Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.

Text:It has been employed more formally by other scholars in the library and information science (LIS) field to decompose the particulars of notions like “information” [4], in the development of ontologies [12], and for the development of conceptual frameworks for metadata schema [5].
Category: