Next, the role of AMPK in mediating the effects of apelin was investigated since apelin is known to activate AMPK in skeletal muscle (4) and AMPK is involved in both FAO (24) and mitochondrial biogenesis (25).
Sample text:```Intriguingly, using MPRs-deficient MEF cells, mouse and human CLN5 have been shown to reach lysosomes in an MPRindependent manner [12].```
Sample intent: background
Sample text:```In the late differentiation phases of somatotroph cells, GHRH activates Gs alpha, cAMP, and the protein kinase A pathway through its cell membrane receptor GHRH-R (1,10,11).```
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Sample text:```In line with previous results (3, 19, 20, 30), we found that during muscle contraction ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased and was not affected by CaMKII inhibition.```
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Sample text:```The effect of O2 appears to be mediated at least in part by prolyl 4-hydroxylation of Skp1, because elevated O2 levels are required by phyA – and Skp1-overexpression strains, and lower O2 is required by PhyA overexpression and Skp1B cells [10,24].```
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Sample text:```ly), which have been originally identified as molecules activated by growth factor-stimulation of fibroblusts, are key kinases in the intracellular signal transduction pathways (1-6).```
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Sample text:```Although the time-constants of the learning window used in this study were much shorter than those reported for hippocampal neurons by Bi and Poo [27] (viz.```
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Sample text:```The inter-relationships between K1, K1O and anticoagulants in dogs and humans have been previously investigated [25, 26].```
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Sample text:```Isolation of cardiomyocytes by standard enzymatic techniques and patch-clamp recordings were performed as described previously [42].```
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Sample text:```They demonstrated by in vitro and ex vivo studies that ATP1A1 mutants showed loss of pump activity and strongly reduced affinity for potassium, causing inappropriate depolarization of the cells (Beuschlein et al. 2013).```
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Sample text:```The ¬¨¬µ-opioid receptor agonist morphine also induced inhibitory effects in both assays, in accordance with previous reports describing the opiate-mediated inhibition of the BSL evoked in mice by excitatory amino acids and neurokinins (Aanonsen et al. 1987; Takahasi et al. 1987; Wilcox 1988).```
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Sample text:```The effect of O2 appears to be mediated at least in part by prolyl 4-hydroxylation of Skp1, because elevated O2 levels are required by phyA – and Skp1-overexpression strains, and lower O2 is required by PhyA overexpression and Skp1B cells [10,24].```
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Sample text:```Several studies have shown that a major function of PP2A is downregulation of the Ras/MAP kinase pathway (2, 3, 22, 30, 50, 51, 53).```
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Sample text:```Intriguingly, using MPRs-deficient MEF cells, mouse and human CLN5 have been shown to reach lysosomes in an MPRindependent manner [12].```
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Sample text:```Our results show that after 4 h of thiotepa treatment, the level of expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was not changed; this confirms the results of a previous study [25].```
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Sample text:```In line with previous results (3, 19, 20, 30), we found that during muscle contraction ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased and was not affected by CaMKII inhibition.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```Although the time-constants of the learning window used in this study were much shorter than those reported for hippocampal neurons by Bi and Poo [27] (viz.```
Sample intent: background