



'''simple docstring'''





from copy import deepcopy






class        lowerCAmelCase_:
  '''simple docstring'''




  def __init__(    self  ,__UpperCAmelCase = None  ,__UpperCAmelCase = None      )    ->		None:

      if arr is None and size is not None:
          lowerCAmelCase__ :  List[str]							      =					size
          lowerCAmelCase__ :  str							      =					[0] * size
      elif arr is not None:
          self.init(__UpperCAmelCase      )
      else:
          raise ValueError("""Either arr or size must be specified"""      )




  def 							UpperCAmelCase_	(    self  ,__UpperCAmelCase      )    ->		None:
      lowerCAmelCase__ :  Any							      =					len(__UpperCAmelCase      )
      lowerCAmelCase__ :  Any							      =					deepcopy(__UpperCAmelCase      )
      for i in range(1  ,self.size      ):
          lowerCAmelCase__ :  Optional[Any]							      =					self.next_(__UpperCAmelCase      )
          if j < self.size:
              self.tree[j] += self.tree[i]




  def 							UpperCAmelCase_	(    self      )    ->		list[int]:
      lowerCAmelCase__ :  Dict							      =					self.tree[:]
      for i in range(self.size - 1  ,0  ,-1      ):
          lowerCAmelCase__ :  Union[str, Any]							      =					self.next_(__UpperCAmelCase      )
          if j < self.size:
              arr[j] -= arr[i]
      return arr




  @staticmethod
  def 							UpperCAmelCase_	(    __UpperCAmelCase      )    ->		int:
      return index + (index & (-index))




  @staticmethod
  def 							UpperCAmelCase_	(    __UpperCAmelCase      )    ->		int:
      return index - (index & (-index))




  def 							UpperCAmelCase_	(    self  ,__UpperCAmelCase  ,__UpperCAmelCase      )    ->		None:
      if index == 0:
          self.tree[0] += value
          return
      while index < self.size:
          self.tree[index] += value
          lowerCAmelCase__ :  Optional[Any]							      =					self.next_(__UpperCAmelCase      )




  def 							UpperCAmelCase_	(    self  ,__UpperCAmelCase  ,__UpperCAmelCase      )    ->		None:
      self.add(__UpperCAmelCase  ,value - self.get(__UpperCAmelCase      )      )




  def 							UpperCAmelCase_	(    self  ,__UpperCAmelCase      )    ->		int:
      if right == 0:
          return 0
      lowerCAmelCase__ :  List[Any]							      =					self.tree[0]
      right -= 1  # make right inclusive
      while right > 0:
          result += self.tree[right]
          lowerCAmelCase__ :  Union[str, Any]							      =					self.prev(__UpperCAmelCase      )
      return result




  def 							UpperCAmelCase_	(    self  ,__UpperCAmelCase  ,__UpperCAmelCase      )    ->		int:
      return self.prefix(__UpperCAmelCase      ) - self.prefix(__UpperCAmelCase      )




  def 							UpperCAmelCase_	(    self  ,__UpperCAmelCase      )    ->		int:
      return self.query(__UpperCAmelCase  ,index + 1      )






  def 							UpperCAmelCase_	(    self  ,__UpperCAmelCase      )    ->		int:
      value -= self.tree[0]
      if value < 0:
          return -1

      lowerCAmelCase__ :  Any							      =					1  # Largest power of 2 <= size
      while j * 2 < self.size:
          j *= 2

      lowerCAmelCase__ :  int							      =					0

      while j > 0:
          if i + j < self.size and self.tree[i + j] <= value:
              value -= self.tree[i + j]
              i += j
          j //= 2
      return i


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()





from PIL import Image





def 					__lowerCamelCase	( UpperCamelCase__   ,							UpperCamelCase__      ):







							'''simple docstring'''






							snake_case_							=    (259 * (level + 255)) / (255 * (259 - level))

							def contrast(UpperCamelCase__      ) -> int:
														return int(128 + factor * (c - 128)      )

							return img.point(UpperCamelCase__      )


if __name__ == "__main__":
					# Load image
					with Image.open("""image_data/lena.jpg""") as img:
										# Change contrast to 170
										_UpperCAmelCase		:   Tuple										=       change_contrast(img, 170)
										cont_img.save("""image_data/lena_high_contrast.png""", format="""png""")




