the roof which slopes in four direction is called
Framing (construction)


a roof where a short vertical wall connects it to another roof section. Flat roofs, which usually include at least a nominal slope to shed water, are often surrounded by parapet walls with openings (called scuppers) to allow water to drain out. Sloping crickets are built into roofs to direct water away from areas of poor drainage, such as behind a chimney at the bottom of a sloping section. Light-frame buildings are often erected on monolithic concrete-slab foundations that serve both as a floor and as a support
4295513
Minka


laws to preserve strict class distinctions. There are four types of roof shape that can be differentiated for minka. Most "machiya" have gabled roofs, covered in shingles or tiles, and slanting down on either side of the house. The majority of "nōka" have either thatched -style hipped roofs, which slant down on four sides, or the more elaborate roof with multiple gables and a combination of thatched sections and shingled sections. Finally, the also slopes in four directions but is more pyramidal in shape. The primary
11209867
Mansard roof


A mansard or mansard roof (also called a French roof or curb roof) is a four-sided gambrel-style hip roof characterized by two slopes on each of its sides with the lower slope, punctured by dormer windows, at a steeper angle than the upper. The steep roof with windows creates an additional floor of habitable space (a garret), and reduces the overall height of the roof for a given number of habitable stories. The upper slope of the roof may not be visible from street level when viewed
19191176
Mono-pitched roof


A mono-pitched roof, often referred to as a pent roof, shed roof, lean-to roof , and/or skillion roof (in Australia and New Zealand), is a single-sloped roof surface, often not attached to another roof surface. This is in contrast to a dual-pitched roof, also known as a gabled roof, which is pitched in two different directions. A mono-pitched roof can be a smaller addition to an existing roof, where keeping to the same slope (roof pitch)
21692299
Framing (construction)


; hip roofs, for example, slope toward walls on all sides and are joined at hip rafters that span from corners to a ridge. Valleys are formed when two sloping roof sections drain toward each other. Dormers are small areas in which vertical walls interrupt a roof line, and which are topped off by slopes at usually right angles to a main roof section. Gables are formed when a length-wise section of sloping roof ends to form a triangular wall section. Clerestories are formed by an interruption along the slope of
4295512
Chattel house


changed additions would be made. The roofs were often made of corrugated metal made of iron. As the dimensions changed the style of roofs also changed. These earlier styles gave way to the four-sided roof called the 'hip'. or the steep two-sided gable'. Since then many homes have also transitioned to a more 'flat top' roof with a minimal slope. Although the term is strongly associated with Barbados, it is also used as a legal term in other countries including Trinidad (e.g. CHAPTER
9734540
Flat roof


A flat roof is a roof which is almost level in contrast to the many types of sloped roofs. The slope of a roof is properly known as its pitch and flat roofs have up to approximately 10°. Flat roofs are an ancient form mostly used in arid climates and allow the roof space to be used as a living space or a living roof. Flat roofs, or "low-slope" roofs, are also commonly found on commercial buildings throughout the world. The National Roofing Contractors Association defines a low-
15586659
Black Forest house


whilst in the valleys, thatch is most common. The half-hipped roof, with its sides sloping in all directions, reduces the wind loading area and reduces wear. The attic acts as a hayloft and is accessed via a ramp or a footbridge from the rising slope behind the house. The often dormer-shaped entrance is known in Alemannic as a ""Ifahrhüsli"". The hay can easily be thrown down into the stalls below from the hayloft through a so-called hay hatch ("Heuloch",
5932460
Ponding


Ponding is the (typically) unwanted pooling of water, typically on a flat roof or roadway. Ponding water accelerates the deterioration of many materials, including seam adhesives in single-ply roof systems, steel equipment supports, and particularly roofing asphalt. On low-slope asphalt roofs, ponding water allows the oil solvent components of the asphalt to leach out and evaporate, leaving the roof membrane brittle and susceptible to cracking and leaking in the ponding location. Most flat roof systems (properly called "low-slope roof systems"
9792533
Roof


stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems. The primary job of most roofs is to keep out water. The large area of a roof repels a lot of water, which must be directed in some suitable way, so that it does not cause damage or inconvenience. Flat roof of adobe dwellings generally have a very slight slope. In a Middle Eastern country, where the roof may be used for recreation, it is often walled, and drainage holes must be provided to stop water from pooling and seeping through
6597200
Casa Unisan


or "sala", and the bedroom wing was decorated with a sunburst design. The house was surmounted with four-sided, "quatro aguas", tile roofing. An intricate system of rafters, or "quilo", and king posts support the ridge, or "palupo". The ridge bears the dead load of the tile roofing - laid out in Chinese style. In addition to that, there were two types of roof slopes present. These two pairs of roof slopes were built at different angles - providing
16777950
East Asian hip-and-gable roof


In East Asian architecture, the hip-and-gable roof consists of a hip roof that slopes down on all four sides and integrates a gable on two opposing sides. It is usually constructed with two large sloping roof sections in the front and back respectively, while each of the two sides is usually constructed with a smaller roof section. The style is Chinese in origin and has spread across East Asia. The original style and similar styles are found in the traditional architecture of Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Mongolia, Tibet
2266194
Fort Garry Hotel


capital divisions of the skyscraper; flat facades with slightly projecting, four-bay end pavilions; an arcade of large, segmented windows below a prominent cornice; and, the composition of the steeply sloped roofs. Architects Ross and MacFarlane of Montreal modelled their original plans for the hotel after Ottawa's Château Laurier; plans originally called for a 10-storey structure, but two floors were added during construction. Initially, the new hotel was to be called The Selkirk, but was instead named after Upper Fort Garry, which once stood at
18994692
Subtropical climate vegetated roof


any angle of sloped roof if not designed properly. Erosion blankets and green roof soil media stabilization products are used to mitigate the effects of sloped roofs. Flat roofs and low sloped roofs are conventional roof slopes by the building industry in the southeastern United States and allow for successful implementation of SCV roofs. Flat roofs – 1% to 2% slope Low slope-3:12 to 5:12 Medium Slope-6:12 to 9:12 High Slope-10:12 to 12:12 Here are some of the states where humid subtropical climates can be found: The climate in many of these states can
10553415
Hip roof


the roof are called the hip ends, and they are bounded by the hips themselves. The "hips" and hip rafters sit on an external corner of the building and rise to the ridge. Where the building has an internal corner, a valley makes the join between the sloping surfaces. They have the advantage of giving a compact, solid appearance to a structure. The roof pitch (slope) may vary. In modern domestic architecture, hip roofs are commonly seen in bungalows and cottages, and have been integral to
7488991
Basilica of Our Lady of Mercy (Yarumal)


lateral naves lower in height than the central one), then the transept wall at the same height as the central nave. On top of the transept is the dome, and after that the walls continue. This façade has an entry that allows direct access to the rightmost nave. The roof of the church is tiled in clay. The roofs on the central nave and transept are gabled, whereas the lateral naves have roofs with a single slope. At the beginning of the church, which are before or in the beginning
112236
Hip roof


four faces. They are almost always at the same pitch or slope, which makes them symmetrical about the centerlines. Hip roofs often have a consistent level fascia, meaning that a gutter can be fitted all around. Hip roofs often have dormer slanted sides. Hip roofs are more difficult to construct than a gabled roof, requiring more complex systems of rafters or trusses. Hip roofs can be constructed on a wide variety of plan shapes. Each ridge is central over the rectangle of the building below it. The triangular faces of
7488990
Framing (construction)


sloping walls which also serve as a roof is called an A-frame. Roofs are most often covered with shingles made of asphalt, fiberglass and small gravel coating, but a wide range of materials are used. Molten tar is often used to waterproof flatter roofs, but newer materials include rubber and synthetic materials. Steel panels are popular roof coverings in some areas, preferred for their durability. Slate or tile roofs offer more historic coverings for light-frame roofs. Light-frame methods allow easy construction of unique roof designs
4295511
Gable roof


A gable roof is the classic, most commonly occurring roof shape in those parts of the world with cold or temperate climates. It consists of two roof sections sloping in opposite directions and placed such that the highest, horizontal edges meet to form the roof ridge. The design of this type of roof is achieved using rafters, roof trusses or purlins. The pitch of the roof and the height of the gutters can vary greatly. The reason why the gable roof is so common is the simple design of the roof timbers and
8649004
Unjusa


rock base called "Turtle Rock", which is somewhat sloped to one side. The base of the pagoda is placed on the level portion of the rock. There are "X" patterns on the four sides of the body from the second story up to the seventh story. The roof stone represents the touch of the Baekjae Dynasty with a projected hip that is rare in the traditional Korean stone pagoda. This construction trait belongs to the characteristic Baekjae era stone pagoda as seen during the Goryeo era. The height of this
21324900
DB Class 101


beginning of the sloped roof section, which is part of the removable roof sections. They end toward the top in a hollow section, which then takes on the roof sections. The side panels are connected together by two welded wicket/belt made up of steel plate. The roof is made of aluminum and is made up of three separate sections. The fan grills and roof slope area belong to the roof sections, and can be removed as part of the roof, making the entire width of the body available for work
17183040
Butterfly roof


A butterfly roof (sometimes called a V roof) is a form of roof characterised by an inversion of a standard roof form, with two roof surfaces sloping down from opposing edges to a valley near the middle of the roof. It is so called because its shape resembles a butterfly's wings. Butterfly roofs are commonly associated in the USA with 20th century mid-century modern architecture. They were also commonly used in Georgian and Victorian terraced house architecture of British cities, where they are alternatively termed "London" roofs.
10610077
District D


Elm Street, the city's main downtown thoroughfare to the east. The district's historic buildings include two Second Empire worker rowhouses, oriented in an east-west direction facing West Brook and Langdon streets respectively, and a former overseer's house located further up the hill on the south side of West Brook Street. The rowhouses are each three-story brick buildings with mansard roofs, with four units set in a stepped arrangement to compensate for the sloping terrain. The overseer's house is a four-unit two-story
10141603
Scarborough Castle


, with the west wall, interior floors and roof missing, as a result of bombardment in the 17th century. With its sloping plinth to aid defence, flat roof and four turrets, this square four-storey building was over . The walls range from in thickness, the west wall being strongest, and there are several windows, some blocked up along its length. The corners have decorative rounded mouldings. There are the remains of a hearth in the west wall on the first floor, which comprised a single Great Hall
1102113
6–11 Grosvenor Park Road, Chester


on the top floor. Each house has three storeys, the top storey of which consists either of a gabled projection from the roof, or in the case of the right hand house, a dormer. The roofs are steeply sloping and made of red-brown clay tiles. The middle four houses have projecting one- or two-storey canted bays containing windows which are either mullioned, or mullioned and transomed. Large ribbed brick chimneys rise from the roof. The architectural style has a mix of Gothic and vernacular elements. Citations
18704874
Shed


for tool storage, shelves and hooks are often used to maximize the storage space. Gambrel-style roofed sheds (sometimes called baby barns), which resemble a Dutch-style barn, have a high sloping roofline which increases storage space in the "loft" area. Some Gambrel-styles have no loft and offer the advantage of reduced overall height. Another style of small shed is the saltbox-style shed. Many sheds have either a pent or apex roof shape. A pent shed features a single roof section which
19022478
Gokayama


been built some 400 years ago. The "gassho" roof has a slope of about 60 degrees forming a nearly equilateral triangle. This steep pitch allows snow to slide off the roof easily. The enormous roof is supported by stout oak beams called "chonabari", which are curved at the base. The roofs are rethatched every 15 to 20 years. Nowadays this is done by Gokayama Forest Owners' Cooperative. Fumihito, Prince Akishino stayed at an Ainokura inn two times. The first time was when he was a second
22052077
50 Glebe Place


four storeys with windows at each level and a weather vane at the top of a pitched roof. The building is notable for the six statues on its mansard roof, each different, four across the ridge and two others either side of the base of the roof slope, as well as the terracotta figure of a seated girl atop a pillar next to the entrance. The roof is tiled with a multi-coloured pattern of chevrons. There is extensive use of metalwork in front of the windows and for drainage, and a
11831960
Hip roof


-sloped; at least 35 degrees from horizontal or steeper in slope is preferred. When wind flows over a shallow sloped hip roof, the roof can behave like an airplane wing. Lift is then created on the leeward side. The flatter the roof, the more likely this will happen. A steeper pitched hip roof tends to cause the wind to stall as it goes over the roof, breaking up the effect. If the roof slopes are less than 35 degrees from horizontal, the roof will be subject to uplift.
7488993
Newtown railway station, Sydney


lining is corrugated steel fixed to intermediate exposed purlins and follows the roof slope. The building has simple bargeboards and fascias which have replaced the original vertical timber boards which formed a valance at each end of the awning. The awning roof is continuous from the main roof, and is corrugated steel. The external walls rise from a projecting brick plinth three/four courses high with simple detailing, such as arched brick heads and brick on edge sills, to the doors and window openings. The original timber windows were double hung with
3001667
Ice dam (roof)


An ice dam is an ice build-up on the eaves of sloped roofs of heated buildings that results from melting snow under a snow pack reaching the eave and freezing there. Freezing at the eave impedes the drainage of meltwater, which adds to the ice dam and causes backup of the meltwater, which may cause water leakage into the roof and consequent damage to the building and its contents if the water leaks through the roof. Ice dams occur on heated buildings with sloping roofs in cold climates with deep snow accumulation. Ice
5848935
Slope


a road or a roof either as a description or as a plan. The "steepness", incline, or grade of a line is measured by the absolute value of the slope. A slope with a greater absolute value indicates a steeper line. The "direction" of a line is either increasing, decreasing, horizontal or vertical. The rise of a road between two points is the difference between the altitude of the road at those two points, say "y" and "y", or in other words
10212264
Liggett Hall


a steeply-sloped slate gable roof with a cupola atop it. There are also cupolas atop the slate gable roofs of the four corner pavilions, which are three stories high. The northeast facade has small porticos that provide entry to each section of the building; these porticos have pediments that are supported by Tuscan columns and intersect the gable roofs. The southwest facade has two-story galleries (now partially enclosed). Influenced by the regimental barracks of France that the U.S. Army used in World War I, the barracks was
21696429
Rudge Ulster


when he narrowly lost the Senior TT race due to oil flow problems on the last lap. Originally developed as a racing prototype, the production model was essentially a race replica. Various modifications and improvements were made over the ten years of production. Early models had a 'pent roof' four valve head, with two pairs of valves operating on parallel slopes like a 'pitched roof', which was replaced in 1932 with a radial four valve head and an option of a foot operated gear change. This foot pedal operated
8708037
Hip roof


A hip roof, hip-roof or hipped roof, is a type of roof where all sides slope downwards to the walls, usually with a fairly gentle slope (although a tented roof by definition is a hipped roof with steeply pitched slopes rising to a peak). Thus a hipped roof house has no gables or other vertical sides to the roof. A square hip roof is shaped like a pyramid. Hip roofs on houses could have two triangular sides and two trapezoidal ones. A hip roof on a rectangular plan has
7488989
Roof pitch


, walkability, proportions to the building as a whole (which is sometimes a critical factor in some architectural styles such as a steep pitch in Gothic architecture and a low pitch in Classical architecture), and combinations of pitches form distinctive roof shapes such as a gambrel roof. The basic ranges of pitch are not uniformly defined, but range from "flat", which are not perfectly flat but sloped to drain water up to 1/2:12 to 2:12 ( 1 in 24 to 1 in 6); "low-slope" roofing
20629046
Bessans


the church. It dates from the beginning of fifteenth century. It was set up and decorated between 1503 and 1522. The principal frontage is protected by a hood which shelters external decoration, of the frescos representing the seven theological virtues followed from the dance from the defects connected by a chain drawn by two demons in direction from the hell. The bell-tower of the vault is assembled on the Western pinion and dominates a roof with double slope in roofing stones. This vault possessed a typical coffered ceiling of the Rebirth with
15176710
Passive solar building design


cost-effective solution is both location and system dependent. Skylights admit harsh direct overhead sunlight and glare either horizontally (a flat roof) or pitched at the same angle as the roof slope. In some cases, horizontal skylights are used with reflectors to increase the intensity of solar radiation (and harsh glare), depending on the roof angle of incidence. When the winter sun is low on the horizon, most solar radiation reflects off of roof angled glass ( the angle of incidence is nearly parallel to roof-angled glass
18520393
Mireuksaji Stone Pagoda


which demonstrate entasis, also used in Korean wooden architecture, featuring a narrow top and bottom in contrast to a convex center. On the pillars, "pyeongbang" and "changbang" were installed, which are the components that connect two pillars in wooden architecture. The roof slope is thin and wide, and it is raised up to four corners and raised slightly. From the second floor, the top becomes shallow, the expression of each part is simplified, and the roof is also reduced in width than the first floor
17784238
Nishi Hongan-ji


in 1632 for a planned visit of Tokugawa Iemitsu to the temple. It is designated a National Treasure, one of six such a structures to hold this distinction. It is constructed as a four-legged gate with "karahafu" gables of undulating curves on the front and back. It has a roof in the "irimoya" style, a style of hip roof sloping down on all four sides and integrated on two opposing sides with a gable. The roof is covered by bark shingles made from hinoki cypress. It is
4348037
Roof


durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with a slight run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roof. A person that specializes in roof construction is called a roofer. The durability of a roof is a matter of concern because the roof is often the least accessible part of a building for
6597182
Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, Shadrinka


refectory and a bell tower, on the sides of the base - porches. The main part of the building has the form of cube. The four-sloped roof is decorated with five domes. The walls are ornamented with pilasters and deepening vertical stripes. The small upper window openings are shallow arched. The lower ones – with subtle arch outlines. Under the first row of window openings are horizontal deepenings. The belfry is two-tiered, crowned with a tent with eight-slope roof. The second tier is decorated
20917037
Gambrel


A gambrel or gambrel roof is a usually symmetrical two-sided roof with two slopes on each side. (The usual architectural term in eighteenth-century England and North America was "Dutch roof.") The upper slope is positioned at a shallow angle, while the lower slope is steep. This design provides the advantages of a sloped roof while maximizing headroom inside the building's upper level and shortening what would otherwise be a tall roof. The name comes from the Medieval Latin word "gamba", meaning "horse
1465538
William Grigor's House


with a two-storeyed brick and stone wing to the rear. Its steeply pitched corrugated iron roof contains an attic storey with a single dormer window, and it has a timber verandah with a corrugated iron skillion roof overlooking Gloucester St. It is one of a pair of cottages which are semi-detached, and sits on an eastward falling slope. The cottage has a simple rectangular plan with four rooms to the ground floor which run off a central corridor, and two rooms above. A timber and corrugated iron room links the
913172
Château de Louveciennes


in 1923 by the perfumer François Coty from the politician and industrial Louis Loucheur, the house was found to be subject to a grave disorder because of the sinking slope on which it was built. François Coty called upon the architect Charles Mewès (1860–1914) to displace it several meters. This radical solution saved the building from erosion of the slope, which would have entirely destroyed it within the next few years. The move was accompanied by profound transformations: the mansard roof was converted into an attic sheltering five bedrooms, while vast
9823837
Dip slope


A dip slope is a topographic (geomorphic) surface which slopes in the same direction, and often by the same amount, as the true dip or apparent dip of the underlying strata. A dip slope consists of the upper surface of a resistant layer of rock, often called "caprock", that is commonly only slightly lowered and reduced in steepness by erosion. Dip slopes form the backslopes of cuestas, homoclinal ridges, hogbacks, and flatirons. The frontslopes of such ridges consist of either an escarpment, a steep slope
1028126
Mansard roof


roof that slopes away from the ridge in two successive planes). However, the mansard is a curb hip roof, with slopes on all sides of the building, and the gambrel is a curb gable roof, with slopes on only two sides. (The "curb" is a horizontal, heavy timber directly under the intersection of the two roof surfaces.) "French roof" is often used as a synonym for a mansard but is also defined as an American variation of a mansard with the lower pitches nearly vertical
19191179
Kasuga-taisha


" Hall but the lanterns are only lit during the Setsubun Mantoro and Chugen Mantoro festivals. The four main kami each have a shrine devoted to them which are all in the same architectural style. They are characterized by sloping gabled roofs, a rectangular structure, katsuogi (decorative logs), and chigi (forked roof structures). The first hall established is dedicated to Takemikazuchi no mikoto, the second to Futsunushi no mikoto, the third to Amenokoyane no mikoto, and the final hall is attributed to the consort, Himegami.
15520226
Dule Temple


meters tall and has three single-eaves Wudian roofs (, i.e., roofs with four slopes and five ridges). It functions as the front gate on the temple's south side and houses the statues of two guardian kings. The "Chiwen" on both ends of the main ridge are the origin structures made in the Liao dynasty (907-1125). Under the south eaves is a plaque which is said to be the handwriting of the prime minister Yan Song (1480-1567) in the Ming dynasty (
16615879
Dovecote


on the site of Potters Marston Hall. Early purpose-built doocots in Scotland are of a "beehive" shape, circular in plan and tapering up to a domed roof with a circular opening at the top. In the late 16th century, they were superseded by the "lectern" type, rectangular with a mono-pitched roof sloping fairly steeply in a suitable direction. Phantassie Doocot is an unusual example of the beehive type topped with a mono-pitched roof, and Finavon Doocot of the lectern type is the largest
10051427
Geumsansa Temple


. This three story stone pagoda mounted on a two-story stylobate is located near the peak to the north of Simwonam Rock at Simwonam (hermitage). The pagoda maintains the engraved pole pattern on its four edges and at the center of the pagoda's main body. Three flat broad roof stones cover each body stone forming a strong slope along the outer surface of the roof, which gently curves on the edge of the eaves in keeping with the typical of architectural style of the Goryeo period. The location of the pagoda
19901436
Types of Khmer house


the ground, it is called a "Tream". The structure is simpler than other types of houses structure.only having large logs and some simple materials can build the house. Because of its common and beautiful, it's easy to be found in Cambodia especially nowadays . Houses made of leaves can also be acalled as Pteas Kontang and it's easily to repair .. Some kinds of Khmer house have a high roof and some don't have like Rongdorl or Rongderg. . Pteas Khmer houses have two roofs, making a sloping slope
9676040
Casa Vives


In addition, the engineering techniques applied in the design of the roof's drainage speaks well of the craftsman quality at the time. The flat roof slopes slightly towards the western edge, pushing any rainfall into that direction, while, at the same time, at the foot of the parapet, the deck was slightly raised in an arrow shape, dividing the incoming water current and forcing it directly into the drainage holes. The rain fall capture at the roof, according to historic documentation, finds its ways into a well located
18148024
Copper in architecture


. Batten seam roofing consists of copper pans running parallel to the roof slope, separated by wood battens. Battens are covered with copper caps that are loose-locked into adjacent pans to help to secure the roofing. Cleats attached to the battens secure the roofing pans. Transverse seams are required to join ends of preformed pans. Horizontal seam roofs, also called the Bermuda style, consist of copper pans where the long dimension runs horizontally across a roof, attached to horizontal wood nailers. A step is used at each nailer to
21635352
Cremorne, Hamilton


driveway is lined by an avenue of distinctive, mature Queen Palms Arecastrum romanzoffianum. Further down the slope the grounds comprise mostly indigenous vegetation. The house is almost L-shaped in plan, and has a corrugated iron roof which is a complex of hips, gables, ridges and pavilions, with decorative gablets and finials, and three brick chimneys. There are verandahs, with separate roofs, on all four sides. Several of these have been enclosed. The open verandahs all have simple timber balustrading and timber frieze, and ceilings
16345879
Wat Ong Teu Mahawihan


the multiple roofs that descend past the boundaries of the wall at a slope. This aspect is exclusive to Laos. Specifically, there are three or four superimposed roofs, with the two bottom roofs being supported by columns from within the temple. The reason for this intricate design is unknown, but it may be another aspect of protection because multiple roofs could cause confusion among evil spirits. The stone spire decoration with stacked, superimposed, decreasingly sized disks in the center of the keel is definitively a Buddhist element. It is known
12632943
French Renaissance architecture


arches. The top floor did not have a high roof "lucarnes", like most other French Renaissance buildings; it was composed instead of alternating windows and sculptural decoration, beneath a new kind of roof, the called a "comble brisé", which had two different angles of slope. It was crowned with a ridge of ornament. The sculptural decoration on the facade, by Jean Goujon was especially remarkable. On the two lower levels, it was discreet, composed of inlays of polychrome marble and medallions with sculpted garlands
9364281
Cornice


"raking cornice". The trim and rafters at this edge are called "rake-", "verge-", or "barge-board" or "verge-" or "barge-rafter". It is a sloped timber on the outside facing edge of a roof running between the ridge and the eave. On a typical house, any gable will have two rakes, one on each sloped side. The rakes are supported by a series of lookouts (sometimes also called "strong arms") and may be enclosed
4158012
Coupé


-roof car with a sloping rear roofline and one or two rows of seats. However, there is often debate surrounding whether a coupe must have two doors or whether cars with four doors can also be considered coupés. This debate has arisen since the early 2000s, when four-door cars such as the Mazda RX-8 and Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class have been marketed as "four door coupés" or "quad coupés". In the 1940s and 1950s, coupes were distinguished from sedans by their shorter roof area and
21792646
Qincheng Prison


or a farm." Mao had further enhanced this on April 24, 1964 in his reaction to a case by claiming that "People can be reformed, if the correct policy and methods are adopted." This characteristic also applies to most Chinese prisons, and Chinese have called this prison system as: "Special militarized organization, special enterprise, and special school." The original prison include four three-story brick buildings with sloped roof, each is named after celestial stems instead of numbers or alphabets: Jia (甲
10899202
Bellmount, Spring Hill


rear. The apex of the steeply pitched corrugated iron roof is decorated with a timber finial and a single dormer style window projects from the roof towards the street. A skylight has been fitted to the rear slope of the main roof. Half-round guttering, fixed by metal brackets, has been used for the main roof. The external walls of the original house are sheathed in twelve inch chamferboards and most of the original four-paned sash windows remain substantially intact. The extension at the rear of the building is clad
1401034
Roofline


the entablature, directly above the columns. The "guttae" or drip edge was mounted on the fascia in the Doric order, below the triglyph. In steep-slope roofing, a board that is nailed to the ends of a roof rafter; sometimes supports a gutter. In low-slope roofing, the horizontal trim located at the perimeter of a building is usually a border for the low-slope roof system. Soffit (from French soffite, formed as a ceiling; directly from suffictus for suffixus, Latin suffigere
20894879
Bideford, Westward Ho! and Appledore Railway


to shed with an open front) which stood opposite the Company's engine and carriage sheds. It was originally carried across from Bideford L&SWR Station on horse carts and tipped into railway wagons. The locomotive shed was capable of holding four locomotives and held an inspection pit. Steam and smoke was carried away from the inside of the shed by a system of wooden troughs hanging suspended from the roof over the centre of the tracks and leading, sloping upwards, to wooden chimneys. The fumes would otherwise erode the iron roof supports.
14261949
National Tennis Club


tennis balls and weigh about 2 ounces (compared to the lawn tennis ball weighing at 2 ounces). Real tennis also uses long racquets (27 inches) made of wood and use very tight strings to cope with the heavier balls. A real tennis court is enclosed by walls on all four sides, three of which have sloping roofs, known as "penthouses." A game of real tennis has characteristic features such as the various window-like openings below the penthouse roofs that offer players a chance to win the point
2653839
Cornice


the "wide" box cornice type. A narrow box cornice is one in which "the projection of the rafter serves as a nailing surface for the soffit board as well as the fascia trim." This is possible if the slope of the roof is fairly steep and the width of the eave relatively narrow. A wide box cornice, which is common practice on houses with gentle roof slopes and wide eaves, requires the use of lookouts to give it support and to provide a surface to which to securely attach the soffits
4158014
Petite France, Strasbourg


Grande Île. These four channels are spanned by the "Ponts Couverts", an earlier defensive structure of three bridges and four towers that, despite its name, has not been covered since the 18th century. Downstream of the "Ponts Couverts", the four channels flow through an area of largely half-timbered buildings which, together with the narrow lanes and footbridges that connect them, mostly date from the 16th and 17th centuries. The sloping roofs of many of the buildings include open lofts where hides were once dried.
12495812
Roosevelt American Legion Hospital


House was a T-shaped, wood-framed Arts and Crafts building. The building had a distinctive, large, three-story open rotunda with a gable roof placed at the intersection of the T. The wings extending outward from the rotunda were 1-1/2 stories tall with gable roofs. The gable roofs contained four dormers on each slope, and porches extended around the building. The siding was originally cedar, but was covered with aluminum in the 1950s. The large rotunda had massive wooden trusses supporting the roof and banks
10680704
Imperial Crown Style


any of the Western architectural aesthetics consistent with the style. The following are common features found in Imperial Crown Style architecture that are easily identifiable. These include the used in , the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk museum, and Aichi Prefectural Government Office, often with gently sloped roof ridges . Different Japanese styled roofs are also used such as a four or six polygonal tented roof such as seen in the Nogoya City Hall, Kanagawa Prefectural Building, Seoul Metropolitan Library, Judicial Yuan Building, and Manchukuo Council Building. When tented roofs are used they
10756285
EE-3 Jararaca


The Jararaca resembles both the EE-11 Urutu and the EE-9 Cascavel in that it possesses a sharply sloping glacis plate, which recedes into a horizontal hull roof line. Its headlamps are recessed and the driver's hatch protrudes from the hull roof over the glacis plate. The sides of the hull are vertical with an odd symmetrical sloping plane between the hull sides and roof. Turrets and ring mountings for various forms of armament are always located atop the hull and slightly to the right due to the position of the turret ring. A number
9832003
Green-Wood Cemetery


ridge at the top. The roof slopes down toward the perimeter walls of the building, though each of the four sides of the roof is punctuated by dormers with small windows. The corner porches feature stone banisters, and contain four yellow sandstone bas-reliefs sculpted by Moffitt. The west side of the entrance, also a brownstone structure, contains the gatekeeper's residence, a -story structure that is similar in design to the visitor's lounge. Only the center section is stories, while the two pavilions to the west and
4320419
El Tovar Hotel


The roof is covered in shingles. The hotel is of variable height, with a two-story central portion, a north wing three stories tall, and a four-story south wing, the result of sloping land. A basement underlies the complex. The central section is long with a basement and main floor, with an axis running roughly parallel with the canyon rim. The lobby, behind a broad entry veranda, extends to four stories topped with a turret with a pyramidal roof. The guest room wings extend from
5943714
Paston Way


a visit to see the roof inside Knapton Church with its ornate Double hammer beam roof. From Knapton the path heads south east across several open fields towards the village of Edingthorpe. The approach to the village is up a gently sloping farm track towards Edingthorpe Parish church which is called All Saints. The 'way' continues on from All Saints northwest towards the coast and the village of Bacton. A little way along this section a detour can be made at church farm. Take the path north to Paston. Visit the parish
11020267
Passive solar building design


, regulatory agencies usually require sloped glass to be made of safety glass, laminated, or a combination thereof, which reduce solar gain potential. Most of the roof-angled glass on the Crowne Plaza Hotel Orlando Airport sunspace was destroyed in a single windstorm. Roof-angled glass increases construction cost, and can increase insurance premiums. Vertical glass is less susceptible to weather damage than roof-angled glass. It is difficult to control solar heat gain in a sunspace with sloped glazing during the summer and even during the middle of
18520401
Domestic roof construction


they are designed and built with regard to thermal building insulation and ventilation. The steepness or roof pitch of a sloped roof is determined primarily by the roof covering material and aesthetic design. Flat roofs actually slope up to approximately ten degrees to shed water. Flat roofs on houses are primarily found in arid regions. In high wind areas, such as where a cyclone or hurricane may make landfall, the main engineering consideration is to hold the roof down during severe storms. Every component of the roof, as of course the rest
22156211
Kuthiramalika


in the 1840s, Kuthiramalika is an example of traditional Kerala architecture, with its typical sloping roofs, overhanging eaves, pillared verandahs and enclosed courtyards. Intricate carvings adorn the wooden ceilings, with each room having a distinctive pattern. The construction of the palace was completed by 5000 Vishwabrahmins (വിശ്വകർമ്മജർ) in four years. The palace is made from teakwood, rosewood, marble, and granite. The roof of the palace is made of wood and 42 beams support the carved patterns. The roof is supported by granite pillars. Floral
12078591
Church of St. Mary of Blachernae (Istanbul)


the feast of Dormition), after the adoration of the "Mafórion" (holy veil) of the Virgin, the Emperor plunged three times in the sacred pool. The small church which today encloses the Hagiasma has a trapezoidal plan with sloping roof, and is adorned with icons and frescoes. It is oriented in northwest-southeast direction. The holy fountain, which is believed to have healing powers, is always a favourite destination for Orthodox and Muslim pilgrims, who pour in the pool coins and hair pins. The pilgrim
6742201
AdventHealth station


is officially located at 500 Rollins Street, however the platforms extend as far south as East Princeton Street. Of the four SunRail stations in Orlando, AdventHealth is the only station built exclusively from scratch. It is typical of most SunRail stations featuring canopies consisting of white aluminum poles supporting sloped green roofs and includes ticket vending machines, ticket validators, emergency call boxes, drinking fountains, and separate platforms designed for passengers needing wheelchairs, a feature that's quite useful being at a hospital. The Orlando Health/Amtrak station and Church
21050833
Winter Park station


the grand opening of the new station on March 3, 2014, the historic ACL depot was closed and demolished. In addition to Amtrak, Winter Park station serves as a stop on the SunRail commuter rail system. Operations began on May 1, 2014. Unlike most SunRail stations, which feature canopies consisting of white aluminum poles supporting sloped green roofs, Winter Park's canopies have traditional white gabled roofs. It also includes ticket vending machines, ticket validators, emergency call boxes, drinking fountains, separate platforms designed for passengers in
18045511
Sun Temple, Modhera


vedi" which correspond to "jangha" of "mandovara" decorated with large panels of gods, goddesses, and floral designs. The next is cornice called "asinot". It followed by "kakshasana" which slopes outwards and forms the back-rests of the bench, "asana" which runs around the hall. There are erotic figures on it interrupted by rail-patterns. The roof was in shape of the stepped pyramid but it no longer exists. Inside, the walnut-shaped ceiling rises in tiers which
7927186
Khirki Mosque


square structural columns and 60 pilasters, which run in north–south direction and divides into aisles. The open courtyards are the source of light and ventilation to the internal prayer spaces. The roof is partitioned into 25 squares of equal size with 9 small domes in each square (totaling to 81 domes) and alternated by 12 flat roofs to cover the roof. The four courtyards provide light and ventilation. The four corners of the mosque are adorned with towers with three protruding gateways, one in the middle of each face,
21313191
Brockhampton-by-Ross


of the Arts & Crafts pioneer W.R. Lethaby. Straddling a sloping south-facing site, the first impression of All Saints' is that of a traditional English thatched church. In fact, Lethaby's ingenious 'partnership' of a thatched roof sitting on top of un-reinforced cast-concrete roof, pre-dated current thermal insulation thinking by more than a century. The interior's most striking feature is the lofty vaulted roof, formed of four bays of lime-washed shuttered concrete, divided by slender sandstone arches (
13598450
Pikes Point State Park


by March 17, 1934. The park was put under the jurisdiction of Gull Point State Park in 1936. The picnic shelter is located at the base of a slope to the lake. The Rustic style structure features a back wall and stepped end walls composed of random rubble stone. On the center of the back wall is a fireplace flanked by two stone benches. Four round timber posts with bracing hold up the timber roof supports and shed roof. The roof extends as a overhang in the back. Another fireplace is located
20369765
Buresh Farm


The Buresh Farm is located west of Solon, Iowa, United States, along the north shore of Lake McBride. Its historic designation includes five frame structures, the farmhouse and four agricultural buildings. All except one of the buildings is thought to have been built around 1894. The house features a gable roof and wide eaves. It has a root cellar beneath it. The barn, granary and wash house all feature board-and-batten construction. The barn has a wide gable roof that slopes to a shed roof on
5480737
Maizefield


The portico covers only the single center bay. Its roof is supported by four smooth square wooden columns, two freestanding in front and two engaged with the main block at the rear. All have molded capitals and plinths. A single electric light is affixed to the center of the ceiling. The overhanging eave and brackets of the main block's roof line continue around the portico. A slightly sloping section of roof above it on the front forms the bottom of a recessed pediment with plain entablature in the gable. Both sides feature
6309256
Maaßener Gaipel


number 107 in the Harzer Wandernadel hiking system. A 1918 postcard shows the original headframe building. The headframe was a simple, two-storey, wooden building with a shallow gable roof. From the roof projected a low, steel hoisting frame with a timber-framed cover above the sheaves, which redirected the hoisting cable from the reversible water wheel into the sloping shaft. In the face of the gable wall were openings for feeding the flatrods of the water wheel which ran down the slope. The mine railway emerged from the
1256988
Philip Nice House


Nices lived here until 1883, when the house was purchased by Elisha and Betsy Bennett, who owned a business block in downtown Mason. The Philip Nice House is a brick Upright and Wing house with a two-story upright and a single-story wing. It has gently sloping roofs with wide frieze boards. The windows are four-over-four units topped with brick voussoir segmental arches and flanked with shutters. The side wing has an entryway through an early twentieth-century porch with a pedimented roof supported by round
21910514
Dr. Samuel Marshall Orr House


The Dr. Samuel Marshall Orr House, is located in Anderson, South Carolina. The house was built in 1885 and offers a number of impressive architectural features. The two-story Greek Revival style house features a front façade of four columns that support a broad, plain entablature with low-sloped, boxed cornice pediment. The cornices of the hipped tin-covered roof, pediments, and shed roofs of side porches are adorned with modillions. The main entrance consists of double doors surrounded by a three-light transom, four
8414662
Batten


fixing point for roofing materials such as shingles or tiles. The spacing of the battens on the trusses or rafters depend on the type of roofing material and are applied horizontally like purlins. Battens are also used in metal roofing to secure the sheets called a "batten-seam roof" and are covered with a "batten roll joint". Some roofs may use a grid of battens in both directions, known as a "counter-batten system", which improves ventilation. "Wall battens" like roofing battens are used
10590874
Highland Cottage


the streets between those buildings, both of which are contributing properties to the district, and the cottage. To the west are other houses; an apartment building is to the south. The lot slopes to the west, in the direction of the Hudson River. The house itself is a two-story, three-bay structure of 18-inch–thick () load-bearing precast concrete blocks faced in stucco. It is topped by a steep polychromatic hipped roof shingled in a fish-scale pattern. The northern bay of
18354065
Kaaba


hatch, which itself opens to the roof. Both the roof and ceiling (collectively dual-layered) are made of stainless steel-capped teak wood. Each numbered item in the following list corresponds to features noted in the diagram image. The "Kaaba" is the holiest site in Islam, and is often called by names such as "the House of God". The "Qibla" is the direction faced during prayer. It is the focal point for prayer. The direction faced during prayer is the direction of
12247266
Orange railway station, New South Wales


is late Victorian and includes the following features: gabled front end and octagonal bay with pitched slate roof; main roof of hipped and gable form; four panel glazed entrance door; glazed French verandah doors; sloping iron verandah roof supported on square stop chamfered timber posts, and fine moulded rendered chimneys. Railway institute building, Federation style weatherboard house with pitched corrugated iron roof and brick chimney. The verandah extends over the front porch only supported by timber posts and brick columns. The Administration Building is a symmetrical three storey polychromatic,
1978028
Hip roof


hip roof, with two different roof angles, the lower one much steeper than the upper. A "tented roof" is a type of polygonal hipped roof with steeply pitched slopes rising to a peak or intersection. Another variation is the "gablet" (UK terminology) or "Dutch gable" roof (U.S. and Australasian terminology), which has a hip with a small gable (the "gablet") above it. This type simplifies the construction of the roof; no girder trusses are required, but it still
7488995
Framing (construction)


. In natural building, straw bales, cob and adobe may be used for both exterior and interior walls. The part of a structural building that goes diagonally across a wall is called a T-bar. It stops the walls from collapsing in gusty winds. Roofs are usually built to provide a sloping surface intended to shed rain or snow, with slopes ranging from 1:15 (less than an inch per linear foot of horizontal span), to steep slopes of more than 2:1. A light-frame structure built mostly inside
4295510
Production–possibility frontier


an extensive discussion of various types of efficiency measures (Farrell, Hyperbolic, Directional, Cost, Revenue, Profit, Additive, etc.) and their relationships, see Sickles and Zelenyuk (2019, Chapter 3). The slope of the production–possibility frontier (PPF) at any given point is called the marginal rate of transformation (MRT). The slope defines the rate at which production of one good can be redirected (by reallocation of productive resources) into production of the other. It is also called the
14909814
Villa Park


roof on the Witton Lane Stand, the only remaining feature of the 1897 Villa Park, was removed in the summer of 1963 and replaced with a plain sloping roof in the same style as the Holte End. Villa Park was chosen by FIFA to host three matches for the 1966 World Cup on the condition that the Witton Lane Stand became all-seater. The players' tunnel had to be covered with a cage while the pitch was widened by . Regular ground developments and innovations began from 1969 under the direction of the new
1922799
Tented roof


A tented roof is a type of polygonal hipped roof with steeply pitched slopes rising to a peak. Tented roofs, a hallmark of medieval religious architecture, were widely used to cover churches with steep, conical roof structures. In the Queen Anne Victorian style, it took the form of a wooden turret with an octagonal base with steeply pitched slopes rising to a peak, usually topped with a finial. A distinctive local adaptation of this roof style was widely used in 16th- and 17th-century Russian architecture for churches, although there
14569308
Holy Rosary Hospital


the corners and a corbelled top. Darker, red, polychromatic brick adorns the chimney's raised side panels. Two chimneys, similar to the chimney at the north slope, pierce the east slope of the 1910 building's roof. A Mission-style curvilinear parapet rises across the entry bay at attic level on the west (front) elevation, a hipped-roof dormer protrudes from the center of the north slope, and another hipped roof covers the central, protruding bay of the east elevation. The south elevation of the
12004371
Semovente da 75/18


engine was situated behind it, in a separate structure (typical of Italian designs), which was sloped and somewhat smaller, and had inspection panels on the roof. The chassis was identical to that of M13/40 tanks, with eight small wheels in four trolleys which were joined in pairs by two arms. Suspensions were of the leaf spring type, which was reliable but didn't allow for high speeds. The transmission was located in the forward part of the vehicle, and the crew consisted of only three members: driver,
9094987
Smithfield Chambers


of the four bay structure are generally in a state of collapse. The end bays have timber floors supported by timber stumps, the middle bays have timber framed and lined partitions to an earth floor, some roof framing and corrugated iron roof cladding remain. Built on sloping ground with the cubicles stepping down, the eight earth closets are enclosed by three perimeter brick walls with rendered brick exteriors and painted brick interiors. The cubicles are sheltered by a skillion roof clad with corrugated iron and have rectangular fixed timber louvred windows with sills to
4562679
Marrickville railway station


and terracotta flue has been removed. The cantilever awning is on standard double bowed steel brackets supported on decorative cement haunches and bolt fixings to the station building brick walls. The soffit lining of corrugated steel is fixed to intermediate exposed purlins and follows the roof slope. There is a decorative timber moulding at the junction with the brick wall. Vertical timber boards form a valance at each end of awning. The awning roof as for the main roof is corrugated steel. The external walls rise from a projecting brick plinth four courses high
574970