Methods such as SBDS [2, 18] avoid this problem but adding constraints to a model does not, so measuring the search effort to find a solution would not be a meaningful way of evaluating the new encoding.
Sample text:```…methods rely on some additional and often heuristic step to generate an initial solution, such as adversarially-trained neural networks [Conneau et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2017a,b], robust self-learning [Artetxe et al., 2018b] or
5This can be easily verified by noting that the…```
Sample intent: background
Sample text:```have been proposed as potential alternatives to the Turing Test, specifically targeting its potential weaknesses and inadequacy [1].```
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Sample text:```For seeking the optimal value of Wh of the sub-problems which corresponds to the h-th level, we can solve the problem by the smoothing proximal gradient (SPG) method [6] fortunately.```
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Sample text:```These policies are known to present comprehension problems to users [15, 19] and often are used to inform the interaction design for such systems, e.```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```…methods rely on some additional and often heuristic step to generate an initial solution, such as adversarially-trained neural networks [Conneau et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2017a,b], robust self-learning [Artetxe et al., 2018b] or
5This can be easily verified by noting that the…```
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Sample text:```Our results on working memory performance are similar to those of earlier studies (e.g. Archbold et al., 2009; Cosentino et al., 2008; Naegele et al., 2006) in showing impaired working memory in the OSA group.```
Sample intent: result
Sample text:```The GITT model performs better than an empirical lag-time model [17], however, its predicted profiles tend to underestimate Cmax, which, if consistent, may suggest confounding systematic bias or invalid assumptions.```
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Sample text:```These models are not specified and observe a single phenomenon from different points of view (Maxfield et al., 2002; Parker et al., 2009).```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```[20] found that the enhancement that this procedure would provide in terms of explaining trauma symptoms is limited, and they concluded that the relative gains are not worth the methodological complexity.```
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Sample text:```Discrepancies analogous to those between our results and those of simulations have, indeed, recently been observed in the case of the binary perceptron [18], the pspin interaction spin glass [19], and in the case of fluctuating manifolds in random media [20], where dynamically frozen phases were observed in regions of parameter space in which static approaches yielded ergodic phases.```
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Sample text:```Following past work, we show that such basis models can be learned from 2D annotations using techniques adapted from nonrigid structure from motion (SFM) [20, 19].```
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Sample text:```The results for veridical recall replicated previous results in the literature (Bal-
lardini et al., 2008; McDermott & Watson, 2001), with the average recall of studied words increas-
ing monotonically as SOA increased.```
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Sample text:```While this method is known to be generally reliable, there are some questions about the representativeness of the data used [25].```
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Sample text:```These policies are known to present comprehension problems to users [15, 19] and often are used to inform the interaction design for such systems, e.```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Only one published paper (Enock et al. 2014) has examined this question, and thatwas in the context of anABM training study.```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```have been proposed as potential alternatives to the Turing Test, specifically targeting its potential weaknesses and inadequacy [1].```
Sample intent: background