…reduced DMN synchronization during cognitive activation or abnormal toggling between the anti-correlated introspective tasknegative and extroceptive task-positive networks, producing impairment to the functions they each serve (Fox et al., 2005; Fransson, 2005; SonugaBarke & Castellanos, 2007).
Sample text:```Our results on working memory performance are similar to those of earlier studies (e.g. Archbold et al., 2009; Cosentino et al., 2008; Naegele et al., 2006) in showing impaired working memory in the OSA group.```
Sample intent: result
Sample text:```Using the previously validated methodology for measuring mental workload, [20] any response to the vibration stimulus of more than the upper limit of normal (1350 ms) was regarded as evidence of cognitive overload.```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```Discrepancies analogous to those between our results and those of simulations have, indeed, recently been observed in the case of the binary perceptron [18], the pspin interaction spin glass [19], and in the case of fluctuating manifolds in random media [20], where dynamically frozen phases were observed in regions of parameter space in which static approaches yielded ergodic phases.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```…that there is ample evidence from functional magnetic imaging experiments that in humans prediction errors are indeed encoded in the dorsal striatum (e.g. Valentin & O’Doherty, 2009; Cooper et al., 2011), including regions of dorsal putamen most comparable to rat DLS (e.g. Garrison et al., 2013).```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Catecholamines, and particularly DA, are believed to increase the efficiency of cortical processing by augmenting the signal-tonoise ratio or gain within cortical networks [4,37–39].```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```The existence of time delay may lead to some more complicated dynamic behaviors such as oscillation, divergence, chaos, instability or other poor performance of the neural networks [6].```
Sample intent: method
Sample text:```Our results on working memory performance are similar to those of earlier studies (e.g. Archbold et al., 2009; Cosentino et al., 2008; Naegele et al., 2006) in showing impaired working memory in the OSA group.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```Third, since we compared the same groups of participants also with respect to basic visuomotor tasks (Huestegge et al. 2009a), we already know that the present cannabis group exhibits deficits in basic oculomotor control.```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Of interest to motor control researchers are several more recent studies that were designed to examine inhibitory effect in the context of actual aiming/reaching movements to targets (e.g., Briand et al.2000; Welsh and Elliott, 2004b).```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```…(LING)] thalamus (THA), as well as limbic/paralimbic regions [e.g. insula, superior temporal pole and inferior orbitofrontal cortex] (Table 2), which is in accordance with previous findings on functional brain networks constructed using resting-state fMRI (Achard et al., 2006; He et al., 2009b).```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```The existence of time delay may lead to some more complicated dynamic behaviors such as oscillation, divergence, chaos, instability or other poor performance of the neural networks [6].```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Discrepancies analogous to those between our results and those of simulations have, indeed, recently been observed in the case of the binary perceptron [18], the pspin interaction spin glass [19], and in the case of fluctuating manifolds in random media [20], where dynamically frozen phases were observed in regions of parameter space in which static approaches yielded ergodic phases.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```In this study, the proposed method is based on atrial activity extraction using an echo state network (ESN) re­ cently introduced as a unified solution to the problem of QRST cancellation in the presence of substantial variation in beat morphology and/or occasional ectopic beats [7].```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```…with several action-based models of selective action that suggest turning one’s visual attention to an object or location in space may be the same process as preparing a movement to that object/location (e.g., Rizzolatti et al.1994; Tipper et al.1992; Welsh and Elliott 2004b; Welsh et al.1999).```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```To study connections spanning the cortex, we defined 90 anatomical ROIs based on Brodmann Areas spanning both the right and left cortical hemispheres using the WFU_PickAtlas toolbox [44].```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```Using the previously validated methodology for measuring mental workload, [20] any response to the vibration stimulus of more than the upper limit of normal (1350 ms) was regarded as evidence of cognitive overload.```
Sample intent: background