





"""simple docstring"""




from copy import deepcopy

class  _UpperCAmelCase  :



      '''simple docstring'''

      def __init__(     self					,      snake_case_ = None					,      snake_case_ = None  ):

        """simple docstring"""

        if arr is None and size is not None:
          A_  :       Union[str, Any]										=  size
          A_  :       List[str]										=  [0] * size
        elif arr is not None:
          self.init(snake_case_  )
        else:
          raise ValueError('Either arr or size must be specified'  )

      def 					lowerCamelCase_			(     self					,      snake_case_  ):

        """simple docstring"""

        A_  :       Union[str, Any]										=  len(snake_case_  )
        A_  :       Optional[int]										=  deepcopy(snake_case_  )
        for i in range(1					,      self.size  ):
          A_  :       Optional[Any]										=  self.next_(snake_case_  )
          if j < self.size:
            self.tree[j] += self.tree[i]

      def 					lowerCamelCase_			(     self  ):

        """simple docstring"""

        A_  :       int										=  self.tree[:]
        for i in range(self.size - 1					,      0					,      -1  ):
          A_  :       Optional[int]										=  self.next_(snake_case_  )
          if j < self.size:
            arr[j] -= arr[i]
        return arr

      @staticmethod
      def 					lowerCamelCase_			(     snake_case_  ):

        """simple docstring"""

        return index + (index & (-index))

      @staticmethod
      def 					lowerCamelCase_			(     snake_case_  ):

        """simple docstring"""

        return index - (index & (-index))

      def 					lowerCamelCase_			(     self					,      snake_case_					,      snake_case_  ):

        """simple docstring"""

        if index == 0:
          self.tree[0] += value
          return
        while index < self.size:
          self.tree[index] += value
          A_  :       List[str]										=  self.next_(snake_case_  )

      def 					lowerCamelCase_			(     self					,      snake_case_					,      snake_case_  ):

        """simple docstring"""

        self.add(snake_case_					,      value - self.get(snake_case_  )  )

      def 					lowerCamelCase_			(     self					,      snake_case_  ):

        """simple docstring"""

        if right == 0:
          return 0
        A_  :       Any										=  self.tree[0]
        right -= 1  # make right inclusive
        while right > 0:
          result += self.tree[right]
          A_  :       Tuple										=  self.prev(snake_case_  )
        return result

      def 					lowerCamelCase_			(     self					,      snake_case_					,      snake_case_  ):

        """simple docstring"""

        return self.prefix(snake_case_  ) - self.prefix(snake_case_  )

      def 					lowerCamelCase_			(     self					,      snake_case_  ):

        """simple docstring"""

        return self.query(snake_case_					,      index + 1  )

      def 					lowerCamelCase_			(     self					,      snake_case_  ):

        """simple docstring"""

        value -= self.tree[0]
        if value < 0:
          return -1

        A_  :       List[Any]										=  1  # Largest power of 2 <= size
        while j * 2 < self.size:
          j *= 2

        A_  :       Tuple										=  0

        while j > 0:
          if i + j < self.size and self.tree[i + j] <= value:
            value -= self.tree[i + j]
            i += j
          j //= 2
        return i


if __name__ == "__main__":
   import doctest

   doctest.testmod()






"""simple docstring"""




from heapq import heappop, heappush

import numpy as np





def 						UpperCAmelCase__		(     _UpperCAmelCase ,					_UpperCAmelCase ,					_UpperCAmelCase ,					_UpperCAmelCase ,					):






  """simple docstring"""





  A_						,       A_  :       List[str]										=  grid.shape
  A_  :       Optional[int]										=  [-1, 1, 0, 0]
  A_  :       str										=  [0, 0, -1, 1]
  if allow_diagonal:
    dx += [-1, -1, 1, 1]
    dy += [-1, 1, -1, 1]

  A_						,       A_  :       List[Any]										=  [(0, source)], set()
  A_  :       Optional[Any]										=  np.full((rows, cols) ,					np.inf					)
  A_  :       int										=  0
  A_  :       Optional[int]										=  np.empty((rows, cols) ,					dtype=_UpperCAmelCase					)
  A_  :       Optional[int]										=  None

  while queue:
    ((A_)						,       (A_))  :       str										=  heappop(_UpperCAmelCase					)
    if (x, y) in visited:
      continue
    visited.add((x, y)					)

    if (x, y) == destination:
      A_  :       int										=  []
      while (x, y) != source:
        path.append((x, y)					)
        A_						,       A_  :       List[Any]										=  predecessors[x, y]
      path.append(_UpperCAmelCase					)  # add the source manually
      path.reverse()
      return matrix[destination], path

    for i in range(len(_UpperCAmelCase					)					):
      A_						,       A_  :       Tuple										=  x + dx[i], y + dy[i]
      if 0 <= nx < rows and 0 <= ny < cols:
        A_  :       Union[str, Any]										=  grid[nx][ny]
        if next_node == 1 and matrix[nx, ny] > dist + 1:
          heappush(_UpperCAmelCase ,					(dist + 1, (nx, ny))					)
          A_  :       Optional[Any]										=  dist + 1
          A_  :       Optional[Any]										=  (x, y)

  return np.inf, []


if __name__ == "__main__":
   import doctest

   doctest.testmod()