In addition, although Parkin KO mice do not recapitulate signs central to Parkinsonism, these mice are prone to cancer development (Fujiwara et al., 2008). Mice with homozygote Parkin exon 3 deletions spontaneously develop hepatic tumors with characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, Parkin heterozygous deletion accompanied by APC heterozygous deletion promotes intestinal adenoma development in mice. As HCC appears in the mice at advanced age, and there is a dependency between Parkin and APC mutations in adenoma development, it is possible that a mutation in Parkin alone is not sufficient to initiate development of some types of cancer, and it may require additional risk factors. Moreover, we identified Parkin interacting proteins in melanoma cells by immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. The proteins detected are mainly connected to cell cycle, mitochondrial function, and proteasome function; this result is consistent with the study of Sarraf et al. (2013). In conclusion, our data indicate that Parkin has a tumor suppressive role in melanoma.
Sample text:```Intriguingly, using MPRs-deficient MEF cells, mouse and human CLN5 have been shown to reach lysosomes in an MPRindependent manner [12].```
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Sample text:```Interestingly, MHC I and ERAP1 were coordinately expressed in normal and, to a lesser extent, neoplastic cells and tumor lesions (13, 14).```
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Sample text:```The PCR product was digested with AgeI/NotI and ligated between the G and the L gene (similar to Roberts et al., 1999) into the vectors pVSVCT-1 and pVSVCT-9 (Schnell et al., 1998), which had been digested with XmaI/NotI.```
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Sample text:```Our results further confirm previous findings on the differential regulatory mechanisms for Hoxa3 and Hoxb3 expression in r5 and r6 by kreisler (Manzanares et al., 1997, 1999a,b, 2001).```
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Sample text:```Unlabeled DNA substrates containing consensus 12-RSS, 23-RSS, Hox11 or non-specific DNA sequences (DAR81/82) were prepared from oligonucleotides described previously [11,24].```
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Sample text:```The inter-relationships between K1, K1O and anticoagulants in dogs and humans have been previously investigated [25, 26].```
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Sample text:```…proteins initially has been demonstrated in tissue culture model systems of adipogenesis and hematopoiesis (Lin and Lane 1992; Freytag et al. 1994; Hu et al. 1995; Müller et al. 1995; Nerlov et al. 1998) and has now been firmly established through analysis of the respective knockout mice…```
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Sample text:```Our results further confirm previous findings on the differential regulatory mechanisms for Hoxa3 and Hoxb3 expression in r5 and r6 by kreisler (Manzanares et al., 1997, 1999a,b, 2001).```
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Sample text:```Therefore, one manifestation of the BRCA1–TONSL genetic interaction may well operate at sites of UV-induced damage, where both proteins are normally engaged in complex DNA damage responses (Duro et al. 2010; O’Connell et al. 2010; O’Donnell et al. 2010; Piwko et al. 2010; Pathania et al. 2011).```
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Sample text:```Previous studies revealed that acylcarnitines were elevated early after APAP treatment and that their elevation was indicative of mitochondrial damage and dysfunction.(15,19) In the present study these observations were confirmed, as palmitoylcarnitine was elevated by toxic doses of APAP and maintained at normal levels (compared with untreated controls) by Wy-14,643 pretreatment.```
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Sample text:```Our genealogy, based on many alleles but only the first exon of bindin, is not entirely consistent with that of McCartney and Lessios (2004), based on fewer alleles but incorporating the entire molecule.```
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Sample text:```They demonstrated by in vitro and ex vivo studies that ATP1A1 mutants showed loss of pump activity and strongly reduced affinity for potassium, causing inappropriate depolarization of the cells (Beuschlein et al. 2013).```
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Sample text:```In line with our results, several previous studies demonstrated the anti-proliferative effect of PPARs agonists in several cell types [11-15].```
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Sample text:```Instead of using the single fuzzless locus mutant developed mapping populations (Rong et al. 2005, 2007; Zhang et al. 2005; Guo et al. 2006; Wan et al. 2007), the common female parent line of the two F2 populations we developed combined at least two fuzzless loci (N1 and n2, and probably n3) (Turley and Kloth 2002).```
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Sample text:```This study supports the theory of a tumor origin from multipotential progenitor cells.(14) Reports of the Ki67 labeling index have demonstrated great variety.```
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Sample text:```Intriguingly, using MPRs-deficient MEF cells, mouse and human CLN5 have been shown to reach lysosomes in an MPRindependent manner [12].```
Sample intent: background