Read the following excerpt from a US court opinion:
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what he was charged with doing, the maximum penalty he faced and the possibility of restitution and court costs being ordered as part of any sentence imposed. Whitepipe indicated that he was ready to enter his plea and proceeded to plead guilty to the rape charge. The court then questioned Whi-tepipe to determine whether his plea was voluntary: THE COURT: Did anyone force you to enter that plea? THE DEFENDANT: No. THE COURT: Did anyone tell you, other than this plea agreement, that I would give you special treatment if you just came in today and pled guilty? THE DEFENDANT: No. THE COURT: And you are doing this under your own free will? THE DEFENDANT: Yes. To be constitutionally valid, a guilty plea must be knowing, voluntary and intelligent. See Parke, 506 U.S. at 28, 29, 113 S.Ct. 517 . Because a guilty plea constitutes a waiver of
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What is the most suitable continuation to the opinion? Your options are:
A. holding that due process requires state courts to make an affirmative showing that a guilty plea is intelligent and voluntary
B. holding a waiver of a substantial constitutional right must be a voluntary knowing and intelligent act
C. holding that a voluntary and intelligent plea of guilty is an admission of all the elements of a formal criminal charge
D. holding that a guilty plea must be both knowing and voluntary and must be a voluntary and intelligent choice among the alternative courses of action available to a defendant
E. holding that a defendant must have knowledge of the likely consequences of entering the guilty plea in order for a plea to be voluntary and knowing
Reply with [A, B, C, D, E] only.