Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.

Text:…animal models have shown the antipsychotic and procognitive effects of asenapine (McLean et al. 2010; Marston et al. 2009; Frånberg et al. 2008), which have now been clinically validated in the treatment of acute schizophrenia (Kane et al. 2010; Potkin et al. 2007; Weber and McCormack 2009).
Category: