In intraspecific phylogenies, the haplotype that is most frequent and has the most network connections to others (the one with the highest ‘outgroup weight’) is generally deemed the oldest (Castelloe & Templeton 1994; Posada & Crandall 2001).
Sample text:```The merging is based on the increase in the weighted-bycounts entropy [1] and is stopped by a threshold indicating the minimum number of training samples required to estimate a weight distribution.```
Sample intent: method
Sample text:```Our results confi rm previous studies that reached the same conclusion (Boushey et al 1994; Vermeulen et al 2000; Till et al 2005; Marcucci et al 2005).```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```Previous studies have shown that sialome genes were subject to strong ancient selective pressures that have resulted in species-specific adaptations (Varki 2001; Angata et al. 2004; Altheide et al. 2006; Varki & Gagneux 2009), suggesting that they likely evolved in response to ancient pathogens The function of sialome genes, i.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```distances were calculated between all population pairs considering the likely routes of human migration out of Africa, following the criteria set by Ramachandran et al. (2005). The test was performed with the software Passage version 2.```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```A number of studies have been published recently, which analyze the location, orientation, and identity ofmacromolecular complexes, based on the outcome of template-matching (Brandt et al., 2009; Ortiz et al., 2010).```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Classification of Genetic Variants All genetic variants in our cohort and those reported in the manuscripts uncovered by the literature search were reassessed and classified according to the current guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics.13 For this evaluation, we used MAF data derived from the Exome Aggregation Consortium and the Exome Variant Server.```
Sample intent: background
Sample text:```By clustering with lowly aggressive close kin (King 1989a,b; Viblanc et al. 2010; Arnaud, Dobson & Murie 2012), breeding females may decrease the time/energy cost of maintaining territorial boundaries (Festa-Bianchet & Boag 1982; Murie & Harris 1988), which could ultimately lead to increases in net energy income (TA) or higher allocations in somatic or reproductive functions.```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Our results confi rm previous studies that reached the same conclusion (Boushey et al 1994; Vermeulen et al 2000; Till et al 2005; Marcucci et al 2005).```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```This is interesting in relation to the result from our previous CGH study (comparing the number of significantly hybridizing probes on the microarray) that showed high sequence divergence on the Z chromosome between the common whitethroat and the zebra finch [62]; and such patterns are also found in other species [48,51,69].```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```The merging is based on the increase in the weighted-bycounts entropy [1] and is stopped by a threshold indicating the minimum number of training samples required to estimate a weight distribution.```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Instead of using the single fuzzless locus mutant developed mapping populations (Rong et al. 2005, 2007; Zhang et al. 2005; Guo et al. 2006; Wan et al. 2007), the common female parent line of the two F2 populations we developed combined at least two fuzzless loci (N1 and n2, and probably n3) (Turley and Kloth 2002).```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```A number of studies have been published recently, which analyze the location, orientation, and identity ofmacromolecular complexes, based on the outcome of template-matching (Brandt et al., 2009; Ortiz et al., 2010).```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Bork et al. (2010) reported that highly significant differences in methylation patterns were observed at specific CpG sites, such as those near homeobox genes between early and late cultures.```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```distances were calculated between all population pairs considering the likely routes of human migration out of Africa, following the criteria set by Ramachandran et al. (2005). The test was performed with the software Passage version 2.```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```We also hypothesized that variation in seed mass should decrease in populations subjected to the strongest directional selection pressure (see [29]), which in this case is more arid areas where seed mass is known to be a key determinant of fitness [35,39].```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```To further characterize isolates, random amplification of polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) was performed using an adaptation of methods described elsewhere.(10)```
Sample intent: background