Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.

Text:This implies that norm-deviations have similar effects in online group settings, in online individual settings (Brody & Pena, 2013; Peña & Brody, 2014), and offline group settings (Marques et al., 1988).
Category: