Read the following excerpt from a US court opinion:
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338, 73 S.Ct. 681, 97 L.Ed. 1048 (1953)) “[A]n unwise, or even an unconsidered decision by the union is not necessarily an irrational decision.” Air Line Pilots, supra, 499 U.S. at 78, 111 S.Ct. 1127. The arbitrariness standard has been described as “highly deferential,” id., and “quite forgiving,” Trnka v. Local Union No. 688, 30 F.3d 60, 61 (7th Cir.1994). The Sixth Circuit has stated that, “[i]n essence then, to prevail, a plaintiff has the difficult task of showing that the union’s actions were wholly irrational.” Garrison v. Cassens Tr olding that the establishment of a two-tiered seniority system which favors one group over another is insufficient to establish a breach of the duty of fair representation); Baker v. Constr. & Gen. Laborers, Local 26b, 822 F.2d 781 (8th Cir. 1987) . In Forte, supra, 2000 WL 377698, *3, an
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What is the most suitable continuation to the opinion? Your options are:
A. holding expert testimony is not required as a per se rule  in bad faith actions
B. holding that a bad faith claim is a tort
C. holding that a finding of plaintiffs bad faith is not a prerequisite to the trial courts exercise of discretion to award fees
D. holding that unions practice in running a hiring hall that required plaintiffs to run up the stairs to receive a referral slip was demeaning but not arbitrary discriminatory or motivated by bad faith
E. holding the bad faith rationale inapplicable given that the defendants acted in good faith in appealing the case and in raising defenses to the plaintiffs claims
Reply with [A, B, C, D, E] only.