title: Ambracia
text: Ambracia (; , occasionally , Ampracia) was a city of ancient Greece on the site of modern Arta. It was founded by the Corinthians in 625 BC and was situated about  from the Ambracian Gulf, on a bend of the navigable river Arachthos (or Aratthus), in the midst of a fertile wooded plain.
  
  History
  Ambracia was founded between 650 and 625 BC by Gorgus, son of the Corinthian tyrant Cypselus, at which time its economy was based on farmlands, fishing, timber for shipbuilding, and the exportation of the produce of Epirus. After the expulsion of Gorgus's son Periander its government developed into a strong democracy.  The early policy of Ambracia was determined by its loyalty to Corinth (for which it probably served as an entrepot in the Epirus trade), and its consequent aversion to Corcyra (as Ambracia participated on the Corinthian side at the Battle of Sybota, which took place in 433 BC between the rebellious Corinthian colony of Corcyra (modern Corfu) and Corinth).
  
  Ambraciot politics featured many frontier disputes with the Amphilochians and Acarnanians.  Hence it took a prominent part in the Peloponnesian War until the crushing defeat at Idomene (426), which crippled its resources.
  
  In the 4th century BC it continued its traditional policy, but in 338 was besieged by Philip II of Macedon. With the assistance of Corinth and Athens, it escaped complete domination at Philip's hands, but was nevertheless forced to accept a Macedonian garrison.  In 294 BC, after forty-three years of semi-autonomy under Macedonian suzerainty, Ambracia was given by the son of Cassander to Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, who made it his capital, and adorned it with palace, temples and theatres.  In the wars of Philip V of Macedon and the Epirotes against the Aetolian League (220–205) Ambracia passed from one alliance to the other, but ultimately joined the latter confederacy.  During the struggle of the Aetolians against Rome, it stood a stubborn siege, including the first known use of poison gas against the Romans' siege tunnels.
  
  Ambracia was captured and plundered by Marcus Fulvius Nobilior in 189 BC, after which it was declared by Rome a "free city", and gradually fell into insignificance.  The foundation by Augustus of Nicopolis, into which the remaining inhabitants were drafted, left the site desolate.  In Byzantine times a new settlement took its place under the name of Arta. Some fragmentary walls of large, well-dressed blocks near this latter town indicate the early prosperity of Ambracia.
  
  Ambraciotes
  
  Artists
  Epigonus of Ambracia, 6th BC musician
  Nicocles, auletes
  Hippasus, tragic actor
  Epicrates of Ambracia, c. 4th BC comic poet
  
  Athletes
  Sophron, Stadion Olympics 432 BC
  Tlasimachus, Tethrippon and Synoris Olympics  296 BC
  Andromachus, Stadion Olympics 60 BC
  
  Various
  Silanus of Ambracia, 5th BC seer
  Cleombrotus of Ambracia, student of Plato
  
  See also
  List of cities in ancient Epirus
  List of ancient Greek cities
  
  References 
  
  Attribution:
  
  Cities in ancient Epirus
  Populated places established in the 7th century BC
  Corinthian colonies
  Former populated places in Greece
  Populated places in ancient Acarnania
  Populated places in ancient Epirus
  Pyrrhus of Epirus
  Archaeological sites in Epirus (region)
  Arta, Greece