Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.

Text:Cell–cell contacts are formed at the adherens junctions (AJs) by intercellular Ca-dependent E-cadherin homodimer formation (Vleminckx and Kemler 1999; Miyoshi and Takai 2005). To assay for the explression of E-cadherin by rat PT cells, immunofluorescence distribution of the protein was investigated on confluent monolayers of WKPT-0293 Cl.2 cells. Monolayers demonstrated the typical pattern of E-cadherin expression at the cell borders (Fig. 1A). Expression of the E-cadherin protein in WKPT-0293 Cl.2 cells was further confirmed by immunoblotting, where Biometals (2007) 20:807–820 811
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