
"""simple docstring"""





import math



def 		_lowerCAmelCase							(							UpperCamelCase_    ,							UpperCamelCase_							):

		if initial_intensity < 0:
				raise ValueError("""The value of intensity cannot be negative"""							)
				# handling of negative values of initial intensity
		if angle < 0 or angle > 360:
				raise ValueError("""In Malus Law, the angle is in the range 0-360 degrees"""							)
				# handling of values out of allowed range
		return initial_intensity * (math.cos(math.radians(UpperCamelCase_							)							) ** 2)


if __name__ == "__main__":
							import doctest

							doctest.testmod(name="malus_law")












"""simple docstring"""
class _lowerCAmelCase						:







						def __init__(    self   ,				lowerCAmelCase_							)		->							None:
										_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   :		Dict       		=    size
										_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   :		str       		=    [0] * size
										_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   :		Any       		=    [0] * size







						@staticmethod
						def 			A      (    lowerCAmelCase_							)		->							int:
										return index | (index + 1)







						@staticmethod
						def 			A      (    lowerCAmelCase_							)		->							int:
										return (index & (index + 1)) - 1







						def 			A      (    self   ,				lowerCAmelCase_   ,				lowerCAmelCase_							)		->							None:
										_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   :		str       		=    value
										while index < self.size:
														_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   :		List[str]       		=    self.get_prev(lowerCAmelCase_							) + 1
														if current_left_border == index:
																		_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   :		List[str]       		=    value
														else:
																		_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   :		Optional[Any]       		=    max(lowerCAmelCase_   ,				lowerCAmelCase_   ,				lowerCAmelCase_							)
														_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   :		str       		=    self.get_next(lowerCAmelCase_							)







						def 			A      (    self   ,				lowerCAmelCase_   ,				lowerCAmelCase_							)		->							int:
										right -= 1  # Because of right is exclusive
										_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   :		List[Any]       		=    0
										while left <= right:
														_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   :		Union[str, Any]       		=    self.get_prev(lowerCAmelCase_							)
														if left <= current_left:
																		_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   :		Union[str, Any]       		=    max(lowerCAmelCase_   ,				self.tree[right]							)
																		_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   :		List[Any]       		=    current_left
														else:
																		_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   :		List[str]       		=    max(lowerCAmelCase_   ,				self.arr[right]							)
																		right -= 1
										return result


if __name__ == "__main__":
			import doctest

			doctest.testmod()

