what pine tree has the biggest pine cones
Coulter pine


The Coulter pine or big-cone pine, Pinus coulteri, is a native of the coastal mountains of Southern California and northern Baja California (Mexico). Isolated groves are found as far north as the San Francisco Bay Area in Mt. Diablo State Park and Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve. The species is named after Thomas Coulter, an Irish botanist and physician. The Coulter pine produces the heaviest cone of any pine tree. Although it has a limited range in the wild, it is a popular ornamental tree. "Pinus
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Pinus lambertiana


Pinus lambertiana (commonly known as the sugar pine or sugar cone pine) is the tallest and most massive pine tree, and has the longest cones of any conifer. The species name "lambertiana" was given by the British botanist David Douglas, who named the tree in honour of the English botanist, Aylmer Bourke Lambert. It is native to the mountains of the Pacific coast of North America, from Oregon through California to Baja California. The sugar pine is the tallest and largest "Pinus" species, commonly growing to
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Pine nut


harvest the cones) and removal of trees for timber have led to losses in production capacity. The elevation of the pinyon pine is an important determinant of the quantity of pine cone production, and therefore, will largely determine the number of pine nuts the tree will yield. American Pinyon pine cone production is most commonly found at an elevation between and , and ideally at . This is due to higher temperatures at elevations lower than during the spring, which dry up humidity and moisture content (particularly snow packs) that provide for
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Conifer cone


of many species of conifers. The members of the pine family (pines, spruces, firs, cedars, larches, etc.) have cones that are imbricate (that is, with scales overlapping each other like fish scales). These pine cones, especially the woody female cones, are considered the "archetypal" tree cones. The female cone has two types of scale: the bract scales, and the seed scales (or ovuliferous scales), one subtended by each bract scale, derived from a highly modified branchlet
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Pinus serotina


Pinus serotina, the pond pine, marsh pine or pocosin pine, is a pine tree found along the Southeastern portion of the Atlantic coastal plain of the United States, from southern New Jersey south to Florida and west to southern Alabama. This pine often has a crooked growth pattern and an irregular top and grows up to high, rarely to . The needles are in bundles of three or four, and long. The almost round cones are long with small prickles on the scales. Its cones are usually serotinous, requiring fire
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Lone Pine (tree)


"Aleppo Pine" "Pinus halepensis" is also common. Branches from "Allepo" pines were also used by the Turks to protect their trenches, and cones and seeds from "Allepo" pines are common at "Lone Pine" memorials in Australia, in particular, the tree at the Australian War Memorial. The tree at the Lone Pine Cemetery at Gallipoli is of a third species—Stone pine "Pinus pinea". The "original" Lone Pine, a "Turkish Pine" of species "Pinus brutia"
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Winged genie


this symbol lies with it association with abundance. The genii shown holding the quadruped represents the divine reasoning for the kingdom's abundance and protection over said abundance. Other depictions of genii show them holding what appear to be a pine cone and a pail. These two elements are commonly associated with the Tree of Life. Many interpretations have stated that the depiction is of the genii fertilizing the tree and tending to it. Other interpretations place the pine cone as an object known as a mu-li-la, and in conjunction
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Pine nut


the tree throughout the spring and summer, causing little nourishment for pine cone maturity. Although there are several other environmental factors that determine the conditions of the ecosystem (such as clouds and rain), without sufficient water, the trees tend to abort cones. High humidity encourages cone development. There are certain topographical areas found in lower elevations, such as shaded canyons, where the humidity remains constant throughout the spring and summer, allowing pine cones to fully mature and produce seed. At elevations above , the temperature substantially drops,
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Bishop pine


Terrace Hill Open Space has several scattered specimens. Bishop pine seems to prefer already disturbed, unvegetated areas where it probably faces less competition from oaks and shrubs. The common name "bishop pine" resulted from the tree having been first identified near the Mission of San Luis Obispo in San Luis Obispo, California. This tree has a large number of common names and other prior scientific names, due primarily to numerous variant forms. Other English names that have occasionally been used are prickle cone pine, Obispo pine, Santa Cruz pine
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Pinus rigida


minimal. Open-growth trees begin bearing cones in as little as three years, with shade-inhabiting pines taking a few years longer. Cones take two years to mature and seed dispersal occurs over the fall and winter and trees cannot self-pollinate. The total lifespan of pitch pine is about 200 years. Pitch pine provides a habitat and offers food for many wildlife species. They are used as cover and nesting for birds such as the pine warbler, wild turkey, red-cockaded woodpecker, great-crested
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Closed-cone pine forest


cypress, Gowan cypress, McNabb cypress, Monterrey Pine, and Torrey Pine are all California endemic serotinous conifer species. Other serotinous conifer species that are not CA endemic include bishop pine, coulter pine, knob-cone pine, and lodgepole pine. Serotiny offers benefits to plant species because after a fire, there is less competition for the seeds on the ground; fire also opens up either space in the canopy or clears away litter on the ground. Thus, the fire signals an advantageous time for trees to drop their seeds
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Coulter pine


coulteri" is a substantial coniferous evergreen tree in the genus "Pinus". The size ranges from tall, and a trunk diameter up to . The trunk is vertical and branches horizontal to upcurved. The leaves are needle-like, in bundles of three, glaucous gray-green, long and stout, thick. The outstanding characteristic of this tree is the large, spiny cones which are long, and weigh when fresh. Coulter pines produce the largest cones of any pine tree species (people are actually advised to wear
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Table mountain pine


Table Mountain pine, Pinus pungens, also called hickory pine, prickly pine, or mountain pine, is a small pine native to the Appalachian Mountains in the United States. "Pinus pungens" is a tree of modest size (6–12 m), and has a rounded, irregular shape. The needles are in bundles of two, occasionally three, yellow-green to mid green, fairly stout, and 4–7 cm long. The pollen is released early compared to other pines in the area to minimize hybridization. The cones
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Jack pine


closed for many years, until a forest fire kills the mature trees and opens the cones, reseeding the burnt ground. The leaves are in fascicles of two, needle-like, twisted, slightly yellowish-green, and long. Jack pine cones are usually and curved at the tip. The cones are long, the scales with a small, fragile prickle that usually wears off before maturity, leaving the cones smooth. Unusually for a pine, the cones normally point forward along the branch, sometimes curling around it.
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Pine


to be treated with copper azole, chromated copper arsenate or other suitable chemical preservative. Many pine species make attractive ornamental plantings for parks and larger gardens with a variety of dwarf cultivars being suitable for smaller spaces. Pines are also commercially grown and harvested for Christmas trees. Pine cones, the largest and most durable of all conifer cones, are craft favorites. Pine boughs, appreciated especially in wintertime for their pleasant smell and greenery, are popularly cut for decorations. Pine needles are also used for making decorative articles such as baskets
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Pinus oocarpa


Pinus oocarpa is a species of pine tree native to Mexico and Central America. It is the national tree of Honduras, where it is known as ocote. Common names include ocote chino, pino amarillo, pino avellano, Mexican yellow pine, egg-cone pine and hazelnut pine. It appears that it was the progenitor (original) species that served as the ancestor for some of the other pines of Mexico. Pinus oocarpa is the national tree of Honduras. This species ranges from latitudes of 14° to 29° north
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Allocasuarina decaisneana


and its large cylindrical cones are the biggest in its family. The trees have a cork-like bark that is deeply furrowed and is known to protect the trees from fire. Instead of leaves the tree has long segmented branchlets, known as cladodes, that resemble olive green pine needles. Each of the needles are composed of thin striped segments, which are leaf stalks, linked by a ring of projections, each of which is a tiny leaf. These perform the same function as leaves but conserve moisture. As the clalodes
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Lone Pine (tree)


, was the sole survivor of a group of trees that had been cut down by Turkish soldiers who had used the timber and branches to cover their trenches during the battle. They has also cut down other trees to do this, most particularly "Aleppo Pines" "Pinus halepensis". The tree was obliterated during the battle; however, pine cones that had remained attached to the cut branches over the trenches were retrieved by various Australian soldiers and brought home to Australia. The resultant seedlings sent home by one soldier were found
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Abert's squirrel


with Gambel oaks in the 11.8- to 14-inch (30–36 cm) diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) range. Optimum habitat has some ponderosa pine over d.b.h., which are the best cone producers. Larson and Schubert report that ponderosa pine d.b.h. produced an average of 446 cones per tree per crop. Trees less than d.b.h. produced fewer than 100 cones per crop. In central Arizona, Abert's squirrel summer home ranges averaged and ranged from . Ranges were somewhat smaller in winter. Ramey reports that the mean Abert
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Pine nut


use with pine nuts from certain species of indigenous New Mexican pines. For those seeking to grow edible landscapes, these are the more commonly used species. The pine nut (seed) species will take a time that depends on the exact species (e.g. 36 months for a stone pine seed) to complete its maturity; to reach full maturity, the environmental conditions must be favorable for the tree and its cone. For some American species, development begins in early spring with pollination. A tiny cone, about the size of
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Rosalia (festival)


have been a day of initiation into the mysteries of the Magna Mater and Attis at the Vaticanum. Although scholars have become less inclined to view Attis within the rigid schema of "dying and rising vegetation god", the vegetal cycle remains integral to the funerary nature of his rites. The pine tree and pine cones were introduced to the iconography of Attis for their cult significance during the Roman period. A late 1st- or 2nd-century statue of Attis from Athens has him with a basket containing pomegranates, pine cones, and
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Pine


and point upward at first, then later turn green and spread outward. These "candles" offer foresters a means to evaluate fertility of the soil and vigour of the trees. Pines have four types of leaf: Pines are mostly monoecious, having the male and female cones on the same tree, though a few species are sub-dioecious, with individuals predominantly, but not wholly, single-sex. The male cones are small, typically 1–5 cm long, and only present for a short period (usually in spring
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Everglades


pine ("Pinus elliottii"). Pineland communities require fire to maintain them, and the trees have several adaptations that simultaneously promote and resist fire. The sandy floor of the pine forest is covered with dry pine needles that are highly flammable. South Florida slash pines are insulated by their bark to protect them from heat. Fire eliminates competing vegetation on the forest floor, and opens pine cones to germinate seeds. A period without significant fire can turn pineland into a hardwood hammock as larger trees overtake the slash pines. The
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Lone Pine Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery


not been identified. The Anzac troops renamed the plateau, originally Plateau 400, Lonesome Pine after the single Aleppo pine tree ("Pinus halepensis") on the plateau, and a popular song published in 1913, "The Trail of the Lonesome Pine", and this name was shortened to Lone Pine. There had originally been several trees but all but one had been cut down by Turkish troops to provide wood for covering trenches. The tree was obliterated during the fighting, but at least two Australian soldiers took cones from
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Pyrophyte


fire with adaptations including thick bark, tissue with high moisture content, or underground storage structures. Examples include: For some species of pine, such as Aleppo Pine ("Pinus halepensis"), European Black Pine ("Pinus nigra") and Lodgepole Pine ("Pinus contorta"), the effects of fire can be antagonistic: if moderate, it helps pine cone bursting, seed dispersion and the cleaning of the underwoods; if intense, it destroys these resinous trees. Some trees and shrubs such as the Eucalyptus
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Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine forest


and feeds on the seeds of the cones. "S. aberti" has also adapted to the chemicals ponderosa pine produces for protection by targeting the trees that have lowered chemical levels. Pygmy nuthatches ("Sitta pygmaea") are also specifically adapted to ponderosa pine woodlands. Another species that can be supported by ponderosa pine is the Colorado chipmunk ("Tamias quadrivitattus"). "T. quadrivitattus" helps spread the seeds of the ponderosa pine by spreading out and burying its caches. This results in the seeds being further from the
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Yellow pine


One way to distinguish between them is by their cones. Each has barbs at the end of the scales. The sharp Jeffrey pine cone scale barbs point inward, so the cone feels smooth to the palm of one's hand when rubbed down the cone. Ponderosa pine cone scale barbs point outward, so feel sharp and prickly to the palm of one's hands. Another distinguishing characteristic is that the needles of Jeffrey pine are glaucous, less bright green than those of ponderosa pine, and by the stouter, heavier cones with
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Pinus amamiana


Pinus amamiana (Amami pine, Yakushima white pine) is a species of pine. It is a native of southern Japan, on the islands of Yakushima and Tanegashima south of Kyūshū. It has also been grown horticulturally in Japanese parks. This pine can grow to a height of 25 m with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m. The needles grow in bundles of five and the cones are 5–8 cm in length. This tree is known in Japanese as "amami-goyamatsu", "amami-goyo", and
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Pinus brutia


valuable honey, "pine honey" (Turkish, "çam balı"), with reputed medicinal benefits. The "Lone Pine", a prominent landmark tree at an ANZAC First World War battle at Gallipoli, was this species. Cones from the battlefield were taken home to Australia, and plants sourced from the seeds were planted as living memorials. "Lone Pine" memorials, based on cones brought back from Gallipoli may use this species or Aleppo pine. Some memorials utilise other species altogether. It is widely planted for
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Bristlecone pine


Bristlecone Pine Forest in the White Mountains of California and the Great Basin National Park in Nevada, where cutting or gathering wood is prohibited. The green pine needles give the twisted branches a bottle-brush appearance. The needles of the tree surround the branch an extent of about one foot near the tip of the limb. The name bristlecone pine refers to the dark purple female cones that bear incurved prickles on their surface. The dark color of these cones help to absorb heat. After maturity, which takes about two years,
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Theodore Lukens


conifers. The sugar pine was Muir's favorite, which he described as "surpassing all others, not merely in size but in lordly beauty and majesty." The sugar pine is the largest and tallest pine of the pine trees with recorded heights exceeding , and has the longest cones, up to in length. During the last week of the trip, they camped at Tenaya Lake, where they met Gertrude Towne and Nellie Anderson and their mule, Plumduff. Muir and Lukens led the intrepid adventuresses up Mt. Conness to the
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List of Pinus species


Pinus, the pines, is a genus of approximately 111 extant tree and shrub species. The genus is currently split into two subgenera: subgenus Pinus (hard pines), and subgenus Strobus (soft pines). Each of the subgenera have several sections within based on chloroplast DNA sequencing. Older classifications split the genus into three subgenera – subgenus "Pinus", subgenus "Strobus", and subgenus "Ducampopinus" (pinyon, bristlecone and lacebark pines) – based on cone, seed and leaf characteristics. DNA phylogeny has
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Pine oil


Pine oil is an essential oil obtained by the steam distillation of stumps, needles, twigs and cones from a variety of species of pine, particularly "Pinus sylvestris". As of 1995, synthetic pine oil was the "biggest single turpentine derivative." Synthetic pine oils accounted for 90% of sales as of 2000. In alternative medicine, it is said to be used in aromatherapy, as a scent in bath oils or more commonly as a cleaning product, and as a lubricant in small and expensive clockwork instruments.
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Glacier National Park (U.S.)


the areas east of the Continental Divide are a combination of mixed pine, spruce, fir and prairie zones. The cedar-hemlock groves along the Lake McDonald valley are the easternmost examples of this Pacific climatic ecosystem. Whitebark pine communities have been heavily damaged due to the effects of blister rust, a non native fungus. In Glacier and the surrounding region, 30% of the whitebark pine trees have died and over 70% of the remaining trees are currently infected. The whitebark pine provides a high fat pine cone seed,
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Middle-earth plants


, guarded rowan trees and bore some resemblance to rowans. Some ents, such as Treebeard, were like cypress, fir, juniper, larch, pine, yew In northern Beleriand in the First Age of Middle-earth , lay the region of Dorthonion, which means 'Land of Pines'. In "The Hobbit", Bilbo Baggins and the rest of the company are forced to climb a grove of fir or pine trees to escape a pack of wolves. Gandalf keeps the wolves at bay by lighting pine cones and
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Coulter pine


hardhats when working in Coulter pine groves), although the slender cones of the sugar pine are longer. The large size of the cones has earned them the nickname "widowmakers" among locals. The Coulter pine is closely related to the foothill pine, "Pinus sabiniana". It is more distantly related to Jeffrey pine with which it shares habitats, and the ponderosa pine. Coulter pines tend to grow in drier environments than ponderosa and Jeffery pines. This erect, medium-sized pine prefers south-facing slopes between elevation
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Conifer cone


cones are open when dry and closed when wet. This assures that the small, wind disseminated seeds will be dispersed during relatively dry weather, and thus, the distance traveled from the parent tree will be enhanced. A pine cone will go through many cycles of opening and closing during its life span, even after seed dispersal is complete. This process occurs with older cones while attached to branches and even after the older cones have fallen to the forest floor. The condition of fallen pine cones is a crude indication of the
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Modoc Plateau


small volcanic cones. It has cinder cones, juniper flats, pine forests, and seasonal lakes. The plateau is thought to have been formed approximately 25 million years ago. Forested areas of the plateau include Ponderosa Pine ("Pinus ponderosa"), as well as other tree species such as California Buckeye ("Aesculus californica"). and Modoc Cypress ("Cupressus bakeri"). The plateau supports large herds of Mule Deer ("Odocoileus hemionus"), Rocky Mountain Elk ("Cervus canadensis"),
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Wattle Park, Melbourne


being one of the country's few original Lone Pines. The tree was grown from the seed of a cone collected by one of the Australian soldiers involved in the Gallipoli Campaign from the lone pine tree in Gallipoli, Turkey as a reminder of this notable battle and the ANZACs' involvement in World War I. Planted in Wattle Park on 8 May 1933 at the Trooping of the Colour by the 24th Battalion, the tree was the first Lone Pine to ever be publicly planted as an ANZAC memorial, pre-dating the one planted
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Øvre Pasvik National Park


year; the oldest recorded tree was 820 years when chopped down in 1896. Regrowth is slow because the trees need two consecutive years to produce cones and young trees often die after their buds are eaten by moose during winter. The park has been stricken regularly by wildfires—the latest major fire occurring in 1945. Wildfires normally spread and burn in the undergrowth; as pine trees do not have low-laying branches, older pines will not be effected while younger trees will be consumed by the fire. A forest fire can
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Pinus virginiana


in the winter it is around −4 to 4 degrees Celsius. "Pinus virginiana" is poorly adapted to fire, but if the tree is larger they are able to survive. Open growth Virginia pines may begin cone production at only 5 years old. There have been documented cases of trees as young as 18 months beginning to flower. Virginia pine is monecious and some self-pollination is possible, but a significant seed crop requires two trees. Cones take two complete growing seasons to develop. Pollination takes place 13 months after
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Pinus yorkshirensis


Pinus yorkshirensis is an extinct species of pine tree. The fossil pine cone came from Hauterivian and Barremian-aged sedimentary rocks located in the Speeton Clay in Yorkshire (hence the species epithet). The type specimen of "P. yorkshirensis" was discovered during a field trip at the University of Birmingham. It is one of four known fossil pine cones from Europe. It was 5 million years older than the previous record holder, "Pinus belgica". The fossil was destroyed for science so scientists could study the fossil in more
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Closed-cone pine forest


. While the pines are, by far, the most common tree in these forests, coast live oaks often accompany them. Due to the relatively short lifespan of closed-cone pines, many dead trunks and snags are available and attract a whole host of wildlife ranging from woodpeckers, titmice, chickadees, warblers, squirrels, chipmunks, raccoons, mountain lions, deer and many others. The lush undergrowths, typical of the forests, are excellent habitat as well. Blackberries, wild roses, wood mints, California honeysuckle,
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Pinus parviflora


Pinus parviflora, also known as five-needle pine, Ulleungdo white pine, or Japanese white pine, is a pine in the white pine group, "Pinus" subgenus "Strobus", native to Korea and Japan. It is a coniferous evergreen tree, growing to 15–25 m in height and is usually as broad as it is tall, forming a wide, dense, conical crown. The leaves are needle-like, in bundles of five, with a length of 5–6 cm. The cones are 4–7 cm long
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Torrey pine


The Torrey pine, Pinus torreyana, is a rare pine species in the United States. It is an endangered species growing only in the Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve, coastal northern San Diego county, and on Santa Rosa Island. This species is endemic to the coastal sage and chaparral ecoregion in the U.S. state of California. "Pinus torreyana" is a broad, open-crowned pine tree growing to tall in the wild, with long leaves ('needles') in groups of five. The cones are stout and
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Delmarva fox squirrel


is mature forest of both hardwood and pine trees with an open understory. An open understory within the forest is needed for the squirrels to successfully feed on nuts and seeds of the many trees such as oaks, hickories, sweet gum, walnut, and loblolly pine during the fall season when these trees are dispersing their seeds. In the summer and early fall they often feed on mature green pine cones. Other less important food sources include buds, fruit, insects, and grain. These fox squirrels prefer to make their dens
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Pine Barrens (New Jersey)


of Atlantic white cedar grow along the waterways. Forest fires play an important role in regulating the growth of plants in the Pine Barrens. Frequent light fires tend to reduce the amount of undergrowth and promote the growth of mature trees. Forest fires have contributed to the dominance of pitch pine in the Pine Barrens. They can resist and recover quickly from fire by resprouting directly through their bark (something very unusual for pines). Their serotinous pine cones open only after having been heated by a fire. The prevalence of forest fire
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Pine nut


the cone from the piñon pine, followed by the extracting process mentioned above. Fallen seed can also be gathered beneath the trees. Because pine nuts are an important food source for many animals, overharvesting of pine nuts threatens local ecosystems, an effect occurring during the early 21st century with increased culinary uses for pine nuts. In the United States, millions of hectares of productive pinyon pine woods have been destroyed due to conversion of lands, and in China and Russia, destructive harvesting techniques (such as breaking off whole branches to
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Lone Pine (tree)


be a stone pine ("Pinus pinea"). Keith McDowell, an Australian soldier of the 23rd Battalion who fought at Gallipoli, brought a pine cone from the battle site home to Australia. Many years later seeds from the cone were planted by his wife's aunt Emma Gray of Grassmere, near Warrnambool, Victoria and five seedlings emerged, with four surviving. These seedlings were planted in four different locations in Victoria: Wattle Park, Melbourne (8 May 1933), the Shrine of Remembrance (11 June 1933)
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List of ecoregions in North America (CEC)


bud of the tree is protected from fire. Years later, the long leaf will reach about in height and the diameter will increase with time. Somewhere around 30 years after the trees will begin to produce cones with fertile seeds and average about at maturity. One recent study discusses the effects of logging in the 1950s on pine species. Since then, conservation efforts have increased the number of pine (and other) tree species. The Nature Conservancy is prioritizing its protection efforts to rebuild long leaf pine forests through land purchases,
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Jefferson, South Carolina


is based upon the long-leaf and loblolly pine, which drop both cones and needles. Casey Horton Enterprises was formed in early 2015 to gather both the pine cones and the straw. The cones are used in Christmas decorations while the pine straw is used for yard bedding. Horton Enterprises has since focused its work on the pine cone business. As of the census of 2000, there were 704 people, 296 households, and 200 families residing in the town. The population density was 394.9 people per square mile (152.7
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Zerok District


pine trees. This is calculated according to male persons. Women are not calculated for achieving any dadai. Once divided, people go to mountains group by group for harvesting or collecting the pine fruit. It takes 15–30 days to collect the fruit. During this time people live in tents. After harvesting, the cones of pine trees are then put in sunlight in order to prepare for releasing the seeds (fruit). The fruit are then put in sacks and sold in markets. Other crops such as wheat, beans,
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Jack pine


That is an easy way to tell it apart from the similar lodgepole pine in more western areas of North America. The cones on mature trees are serotinous. They open when exposed to intense heat, greater than or equal to . The typical case is in a fire, however cones on the lower branches can open when temperatures reach due to the heat being reflected off the ground. Additionally, when temperatures reach , the cones will open, due to the nature of the resin. Kirtland's warbler ("Setophaga kirtlandii"
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Cassia crossbill


lack of squirrels, the usual primary seed dispersal of the lodgepole pine. As a result, serotinous cones are especially abundant in this region, which allows cones with seeds to accumulate in high quantities that will last for decades. This has led to a coevolutionary arms race between the crossbill and lodgepole pine, as the Cassia crossbill is the primary selective agent. In result, the lodgepole pine are creating cones with thick-scaled cones, whilst the crossbills have evolved deeper bills to counter this. The seeds of younger serotinous cones
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Psilocybe weraroa


fruiting on rotted cabbage trees and is often associated with decaying fern fronds, native to the forests of New Zealand, typically South of Wanganui in the North Island. It is fairly abundant from April till August in lowland mixed rain-forest around Wellington, Porirua, Hutt Valley, Kapiti Coast, Manawatu, and South Wairarapa . The pouch fungus has been found in winter in Central Hawkes Bay where they tend to be found around fallen pine cones - not in pine forests but in areas where pines are interspersed by other kinds of
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Hoop hole


pirate bush; and an invertebrate the orangefin madtom. Featured species include bear, deer and grouse. There are stands of pure table mountain pine, mostly on southeast to southwest facing ridges and slopes with dry, well-drained soils; and there are areas of mixed oak and table mountain pine. Table mountain pine requires fire to regenerate because it has serotinous cones that need heat to open and disperse its seeds. Management of these areas require prescribed burns in order to maintain the forest in its present condition. Old growth trees
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Pinus bhutanica


Pinus bhutanica, which may be called the Bhutan white pine, is a tree restricted to Bhutan and adjacent parts of northeast India (Arunachal Pradesh) and southwest China (Yunnan and Tibet). Along with the related "Pinus wallichiana" it is a constituent of lower altitude blue pine forests. This pine reaches a height of 25 meters. Note that "P. wallichiana" is sometimes called by the common name 'Bhutan pine'. The needles are in bundles of five, up to 25 cm long. The cones are
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Upper montane forest


upper montane forest vegetation type is , mostly as snowfall. Summer high temperatures range from , and winter lows are below . Growing season is about four months because of long-lasting, deep snow. Overstory trees are typically cone shaped to shed the snow, with characteristic trees including lodgepole pine ("Pinus contorta"), Jeffrey pine ("Pinus jeffreyi"), western white pine ("Pinus monticola") California red fir ("Abies magnifica"), and Sierra juniper ("Juniperus grandis"),
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Pyre


of oak and fruit wood compositions. From analyzing three necropolises, in Kokotów, Pawłowice and Korytnica, it seems that Polish pyres consisted of primarily Scots pine, birch, and oak trees, as pines, birch, and oak were dense in local woodlands. All parts of the tree were used including the trunk, branches, twigs, and even pine cones. During WWII, pyres were used in German death camps on Polish territory, such as Treblinka. Worked antler and bone objects, along with flint and flake tools,
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Sierra Nevada upper montane forest


The Sierra Nevada upper montane forest is a vegetation type found below the treeline in the United States Sierra Nevada range. It is generally located above the mixed coniferous forest and below the alpine zone. Overstory trees are typically cone shaped to shed the snow. Characteristic trees including lodgepole pine ("Pinus contorta"), Jeffrey pine ("Pinus jeffreyi"), western white pine ("Pinus monticola") California red fir ("Abies magnifica"), and Sierra juniper ("Juniperus grandis"), and typical
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Closed-cone pine forest


Closed-cone pine forest is a plant community of coastal California and several offshore islands. The plant community is often mono-dominant and single-aged, but dense with ladder fuels. Closed Cone forests grow in low nutrient and/or stressed soils, which can lead to slow growth. It consists of stands of coniferous species which rely on fire or shoot death to open their cones and release the seeds. Examples of species include coulter pine, monterey pine, and bishop pine. The most widespread naturally of the closed-cone
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Richmond Park (New South Wales)


"Italica", big cone pine (Pinus coulteri), Mediterranean cypresses (Cupressus sempervirens) and other species. The large mature trees (some of which remain from at least the 1870s) include tall, dominant include four hoop pines (two on the western edge, two in the north-eastern corner), river oaks (two large trees on the western edge), a deliberate specimen planting of river red gums (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)(several in the south-western corner), Canary Island pine (Pinus canariensis) in
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Sri Lankan Christmas tree


The Sri Lankan Christmas tree is the world’s tallest artificial Christmas tree. It was built on the Galle Face Green in Colombo, Sri Lanka, the tree is 72.1m (236 ft 6.58 in) tall and opened on Christmas Eve 2016. The cone-shaped tree is a steel-and-wire frame made from scrap metal and wood, and covered by plastic netting. It is decorated with approximately one million natural pine cones painted gold, green, red and silver colors. It has 600,000 LED bulbs which illuminate
6471856
Yellow-tailed black cockatoo


Banksia" cones ten days after bushfire as the follicles open. With pine trees, they prefer green cones, nipping them off at the stem and holding in one foot, then systematically lifting each segment and extracting the seed. A cockatoo spends about twenty minutes on each pine cone. They drink at various places, from stock troughs to puddles, and do so in the early morning or late in the afternoon. Insect larvae and Fabaceae seeds are among food reported to have been fed to young. In 2004, a captive
797720
Pinus fenzeliana


Pinus fenzeliana commonly known as the Hainan white pine or Fenzel's pine, is a tree endemic to the island of Hainan off southern China. This pine reaches heights of 20 m with a trunk 1 m in diameter. The leaves are needle-like, in fascicles of five, and 5–13 cm long. The seed cones are 6–11 cm long, with thick, woody scales; the seeds are large, about 8–15 mm long, with a vestigial 3 mm wing, similar to the related Chinese white pine ("Pinus
2231122
Pineapple


in English was first recorded to describe the reproductive organs of conifer trees (now termed pine cones). When European explorers encountered this tropical fruit in the Americas, they called them "pineapples" (first referenced in 1664, for resemblance to pine cones). In the scientific binomial "Ananas comosus", "ananas", the original name of the fruit, comes from the Tupi word "nanas", meaning "excellent fruit", as recorded by André Thevet in 1555, and "comosus", "tufted
11940061
Tree


about 1000 species of gymnosperm trees, including conifers, cycads, ginkgophytes and gnetales; they produce seeds which are not enclosed in fruits, but in open structures such as pine cones, and many have tough waxy leaves, such as pine needles. Most angiosperm trees are eudicots, the "true dicotyledons", so named because the seeds contain two cotyledons or seed leaves. There are also some trees among the old lineages of flowering plants called basal angiosperms or paleodicots; these include "Amborella", "Magnolia", nutmeg
109486
King Pine


night and are served by two triple chairlifts, Powder Bear and Polar Bear. The following trails have night skiing: White Pine, King Pine, East Slope, West Slope, Pine Cone, Pine Board, Pine Spills, Knotty Pine, Scotch Pine and Crooked Pine. The Pine Meadows Snowtubing Park has three snowtubing lanes, serviced by a tow rope. The Tohko Dome is an outdoor, covered ice rink. It is Zamboni-groomed daily. The ice rink has an outdoor firepit, lights for skating at night and
7051911
Pinus × sondereggeri


the cone is armed similarly to a cone of the loblolly pine. Because no grass stage exists for this hybrid, it has significant height growth during the first year. Thus, it is easily detected in uniform plantings of longleaf pine. Also called "bastard pine", Sonderegger pine may have qualities superior to those of its parents. Differences in wood properties are not significant when compared to random samples of the two parent species. Tracheid length might be slightly shorter than either parent, though tracheid length in southern pines usually does
15646508
Everglades National Park


by fire to ensure their existence. South Florida slash pines are uniquely adapted to promote fire by dropping a large amount of dried pine needles and shedding dry bark. Pine cones require heat from fires to open, allowing seeds to disperse and take hold. The trunks and roots of slash pines are resistant to fire. Prescribed burns in these areas take place every three to seven years; without regular fires, hardwood trees begin to grow in this region, and pinelands become recategorized as mixed swamp forests. Most plants in the area
14630657
Juan-les-Pins


on the western slope of the ridge, halfway to the old fishery village of Golfe-Juan (where Napoleon landed in 1815), it had been an area with many stone pine trees ("pins" in French), where the inhabitants of Antibes used to go for a promenade, for a picnic in the shadow of the stone pine trees or to collect tree branches and cones for their stoves. The village was given the name Juan-les-Pins on 12 March 1882. The spelling "Juan",
7242144
List of ecoregions in North America (CEC)


pine marten, Methuselahs beard, lodgepole pine, and Scots pine. The life history of the long leaf pine is a tree species that has been around for quite sometime, and can reach more than 250 years in age. To begin the tree’s life, a seed falls from the parent in October to late November awaiting water to begin germination in a few weeks. For those individuals that make it, they will enter what is known as the grass stage. During this stage the roots are being established, and the
21536727
Strobilurus tenacellus


fruit on fallen spruce cones. "S. stephanocystis" has a yellow-brown to reddish-yellow cap that is not hygrophanous. "Baeospora myosura" is another small agaric that grows on pine and spruce cones, but it fruits in autumn. "Strobilurus tenacellus" is a saprobic wood-rotting fungus. It fruits singly or in small groups on fallen and often partially buried cones of Scots pine ("Pinus sylvestris"), European black pine ("Pinus nigra") and sometimes spruce ("Picea")
20262498
Yellow-tailed black cockatoo


gibbosa", "H. rugosa", "H. nodosa", "H. sericea", "H. cycloptera", and "H. dactyloides"). They are also partial to pine cones in plantations of the introduced "Pinus radiata" and to other introduced trees, including "Cupressus torulosa", "Betula pendula" and the buds of elm "Ulmus" species. In the Eyre Peninsula, the yellow-tailed black cockatoo has become dependent on the introduced Aleppo pine ("Pinus halepensis"), alongside native
797717
Pinus albicaulis


often favorable for germination of seeds and survival of seedlings. Those caches not retrieved by the time the snow melts contribute to forest regeneration. Consequently, whitebark pine often grows in clumps of several trees, originating from a single cache of two to 15 or more seeds. Other animals also depend upon the whitebark pine. Douglas squirrels cut down and store whitebark pine cones in their middens. Grizzly bears and American black bears often raid squirrel middens for whitebark pine seeds, an important pre-hibernation food. Squirrels, northern flickers,
2228992
Araucaria columnaris


scale-like. The female seed cones are scaly, egg-shaped, and 10–15 cm. long by 7–11 cm. wide. The smaller, more numerous male pollen cones are at the tips of the branchlets and are scaly, foxtail-shaped, and 2 inches (5 cm) long. The Cook pine can be confused with the Norfolk Island pine due to their similar appearances. A 2017 study found that trees tend to have a uniform tilt dependent on the hemisphere of their location, leaning on average 8 degrees
303969
Bishop pine


and dwarf marine pine. "Pinus muricata" is a coniferous evergreen tree growing to a height of 15–25 m, rarely up to 34 m, with a trunk diameter of up to 1.2 m. The species is often smaller, stunted and twisted in coastal exposures. It is drought-tolerant and grows on dry, rocky soil. The needles are in pairs, green to blue-green, and long. Cones occur in one to five clusters. The cones are strongly reflexed down the branch, 5–10 cm long; the
4063376
Maine Centennial half dollar


cones (Maine is known as the Pine Tree State) around as well as the various mottoes required by law to be present on the coinage. Numismatist Don Taxay, in his history of commemorative coins, speculated that "De Francisci did not altogether favor them". According to Taxay, the two human figures on the obverse "were too small to retain their beauty after reduction [from the plaster models to coin size] and seem trivial. The reverse, with its wreath of pine cones, is eminently uninspired."
9703159
Pinus radiata


dark grey to brown. It is closely related to bishop pine and knobcone pine, hybridizing readily with both species; it is distinguished from the former by needles in threes (not pairs), and from both by the cones not having a sharp spine on the scales. The modern tree is vastly different from the native tree of Monterey. In plantations the tree is commonly planted at 4×4 m spacing on a wide variety of landscapes from flat to moderately steep hills. Because of selective breeding and more recently the extensive use of
14858123
Pinus flexilis


per fascicle but have a semi-persistent sheath. Distinguishing limber pine from the related whitebark pine ("P. albicaulis"), also a white pine, is very much more difficult, and can only easily be done by the cones. In limber pine, the cones are long where the species overlap, green when immature, and open to release the seeds; the scales are not fragile. In whitebark pine, the cones are long, dark purple when immature, and do not open on drying, but are fragile
10420444
Tree volume measurement


always overstates the fully modeled volume. Similarly, using the cross-sectional area at breast height with full tree height in the cone formula usually understates the volume. These values provide an upper and lower bound for actual volume for younger trees. Old-growth pines can develop a columnar form, and if they have only a modest root flare, the actual trunk volume can exceed the volume as estimated by the upper bound formula. In an analysis of 44 trees, including 42 Eastern White Pines, one Eastern Hemlock, and
15972938
Trysting tree


Kiveton Lane between the Rectory glebe land and Kiveton. On the sandy heath of Barnhamcross Common in East Anglie used to be a pine tree about which curious customs have gathered. Called variously the Trysting Pine, Kissing Tree or Wishing Tree, the trunk had twisted and curled itself into a loop not far from the ground. One tradition said that a person had to pull off or knock down a single fir cone, hold it in the right hand, place one's head through the loop and make a wish. Another version
21826717
Carmel Pine Cone


"." - search for linkages between Langston Hughes and Pine Cone / Robinson Jeffers Pine Cone publisher Allman Cook announced Aug. 21, 1969, that he’d sold the newspaper to John Mustard and Wayne Everton, owners and publishers of The Squire, a community weekly in Lafayette. Everton became the general manager, and Mustard, the publisher In 1983, the Pine Cone was converted from a paid newspaper to a free one by owners Al and Judy Eisner. "(from Carmel-by-the-sea page on the
12394070
The Golden Pine Cone


The Golden Pine Cone is a novel by Canadian author Catherine Anthony Clark. The main characters are siblings Bren and Lucy, who find a golden pine cone in the woods and go to the spirit world in order to give it to its rightful owner, Tekontha, ruling spirit of British Columbia, where it takes place. "The Golden Pine Cone" was Clark's first novel. It was originally published in 1950. An illustrated second edition was published by Harbour Publishing in 1994. In their critical review of Canadian children's
8495159
Social learning in animals


preferences developed, researchers provided naive adult black rats with fresh pine cones in captivity and observed their behavior. After three months of experimentation, they found that none of the rats had successfully opened the pine cones and had instead haphazardly and inefficiently attempted to feed on the cones. In further experiments, the rats were allowed to observe experienced individuals opening the pine cones but were still unable to pick up the skill of pinecone stripping. Eventually, the researchers determined that naive adult rats could learn to strip pine cones efficiently if presented with
13183921
Newington College


5,000. During the withdrawal from ANZAC Cove, an Australian soldier picked up a pine cone and brought it home, where the seeds were propagated. Since 1933, when the pines became of good size and yielded more seedlings, Legacy arranged for pine trees to be distributed to schools and interested groups to help keep the memory of the Gallipoli Lone Pine alive. Twenty four brass plaques were hung in Prescott Hall as memorials to individual Old Newingtonians who died during World War I. Further plaques were added after World War II but they were
3360219
Pinus contorta


serotiny has been correlated with wildfires and mountain pine beetle attacks. The cones of the coastal Pacific subspecies, "P. contorta" subsp. "contorta", are typically non-serotinous, and those of the inland Pacific subspecies, "P. contorta" subsp. "murrayana", are completely non-serotinous. "Pinus contorta" is a fire-dependent species, requiring wildfires to maintain healthy populations of diverse ages. The bark of the lodgepole pine is fairly thin, minimizing the tree's defense to fire; however
20875737
Pinus arizonica


Pinus arizonica, commonly known as the Arizona pine, is a medium-sized pine in northern Mexico, southeast Arizona, southwest New Mexico, and western Texas in the United States. It is a tree growing to 25–35 m tall, with a trunk diameter of up . The needles are in bundles of 3, 4, or 5, with 5-needle fascicles being the most prevalent. This variability may be a sign of hybridization with the closely related ponderosa pine ("Pinus ponderosa"). The cones are single, paired
4063558
Pinus cembra


cones, which contain the seeds (or nuts), of the Swiss pine are to long. The to long seeds have only a vestigial wing and are dispersed by spotted nutcrackers. The very similar Siberian pine ("Pinus sibirica") is treated as a variety or subspecies of Swiss pine by some botanists. It differs in having slightly larger cones, and needles with three resin canals instead of two as in the Swiss pine. Like other European and Asian white pines, Swiss pine is very resistant to white pine blister
18313463
Pinyon jay


tips of ponderosa pine branches where new growth has occurred, and forage in the canopy for pinyon and ponderosa pine cones. If a cone is ripe but closed, the pinyon jay removes it to a place where it can be held open with the bird's feet. Then the bird hammers the cone open with its bill. Pinyon jays can differentiate between filled and empty seeds by a combination of color, weight, and sound produced by clicking seeds with their bills. Pinyon jays can hold up to 43 ponderosa pine seeds and
4195962
Smokey Bear


contributing to unnaturally dense forests with too much "fuel" or too many dead standing and downed trees, brush and shrubs. Periodic low-intensity wildfires are an integral component of certain ecosystems that evolved to depend on natural fires for vitality, rejuvenation and regeneration. Examples are chaparral and closed-cone pine forest habitats, which need fire for cones to open and seeds to sprout. Wildfires also play a role in the preservation of pine barrens, which are well adapted to small ground fires and rely on periodic fires to remove
17511307
Bristlecone pine


the cones will become brown in color. These ancient trees have a gnarled and stunted appearance, especially those found at high altitudes, and have reddish-brown bark with deep fissures. As the tree ages, much of its vascular cambium layer may die. In very old specimens, often only a narrow strip of living tissue connects the roots to a handful of live branches. Even though the trees' needles may age, they still remain functional in regulating water and by their ability to photosynthesize. Bristlecone pines are known for
2856478
The Bunyas


in brick swale drains, flanked on either side by avenue tree planting. It is not clear what species the trees are, although branch pattern on some suggests Norfolk Island pines, others could be Bunya pines (A.bidwillii). A large specimen of what appears to be the tree bird-of-paradise flower (Strelitizia nicolae) with its white and blue flowers and large banana-like leaves is on one corner of this walk. Trees include Bunya Bunya pine (several) (Araucaria bidwillii), jelly palm (Butia
15940698
Carmel Pine Cone


The Carmel Pine Cone is a weekly newspaper serving the city of Carmel-by-the-Sea and the surrounding Monterey Peninsula, Carmel Valley and Big Sur region of Monterey County in central California. Despite not having a digital presence, a PDF of the printed newspaper is available weekly online. The Pine Cone celebrated its centennial edition in February 2015. The Pine Cone was founded in 1915 by William Overstreet who proclaimed in the first four page edition of 300 copies, "we are here to stay!" Overstreet sold the
12394067
Conifer cone


pine cones open and close based on their level of dryness. In constructing "the pine cone in the bottle" display, a closed, damp cone of suitable size is inserted into a narrow-mouthed bottle and allowed to open upon drying. "Cone cows" are traditional homemade toys, made by children using material found in nature. The most common design is a spruce or pine cone with sticks or matches for legs, which can easily be attached by forcing them between the cone scales. Playing with cone cows often
6591608
Taiga


trees in the boreal forest—jack pine, lodgepole pine, aspen, balsam poplar ("Populus balsamifera"), paper birch, tamarack, black spruce—can be classed as pioneers in their adaptations for rapid invasion of open areas. White spruce shows some pioneering abilities, too, but is less able than black spruce and the pines to disperse seed at all seasons. Only balsam fir and alpine fir seem to be poorly adapted to reproduce after fire, as their cones disintegrate at maturity, leaving no seed in the
12672926
Kaibab squirrel


and pine needles. Kaibab squirrels, ponderosa pines, and the fungi which grow in the vicinity of the ponderosas exist in a symbiotic relationship. The squirrel eats acorns, fruit, and fungi (especially an underground truffle), as well as the seeds, bark, and twigs of the trees where it makes its home. The Kaibab squirrel's most significant source of food is the seeds found within ponderosa pine cones. Young squirrels are born between April and August. In the past the Kaibab squirrel was given species status (
1907451
Grace's warbler


insects and spiders, as far as is known from limited studies. It forages mostly high in pine trees (86% of its foraging time in a study in Arizona was in pines, but it foraged in oaks more in Mexico where olive warblers also occur). It catches its food from the bases of needle clusters and the upper bark of branches no thicker than its body. It will often hover to inspect pine cones for insect larvae. In Arizona it seldom flies to catch insects, but in Nicaragua it often does
19448425
Pinus greggii


Pinus greggii, or Gregg's pine, is a small to medium high pine tree native to eastern Mexico, found in two distinct regions. It has an open crown and long and slender branches. The needles are in bundles of three with an average length of 11 cm. The cones are clustered in groups of 5 – 10. The branches en upper trunk is smooth. "Pinus greggii" is introduced in several countries. The species was described by George Engelmann in 1868 Two varieties are found in literature: The species
12475805
Pinus albicaulis


fragile. Their pollen cones are yellow, and there are usually intact old cones found beneath them. Whitebark pine ("Pinus albicaulis") can also be hard to distinguish from the western white pine ("Pinus monticola") in the absence of cones. However, whitebark pine needles are entire (smooth when rubbed gently in either direction), whereas western white pine needles are finely serrated (feeling rough when rubbed gently from tip to base). Whitebark pine needles are also usually shorter, long, though still overlapping
2228990