which is not a characteristics of advanced persistent threats mcq
McQ


Knowing McQ is not a threat, Santiago lets him go, though he beats him brutally as payback for the earlier assault. McQ's investigation leads to the shooting of one of his sources, bartender Myra (Colleen Dewhurst), and another attempt on McQ's life, in which his Firebird is crushed between two huge trucks. McQ escapes, but when he examines the wreckage, he finally discovers who is behind the police killings and the theft of drugs from the police, leading to a climactic chase and shootout at a
10223757
USMLE Step 3


choice questions (MCQs). The total number of MCQs on the FIP portion of the examination will be 233. The total testing day will be approximately 7 hours. Day 2 (Advanced Clinical Medicine [ACM]) will continue to be divided into six 45-minute blocks of MCQs, and 13 computer-based case simulations (CCS). Each ACM MCQ block will have 30 items. The total number of MCQ items on the ACM portion of the examination will be 180. The second half of day 2 will contain the
9754569
Advanced persistent threat


Advanced Persistent Threat group is the cyber threat actor in the context of cyber threat intelligence. There are hundreds of malware variations, which makes it extremely challenging to protect organizations from APT. While APT activities are stealthy and hard to detect, the command and control network traffic associated with APT can be detected at the network layer level with sophisticated methods. Deep log analyses and log correlation from various sources is of limited usefulness in detecting APT activities. It is challenging to separate noises from legitimate traffic. Traditional security technology and methods have
2817131
Advanced persistent threat


An advanced persistent threat (APT) is a stealthy computer network attack in which a person or group gains unauthorized access to a network and remains undetected for an extended period. The term's definition was traditionally associated with state sponsorship, but over the last few years there have been multiple examples of non-state sponsored groups conducting large-scale targeted intrusions for specific goals. An APT may have either business or political motives. APT processes require a high degree of covertness over a long period of time. The "advanced"
2817122
Advanced persistent threat


such as an individual adversary, are not usually referred to as an APT, as they rarely have the resources to be both advanced and persistent even if they are intent on gaining access to, or attacking, a specific target. Warnings against targeted, socially-engineered emails dropping trojans to exfiltrate sensitive information were published by UK and US CERT organisations in 2005. This method was used throughout the early 1990's and does not in itself constitute an APT. The term "advanced persistent threat" has been cited as originating from
2817125
Advanced persistent threat


the United States Air Force in 2006 with Colonel Greg Rattray cited as the individual who coined the term. However, the term APT was used within telecommunications carriers years previously. The Stuxnet computer worm, which targeted the computer hardware of Iran's nuclear program, is one example. In this case, the Iranian government might consider the Stuxnet creators to be an advanced persistent threat. Within the computer security community, and increasingly within the media, the term is almost always used in reference to a long-term pattern of sophisticated
2817126
Advanced Persistent Threat 33


Advanced Persistent Threat 33 (APT33) is a hacker group identified by FireEye as being supported by the government of Iran. FireEye believes that the group was formed no later than 2013. APT33 has reportedly targeted aerospace, defense and petrochemical industry targets in the United States, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia. APT33 reportedly uses a dropper program designated DropShot, which can deploy a wiper called ShapeShift, or install a backdoor called TurnedUp. The group is reported to use the ALFASHELL tool to send spear-phishing emails loaded with malicious
1702737
Advanced persistent threat


computer network exploitation aimed at governments, companies, and political activists, and by extension, also to ascribe the A, P and T attributes to the groups behind these attacks. Advanced persistent threat (APT) as a term may be shifting focus to computer based hacking due to the rising number of occurrences. PC World reported an 81 percent increase from 2010 to 2011 of particularly advanced targeted computer attacks. Actors in many countries have used cyberspace as a means to gather intelligence on individuals and groups of individuals of interest. The
2817127
Advanced persistent threat


process signifies sophisticated techniques using malware to exploit vulnerabilities in systems. The "persistent" process suggests that an external command and control system is continuously monitoring and extracting data from a specific target. The "threat" process indicates human involvement in orchestrating the attack. APT usually refers to a group, such as a government, with both the capability and the intent to target, persistently and effectively, a specific entity. The term is commonly used to refer to cyber threats, in particular that of Internet-enabled espionage using a
2817123
Advanced persistent threat


Carpenter and Jones defined the following APT criteria: Actors behind advanced persistent threats create a growing and changing risk to organizations' financial assets, intellectual property, and reputation by following a continuous process or kill chain: The global landscape of APTs from all sources is sometimes referred to in the singular as "the" APT, as are references to the actor behind a specific incident or series of incidents, but the definition of APT includes both actor and method. In 2013, Mandiant presented results of their research on alleged Chinese attacks
2817129
Advanced persistent threat


United States Cyber Command is tasked with coordinating the US military's offensive and defensive cyber operations. Numerous sources have alleged that some APT groups are affiliated with, or are agents of, governments of sovereign states. Businesses holding a large quantity of personally identifiable information are at high risk of being targeted by advanced persistent threats, including: A Bell Canada study provided deep research in to the anatomy of APTs and uncovered widespread presence in Canadian government and critical infrastructure. Attribution was established to Chinese and Russian actors. Bodmer, Kilger,
2817128
Mathematical Reviews


number of papers published by the journal during that five-year period. For the period 2004–2008, the top five journals in "Mathematical Reviews" by MCQ were: The "All Journal MCQ" is computed by considering all the journals indexed by "Mathematical Reviews" as a single meta-journal, which makes it possible to determine if a particular journal has a higher or lower MCQ than average. The 2009 All Journal MCQ is 0.28. "Current Mathematical Publications" was a subject index in print format that published the
8987456
Zscaler


zero-day attacks and advanced persistent threats by combining proactive protection against known threats, file-based behavioral analysis and sandboxing, botnet detection and blocking, data exfiltration detection and blocking, plus security analytics such as threat intelligence feeds. Zscaler for APTs consolidates the commoditized features of existing security appliances to protect, detect and remediate advanced security threats. Zscaler's cloud-based sandboxing is unique in being ultimately based on a terminating proxy - this means that it can quarantine files for inspection instead of only making pass/block decisions.
8237825
McQ


vault. The drugs are normally held by the department until turned over to the State Attorney General's Office for disposal. Santiago's men steal the drugs just as they are about to be burned in a hospital incinerator. McQ pursues Santiago's men, but they escape. After getting a much harsher warning from the increasingly exasperated Kosterman, McQ is informed by Kosterman that the approval for McQ's application for a private investigator's license is being placed on hold. Kosterman relieves McQ of his Colt revolver. McQ goes to a
10223755
Zscaler


Zscaler () is a global cloud-based information security company that provides Internet security, web security, firewalls, sandboxing, SSL inspection, antivirus, vulnerability management and granular control of user activity in cloud computing, mobile and Internet of things environments. As of 2015, Zscaler provides automated threat forensics and dynamic malware protection against advanced cyber threats, such as advanced persistent threats and spear phishing. It provides a cloud-based approach to security as a service. Zscaler was listed on the NASDAQ on 16 March 2018. The
8237820
Supply chain cyber security


Supply chain cyber security refers to efforts to enhance cyber security within the supply chain. It is a subset of supply chain security and is focused on the management of cyber security requirements for information technology systems, software and networks, which are driven by threats such as cyber-terrorism, malware, data theft and the advanced persistent threat (APT). Typical supply chain cyber security activities for minimizing risks include buying only from trusted vendors, disconnecting critical machines from outside networks, and educating users on the threats and protective measures they
18749926
McQ Inc


McQ Inc is a defense and electronics company in Fredericksburg, Virginia, that specializes in remote monitoring and surveillance equipment and systems for government and industry. McQ Inc designed and produces the OmniSense unattended ground sensor system equipment in use as part of currently deployed Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS). McQ was founded in 1985 and began work mainly as contract support. In 1990 McQ began its transition to an electronics R&D company and has designed and produced many systems and products since. In 2010, McQ consolidated its production facilities into a new
7732292
Supply chain attack


’s bottom line, reputation, brand, and intellectual property, the executive team needs to take ownership of cyber risk. Specifically, they should collaborate up front to understand how the institution will defend against and respond to cyber risks, and what it will take to make their organization cyber resilient. FireEye, a US network security company that provides automated threat forensics and dynamic malware protection against advanced cyber threats, such as advanced persistent threats and spear phishing, recommends firms to have certain principles in place to create resilience in their supply
16475816
RazorThreat


RazorThreat is an American software company that develops advanced threat protection software that detects unknown and unauthorized activity occurring in a network. Its Threat Analysis Console was listed in 2007 as an "industry innovator" by "Secure Computing". RazorThreat Vision provides post-filter analysis of log, flow and vulnerability data detecting targeted, customized, botnets, advanced persistent threat (APT)and other modern malware providing positive control over what is happening within a network. RazorThreat Vision provides visibility into known and unknown, authorized and unauthorized, external and internal network
6593631
Reverse Deception


Reverse Deception: Organized Cyber Threat Counter-Exploitation is a textbook which investigates two topics; first it provides methods and criteria to rectify Advanced Persistent Threats. and secondly it covers cyber deception where in an IEEE review it was noted as a "masterful presentation of deception". It details how to identity APTs and prioritize actions by applying skilled field-tested private- and government- sector processes and methods which often involves cyber deception. Identified by Richard Austin in an IEEE review as a "masterful presentation of deception", it is clear
20313618
Equation Group


The Equation Group, classified as an advanced persistent threat, is a highly sophisticated threat actor suspected of being tied to the Tailored Access Operations (TAO) unit of the United States National Security Agency (NSA). Kaspersky Labs describes them as one of the most sophisticated cyber attack groups in the world and "the most advanced ... we have seen", operating alongside but always from a position of superiority with the creators of Stuxnet and Flame. Most of their targets have been in Iran, Russia, Pakistan, Afghanistan,
4559284
Cyber-HUMINT


of informants and agents provocateurs. These companies do not apply the methods of agent recruitment and agent management, which various national intelligence organizations have developed and used effectively for years. New information technologies allow hackers to acquire the upper hand in any confrontation with the targeted organization. A case in point is APT ñ Advanced persistent threat, which in impact and devastation equals to a military strike against a civilian entity. Many peripheral defense systems are not capable of recognizing indications of incoming attacks in advance, and cannot intercept the attack during
17628022
Alexander McQueen (brand)


across the American Northwest capturing images, which evoked the McQ attitude. In August 2011, the company announced it would launch its first McQ standalone boutique in London in 2012. In November 2011, it announced that McQ would be presented at London Fashion Week for the first time in February 2012, and that the new four-storey Georgian townhouse boutique will stock womenswear, menswear, and accessories. Between 1996 and 2001, Alexander McQueen collaborated with jeweller Shaun Leane on bespoke jewellery pieces for the catwalk presentations. In January 2003,
1240692
McQ


Needham was nearly killed. Gary McLarty performed the stunt for the film. While filming the beach scenes in 1973, the crew stayed at the Polynesian Hotel (The "Poly") in Ocean Shores. A novelization of "McQ", written by Alexander Edwards, was published in 1974 by Warner Books (). The novel was written before the filming of the movie and consequent script changes. There are subtle differences, such as McQ living in an apartment rather than a boat. And the gun used by McQ in
10223759
Illusive Networks


a given network, and to provide forensics to threat intelligence teams and incident responders. The software blocks intruders from advancing their attacks by eliminating credentials and connections left behind by normal business processes, by providing false and misleading information that appears alongside real, valuable information, and by deploying devices and decoys to attract and distract attackers. The software is designed to thwart attacks and advanced persistent threats. Instead of targeting just malware, the Illusive software targets actual human beings (cyber attackers) who must make decisions at each step in the
16686164
Tasmanian coniferous shrubbery


species survival. Persistence of these species is due to natural selection, not dispersal limitation. The conservation of certain ecological characteristics promotes survival. The table below shows clade ages and scores of paleoendemism, which are calculated by dividing the age of the clade by the square root of the area of current occupancy. Scores of 500 m are considered high. Tasmania is one of 5 global hotspots for conifer diversity, with one of the highest rates of endemism in conifer flora in the world. The threats of climate change to Tasmanian coniferous
20171970
Packet capture appliance


needed, especially in the case of an advanced persistent threat (APT). APTs and other hacking techniques rely for success on network administrators not knowing how they work and thus not having solutions in place to counteract them. Intelligent packet capture uses machine learning to filter and reduce the amount of network traffic captured. Traditional filtered packet capture relies on rules and policies which are manually configured to capture all potentially malicious traffic. Intelligent packet capture uses machine learning models, including features from Cyber threat intelligence feeds, to scientifically target and capture
10405424
Ilya Sachkov


fivefold to 70 people and purchase equipment. In 2013, Group-IB's management bought out Leta Group's share. Since 2012, Group-IВ has developed an early warning system for proactive cyber defence based on the company's own threat intelligence and incident response methodic. In 2014 Group-IB became the first Russian threat intelligence vendor included in Gartner's reports. Group-IB's product line also includes TDS (Threat Detection System) and APT (Advanced Persistent Threat) detection network appliance, as well as Secure Bank
15781621
User behavior analytics


User behavior analytics (UBA) as defined by Gartner is a cybersecurity process about detection of insider threats, targeted attacks, and financial fraud. UBA solutions look at patterns of human behavior, and then apply algorithms and statistical analysis to detect meaningful anomalies from those patterns—anomalies that indicate potential threats. Instead of tracking devices or security events, UBA tracks a system's users. Big data platforms like Apache Hadoop are increasing UBA functionality by allowing them to analyze petabytes worth of data to detect insider threats and advanced persistent threats.
8178446
Operation Aurora


by the Elderwood gang and others such as PLA Unit 61398, a Shanghai-based advanced persistent threat group also called "Comment Crew", named after the technique often used by the group involving internal software "comment" features on web pages, which are used to infiltrate target computers that access the sites. The two largest groups may employ hundreds of people, and work to compromise security and siphon business ideas, advanced designs, and trade secrets from various foreign computer networks. The group behind the Operation Aurora attacks were dubbed
2019513
Alexander McQueen (brand)


collection "Plato's Atlantis" live on the company's website. The shoes from that collection were later featured on the SHOWstudio website. The same year, the company collaborated with Unkle who produced music for the McQ Autumn/Winter 2009 collection titled McQ. The collaboration was a success, and was extended a second season for the McQ Spring/Summer 2010 collection where the promotional CD was given out in a McQ press goodie bag. In June 2010, Visionaire magazine's 58th issue, titled Spirit: A Tribute To Lee Alexander
1240699
Bruneau hot springsnail


the highest-ranking threats to the species. Despite previous conservation efforts, threats to the Bruneau hot springsnail persist and it is in danger of extinction. However, in January 14, 2019, Idaho lawmakers advanced plans to cap hundreds of artesian wells in the area, improving geothermal aquifer pressure. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with the State of Idaho and other partners in conservation, including private landowners, toward the shared goal of reducing threats and ultimately recovering this species so that it no longer needs protection under the
15712629
West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination


2012, all papers consist of 80 MCQ type question divided in two section. Section one consists of 60 MCQs of 1 marks each and Section two consists of the remaining 20 MCQs of 2 marks each. Negative marking is applicable. 30% of the total marks of a question will be deducted for every incorrect answer. In 2006, the WBJEE contained only objective-type MCQ (Multiple Choice Question) type questions. This announcement attracted mixed reactions with some applauding it as a step towards the future while others have said that
5519255
Unattended ground sensor


using the motion detector sensors only when imaging is not needed, only motion detection The proposed U-UGS sensors are made up of the following: The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) developed Omnisense for perimeter defense and border-monitoring applications in collaboration with McQ Inc. In 2005, the OmniSense system was commercialized and fielded by the U.S. Army. The persistent surveillance sensors were deployed in quantity to warfighting areas to monitor roads, borders, and areas of interest for insurgent activities. This networked UGS system connected the user to the remotely
15032286
Dangling pointer


memory to it, this becomes known as a "use after free" vulnerability. For example, CVE-2014-1776 is a use-after-free vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 being used by zero-day attacks by an advanced persistent threat. In C, the simplest technique is to implement an alternative version of the free() (or alike) function which guarantees the reset of the pointer. However, this technique will not clear other pointer variables which may contain a copy of the pointer. The
8488462
Kidney


or other characteristic abnormalities that may suggest an etiology for the patient's renal disease. In the majority of vertebrates, the mesonephros persists into the adult, albeit usually fused with the more advanced metanephros; only in amniotes is the mesonephros restricted to the embryo. The kidneys of fish and amphibians are typically narrow, elongated organs, occupying a significant portion of the trunk. The collecting ducts from each cluster of nephrons usually drain into an "archinephric duct", which is homologous with the vas deferens of amniotes. However, the
17352620
Sourcefire


in security effectiveness and total cost of ownership. On July 23, 2013, Cisco Systems announced a definitive agreement to acquire Sourcefire for $2.7 billion. The Sourcefire Firepower line of appliances are designed to form part of a layered security defense. They can be deployed as: Sourcefire Advanced Malware Protection (AMP) offers malware analysis and protection for networks and endpoints using big data analytics to discover, understand and block advanced malware outbreaks, advanced persistent threats (APTs) and targeted attacks. AMP enables malware detection and blocking while provisioning
22060804
Car chase


car chase. Since "Bullitt", car chases featured in movies have become more advanced and arguably more entertaining. Car crashes have also formed an increasingly important role, with the destruction of any vehicle often coming as a delight to the viewer. An early example of a staged but startling accident in a movie chase can be found in the 1974 movie "McQ", which featured an incredible rollover, the first cannon rollover in fact, across a beach. The spectacle came at a cost, however, for stunt driver
14193143
Sqrrl


Sqrrl Data, Inc. is an American company founded in 2012 that markets software for big data analytics and cyber security. The company has roots in the United States Intelligence Community and National Security Agency. Sqrrl was involved in the creation of, and actively contributes to Apache Accumulo and other related Apache projects. Sqrrl’s primary product is its threat hunting platform, designed for active detection of advanced persistent threats. In January 2018, Sqrrl was acquired by Amazon. Most of Sqrrl’s founders previously worked for the National Security Agency; CEO
19123614
Advanced persistent threat


variety of intelligence gathering techniques to access sensitive information, but applies equally to other threats such as that of traditional espionage or attacks. Other recognized attack vectors include infected media, supply chain compromise, and human intelligence and deception. The purpose of these attacks is to place custom malicious code on one or multiple computers for specific tasks and to remain undetected for the longest possible period. Knowing the attacker artifacts, such as file names, can help a professional make a network-wide search to gather all affected systems. Individuals,
2817124
PrivateCore


PrivateCore is a venture-backed startup located in Palo Alto, California that develops software to secure server data through server attestation and memory encryption. The company's attestation and memory encryption technology fills a gap that exists between “data in motion” encryption (TLS, email encryption) and “data at rest” encryption (disk encryption, tape encryption) by protecting “data in use” (random access memory). PrivateCore memory encryption technology protects against threats to servers such as cold boot attacks, hardware advanced persistent threats,
6247857
Denial-of-service attack


advanced persistent threat and requires specialised DDoS mitigation. These attacks can persist for weeks; the longest continuous period noted so far lasted 38 days. This attack involved approximately 50+ petabits (50,000+ terabits) of malicious traffic. Attackers in this scenario may tactically switch between several targets to create a diversion to evade defensive DDoS countermeasures but all the while eventually concentrating the main thrust of the attack onto a single victim. In this scenario, attackers with continuous access to several very powerful network resources are capable of sustaining a prolonged campaign
18427984
McQ


up, Boyle goes outside and gives the driver a satchel containing the 9mm and proceeds to his own car – but is shot in the back by the unseen driver. Seattle Police Department, and the head of the homicide investigation, Captain Edward Kosterman (Eddie Albert), believe the shootings are the work of street militants; Kosterman orders an immediate dragnet. Elsewhere, Detective Lieutenant Lon "McQ" McHugh (Wayne) escapes an attempt on his life by a professional hit man named Samuels. McQ had been woken minutes
10223752
McQ


before by a phone call to him on his boat, telling him of the shootings of his longtime partner and the two other police officers. Because he and Boyle had been investigating drug trafficking in the city, McQ is convinced from the start that the target of their investigation, local shipping magnate and suspected narcotics dealer Manny Santiago (Al Lettieri), is responsible for the shootings. Despite a warning from Captain Kosterman to leave the investigation to the department, McQ, after talking with Boyle's wife Lois (Diana Muldaur)
10223753
McQ


local gun store and acquires for himself a Browning Hi-Power pistol and a MAC-10 submachine gun. McQ breaks into Santiago's office but is cornered by Santiago and his men. Santiago reveals that the drugs his men stole had turned out to be only powdered sugar. The real drugs, evidence in major and minor cases and investigations, was replaced over time with the sugar. Obviously this could only have been done by key corrupt members of the department. McQ also realizes that Santiago was not responsible for Boyle's death.
10223756
McQ


, "Like so many of his recent movies, 'McQ' would be nothing without Wayne. In fact, less than nothing, because tho its story takes a high number of unexpected turns, the pacing is excruciatingly slow, its supporting characters excruciatingly vapid. And yet the film holds together around Wayne." Kevin Thomas of the "Los Angeles Times" stated: "The most intriguing aspect of John Wayne's diverting but undistinguished new picture 'McQ' at selected theaters is its similarity to Clint Eastwood's 'Magnum
10223762
Prelude SIEM (Intrusion Detection System)


Prelude SIEM is a Security information and event management (SIEM). It is a tool for driving IT security. Prelude SIEM collect and centralize information about company's IT security to offer a single point of view to manage it. Thanks to its logs and flows analyzer, Prelude SIEM create alerts about intrusions and security threats in the network in real time. Prelude SIEM provide multiple tools to do forensic and reporting on Big Data and Smart Data to identify weak signals and Advanced Persistent Threat (APT). Finally, Prelude SIEM
13054729
Antivirus software


backdoors, rootkits, trojan horses, worms, malicious LSPs, dialers, fraudtools, adware and spyware. Some products also include protection from other computer threats, such as infected and malicious URLs, spam, scam and phishing attacks, online identity (privacy), online banking attacks, social engineering techniques, advanced persistent threat (APT) and botnet DDoS attacks. Although the roots of the computer virus date back as early as 1949, when the Hungarian scientist John von Neumann published the ""Theory of self-reproducing automata
20664187
DNS analytics


DNS Analytics is the surveillance (collection and analysis) of DNS traffic within a computer network. Such analysis of DNS traffic has a significant application within information security and computer forensics, primarily when identifying insider threats, malware, cyberweapons, and "advanced persistent threat" (APT) campaigns within computer networks. Since DNS Analytics processes and interactions involve the communications between DNS clients and DNS servers during the resolution of DNS queries and updates, it may include tasks such as request logging, historical monitoring by node, tabulation of request count
8584577
Operation Aurora


Operation Aurora was a series of cyber attacks conducted by advanced persistent threats such as the Elderwood Group based in Beijing, China, with ties to the People's Liberation Army. First publicly disclosed by Google on January 12, 2010, in a blog post, the attacks began in mid-2009 and continued through December 2009. The attack was aimed at dozens of other organizations, of which Adobe Systems, Juniper Networks and Rackspace have publicly confirmed that they were targeted. According to media reports, Yahoo, Symantec, Northrop Grumman, Morgan
2019507
Secure end node


of trust required (and thus operational, physical, personnel, network, and system security applied) is commensurate with the risk of piracy, tampering, and reverse engineering (within a given threat environment). An essential characteristic of SENs is they cannot persist information as they change between networks (or domains). The remote, private, and secure network might be organization's in-house network or a cloud service. A Secure End Node typically involves authentication of (i.e. establishing trust in) the remote computer's
677846
McQ


, begins tailing Santiago. After seeing a TV news report that Boyle has died of his injuries, he rages after Santiago and beats him viciously in a men's room. When confined to desk duty by Kosterman, McQ angrily resigns, despite pleading from fellow detective Franklyn Toms (Clu Gulager). Continuing to investigate the case through a partnership with local private eye "Pinky" Farrell (David Huddleston), McQ learns that Santiago has assembled a heist team to steal the confiscated heroin and cocaine from the police department's evidence
10223754
McQ


Force' ... The difference—and it may be crucial—is that Wayne, blustering and bombastic as ever, dominates his film whereas it's violence for violence's sake that takes over 'Magnum Force.' Eastwood's film looks lots more chic, but 'McQ' has lots more humanity." Wayne had rejected the lead in "Dirty Harry" a few years prior to this film, which he later admitted to regretting. The producers of that film chose Seattle as its location in an earlier version of the
10223763
Heuristic analysis


problem, the heuristic model was specifically designed to spot suspicious characteristics that can be found in unknown, new viruses and modified versions of existing threats as well as known malware samples. Cybercriminals are constantly developing new threats, and heuristic analysis is one of the only methods used to deal with the huge volume of these new threats seen daily. Heuristic analysis is also one of the few methods capable of combating polymorphic viruses — the term for malicious code that constantly changes and adapts. Heuristic analysis is incorporated into advanced security solutions offered by
18932797
Mathematical Reviews


searchable database. Eventually the contents became part of MathSciNet, which was officially launched in 1996. MathSciNet also has extensive citation information. "Mathematical Reviews" computes a "mathematical citation quotient" (MCQ) for each journal. Like the impact factor, this is a numerical statistic that measures the frequency of citations to a journal. The MCQ is calculated by counting the total number of citations into the journal that have been indexed by "Mathematical Reviews" over a five-year period, and dividing this total by the total
8987455
International medical graduate


to the Australian Medical Council (AMC) to arrange an appropriate assessment pathway. The standard pathway involves an IMG sitting a series of assessments, including AMC MCQ Exam and AMC clinical exam. AMC MCQ Exam consists of 150 MCQs organized through computer adaptive scoring. For AMC clinical exam, a candidate is required to pass 12 out of 16 cases including one compulsory case in each of Gyne and pediatrics. Those IMGs who have passed the necessary exams and obtained AMC certification can then apply to an Australian specialty training positions. Australia is
19757772
Overseas trained doctors in Australia


The standard pathway involves an IMG sitting a series of assessments, including an AMC Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) Exam and an AMC clinical exam. AMC MCQ Exam consists of 150 MCQs organized through computer adaptive scoring. For AMC clinical exam, a candidate is required to pass 12 out of 16 cases including one compulsory case in each of Gynecology and pediatrics. Those OTDs who have passed the necessary exams and obtained AMC certification can then apply to an Australian specialty training positions. Australia is in the process of establishing a national registration
21446656
Persistent data structure


. In fully persistent model, both updates and queries are allowed on any version of the data structure. In some cases the performance characteristics of querying or updating older versions of a data structure may be allowed to degrade, as is true with the Rope data structure. In addition, a data structure can be referred to as confluently persistent if, in addition to being fully persistent, two versions of the same data structure can be combined to form a new version which is still fully persistent. One method for creating a persistent
8027303
Chinese intelligence activity abroad


false. "These are totally false allegations and I believe that we are completely disregarding them." Since at least April 2017, TEMP.Periscope, an advanced persistent threat based in China, has been hacking Cambodian organizations related to the 2018 general election. Targets included the National Election Commission, the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, the Senate of Cambodia, and the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The APT engaged in spear phishing against Monovithya Kem of the Cambodia National Rescue Party, sending messages which
16085290
China Chopper


China Chopper is a web shell which is only 4 kilobytes in size, first discovered in 2012. This web shell is commonly used by malicious Chinese actors, including advanced persistent threat (APT) groups, to remotely control web servers. This web shell has two parts, the client interface (an executable file) and the receiver host file on the compromised web server. China Chopper has many commands and control features such as a password brute-force attack option, code obfuscation, file and database management and a graphical user
5925712
Computer security


called "physical firewall", which consists of a separate machine filtering network traffic. Firewalls are common amongst machines that are permanently connected to the Internet. Some organizations are turning to big data platforms, such as Apache Hadoop, to extend data accessibility and machine learning to detect advanced persistent threats. However, relatively few organisations maintain computer systems with effective detection systems, and fewer still have organized response mechanisms in place. As a result, as Reuters points out: "Companies for the first time report they are losing more through
7540113
Espadarana prosoblepon


system. Some frogs tend to be less threatened by "Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis" due to the variation in their physiology. The emerald glass frog was able to persist during its decline which indicates high resistance to "Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis". Another threat is a chytrid collapse, which is when the majority of the population rapidly declines while a few persist. There is very little information regarding predation but crabs and other small predators such as spiders have been reported to feed on "Centrolene prosoblepon". Generally, threats to the emerald glass frogs
6338376
Rangamati Medical College


Medical Education under DGHS under the Ministry of health. The test comprises a written MCQ exam, which is held simultaneously in all government medical colleges on the same day throughout the country. Candidates are selected for admission based on national merit and district, whether they are sons or daughters of freedom fighters, and to fill tribal quotas. For foreign students, admission is through the embassy of Bangladesh in their respective countries. The academic calendar for different years is maintained by respective departments. The admission test consists of the written MCQ exam
11072987
Raytheon Intelligence, Information and Services


defense, advanced persistent threat protection, and cyber hardening of military systems and critical infrastructure. In addition to advanced technologies, CSM develops integrated systems, tradecraft and support capabilities for a broad spectrum of special missions. The Global Intelligence Solutions (GIS) mission area develops and integrates large-scale, high-performance signals intelligence (SIGINT,) geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) and Multi-INT systems. GIS provides commercial and intelligence customers with large-scale information processing, integration and visualization systems for intelligence, satellite and space-
10590566
West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination


opting for MCQ when other tests were slowly phasing out MCQ because of studies showing MCQ failed to properly judge aptitude is a folly. The WBJEE 2008 was Postponed Due To Paper Leak, after the Physics, Chemistry and Biology papers were leaked. Two persons, Arun Chowdhury and Mihir Dandapatt, were arrested on Saturday in West Midnapore's Ghatal, where the three papers were being sold for Rs 2.5 lacs. WBJEE 2011 exam was postponed from 17 April 2011 to 22 May due to election date issues in West Bengal. Various colleges
5519256
Advanced Persistent Threat 33


HTML Application files to its targets. APT33 registered domains impersonating many commercial entities, including Boeing, Alsalam Aircraft Company, Northrop Grumman and Vinnell. FireEye and Kaspersky Lab noted similarities between the ShapeShift and Shamoon, another virus linked to Iran. APT33 also used Farsi in ShapeShift and DropShot, and was most active during Iran Standard Time business hours, remaining inactive on the Iranian weekend. One hacker known by the pseudonym of xman_1365_x was linked to both the TurnedUp tool code and the Iranian Nasr Institute, which has been connected to the
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Advanced persistent threat


using APT methodology between 2004 and 2013 that followed similar lifecycle: In incidents analysed by Mandiant, the average period over which the attackers controlled the victim's network was one year, with longest – almost five years. The infiltrations were allegedly performed by Shanghai-based Unit 61398 of People's Liberation Army. Chinese officials have denied any involvement in these attacks. Previous reports from Secdev had previously discovered and implicated Chinese actors. Definitions of precisely what an APT is can vary, but can be summarized by their named requirements below:
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Argus – Audit Record Generation and Utilization System


L4 transport identification (RTP detection), host flow control indications, etc... Argus has implemented a number of packet dynamics metrics specifically designed for cyber security. Argus detects human typing behavior in any flow, but of particular interest is key-stroke detection in encrypted SSH tunnels. and Argus generates the Producer Consumer Ratio (PCR) which indicates whether a network entity is a data producer and/or consumer, an important property when evaluating the potential for a node to be involved in an Advanced persistent threat (APT) mediated exfiltration.
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Iconic memory


persistence, it is immune to masking effects. The characteristics of this component of iconic memory suggest that it plays the key role in representing a post-categorical memory store for which VSTM can access information for consolidation. Although less research exists regarding the neural representation of informational persistence compared to visual persistence, new electrophysiological techniques have begun to reveal cortical areas involved. Unlike visible persistence, informational persistence is thought to rely on higher-level visual areas beyond the visual cortex. The anterior superior temporal sulcus (STS), a part
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Next-Generation Bomber


officials identified the new bomber as having top-end low-observability characteristics with the ability to loiter for hours over the battlefield area and respond to threats as they appear. Major General David E Clary, ACC vice-commander, summed it up by saying the new bomber would "penetrate and persist". Deployment of cruise missiles was another issue for the new bomber. The B-52 is the only aircraft currently in the Air Force inventory allowed under strategic nuclear arms reduction treaty to be armed with nuclear cruise missiles. Major consideration
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List of Revelation Space races


They are apparently more advanced than the Inhibitors, able to jump across branes, synthesise matter and (perhaps) travel back across time. They claim that some of their weapons went out of control and became a significant threat in their universe. There is some suggestion that the terraforming agent which the Shadows are fleeing from is the Greenfly; the agent they are fleeing has characteristics that correspond more or less perfectly with the Greenfly forces encountered at the end of "Absolution Gap" and "Galactic North". If this is true
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Social ecological model


society). Finally, force characteristics are those that have to do with differences of temperament, motivation, and persistence. According to Bronfenbrenner, two children may have equal resource characteristics, but their developmental trajectories will be quite different if one is motivated to succeed and persists in tasks and the other is not motivated and does not persist. As such, Bronfenbrenner provided a clearer view of individuals' roles in changing their context. The change can be relatively passive (a person changes the environment simply by being in it),
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Persistent poverty county


A persistent poverty county is a classification for counties in the United States that have had a relatively high rate of poverty over a long period. A 2011 U.S. federal law defined a persistent poverty county as one in which "20 percent or more of its population [has lived] in poverty over the past 30 years" according to the Census, which is done every 10 years. The Economic Research Service (ERS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture categorizes non-metropolitan counties by their dominant economic foundation and by characteristic policy
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Vertebral osteomyelitis


in advanced cases of vertebral osteomyelitis. Any further signs of neurological deficit signal an advanced case of vertebral osteomyelitis that requires immediate intervention to prevent further threat to the spinal cord. A notable aspect of the disease is found in its ability to start anywhere in the body and spread to other regions through the bloodstream. A number of bacterial strains can enter the body in this manner, making the origin of the infection hard to trace; thus, for many patients with the infection, this characteristic can delay an accurate diagnosis and prolong
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Red Apollo


Red Apollo (also known as APT 10 (by Fireeye) , MenuPass, Stone Panda (by Crowdstrike), POTASSIUM,) is a Chinese cyberespionage Group. A 2018 Indictment by the Federal Bureau of Investigation claimed that they were a State-sponsored group linked to the Tianjin Field Office of the Ministry of State Security, operating since 2006. The team was designated by Fireeye as an Advanced Persistent Threat. Fireeye states that they target aerospace, engineering, and telecom firms and any government that they believe is a rival of
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NetTraveler


NetTraveler or TravNet is spyware that dates from 2004 and that has been actively used at least until 2016, infecting hundreds of often high profile servers in dozens of countries. The name of this malware is based on the fact that early versions of it contained the string "NetTraveler is Running!". It is used by attackers for advanced persistent threats to survey their victims. It can transfer large amounts of private information from systems of victims to C&C servers, functioning as a trojan horse and backdoor to these systems. Spear-
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Mass surveillance


China. In February, Twitter disclosed that the accounts of some 250,000 subscribers had been the victims of attacks from China similar to those carried out on the "New York Times". Mandiant, the company engaged by the NYT to secure its network, identified the source of the attacks as a group of hackers it called Advanced Persistent Threat 1, a unit of the People's Liberation Army operating from a 12-story building in the suburbs of Shanghai that had hundreds, possibly thousands, of staff and the direct support of the Chinese
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Bomber


radar). Also, it has been chosen to be able to stand against rising superpowers and other countries with semi-advanced military capability. Finally, a third reason is the role of long-term air support for areas with a low threat level (Iraq, Afghanistan), the latter referred to as close air support for the global war on terror (CAS for GWOT). The B-21 would thus be able to stay for extended periods on a same location (called persistence). Occasionally, military aircraft have been
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Screened subnet


are accessible from or have access to both the internal and external networks. The purpose of a screened subnet or DMZ is to establish a network with heightened security that is situated between an external and presumed hostile network, such as the Internet or an extranet, and an internal network. A screened subnet is an essential concept for e-commerce or any entity that has a presence in the World Wide Web or is using electronic payment systems or other network services because of the prevalence of hackers, advanced persistent threats, computer worms
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Seculert


Seculert is a cloud-based cyber security technology company based in Israel. The company’s technology is designed to detect breaches and Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), attacking networks. Seculert’s business is based on malware research and the ability to uncover malware that has gone undetected by other traditional measures. In 2012, the company was named one of the hottest new security start-ups by The New York Times, and a finalist in the SC Magazine awards for Rookie Security Company of the Year. Seculert was founded in 2010
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Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants


17 May 2004 with ratification by an initial 128 parties and 151 signatories. Co-signatories agree to outlaw nine of the dirty dozen chemicals, limit the use of DDT to malaria control, and curtail inadvertent production of dioxins and furans. Parties to the convention have agreed to a process by which persistent toxic compounds can be reviewed and added to the convention, if they meet certain criteria for persistence and transboundary threat. The first set of new chemicals to be added to the Convention were agreed at a conference in Geneva on 8
19544613
Greg Hoglund


to an email leak in 2011, Hoglund is well known to have worked for the U.S. Government and Intelligence Community in the development of rootkits and exploit material. It was also shown that he and his team at HBGary had performed a great deal of research on Chinese Government hackers commonly known as APT (Advanced persistent threat). For a time, his company HBGary was the target of a great deal of media coverage and controversy following the 2011 email leak (see below, Controversy and email leak). HBGary was later acquired
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Greg Hoglund


the hacking group LulzSec. At this time, the identities of the hackers behind LulzSec were not known. In an interview after the attack, Hoglund characterized the group as criminal hackers and revealed that he had recently refocused HBGary's attribution team, previously used to hunt down Chinese APT (Advanced persistent threat), to instead discover the identities of the Lulzsec hackers. Less than six months later, the leader of LulzSec, Hector Xavier Monsegur (aka Sabu), had been secretly arrested by the FBI and turned into an informant
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Turla (malware)


Turla or Uroboros is a Trojan package that is suspected by computer security researchers and Western intelligence officers to be the product of a Russian government agency of the same name. Turla has been targeting governments and militaries since at least 2008. In December 2014 there was evidence of it targeting the Linux operating system. The advanced persistent threat hacking group has also been named Turla. Dan Goodin in "Ars Technica" described Turla as "Russian spies". Turla has since been given other names such as Snake, Krypton, and Venomous
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Sasanian Empire


the Hephthalites advanced forward to the city of Herat, throwing the empire into chaos. Eventually a noble Iranian named Karen from the old family of Sukhra restored some degree of order. He put Balash, one of Peroz I's brothers, on the throne. The Hunnic threat persisted until the reign of Khosrau I. Balash (484–488) was a mild and generous monarch, who made concessions to the Christians; however, he took no action against the empire's enemies, particularly the White Huns. After a reign of four years
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Pygmy spotted skunk


is to flee. When cornered, it becomes aggressive, bristling and raising its tail to appear larger. Can stand on its front legs and advance in that position against their attacker. If the threat persists, it returns to standing on four legs and folds back on itself in a U shape, pointing its tail at its enemy. That is when it sprays its odorous excretion. The IUCN Red List species is classified as a vulnerable species due to the progressive reduction of its population, up to 30% over three generations
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Cozy Bear


Cozy Bear, classified as advanced persistent threat APT29, is a Russian hacker group believed to be associated with Russian intelligence. The Dutch AIVD deduced from security camera footage that it is led by the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR). Cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike also previously suggested that it may be associated with either the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) or SVR. The group was given other nicknames by other cybersecurity firms, including Office Monkeys, CozyCar, The Dukes (by Volexity), and CozyDuke (by F-Secure
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Unisys


, 2015, Unisys and AppZero were collaborating with Microsoft to support public sector and commercial customers globally in migrating applications to modern Microsoft platforms. In 2014, CRN ranked Unisys Stealth on its list of "Top 10 products for combatting advanced persistent threat". and ranked the Unisys Forward! platform among the "Top 10 coolest servers of 2014 (So Far)". The company claims that the solution is designed to diminish the risks of virtualizing mission-critical applications while uniting the cost efficiency and flexibility of virtualization with the reliable
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Supply chain attack


drilling a hole in the roof and loading $80 million worth of prescription drugs into a truck, they could also have been said to carry out a supply chain attack. However, this article will discuss cyber attacks on physical supply networks that rely on technology; hence, a supply chain attack is a method used by cyber-criminals. Generally, supply chain attacks on information systems begin with an advanced persistent threat that determines a member of the supply network with the weakest cyber security in order to affect the target organization.
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Fancy Bear


. The name was due to the group's use of "two or more connected tools/tactics to attack a specific target similar to the chess strategy," known as pawn storm. Network security firm FireEye released a detailed report on Fancy Bear in October 2014. The report designated the group as "Advanced Persistent Threat 28" (APT28) and described how the hacking group used zero-day exploits of the Microsoft Windows operating system and Adobe Flash. The report found operational details indicating that the source is a "government
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Cyber-HUMINT


national intelligence services, hold the higher ground in terms of experience, technologies, and practices. New form of cyber capability was created when the technical capabilities of computer experts were combined with the intelligence experience of HUMINT experts. CyberHumint is aimed to effectively defend organizations against APT (Advanced Persistent Threat) attacks. In the beginning of the 2010s, organizations such as the American NSA and British GCHQ have started to invest significant resources into acquiring technological and intelligence capabilities, to help identify cyber aggressors and assess their abilities and tactical skills.
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Hybrid warfare


tempered traditional conflicts, regional conflicts and threats that leverage the weaknesses of conventional military structure are becoming more frequent. What is also new is the sophistication and lethality of non-state actors. These actors are well armed with technologically advanced weapons that are now available at low prices. Similarly, commercial technologies such as cell phones and digital networks are adapted to the battlefield. Another new element is the ability of non-state actors to persist within the modern system. One of the most often quoted examples of a hybrid war is
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Microsoft


Microsoft flatly denied their participation in the program: During the first six months in 2013, Microsoft had received requests that affected between 15,000 and 15,999 accounts. In December 2013, the company made statement to further emphasize the fact that they take their customers' privacy and data protection very seriously, even saying that "government snooping potentially now constitutes an "advanced persistent threat," alongside sophisticated malware and cyber attacks". The statement also marked the beginning of three-part program to enhance Microsoft's encryption and transparency efforts. On
19316042
GhostNet


GhostNet () is the name given by researchers at the Information Warfare Monitor to a large-scale cyber spying operation discovered in March 2009. The operation is likely associated with an Advanced Persistent Threat. Its command and control infrastructure is based mainly in the People's Republic of China and GhostNet has infiltrated high-value political, economic and media locations in 103 countries. Computer systems belonging to embassies, foreign ministries and other government offices, and the Dalai Lama's Tibetan exile centers in India, London and New York City were
5319035
DarkHotel


DarkHotel (or Darkhotel) is a targeted spear-phishing spyware and malware-spreading campaign that appears to be selectively attacking business hotel visitors through the hotel's in-house WiFi network. It is characterized by Kaspersky Lab as an advanced persistent threat. The attacks are specifically targeted at senior company executives, using forged digital certificates, generated by factoring the underlying weak public keys of real certificates, to convince victims that prompted software downloads are valid. Uploading malicious code to hotel servers, attackers are able to target specific users who
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PLA Unit 61398


PLA Unit 61398 (also known as APT 1, Comment Crew, Comment Panda, GIF89a, and Byzantine Candor )(, Pinyin: 61398 "bùduì") is the Military Unit Cover Designator (MUCD) of a People's Liberation Army advanced persistent threat unit that has been alleged to be a source of Chinese computer hacking attacks. The unit is stationed in Pudong, Shanghai. On 19 May 2014 the US Department of Justice announced that a Federal grand jury had returned an indictment of five 61398 officers on charges of theft
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PLA Unit 61398


), "the Comment group" and "Byzantine Candor", a codename given by US intelligence agencies since 2002. A report by the computer security firm Mandiant stated that PLA Unit 61398 is believed to operate under the 2nd Bureau of the People's Liberation Army General Staff Department (GSD) Third Department (总参三部二局). and that there is evidence that it contains, or is itself, an entity Mandiant calls APT1, part of the advanced persistent threat that has attacked a broad range of corporations and government entities around the
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Altered Schaedler flora


EOS fusiform bacteria. Due to the limited technology of the time, not much was known of the specific bacterial genus and species. These bacteria are persistent and dominant in normal and SPF mice GI tract. Confirmation of the correct microbiota presence was limited to looking at the cell Morphology (biology), biochemical traits and growth characteristics With the recent advancement in biotechnology, researchers were able to determine the precise genus and species of the ASF bacteria using sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. The strains identified are different from the presumptive identities.
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Evolutionary economics


design and service portfolio diversification. The role of evolutionary forces in the process of economic development over the course of human history has been explored in the past few decades. Oded Galor and Omer Moav advanced the hypothesis that evolutionary forces had a significant role in the transition of the world economy from stagnation to growth, highlighting the persistent effects that historical and prehistorical conditions have had on the evolution of the composition of human characteristics during the development process. Galor and Moav argued that the Malthusian pressure determined the size and the composition of the
2589513
Cyclone Winston


during this time, though remained well away from Fiji. It later degenerated into a remnant low, with some subtropical characteristics, on 24 February as it turned to the west and later northwest. The system persisted for more than a week over the Coral Sea before ultimately moving over Queensland, Australia, and dissipating on 3 March, 26 days after being classified a tropical disturbance. In advance of the storm's arrival in Fiji, numerous shelters were opened, and a nationwide curfew was instituted during the evening of 20 February.
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