Here, the relative length of cohesive element is le/L = 0.0067 and approximately 100 cohesive elements are adopted in the cohesive zone, which satisfies the requirement of the minimum number of elements (Falk et al., 2001; Turon et al., 2007) and can effectively capture the crack growth in dentin.
Sample text:```The fiber length distribution and coarseness were measured using a fiber quality analyzer (FQA, OpTest Equipment Inc., Hawkesbury, Canada) with an average of 5,000 fibers analyzed as previously described (Ju et al. 2013b).```
Sample intent: background
Sample text:```Illustra PuReTaq ReadyTo-Go PCR beads (0.5 ml tubes, GE healthcare) were used to amplify DTL, SLFN5, TRIM47, WRAP53 and CHN1 transcripts (denaturing at 94uC for 30 s, annealing at 58uC for 1 min and elongation at 72uC for 2 min, 25‚Äì35 cycles).```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```13 indicates the comparison of the results of the mesh simplification method [2] after applying different mesh enhancement techniques.```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```‚Äö√Ñ¬∂in cuticle thickness reported
 here is in agreement with other studies which show that cuticle thickness increases (e.g. Gratani and Bonito 2009; Varone and Gratani 2009) and wax formation continues (e.g. Bukovac et al. 1979; Gu√É√†lz et al. 1991; McWhorter et al. 1990) throughout leaf expansion.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```We used the stepwise multiple linear regression that accounts for repeated measurements in the same dog (4) first to test whether there was a difference among values for resistances and for elastances between control and emphysema at each mean Paw, considering the entire range of f and VT of forcing.```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```Apical color M-mode recordings were obtained at a depth of 16 to 18 cm and a Nyquist limit of 18 to 25 cm/s (15).```
Sample intent: method
Sample text:```It is also in agreement with those of Stansley et al. (1997) who obtained high mortality in R. palustris tadpoles, exposed from the egg stage for 10 days to a total mean lead concentration of 1.670 and 0.944 mg Pb/l.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```Illustra PuReTaq ReadyTo-Go PCR beads (0.5 ml tubes, GE healthcare) were used to amplify DTL, SLFN5, TRIM47, WRAP53 and CHN1 transcripts (denaturing at 94uC for 30 s, annealing at 58uC for 1 min and elongation at 72uC for 2 min, 25‚Äì35 cycles).```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```Among these, nanocarbons are now considered the most promising fillers for the development of high performance materials [28–34].```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```The items are internally consistent and reproducible and the questionnaire may therefore be considered to have at least as favourable levels of reliability as clinical scores used to assess outcomes (Koran 1975).```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```Apical color M-mode recordings were obtained at a depth of 16 to 18 cm and a Nyquist limit of 18 to 25 cm/s (15).```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Our heritability result is generally in agreement with the studies of Kien et al. (2008) in Eucalyptus urophylla and Zhao et al. (2014a) in poplar.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```We used the stepwise multiple linear regression that accounts for repeated measurements in the same dog (4) first to test whether there was a difference among values for resistances and for elastances between control and emphysema at each mean Paw, considering the entire range of f and VT of forcing.```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```The literature describes substantial variation in dentists’ assessments of clinical, community, and behavioral factors that influence their decisions to provide a particular restorative treatment for their patients (21-23).```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Furthermore, at many places the compact lamination of the
granule cells is lost resulting in granule cell dispersion (GCD; Houser, 1990).```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```They play an important
role in stabilizing coordination geometries, adjusting ligand donor strengths, and mediating proton transfer reactions (Span et al. 2017; Holm et al. 1996; Makris et al. 2007).```
Sample intent: method