what are they listening for now in the homestake mine
Homestake Mine (South Dakota)


The Homestake Mine was a deep underground gold mine located in Lead, South Dakota. Until it closed in 2002 it was the largest and deepest gold mine in North America. The mine produced more than of gold during its lifetime. The Homestake Mine is famous in scientific circles because of the work of a deep underground laboratory that was set up there in the mid-1960s. This was the site where the solar neutrino problem was first discovered, in what is known as the Homestake Experiment. Raymond Davis Jr. conducted this experiment in the
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Dakota Territory Resource Corp


-formation-hosted gold deposit in the world. During the 1980s and 1990s, Richard Bachman, geologist and now president and director of Dakota Territory Resource Corp, managed a team for Homestake Mining Company that was successful in uncovering and expanding new significant gold mineralization areas. While the mining at the Homestake Mine halted in 2002 due to low gold prices and high mining expenses, from 2011-2014, Dakota Territory Resource Corp acquired crucial sample data as well as mineral acres, broadening its property position in the Homestake District in efforts
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Homestake Mining Company


Homestake Mining Company was one of the largest gold mining businesses in the United States and the owner of the Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota. Founded in 1877, it was acquired by Barrick Gold in December 2001. Homestake was the longest-listed stock in the history of the New York Stock Exchange. George Hearst, Lloyd Tevis, and James Ben Ali Haggin bought the 10-acre Homestake Mine from its discoverer, Moses Manuel, for $70,000, and incorporated the Homestake Mining Company on November 5, 1877. On January
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Homestake Mine (South Dakota)


were dug and ore began to be brought out. An 80-stamp mill was built and began crushing Homestake ore by July 1878. In 1879 the partners sold shares in the Homestake Mining Company, and listed it on the New York Stock Exchange. The Homestake would become one of the longest-listed stocks in the history of the NYSE, as Homestake operated the mine until 2001. Hearst consolidated and enlarged the Homestake property by fair and foul means. He bought out some adjacent claims, and secured others in the courts. A
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Mount Morgans Gold Mine


Mount Morgans mineral field. In a second activities period, from 1988 to 1997, the mine produced 917,000 ounces at 3.2 g/t, now mostly from open pit operations. Mining at Mount Morgans ceased in 1998. The processing plant of the mine was later removed. The current site, was originally owned by Plutonic Resources, a major Australian gold mining and exploration company. Homestake Mining Company purchased Plutonic in April 1998 for more than $1.0 billion, and, in turn, Homestake was acquired by Barrick Gold at the
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Homestake Mine (South Dakota)


, was the second-largest gold producer in the United States, after the Carlin district in Nevada. Homestake was the longest continually operating mine in United States history. The Homestake mine ceased production at the end of 2001. Reasons included low gold prices, poor ore quality, and high costs. The Barrick Gold corporation (which had merged with the Homestake Mining Company in mid-2001) agreed in early 2002 to keep dewatering the mine while owners were negotiating with the National Science Foundation over the mine as a potential site for a
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Homestake Mine (South Dakota)


mid-1960s, which was the first to observe solar neutrinos. On July 10, 2007, the mine was selected by the National Science Foundation as the location for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL). It won over several candidates, including the Henderson Mine near Empire, Colorado. The Homestake deposit was discovered by Fred and Moses Manuel, Alex Engh, and Hank Harney in April 1876, during the Black Hills Gold Rush, in what was made part of Dakota Territory. (The government failed to keep its
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Dakota Territory Resource Corp


, which would become one of the longest-listed stocks in the history of the NYSE (NYSE:HM). Richard Bachman, president and director, previously worked for 22 years at Homestake Mining Company in various capacities including regional geologist, managing an exploration program focused on the discovery of a repeat of the Homestake Mine. Gerald Aberle, vice president, COO, and director, also worked for 22 years with Homestake Mining Company, at the Homestake gold mine in Lead, South Dakota. He also consulted for 14 years
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McLaughlin Natural Reserve


The Donald and Sylvia McLaughlin Natural Reserve is a University of California Natural Reserve System reserve in the Blue Ridge Berryessa Natural Area, in Napa and Lake counties of California. The site is owned by the Homestake Mining Company, and is the site of the now-closed McLaughlin Mine. The nature reserve protects California interior chaparral and woodlands habitat, in the Northern Inner California Coast Ranges. A signed agreement between Homestake Mining Company and the University of California established the reserve as a research and teaching facility in January 1993. The Ray
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Terraville, South Dakota


rich lode, and on April 9, 1876, they located it under the name Homestake. The claim was later bought by men from California, who formed the Homestake Mining Company. Used as the first headquarters of the Homestake, Terraville was founded in 1877 and became a home for the miners–and their families–of the local mines, including the Caledonia, Terra, and Deadwood. A tunnel was built by the company to connect Terraville to Lead. This tunnel was used both to carry ore from the Homestake Mine
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Homestake Mine (South Dakota)


. Production ceased during World War II from 1943 until 1945, due to Limitation Order L-208 from the War Production Board. By 1975, mining operations had reached the level, and two winzes were planned to . The gold ore mined at Homestake was considered low grade (less than one ounce per ton), but the body of ore was very large. Through 2001, the mine produced of gold and of silver. In terms of total production, the Lead mining district, of which the Homestake mine is the only producer
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Darlot-Centenary Gold Mine


excess of 500,000 ounces. Homestake begun mining the Centenary deposit in 1998. The site, was originally owned by Sundowner Minerals, which was taken over by Forsayth group, then Plutonic Resources, a major Australian gold mining and exploration company. Homestake Mining Company purchased Plutonic in April 1998 for more than $1.0 billion, and, in turn, Homestake was acquired by Barrick Gold at the end of 2001. Gold Fields Limited acquired the mine in October 2013 as part of a purchase that included Barrick's Lawlers and Granny Smith mines
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Lead, South Dakota


It is the site of the Homestake Mine, the largest, deepest () and most productive gold mine in the Western Hemisphere before closing in January 2002. By 1910, Lead had a population of 8,382, making it the second largest town in South Dakota. Lead was founded as a company town by the Homestake Mining Company, which ran the nearby Homestake Mine. Phoebe Hearst, wife of George Hearst, one of the principals, was instrumental in making Lead more livable. She established the Hearst Free Public Library in town
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Homestake Mine (South Dakota)


systems is also being prepared in the mine. The gold at Homestake is almost exclusively confined to the Homestake Formation, an Early Proterozoic layer with iron carbonate and iron silicate. The original 20–30 m thick Homestake Formation, has been deformed and metamorphosed, resulting in upper greenschist facies of siderite-phyllite, and lower amphibolite facies of grunerite schists. The iron may have been deposited by volcanic exhalation, perhaps in the presence of microorganisms. Gold ore mineralization is most intense in the Main Ledge, at the surface, and the 9
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Dakota Territory Resource Corp


. A year later, three entrepreneurs, George Hearst (father of the famous newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst), Lloyd Tevis, and James Ben Ali Haggin, bought the Homestake from them for $70,000, and founded the Homestake Mining Company. Because of the remote location, mining equipment had to be brought in from Nebraska, but eventually a mill began crushing ore in July 1878. A year later, the three partners sold shares in the Homestake Mining Company, listing it on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
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Lead, South Dakota


, and in 1900 the Hearst Free Kindergarten. Phoebe Hearst and Thomas Grier, the Homestake Mine superintendent, worked together to create the Homestake Opera House and Recreation Center for the benefit of miner workers and their families. Phoebe Hearst donated regularly to Lead's churches, and provided college scholarships from Lead–eadwood school which holds a staff of over 130 to the children of mine and mill workers. In the early 1930s, due to fear of cave-ins of the miles of tunnels under Lead's Homestake Mine, many of
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Paul C. Henshaw


Paul C. Henshaw (1913–1986) was an American businessman and geologist. He was president of Homestake Mining Company from 1970 to 1977. Henshaw was born in Rye, New York in 1913. He graduated from Harvard University before receiving an MS and PhD in geology from the California Institute of Technology. Henshaw worked in Peru and Mexico, along with teaching as an Associate Professor at the University of Idaho. In 1953, he started working at Homestake Mining Company. In 1961, Henshaw became vice-president of Homestake Mining Company.
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Homestake Mine (South Dakota)


new deep underground laboratory (DUSEL). But progress was slow and maintaining the pumps and ventilation was costing $250,000 per month. The owners switched the equipment off on June 10, 2003 and closed the mine completely. The Homestake Mine was selected in 2007 by NSF for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL). In June 2009, researchers at University of California Berkeley announced that Homestake would be reopened for scientific research on neutrinos and dark matter particles using DUSEL and Large Underground Xenon experiment. Research into enhanced geothermal
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Wyodak Mine


Though the operation went out of business in 1925, it left behind underground workings which were uncovered and mined through by the Wyodak mine in the 1950s. The modern Wyodak mine was established in 1923 to provide coal for power plants that supplied energy to the Homestake Mine (South Dakota) for its mining and milling operations. In 1956, the Black Hills Corporation purchased the mine from the Homestake Mining Company by exercising an option that was negotiated during its purchase of the Wyodak power plant in 1954. It is believed that Wyodak is
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Spearfish, South Dakota


1935, later called the area "unique and unparalleled elsewhere in our country," and wondered, "How is it that I've heard so little of this miracle and we, toward the Atlantic, have heard so much of the Grand Canyon when this is even more miraculous?" The Homestake Sawmill (previously part of Pope and Talbot, now owned by Neimen Forest Products) was built to supply timbers for the Homestake Mine in Lead (closed January 2002). In 1938, Joseph Meier brought the Luenen Passion Play
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Homestake Mining Company


% more of a mine in Bulgaria. In 1997, the company agreed to acquire a majority interest in the Troilus mine from Inmet Mining but backed out of the deal, leading to a lawsuit. In April 1998, the company acquired Plutonic Resources Limited for $640 million, adding mines in Australia. In December 1998, the company acquired the 49.4% of Prime Resources Group that it did not already own. In September 2000, the company announced plans to close the Homestake Mine by January 2002. In December 2001,
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New World Mining District


the region occurred in the 1860s with extensive workings developed at the Homestake and Little Daisy Mines between 1904 and 1925. The Homestake mine stopped only a few hundred feet from a high-grade ore body later discovered by Crown Butte Mines (a subsidiary of Hemlo Gold, a Canadian mining company) in 1989-1990 as a result of an intensive drilling campaign. In 1978, Congress specifically considered and then excluded the district from the newly designated Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness area because of past mining activity and the potential for future mining
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Sulphur Bank Mine


Napa County, about southeast of the Sulphur Bank mine: "Accompanying the cinnabar is free gold, which may be found by panning the soil." That statement got the attention of mining geologist Donald Gustafson of Homestake Mining Company in the late 1970s. Becker's observations had been somewhat obscured by the passage of time but that changed when James William Wilder, who bought the old mine from the Knox estate in 1965, showed Gustafson a copy of Becker's 1888 book. Between 1985 and 2002 Homestake's McLaughlin Mine recovered about
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McLaughlin Natural Reserve


. Homestake Mining Company bought the land in 1981 from William Wilder, owner of the One Shot Mining Company which included the abandoned Manhattan Mercury Mine. The historic Manhattan mining pit became McLaughlin's. In 1992, Homestake purchased the nearby Gamble Ranch, and with a boundary adjustment, historic Knoxville as well. At the McLaughlin Natural Reserve, the town of Knoxville is a few stone walls, all that is left from a mining community of 300 people and fifty buildings during its heyday of the 1880s. In 2006 the National Science
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Lawlers Gold Mine


was established. Of the original town of Lawlers, only the old police station is still standing. The site, was originally owned by Plutonic Resources, a major Australian gold mining and exploration company. Homestake Mining Company purchased Plutonic in April 1998 for more than $1.0 billion, and, in turn, Homestake was acquired by Barrick Gold at the end of 2001. Ore at Lawlers is mined in an underground operation. In June 2009, Lawlers has been certified as fully compliant with the International Cyanide Management Code. Production figures
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Doe Run Company


the Viburnum Trend. The company owns six mines and four mills along the trend. Other companies also developed the area, but Doe Run owned all the mines and mills in the district by 1992. The company changed its name to St. Joe Minerals in 1970, and was acquired by the Fluor Corporation in 1981. In 1986, St. Joe and another mining company, Homestake Lead, formed The Doe Run Company Partnership, which added Homestake's Buick mine, mill and smelter to St. Joe's operations. The Buick smelter was
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John C. H. Grabill


, Illinois. He was the official photographer of the Black Hills and Fort Pierre Railroad and the Homestake Mining Company in South Dakota. Between 1887 and 1892 Grabill sent 188 photographs to the Library of Congress for copyright protection. These photographs are now in the public domain. Grabill was involved in mining and prospecting in the Aspen, Climax and Buena Vista, Colorado area as early as 1881. He was the owner, with partner H. McCall, of the Mammouth and Vallejo mines on Aspen Mountain. He was involved in placer mining
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Sanford Underground Research Facility


outstanding operation of the wastewater system and environmental compliance" with DENR’s Surface Water Discharge Permit Award. The facility is housed at the previous Homestake Gold Mine, a deep underground gold mine founded during the Black Hills Gold Rush in 1876. In the late 1960s, the mine hosted the Homestake experiment. The operation, also known as the Davis experiment, allowed Raymond Davis, Jr. to measure the flux of solar neutrinos directly. The measurements' discrepancy with the flux predicted from the Sun's luminosity led to Davis's development of
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Paul C. Henshaw


In 1968, Henshaw was appointed to the California State Mining and Geology Board by Ronald Reagan. In 1970, Henshaw became president of Homestake Mining Company. He led the company as president until 1977, when he became chairman of the board. He was on the frontline of mine exploration and development. During his tenure the company became an established provider of uranium and expanded to include lead and zinc in Missouri as well as silver in Colorado. His excellent leadership led Homestake to place among the top financial performers among U. S. companies
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Blue Ridge Berryessa Natural Area


The Blue Ridge Berryessa Natural Area is a conservation area forming a contiguous corridor of in northern California. It is a mix of public and private lands overseen by the Blue Ridge Berryessa Natural Area Conservation Partnership. The Partnership was founded in 1997 as a forum for land managers to discuss land use activities, primarily Homestake Mining Company surplus acreage at McLaughlin mine. The meetings evolved into a regional conservation focus and effort. The Partnership has more than 100 participants, among them are: Yolo Land & Cattle Co., Homestake Mining Company,
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Geography of South Dakota


highest point in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Other Black Hills mountains that are over 7,000 ft (2,133 m) in elevation include Bear Mountain, Crooks Tower, Terry Peak, and Crows Nest Peak. The Black Hills are rich in minerals such as gold, silver, copper, and lead. The Homestake Mine, the largest and deepest gold mine in North America, was located in the Black Hills and produced over $1 billion in gold since it started operation in 1876. The mine is now a
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Copper mining in Michigan


copper. Michigan's native copper industry was essentially dead, after producing of copper. Several companies attempted to reopen copper mines during the next two decades, including attempts by the Homestake Mining Company. None of these attempts lasted more than a couple of years or proved profitable. The copper industry was, for over 100 years, the life blood of the Copper Country. The town of Red Jacket (now Calumet) used a portion of its budget surplus to build The Calumet Theatre, an opulent opera house which hosted famous plays
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Sanford Underground Research Facility


, Black Hills State University and the Sanford Lab Homestake Visitor Center. The SSEC is committed to developing and facilitating rich, innovative learning experiences and preparing the next generation of scientists, engineers, mathematicians and educators. The SSEC lends support to Sanford Lab's Education and Outreach programs, BHSU's Underground Campus and the Sanford Lab Homestake Visitor Center. SURF is located in the former Homestake Gold Mine and encompasses 223 acres on the surface and 7,700 acres underground. The surface property includes both the Yates Campus and the Ross Campus, named
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Terraville, South Dakota


the 723 residents were forced to move when the Homestake Mining Company decided to create an open cut mine at Terraville. The Homestake called it the Terraville Test Pit Project. Every building, most of them at least 100 years old, was torn down; at 102 years old, the Terraville Methodist Church was the oldest operating church west of the Mississippi River at the time of its demolition, and plans to make it a historical landmark had emerged. Today, only remnants of the roads remain. An annual reunion for the former
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White Oaks, New Mexico


to be a permanent settlement. It boasted 50 different businesses including four newspapers, two hotels, three churches, a sawmill, a bank, an opera house, livery stables, as well as saloons and gambling houses. A post office had opened as early as 1880. Baxter and another prospector named Winters established two claims, known as the Homestake Mine and the South Homestake Mine. The local mountains would be named for Baxter. The parties later sold their claims for $300,000 apiece. The town was frequented by notable Old
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Black Hills and Fort Pierre Railroad


The Black Hills and Fort Pierre Railroad (BH&FP) was a narrow gauge railroad in the Black Hills of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It was created by the Homestake Mining Company and ran from Lead to Calcite and had a branch from Mystic to Este. The railroad had of dual gauge track (with trackage) and another of track; the total amount of track was . The line was originally intended to haul timber to the Homestake Mining Company in Lead. On June 15, 1881, the railroad company was incorporated
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McLaughlin Natural Reserve


Krauss Field Station was established on the reserve in 1998 and hosts university courses and research such as geology, plant evolution and genetics, among others. Although the reserve is not open to the general public, there are workshops, lectures, and guided field hikes available. In 1999, Homestake Mining Company was given the Corporate Habitat of the Year award by the nonprofit Wildlife Habitat Council for the company's reclamation efforts and projects. The Homestake McLaughlin Mine Habitat Program includes sensitive species protection, restoring disturbed areas and monitoring of wildlife and
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Dakota Territory Resource Corp


Dakota Territory Resource Corp, a Reno, Nevada corporation, is a publicly traded gold development company owning land in the historic Homestake District of the northern Black Hills of South Dakota, an area that once produced the second largest amount of gold in U.S. history. Otherwise known as the Homestake Mine or the Homestake Deposit, the 100-square-mile area yielded approximately 44 million ounces of gold in its 136-year-history, placing it second in U.S. gold production only to the Carlin District of northeast Nevada, and ranking it the largest iron
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Maitland, South Dakota


II reached the United States in 1941, the mine was closed and has since been inactive. The mill burned down while it was being demolished in the 1950s. In the 1970s, the Maitland Slopes Company, a snowmobiling and tobogganing company was in operation near the area. Most of Maitland's site is now owned by the Homestake Mining Company, and the area has become a timber farm. The only remnants of the town are Alexander Maitland's house, the livery barn, and the office building. Maitland was located in
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Homestake Mine (South Dakota)


His railroad, Black Hills & Fort Pierre Railroad, gave him access to eastern Dakota Territory. By 1900, Homestake owned 300 claims, on , and was worked by more than 2000 employees. In 1901, the mine started using compressed air locomotives, fully replacing mules and horses by the 1920s. Charles Washington Merrill introduced cyanidization to augment mercury-amalgamation for gold recovery. "Cyanide Charlie" achieved 94 per cent recovery. The gold was shipped to the Denver Mint. By 1906, the Ellison Shaft reached , the B&M
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Sanford Underground Research Facility


the solar neutrino problem. The Homestake experiment publicized the mine as a resource among scientific communities. When the Homestake Mine closed in 2002, the National Science Foundation (NSF) had already considered the facility as a possible future site for the United States’ Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL). In 2006, the facility’s namesake T. Denny Sanford donated $70 million to the facility, Barrick Gold Corporation made a land donation and state legislation formed the South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), a quasi
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Geology of South Dakota


were uplifted in the early Cenozoic, followed by long-running periods of erosion, sediment deposition and volcanic ash fall, forming the Badlands and storing marine and mammal fossils. Much of the state's landscape was reworked during several phases of glaciation in the Pleistocene. South Dakota has extensive mineral resources in the Black Hills and some oil and gas extraction in the Williston Basin. The Homestake Mine, active until 2002, was a major gold mine that reached up to 8000 feet underground and is now used for dark matter and neutrino
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Arthur De Wint Foote


. Working for the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1874, he assisted the chief engineer building the Tehachapi Loop, the celebrated climbing railway spiral—and now a popular railfan site and National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark. In 1876, while posted at the New Almaden Quicksilver Mine in Santa Clara County, California, young Foote returned East to marry and to bring his bride, Mary Hallock Foote, back to California. Soon he moved his family to Deadwood, South Dakota, where he helped supervise the Homestake Mine; then to Leadville,
18700216
Neutral particle oscillation


the – system was confirmed by the BaBar and the Belle experiments. Direct CP violation in the – system was reported by both the labs by 2005. The – and the – systems can be studied as two state systems considering the particle and its antiparticle as the two states. The pp chain in the sun produces an abundance of . In 1968, Raymond Davis et al. first reported the results of the Homestake experiment. Also known as the Davis experiment, it used a huge tank of perchloroethylene in Homestake mine (it
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Large Underground Xenon experiment


experiment, which cost approximately $10 million to build, was located underground at the Sanford Underground Laboratory (SURF, formerly the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory, or DUSEL) in the Homestake Mine (South Dakota) in Lead, South Dakota. The detector was located in the Davis campus, former site of the Nobel Prize-winning Homestake neutrino experiment led by Raymond Davis. It was operated underground to reduce the background noise signal caused by high-energy cosmic rays at the Earth's surface. The detector was decommissioned
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Herbert H. Chen


, and the kinetic energy of both the charged particles and the neutrinos. The neutrinos travel from the Sun's core to Earth without any appreciable absorption by the Sun's outer layers. The expected number of solar neutrinos arriving at the earth could be computed using the standard solar model. The model gives a detailed account of the Sun's internal operation. In the late 1960s, Ray Davis and John N. Bahcall designed the Homestake Experiment to measure the flux of neutrinos from the Sun. Within the Homestake Gold Mine in Lead,
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Inmet Mining


Inmet Mining Corporation was a mining company headquartered in Toronto. In 2013, the company was acquired by First Quantum Minerals. The company held an 18% stake in Ok Tedi Mining Limited. The company had mines in Çayeli, Turkey; Las Cruces, Spain; and Pyhäsalmi, Finland. It was also developing a mine in Cobre Panama, Panama. The company was founded in 1987. In 1996, the company commissioned the Troilus mill, which began production in 1997. Homestake Mining Company agreed to acquire a majority interest in
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George Hearst


million dollars in ten years. Hearst later financed Marcus Daly to operate his Anaconda mine in Butte, Montana and acquired an interest in that mine as well. With other mining investors, Hearst set up Hearst, Haggin, Tevis and Co., in which he was a partner. He had interests in the Comstock Lode and the Ophir mine in Nevada, the Ontario silver mine in Utah, the Pacific mine in Pinos Altos, New Mexico, the Homestake gold mine in South Dakota, and the Anaconda Copper Mine in Montana.
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Homestake experiment


discrepancy in results created the solar neutrino problem. The experiment operated continuously from 1970 until 1994. The University of Pennsylvania took it over in 1984. The discrepancy between the predicted and measured rates of neutrino detection was later found to be due to neutrino "flavour" oscillations. The experiment took place in the Homestake Gold Mine in Lead, South Dakota. Davis placed 1,478 meters (4,850 feet) underground a 380 cubic meter (100,000 gallon) tank of perchloroethylene, a common dry-cleaning fluid. A big target deep underground
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Super Pit gold mine


and Gold Mines of Kalgoorlie (a Normandy Mining subsidiary). Barrick Gold acquired its share of the mine in December 2001, when it took over Homestake Mining Company. Newmont became part-owner of the mine three months later, when it acquired Normandy Mining in February 2002. Most of the gold mined in the Fimiston Open Pit occurs within ore lodes formed by ancient shears in a rock unit called the Golden Mile Dolerite. The gold mining area of Kalgoorlie-Boulder-Fimiston has long been called the "Golden Mile"
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Mayly Sánchez


In 2007 she was hired as assistant physicist at the US Energy Department's Argonne National Laboratory. In 2009 she joined the faculty of Iowa State University, where she is now a Professor of Physics and Astronomy and Cassling Family Professor. Her research is part of the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which is planned to send an intense beam of neutrinos from the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois to a detector located at the Homestake Mine in South Dakota. The experiment is designed to help scientists understand how the
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George Hearst


The Homestake Mine was one of his biggest investments. Although the gold ore was lean, the massive deposit supported an active mine until 2001. Hearst laterinvested in the Cerro de Pasco Mine in Peru. His company grew to be the largest private mining firm in the United States. Hearst acquired the reputation of being the most expert prospector and judge of mining property on the Pacific coast. He contributed to the development of the modern processes of quartz and other kinds of mining. George Hearst acquired the San Francisco "Examiner" newspaper
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Super Pit gold mine


Barrick Gold Corporation and Newmont Mining Corporation. The mine produced of gold in 2018, and employs around 1,100 employees and contractors directly on site. Originally consisting of a large number of underground mines, including the Paringa, Oroya, Brown Hill, Chaffers, and Hainault mines, consolidation into a single open pit mine was first attempted by Alan Bond, but he was unable to complete the task. The Fimiston Open Pit was eventually created in 1989 by Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines, a 50:50 corporate joint venture between Homestake Gold of Australia
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Dakota Territory Resource Corp


to restart a gold revitalization there similar to what was done two to three decades earlier. In a venture to continue exploration and development of this precious metals site, today Dakota Territory Resource Corp attempts to breathe new life into this once-profitable gold mining area. They cite a commitment to exploration of gold with sustainable practices. The total mineral area Dakota Territory Resource Corp owns covers 3,057 acres, including: the Blind Gold, City Creek, and Homestake Paleoplacer Properties. Dakota Territory Resource Corp trades under the symbol DTRC:OTCQB
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Ontario silver mine


, including the Ophir on the Comstock Lode, the Homestake Mine (South Dakota), and the Anaconda Copper Mine (Montana). The mine also made manager Chambers one of Utah's Bonanza Kings. The Ontario mine was credited as being more consistent in yielding annual dividends during the late nineteenth century than any other mine in Utah. The Ontario company's mill was also the birthplace of two significant hydrometallurgical processes, the Russell Process and the Cyanide Process. Edward H Russell (Yale 1878) developed his process for working low
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Alfred Delavan Thomas


Alfred Delavan Thomas (August 11, 1837 – August 8, 1896) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota. Born in Delavan, Walworth County, Wisconsin Territory (now Wisconsin), Thomas read law and graduated from Brown University in 1861. He was district attorney of Walworth County from about 1861 to 1867, and had a private practice in Delavan from 1864 to 1877, and in Fargo, Dakota Territory beginning in 1878. He was attorney for the Homestake Mining
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Joe Vogler


Kodiak, he moved to Fairbanks and worked as a civilian employee of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at Ladd Field (now Fort Wainwright) in Fairbanks, until 1951 when he began mining on Homestake Creek. He filed for of homestead land off the Steese Highway and acquired near Fairbanks off Farmers Loop Road. Vogler spent fifty years as a miner and developer in Alaska. Vogler was known around Fairbanks as a frequent writer of letters to the editor until 1973 when he launched a petition drive calling for Alaska to secede. He
21123379
Science and technology in Venezuela


US Energy Department's Argonne National Laboratory. In 2009 she joined the faculty of Iowa State University, where she is now an Associate Professor of Physics and Astronomy and Cassling Family Professor. Her research is part of the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which is planned to send an intense beam of neutrinos from the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois to a detector located at the Homestake Mine in South Dakota. The experiment is designed to help scientists understand how the universe formed and why neutrinos change form, especially
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Henderson molybdenum mine


Molybdenum Co., recognized the potential for deeper orebodies in the area, and discovered the Henderson deposit in 1964. The mine was named after mining engineer Robert Henderson. Production began in 1976, and, on Jan. 4, 2010, the workers mined the billionth pound of molybdenum. In 2006, remaining ore reserves were estimated to be 500 million pounds of recoverable molybdenum. It was considered by the National Science Foundation as one of the two final candidates for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory, but lost out to the Homestake
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Homestake Mine (South Dakota)


treaty with the Lakota, which had made this area part of their reservation.) A trio of mining entrepreneurs, George Hearst, Lloyd Tevis, and James Ben Ali Haggin, bought the claim from them for $70,000 in 1877. George Hearst reached Deadwood in October 1877, and took active control of the mine property. Hearst had to arrange to haul in all the mining equipment by wagons from the nearest railhead in Sidney, Nebraska. Arthur De Wint Foote worked as an engineer. Despite the remote location, deep mines
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Black Hills Corporation


Dakota Power Company began serving Rapid City in 1910. Both of these companies were purchased by holding companies in the 1920s. With Roosevelt-era legislation to break up big national utility holding companies, Black Hills Power & Light Company was formed in 1941 by combining the assets of General Public Utilities, Inc. and Dakota Power Company which provided power for most of western South Dakota. In 1956, the company completed its acquisition of the Wyodak Coal Company (now Wyodak Resources Development Corporation), from the Homestake Mining Company, setting the
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Terraville, South Dakota


Terraville is a ghost town in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. It was founded in 1877 as a mining camp and later evolved into a town. It was purchased by the Homestake Mining Company and was destroyed in 1982 to make way for a new mine. In the 1870s, four men–Moses and Fred Manuel, Hank Herney, and Alex Engh–entered the area on the hunt for gold. They each filed a claim in Bobtail Gulch on February 21, 1876. That spring, they discovered a
14408225
Deadwood, South Dakota


Deadwood lost some of its rough and rowdy character, and began to develop into a prosperous town. The Homestake Mine in nearby Lead was established in October 1877. It operated for more than a century, becoming the longest continuously operating gold mine in the United States. Gold mining operations did not cease until 2002. The mine has been open for visiting by tourists. On September 26, 1879, a fire devastated Deadwood, destroying more than 300 buildings and consuming the belongings of many inhabitants. Many of the newly impoverished left
9839023
Terraville, South Dakota


parts of the town and the surrounding area and mines. Water rights were secured for the town by the company. In 1900, approximately 700 people used the town's post office. The Homestake Mining Company later moved its headquarters and mining activities to Lead. By the 1970s, most of the residents of Terraville traveled to Lead for shopping and work. Terraville didn't have a mayor or law enforcement, except for the county sheriff. In the summer of 1982, the post office closed, the town was destroyed, and
14408228
Rochford, South Dakota


M. D. Rochford built a cabin there. In March 1877, an official mining district was set up in the area. In May 1878, Rochford, who was the county commissioner, and R. B. Hughes laid out the town in a gulch. Mining operations in the area included the Silver Reef, Resumption, Pride of the West, Oro Cache, Rattler, Mountain Treasure, Justin, Glenwood, Little Woodchuck, Ethan Allen, Wide West, and Surprise Fraction, as well as branches of the Homestake Mining Company. The
2868457
Dakota Territory Resource Corp


. During the Gold Rush of the late 19th century, brothers Fred and Moses Manuel and their partners, Alex Engh and Hank Harney, staked out an area in the northern Black Hills of what was then considered Dakota Territory (today Lead, South Dakota). On April 9, 1876, they discovered there an outcropping of a vein of ore, and quickly claimed the property theirs, naming it the "Homestake". Soon other miners followed suit, seeing great gold potential, and a town was built around the Homestake
20803940
Sweet Child o' Mine


that heartfelt feeling". On the next composing session in Burbank, the band added a bridge and a guitar solo. When the band recorded demos with producer Spencer Proffer, he suggested adding a breakdown at the song's end. The musicians agreed, but were not sure what to do. Listening to the demo in a loop, Rose started saying to himself, "Where do we go? Where do we go now?" and Proffer suggested that he sing that. The "Sweet Child o' Mine" video
868473
James Ben Ali Haggin


partners. Hearst, Haggin, Tevis and Co. became one of the largest mining companies in the United States; its operations included the Anaconda Copper Mine in Montana, the Ontario silver mine in Park City, Utah, and the Homestake Mine in South Dakota. James B. A. Haggin owned the Rancho Del Paso horse farm near Sacramento, California which he stopped using as a horse breeding farm in 1905 and concentrated his breeding efforts at Elmendorf Farm in Lexington, Kentucky. Haggin acquired Elmendorf in 1897 and until his death in 1914,
13114981
Uranium mining in New Mexico


Jurassic age. Several different companies moved into the region in the 1950s, particularly oil companies. They included Anaconda Company, Phillips Petroleum Company, Rio de Oro Uranium Mines, Inc, Kermac Nuclear Fuels Corporation (a cooperative of Kerr-McGee Oil Industries, Anderson Development Corporation, and Pacific Uranium Mines, Inc), Homestake Mining Company, Sabre-Pinion Corporation, United Western Minerals Company (of General Patrick Jay Hurley), J H Whitney and Company, White Weld & Co., San Jacinto Petroleum Corporation, Lisbon Uranium
15035764
Geology of South Dakota


, which managed the Homestake Mine until its closure in 2002, merged the Deadwood, Golden Terra, Father DeSmet and Caledonia gold mines around 1900. Its employees used emerging pneumatic drill technology and cyanide processing, creating the Ross Shaft and Yates Shaft—both 5000 feet deep—by 1941. Mine activity was suspended during World War II and resumed. By the mine's centennial in 1976, it was 8000 feet deep and had produced 31 million ounces of gold, seven million ounces of silver and 115 million tons of milled ore
20582896
Soudan Underground Mine State Park


other physics projects, such as the MINOS neutrino detector, dark matter search experiments CDMS-II, SuperCDMS, and CoGeNT, and also a work on electroforming copper to create pure radiation free copper. Low-background materials screening facilities are in use and continuing development. The mine was proposed as one possible site for a U.S. Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory, but that project has since been awarded to the Homestake Mine (South Dakota). Parts of the laboratory are open for daily tours, and there is an annual
11828709
Herbert W. Tullgren


Martin Tullgren caught the gold rush fever, and left Chicago with his family to become a prospector in Black Hills, South Dakota. Later, he would work as a superintendent of the mines for the Storm Cloud Mining Company in Arizona. The family lived in Maple Gulch on Crown King road, about 11 miles southeast of Prescott, Yavatapi Territory, Arizona, and used a mule as a means of transportation. By the end of the Tullgren's time in Arizona, Martin worked at Homestake Mining Company building and assisting in timbering
13216446
George Hearst


George Hearst (September 3, 1820 – February 28, 1891) was a wealthy American businessman, miner, and politician. After growing up on a small farm in Missouri, he founded many mining operations, and is known for developing and expanding the Homestake Mine in the late 1870s in the Black Hills of South Dakota. In 1879 he listed it on the New York Stock Exchange, and went on to other pursuits. The mine operated continuously, producing gold until 2001. After settling in San Francisco in the early 1860s
16951220
William K. Boone


of operations for the Texolo hydroelectric power plant. From 1900 to 1904 he resided in California and worked in the electrical operations of the Homestake Mining Company, in gold and silver mines near Lundy, California. He also worked at another one of their mines: Frenchtown Camp in the Kern River Canyon of the Greenhorn Mountains near Bakersfield. On January 6, 1904, in Los Angeles, CA, he married Blanche Marmon (also from Lima, Ohio). Within a few months, he and his wife moved to Xalapa and
19959885
Barrick Gold


Two years later, in 1996, Arequipa Resources, owner of properties including the Pierina mine in Peru, accepted a takeover offer from the renamed Barrick Gold Corporation. A third acquisition followed in early 1999, when Barrick Gold acquired Sutton Resources Ltd., assuming ownership of properties in Tanzania. In 2001, Barrick acquired Homestake Mining Company for $2.3 billion in stock, then one of the oldest mining companies in the United States. The purchase made Barrick the second-largest gold producer in the world. On October 31, 2005
15308231
Homestake Mining Company


25, 1879, the company became a public company via an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange, the first mining stock ever listed. In 1910 and 1917, the company established hydroelectricity plants. They were sold to the city of Spearfish, South Dakota in 2004. In 1981, the company bought out its partner in its uranium joint venture, United Nuclear Corporation, for $23 million and assumed operation of four uranium mines and one mill. In March 1996, the company exercised its option to buy 34
2377260
Reality mining


on Google. Mobile phones carry so much data about the individual that now phones can suggest restaurants based on our searches, visited places, book preference, and even guess the ends of sentences we type. A simple application of Reality Mining is listening to voices and understanding speech patterns to diagnose medical problems such as the simple flu to even early onset Parkinson's. More powerful phones also allow for calendar customization and event tracking which display behaviors within individuals, what is deemed important enough to track. Social websites also allow researchers to
15626392
Geology of South Dakota


Wisconsin, the ice sheet divided at the Prairie Hills, extending the Des Moines lobe to the east and a western lobe along the James River valley. A final advance of the glacier, known as the Big Stone stage, traced the Minnesota River lowland in the northeast. The Black Hills were extensively explored and periodically mined for silver, gold, mica, tungsten, feldspar, bentonite, beryl, lead, zinc, uranium, lithium and sand, as well as oil, beginning in the 1870s. The Homestake Mining Company
20582895
Sanford Hunt


consensus All-American in 1901 at the guard position. He was also the captain of Cornell's 1903 football team. He was a member of the Quill and Dagger senior honor society and the Chi Psi fraternity at Cornell. From 1905 to 1907, he was employed in construction, working on the construction of Lake Carnegie and other projects. From 1907 to 1912, he worked on the Pacific Coast as a mining engineer. In January 1910, he was the superintendent of the Homestake Mining Company at Yerington, Nevada. He
2805229
South Dakota Mines Hardrockers football


play twice in the same season (early in their history have played three times in a season) or earlier in the year. The teams battle for the Homestake Trophy, named for a mine in the Black Hills area and adorned with a prospector's pan. The rivalry is called the Black Hills Brawl, due to the location of the schools and ferocity in which the teams play each other, or the West River Rivalry, named for the area of South Dakota that both school's inhabit. Since their first meeting in
7487978
Wick Haxton


, neutrino physics (neutrino oscillations, neutrinoless double beta decay, neutrino properties), many-body theory (effective theories) in nuclear physics (as well as in atomic physics and condensed matter physics), and tests of symmetries of fundamental interactions ( parity, CP-symmetry, lepton number). He led the early efforts to convert the Homestake Mine in South Dakota to scientific use as the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory, but left the project after the mine was flooded in 2003. He has been a consultant
10510112
Lloyd Tevis


and Co., owned the Homestake gold mine in the Black Hills and the Ontario silver mine in Utah, and Tevis, Haggin, Hearst and Marcus Daly owned the great Anaconda copper strike in Montana. In 1897 the Hearst share of the Anaconda copper properties was sold to an English syndicate. Two years later in May 1899, Tevis, Haggin and Daly sold their shares to a syndicate led by John D. Rockefeller. For his share Tevis is said to have received $8 million. Tevis said he could think five times as
13629008
Charles Washington Merrill


in Arizona, thence to the Montana Mining Company in Marysville, California. In 1899, he became affiliated with the widely known Homestake Mining Company of South Dakota as a metallurgist, and in this capacity he manifested the brilliant talents which became the foundation of his future career. He became extensively known by his work, and acquired material prosperity, and his creation of new methods, particularly in the process of extracting gold from ore (the Merrill-Crowe process), brought to him wide fame. It is an established fact
16330861
Homestake Mine (South Dakota)


. By the time Hearst left the Black Hills in March 1879, he had added the claims of Giant, Golden Star, Netty, May Booth, Golden Star No. 2, Crown Point, Sunrise, and General Ellison to the original two claims of the Manuel Brothers, Golden Terra and Old Abe, totaling . The ten-stamp mill had become 200, and 500 employees worked in the mine, mills, offices and shops. Hearst owned the Boulder Ditch and water rights to Whitewood Creek, monopolizing the region.
18273387
Maitland, South Dakota


added in January 1903, two months later than it had been expected to be finished. The company made $400,000 in gold production in 17 months. The company was known as the Penobscot Mining Company from 1904 to 1906, but later changed its name and operated as the North Homestake Mining Company from 1907 to 1911. Maitland had several rich strikes and slow years. By 1915, the town was already largely abandoned; only the mill, a shaft house, and a handful of houses remained. Until that year, the
2697983
Blacktail, South Dakota


Blacktail (also known as Black Tail) is a ghost town in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. The name was collected by the United States Geological Survey between 1976 and 1980, and entered into the Geographic Names Information System on February 13, 1980. Blacktail was named for the black-tailed deer spotted by a settler near the town site. Blacktail was an early mining camp in which some of the Homestake Mine's mills operated. While the town flourished for a while, it eventually became a ghost town
6796905
Black Hills gold jewelry


years, since the closure of the Homestake Mine, the gold is sourced elsewhere. Pure 24 Karat gold bars, and stocks of pure silver and copper are the basic materials. These metals are not required to be mined in the Black Hills. The finished jewelry known as Black Hills Gold must be "produced" in the Black Hills of South Dakota. The different colors of gold used for leaves and other details are made when the pure 24 Karat yellow gold is alloyed with copper to achieve the traditional 14 karat pink (
8671660
U.S. Route 385 in Nebraska


and Whitewood Creeks, thousands more prospectors entered the area looking to stake their claim. In April, 1876, a gold outcropping was discovered near Lead, South Dakota. This gold claim became the Homestake Mine and was the primary source of the placer gold being mined from the surrounding area. Over the next century, ten percent of the world's gold supply would come from this site. Sidney, Nebraska became an important city during the gold rush. It was an optimal starting point for gold prospectors. It was adjacent to
8935935
Lead, South Dakota


the town's buildings located in the bottom of a canyon were moved further uphill to safer locations. Lead and the Homestake Mine have been selected as the site of the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory, a proposed NSF facility for low-background experiments on neutrinos, dark matter, and other nuclear physics topics, as well as biology and mine engineering studies. In 1974, most of Lead was added to the National Register of Historic Places under the name of the "Lead Historic District". Over four hundred buildings and
9839047
Lead, South Dakota


were included in the historic district, which has boundaries roughly equivalent to the city limits. Lead is located at (44.350967, -103.765784). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. Lead has been assigned the ZIP code 57754 and the FIPS place code 36220. Two prominent man-made features of Lead's geography are the giant open cut, which was used for surface gold mining by the Homestake Mine, and the resulting ridge nearby built with the non
9839048
Charles Washington Merrill


that he added to the value of the effective reserve in the ore property of the Homestake mine alone approximately twenty million dollars (1930's dollars). After he achieved his success in South Dakota, Merrill organized the Merrill Company in San Francisco in 1910, for the purpose of exploiting his patents in the cyanide process. He held over 25 patents in the United States and foreign countries relative to metallurgical processes and mining apparatus. From 1924-25 he served as a regent of the University of California and also served as president
16330862
Homestake Mine (South Dakota)


, the Golden Star , and the Golden Prospect , producing of ore. A disastrous fire struck on 25 March 1907, which took forty days to extinguish after the mine was flooded. Another disastrous fire struck in 1919. In 1927, company geologist Donald H. McLaughlin used a winze from the 2,000 level to demonstrate that ore reached the 3,500 foot level. The Ross shaft was started in 1934, a second winze from the level reached , and a third winze from was started in 1937. The Yates shaft was started in 1938
18273389
Mine railway


to 2000 psi (140 bar) were already envisioned. In 1911, Vulcan (Wilkes-Barre) was selling single-tank compressed-air locomotives operating at 800 psi (55 bar), double-tank models up to 1000 psi (69 bar) and one 6-tank model that may have operated at a much higher pressure. The Homestake in South Dakota, USA used such high pressures, with special compressors and distribution piping. Except for very small prospects and remote small mines, battery or diesel locomotives have replaced compressed
3857343
Black Hills Brawl


The Black Hills Brawl (also rarely called the West River Rivalry) is annual football game between Black Hills State University and South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. The winner of the game receives the Homestake Trophy. The current venues the game is played in are Lyle Hare Stadium since 1960 (Black Hills State) and O'Harra Stadium since 1938 (South Dakota Mines). First played in 1895 and played 133 times, the Black Hills Brawl is the most played in NCAA Division II and tied for the oldest rivalry in DII
4582530
Compañía Minera San Esteban Primera


management operates "without listening to the voice of the workers when they say that there is danger or risk," said Javier Castillo, secretary of the trade union that represents miners and a former miner at the San José mine. "Nobody listens to us. Then they say we're right. If they would have believed the workers, we would not be lamenting this now," said Gerardo Núñez, head of the union at a nearby Candelaria Norte mine. Chilean copper mine workers are among the highest-paid miners
5855363
Not for You


the industry's music... And it's not. It's mine. And it's yours. Whoever's listening to it. It's mine and it's yours. And everybody in between, they're the distributors. I think that something like a music channel can be very powerful. Sometimes they think they're the ones who decide what's heard. I think that's a dangerous situation. And, I think, what's more dangerous is that they think it belongs to them. That's probably what "
1032066
Homestake Mine (South Dakota)


Hearst employee killed a man who refused to sell his claim, but was acquitted in court after all the witnesses disappeared. Hearst purchased newspapers in Deadwood to influence public opinion. An opposing newspaper editor was physically attacked on a Deadwood street. Hearst realized that he might be on the receiving end of violence, and wrote a letter to his partners asking them to provide for his family should he be murdered. But within three years, Hearst had established the mine and acquired significant claims; he walked out alive, and very rich
18273386
Black Hills Gold Rush


years, the Homestake operated as the only major gold mine in the Black Hills. Chlorization and smelting were seen as two methods that could remove gold from the refractory ore in the 1890s. More rock mining regions opened up around Lead and Deadwood because of this discovery. During the gold rush, "Treasure Coaches" transporting large quantities of the precious metal worth up to $300,000 on each haul to Cheyenne, Wyoming, became a favorite target for road agents. The last recorded hold-up occurred around 3:00 pm on September
19084953
South Dakota Mines Hardrockers


the first school football team formed, originally named the "Longhairs". SDSM&T completed the transition form the NAIA to NCAA in July 2013. The Hardrockers, formerly a member of the NAIA's Dakota Athletic Conference. SDSM&T's chief rival is Black Hills State University, located less than 50 miles away in Spearfish, South Dakota. The last football game of the regular season between the two schools is called the Black Hills Brawl, whose winner gets the traveling Homestake Trophy. SDSM&T's other current rivalries include Colorado School of Mines
10929084
Kevin Weeks


and he and Jimmy kept meeting to let each other know what was going on. I listened to all that, but now I understood that even though he was retired, Connolly was still getting information, as well as money, from Jimmy. As I continued to read, I could see that a lot of the reports were not just against the Italians. There were more and more names of Polish and Irish guys, of people we had done business with, of friends of mine. Whenever I came across the name
742814