The first one is the widely publicized Landau benchmark transmission system (Landau et al., 1995b): a tracking problem with a step disturbance rejection objective in an essentially noise-free environment.
Sample text:```Discrepancies analogous to those between our results and those of simulations have, indeed, recently been observed in the case of the binary perceptron [18], the pspin interaction spin glass [19], and in the case of fluctuating manifolds in random media [20], where dynamically frozen phases were observed in regions of parameter space in which static approaches yielded ergodic phases.```
Sample intent: result
Sample text:```In this study, we generalized previous results regarding the quasi-Gaussian shape and the scalar property using the SBF model [13,21,52].```
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Sample text:```We consider as unknown true system the half-load model of the flexible transmission system used as a benchmark in a special issue of the European Journal of Control (Landau et al., 1995b).```
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Sample text:```The adopted theoretical formulation expands on the USVA theory for two confocal beams in the case of lossless media [4,5], by also including absorption in the analytical model.```
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Sample text:```…methods rely on some additional and often heuristic step to generate an initial solution, such as adversarially-trained neural networks [Conneau et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2017a,b], robust self-learning [Artetxe et al., 2018b] or
5This can be easily verified by noting that the…```
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Sample text:```Following the experimental design proposed in Yannakakis and Hallam (2007c) and Yannakakis et al. (2008) for effectively capturing the level of entertainment, the test-bed game under investigation is played in variants.```
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Sample text:```…methods rely on some additional and often heuristic step to generate an initial solution, such as adversarially-trained neural networks [Conneau et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2017a,b], robust self-learning [Artetxe et al., 2018b] or
5This can be easily verified by noting that the…```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```We consider as unknown true system the half-load model of the flexible transmission system used as a benchmark in a special issue of the European Journal of Control (Landau et al., 1995b).```
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Sample text:```The above estimator generalizes the estimator in Sriperumbudur et al., 2017 to conditional densities.```
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Sample text:```In the first pass, we display the diffuse lobe of the BRDF through spherical harmonic environment map rendering [Ramamoorthi and Hanrahan 2001].```
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Sample text:```These are in keeping with earlier studies on the steadystate response (2, 5, 8), step-function response, (3, 5, 6, 14) and sinusoidal response ( 14) of the various vascular beds.```
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Sample text:```As a novel biomechanical analysis from video recordings, a Model-Based Image-Matching (MBIM) motion analysis technique has been introduced to investigate human motion from uncalibrated video sequences (Krosshaug and Bahr, 2005).```
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Sample text:```The present observations support and extend earlier contentions that Parkinson patients prefer to adopt a closedloop control mode, adjusting their movements continuously on the basis of available visual information (Flowers 1976).```
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Sample text:```Finding optimal paths in dynamic environments has attracted significant attention in the robotics community (See Latombe (1990); LaValle (1999); Lu et al (2015); Jur (2007) and the references therein).```
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Sample text:```This seems to be the main drawback of the current implementation in comparison to the method of Black Jepson (“refined” in Table 1).```
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Sample text:```Following the experimental design proposed in Yannakakis and Hallam (2007c) and Yannakakis et al. (2008) for effectively capturing the level of entertainment, the test-bed game under investigation is played in variants.```
Sample intent: background