Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.

Text:Although previous reports suggest that ISC differentiation is compromised by constant signals through CD40 (41, 42), in this study we demonstrate that activation through CD40 alone drives B cell differentiation, evidenced by moderate levels of Ig secretion.
Category: