Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.

Text:The current findings however do not support that of past studies (e.g., Anderson et al., 1998; Craik et al., 1996; Park et al., 1989) which show that memory performance is affected more when attention is divided at encoding than when attention is divided at retrieval.
Category: