title: Kol people
text: The Kol people referred to a group of tribal communities of Chotanagpur in eastern parts of India. Historically, the Mundas, Oraons, Hos and Bhumijs were called Kols by the British.
  
  It also refers to some tribes and castes of south-east Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. They are mostly Indigenous people and dependent on forest produce to make a living, and they have their own land. The caste has several exogamous clans, including the Bhil, Chero, Monasi, Rautia, Raut, Gauthiya Rojaboria‚ Rautel and Thakuria. They speaks the Baghelkhandi dialect. Around 1 million lives in Madhya Pradesh while another 5 lakh lives in Uttar Pradesh.
  
  Once spelled "Kole", the swaths of land they inhabited in the 19th-century were called "Kolean".
  
  Etymology
  Kol was generic term for non-Aryan people in Chotanagpur such as Oraon and Munda. The term Kola mentioned in Rigveda. According to legend, Yayati, the son of Nahus divided his kingdom for his five sons. Then after ten generation, India was divided among four brothers; Pandya, Krala, Kola and Chola. According to Markandeya Purana, the Aryan princess Suratha was defeated by some unclean tribe called Kolabidhansinah means slayer of Pig. According to Herr Jelinghans, Kolarian tribes who eat pig were considered unclean by the hindus. Another meaning of Kol is Pig.
  
  History
  Colonel Edward Tuite Dalton has refferd to non-Aryan Kolarian and Dravidian tribals of Chotanagpur as Kol such as Munda, Oraon, Ho, Santal, Bhumij, Juang, etc in his writings in 1867. According to him, the word is epithets of abuse applied by the Brahmin races to the aboriginals who opposed their settlements. In Chotanagpur, the term kol generally applied to Munda and Oraon. Although, Oraon and Munda celebrate same festivals, but they don't intermarry among themselves.
  
  Later, Colonel Dalton classified Oraon as Dravidian and Munda, along with other Kols such as Ho, Bhumij as Kolarian after observing their customs and traditions which were distinct.
  
  References
  10. Kol Tribal Education and Cultural Development Society
  
  Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh
  Scheduled Tribes of Odisha
  Scheduled Tribes of Madhya Pradesh
  Scheduled Tribes of Chhattisgarh