title: Imperial commissioner
text: Imperial commissioner is an ambivalent English language term, used to render foreign language titles of various – mostly gubernatorial – officers whose 'commission' was in the gift of an Emperor, including China, the Russian Empire and the Holy Roman Empire.
   
  The German title, in both the German Empire (1871–1918) and Nazi Germany (1933–45), was usually Reichskommissar.
  However, Imperial Commissioner can also be used to render Kaiserlicher Kommissar, which in German etymology refers to the Emperor, not to the Empire. This was notably the case for a gubernatorial style in the colonial possession of Jaluit (in the South sea, presently in the Marshall Islands), which were administered, after a single Kommissar ('Commissioner'; 1885–1886,  Gustav von Oertzen,  b. 18.. – d. 1911), by the following Kaiserliche Kommissare:
  1886 – 5 October 1887 Wilhelm Knappe (b. 1855 – d. 1910)
  5 October 1887 – 29 March 1889  Franz Leopold Sonnenschein (acting to 14 April 1888) (b. 1857 – d. 1897)
  29 March 1889 – 14 April 1890  Eugen Brandeis (acting) (b. 1846 – d. 1919) (1st time)
  14 April 1890 – February 1892 Friedrich Louis Max Biermann (b. 1856 – d. 1929)
  February 1892 – 1893  Eugen Brandeis (acting) (2nd time)
  1893–1894 Ernst Schmidt-Dargitz (b. 1859 – d. 1924); thereafter by Landeshauptleute
  
  See also
  Imperial Commissioner (China)
  Commissioner
  
  Sources and references
   WorldStatesmen- Marshall islands
  
  External links
   Imperial Commissioner
  
  Gubernatorial titles