Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.

Text:Several pro-survival signaling pathways converge at the step of GSK-3β phosphorylation at Ser9, which inactivates this kinase, and inactivation of GSK-3β has been shown to increasemyocardial resistance to infarction [11,12].
Category: