Moreover, even though working memory is a critical cognitive component of chess performance, maintenance of chess expertise through actively playing chess produces life-span curves of chess performance that do not resemble the curves for standard working-memory tasks (Roring & Charness, 2007).
Sample text:```Our results on working memory performance are similar to those of earlier studies (e.g. Archbold et al., 2009; Cosentino et al., 2008; Naegele et al., 2006) in showing impaired working memory in the OSA group.```
Sample intent: result
Sample text:```Executive function skills rely heavily on frontal lobe development (Goldman-Rakic, 1987; Casey et al., 1997; Rubia et al., 2003), which has been noted to peak in structural maturation during adolescence (Giedd et al.```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Importantly, brain atrophy measures based on T1w images are shown to correlate with the amount of tau deposition and neuropsychological deficits, thus validating its use as a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Frisoni et al., 2010).```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Third, since we compared the same groups of participants also with respect to basic visuomotor tasks (Huestegge et al. 2009a), we already know that the present cannabis group exhibits deficits in basic oculomotor control.```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Following the experimental design proposed in Yannakakis and Hallam (2007c) and Yannakakis et al. (2008) for effectively capturing the level of entertainment, the test-bed game under investigation is played in variants.```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```Using the previously validated methodology for measuring mental workload, [20] any response to the vibration stimulus of more than the upper limit of normal (1350 ms) was regarded as evidence of cognitive overload.```
Sample intent: background
Sample text:```Third, since we compared the same groups of participants also with respect to basic visuomotor tasks (Huestegge et al. 2009a), we already know that the present cannabis group exhibits deficits in basic oculomotor control.```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Our results on working memory performance are similar to those of earlier studies (e.g. Archbold et al., 2009; Cosentino et al., 2008; Naegele et al., 2006) in showing impaired working memory in the OSA group.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```Executive function skills rely heavily on frontal lobe development (Goldman-Rakic, 1987; Casey et al., 1997; Rubia et al., 2003), which has been noted to peak in structural maturation during adolescence (Giedd et al.```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```The results for veridical recall replicated previous results in the literature (Bal-
lardini et al., 2008; McDermott & Watson, 2001), with the average recall of studied words increas-
ing monotonically as SOA increased.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```Using the previously validated methodology for measuring mental workload, [20] any response to the vibration stimulus of more than the upper limit of normal (1350 ms) was regarded as evidence of cognitive overload.```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```Although the time-constants of the learning window used in this study were much shorter than those reported for hippocampal neurons by Bi and Poo [27] (viz.```
Sample intent: background



Sample text:```Similarly, in a study on 60 subjects, blinks were measured at the beginning and end of a working day (Caffier et al., 2003). Although no significant difference between alert and drowsy phases was found, a slightly decreased blink rate during drowsy phase was reported. However, these results contradict the findings of Morris and Miller (1996) about the efficiency of F in a moving base-flight simulator with 10 sleep-deprived pilots.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```Discrepancies analogous to those between our results and those of simulations have, indeed, recently been observed in the case of the binary perceptron [18], the pspin interaction spin glass [19], and in the case of fluctuating manifolds in random media [20], where dynamically frozen phases were observed in regions of parameter space in which static approaches yielded ergodic phases.```
Sample intent: result



Sample text:```The existence of time delay may lead to some more complicated dynamic behaviors such as oscillation, divergence, chaos, instability or other poor performance of the neural networks [6].```
Sample intent: method



Sample text:```Following the experimental design proposed in Yannakakis and Hallam (2007c) and Yannakakis et al. (2008) for effectively capturing the level of entertainment, the test-bed game under investigation is played in variants.```
Sample intent: background