
def     __lowerCAmelCase			(			a__  )       ->  str:
				return "".join([hex(a__  )[2:].zfill(2  ).upper() for byte in list(a__  )]  )


def     __lowerCAmelCase			(			a__  )       ->  bytes:
				# Check data validity, following RFC3548
				# https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3548.txt
				if (len(a__  ) % 2) != 0:
								raise ValueError(
								    '''Base16 encoded data is invalid:
Data does not have an even number of hex digits.'''  )
				# Check the character set - the standard base16 alphabet
				# is uppercase according to RFC3548 section 6
				if not set(a__  ) <= set('''0123456789ABCDEF'''  ):
								raise ValueError(
								    '''Base16 encoded data is invalid:
Data is not uppercase hex or it contains invalid characters.'''  )
				# For every two hexadecimal digits (= a byte), turn it into an integer.
				# Then, string the result together into bytes, and return it.
				return bytes(int(data[i] + data[i + 1]						,    16  ) for i in range(0						,    len(a__  )						,    2  )  )


if __name__ == "__main__":
					import doctest

					doctest.testmod()







from math import log

from scipy.constants import Boltzmann, physical_constants

a		:       Any			     = 300  # TEMPERATURE (unit = K)






def 				lowerCamelCase__      (    __lowerCamelCase			:     float  ,		__lowerCamelCase			:     float  ,		__lowerCamelCase			:     float  ,		):

  if donor_conc <= 0:
    raise ValueError("""Donor concentration should be positive"""		)
  elif acceptor_conc <= 0:
    raise ValueError("""Acceptor concentration should be positive"""		)
  elif intrinsic_conc <= 0:
    raise ValueError("""Intrinsic concentration should be positive"""		)
  elif donor_conc <= intrinsic_conc:
    raise ValueError(
        """Donor concentration should be greater than intrinsic concentration"""		)
  elif acceptor_conc <= intrinsic_conc:
    raise ValueError(
        """Acceptor concentration should be greater than intrinsic concentration"""		)
  else:
    return (
        Boltzmann
        * T
        * log((donor_conc * acceptor_conc) / intrinsic_conc**2		)
        / physical_constants["electron volt"][0]
    )


if __name__ == "__main__":
       import doctest

       doctest.testmod()


