constitution to force the bill through the parliament .


[User] What is the best book to read about the Battle of Stalingrad?

[Assistant] There are a lot of great books that go into great detail about the battle of Stalingrad. "Dogs, Do You Want to Live Forever" by Fritz Wöss is a good choice if you like fiction. If you like essays, try Stalingrad by Antony Beevor or "Stalingrad, the Battle as Seen by the Germans" by British WWII expert Jonathan Trigg.


[System]
"Satoshi Nakamoto is the name used by the presumed inventors of Bitcoin. It is probably a pseudonym or nom de plume for the creator.

The anonymous programmer, Satoshi Nakamoto allegedly developed bitcoin, authored the bitcoin white paper, and created how it was to be used. As part of the implementation, Nakamoto devised the first blockchain database, this has been confirmed. They were active in developing bitcoin until December 2010. Many people have claimed, or have been claimed, to be Nakamoto. Nakamoto's BTC wallet worth approx. 1 million BTC (48 billion USD) or 5% of all BTC mined to this day, was activated in December 2021 after 10 years. Before this it was last activated 17 May 2010."

[User] Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?

[Assistant] Satoshi Nakamoto is the name used by the presumed inventors of Bitcoin. It is probably a pseudonym or nom de plume for the creator.


[System]
Hera (Ἥρα, Hḗra)

Queen of the gods, and goddess of women, marriage, childbirth, heirs, kings, and empires. She is the goddess of the sky, the wife and sister of Zeus, and the daughter of Cronus and Rhea. She was usually depicted as a regal woman in the prime of her life, wearing a diadem and veil and holding a lotus-tipped staff. Although she is the goddess of marriage, Zeus's many infidelities drive her to jealousy and vengefulness. Her sacred animals include the heifer, the peacock, and the cuckoo. Her Roman counterpart is Juno.

[User] From the passage identify the sacred animals of Hera. Display the results in a comma separated format.

[Assistant] heifer, the peacock, the cuckoo


[System]
Mýrdalsjökull (pronounced [ˈmirˌtalsˌjœːkʏtl̥] (listen), Icelandic for "(the) mire dale glacier" or "(the) mire valley glacier") is an ice cap in the south of Iceland. It is to the north of Vík í Mýrdal and to the east of the smaller ice cap Eyjafjallajökull. Between these two glaciers is Fimmvörðuháls pass. Its peak reaches 1,493 m (4,898 ft) in height and in the year 1980 it covered an area of approximately 595 km2 (230 sq mi).
The icecap of the glacier covers an active volcano called Katla. The caldera of the volcano has a diameter of 10 km (6 mi) and the volcano erupts usually every 40–80 years. The last eruption took place in 1918. Scientists are actively monitoring the volcano, particularly after the eruption of nearby Eyjafjallajökull began in April 2010. Since the year 930, 16 eruptions have been documented.
The Eldgjá, a volcanic eruption fissure about 30 km (19 mi) long, which erupted in the year 936, is part of the same volcanic system.
Before the Hringvegur (the main ring road round the island) was built, people feared traversing the plains in front of the volcano because of the frequent jökulhlaups (glacial floods) and the deep rivers to be crossed, although the road is still vulnerable to major events. Especially dangerous was the glacial flood after the eruption of 1918 when the coastline was extended by 5 km (3.1 mi) by laharic flood deposits.
Mýrdalsjökull is an exceedingly wet location, with models suggesting it receives more than 10 metres of precipitation annually.

[User] Given the following text, what is Mýrdalsjökull, which country is it located in,  how much rain or snow does it receive each year?

[Assistant]
What: an ice cap
Country: Iceland
rain or snow per year: 10 meters annually


[User] Give me a list of horror/thriller books to read

[Assistant]
The books of Blood by Clive Barker
A Lush and Seething Hell by John Hornor Jacobs
The Method by James Patterson
Dracula by Bram Stoker
Tender is the Flesh by Agustina Bazrerrica
Salem's Lot by Stephen King


[User] How long does it take our sun to orbit the center of our galaxy

[Assistant] 230 million years!


[User] What are 3 ways I can do to feel better if I am in a bad mood?

[Assistant] I'm sorry you are in a bad mood.  You can try going outside for a walk, go to the gym and workout, or take a hot bath.  Feel well soon.


[User] Name some  active NBA famous players

[Assistant] Some active NBA famous players are Lebron James, Luka Doncic, Joel Embiid, Nikola Jokic ,  Kawhi Leonard, Zion Williamson, Kevin Durant


[System] Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (German: Otto Fürst von Bismarck, Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen, Herzog zu Lauenburg, pronounced [ˈɔtoː fɔn ˈbɪsmaʁk] (listen); 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, was a Prussian and later German statesman and diplomat. From his origins in the upper class of Junker landowners, Bismarck rose rapidly in Prussian politics, and from 1862 to 1890 he was the minister president and foreign minister of Prussia. Before his rise to the executive, he was the Prussian ambassador to Russia and France and served in both houses of the Prussian parliament. He masterminded the unification of Germany in 1871 and served as the first chancellor of the German Empire until 1890, in which capacity he dominated European affairs. He had served as chancellor of the North German Confederation from 1867 to 1871, alongside his responsibilities in the Kingdom of Prussia. He cooperated with King Wilhelm I of Prussia to unify the various German states, a partnership that would last for the rest of Wilhelm's life. The King granted Bismarck the titles of Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen in 1865 and Prince of Bismarck in 1871. Bismarck provoked three short, decisive wars against Denmark, Austria, and France. Following the victory against Austria, he abolished the supranational German Confederation and instead formed the North German Confederation as the first German national state, aligning the smaller North German states behind Prussia, while excluding Austria. Receiving the support of the independent South German states in the Confederation's defeat of France, he formed the German Empire – which also excluded Austria – and united Germany.

[User] Who was Otto von Bismarck?

[Assistant] Otto von Bismarck was a Prussian and German soldier, statesman and diplomat who was largely responsible for Prussian unification with German as well as securing and ensuring its position through diplomacy.


[User] I'd like a list of the last five Prime Ministers of New Zealand. Give it to me in a bulleted list with the format <name> (<start date> - <end date>)

[Assistant]
Here is a list of the last five Prime Ministers of New Zealand:
- Chris Hipkins (25 January 2023 - now)
- Jacinda Ardern (26 October 2017 - 25 January 2023)
- Bill English (12 December 2016 - 26 October 2017)
- John Key (19 November 2008 - 12 December 2016)
- Helen Clark (10 December 1999 - 19 November 2008)


[System] The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,495 square kilometres (93,628 sq mi), with an estimated 2023 population of over 68 million people.

[User] List the countries that are a part of UK.

[Assistant] England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.


[User] What do vaccines do?

[Assistant] Vaccines expose the immune system to a small amount of a disease so that the immune system learns how to fight it. This prevents the patient from getting the actual disease in the future


[User] Which is a bird or fish: Red grouse, Red grouper

[Assistant] Red grouse is a bird, Red grouper is a fish


[System]
Dataminr was founded in 2009 by Yale University graduates Ted Bailey, Sam Hendel and Jeff Kinsey. Dataminr came to wider notice when it issued an alert that Osama bin Laden had been killed 23 minutes faster than major news organizations.

In 2014, Datamnr entered into a partnership with CNN and Twitter, resulting in Dataminr for News, a tool to "alert journalists to information that’s emerging on Twitter in real time."

On December 30, 2019, Dataminr claimed to have detected the first signals of the COVID-19 outbreak within public social media posts.[citation needed] The company went on to detect clusters indicating future spikes in 14 different US states. Seven days later, all 14 states were hit hard by the coronavirus. Dataminr partnered with the UN in May 2019 to equip thousands of UN personnel with Dataminr’s First Alert product for the public sector.

Dataminr's social media intelligence contract for the FBI was taken over by Zerofox at the end of 2020.

On the morning of January 5, 2021, Dataminr warned Capitol security officials of troubling online public chatter that would soon become the January 6 riot.

In July 2021, Dataminr conducted its first M&A transaction when it acquired WatchKeeper, a UK-based geovisualization platform. In the acquisition, Dataminr combined WatchKeeper’s geovisualized data layers with its Pulse platform to provide context around events. A few months later, in October 2021, Dataminr acquired Krizo, a real-time crisis response platform based in Copenhagen, Denmark.

The company ranked #5 on the Forbes AI 50 List in 2019 and was the winner of an 2019 AI Breakthrough Award for Best Overall AI Solution. In 2020, Dataminr was named to Forbes Cloud 100, and Deloitte Technology Fast 500, ‘Most Innovative Use of AI’ at the 2020 AI & Machine Learning Awards.

In 2020, Dataminr’s AI team had published several papers including, “Unsupervised Detection of Sub-Events in Large Scale Disasters,” for the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence quarterly journal; “Multimodal Categorization of Crisis Events in Social Media,” for Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2020; “Clustering of Social Media Messages for Humanitarian Aid Response during Crisis,” for AI for Social Good, and “The ApposCorpus: A new multilingual, multi-domain dataset for factual appositive generation,” for COLING 2020.

In late 2021, the company announced the appointment of Cristina Bita to its board of directors and as chairwoman of the audit committee.

[User] How long has Dataminr been operating and who are their customers?

[Assistant] Dataminr was founded in 2009 so it has been operating for 14 years. Dataminr sells to variety of organisations in the public and private sector such as the UN and journalists from new media organisations.


[User] Write a paragraph about the best things to do while vacationing in Palm Springs, California.

[Assistant] Palm Springs, California is a popular vacation destination for visitors from all over the world. It features a vibrant downtown shopping district and many opportunities for exploring the Sonoran Desert desert habitat. Visitors can enjoy a wide range of restaurant fare and many exciting attractions. The city is well known for its annual Modernism Week, when the city is packed with visitors touring the city's remarkable collection of mid-century modern homes and buildings. Throughout the surrounding Coachella Valley, visitors also have many options for golf, hiking, biking, and horseback riding. The city is surrounded by national parks and landmarks, and is about an hour's drive from one of the nation's most popular parks: Joshua Tree National Park.


[User] Tell a story with the following: A guy that lives in San Jose California, he is a data scientist, he is in his mid 40's and he is aspiring to build an LLM model that will change the world

[Assistant]
John is a data scientist living in San Jose California. He is in his mid 40s and has always been passionate about data science. He has always dreamed of creating a model that would revolutionize the world, but he has been struggling to find the right approach.

One day, John stumbled across a book that discussed a new way of approaching data science. He read it and was amazed by the concepts presented in the book. He immediately started to apply the ideas in the book and soon realized that he had found his calling. He quickly put together an LLM model that was capable of solving some of the most difficult data science problems.

John shared his model with the world and it quickly became a success. He was able to solve some of the most complex data science problems and he was able to prove that his model was better than any other model available. John was able to change the world and he is now considered one of the most successful data scientists in the world.


[User] What are all of the professional football teams in the state of California?

[Assistant] The professional football teams in the state of California are the Los Angeles Rams, Los Angeles Chargers, and San Francisco 49ers.


[User] You were abducted by aliens and experimented on, you were sent back to earth with the knowledge and ability to solve any problem on earth

[Assistant] Now that I have returned to earth with extreme knowledge and power, I have the ability to solve any problem in the world. I will start with antigravity enabling space travel for all. I will then discover the secret to longevity. I will answer the uncertainties of the world such as how the Pyramids came to be, lost civilizations, nuclear fusion and global warming. Finally, to make my millions, I will reverse male balding.


[User] Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Boomerang, Captain Boomerang

[Assistant] Boomerang is Marvel, Captain Boomerang is DC


[System] The siege of Béxar (or Béjar) was an early campaign of the Texas Revolution in which a volunteer Texian army defeated Mexican forces at San Antonio de Béxar (now San Antonio, Texas). Texians had become disillusioned with the Mexican government as President and General Antonio López de Santa Anna's tenure became increasingly dictatorial. In early October 1835, Texas settlers gathered in Gonzales to stop Mexican troops from reclaiming a small cannon. The resulting skirmish, known as the Battle of Gonzales, launched the Texas Revolution. Men continued to assemble in Gonzales and soon established the Texian Army. Despite a lack of military training, well-respected local leader General Stephen F. Austin was elected commander.

[User] Given this paragraph, who was the President of Mexico during the seige of Bexar?

[Assistant] Based on this text, during the seige of Bexar Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was the President of Mexico.


[User] What are the four great inventions of Ancient China?

[Assistant] The four great inventions of ancient China are paper-making, printing, gunpowder and compass. Paper that was most similar to modern materials, was first invented by a court official named Cai Lun in the early 2nd century China. It was relatively cheap, light and suitable for brush writing, and was produced using bark, rags, wheat stalks and other materials. As for printing, the first book with a verifiable date of printing was a Buddhist sutra that was printed in the Tang Dynasty, around the year of 868. The use of gunpowder technique was first discovered by Chinese monks in the 9th century CE, during their quest for a life-extending elixir. Last but not least, one of the first books to describe the magnetic compass was written by Shen Kuo in the Song Dynasty, 11th Century CE.


[System]
The Island Packet 27 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with teak wood trim and a teak and holly cabin sole. It is a Cutter-rigged sloop; with a spooned raked stem; a vertical transom; a rudder mounted to the keel, controlled by a wheel and a fixed long keel or optional long keel and centerboard. It displaces 8,000 lb (3,629 kg) and carries 3,000 lb (1,361 kg) of ballast.

The keel-equipped version of the boat has a draft of 3.70 ft (1.13 m), while the centerboard-equipped version has a draft of 6.0 ft (1.8 m) with the centerboard extended and 2.67 ft (0.81 m) with it retracted.

The boat is fitted with a Japanese Yanmar diesel engine of 18 hp (13 kW). The fuel tank holds 19 U.S. gallons (72 L; 16 imp gal) and the fresh water tank has a capacity of 31 U.S. gallons (120 L; 26 imp gal).

The mainsheet traveler is on the rear taffrail. The cockpit features two jib winches and two halyard winches. The cockpit has room for eight adults and includes an icebox. There is a bowsprit with an anchor roller.

The galley is located on the port side of the boat and includes a two-burner alcohol-fired stove and optional pressure water supply. The head is located just aft of the forward "V"-berth, on the starboard side. Additional sleeping accommodation is provided by a cabin settee, which converts to a double berth, plus a single berth to port. The cabin table folds up against the bulkhead.

Cabin ventilation consists of six opening ports and a forward hatch.

[User] Extract all the weights and measures from the text

[Assistant]
8000 lb / 3629 kg
3000 lb / 1361 kg
3.70 ft / 1.13 m
6.0 ft / 1.8 m
2.67 ft / 0.81m
18 hp / 13 kW
19 US gallons / 72 L / 16 imp gal
31 US gallons / 120 L / 26 imp gal


[System]
Alpha Phi International Women's Fraternity (ΑΦ, also known as APhi) is an international sorority with 172 active chapters and over 250,000 initiated members.

Founded at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York on September 18, 1872, it is the fourth Greek-letter organization founded for women, and the first women's fraternity founded in the northeast.

Alpha Phi is a member of the National Panhellenic Conference, the governing council of 26 women's fraternities. Alpha Phi's international headquarters are located in Evanston, Illinois.

[User] Summarize what Alpha Phi is.

[Assistant] Alpha Phi is one of the first women's fraternities founded in the Northeast. They have over 172 active chapters at College campuses and over 250,000 initiated members. Alpha Phi was founded at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York on September 18, 1872.


[User] Who won man booker International prize 2018?

[Assistant] Polish author Olga Tokarczuk


[System] Schechter was born in Boston and grew up in Brookline, Massachusetts and New York City. Her father, Danny Schechter, a grandson of Russian-Jewish immigrant socialists, was a human rights activist, author, filmmaker and television producer.

[User] Where was Sarah Schechter born?

[Assistant] Sarah Schechter was born in Boston, Massachusetts.


[User] Why is pickleball so popular in the US right now?

[Assistant] Pickleball is easy to learn. Compared to tennis, it requires less strength and skills to play. It also takes up less space to set up a pickleball court. It does not create forearm tightness like tennis. It is a good sport for all ages.


[System] Machu Picchu is both a cultural and natural UNESCO World Heritage Site. Since its rediscovery in 1911, growing numbers of tourists have visited the site each year, with numbers exceeding 1.4 million in 2017. As Peru's most visited tourist attraction, and a major revenue generator, it is continually exposed to economic and commercial forces. In the late 1990s, the Peruvian government granted concessions to allow the construction of a cable car and a luxury hotel, including a tourist complex with boutiques and restaurants and a bridge to the site. Many people protested the plans, including Peruvians and foreign scientists, saying that more visitors would pose a physical burden on the ruins. In 2018, plans were restarted to again construct a cable car to encourage Peruvians to visit Machu Picchu and boost domestic tourism. A no-fly zone exists above the area. UNESCO is considering putting Machu Picchu on its List of World Heritage in Danger.

[User] Given this paragraph, what is Peru's most popular tourist attraction and how many people visit it every year?

[Assistant] Machu Picchu is Peru's most visited tourist attraction, and a considerable number of people visit it every year. My data shows 1.4 million people visited Machu Picchu in the year 2017.


[User] Best Actress Award in Drama series in 27th Screen Actors Guild(SAG) Awards was won by  whom?

[Assistant] Gillian Anderson for her performance as Margaret Thatcher


[User] Can you suggest 5 ways to use a Katana other than a weapon ?

[Assistant]
1. The Katana in its' sheath can be used as a walking stick
2. Used to removed overgrown foliage.
3. Can presented as a gift
4. Decorative purposes for your office, house or vehicle
5. Fancy dress events


[System] A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. This includes both crewed and robotic missions. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959.

[User] What is the definition of a moon landing

[Assistant]
A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. This includes both crewed and robotic missions. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959.

The United States' Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969. There were six crewed U.S. landings between 1969 and 1972, and numerous uncrewed landings, with no soft landings happening between 22 August 1976 and 14 December 2013.

The United States is the only country to have successfully conducted crewed missions to the Moon, with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972. All soft landings took place on the near side of the Moon until 3 January 2019, when the Chinese Chang'e 4 spacecraft made the first landing on the far side of the Moon.


[System] A Half-pistole was a Scottish gold coin minted in 1701 under the reign of King William III. Along with the Pistole it was one of last gold coin minted for the Kingdom of Scotland before the Acts of Union 1707. The Half-pistole was equal to 6 Scottish pounds with an approximate value equal to the British Half guinea.

[User] According to this article, how many Scottish pounds would four Half-pistole be worth?

[Assistant] Four Half-pistole would be worth twenty-four (24) Scottish pounds. Each Half-pistole is 6 Scottish pounds and 6 x 4 = 24.


[User] Pupik means belly button in what language

[Assistant] Yiddish


[User] Can you help me avoid credit card debt?

[Assistant]
Here are some strategies to avoid credit card debt:

1. Set a monthly spending budget and stay within it.
2. Always pay off your entire credit card bill each month.
3. Identify areas where you can reduce your spend (eating out, gifts, etc.)


[User] In what year were the first Air Jordan sneakers released?

[Assistant] 1984.


[User] Why are cats better than dogs?

[Assistant]
First, let me say that the question represents my own, personal, subjective opinion.  I also adore dogs, just not as much as cats.  I am fully a cat person.
The cat, though.  I am humbled by the task of trying to accurately capture in words the mystery of these beautiful creatures who have chosen to enslave humans.  So instead, because I am also trying to train a model, I will just use a lot of unnecessary adjectives and that will have to do.
Cats have been around humans for a long long time.  I remember as a kid having a book that talked about how in Ancient Egypt cats were revered as holy creatures and kept in luxury in temples of Baast.  The first known evidence of cat domestication is the excavation of a Neolithic grave in Cyprus.  The thing I adore about cats is that they basically haven’t bothered to change themselves since then.  They just carried on being slightly aloof and mysterious, but also affectionate and playful when they feel like it.  And imperious and demanding, of course.
Cats are incredible communicators.  They have learned to meow at humans because they realised we respond to meows, even though you will very rarely hear a cat meow at another cat (the indignity!).  Meows and chirps are the special condescending language cats developed to communicate with an inferior species.  My own cat can make crystal clear what he wants with looks, body language and the odd meow when he can be bothered.  He is also a total drama queen and obviously manipulative.  If he wants food he will try the ‘I’m hungry’ meow first and if that doesn’t work we get the full on “I’m starving, this is a tragedy, I will die almost immediately if I don’t get food right now”.  I am full of respect for the cats’ ability to manipulate humans and the shamelessness with which they do this.
Cats are also super independent compared to dogs.  No need for walks, no need for the dreaded poo bags, no need for expensive care every time you want to go away for a night.  They love their humans but 100% on their own terms.
Cats are adorable and cute.  I can’t stress this enough.  Ever seen a cat roll over so you can see its fluffy belly.  How can you not melt.  Ever had a cat make biscuits on your lap (or in the air).  Cuteness overload.  They are even cute when they are mad.  And most cats I’ve met know how to gently tell you what affection is allowed and what isn’t (illegal belly rubs).  They will bat you with a paw, but the claws will be in.  And a cat purring on your lap is the single most relaxing thing in the whole world.
The Swedish word for ‘cat’ is ‘kattepus’.  That in itself seems a really great reason why cats are better than dogs.
The last word goes to Terry Pratchett, author of the Discworld novels, who wrote ‘In ancient times cats were worshipped as gods; they have not forgotten this’.  And neither should we.


[User] What is a computer?

[Assistant] A computer is an electronic device that generates output from input by the user. A computer can have a visual display to show user input as well as output. Modern computers have lot of sophisticated parts which includes a monitor for display, a keyboard for typing input, a mouse for browsing and CPU for processing the input.


[System] Barcelona is one of three founding members of the top division that have never been relegated from the top division since its inception in 1929, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first Spanish football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, by also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup, and FIFA Club World Cup.

[User] Extract all the football competitions mentioned in the passage and present them using bullet points.

[Assistant]
- La Liga
- Copa del Rey
- UEFA Champions League
- Spanish Super Cup
- UEFA Super Cup
- FIFA Club World Cup


[User] Give me a few recipes you could make with bread, butter, eggs, and cheese where I have a stovetop, toaster, and a frying pan.

[Assistant]
Here are a few recipes you could make with the ingredients and tools you mentioned.
1. Grilled cheese and sunny-side up eggs:
Warm up your frying pan on the stove top. Heat a small amount of butter on the frying pan until melted and then place two slices of bread side-by-side into the pan. Place cheese on one slice of bread and heat until bread is crispy and cheese has started to melt. Then cover the slice of bread with melted cheese with the other slice of bread and remove from the frying pan.

Gently crack an egg and place it into the frying pan. Cook until the egg whites are hardened. You may then cook until the yolks are of your desired consistency.
2. Toast and cheese omelette:
Place bread into toaster and cook to desired level. Spread desired amount of butter on bread.

Warm up your frying pan on the stove top. Heat a small amount of butter on the frying pan until melted. In the meantime, gently crack eggs into a bowl and whisk eggs. Place whisked eggs into heated frying pan until eggs have started to harden. Place cheese onto eggs and fold.
3. Scrambled eggs with toast:
Place bread into toaster and cook to desired level. Spread desired amount of butter on bread.

Warm up your frying pan on the stove top. Heat a small amount of butter on the frying pan until melted. In the meantime, gently crack eggs into a bowl and whisk eggs. Place whisked eggs into heated frying pan and consistently mix. Place cheese into pan and continue mixing until eggs set.


[User] True or false, Chesapeake Bay Crab Spice are a flavor of Lays potato chip?

[Assistant] As hard as it may be to believe, Chesapeake Bay Crab Spice is a Lays potato chip flavor.


[User] What are the benefits of audio books over physical books?

[Assistant] Audio books can be beneficial for multiple reasons. For one, the exist digitally on your phone in the cloud so there is no physical book that would need to be carried around. This makes is much easier for the listener to have a book with them without carrying a physical book. Additionally, audio books can be consumed when someone is not able to hold a physical book like when they are driving or riding a bike. This allows the reader to enjoy a book during a variety of activities. These are a few reasons why some people enjoy audio books.


[System]
The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and the objects that orbit it. It formed 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority (99.86%) of the system's mass is in the Sun, with most of the remaining mass contained in the planet Jupiter. The planetary system around the Sun contains eight planets. The four inner system planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars—are terrestrial planets, being composed primarily of rock and metal. The four giant planets of the outer system are substantially larger and more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest, Jupiter and Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the next two, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants, being composed mostly of volatile substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen and helium, such as water, ammonia, and methane. All eight planets have nearly circular orbits that lie near the plane of Earth's orbit, called the ecliptic.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System

[User] Based on this paragraph, which two objects account for the majority of the mass of the Solar System?

[Assistant] Based on this paragraph, the Sun and Jupiter are the two objects that account for the majority of the mass of the Solar System, with the Sun responsible for 99.86% of the total.


[User] What are some of the main themes of Jane Eyre

[Assistant] Some of the main themes of Jane Eyre are social class, love, family, dependence and independence, personal discovery and growth.  There are also themes of religion, pride, duty to society and personal morality


[User] how do I learn flute?

[Assistant]
Flute is a musical instrument. It requires a lot of practices to play it well. Here are a few ways:

find a good teacher that has rich experience about how to gradually play with it and follow instructions

find materials online about different people's learning schedule and experiences

practice a lot. practice makes perfect. and continuous practice is more important

Also another important thing is to love it and enjoy the learning experience. It creates the intrinsic motivation which is more important.


[System]
Dynamite!! 2010 was a mixed martial arts and kickboxing event in the annual New Year's Eve event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group that took place on December 31, 2010 at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan. The event included bouts that encompass the DREAM, K-1 and K-1 World MAX banners. Just as the previous Dynamite!! 2009, with the official commentator Nozomi Sasaki, the event aired on TBS in Japan and HDNet in North America.

Background
FEG president Tanikawa had stated that the company planned on holding an event together with Sengoku Raiden Championship and this event may have a similar DREAM vs SRC format as Dynamite!! 2009. However, this did not happen as SRC held its own event, World Victory Road Presents: Soul of Fight.

Tanikawa has also stated that this Dynamite!! event will most likely be shortened (to around three hours) and the annual K-1 Koshien tournament will not take place at this event.

The title fight between Bibiano Fernandes and Hiroyuki Takaya was the last in the 63 kg. (139 lbs) weight class before it gets broken into the standard MMA bantamweight and featherweight divisions. DREAM plans on holding a Grand Prix in whichever of the two weight classes the champion does not decide to fight in. After winning the title, Hiroyuki Takaya stated that he would become the Featherweight (145 lbs) Champion.

The Aoki/Nagashima fight was first announced that there would be an alternate of four rounds, with one round under MMA rules and the next round, then they will change gloves and, fight under kickboxing rules. A coin toss will determine what rules they start under. However, it has later announced that the fight will feature one three-minute kickboxing round, followed by a standard five-minute MMA round. The fighters used open-fingered gloves throughout. If no winner were decided in the eight minutes of competition, the fight would have been declared an automatic draw.

A fight between Bob Sapp and Shinichi Suzukawa in a super-heavyweight “IGF rules” bout was set to feature a rule set similar to MMA, but with no closed fist strikes. However, the fight was canceled due to Sapp attempting to re-negotiate his contract backstage prior to the event and eventually electing to withdraw from the contest.

[User] Wha is the Dynamite!! 2010

[Assistant]
The Dynamite!! 2010 was a mixed martial arts and kickboxing event in the annual New Year's Eve event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group that took place on December 31, 2010 at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan.

The event included bouts that encompass the DREAM, K-1 and K-1 World MAX banners. Just as the previous Dynamite!! 2009, with the official commentator Nozomi Sasaki, the event aired on TBS in Japan and HDNet in North America.


[System] Subtitled Explorations into Microtonal Tuning, Volume 1, the album is recorded in quarter tone tuning, where an octave is divided into 24 (logarithmically) equal-distanced quarter tones; it was originally conceived to play on a baglama, so the band members used instruments specifically modified for microtonal tuning, as well as other Middle-Eastern instruments like the zurna. The name "Flying Microtonal Banana" comes from Stu Mackenzie's custom-built yellow guitar, fitted with additional microtonal frets.

[User] What is the meaning of the album title "Flying Microtonal Banana", by King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard?

[Assistant] The title of the album "Flying Microtonal Banana" comes from the name of Stu Mackenzie's custom yellow guitar, fitted with microtonal frets. The guitar was built to use quarter tone tuning, in which the octave is divided into 24 equal-distanced tones.


[System] Pinot noir's home is France's Burgundy region, particularly Côte-d'Or. It is also planted in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, northern parts of Croatia, Czech Republic, England, the Republic of Georgia, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Hungary, Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, New Zealand, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, Ukraine, United States, and Uruguay. The United States has increasingly become a major pinot noir producer, with some of the best regarded coming from Oregon's Willamette Valley, and California's Sonoma County with its Russian River Valley and Sonoma Coast appellations. Lesser-known appellations are found in Mendocino County's Anderson Valley, the Central Coast's Santa Lucia Highlands appellation, the Santa Maria Valley, and Sta. Rita Hills American Viticulture Area in Santa Barbara County. In New Zealand, it is principally grown in Martinborough, Marlborough, Waipara, and Central Otago.

[User] From this paragraph please summarize the notable California regions where pinot noir is produced.

[Assistant] Notable California regions that produce pinot noir include Sonoma County (Russian River Valley and Sonoma Coast), Mendocino County (Anderson Valley), Central Coast (Santa Lucia Highlands), and Santa Barbara County (Santa Maria Valley, Sta. Rita Hills American Viticulture Area).


[User] What is Fibonacci series

[Assistant] Fibonacci series is a sequence where every number is the sum of the 2 preceding numbers. The series commonly starts form 0 and the first few numbers are 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21....


[User] Imagine you are the last person on Earth. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings.

[Assistant] Dear diary, you have been a faithful companion to me, all this while, the only true friend I have. Or, may, I say, the only witness to my thoughts - because there is no one else. Yes, I am the only person around in this world. Does this make me happy or sad, you ask? I am conflicted, to be honest. As an introvert, I always wanted solitude and peace. The ability to be myself, to not just think my own thoughts but act like no one was watching. And yet, now, when I really can do this (believe me, no one is watching me, or even the security tapes!), I long for a voice to hear and for someone to talk back to me, see me act stupid or act out my weirdest thoughts, and in general just listen to me. But, there is no one. And this scares me, as well. Why am I writing this down, when I rarely, if ever, read you back? It is, probably, with a hidden hope that someone some day will read it and understand my thoughts and ideas without judgement. If no one ever will read it, because there is no human left on planet Earth, why am I writing this even? I always read (and scoffed at) the books telling me "Man is a social animal" - I felt they did not refer or apply to me me. And now, dear friend, I have realised a little too late in life that it wasn't the books that did not recognise me. Rather, it was I who didn't understand myself. Farewell and adieu!


[System]
On 13 September 2007, on the back of India's victory at the 2007 T20 World Cup, BCCI announced a franchise-based Twenty20 cricket competition called Indian Premier League. The first season was slated to start in April 2008, in a "high-profile ceremony" in New Delhi. BCCI vice-president Lalit Modi, who spearheaded the IPL effort, spelled out the details of the tournament including its format, the prize money, franchise revenue system and squad composition rules. It was also revealed that the IPL would be run by a seven-man governing council composed of former India players and BCCI officials and that the top two teams of the IPL would qualify for that year's Champions League Twenty20. Modi also clarified that they had been working on the idea for two years and that the IPL was not started as a "knee-jerk reaction" to the ICL. The league's format was similar to that of the Premier League of England and the NBA in the United States.
In order to decide the owners for the new league, an auction was held on 24 January 2008 with the total base prices of the franchises costing around $400 million. At the end of the auction, the winning bidders were announced, as well as the cities the teams would be based in: Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, Mohali, and Mumbai. In the end, the franchises were all sold for a total of $723.59 million. The Indian Cricket League soon folded in 2008.

[User] Which cities participated in the first IPL?

[Assistant] Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, Mohali, Mumbai


[User] What links the names Botvinik, Tal, Karpov, Fischer

[Assistant] Chess World Champs


[System]
The laws of thermodynamics are a set of scientific laws which define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize thermodynamic systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. The laws also use various parameters for thermodynamic processes, such as thermodynamic work and heat, and establish relationships between them. They state empirical facts that form a basis of precluding the possibility of certain phenomena, such as perpetual motion. In addition to their use in thermodynamics, they are important fundamental laws of physics in general, and are applicable in other natural sciences.

Traditionally, thermodynamics has recognized three fundamental laws, simply named by an ordinal identification, the first law, the second law, and the third law. A more fundamental statement was later labelled as the zeroth law, after the first three laws had been established.

The zeroth law of thermodynamics defines thermal equilibrium and forms a basis for the definition of temperature: If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

The first law of thermodynamics states that, when energy passes into or out of a system (as work, heat, or matter), the system's internal energy changes in accordance with the law of conservation of energy.

The second law of thermodynamics states that in a natural thermodynamic process, the sum of the entropies of the interacting thermodynamic systems never decreases. A common corollary of the statement is that heat does not spontaneously pass from a colder body to a warmer body.

The third law of thermodynamics states that a system's entropy approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero. With the exception of non-crystalline solids (glasses), the entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically close to zero.

The first and second laws prohibit two kinds of perpetual motion machines, respectively: the perpetual motion machine of the first kind which produces work with no energy input, and the perpetual motion machine of the second kind which spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work.

[User] Summarize the three laws of thermodynamics in one or two sentences each. They should be understandable by a layman.

[Assistant]
The first law states that energy in a closed system is conserved. More energy than that which was present cannot be created, nor can some energy be destroyed.

The second law says heat moves from a warm to a cold body.

The third law says the entropy of a system is related to it's temperature, and decreases as temperature decreases.


[System] Robert Gordon Orr OC (born March 20, 1948) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, widely acknowledged as one of the greatest of all time. Orr used his ice skating speed, scoring, and play-making abilities to revolutionize the position of defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 12 seasons, the first 10 with the Boston Bruins, followed by two with the Chicago Black Hawks. Orr remains the only defenceman to have won the league scoring title with two Art Ross Trophies. He holds the record for most points and assists in a single season by a defenceman. Orr won a record eight consecutive Norris Trophies as the NHL's best defenceman and three consecutive Hart Trophies as the league's most valuable player (MVP). Orr was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1979 at age 31, the youngest to be inducted at that time. In 2017, Orr was named by the National Hockey League as one of the "100 Greatest NHL Players" in history.

[User] What team did Bobby Orr play for in his 5th season?

[Assistant]
Bobby Orr played for the Boston Bruins in his 5th season in the National Hockey League (NHL).

He played in the NHL for 12 seasons, the first 10 with the Boston Bruins, followed by two with the Chicago Black Hawks.


[User] Why should you stay at our rental cabin in Speedway, Indiana?

[Assistant] The Indianapolis 500 comes to Speedway, Indiana each year in May. It's the largest gathering for a sports event in the world. It's truly an event you don't want to miss! The buzz of the cars speeding by, the crowds cheering in a way you can't experience at traditional sporting events, all under the warm summer sun. It's truly a once in a lifetime event you can't experience like it anywhere else. Staying in our cabin allows you to be close to the action, with a walkable distance to the track, and run back should you want to take a quick break from the action. It has great views of the track, is a walkable distance, and nearby to many restaurants and shopping vendors during the event.


[System]
The Eiffel Tower (/ˈaɪfəl/ EYE-fəl; French: tour Eiffel [tuʁ ɛfɛl] (listen)) is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower.

Locally nicknamed "La dame de fer" (French for "Iron Lady"), it was constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair. Although initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, it has since become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world. The tower received 5,889,000 visitors in 2022, up by 197 percent from 2021, when numbers dropped due to the COVID virus. The Eiffel Tower is the most visited monument with an entrance fee in the world:[citation needed] 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015. It was designated a monument historique in 1964, and was named part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site ("Paris, Banks of the Seine") in 1991.

[User] Who built the Eiffel Tower

[Assistant]
The Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. An important designer was the Swiss Maurice Koechlin.

Locally nicknamed "La dame de fer" (French for "Iron Lady"), it was constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair. Although initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, it has since become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world.


[System] "Colour the World" is a song by German production group Sash! featuring Nigerian-Swedish recording artist and producer Dr. Alban. It was released in 1999 via Mighty, Club Tools, and Multiply Records as the fourth and final single from the group's second studio album, Life Goes On (1998). It was successful in a number of European countries and reached number 15 on the UK Singles Chart.

[User] What is Color of the world

[Assistant]
Track listing
All lyrics are written by Dr. Alban, Ralf Kappmeier, Sascha Lappessen, Thomas Alisson; all music is composed by Ralph Kappmaier, Thomas Allison, Sascha Lappessen.

No.	Title	Length
1.	"Colour the World" (Single)	3:35
2.	"Colour the World" (Extended Mix)	6:00
3.	"Colour the World" (Dario G. Remix)	4:02
4.	"Colour the World" (ATB Remix)	5:51
5.	"Colour the World" (DJ Delicious Remix)	6:52
6.	"Colour the World" (Dale Cooper & Vincent Price Remix)	6:19
Total length:	32:39
Credits
Design – Michael Kowalkowski
Lyrics – Dr. Alban, Ralf Kappmeier, Sascha Lappessen, Thomas Alisson
Mastering – J. Quincy Kramer
Music – Ralf Kappmeier, Sascha Lappessen, Thomas Alisson
Producer – Sash!, Tokapi
Vocals – Dr. Alban


[User] which band sold the most albums of all time?

[Assistant]
The Beatles.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, British rock band The Beatles are top of the list for best-selling artists worldwide, with 183 million units certified sales.

The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form.


[User] What is the latest iOS version on iPhone and what issues it addressed?

[Assistant]
The latest iOS for Apple iPhone is iOS 16.4.
This has bought a lot of updates to the iPhone like:
- It introduced a new set of emojis
- latest security patch
- It introduced a voice isolation feature for iPhone, now people can not listen to background noise when they are on call
- Now Cloud Shared Photo Library can also detect duplicate photos, this will save your storage
- Crash detection is been optimised for iPhone 14 series phones
- iCloud was unresponsive sometimes has been addressed
- Now you can add notifications for web apps on the home screen itself.
- Many more features are added


[User] What was the first British instrumental to top the USA charts

[Assistant] Telstar by The Tornados


[User] Give me a bulleted list of the seven most recent Heisman Trophy Winners

[Assistant] Caleb Williams, Bryce Young, DeVonta Smith, Joe Burrow, Kyler Murray, Baker Mayfield, and Lamar Jackson


[System] Shooting sports is a group of competitive and recreational sporting activities involving proficiency tests of accuracy, precision and speed in shooting — the art of using ranged weapons, mainly small arms (firearms and airguns, in forms such as handguns, rifles and shotguns) and bows/crossbows.

[User] I want to try shooting sports, Can you throw some light on this using the given text as a reference?

[Assistant]
1. A group of competitive and leisure sports activities is referred to as shooting sports.
2. It involves shooting competency examinations that measure accuracy, precision, and speed. Shooting is the art of employing ranged weapons, mostly small arms (firearms and airguns, in forms such pistols, rifles, and shotguns), as well as bows and crossbows.


[System] In 208, Cao Cao marched south with his army hoping to quickly unify the empire. Liu Biao's son Liu Cong surrendered Jing Province and Cao was able to capture a sizable fleet at Jiangling. Sun Quan, the successor to Sun Ce in the lower Yangtze, continued to resist. His advisor Lu Su secured an alliance with Liu Bei, himself a recent refugee from the north, and Zhou Yu was placed in command of Sun Quan's navy, along with a veteran general who served the Sun family, Cheng Pu. Their combined armies of 50,000 met Cao Cao's fleet and 200,000-strong force at Red Cliffs that winter. Cao Cao had to cross the mighty Yangtze River. So when he along with his fleet sailed down the river, many of his men fell to exhaustion, disease and the northerners were not very comfortable on ships and the marshy terrain. So when the two sides met for war at Wulin, Cao Cao wasn’t able to inflict any defeat on the Allied Force. On the other hand, General Huang Gai of Sun Quan’s army came up with a sneaky plan. He sent a forged letter to Cao Cao, stating that he and others wanted to inflict to his side and they would also bring some of the finest ships of the allies. But little did Cao know that the ships were full of flammable reeds. So when they sailed and approached his fleet, they were set alight and they destroyed Cao Cao’s fleet and camps. Seeing the hopeless situation, Cao Cao ordered his army for a difficult retreat through the Marshlands, during which more of his men fell to disease and exhaustion. The allied victory at Red Cliffs ensured the survival of Liu Bei and Sun Quan, and provided the basis for the states of Shu and Wu.

[User] Could you tell me how Cao Cao's fleet got destroyed during the battle of Red Cliffs based on this paragraph?

[Assistant] Cao Cao's fleet got set on fire by the General Huang Gai. Huang Gai initially informed Cao Cao that he'd betray the Allied Force formed by Liu Bei and Sun Quan. But Huang Gai was actually trying to take this chance to send ships loaded with flammable reeds to Cao Cao's fleet. Cao Cao took the bait and accepted the offer from Huang Gai. Then, when Huang Gai's ships arrived, the Allied Force set Cao Cao's fleet and camps on fire and essentially destroyed Cao Cao's army.


[User] Classify each of the following as a desert or mountain range: Alps, Sahara, Rockies, Appalachian, Arabian, Gobi

[Assistant]
Alps: Mountain Range
Sahara: Desert
Rockies: Mountain Range
Appalachian: Mountain Range
Arabian: Desert
Gobi: Desert


[User] Give me a list of popular Netflix shows I can watch now.

[Assistant] There are currently a number of Netflix shows available that may be of interest to you depending on your favorite genres. Some popular ones include You, Ozark, Love is Blind, and Wednesday.