which country has the most time zones france or russia
Outline of Russia


The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Russia. The Russian Federation, commonly known as Russia, is the most extensive country in the world, covering , more than an eighth of the Earth’s land area. Russia is a transcontinental country extending across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe; it spans 11 time zones and incorporates a great range of environments and landforms. With 143 million people, Russia is the ninth most populated country. Russia has the world's largest mineral and
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Timber framing


during various periods such as ancient Japan, continental Europe, and Neolithic Denmark, England, France, Germany, Spain, parts of the Roman Empire, and Scotland. The timber-framing technique has historically been popular in climate zones which favour deciduous hardwood trees, such as oak. Its most northernmost areas are Baltic countries and southern Sweden. Timber framing is rare in Russia, Finland, northern Sweden, and Norway, where tall and straight lumber, such as pine and spruce, is readily available and log houses were favored
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Diomede Islands


a large area in eastern Russia and New Zealand also share the same time zone. New Zealand also has Daylight Saving time in effect during late December, but Russia does not (see time in New Zealand and time in Russia). This became moot in 1995, however, when the International Date Line was moved to the east of Kiribati and that country's easternmost time zone (GMT+14) is now the world's earliest. The Soviet government relocated the indigenous population of Big Diomede Island to mainland Russia, and the island
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Living street


1970s in the Netherlands, which is why the Dutch word for a living street (woonerf) is often used as a synonym. Country-specific living street implementations include: home zone (United Kingdom), residential zone (, Russia), shared zone (Australia/New Zealand), woonerf (Netherlands, Flanders, South Africa, Namibia) and "zone résidentielle" (France). Legislation was introduced in the United Kingdom with the Highway Act 1835 which banned the playing of football and games on the highway.
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Time in Europe


Europe spans seven primary time zones (from to ), excluding summer time offsets (four of them can be seen on the map to the right, with one further-western zone containing the Azores, and two further-eastern zones spanning Georgia, Azerbaijan, eastern territories of European Russia, and the European part of Kazakhstan). Most European countries use summer time and harmonise their summer time adjustments; see Summer time in Europe for details. The time zones actually in use in Europe differ significantly from uniform zoning based purely
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Moscow Time


Moscow Time () is the time zone for the city of Moscow, Russia, and most of western Russia, including Saint Petersburg. It is the second-westernmost of the eleven time zones of Russia. It has been set to permanently on 26 October 2014; before that date it had been set to year-round since 27 March 2011. Moscow Time is used to schedule trains, ships, etc. throughout Russia, but airplane travel is scheduled using local time. Trains are going to follow local time by 1
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Economy of Guinea


foreign exchange. Guinea was part of the franc zone countries that included most of the former French Colonies. After Independence, these countries did not become completely economical free. France decided against monetary autonomy hence they could not use a freely convertible currency. The state intervention of the new governments was characterized by stops of quotas on imports and internal price controls. In the time up to c. 1980, the franc-zone countries had on average a lower inflation and a higher economic growth compared to the Anglophone counterparts, who could use
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Kunming High-tech Industrial Development Zone


a 26% increase over 2003. Incubators, high tech parks and industrial zones inside Kunming High Tech Industrial Development Zone are: As of 2007, Kunming High Tech Industrial Development Zone has hosted 3,165 companies including 1 company with an annual turnover of 10 billion Yuan. Investors come from more than 25 countries and regions such as US, Russia, UK, France, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong and Taiwan. In 2007, Kunming High Tech Industrial Development Zone had a total income of 46.3 billion Yuan and an industrial output of
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Arctic policy of Russia


Grey Zone Agreement, which has been renewed annually since it was signed. On March 12, 1997, Russia ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which allowed countries to make claims to extended continental shelves. In accordance with UNCLOS, Russia submitted a claim to an extended continental shelf beyond its 200-mile (320 km) exclusive economic zone on December 20, 2001, to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS). Russia claimed that two underwater mountain chains -
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Daylight saving time in the Americas


in some of the more southerly countries such as Paraguay and most of Chile. These countries or regions in South America do not use daylight saving time: Since 2009, Argentina has not been observing DST and the entire country has stayed on . San Luis province, which was previously in a different time zone than most of the country and which formerly observed DST, decided in April 2010 not to change its clocks back and to stay on all year round. The most recent history of Argentina observing DST dates from 2007 to 2009
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Delhi Republic Day parade


Countries which have been invited multiple times include India's neighbours (Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Mauritius), defence allies (Russia/USSR, France and Britain), trade partners (Brazil) and NAM allies (Nigeria, Indonesia and erstwhile Yugoslavia). France has the distinction of being the guest of honour for the maximum (five) number of times followed by four visits from Bhutan and three visits each from Mauritius and USSR/Russia. In 2015, the US President Barack Obama was the Chief Guest at Republic Day
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Drive time


headway. For all intents and purposes though, morning shows originating west of the Rockies must additionally plan to be mid-morning offerings for the rest of the country and adjust accordingly to be office-appropriate for those stations which take the shows in the east. National satellite networks typically air their morning drive programs from 6–11 a.m. Eastern Time, with heavy repetition. A similar situation exists in Russia, which spans nine time zones. This issue is mitigated somewhat in Canada and Mexico, where most drive time programs are local and
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History of Russia (1796–1855)


. He also chartered a Russian-American Company, which eventually led to Russia's acquisition of Alaska. Paul limited landowner's right to serf labour to three days in a week, alleviating the condition of the serfs. As a major European power, Russia could not escape the wars involving revolutionary and Napoleonic France. Paul became an adamant opponent of France, and Russia joined Britain and Austria in a war against France. In 1798–1799 Russian troops under one of the country's most famous generals, Aleksandr Suvorov, performed brilliantly,
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Nordic countries


have a combined area of around 3.5 million square kilometres and their geography is extremely varied. The area is so vast that it covers five time zones. To the east the region borders Russia, and on the west the Canadian coastline can be seen from Greenland on a clear day. Even excluding Greenland and the Norwegian islands of Svalbard and Jan Mayen, the remaining part of the Nordic countries covers around 1.3 million square kilometres. This is about the same area as France, Germany and Italy together. To the south, the
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Moscow Time


August. Times in Russia are often announced throughout the country on radio stations as Moscow Time, which is also registered in telegrams, etc. Descriptions of time zones in Russia are often based on Moscow Time rather than UTC. For example, Yakutsk () is said to be MSK+6 in Russia. Until the October Revolution, the official time in Moscow corresponded to (according to the longitude of the Astronomical Observatory of Moscow State University). In 1919 the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR introduced the system of time
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Time in Spain


time. This would involve switching to GMT and making the time similar to that in Portugal, with which it shares the same longitude. For example, in Vigo (located 35 time minutes west of Greenwich) during summer, it is noon at around 14:40 and sunset is around 22:15 local time, while in Menorca sunset is around 21:20. The IANA time zone database contains 3 zones for Spain. Columns marked with * are from the file zone.tab from the database. Spain has borders with four countries: Portugal, France,
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Theriognathus


Upper Permian, Kotelnich, Kirov region, Russia;, the Changxingian Archosaurus assemblage zone, Upper Permian, Vladimir region, Russia. "Theriognathus" was also found in the Tapinocephalus assemblage zone, which was an odd find since most specimen in that zone tend to be medium to large in size. Theriognathus was an exception to that norm. Diversification was shown by an increase in richness of eutherocephalian groups in the Cistecephalus and Dicynodon assemblage zones. During this time some of the more specialized genera, including "Theriognathus", split
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France in the long nineteenth century


most populous country in the world (behind China, India, and Russia); between 1866 and 1911, metropolitan France was the third most populous country of Europe, behind Russia and Germany. Unlike other European countries, France did not experience a strong population growth from the middle of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century. The French population in 1789 is estimated at roughly 28 million; by 1850, it was 36 million and in 1880 it was around 39 million. Slow growth was a major political
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Foreign relations of India


has close strategic and military relationship with most of the fellow major powers. Countries considered India's closest include the Russian Federation, Israel, Afghanistan, France, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and the United States. Russia is the largest supplier of military equipment to India, followed by Israel and France. According to some analysts, Israel is set to overtake Russia as India's largest military and strategic partner. The two countries also collaborate extensively in the sphere of counter-terrorism and space technology. India also enjoys strong military relations with
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Russia–Turkey relations


to create de-escalation zones in Syria. On 31 May 2017, Russia lifted most of the sanctions it had imposed on Turkey, which includes lifted restrictions on Turkish companies operating in Russia and ended a ban on employing Turkish workers in the country. It also ended an embargo on a range of Turkish imports. President Putin also restored a bilateral agreement on visa-free movement between the two countries. During Putin′s visit to Ankara at the end of September 2017, the Turkish and Russian presidents said they agreed to closely cooperate
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Time in Spain


II. This was made permanent in 1942 in order to be in line with German occupied Europe. Several western European countries, including France, Belgium, and the Netherlands stayed on German time after the war in addition to Spain. According to the original 24-hour division of the world, the nearest mean solar time zone is Greenwich Mean Time for all of mainland Spain except the westernmost part (about three-quarters of Galicia), which corresponds with the GMT-01:00 time zone. However, all of mainland Spain has used Central European
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Foreign relations of Russia


designed to institutionalize the relations inside the CIS. However, most of these agreements were not fulfilled and the CIS republics began to drift away from Russia, which at that time was attempting to stabilize its broken economy and ties with the West. One of the major issues which had an influence on the foreign relations of Russia in FSU was the remaining large Russian minority populations in many countries of the near abroad. This issue has been dealt with in various ways by each individual country. They have posed a particular problem in countries
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Lorna Arnold


of Berlin. After the Second World War, Allied-occupied Germany was divided into four zones, managed by the British, American, French and Russians. Berlin was also divided into four zones, and Rainbow worked as the UK secretary in the Economic Directorate alongside counterparts from France, America and Russia to co-ordinate administering the districts and supplying food to the population. Britain had very limited resources at the end of the war, but the British Zone was the most populated, most industrialised, and most devastated by Allied
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Medieval demography


of Europe. Estimates of the total population of Europe are speculative, but at the time of Charlemagne it is thought to have been between 25 and 30 million, of which perhaps half were in the Carolingian Empire that covered modern France, the Low Countries, western Germany, Austria, Slovenia, northern Italy and part of northern Spain. Most medieval settlements remained small, with agricultural land and large zones of unpopulated and lawless wilderness in between. In the 10th–13th centuries, agriculture expanded into the wilderness, in what has been termed
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Clinic


teaching hospital in one building. Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine; and in many countries across Asia and Africa. Recent Russian governments have attempted to replace the polyclinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.
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State Border of Ukraine


Russia–Ukraine gas disputes which sprang out onto the international scale. The area of the exclusive economic zone of Ukraine is . On land Ukrainian border with the following countries stretches for . All territory of Ukraine is consistent and does not have any Ukrainian enclaves in other countries. Also, Ukraine has the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone which has a certain degree of restrictions and surrounded by checkpoints for control of access. Among such checkpoints is the controlled checkpoint Dytiatky. The southern border of Ukraine stretches as the external boundary of the Ukrainian territorial waters
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History of the Jews in Russia


Although northeastern Russia had a low Jewish population, countries just to its west had rapidly growing Jewish populations, as waves of anti-Jewish pogroms and expulsions from the countries of Western Europe marked the last centuries of the Middle Ages, a sizable portion of the Jewish populations there moved to the more tolerant countries of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as the Middle East. Expelled en masse from England, France, Spain and most other Western European countries at various times, and persecuted in Germany in the 14th century, many
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UTC+08:00


of Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) was formerly part of this time zone prior to the national reunification on 30 April 1975, making it 1 hour ahead of North Vietnam. After 1975, the whole country came under the North Vietnamese time zone, . "Principal cities: Shanghai, Beijing, Taipei, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Perth, Manila, Makassar, Irkutsk" This section is only partly updated for Russia which had the latest time zone changes in 2016. This concerns areas within 112°30′ E
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History of France


, from 1461 to the Revolution, breaking in 1789: France in the Ancien Régime covered a territory of around . This land supported 13 million people in 1484 and 20 million people in 1700. France had the second largest population in Europe around 1700. Britain had 5 or 6 million, Spain had 8 million, and the Austrian Habsburgs had around 8 million. Russia was the most populated European country at the time. France's lead slowly faded after 1700, as other countries grew faster. The sense of "being French
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Racecadotril


Racecadotril, also known as acetorphan, is an antidiarrheal drug which acts as a peripherally acting enkephalinase inhibitor. Unlike other opioid medications used to treat diarrhea, which reduce intestinal motility, racecadotril has an antisecretory effect—it reduces the secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestine. It is available in France (where it was first introduced in ~1990) and other European countries (including Germany, Italy, the UK, Spain, Russia and the Czech Republic) as well as most of South America and some South East Asian countries
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List of Pyrenean three-thousanders


peaks) or France (26 peaks), or delimit the border between the two countries (45). The two highest major mountains and their subsidiary summits (Aneto and Posets - Zone 7 and 9) are entirely in Spain, together with the Besiberri peaks (zone 10) while Pic Long and surrounding mountains (zone 5) are entirely in France. Most of the other mountains lie on or close to the border. The small country of Andorra is located in the eastern portion of the Pyrenees and is surrounded by
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Geography of Russia


1.212 million; and Samara 1.164 million. This makes Moscow the most populated city in Russia. As of 2017, 74.29 percent of the population is urbanized. Names and locations sacred in Russia Geographers traditionally divide the vast territory of Russia into five natural zones: the tundra zone; the Taiga, or forest, zone; the steppe, or plains, zone; the arid zone; and the mountain zone. Most of Russia consists of two plains (the East European Plain and the West Siberian Plain), two lowlands (
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Weimar Triangle


The "Weimar Triangle" is, loosely, a grouping of Poland, Germany, and France. The group is intended to promote co-operation between the three countries in crisis zones. It exists mostly in the form of summit meetings between the leaders of these three countries, the most recent of which occurred on 7 February 2011. Previous meetings took place in Poznań, Poland (1998), Nancy, France (1999), Hambach, Germany (2001) and Nancy, France (2005). The Weimar Triangle
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France


climate zone, Cfb and Cfc in the Köppen classification. Corsica and a small part of the territory bordering the mediterranean basin lies in the Csa and Csb zones. As the French metropolitan territory is relatively large, the climate is not uniform, giving rise to the following climate nuances: Below are a list of extreme temperatures, both record highs and record lows. France was one of the first countries to create an environment ministry, in 1971. Although it is one of the most industrialised countries in the world, France is
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Geography of Japan


range of climatic zones and ecosystems. Due to Japan's many far-flung outlying islands and long coastline, the country has extensive marine resources. The Exclusive Economic Zone of Japan covers and is the eighth largest in the world. It is more than 11 times the land area of the country. Japan has a population of 126 million in 2019. It is the eleventh most populous country in the world and second most populous island country. 81% of the population lives on Honshu, 10% on Kyushu, 4.2%
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Summer time in Europe


European Summer Time has been used. On 20 September 2011 the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament) voted not to return from Eastern European Summer Time to Eastern European Time. This change would have had the effect of moving Ukraine into the Further-eastern European Time zone along with Belarus and western Russia (which do not observe summer time). However, on 18 October 2011 the Parliament canceled these plans and the country returned to Eastern European Time as scheduled. 295 MPs voted in favour out of 349 registered MPs. Crimea and
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Visa history of Russia


for transition to a visa-free regime with the EU, but that Brussels had taken a negative stance, under pressure from some member countries. Local border traffic zones. Schengen regulations allow for the establishment of local border traffic zones within , and in exceptional cases , from the border. Russia has signed such agreements with Latvia, Poland, and Norway. The agreement between Russia and Poland was suspended indefinitely from 4 July 2016. Latvia. On 6 June 2013, such a local border zone agreement took effect. Residents of
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Sport in Russia


Soviet Union (USSR) competed in the Olympic Games for the first time at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Soviet and later Russian athletes never finished below fourth place in the number of gold and total medals collected at the Summer Olympics in which they competed. Russia has the most medals stripped for doping violations (51), the most of any country, four times the number of the runner-up, and nearly a third of the global total. Russian team has been partially banned from the 2016 Rio Olympics and might be
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Russia


of tracks are electrified, which is the largest number in the world, and additionally there are more than of industrial non-common carrier lines. Railways in Russia, unlike in the most of the world, use broad gauge of , with the exception of on Sakhalin island using narrow gauge of . The most renowned railway in Russia is Trans-Siberian ("Transsib"), spanning a record seven time zones and serving the longest single continuous services in the world, Moscow-Vladivostok (), Moscow–Pyongyang (
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France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009


Patricia Kaas, one of France's most successful musical artists, represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 on 16 May 2009 in Moscow, Russia. The French broadcaster France Télévisions once again used an internal selection as it had in the past to choose the song "Et s'il fallait le faire", which was the first single from Kaas's next album, "Kabaret". France was one of the seven countries to compete in the very first contest in 1956. The country's first win came in 1958, with
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Turkey–United States relations


; the Obama administration was concerned about the potential for pulling the U.S. into a war with Russia. In the first weeks of Trump's presidency Turkey renewed its call for safe zones and proposed a new plan for them, the Trump administration has spoken with several other Sunni Arab States regarding safe zones, and Russia has asked for clarification regarding any Trump administration plan regarding safe zones. Turkey has 3.6 million registered (2011-2018:30 billion on refugee assistance) Syrian refugees —more than any other country— as the war drags on
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Tourism in Russia


. Diverse regions and ethnic cultures of Russia offer many different foods and souvenirs, and show a great variety of traditions, including Russian Maslenitsa, Tatar Sabantuy, or Siberian shamanist rituals. In 2013, Russia was visited by 33 million tourists, making it the ninth-most visited country in the world and the seventh-most visited in Europe. Central European Russia (e.g. Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, etc.) is in the same climate zone as the Baltic states, Belarus, and northern Ukraine
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Exclusive economic zone


A stock can be both transboundary and straddling. Australia's Exclusive Economic Zone was declared on 1 August 1994, and extends from 12 nautical miles to 200 nautical miles (370 km) from the coastline of Australia and its external territories, except where a maritime delimitation agreement exists with another state. To the 12 nautical miles boundary is Australia's territorial waters. Australia has the third largest exclusive economic zone, behind France and the United States, but ahead of Russia, with the total area of 8,148,250 square kilometres, which actually
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Demographics of Russia


for population replacement. Compared to the G7 countries, in 2015, Russian TFR of 1.78 children/ woman was lower than that of France (1.93), the USA (1.84), the UK (1.82). Yet its TFR is higher than in other G7 countries like Canada (1.61), Germany (1.50), Japan (1.46) and Italy (1.35). Compared to other most populous nations, Russia has a lower TFR than Nigeria (5.37), Pakistan (3.42), Indonesia (2.5),
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Treriksrøysa


Treriksrøysa (Three-Country Cairn) is a cairn which marks the tripoint where the borders between Norway, Finland and Russia meet. The site is on a hill called Muotkavaara, in Pasvikdalen, west of the Pasvikelva and 15 km southwest of Nyrud just west of Krokfjellet in Sør-Varanger municipality of Finnmark, Norway. It's the only place where three time zones meet, Central European Time, Eastern European Time and Further-eastern European Time. In Scandinavia there are two three-country border cairns located along the country
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Tansy beetle


other host plants: "Achillea ptarmica" (sneezewort) in France and various plants of the genus "Artemisia" in Russia. Adults and larvae feed on the leaves of their host plants. In continental Europe, "C. graminis" is widespread from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean Sea. It may also be found in central Asia and China. In Russia it may be found in the tundra zone from the Polar Urals to the Kolyma River, and in the nearby countries of Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. It is listed as vulnerable
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Comorian franc


from their central bank funds. The ministers of finance of the franc area (France, the CFA zone and Comoros) meet biannually. The agreement between France and the Comoros is essentially the same as the agreement France has with the CFA Zone. It is a continuation of a relationship of monetary cooperation between the two countries that has existed for more than a century. Until 1994, the Comorian franc was pegged to the French franc at the rate of 50 Comorian francs to 1 French franc. This was changed on January 12
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History of rugby union matches between Argentina and France


France's national rugby union team first played Argentina in 1949 when they undertook a two-test tour of the latter country. France won both matches. Argentina did not manage a win over France until their 16th meeting in 1985, under the captaincy of Hugo Porta. France has been Argentina's most frequent Test match opponent. France played a significant role in the early development of Argentine rugby in which the two countries played each other 13 times between 1949 and 1977. In total, the two countries have met 50 times,
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Zone Interdite (TV program)


Zone interdite is a French newsmagazine that has been broadcast since on M6, the second-most watched TV network in the French-speaking world. Well known for its investigative journalism, the show has long been considered one of the most influential in France and has been awarded the "7 d'or" (France's most prestigious TV award) for "best newsmagazine on TV". It is currently presented by Ophélie Meunier. Zone Interdite (often nicknamed "Zone") is broadcast on M6 once every two weeks on Sunday
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Timeshift channel


transmitted without delay in the Atlantic time zone (UTC−4) and delayed in most of the rest of the country. This results in the effective existence of, for example, +1, +2, +3, and +4 channels of the broadcast networks for viewers in the Atlantic time zone and −4, −3, −2, and −1 channels for Pacific viewers. French programming is transmitted without delay in Montreal's CBMT-DT, Eastern zone and delayed only in Western Canada. In Newfoundland, CBNT-DT, which has its own
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Joint Control Commission


troops, Russia has traditionally provided the most with Moldova second and the smallest contingent provided by Transnistria. As of 2006, however, both Moldova and the PMR participate with slightly more soldiers than Russia: Moldova currently supplies 403 men to the force, the PMR 411 men and Russia up to 385 men. The Joint Control Commission is charged with ensuring observance of the ceasefire and security arrangements and has generally been successful, as the armed conflict has not at any time re-erupted since 1992. The demilitarized buffer zone, known
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Psychédélices Tour


The Psychédélices Tour began in 2008. Alizée promoted her album with the tour which was highly focused in Mexico, being one of the countries where Alizée has experienced most of her success. On 2008, she appeared in one performance in Russia and five in Mexico. The performance in Paris, France on Le Grand Rex was cancelled, making this the only tour by Alizée that had no venues in France. She returned to Mexico in 2009 for one concert for San Marcos Fair, where she appeared as an international guest. The
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Time in Russia


There are eleven time zones in Russia, which currently observe times ranging from to . Daylight saving time is not used in Russia (since March 2011). Since 28 October 2018, the time zones are as follows: Daylight saving time in Russia was originally introduced on 1 July [14 July, ] 1917 by a decree of the Russian Provisional Government. However, it was abandoned by a Decree of the Soviet government six months later. Daylight saving time was re-introduced in the USSR on 1 April 1981, by
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List of special economic zones


Korean FEZs are designated by law to facilitate foreign investment, and thereby to strengthen national competitiveness and seek balanced development among regions by improving the business environment for foreign-invested enterprises and living conditions for foreigners. There are eight Free Economic Zones in South Korea. The first three zones were created in 2003 and three more were created in 2008. Russia currently has 16 federal economic zones and several regional projects. As of March 2010 Russia's federal special economic zones host 207 investors from 18 countries. There are major MNCs among investors
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Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin


chance came when the empress Elizabeth, immediately after her accession (6 December 1741), summoned him back to court and appointed him vice-chancellor. For the next twenty years, during a period of exceptional difficulty, Bestuzhev practically controlled the foreign policy of Russia. At this time, Bestuzhev judged France the natural enemy of Russia. The interests of the two states in Turkey, Poland and Sweden were diametrically opposed, and Bestuzhev considered that Russia needed to fear the intrigues of France in these three countries, all of which
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Aazaan


, France, Germany and India. The climax was shot in Chechnya, Russia. "Azaan" is the first film to be shot in Chechnya after it became an ecological disaster zone, with oil and chemical leaking into the ground and radioactive material left lying about. The shooting was scheduled in these countries for 70 days which included many local cast to add the genuine look to "Aazaan". During the shoot for a torture scene in Marrakech, Morocco, Sachiin went bare-bodied for hours at a stretch at a
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Central Agricultural Zone (Russia)


The Central Agricultural Zone is a traditional region of Russia. Historically it was the centre of agriculture and colonisation in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and was the most densely populated area of the Russian Empire. It was also the poorest. Before the emancipation of serfs, it was home to most of the Russian serf population, and later it was also the centre of the communal system, which contributed to the areas relative poverty compared to the rest of Russia. During the revolutionary years it was the centre of most agrarian violence
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Wildlife of Russia


The wildlife of Russia inhabits terrain that extends across 12 time zones and from the tundra region in the far north to the Caucasus Mountains and prairies in the south, including temperate forests which cover 70% of the country's territory. Russia's forests comprise 22% of the forest in the world as well as 33% of all temperate forest in the world. According to the data furnished in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, as of 1997, there were 266 mammal species and 780 bird species under protection.
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France in the long nineteenth century


brought France most of North-West and Central Africa) — which brought it in direct competition with British interests. With the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, France lost her provinces of Alsace and portions of Lorraine to Germany (see Alsace-Lorraine); these lost provinces would only be regained at the end of World War I. Between 1795 and 1866, metropolitan France (that is, without overseas or colonial possessions) was the second most populous country of Europe, behind Russia, and the fourth
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Treaty of Rarotonga


who have no territory in the Zone. In 1996 France and the United Kingdom signed and ratified the three protocols. The United States signed them the same year but has not ratified them. China signed and ratified protocols 2 and 3 in 1987. Russia has also ratified protocols 2 and 3 with reservations. The treaty's different provisions apply variously to the Zone, to the territories within the Zone, or globally. "South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone" means the area : plus three projections north of the Equator to include the
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List of ambassadors of Russia to France


Russian-French contacts began on August 9, 1717, when Hans Christoph Shleynits, the first Russian ambassador to France, was appointed by Tsar Peter I of Russia and presented his credentials to King Louis XV of France. France responded by sending its first ambassador to Russia, Jacques de Campredon, in September 1721. Since then, relations were fairly constant between the two countries, although they were severed and restored many times. Overall, relations between France and Russia have been very close, and French was even considered the unofficial
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Summer time in Europe


the start and end times and dates for summer time. From 1923 until the Second World War, France and Monaco observed summer time from the last Saturday in March until the first Saturday in October. During the Second World War France also observed summer time. However, after the war the practice was abandoned (since the country changed time zones instituting "de facto" permanent summer time). In 1976, summer time was reimplemented because of the oil crisis. Since is France's "natural" time zone (extreme points
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Freedom of religion in France


to refrain from involvement in the State's policy-making. According to Pew Research Center in 2017, France has a high level of government restrictions on religion. Among the world's 25 most populous nations, France is among the 12 countries with a high level of religious restrictions, according to 2015 data. In Europe, France has the second highest level of religious restrictions, behind only Russia. French language terminology related to religion and freedom of religion differs somewhat from English. In particular, there are several misleading faux amis
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Economic history of France


between 1700 and 1975, which constitutes a 0.9% growth rate per year, a rate which has been outdone almost every year since 1975: By the early Eighties, for instance, wages in France were on or slightly above the EEC average. France, like a number of countries, was affected by the 2008 financial crisis. However, during the worst part of the crisis, between 2008-2010, France fared better than other industrialized countries. For example, the Euro zone’s overall GDP decreased by 4 percent,
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Secondary education in France


In France, secondary education is in two stages: The school year starts in early September and ends in early July. Metropolitan French school holidays are scheduled by the Ministry of Education by dividing the country into three zones (A, B, and C) to prevent overcrowding by family holidaymakers of tourist destinations, such as the Mediterranean coast and ski resorts. Lyon, for example, is in zone A, Marseille is in zone B and Paris and Bordeaux are in zone C. In contrast to the practice in most other education
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Soft power


other country." Overall, France ranked fourth in that study. France's laïcité, secularism, policy has inspired some countries over time. For instance, France was Atatürk's main role model for Westernization as part of the major reform efforts that he spearheaded when he was President of Turkey. France, and in particular Paris, has long been considered one of the most romantic places to be. France was in 2014 the most visited country in the world. The annual soft power rankings by "Monocle" magazine and the
1969943
Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)


be conquered included the most productive. Between Baku on the Caspian Sea and Batum on the Black Sea lay the rich oilfields of Transcaucasia, while bordering Poland and Romania was the abundant 'Granary of Russia', Ukraine, about the size of France, of the most fertile agricultural land on earth. Occupying a 'black earth' zone of seemingly inexhaustible thick humus, it produced 25% of Russia's wheat, and immense crops of rye, barley, oats, sugar beet, potatoes, sunflowers, flax, maize,
18922499
Television in Russia


, and the Federal Unitary Enterprise "Russian TV and Radio Broadcasting Network" serving 14,478 TV transmitters in Russia (90.9% of the total number). TV and radio channels are broadcast through the terrestrial satellite communications complexes owned by the Russian Satellite Communications Company at teleports located in Medvezhy Ozera (), Vladimir and Dubna, which ensure the transmission of channels to all five time zones in Russia via the space vehicles of RTRN. Different alternatives were considered in the process of preparing proposals on shifting the country to digital broadcasting (thematic
10083088
Figure skating


that year's Super Bowl and was the most watched sports television program of all time, to that date. Spectators sometimes throw a variety of items, most commonly stuffed toys and flowers, onto the ice in support of their favorite skaters but officials discourage flowers which are not fully wrapped due to the possibility of debris disrupting or endangering the following skaters. Countries who have produced many successful skaters in recent decades include Russia and the former Soviet Union, the United States, Canada, Japan, China, France, Germany, and
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Day


central meridian. Such "time zones" began to be adopted about the middle of the 19th century when railroads with regularly occurring schedules came into use, with most major countries having adopted them by 1929. As of 2015, throughout the world, 40 such zones are now in use: the central zone, from which all others are defined as offsets, is known as , which uses Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The most common convention starts the civil day at midnight: this is near the time of the lower
8378498
Kirkenes


a result, it is further east than Istanbul, which marks one of the European borders with Asia. The easternmost point of Norway and the municipality is also at a point further east than Saint Petersburg. Unlike the vast majority of Norway, Kirkenes is located east of the neighbouring country of Finland. Because of this, travelling directly west from Kirkenes actually changes the time zone forward instead of backward, as it usually does. Travelling directly east from Kirkenes (into Russia) changes the time zone forward by an hour in summer
11819325
Time in Brazil


% of the Brazilian population live in this time zone, which covers about 60% of the country's land area. The area comprises all six largest cities in Brazil (including Brasília). This time zone is used in the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, and most of Amazonas. Although this time zone covers about 34% of the land area of Brazil (an area larger than Argentina), little more than 5% of the country's population live there (about 11
2263456
Uzbekistan


has 14 wineries, the oldest and most famous being the Khovrenko Winery in Samarkand (established in 1927). The Samarkand Winery produces a range of dessert wines from local grape varieties: Gulyakandoz, Shirin, Aleatiko, and Kabernet likernoe (literally Cabernet dessert wine in Russian). Uzbek wines have received international awards and are exported to Russia and other countries. Uzbekistan is home to former racing cyclist Djamolidine Abdoujaparov. Abdoujaparov has won the green jersey points contest in the Tour de France three times. Abdoujaparov was a specialist at winning
13293635
Time zone


Burma, Sri Lanka, the Marquesas, as well as parts of Australia use half-hour deviations from standard time, and some nations, such as Nepal, and some provinces, such as the Chatham Islands of New Zealand, use quarter-hour deviations. Some countries, such as China and India, use a single time zone even though the extent of their territory far exceeds 15° of longitude. Russia is traditionally divided into 11 time zones, but in 2011 the number was reduced to nine. Then-President
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Height above ground level


Russia, and a few other countries). Most countries (Far East, North and South America, all of Europe, Africa, Australia) use the airport's AMSL (above mean sea level) elevation as a reference. During approaches to landing, there are several other references that are used, including AFE (above field elevation) which is height referencing the highest point on the airfield, TDZE (touchdown zone elevation) or TH (threshold height) which both refer to the elevation of the landing end of the
11232784
Geography of Russia


depicted as the typical Russian landscape. It is a broad band of treeless, grassy plains, interrupted by mountain ranges, extending from Hungary across Ukraine, southern Russia, and Kazakhstan before ending in Manchuria. Most of the Soviet Union's steppe zone was located in the Ukrainian and Kazakh republics; the much smaller Russian steppe is located mainly between those nations, extending southward between the Black and Caspian Seas before blending into the increasingly desiccated territory of the Republic of Kalmykia. In a country of extremes, the steppe zone provides the
6151544
Liaoning University


forty higher schools and research institutions in fourteen countries, and has since fostered over a hundred thousand full-time students for the country and over 5,000 foreign students as well from forty-two countries including the United States, Japan, Russia, Italy, the United Kingdom, France, the Republic of Korea, and Thailand. The University's library with its 18,500-square-meter building area, equipped with modern advanced facilities, is stocked with over 1.6 million volumes, including over 300 kinds of rare and treasured books, which are
2078388
World War II in the Basque Country


to the exiles from the Spanish Civil War. In 1940 Nazi Germany invaded France. The French army soon succumbed to the Blitzkrieg strategy. The Armistice of 22 June 1940 established a German military administration in occupied France of the French Atlantic, including the French Basque Country up to Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port. A 20-km-wide "zone interdite" along the coast behind the Atlantic wall was restricted to non-resident civilians. The occupied zone ran on the German time zone. The rest of the French
12000151
Escolania de Montserrat


(the distinguished focus of the school). The school choir sings daily in the Basilica, often in front of large groups of pilgrims and visitors from around the world. The midday singing of Salve Regina has become the most attended act of the Sanctuary. They have released numerous albums, and have toured in various countries such as: Hungary, Switzerland, France, Italy, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Russia, where they have performed three times (Moscow 2011 & 2013, and St. Petersburg 2011), United States
10989742
Vyborg


Vyborg (; ; ; ) is a town in, and the administrative center of, Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of the Vyborg Bay, to the northwest of St. Petersburg and south of Russia's border with Finland, where the Saimaa Canal enters the Gulf of Finland. The population of Vyborg has developed as follows: . Located in the boundary zone between the East Slavic/Russian and Finnish worlds, the town has changed hands several times in history, most recently
12246716
1940 Soviet ultimatum to Lithuania


Sea was crucial to the defense of St. Petersburg, Russia's second-largest city and the Baltic states offered a buffer zone between Russia and Germany. Pursuing this strategy, the Soviet Union initiated the Winter War in Finland after that country rejected a similar Moscow-offered mutual assistance treaty. Stalin was unnerved by German successes in Europe, since they had taken Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg by spring of 1940. According to Nikita Khrushchev, after the fall of France in May, Joseph Stalin expressed
18323101
Jacques Sadoul (politician)


the fears of Herriot and Daladier. The German defeat of France caught Sadoul in the "zone libre", which became the pro-Nazi rump state, "Vichy France". Privately, he expressed his affection for the extraterritorial armies of Free France, which, he argued, concentrated "the most clairvoyant and proud among us." His wife had escaped the country, and was in Tahiti, a Free French haven, before moving to California. According to a testimony in court by Angelo Tasca, Sadoul was arrested
14128260
Gerard James Borg


Gerard James Borg is one of Malta's most successful songwriters, authors, and concept creators for the last decades. Borg has penned six of the Maltese entries for the annual Eurovision Song Contest with Philip Vella, and one of his songs gave Malta its first top placing (2nd) in the contest. He has also co-written "Shine" which represented Russia in the 2014 Eurovision Song Contest, besides writing for several national finals in other countries which include France, Norway,The Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, Iceland
1638157
Germany


imperialistic course, leading to friction with neighbouring countries. Most alliances in which Germany had previously been involved were not renewed. This resulted in the creation of a dual alliance with the multinational realm of Austria-Hungary, promoting at least benevolent neutrality if not outright military support. Subsequently, the Triple Alliance of 1882 included Italy, completing a Central European geographic alliance that illustrated German, Austrian and Italian fears of incursions against them by France and/or Russia. Similarly, Britain, France and Russia also concluded alliances that would protect them against
11576834
2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute


, several countries began to report a significant drop in gas supplies from Russia. Throughout the crisis many countries were unprepared and had been left without supplies for days, leading to significant economic and humanitarian consequences; Bulgaria was forced to stop production in some of its important industrial plants, while one country, Slovakia, declared a state of emergency. The most severely affected countries were in Southeastern Europe, most of which rely completely on Russia for gas and at the time didn't have sufficient alternative energy sources. However North-West
16970718
France–Russia relations


[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. Moreover, there were no French protests when Russia failed to obey Sarkozy's deal to withdraw from Georgia and recognizing governments in Georgia's territories. One of the major news has been the sale of [[Mistral class amphibious assault ship]]s to Russia. The deal which was signed at 2010, is the first major arms deal between Russia and the [[Western world]] since [[World War II]]. The deal has been criticized for neglecting the security interests of Poland
11472777
Sphere of influence


. Sometimes portions of a single country can fall into two distinct spheres of influence. In the colonial era the buffer states of Iran and Thailand, lying between the empires of Britain/Russia and Britain/France respectively, were divided between the spheres of influence of the imperial powers. Likewise, after World War II, Germany was divided into four occupation zones, which later consolidated into West Germany and East Germany, the former a member of NATO and the latter a member of the Warsaw Pact. The term is also used
10531326
Zone Interdite (TV program)


that time Carolis - who later become CEO of France Television - was M6's Head of Programming. Starting in December 1995, the show was broadcast every two weeks, instead of once a month. In June 1999, 7.5 million people watched the special show about prostitution, which has been considered as a starting point for France's renewed lawmaking on the issue. In 2000, the show was awarded the "7 d'or" (France's most prestigious TV award) for "best newsmagazine on TV". In 2002,
982337
Eurovision Song Contest


countries have won once. A further 24 countries have participated, but have yet to win. The United Kingdom holds the record for the highest number of runner-up placings, coming in second on no fewer than 15 occasions . Germany, Russia, France, Spain and Ireland have four runner-up entries. Norway holds the record for finishing in last place in the final the most times: eleven. Israel is the only non-European country to win four times. The early years of the contest saw many wins
9904540
Arctic policy of Russia


it the largest arctic country by population. However, in recent years Russia's Arctic population has been declining. The main goals of Russia in its Arctic policy are to utilize its natural resources, protect its ecosystems, use the seas as a transportation system in Russia's interests, and ensure that it remains a zone of peace and cooperation. Russia currently maintains a military presence in the Arctic and has plans to improve it, as well as strengthen the Border Guard/Coast Guard presence there. Using the Arctic for economic gain
1899692
Norway–Russia border


each tall. The red was chosen to symbolize the Flag of the Soviet Union, while the green symbolized the color of the border guards' uniforms. Both poles have the respective country's coat of arms on the side facing the border. While originally made of wood, the border markers are now made of composite materials. Each country has the responsibility for maintenance of its boundary markers and keeping the clear-cut zone. Most of the maintenance is undertaken during the summer. In August each year there is a common inspection
6753680
Russia


long Vistula Spit the boundary with Poland separating the Gdańsk Bay from the Vistula Lagoon and the most southeastern point of the Kuril Islands. The points which are farthest separated in longitude are apart along a geodesic line. These points are: in the west, the same spit on the boundary with Poland, and in the east, the Big Diomede Island. The Russian Federation spans 11 time zones. Most of Russia consists of vast stretches of plains that are predominantly steppe to the south and heavily forested to the north, with tundra
5599908
Œuvre de secours aux enfants


German Vichy France government. However, many children helped by OSE were from the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and German-occupied northern France, who had reached the Vichy zone. OSE was founded in 1912 by doctors in Saint Petersburg, Russia, as "Obshchetsvo Zdravookhraneniya Yevreyiev" ("Organization for the health protection of Jews"; OZE), to help needy members of the Jewish population. Branches were established in other countries. In 1923 the organization relocated to Berlin, under the symbolic presidency of Albert Einstein.
4072443
Shelling of Donetsk, Russia


The Ukrainian National Guard said it was never deployed in the region in which the shelling occurred. The incident increased tensions between Russia and Ukraine, with Russia vowing a "response". Russia said it would be considering "surgical strikes" that target Ukrainian military positions near the border, but there would not be a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Russia has asked military attaches from eighteen countries including the four other permanent members of the UN Security Council – China, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States –
10048575
Fishing industry in Russia


so both are regulated under the same rules. In some areas,tourist fishing is growing. In 1999, recreational and subsistence fishers took 4,300 tonnes, mostly perches and cyprinids. Later estimates are not available. The most significant recreational fishery by value is the Kola Peninsula Atlantic salmon fishery. Russia has three main commercial fisheries: Russia's marine fisheries are based on twelve seas from three oceans which surround Russia, the landlocked Caspian Sea, and the high seas beyond Russia’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The three oceans
21921410
Economy of Russia


is offshore programming. Currently, Russia controls 3% of the offshore software development market and is the third leading country (after India and China) among software exporters. Such growth of software outsourcing in Russia is caused by a number of factors. One of them is the supporting role of the Russian Government. The government has launched a program promoting construction of IT-oriented technology parks (Technoparks)—special zones that have an established infrastructure and enjoy a favorable tax and customs regime, in seven different places around the country: Moscow,
6151843
Cross Country Checkup


. The program is broadcast Sundays live at 4 p.m. Eastern Time Zone across the country, unlike most other Radio One programs, which air at the same local time in each time zone. The recording of the live show is rerun in a condensed format on Monday afternoons at 3 p.m. EST as "Cross Country in an Hour". Close to half-a-million listeners tune in every Sunday afternoon to hear a lively exchange of ideas between callers and invited guests, and a broad cross-section of opinion on the
5524356
Russian culture


. The AK-47 and AK-74 by Mikhail Kalashnikov constitute the most widely used type of assault rifle throughout the world – so much so that more AK-type rifles have been produced than all other assault rifles combined. With these and other weapons Russia for a long time has been among the world's top suppliers of arms. Not only the minorities in Russia but the Russian culture as a whole has in the different regions of the country like in Northwest Russia, Central Russia, Southern Russia, Siberian Russia, Volga Russia, Ural
20535972
Open Innovations (event)


partner country". Finland and France became partner countries in 2013. Representing Russia and partner countries respectively were, Dmitry Medvedev, prime-minister of Russia, Jyrki Katainen, prime-minister of Finland, and Jean-Marc Ayrault, prime-minister of France. The three dignitaries took part in Forum where they met with representatives of innovative entrepreneurship and scientific community, members of "100 innovators" youth program, and participated in the plenary sessions. Before the plenary sessions Dmitry Medvedev has a bilateral meeting with Jyrki Katainen.
7957892
Non-intervention in the Spanish Civil War


was put at £898,000; Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Russia would each pay 16%; the other 20% would be met by the other 22 countries. Zones of patrol were assigned to each of the four nations; an International Board was set up to administer the scheme. The setting up of the scheme took until April. For the Republicans, this seemed like adding insult to injury – the wholesale transfer of arms to the Nationalists would now be policed by the very countries supplying them. Despite accusations
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