Activation of 7- nAChRs by prolonged exposure to nicotine is known to alter gene transcription (Chang and Berg, 2001; Dajas-Bailador and Wonnacott, 2004), and signaling through 7-nAChRs on hippocampal neurons has been shown to activate the transcription factor CREB in a manner at least partly independent of NMDA and AMPARs (Hu et al., 2002).
Sample text:```The ¬¨¬µ-opioid receptor agonist morphine also induced inhibitory effects in both assays, in accordance with previous reports describing the opiate-mediated inhibition of the BSL evoked in mice by excitatory amino acids and neurokinins (Aanonsen et al. 1987; Takahasi et al. 1987; Wilcox 1988).```
Sample intent: result
Sample text:```Secondly, this effect was shown to be selectively due to CCK2 activation (Ladurelle et al. 1997) through mechanisms involving δ-opioid (Daugé et al. 1999) and D1-dopamine receptors (Ladurelle et al. 1993) that could be blocked by the selective antagonists naltrindole (a δ antagonist), and SCH23,390.```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```In line with previous results (3, 19, 20, 30), we found that during muscle contraction ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased and was not affected by CaMKII inhibition.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```Signaling promotes MPO surface expression
Although ion channel clustering provides a route to understanding field detection, it does not account for the metabolic changes noted in our previous studies (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000).```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```The ¬¨¬µ-opioid receptor agonist morphine also induced inhibitory effects in both assays, in accordance with previous reports describing the opiate-mediated inhibition of the BSL evoked in mice by excitatory amino acids and neurokinins (Aanonsen et al. 1987; Takahasi et al. 1987; Wilcox 1988).```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```In the last 5 years, it has been published as the most comprehensive study on the distribution of PLCb1 in the mouse brain, showing that it is highly expressed in the somatodendritic compartment of principal neurons of the telencephalon (Fukaya et al., 2008).```
Sample intent: method
Sample text:```hemicholinium-3, a depletor of endogenous acetylcholine (Parikh and Sarter, 2006); (ii) by enhancing cholinergic tone with AF-DX384, a selective M2/M4 autoreceptor antagonist, that blocks the self-inhibitory mechanism by which acetylcholine regulates its own release and (iii) by selectively blocking M1 muscarinic receptors, key modulators of both LTD and LTP (Calabresi et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2006; Bonsi et al., 2008).```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Signaling promotes MPO surface expression
Although ion channel clustering provides a route to understanding field detection, it does not account for the metabolic changes noted in our previous studies (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000).```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Isolation of cardiomyocytes by standard enzymatic techniques and patch-clamp recordings were performed as described previously [42].```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```Although the time-constants of the learning window used in this study were much shorter than those reported for hippocampal neurons by Bi and Poo [27] (viz.```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```Intriguingly, using MPRs-deficient MEF cells, mouse and human CLN5 have been shown to reach lysosomes in an MPRindependent manner [12].```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```In line with previous results (3, 19, 20, 30), we found that during muscle contraction ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased and was not affected by CaMKII inhibition.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```Secondly, this effect was shown to be selectively due to CCK2 activation (Ladurelle et al. 1997) through mechanisms involving δ-opioid (Daugé et al. 1999) and D1-dopamine receptors (Ladurelle et al. 1993) that could be blocked by the selective antagonists naltrindole (a δ antagonist), and SCH23,390.```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Our genealogy, based on many alleles but only the first exon of bindin, is not entirely consistent with that of McCartney and Lessios (2004), based on fewer alleles but incorporating the entire molecule.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```In the last 5 years, it has been published as the most comprehensive study on the distribution of PLCb1 in the mouse brain, showing that it is highly expressed in the somatodendritic compartment of principal neurons of the telencephalon (Fukaya et al., 2008).```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```When MgTx was applied to the rare cells subsequently shown to express only TTX-sensitive Na current (A-type neurons) (Stansfeld and Wallis 1985; Schild and Kunze 1997; Li and Schild 2007b), there was no change in the duration of the action potential measured at 0 mV (0.74 0.09 vs. 0.76 0.1 ms, n 3,…```
Sample intent: method