Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.

Text:However, the reduction of GnRHR gene expression during inflammation in the PT may also result from the direct action of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stress, because both IL-1β and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) were shown to suppress GnRHR expression [14,38,39].
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