title: Robert N. Butler
text: Robert Neil Butler (January 21, 1927 – July 4, 2010) was an American physician, gerontologist, psychiatrist, and author, who was the first director of the National Institute on Aging. Butler is known for his work on the social needs and the rights of the elderly and for his research on healthy aging and the dementias.
  
  Background 
  Having grown up with his grandparents in Vineland, New Jersey, Butler was shocked by the dismissive and contemptuous attitude toward the elderly and their diseases by many of his teachers at medical school, an attitude he later characterized as "ageism".
  
  He graduated from Columbia College of Columbia University, where he was editor of the Columbia Daily Spectator and a member of the Philolexian Society.
  
  Career 
  Butler was a principal investigator of one of the first interdisciplinary, comprehensive, longitudinal studies of healthy community-residing older persons, conducted at the National Institute of Mental Health (1955–1966), which resulted in the landmark book Human Aging. His research helped establish the fact that senility was not inevitable with aging, but is a consequence of disease.
  
  In 1969, he coined the term ageism to describe discrimination against seniors; the term was patterned on sexism and racism. Butler defined "ageism" as a combination of three connected elements. Among them were prejudicial attitudes towards older people, old age, and the aging process; discriminatory practices against older people; and institutional practices and policies that perpetuate stereotypes about elderly people.
  
  In 1975, he became the founding Director of the National Institute on Aging (NIA) of the National Institutes of Health, where he remained until 1982. At the National Institute on Aging he established Alzheimer's disease as a national research priority.
  
  In 1982, he founded the Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development at the Mount Sinai Medical Center, the first department of geriatrics in a United States medical school. In addition, Butler helped found the Alzheimer's Disease Association, the American Association of Geriatric Psychiatry, the American Federation for Aging Research and the Alliance for Aging Research.
  
  Butler was the founder, chief executive officer, and president of the International Longevity Center-USA, a non-profit international organization created to educate people on how to live longer and better. The International Longevity Center-USA is now housed at the Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, a university-wide center of Columbia University based at the Mailman School of Public Health
  
  Publications 
  Butler is best known for his 1975 book Why Survive? Being Old In America, which won the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction in 1976. A 2003 paperback edition is currently available ().
  
  Recent books
  
   Aging and Mental Health: Positive Psychosocial and Biomedical Approaches (with Myrna I. Lewis and Trey Sunderland, 1998) ()
    Life in an Older America (2001) ()
   The New Love and Sex After 60 (with Myrna I. Lewis, 2002) ()
   The Longevity Prescription: The 8 Proven Keys to a Long, Healthy Life, 2010 (; ).
  
  Butler authored 300 scientific and medical articles.
  
  Awards 
  Butler was the recipient of the 10th Annual Heinz Award in the Human Condition category. The award recognized his work in advancing the rights and needs of the nation's aging citizenry and enhancing the quality of life for elderly Americans.
  
  He received honorary degrees from the University of Gothenburg in Sweden and the University of Southern California as well as  other awards such as the Lienhard Medal of the Institute of Medicine and a Hall of Fame Award from the American Society of Aging.
  
  Film appearance
  Butler is featured in the 2009 documentary film, I Remember Better When I Paint, which examines the positive impact of art on people with Alzheimer's disease and how these approaches can change the way the disease is viewed by society.
  
  References
  
  External links 
  Interview with Dr. Robert Butler on Baby Boomers and Creative Aging
   International Longevity Center-USA 
   "A Last Conversation With Dr. Robert Butler, by JOSHUA TAPPER, The New York Times, July 7, 2010
  Obituary, "Doctor who Worked to Change Perceptions of Ageing and the Aged", The Guardian, July 18, 2010
  Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center
  
  1927 births
  2010 deaths
  Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai faculty
  American gerontologists
  American medical academics
  People from Vineland, New Jersey
  Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction winners
  Columbia College (New York) alumni
  Deaths from leukemia
  20th-century American non-fiction writers
  21st-century American non-fiction writers
  American psychiatrists
  Members of the National Academy of Medicine
  National Institutes of Health people
  Burials at Rock Creek Cemetery