title: Limnonectes
text: Limnonectes is a genus of fork-tongued frogs of about 75 known species, but new ones are still being described occasionally. They are collectively known as fanged frogs because they tend to have unusually large teeth, which are small or absent in other frogs.
  
  Habitat
  These frogs are found throughout East and Southeast Asia, most commonly near forest streams. Multiple species of Limnonectes may occupy the same area in harmony. Large-bodied species cluster around fast rivers, while smaller ones live among leaf-litter or on stream banks. The Indonesian island of Sulawesi is home to at least 15 species of this frog, only four of which have been formally described.
  
  Lifecycle
  Tadpoles of this genus have adapted to a variety of conditions. Most species (e.g. Blyth's river frog L. blythii or the fanged river frog L. macrodon) develop normally, with free-swimming tadpoles that eat food. The tadpoles of the corrugated frog (L. laticeps) are free-swimming but endotrophic, meaning they do not eat but live on stored yolk until metamorphosis into frogs. Before, L. limborgi was assumed to have direct development (eggs hatching as tiny, full-formed frogs), but more careful observations have showed it has free-swimming but endotrophic larvae; this probably applies to the closely related L. hascheanus, too. L. larvaepartus is the only known species of frog that gives live birth to tadpoles. Parental care is performed by males.
  
  Species
  
   Limnonectes acanthi (Taylor, 1923) – Busuanga wart frog
   Limnonectes arathooni (Smith, 1927) – Djikoro wart frog; (Endangered)
   Limnonectes asperatus
   Limnonectes bannaensis Ye, Fei, Xie & Jiang, 2007
   Limnonectes beloncioi Herr, Vallejos, Meneses, Abraham, Otterholt, Siler, Rico & Brown, 2021 – Mindoro fanged frog
   Limnonectes blythii – Blyth's river frog, giant Asian river frog
   Limnonectes cintalubang (Matsui, Nishikawa & Eto, 2014)
   Limnonectes coffeatus Phimmachak, Sivongxay, Seateun, Yodthong, Rujirawan, Neang, Aowphol, and Stuart, 2018
   Limnonectes conspicillatus (Günther, 1872)
   Limnonectes dabanus
   Limnonectes dammermani – Dammerman's wart frog
   Limnonectes deinodon  Dehling, 2014
   Limnonectes diuatus – eastern Mindanao frog, Tagibo wart frog
   Limnonectes doriae – Burmese wart frog, Doria's frog, or red stream frog
   Limnonectes fastigatus Stuart, Schoen, Nelson, Maher, Neang, Rowley & McLeod, 2020
   Limnonectes ferneri
   Limnonectes finchi – Finch's wart frog
   Limnonectes fragilis
   Limnonectes fujianensis
   Limnonectes grunniens
   Limnonectes gyldenstolpei
   Limnonectes hascheanus (sometimes separated in Taylorana)
   Limnonectes heinrichi
   Limnonectes hikidai Matsui & Nishikawa, 2014
   Limnonectes ibanorum
   Limnonectes ingeri
   Limnonectes isanensis McLeod, Kelly, and Barley, 2012 
   Limnonectes jarujini Matsui et al., 2010
   Limnonectes kadarsani
   Limnonectes kenepaiensis
   Limnonectes khammonensis
   Limnonectes khasianus
   Limnonectes kiziriani Pham, Le, Ngo, Ziegler, and Nguyen, 2018 
   Limnonectes kohchangae
   Limnonectes kong Dehling and Dehling, 2017
   Limnonectes kuhlii – Kuhl's Creek frog, large-headed frog
   Limnonectes larvaepartus
   Limnonectes lauhachindai (Aowphol, Rujirawan, Taksintum, Chuaynkern & Stuart. 2015)
   Limnonectes leporinus – giant river frog
   Limnonectes leytensis – small disked frog, swamp frog
   Limnonectes limborgi
   Limnonectes liui (Yang, 1983)
   Limnonectes longchuanensis (Suwannapoom, Yuan, Sullivan & McLeod, 2016)
   Limnonectes macrocephalus – Luzon fanged frog
   Limnonectes macrodon (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) – fanged river frog, Javan giant frog, Malaya wart frog, stone creek frog
   Limnonectes macrognathus
   Limnonectes magnus (Stejneger, 1910) – giant Philippine frog, large swamp frog, Mindanao fanged frog
   Limnonectes malesianus – Malesian frog, peat swamp frog
   Limnonectes mawlyndipi
   Limnonectes megastomias McLeod, 2008
   Limnonectes micrixalus
   Limnonectes microdiscus
   Limnonectes microtympanum
   Limnonectes mocquardi (Mocquard, 1890)
   Limnonectes modestus
   Limnonectes namiyei – Namiye's frog
   Limnonectes nguyenorum
   Limnonectes nitidus
   Limnonectes palavanensis
   Limnonectes paramacrodon
   Limnonectes parvus – Philippine small-disked frog
   Limnonectes plicatellus
   Limnonectes poilani
   Limnonectes quangninhensis Pham, Le, Nguyen, Ziegler, Wu, and Nguyen, 2017
   Limnonectes rhacoda
   Limnonectes savan Phimmachak, Richards, Sivongxay, Seateun, Chuaynkern, Makchai, Som & Stuart, 2019
   Limnonectes selatan Matsui, Belabut, and Ahmad, 2014
   Limnonectes shompenorum
   Limnonectes sinuatodorsalis  Matsui, 2015
   Limnonectes sisikdagu McLeod, Horner, Husted, Barley, and Iskandar, 2011 
   Limnonectes taylori Matsui et al., 2010
   Limnonectes timorensis (Smith, 1927)
   Limnonectes tweediei
   Limnonectes utara Matsui, Belabut, and Ahmad, 2014
   Limnonectes visayanus – giant Visayan frog
   Limnonectes woodworthi – Woodworth's frog
  
  Phylogeny
  
  Pyron & Wiens (2011)
  The following phylogeny of Limnonectes is from Pyron & Wiens (2011). 35 species are included. Limnonectes is a sister group of Nanorana.
  
  Aowphol, et al. (2015)
  The following Limnonectes phylogeny is from Aowphol, et al. (2015). 20 species are included.
  
  McLeod, et al. (2015)
  Below is a phylogeny of species within the L. kuhlii species complex (McLeod, et al. 2015). Limnonectes longchuanensis, Limnonectes hikidai, and Limnonectes cintalubang are also part of the L. kuhlii species complex.
  
  References
  
   
  Dicroglossidae
  Amphibians of Asia
  Amphibian genera
  Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger