"""simple docstring"""
from __future__ import annotations

from random import choice







def 						__a   (	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )	->Optional[Any]:
  return choice(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )







def 						__a   (	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )	->int:
  a__:     List[str]										=	random_pivot(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )

  # partition based on pivot
  # linear time
  a__:     Optional[int]										=	[e for e in lst if e < pivot]
  a__:     int										=	[e for e in lst if e > pivot]

  # if we get lucky, pivot might be the element we want.
  # we can easily see this:
  # small (elements smaller than k)
  # + pivot (kth element)
  # + big (elements larger than k)
  if len(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   ) == k - 1:
    return pivot
  # pivot is in elements bigger than k
  elif len(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   ) < k - 1:
    return kth_number(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     k - len(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   ) - 1   )
  # pivot is in elements smaller than k
  else:
    return kth_number(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )


if __name__ == "__main__":
 import doctest

 doctest.testmod()



"""simple docstring"""
from math import pow, sqrt







def 						__a   (	*_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )	->bool:
  a__:     Union[str, Any]										=	len(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   ) > 0 and all(value > 0.0 for value in values   )
  return result







def 						__a   (	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )	->float | ValueError:
  return (
      round(sqrt(molar_mass_a / molar_mass_a   )		,     6   )
      if validate(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )
      else ValueError('Input Error: Molar mass values must greater than 0.'   )
  )







def 						__a   (	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )	->float | ValueError:
  return (
      round(effusion_rate * sqrt(molar_mass_a / molar_mass_a   )		,     6   )
      if validate(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )
      else ValueError(
          'Input Error: Molar mass and effusion rate values must greater than 0.'   )
  )







def 						__a   (	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )	->float | ValueError:
  return (
      round(effusion_rate / sqrt(molar_mass_a / molar_mass_a   )		,     6   )
      if validate(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )
      else ValueError(
          'Input Error: Molar mass and effusion rate values must greater than 0.'   )
  )







def 						__a   (	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )	->float | ValueError:
  return (
      round(molar_mass / pow(effusion_rate_a / effusion_rate_a		,     2   )		,     6   )
      if validate(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )
      else ValueError(
          'Input Error: Molar mass and effusion rate values must greater than 0.'   )
  )







def 						__a   (	_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )	->float | ValueError:
  return (
      round(pow(effusion_rate_a / effusion_rate_a		,     2   ) / molar_mass		,     6   )
      if validate(_SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE		,     _SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE   )
      else ValueError(
          'Input Error: Molar mass and effusion rate values must greater than 0.'   )
  )


