title: Doctor of both laws
text: A  doctor of both laws, from the Latin , , or  ("doctor of both laws") (abbreviations include: JUD, IUD, DUJ, JUDr., DUI, DJU, Dr.iur.utr., Dr.jur.utr., DIU, UJD and UID), is a scholar who has acquired a doctorate in both civil and church law. The degree was common among Roman Catholic and German scholars of the Middle Ages and early modern times. Today the degree is awarded by the Pontifical Lateran University after a period of six years of study, by the University of Würzburg, and by the University of Fribourg, as well as the University of Cologne.
  
  Between approximately the twelfth through the eighteenth centuries European students of law mastered the Ius commune, a pan-European legal system that held sway during that span.  It was composed of canon (church) law and Roman and feudal (civil) law, resulting in the degree of "Doctor of both laws". or of "Licentiatus of both laws".
  
  Doctors of Civil and Canon Law
  Agliardi, Antonio, Cardinal, Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals
  Arregui Yarza, Antonio, Metropolitan Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guayaquil, Ecuador
  Thomas Bach
  Pope Benedict XIV
  Bevilacqua, Anthony, Cardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of Philadelphia (USA)
   Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de Boisgelin
  St. Charles Borromeo
   Edoardo Borromeo
   Sebastian Brant
   Giacomo Luigi Brignole
   Giovanni Battista Bussi (1755–1844)
   Antonio Maria Cagiano de Azevedo
   Étienne Hubert de Cambacérès
   Giovanni Battista Caprara
   Filippo Giudice Caracciolo
   Domenico Carafa della Spina di Traetto
   Francesco Carafa di Trajetto
  Carafa, Pierluigi (iuniore), Cardinal, Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Dean of the College of Cardinals
  Luigi Dadaglio, Cardinal, Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary
   Antonio Despuig y Dameto
   Michele di Pietro
  Domenico Ferrata, Cardinal, Secretary of State
   Giuseppe Milesi Pironi Ferretti
  Michael J. Fitzgerald, Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia
  Enrico Gasparri, Cardinal, Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
  Pietro Gasparri, Cardinal, Secretary of State, codifier of 1917 Code of Canon Law
   Pietro Giannelli
   Giacomo Giustiniani
  Józef Glemp, Cardinal, late Archbishop emeritus of Warsaw (Poland)
  Archbishop Filippo Iannone, appointed Vicegerent of the Diocese of Rome 31 January 2012
  Stephan Kuttner, Professor, Catholic University of America, Yale University, and University of California at Berkeley, founder of the Stephan Kuttner Institute of Medieval Canon Law
   Carlo Laurenzi
  Pope Leo XIII
  Alphonsus Maria de Liguori, Bishop of Sant'Agata de' Goti
  Listecki, Jerome Edward, Archbishop of Milwaukee (USA)
   Vincenzo Macchi
   Lorenzo Girolamo Mattei
   Teodolfo Mertel, last lay cardinal in the Catholic Church
   Denzil Meuli, priest of the diocese of Auckland
   Alfonso Ortiz, editor of the Mozarabic Missal (1500) and Breviary (1502)
  J. K. Paasikivi, President of Finland
  Giovanni Panico, cardinal and nuncio
  Salvatore Pappalardo, Cardinal, Archbishop of Palermo (Italy)
  Thomas J. Paprocki, Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Illinois (USA)
  Peters, Edward N., Catholic University of America, 1991
  Luigi Poggi, Cardinal, Archivist and Librarian Emeritus of the Holy Roman Church
  Mario Francesco Pompedda, Cardinal, Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
  Pietro Respighi, Cardinal, Archpriest of the Basilica of St. John Lateran
   Gabriele della Genga Sermattei
   K. J. Ståhlberg, President of Finland
   Alessandro Verde, Cardinal, Archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore (Italy)
   Pietro Vidoni
   Carlo Maria Viganò, Archbishop at the centre of the Vatileaks scandal
   Jan Wężyk
   Jean-Baptiste van Dievoet (1775-1862) JUL (Juris Utriusque Licentiatus) of the Old University of Leuven.
  Antonín Theodor Colloredo-Waldsee, Cardinal, Archbishop of Olomouc
  
  See also
  Doctor of Canon Law
  Legum Doctor
  
  References
  
  Laws, Doctor
  Law degrees
  Religious degrees
  Dual academic degrees
  Academic canon law