title: List of First Nations peoples
text: The following is a partial list of First Nations peoples of Canada, organized by linguistic-cultural area. It only includes First Nations people, which by definition excludes Metis and Canadian Inuit groups. The areas used here are in accordance to those developed by the ethnologist and linguist Edward Sapir, and used by the Canadian Museum of Civilization.
  
  Northwest Coast
  These people traditionally eat fish, primarily salmon and eulachon from the ocean, as well as fish from lakes and rivers, and roots and berries. Recently discovered clam gardens suggest that they were not limited only to hunting and gathering. They made use of the forests of the Pacific to build dug-out canoes, and houses made of evenly split planks of wood. They used tools made of stone and wood. The native peoples of the Pacific coast also make totem poles, a trait attributed to other tribes as well. In 2000 a land claim was settled between the Nisga'a people of British Columbia and the provincial government, resulting in the return of over 2,000 square kilometres of land to the Nisga'a. Major ethnicities include the:
  Coast Salish peoples
  Shishalh (Sechelt)
  Squamish
  Pentlatch (a.k.a. Puntledge, extinct)
  Qualicum
  Comox-speaking:
  K'omoks (Kwak'wala speaking today)
  Sliammon 
  Homalco
  Klahoose
  Halkomelem-speaking
  Hulquminum (Island Halkomelem):
  Hwlitsum (Lamalcha or Lamalchi)
  Snuneymuxw (Nanaimo)
  Snaw-naw-as (Nanoose)
  Cowichan
  Somena (S’amuna’)
  Quw'utsun
  Quamichan
  Clemclemaluts (L’uml’umuluts)
  Comiaken (Qwum’yiqun’)
  Khenipsen (Hinupsum)
  Kilpahlas (Tl’ulpalus)
  Koksilah (Hwulqwselu)
  Penelakut
  Hunquminum (Downriver Halkomelem)
  Musqueam
  Tsleil-Waututh (Burrard)
  Katzie
  Kwantlen
  Kwikwetlem (Coquitlam)
  Snokomish (extinct)
  Tsawwassen
  Halqemeylem (Upriver Halkomelem)
  Sts'Ailes (Chehalis)
  Sto:lo (Fraser River Salish)
  Aitchelitz
  Leq'á:mel
  Matsqui
  Popkum
  Skway
  Skawahlook
  Skowkale
  Squiala
  Sumas
  Tzeachten
  Yakweakwioose
  Chawathil
  Cheam
  Kwaw-kwaw-Apilt
  Sq'éwlets (Scowlitz)
  Seabird Island
  Shxw'ow'hamel
  Soowahlie
  North Straits Salish-speaking
  Songhees (a.k.a. Songish, a.k.a. Lekwungen)
  T'Souke (Sooke)
  Semiahmoo
  Malahat
  Lummi
  Klallam
  Tsartlip
  Tsawout
  Tseycum
  Pauquachin
  Esquimalt
  New Westminster (no language affiliation)
  Nuxálk (Bella Coola)
  Kimsquit
  Tallheo
  Stuie
  Kwatna
  Tsimshianic peoples (Northern Mainland)
  Tsimshian (Sm'algyax speaking)
  Gitxsan (Gitxsanimaax speaking)
  Nisga'a
  Haida (Haad kil speaking)
  Southern Wakashan peoples
  Nuu-chah-nulth (incorrectly called Nootka)
  Tla-o-qui-aht (Clayoquot)
  Mowachaht-Muchalaht
  Ahousaht (formed from the merger of the Ahousaht and Kelsemeht bands in 1951)
  Ehattesaht
  Hesquiaht
  Cheklesahht
  Kyuquot
  Nuchatlaht
  Huu-ay-aht (formerly Ohiaht)
  Hupacasath (formerly Opetchesaht)
  Toquaht
  Tseshaht
  Uchucklesaht
  Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ (Ucluelet)
  Ditidaht
  Pacheedaht
  Northern Wakashan peoples (Central Coast)
  Kwakwaka'wakw
  Laich-kwil-tach (Euclataws/Yuculta a.k.a. Southern Kwakiutl)
  Weewaikai (Cape Mudge)
  Wewaykum (Campbell River)
  Kwiakah
  Koskimo
  'Namgis (Nimpkish)
  Haisla (Kitamaat)
  Henaksiala
  Heiltsuk (Bella Bella, at the community of the same name)
  Wuikinuxv (Owekeeno)
  Tsetsaut (extinct Athapaskan-speakers)
  
  Plains
  
  These people traditionally used tipis covered with skins as their homes. Their main sustenance was the bison, which they used as food, as well as for all their garments. The leaders of some Plains tribes wore large headdresses made of feathers, something which is wrongfully attributed by some to all First Nations peoples. Major ethnicities include the:
   Anishinaabe
   Plains-Ojibwa
   Blackfoot
   Kainai (Blood)
   North Peigan
   Siksika
   Dene
   Chipewyan
   Nakoda
   Assiniboine
   Stoney
   Plains-Cree
   Tsuut'ina (Sarcee)
  
  Plateau
   Ktunaxa (Kootenay)
   Okanagan
   Sinixt
   St'at'imc (Lillooet)
   Lil'wat
  Lower Stl'atl'imx (Skatin, Semahquam, Xa'xtsa)
  Nequatque
   Nicola
   Nicola Athapaskans (extinct)
   Nlaka'pamux (Thompson)
   Secwepemc (Shuswap)
  
  Western subarctic
  These peoples live in the boreal forest in what are now Canada's western provinces and territories. They were originally hunter-gatherers dependent on caribou, moose and the fur trade. Most spoke Athapaskan languages except the Crees and Inland Tlingit. Major ethnicities in the Yukon, Northwest Territories and the northern parts of the western provinces (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba) include the following:
  Cree
  Dakelh (Carrier)
  Wet'suwet'en
  Lheidli T'enneh 
  Dene
  Chipewyan
  Sahtu (includes Bearlake, Hare and Mountain peoples)
  Slavey
  Tlicho
  Yellowknives
  Dane-zaa (also Dunne-za, Beaver, Tasttine)
  Gwich'in (Kutchin, Loucheaux)
  Hän
  Kaska
  Sekani
  Tagish
  Tahltan
  Inland Tlingit
  Áa Tlein Kwáan (Atlin people)
  Deisleen Kwáan (Teslin people)
  Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)
  Southern and Northern Tutchone
  
  Woodlands and eastern subarctic
  
  Major ethnicities include the:
  Abenaki
  Anishinaabe
  Algonquin
  Nipissing
  Ojibwa
  Mississaugas
  Saulteaux
  Oji-cree
  Ottawa (Odawa)
  Potawatomi
  Cree
  Innu
  Naskapi
  
  Atlantic coastal region
  Beothuk (Newfoundland extinct)
  Innu (Labrador)
  Maliseet
  Mi'kmaq (Micmac)
  Passamaquoddy
  Hydin
  
  St. Lawrence River Valley
  The largest First Nations group near the St. Lawrence waterway are the Iroquois. This area also includes the Wyandot (formerly referred to as the Huron) peoples of central Ontario, and the League of Five Nations who had lived in the United States, south of Lake Ontario.  Major ethnicities include the:
  Anishinaabe
  Algonquin
  Nipissing
  Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)
  Cayuga (Guyohkohnyo)
  Mohawk (Kanien'kéhaka)
  Oneida (Onayotekaono)
  Onondaga (Onundagaono)
  Seneca (Onondowahgah)
  Tuscarora (Ska-Ruh-Reh)
  Munsee branch of the Lenape (Delawares)
  Neutral
  Petun (Tobacco)
  Wyandot (Huron)
  
  See also
  
  Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
  Indigenous languages of the Americas
  List of Canadian Inuit
  List of First Nations governments
  List of Indian reserves in Canada
  List of Indian reserves in Canada by population
  List of place names in Canada of Aboriginal origin
  Notable Aboriginal people of Canada
  
  Notes
  
  First Nations
  First Nations peoples
  First Nations