



"""simple docstring"""




from __future__ import annotations

import queue






class       UpperCAmelCase_    :



      def __init__(	self	:      Tuple	,      A	:      int		):
           _UpperCAmelCase     :      Dict														=       data
           _UpperCAmelCase     :      Optional[int]														=       None
           _UpperCAmelCase     :      Any														=       None







def 		__snake_case		( )    ->  TreeNode:





     '''simple docstring'''

     print("\n********Press N to stop entering at any point of time********\n"							)
     _UpperCAmelCase     :      Tuple														=       input("Enter the value of the root node: "							).strip().lower()
     _UpperCAmelCase     :      List[Any]														=       queue.Queue()
     _UpperCAmelCase     :      int														=       TreeNode(int(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							)							)
     q.put(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							)
     while not q.empty():
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      Union[str, Any]														=       q.get()
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      List[str]														=       f'Enter the left node of {node_found.data}: '
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      int														=       input(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							).strip().lower() or "n"
          if check == "n":
               return tree_node
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      List[str]														=       TreeNode(int(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							)							)
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      Union[str, Any]														=       left_node
          q.put(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							)
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      List[str]														=       f'Enter the right node of {node_found.data}: '
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      Tuple														=       input(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							).strip().lower() or "n"
          if check == "n":
               return tree_node
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      str														=       TreeNode(int(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							)							)
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      List[str]														=       right_node
          q.put(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							)
     raise

def 		__snake_case		( SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :		Tuple							)    ->  None:





     '''simple docstring'''

     if not isinstance(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_		,    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							) or not node:
          return
     print(node.data		,    end=","							)
     pre_order(node.left							)
     pre_order(node.right							)

def 		__snake_case		( SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :		int							)    ->  None:





     '''simple docstring'''

     if not isinstance(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_		,    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							) or not node:
          return
     in_order(node.left							)
     print(node.data		,    end=","							)
     in_order(node.right							)

def 		__snake_case		( SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :		Optional[Any]							)    ->  None:





     '''simple docstring'''

     if not isinstance(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_		,    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							) or not node:
          return
     post_order(node.left							)
     post_order(node.right							)
     print(node.data		,    end=","							)

def 		__snake_case		( SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :		Optional[int]							)    ->  None:





     '''simple docstring'''

     if not isinstance(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_		,    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							) or not node:
          return
     _UpperCAmelCase     :      Optional[Any]														=       queue.Queue()
     q.put(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							)
     while not q.empty():
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      List[str]														=       q.get()
          print(node_dequeued.data		,    end=","							)
          if node_dequeued.left:
               q.put(node_dequeued.left							)
          if node_dequeued.right:
               q.put(node_dequeued.right							)

def 		__snake_case		( SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :		Dict							)    ->  None:





     '''simple docstring'''

     if not isinstance(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_		,    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							) or not node:
          return
     _UpperCAmelCase     :      Tuple														=       queue.Queue()
     q.put(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							)
     while not q.empty():
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      Optional[Any]														=       []
          while not q.empty():
               _UpperCAmelCase     :      Dict														=       q.get()
               print(node_dequeued.data		,    end=","							)
               if node_dequeued.left:
                    list_.append(node_dequeued.left							)
               if node_dequeued.right:
                    list_.append(node_dequeued.right							)
          print()
          for node in list_:
               q.put(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							)

def 		__snake_case		( SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :		List[Any]							)    ->  None:





     '''simple docstring'''

     if not isinstance(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_		,    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							) or not node:
          return
     _UpperCAmelCase     :      Tuple														=       []
     _UpperCAmelCase     :      Dict														=       node
     while n or stack:
          while n:  # start from root node, find its left child
               print(n.data		,    end=","							)
               stack.append(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							)
               _UpperCAmelCase     :      List[Any]														=       n.left
          # end of while means current node doesn't have left child
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      Union[str, Any]														=       stack.pop()
          # start to traverse its right child
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      List[Any]														=       n.right

def 		__snake_case		( SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :		int							)    ->  None:





     '''simple docstring'''

     if not isinstance(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_		,    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							) or not node:
          return
     _UpperCAmelCase     :      int														=       []
     _UpperCAmelCase     :      Optional[int]														=       node
     while n or stack:
          while n:
               stack.append(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							)
               _UpperCAmelCase     :      Optional[int]														=       n.left
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      Optional[int]														=       stack.pop()
          print(n.data		,    end=","							)
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      Dict														=       n.right

def 		__snake_case		( SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :		str							)    ->  None:





     '''simple docstring'''

     if not isinstance(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_		,    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							) or not node:
          return
     _UpperCAmelCase							,			_UpperCAmelCase     :      List[Any]														=       [], []
     _UpperCAmelCase     :      Any														=       node
     stacka.append(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							)
     while stacka:  # to find the reversed order of post order, store it in stack2
          _UpperCAmelCase     :      Any														=       stacka.pop()
          if n.left:
               stacka.append(n.left							)
          if n.right:
               stacka.append(n.right							)
          stacka.append(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							)
     while stacka:  # pop up from stack2 will be the post order
          print(stacka.pop().data		,    end=","							)

def 		__snake_case		( SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :		Optional[int] = ""		,    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :		List[Any]=50		,    SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__      :		List[Any]="*"							)    ->  str:





     '''simple docstring'''

     if not s:
          return "\n" + width * char
     _UpperCAmelCase							,			_UpperCAmelCase     :      int														=       divmod(width - len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_							) - 2		,    2							)
     return f'{left * char} {s} {(left + extra) * char}'


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()
 print(prompt("Binary Tree Traversals"))

 _lowerCAmelCase							:   TreeNode				=				build_tree()
 print(prompt("Pre Order Traversal"))
 pre_order(node)
 print(prompt() + "\n")

 print(prompt("In Order Traversal"))
 in_order(node)
 print(prompt() + "\n")

 print(prompt("Post Order Traversal"))
 post_order(node)
 print(prompt() + "\n")

 print(prompt("Level Order Traversal"))
 level_order(node)
 print(prompt() + "\n")

 print(prompt("Actual Level Order Traversal"))
 level_order_actual(node)
 print("*" * 50 + "\n")

 print(prompt("Pre Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
 pre_order_iter(node)
 print(prompt() + "\n")

 print(prompt("In Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
 in_order_iter(node)
 print(prompt() + "\n")

 print(prompt("Post Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
 post_order_iter(node)
 print(prompt())



def 			lowerCAmelCase(      SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_			)->						list:



    """simple docstring"""






    if bit_count < 0:
        raise ValueError("The given input must be positive"			)

    # get the generated string sequence
    UpperCamelCase_			  =						gray_code_sequence_string(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_			)
    #
    # convert them to integers
    for i in range(len(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_			)			):
        UpperCamelCase_			  =						int(sequence[i]			,						2			)

    return sequence




def 			lowerCAmelCase(      SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_			)->						list:



    """simple docstring"""






    if bit_count == 0:
        return ["0"]

    if bit_count == 1:
        return ["0", "1"]

    UpperCamelCase_			  =						1 << bit_count  # defines the length of the sequence
    # 1<< n is equivalent to 2^n

    # recursive answer will generate answer for n-1 bits
    UpperCamelCase_			  =						gray_code_sequence_string(bit_count - 1			)

    UpperCamelCase_			  =						[]

    # append 0 to first half of the smaller sequence generated
    for i in range(seq_len // 2			):
        UpperCamelCase_			  =						"0" + smaller_sequence[i]
        sequence.append(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_			)

    # append 1 to second half ... start from the end of the list
    for i in reversed(range(seq_len // 2			)			):
        UpperCamelCase_			  =						"1" + smaller_sequence[i]
        sequence.append(SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE_			)

    return sequence


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()
