Imagebased models yielded joint kinematics, net joint moments, hip joint forces, muscle activation patterns and bone strains in the proximal-lateral femoral shaft in agreement with earlier studies (Aamodt et al., 1997; Bergmann et al., 2001; Inman et al., 1989; Kadaba et al., 1989; Stacoff et al., 2005). We found errors in the hip-joint-centre location of up to 2.01 cm for the scaled-generic model, which is similar to the 2.09 proximal shift of the hip-jointcentre location reported by Lenaerts et al. (2009). Errors in the flexion–extension moment arms of the hip-spanning muscles over the investigated activities were as high as 38.9% (Table 3), which agrees with the 36.3% error reported by Scheys et al. (2008) for gait. The 0.52 BW difference between scaled-generic and imagebased hip joint forces reported by Lenaerts et al. (2009) for walking compares well with the 0.