"""simple docstring"""





def 				a_     (      _lowerCAmelCase  : str     ):





       '''simple docstring'''

       lowercase__			:		Dict       =	[int(_lowerCAmelCase     ) for i in ip_va_address.split('.'     ) if i.isdigit()]
       return len(_lowerCAmelCase     ) == 4 and all(0 <= int(_lowerCAmelCase     ) <= 254 for octet in octets     )


if __name__ == "__main__":
       _UpperCamelCase   :						Optional[Any]      =    input().strip()
       _UpperCamelCase   :						Union[str, Any]      =    "valid" if is_ip_va_address_valid(ip) else "invalid"
       print(f'''{ip} is a {valid_or_invalid} IP v4 address.''')








"""simple docstring"""





def  __A   (_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     ,   _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)					->float:





  """simple docstring"""


  if discount_rate < 0:
    raise ValueError('Discount rate cannot be negative'			)
  if not cash_flows:
    raise ValueError('Cash flows list cannot be empty'			)
  lowerCAmelCase__			:Union[str, Any]											=							sum(
      cash_flow / ((1 + discount_rate) ** i) for i, cash_flow in enumerate(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE			)			)
  return round(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE     ,   ndigits=2			)


if __name__ == "__main__":
  import doctest

  doctest.testmod()
