Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.

Text:responsive elements (GREs), and indirectly, through suppression of other transcription factors (eg, NF-jB); and these mechanisms are relevant to GC efficacy and possibly side effects in DMD.(30,31) The SPP1 promoter is predicted to contain both GREs and NF-jB–responsive sites, and further studies are needed to dissect these mechanisms both in vitro and in vivo.
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