Read the following excerpt from a US court opinion:
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while testifying.” Id. at 603. The trial court denied the defendant’s motion for mistrial ubject of expert testimony where a law enforcement agent’s opinion is based on specialized knowledge derived from training or experience and beyond the understanding or experience of the average juror. See § 90.702, Fla. Stat. (2010) (allowing expert testimony on evidence at trial “[i]f scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will assist the trier of fact in understanding the evidence or in determining a fact in issue”); United States v. Hankey, 203 F.3d 1160, 1167-69 (9th Cir.2000) (involving the testimony of a law enforcement expert who opined, in part, that “gangs enforce a code of silence among their members”); People v. Martinez, 113 Cal.App.4th 400, 7 Cal.Rptr.3d 49, 59 (2003) ; Edge v. State, 275 Ga. 311, 567 S.E.2d 1, 3
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What is the most suitable continuation to the opinion? Your options are:
A. holding that a gang expert could testify on what it meant to be a rat in gang culture because it was relevant to help understand discrepancies between some of the wit nesses statements to the police and their testimony at trial
B. holding that an expert in the field of gangs and gang codes of behavior including the requirements of members obedience silence and staunch defense of other gang members and the punishment meted out to a gang member who violates these requirements could testify because these were factual matters outside the experience of the average juror
C. holding that active participation in a criminal street gang means that there is a relationship between the defendant and the gang that is more than nominal passive inactive or purely technical and that defendant must devote all or a substantial part of his time and efforts to the gang
D. holding that expert testimony from a detective about the reluctance of witnesses residents of gang neighborhoods to testify in cases involving gang activity is relevant to the credibility of a witness
E. holding that experts testimony as to aspects of gang culture relevant to the case including requirements of members obedience silence and staunch defense of other gang members and the punishment meted out to a gang member who violates these requirements went to factual matters outside the experience of the average juror
Reply with [A, B, C, D, E] only.