Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.

Text:While Karnani (2007) insightfully opined about the potential role of disempowerment in the demand for skin whitening creams, the focus of his research was to study the case of “Fair & Lovely”, a skin whitening cream marketed by Unilever in order to demonstrate that Fair & Lovely is indeed doing…
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