Read the following excerpt from a US court opinion:
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case law interpreting that section. Section § 16(b) defines as a crime of violence “any ... offense that is a felony and that, by its nature, involves a substantial risk that physical force against the person or property of another may be used in the course of committing the offense.” 18 U.S.C. § 16(b) (emphasis added). Positing a hypothetical manner in which the unlawful imprisonment of a competent adult could be accomplished by deception and without the use of force thus does not necessarily exclude the unlawful imprisonment statute from the scope of § 16 — our inquiry under § 16(b) is broader and more flexible, and involves asking whether the crime is one that by its nature involves a substantial risk that force may be used. Cf. Sutherland v. Reno, 228 F.3d 171, 175-76 (2d Cir.2000) . We hold that in any case in which a competent
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What is the most suitable continuation to the opinion? Your options are:
A. holding that because the crime of rape involved a nonconsensual act there was a substantial risk that physical force may be used in committing the offense
B. holding that the term indecent act required no further definition
C. holding that a petitioners conviction for indecent assault and battery under massachusetts law constituted a crime of violence because any offense under the state statute was by definition nonconsensual and thus any violation of the statute by its nature presents a substantial risk that force may be used to overcome the victims lack of consent and accomplish the indecent touching
D. holding that the offense of sexual battery requires the state prove the victims lack of consent regardless of the victims age and charge the jury on the same
E. holding that the state felony offense of taking indecent liberties with a child categorically constituted a crime of violence for purposes of the career offender sentencing guidelines
Reply with [A, B, C, D, E] only.