Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.

Text:Past studies have laid the foundation for envisioning digital platforms as layered modular architectures [8], [9], [44], [51], [57], especially with respect to how technological capabilities affect interconnected digital platforms [33], as well as how platform owners exercise governance in an attempt to strike an equilibrium between control and openness to foster platform innovation [11], [12], [30], [34], [54].
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