where is the southern ocean located on a world map
Waldseemüller map


sea to the west of the notional American west coast is named the "Occeanus Occidentalis," that is, the Western or Atlantic Ocean, and where it merges with the "Oceanus Orientalis" (the Eastern, or Indian Ocean) is hidden by the latitude staff. This appears to indicate uncertainty as to "America's" location, whether it was an island continent in the Atlantic (Western Ocean) or in fact the great peninsula of India Superior shown on earlier maps, such as the 1489 map of the world
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Southern Ocean


Atlantic, and Indian Oceans extending to Antarctica on both its print and online maps. Map publishers using the term Southern Ocean on their maps include Hema Maps and GeoNova. "Southern Ocean" is an obsolete name for the Pacific Ocean or South Pacific, coined by Vasco Núñez de Balboa, the first European to discover it, who approached it from the north. The "South Seas" is a less archaic synonym. A 1745 British Act of Parliament established a prize for discovering a Northwest Passage to "the Western and Southern
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Southern Ocean


within touch of the Antarctic cold, and proved that there was an ocean separating Africa from any Antarctic land that might exist. Ferdinand Magellan, who passed through the Strait of Magellan in 1520, assumed that the islands of Tierra del Fuego to the south were an extension of this unknown southern land. In 1564, Abraham Ortelius published his first map, "Typus Orbis Terrarum", an eight-leaved wall map of the world, on which he identified the "Regio Patalis" with "Locach" as a northward extension
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Jave la Grande


where Schoener located on his 1523 globe, and where the Dieppe maps locate their "Baye Bresille." King concludes that the Dieppe cartographers identified the "Regio Patalis," shown on Oronce Fine's world maps of 1531 and 1534 as a huge peninsula of the southern continent, with either Locach, as did Gerardus Mercator on his 1541 globe, or with Java Major ("Jave la Grande"). He notes that Java Minor was identified with the island of Madura by Antonio Pigafetta, the diarist of Magellan's expedition
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Victor Vescovo


ship the DSSV Pressure Drop and its three ultra-deep-sea robotic landers – below the ocean surface to the base of the Puerto Rico Trench. On February 3, 2019, he became the first person to reach the bottom of the Southern Ocean, in the southern portion of the South Sandwich Trench. As of March 2019, he was continuing to lead the Five Deeps Expedition, whose objective is to thoroughly map and visit the bottom of all five of the world's oceans by the end of September 2019. In
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Southern Ocean


on its maps, although articles on the National Geographic web site have begun to reference the Southern Ocean. A radical shift from past IHO practices (1928–1953) was also seen in the 2002 draft edition when the IHO delineated 'seas' as being subdivisions that lay within the boundaries of 'oceans'. While the IHO are often considered the authority for such conventions, the shift brought them into line with the practices of other publications (e.g. the CIA "World Fact Book") which already adopted the principle that seas are
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Southern Ocean


received their names largely originated from 1962 onward. Leading geographic authorities and atlases do not use these latter three names, including the 2014 10th edition World Atlas from the United States' National Geographic Society and the 2014 12th edition of the British Times Atlas of the World, but Soviet and Russian-issued maps do. The Southern Ocean probably contains large, and possibly giant, oil and gas fields on the continental margin. Placer deposits, accumulation of valuable minerals such as gold, formed by gravity separation during sedimentary processes are also
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Southern Ocean


it for the Scotia Sea, which also extends below the 60th parallel south. The new delineation of seas has also meant that the long-time named seas around Antarctica, excluded from the 1953 edition (the 1953 map did not even extend that far south), are 'automatically' part of the Southern Ocean. In Australia, cartographical authorities define the Southern Ocean as including the entire body of water between Antarctica and the south coasts of Australia and New Zealand, and up to 60°S elsewhere. Coastal maps of
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Dinosaur Cove


The Dinosaur Cove in Victoria, Australia is a fossil-bearing site in the south-east of the continent where the Otway Ranges meet the sea to the west of Cape Otway, adjacent to Great Otway National Park ("map"). The inaccessible ocean-front cliffs include fossil-bearing strata that date back to about 106 million years ago and has provided discoveries important in the research of the natural history of dinosaurs in Australia and the Southern Hemisphere as a whole. During the Early Cretaceous the location was a flood
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Earth Platinum


is a mixture of maps and gigapixel photography. The maps include large orthographic maps of each continent (showing political and physical features), maps of the oceans, (including shipwreck locations) and poles, as well as very detailed regional maps. The book also includes a double-page 6 feet x 9 feet layout of the world's flags. The atlas was printed in Italy and hand-bound in Hong Kong. Among its many spectacular images, "Earth Platinum" contains the world's largest image in a book
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Ptolemy's world map


by Ptolemy. The continents are given as Europe, Asia, and Libya (Africa). The World Ocean is only seen to the west. The map distinguishes two large enclosed seas: the Mediterranean and the Indian ("Indicum Pelagus"). Due to Marinus and Ptolemy's mistaken measure of the circumference of the earth, the former is made to extend much too far in terms of degrees of arc; due to their reliance on Hipparchus, they mistakenly enclose the latter with an eastern and southern shore of unknown lands
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Southern Ocean


length – it comprises the world's longest ocean current, transporting of water – 100 times the flow of all the world's rivers. Several processes operate along the coast of Antarctica to produce, in the Southern Ocean, types of water masses not produced elsewhere in the oceans of the Southern Hemisphere. One of these is the Antarctic Bottom Water, a very cold, highly saline, dense water that forms under sea ice. Associated with the Circumpolar Current is the Antarctic Convergence encircling Antarctica, where cold northward-flowing Antarctic waters
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JOIDES Resolution


drilling expeditions in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean will improve our understanding of how the Antarctic Ice Sheet responds to climatic forcing. These groups of expeditions form virtual missions that make it possible to address science questions that are beyond the scope of an individual expedition. The following map shows where JR expeditions have drilled since the beginning of IODP in 2013 and where upcoming expeditions are planned. The "JOIDES Resolution" has been conducting scientific ocean drilling expeditions since 1985. During the Ocean Drilling Program (1985–2003), the JR conducted 111 expeditions
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Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry


waters of the oceans, and the fluctuation value in the Northwest Atlantic surface water is around 20‰. According to the data examining the southern supersegment of the Pacific Ocean, as the latitude (˚S) decreases from −65˚S to −40˚S, the δD value fluctuates between around −50‰ and −70‰. The isotope composition of seawater (not just the surface water) is mostly in the range of 0-(-10) ‰. The estimates of the δD values for different parts of the oceans across the world are shown on the map. The typical δD values for the
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Geography of Antarctica


The geography of Antarctica is dominated by its south polar location and, thus, by ice. The Antarctic continent, located in the Earth's southern hemisphere, is centered asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle. It is washed by the Southern (or Antarctic) Ocean or, depending on definition, the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. It has an area of more than 14 million km². Some 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, the world's largest
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Gorringe Ridge


The Gorringe Ridge is a seamount in the Atlantic Ocean. It is located about 130 miles (210 km) west of Portugal, between the Azores and the Strait of Gibraltar along the Azores–Gibraltar fault zone. It is about 60 km wide and 180 km long in the northeast direction. In the nineteenth century the United States Coast Survey embarked on an ambitious program to map the seafloors of the world's main oceanways. This produced extensive maps of the more shallow areas, but deep-ocean work was hampered by lack
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Southern Ocean


The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean or the Austral Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. As such, it is regarded as the fourth largest of the five principal oceanic divisions: smaller than the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans but larger than the Arctic Ocean. This oceanic zone is where cold, northward flowing waters from the Antarctic mix with warmer subantarctic waters. By way of his voyages in the 1770s,
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Endless Ocean 2: Adventures of the Deep


the Dragon Flute. Hayako examines the Flute further, and concludes that the Flute contains a map to the Pacifica treasure, but is unsure how to interpret it so it shows a map. After some reflection, the player remembers Anaximander's circular map of the world that was found in Valka Castle, and the group realizes that the map was the real reason Matthieu left a message pointing to Valka Castle. Upon cross-referencing Anaximander's map with the designs on the Dragon Flute, the treasure is revealed to be located in
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Fra Mauro map


. Their location was not certain and the location proposed by Fra Mauro is but one of multiple possibilities: Marco Polo himself located them in the neighborhood of Socotra, and other medieval cartographers offered locations in Southeast Asia, near Singapore or in the Philippines. The islands are generally thought to be mythical. The Indian Ocean is accurately depicted as connected to the Atlantic. Several groups of smaller islands such as the Andamans and the Maldives are shown. Fra Mauro puts the following inscription by the southern tip of Africa, which he names
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A Voyage to the South Sea, and Round the World


". These ships circled the world, trading goods from Europe for goods from various places in the "southern ocean", the Atlantic, Pacific, and other seas circling the southern hemisphere. Once the journey was over, sailor Edward Cooke (not "the" Captain Cooke) wrote up an account, in two volumes, that was printed the next year. In it were updated maps, including of the Amazon River, and "An Account is given of Mr. Alexander Selkirk", about a man who had been
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SCAR Southern Ocean Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey


The SCAR Southern Ocean Continuous Plankton Recorder (SO-CPR) Survey was established in 1991 by the Australian Antarctic Division,of Environment, Water Heritage and the Arts, to map the spatial-temporal patterns of zooplankton and then to use the sensitivity of plankton to environmental change as early warning indicators of the health of the Southern Ocean. It also serves as reference for other Southern Ocean and Antarctic monitoring programs. Several countries collaborate in the survey providing vessels to tow Continuous Plankton Recorders (CPRs) in a near circum-Antarctic
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Dymaxion map


were in effect using prevailing winds to circumnavigate this world island. However, the Dymaxion map can also prove difficult to use. It is, for example, confusing to describe the four cardinal directions and locate geographic coordinates. The awkward shape of the map may be counterintuitive to most people trying to use it. For example, tracing a path from India to Chile may be confusing. Depending on how the map is projected, land masses and oceans are often divided into several pieces. A 1967 Jasper Johns painting, "Map
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Zeno map


these non-existent islands was Frisland, where the Zeno brothers allegedly spent some time. Current scholarship regards the map as being based on existing maps of the 16th century, in particular: "Estotiland" appears on the Zeno map, ostensibly on the western side of the Atlantic Ocean in the location of Labrador. Estotiland is listed along with Eden and Arcadia under the heading 'utopia, paradise, heaven, heaven on earth' in "Roget's International Thesaurus". It is one of the sources for the Russian "
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Cartography of Asia


more detailed portrayals of the Indian Ocean, Arabian Peninsula, and East Africa. European maps of Asia would become much more accurate during the European Age of Discovery, starting in the 15th century. Modern maps of Asia make use of digitization, photographic surveys, and satellite imagery. Babylon in Southwest Asia is at the center of the very earliest world maps, beginning with the Babylonian world map in the 6th century BCE; it is a clay tablet 'localized' world map of Babylon, rivers, encircling ocean, and terrain
11633609
Pseudochromis fuscus


the south-western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean. Its range is from Sri Lanka east to Vanuatu and from Australia north to Hong Kong. A map showing the distribution of this fish can be seen here, with red spots showing the range of this dottyback. As is shown on the map, the southern limit of the distribution stops at about the southern limit of the reefs off the eastern coast of Australia. This is because the brown dottyback is most often found in coral reef habitats. "Pseudochromis fuscus"
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Aethiopian Sea


Aethiopicum". By the 17th century John Seller divided the Atlantic Ocean in two parts by means of the equator. He named the northern portion of the Atlantic "Mar del Nort" and the southern part "Oceanus Æthiopicus" in his "Atlas Maritimus" published in 1672. Edward Wright did not label the North Atlantic at all but called the portion south of the equator the "Aethiopian Sea" in a map that was published posthumously in 1683. John Thornton used the term in "A New Map of the World"
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The Fionavar Tapestry


and prepare it for publication). The map of Fionavar shows the northwestern part of the continent and its western coasts, bordered by an ocean, like most of the Middle-earth maps drawn by Tolkien, especially of Beleriand. Beyond the western sea lies a place where the Lios Alfar (Elves) go when they want to abandon the world, similar to Tolkien's Valinor. The east of the map is bordered by great mountain masses, where the dwarves live around and under the twin peaks of Banir Tal and Banir
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Shirreff Base


Shirreff Base (official name Cape Shirreff Field Station) is a seasonal field station in the Southern Ocean operated by the United States and opened in 1996. It is situated on the east side of Cape Shirreff on Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands off the Antarctic peninsula. It is near the Chilean base called Doctor Guillermo Mann. The base is located at which is 1.58 km southeast of Cape Shirreff and 3.32 km west-northwest of Black Point (detailed Chilean mapping in 2004. Bulgarian mapping in
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Indian Ocean


that followed the reports of the explorers of Ptolemaic Egypt resulted in the best maps of the region until the Portuguese era many centuries later. The main interest in the region for the Ptolemies was not commercial but military; they explored Africa to hunt for war elephants. The Rub' al Khali desert isolates the southern parts of the Arabic Peninsula and the Indian Ocean from the Arabic world. This encouraged the development of maritime trade in the region linking the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf to East Africa and India. The monsoon (
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Bigeye sand tiger


on the floor of the mouth, and on the gill arches. The largest male and female specimens measured long respectively. Though extremely rare, the bigeye sand tiger has been reported from scattered locations around the world, suggesting a wide and possibly disjunct global distribution in tropical and warm-temperate oceanic waters. Most known specimens have come from the Atlantic, where it has been found off Madeira, southern Brazil, Texas, eastern Florida, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The only evidence for its presence in the Indian Ocean
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Swainson Islands


The Swainson Islands are an unpopulated group of five islands and rocks located off the south western coast of Tasmania, Australia. The group of islands are situated close to the southern end of the western coast of Tasmania, where the mouth of Port Davey meets the Southern Ocean. The Swainson Islands are part of the Southwest National Park and the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. The islands that comprise the group are: The island group is part of the Port Davey Islands Important Bird Area, identified by BirdLife International because of its importance
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Oerth


north pole, while an unnamed fourth continent lies in the southern hemisphere. Oerth is thought to have four oceans, including the Solnor Ocean, the Dramidj Ocean that circles Telchuria, the Ocean of Storms south of Oerik, and the Sea of Thunder encompassing Polaria. Oerth also has a number of islands, the largest being Fireland in the northern Solnor, depicted on maps as being roughly half the size of Hepmonaland. Polaria is a chain of mountainous islands covered for at least part of the year by the southern polar ice cap
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Marshall Islands stick chart


a system of mapping ocean swells, which was never before accomplished. They also use different materials from those common in other parts of the world. They are an indication that ancient maps may have looked very different, and encoded different features from the earth, than the maps we use today. The charts, unlike traditional maps, were studied and memorized prior to a voyage and were not consulted during a trip, as compared to traditional navigation techniques where consultation of a map is frequent and points and courses are plotted out both
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Monkland Canal


who shows "Bankhead Siding" at the point where the southern slip road from the A8 road nowadays joins the A752. Other mapping sources do not show a settlement called at this location. Bankhead farm is about away on the east of the North Calder Water (beyond Waukmill). There is a "Braehead" in the appropriate location with several mining and claypit works indicated on the 1898 Ordnance Survey map. The exhaustive mines and minerals website Aditnow does not show a coal pit of either name in this vicinity. The southern
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Japanese maps


gilded and used for largely decorative, as opposed to navigational, purposes and often placed Japan at the center of the world (Many modern maps made in Japan are centered on Japan and the Pacific Ocean, as opposed to the familiar Western world maps that generally center on Europe and the Atlantic Ocean). Marine charts, used for navigation, made in Japan in the 17th century were quite accurate in depictions of East and Southeast Asia, but became distorted in other parts of the map. Development also continued in traditional styles such
8795602
Early world maps


east, Hindustan, Kashmir, Gog and Magog to the south. Conventional symbols are used throughout—blue lines for rivers, red lines for mountain ranges etc. The world is shown as encircled by the ocean. The map is now kept at the Pera Museum in Istanbul. The Moroccan geographer, Muhammad al-Idrisi, incorporated the knowledge of Africa, the Indian Ocean and the Far East gathered by Arab merchants and explorers with the information inherited from the classical geographers to create the most accurate map of the world at the
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Oceanic climate


, Aomori towards Miyako, Iwate, also feature this climate. Île Amsterdam and Île Saint-Paul, both part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, are located in the subtropics and have an oceanic climate (akin to Tristan da Cunha; see above). The subtropical highland variety of the oceanic climate exists in elevated portions of the world that are within either the tropics or subtropics, though it is typically found in mountainous locations in some tropical countries. Despite the latitude, the higher altitudes of these regions mean that
10054103
Kunyu Wanguo Quantu


, and two years later a third in Peking. In 1938, an exhaustive work by Pasquale d'Elia, edited by the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, was published with comments, notes, and translation of the whole map. The maps carry plentiful instructions for use and detailed illustrations of the instruments that went into their production, as well as explanations regarding conceptions of "systems of the terrestrial and celestial world". There is a long preface by Matteo Ricci in the middle of the map, where it depicts the Pacific Ocean. D’Elia
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45×90 points


Australia, southeast of Réunion Island, and southeast of Benguerra Island, Mozambique, and southeast of Mossel Bay, South Africa. The antipode of the southern Indian Ocean location is the (45°N,90°W) location in Wisconsin. In March 2014, the location in the southern Indian Ocean was the subject of an aerial search for the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, after potential debris were spotted by satellite centered on the 45°S, 90°E location. Located in the southern Pacific Ocean, west south west
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Map collection


are held at the British Library in London, the National Library of Scotland (available free online), the National Library of Wales and the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford. Library and Archives Canada in Ottawa has a collection of some two million cartographic items. The world's largest collection of maps is held by the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. It includes around 5.2 million maps. The Osher Map Library located on the University of Southern Maine's Portland Campus has a large collection of maps, atlases, and
21346952
Territorial state


church as a symbol of a defined unified Catholic territory. The English colonies left their maps void of indigenous populations which left the lands mostly marked as empty and unoccupied. New World maps were created for the purpose of finding out where places and people were located in an ever expansive territory. In the Russian conquest and mapping of Siberia, maps were divided into regions where indigenous populations under certain jurisdiction were located to be contacted later. Centuries after their aspirations to map the extent of territorial states, lines or dotted lines on a
20739570
Vahsel Glacier


Vahsel Glacier () is a glacier on the northwestern side of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. It flows west into South West Bay, between Erratic Point and Cape Gazert. Immediately to the north of Vahsel Glacier is Schmidt Glacier, whose terminus is located between Mount Drygalski and North West Cornice. To the south of Vahsel Glacier is Allison Glacier, whose terminus is located south of Cape Gazert, which separates Allison Glacier from Vahsel Glacier. Click here to see a map of Vahsel Glacier and the northwestern coast of Heard
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Fire Emblem Awakening


at the beginning of a new game. After the player is given access to a party of characters, they can travel across a world map both to new locations and revisit old locations. The time of day on the world map is synced to the player's time zone and time of day. New locations can contain main story missions as well as side stories where new characters can be recruited. Previously visited locations have shops where the player can acquire new weapons. They also can contain random enemy skirmishes. Between missions,
13618767
History of cartography


gusty) Mountains, beyond which lived the Hyperboreans—peoples of the far north. Hecatæus depicted the origin of the Nile River at the southern circumference ocean. His view of the Nile seems to have been that it came from the southern circumference ocean. This assumption helped Hecatæus solve the mystery of the annual flooding of the Nile. He believed that the waves of the ocean were a primary cause of this occurrence. It is worth mentioning that a similar map based upon one designed by Hecataeus was intended to aid political decision-
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Borders of the oceans


these are usually considered to be part of the Arctic Ocean. The CIA defines the limits of the Arctic Ocean differently, as depicted in the map comparing its definition to the IHO's definition. The Atlantic Ocean separates the Americas from Europe and Africa. It may be further subdivided by the equator into northern and southern portions. The 3rd edition, currently in force, of the International Hydrographic Organization's (IHO) "Limits of Oceans and Seas" defines the limits of the North Atlantic Ocean (excluding the seas it contains
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Ocean City, Maryland


world, the White Marlin Open, is held. Prize money for the largest White Marlin, Blue Marlin, and Tuna can range over 1 million dollars. Ocean City is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. Ocean City is on the barrier spit called Fenwick Island, which encompasses Ocean City, South Bethany, Delaware, and Fenwick Island, Delaware. Ocean City's southern point is an inlet formed by the 1933
21974972
Iberian cartography, 1400–1600


the original ocean-focus, becoming more popular on maps, two things began to change when it came to Spanish cartography. First of all, space was being considered in a different light, and secondly, the way maps were drawn began to change as well. Many of these changes were happening in result of the exploration of the New World. Where previously maps had been under close guard, availability began to increase. Not only that, but the significance of cartographic depiction followed a similar trend and geographical connotations were no
7598705
Leeuwin Current


The Leeuwin Current is a warm ocean current which flows southwards near the western coast of Australia. It rounds Cape Leeuwin to enter the waters south of Australia where its influence extends as far as Tasmania. The West Australian Current and Southern Australian Countercurrent, which are produced by the West Wind Drift on the southern Indian Ocean and at Tasmania, respectively, flow in the opposite direction, producing one of the most interesting oceanic current systems in the world. Its strength varies through the year; it is weakest during the summer months (
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Dieppe maps


on the eastern side of the "Sinus Magnus" ("Great Gulf"), the actual Gulf of Thailand. The 1507 Waldseemüller map shows "Catigara" in this location. Following the 1519–1521 circumnavigation of the world by the expedition led by Ferdinand Magellan and completed after his death in the Philippines by Sebastian de Juan Sebastián Elcano, Schöner identified the Pacific Ocean with Ptolemy’s "Sinus Magnus", which he labelled on his 1523 globe, [um] (the Great Gulf, Eastern Sea, South Sea”)
701179
Oceanography


of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) which continued until 2002. Geosat seafloor mapping data became available in 1995. In recent years studies advanced particular knowledge on ocean acidification, ocean heat content, ocean currents, the El Niño phenomenon, mapping of methane hydrate deposits, the carbon cycle, coastal erosion, weathering and climate feedbacks in regards to climate change interactions. Study of the oceans is linked to understanding global climate changes, potential global warming and related biosphere concerns. The atmosphere and ocean are linked because of evaporation and
208992
Westerlies


westerlies can be particularly strong, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, where there is less land in the middle latitudes to cause the progression of west to east winds to slow down. In the Southern hemisphere, because of the stormy and cloudy conditions, it is usual to refer to the westerlies as the roaring forties, furious fifties, or shrieking sixties according to the varying degrees of latitude. Due to persistent winds from west to east on the poleward sides of the subtropical ridges located in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, ocean currents
5316297
Pulkovo Observatory


the meridian from the Danube to the Arctic Ocean (until 1851), and in triangulation of Spitsbergen in 1899–1901. Military geodesists and hydrographers used to work at the Observatory as interns. The Pulkovo Meridian, which passes through the center of the main building of the Observatory and is located at 30°19,6‘ east of Greenwich, was the point of departure for all former geographical maps of Russia. In order to observe the southern stars that could not be seen on the observatory's latitude, the scientists organized two affiliated observing
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Aethiopian Sea


Aethiopian, Æthiopian, Æthiopic or Ethiopian Sea or Ocean ( or "Oceanus Æthiopicus"; ) was the name given to the southern half of the Atlantic Ocean in classical geographical works. The name appeared in maps from ancient times up to the turn of the 19th century. The originally Greek term Okeanos Aithiopos, is an old name for what is now called the South Atlantic Ocean. It is separated from the North Atlantic Ocean by a narrow region between Natal, Brazil and Monrovia, Liberia. The term Ethiopian Ocean appeared until
8200844
Matanzas Inlet


Matanzas Inlet is a channel in Florida between two barrier islands and the mainland, connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the south end of the Matanzas River. It is south of St. Augustine, in the southern part of St. Johns County. The inlet is not stabilized by jetties, and thus is subject to shifting. Historic maps made by Spanish military engineers in the 18th century show that the inlet today has moved many hundreds of yards south of its location during the time of the Spanish Empire. In 1740, a British invasion force
15314619
Offshore oil and gas in California


the sea was “... covered with a thick, slimy substance,” and added “... the sea had the appearance of dissolved tar floating on its surface, which covered the ocean in all directions within the limits of our view.” In 1865, oil geologist Charles Jackson wrote: A description of the oil and gas seeps offshore southern California can be found in a report on the California Division of Oil and Gas's website. The report is accompanied by a map, showing the locations of offshore petroleum seeps from Point
15493922
Underwater environment


centre of the geoid is the Challenger Deep, located in the Mariana Trench at a depth of . The underwater environment is hostile to humans in many ways and therefore little explored. It can be mapped by sonar, or more directly explored via manned, remotely operated, or autonomous submersibles. The ocean floors have been surveyed via sonar to at least a coarse resolution; particularly-strategic areas have been mapped in detail, to assist in navigating and detecting submarines, though the resulting maps may be classified. An ocean is a
9660415
Maud Rise


Maud Rise () is an oceanic plateau located in the Southern Ocean. Its name was approved by the Advisory Committee for Undersea Features in June 1987. Maud Rise formed part of the south-eastern African large igneous province (LIP) which developed south of Africa (Ma). This LIP first formed 140-122 Ma east of South Africa where the Mozambique Ridge is now located. There it reached a maximum extent around 120 Ma when the African-Antarctic spreading zone was located below its eastern flank. Astrid Ridge was
9551042
Geniusmatcher


their environment. Flat maps are difficult to understand and to describe the real world. Mally 3D Maps provide the user an immersive experience merging reality with the virtual world. Mally uses the smartphone or tablet built in camera to locate the users where GPS does not work or is not accurate enough. There is no extra hardware required or installations. The system detects the user's exact position and sets it over the 3D Map. The content is published by the platform customers, initially shopping centres. They access a CMS where the
17300096
Hereford Cathedral


a stall in Hereford in 1305. During the troubled times of Cromwell the map was laid beneath the floor of Edmund Audley's Chantry, beside the Lady Chapel, where it remained secreted for some time. In 1855 it was cleaned and repaired at the British Museum. It is one of the most remarkable monuments of its kind in existence, being the largest but one of all the old maps, drawn on a single sheet of vellum. The world is represented as round, surround by the ocean. At the top of
20827539
Marie Tharp


photographic data to locate downed aircraft from World War II. Tharp was employed and continuously promoted from 1952 to 1968, when her position was cut and moved to grant-funded status due to lab politics involving Heezen (she remained in a grant-funded position until Heezen's death in 1977). Later, they began working together to map the topography of the ocean floor. For the first 18 years of their collaboration, Heezen collected bathymetric data aboard the research ship, the "Vema", while Tharp drew maps from
835923
Sidmouth Rock


The Sidmouth Rock is a rock islet or small island, located in the Southern Ocean, off the southern coast of Tasmania, Australia. The island is situated approximately south-east of South East Cape and is contained within the Southwest National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. An erosional remnant of the Tasmanian mainland with a diameter of , the island is estimated to have separated from the Tasmanian mainland at least 15,000 years ago. The Sidmouth Rock is located approximately east of Eddystone, another islet located off the
21945553
United Nations Ocean Conference


, waste management and introducing market-based tools to shift investment, subsidy and production. Nine of the world's biggest fishing companies from Asia, Europe and the US have signed up for The Seafood Business for Ocean Stewardship (SeaBOS) initiative, supported by the Stockholm Resilience Centre, aiming to end unsustainable practices. At the conference Indonesia published its Vessel monitoring system (VMS) publicly revealing the location and activity of its commercial fishing boats on the Global Fishing Watch public mapping platform. Brian Sullivan states that the platform is can
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Locach


on his 1564 world map: "Latinum exemplar habet Boeach sed male ut fere omnium: Nos italico usi fuimus" (A Latin version has Boeach, but mistakenly: like almost everyone we have used the Italian). On Gerard Mercator's 1538 map of the world, "Locat" is situated in Indochina, south of Champa (Ciamba). On Guillaume Le Testu’s 1556 "Cosmographie Universel," Locach appears to be named "La Joncade" – an island off a promontory of the southern continent, "Terre
7274770
Sea


on his voyages of discovery. Subsequently, Gerardus Mercator made a practical map of the world in 1538, his map projection conveniently making rhumb lines straight. By the eighteenth century better maps had been made and part of the objective of James Cook on his voyages was to further map the ocean. Scientific study has continued with the depth recordings of the "Tuscarora", the oceanic research of the Challenger voyages (1872–1876), the work of the Scandinavian seamen Roald Amundsen and Fridtjof Nansen, the Michael Sars expedition in 1910,
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Pieter Goos


as much as 44 leagues on the reduced Goos maps. Goos' famous world map titled "Atlas ofte Water-Weereld" was in two parts, one for each hemisphere. The colourful presentation included the two poles. His maritime maps encompassed not only Europe, Great Britain and Ireland but also the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The "Zee Atlas" covered the English Channel, the Mediterranean and the Arctic Ocean as well as the Indian and Pacific Oceans. He also published regional maps covering the coastal areas of all
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Mini-map


-time strategy and MMORPG video games because they serve as an indication of where the current screen lies within the scope of the game world. Most first person shooter games also have some version or variant of the mini map, often showing enemy locations in real time. Many mini-maps make use of similar features. Common features are: In many games using a mini-map, the mini-map begins completely blank, while the map is automatically drawn as the player discovers new areas of the game world. After
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Ocean heat content


estimated using temperature measurements obtained by a Nansen bottle, an ARGO float, or ocean acoustic tomography. The World Ocean Database Project is the largest database for temperature profiles from all of the world’s oceans. The upper Ocean heat content in most North Atlantic regions is dominated by heat transport convergence (a location where ocean currents meet), without large changes to temperature and salinity relation. Several studies in recent years have found a multi-decadal oscillation increase in OHC of the deep and upper ocean regions and attribute the heat uptake
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Atomic Punk


the player decides which panels to use to complete the round. Another difference is that the linear gameplay of the original, with the player advancing levels after completing each one, was changed to implement a world map with nine locations. My Town is the map location where the panel store is located. The following panels are available from the beginning of the game: The other map locations are those in which the game action takes place. Each area has a set number of rounds that have to be completed to finish the area
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Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition


The Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC) is a global coalition of environmental non-governmental organizations with more than 150 members in 40 countries worldwide. ASOC has worked since 1978 to ensure that the Antarctic Continent, its surrounding islands and the great Southern Ocean survive as the world's last unspoiled wilderness, a global commons for the heritage of future generations. ASOC is supported entirely through donations from individual supporters around the world, dues from its members and grants from foundations. The Secretariat of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (
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Total Annihilation


made of metal, the player has unlimited access to this resource and can afford to build armies and bases more rapidly than on most other worlds. Other maps include the Arm's home planet, a grassy green area of forests, hills, and blue water, a barren desert world with rocks and mesas, a Martian landscape, a sandy planet with beaches and blue oceans, a volcanic world with lava instead of water, an ice planet, and more. Many maps contain lakes or oceans; these are impassable by most
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Bruce P. Luyendyk


Luyendyk was appointed there as Assistant Scientist. He participated in the FAMOUS expeditions (FAMOUS: French-American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study) to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge where, along with Ken Macdonald, he mapped the rift valley with the Marine Physical Lab deep tow. California geology and tectonics — Luyendyk moved to UCSB in 1973, where he began research in southern California tectonics using paleomagnetism. His projects include documenting the ninety degree or greater clockwise rotation of the Transverse Ranges during the Neogene Period of the Cenozoic Era. Drilling
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Terra Australis


with "Lucach regnum" shown somewhat to its south west. Following Mercator, Abraham Ortelius also showed and in these locations on his world map of 1571. In 1596, on a popular map by Jan Huygen van Linschoten, showed and , projecting from the map's southern edge as the northernmost parts of the "Terra Australis" long hypothesized by Europeans. Ironically, an accidental encounter by the Dutch vessel "Eendracht", commanded by Dirk Hartog, with Shark Bay, Western Australia in 1616, appeared to confirm that land
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Coastline of Tamil Nadu


The Coastline of Tamil Nadu is located on the southeast coast of Indian Peninsula, and forms a part of Coromandel Coast of Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean. It is long and is the Third-longest coastline in the country after Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. Chennai, the capital of the state and an important commercial and industrial center in the country is located in the northern part of the coast with Kanniyakumari, forming the southern tip where Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea meet. It also shares maritime border with
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Fenwick Island State Park


remained largely undeveloped because it is a narrow peninsula that is just wide. The constantly shifting dunes have made commercial and residential development difficult. The town of Fenwick Island is located just above the Delaware/Maryland border. Despite several descriptions of Fenwick Island as a barrier island, it is clear from maps that it is not a true island. The border between Maryland and Delaware below Fenwick Island is a land boundary. Ocean City, Maryland occupies the southern tip of the peninsula on which Fenwick Island is situated. Ownership of the
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Harker Glacier


Harker Glacier is a tidewater glacier on South Georgia Island in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Harker glacier was first mapped by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1901-1904), and named De Geer Glacier, after Gerard De Geer (1858-1943), a Swedish geologist who specialized in geomorphology and geochronology. It was remapped in 1912 by David Ferguson, and renamed for Alfred Harker (1859-1939), an English geologist who specialised in petrology and petrography. The valley in which Harker Glacier is located drains from south to
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São Martinho Grande


São Martinho Grande is a settlement in the southern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is part of the municipality Ribeira Grande de Santiago. It is located 4 km east from Cidade Velha and 6.5 km west of Praia city centre. The national road EN1-ST05 (Praia - Cidade Velha) passes north of the village. 1.5 km south of the village is a small bay of the Atlantic Ocean, "Calheta de São Martinho". It was mentioned as "Kalyete de S. Martin" on the 1747 map
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World of Warships


of the “holiday modes” is to test new game mechanics. Battles take place on a limited number of specific maps, each depicting a certain location with different geographical layouts mostly based on locations of historical naval battles. Most part of maps in World of Warships have a static or dynamic weather system to make battles even more diverse. Moreover, some maps are unique for a certain game mode, e.g. PvE scenario battles based on historical events such as the Dunkirk evacuation. Scenarios is a PvE game mode where players cooperate and
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Location hypotheses of Atlantis


1540 and again on the map titled Atlantis Insula by Nicolas Sanson and son (1669) which identified both North and South America as "Atlantis Insula", the eastern part of the Atlantic Ocean as "Oceanus Atlanticus" and the western part of the Atlantic Ocean plus the Pacific Ocean as "Atlanticum Pelagus". This edition was further embellished with features from the Atlantis legend by his son Guillaume Sanson including the names of the ten kings of Atlantis with Atlas' portion being in Mexico. Sanson's map supposedly showed what the
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The Ocean Hunter


at the underwater ruins of an ancient city. Enemies Mid-level Boss Boss Named after the mythological greek hell of Tartarus. On the in-game map, this is the North Atlantic Ocean, somewhere within the area around Bermuda. Charybdis could be encountered within the caves located in the deepest part of this ocean. Enemies Mid-level Bosses Boss Named after the ancient Lake Texcoco. On the in-game map, this is a fictional lake within the Amazon River basin. Ahuizotl could be found anywhere within this lake
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Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping


The Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping (CCOM) / NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center (JHC) was founded in 2000 by Dr. Larry Mayer to find ways to process the massive amounts of data coming from sonar systems at rates commensurate with data collection; that is, to make the data ready for chart production as rapidly as the data could be collected. The center is located in the Chase Ocean Engineering building on the campus of the University of New Hampshire in Durham, New Hampshire, United States. The center works
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Early world maps


Cape Horn, explored secretly by Portuguese navigators before 1507 (when it appeared on the Waldseemüller map) and bent south-eastward simply to fit on the parchment. The map by Pietro Coppo was one of the last world maps to feature the "Dragon's Tail" extending southwards from the far eastern extremity of Asia, the last vestige of Ptolemy's landlocked depiction of the Indian Ocean, nearly 1,500 years earlier. Diogo Ribeiro, a Portuguese cartographer working for Spain, made what is considered the first scientific world map: the
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Subantarctic


The Subantarctic is a region in the southern hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region. This translates roughly to a latitude of between 46° and 60° south of the Equator. The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean, especially those situated north of the Antarctic Convergence. Subantarctic glaciers are, by definition, located on islands within the subantarctic region. All glaciers located on the continent of Antarctica are by definition considered to be Antarctic glaciers. The subantarctic
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Inglehart–Welzel cultural map of the world


major dimensions of cross-cultural variation in the world: The map is not a geographical map but rather a chart in which countries are positioned based on their scores for the two values mapped on the x-axis (survival values versus self-expression values) and the y-axis (traditional values versus secular-rational values). The map shows where societies are located in these two dimensions. Clusters of countries reflect their shared values and not geographical closeness. Traditional values emphasize the importance of religion, parent-child
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Genoese map


The Genoese map is a 1457 world map. The map relied extensively on the account of the traveler to Asia Niccolo da Conti, rather than the usual source of Marco Polo. The author is not known, but is a more modern development than the Fra Mauro world map, with fairly good proportions given to each continents. The map also depicts a three-masted European ship in the Indian Ocean, something which had not occurred yet at the time. A Genoese flag in the upper northwest corner of the map establishes this
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Chennai Central railway station


first in India to be placed on the cyber map. The terminus lies on the southern arm of the diamond junction of Chennai's railway network, where all the lines of the Chennai Suburban Railway meet. The terminus is located about 19 km from Chennai International Airport. The main entrance is located at Park Town at the intersection of the arterial Poonamallee High Road, Pallavan Salai, and Wall Tax Road between the People's Park and the Southern Railways headquarters. The station premises is located on either side of the Buckingham Canal,
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Swainson Island


Swainson Island is an unpopulated island with an adjacent islet, located close to the south-western coast of Tasmania, Australia. Situated near where the mouth of Port Davey meets the Southern Ocean, the island is part of the Swainson Islands Group, and comprises part of the Southwest National Park and the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. The island is part of the Port Davey Islands Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance for breeding seabirds. Recorded breeding seabird and wader species are the little penguin (
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The Coffee Pot (Tasmania)


The Coffee Pot, also known simply as "Coffee Pot", with a shape suggesting a coffee pot, is an unpopulated steep, rocky islet located close to the south-western coast of Tasmania, Australia. Situated some northwest of where the mouth of Port Davey meets the Southern Ocean, the islet is part of the Trumpeter Islets Group, and comprises part of the Southwest National Park and the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. The islet is part of the Port Davey Islands Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International
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West Pyramid


West Pyramid is an unpopulated steep-sided island located close to the south-western coast of Tasmania, Australia. Situated some north of the mouth of Port Davey where it meets the Southern Ocean, the island is part of the Trumpeter Islets Group, and comprises part of the Southwest National Park and the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. The island is part of the Port Davey Islands Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance for breeding seabirds. Recorded breeding seabird and wader species are the short-
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Trumpeter Islets


The Trumpeter Islets comprise a group of two unpopulated islets, with a combined area of about a hectare, located close to the south-western coast of Tasmania, Australia. Situated some where the mouth of Port Davey meets the Southern Ocean, the island is part of the Trumpeter Islets Group, and comprises part of the Southwest National Park and the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site. The islets are part of the Port Davey Islands Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance for breeding seabirds. Recorded breeding
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Jersey Shore


Cape May is at the southern tip of Cape May Peninsula where the Delaware Bay meets the Atlantic Ocean and is one of the country's oldest vacation resort destinations. With a rich history, award-winning beaches, designation as a top birding location, and many Victorian structures, Cape May is a seaside resort drawing visitors from around the world. The Cape May – Lewes Ferry connects the town to Lewes, Delaware. The following is a list of all the towns within the state of New Jersey that have a beach either
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Bird migration


the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate between their northern breeding grounds and the southern ocean. Shorter migrations are common, including altitudinal migrations on mountains such as the Andes and Himalayas. The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and mental maps. In the Pacific,
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South Australia


. In 1863, that part of New South Wales to the north of South Australia was annexed to South Australia, by letters patent, as the "Northern Territory of South Australia", which became shortened to the Northern Territory (6 July 1863). The Northern Territory was handed to the federal government in 1911 and became a separate territory. According to Australian maps, South Australia's south coast is flanked by the Southern Ocean, but official international consensus defines the Southern Ocean as extending north from the pole only to 60
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Weather satellite


radiometers enable a trained analyst to determine cloud heights and types, to calculate land and surface water temperatures, and to locate ocean surface features. Infrared satellite imagery can be used effectively for tropical cyclones with a visible eye pattern, using the Dvorak technique, where the difference between the temperature of the warm eye and the surrounding cold cloud tops can be used to determine its intensity (colder cloud tops generally indicate a more intense storm). Infrared pictures depict ocean eddies or vortices and map currents such as the Gulf Stream which are
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Leonardo's world map


Generally known as Leonardo's world map, it is a map drawn in the "octant projection" in approximately 1514, which has been related with the first uses of the name America. The map shows all the information that Amerigo Vespucci brought from his travels, reported in 1503 and 1505. Additionally, the map shows the Arctic as an ocean and Antarctica as a continent of about the correct size, a cartographic accuracy not replicated for about the following three centuries. The likelihood that the map, found among Leonardo da Vinci
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Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary


The Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary is an area of 50 million square kilometres surrounding the continent of Antarctica where the International Whaling Commission (IWC) has banned all types of commercial whaling. To date, the IWC has designated two such sanctuaries, the other being the Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary. The northern boundary of the sanctuary follows the 40°S parallel of latitude except in the Indian Ocean sector where it joins the southern boundary of the Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary at 55°S, and around South America and into the South Pacific
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World Ocean


of Oceanus. The contemporary concept of the "World Ocean" was coined in the early 20th century by the Russian oceanographer Yuly Shokalsky to refer to the continuous ocean that covers and encircles most of Earth. If viewed from the southern pole of Earth, the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans can be seen as lobes extending northward from the Southern Ocean. Farther north, the Atlantic opens into the Arctic Ocean, which is connected to the Pacific by the Bering Strait, forming a continuous expanse of water. Plate tectonics,
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Atlantic Ocean


the Carpathians in the mid-20th century, often called the "quasi-Sargasso assemblage", finally showed that this assemblage originated in the Carpathian Basin from where it migrated over Sicily to the Central Atlantic where it evolved into modern species of the Sargasso Sea. The location of the spawning ground for European eels remained unknown for decades. In the early 19th century it was discovered that the southern Sargasso Sea is the spawning ground for both the European and American eel and that the former migrate more than and the latter . Ocean currents such
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Gold Coast Seaway


The Gold Coast Seaway or Southport Seaway is the main navigation entrance from the Pacific Ocean into the Gold Coast Broadwater and southern Moreton Bay and is one of Australia’s most significant coastal engineering projects. It is located at the northern end of the Southport Spit where the Nerang River enters the Pacific Ocean. The channel was constructed between 1984 and 1986, primarily to facilitate the safe passage of sea-faring vessels. The passage was previously known as the Southport Bar. The mouth of the Nerang River was once located further south in
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Tropical cyclone


speeds of over is called a hurricane, while it is called a typhoon or a severe cyclonic storm within the Western Pacific or North Indian Oceans. Within the Southern Hemisphere, it is either called a hurricane, tropical cyclone or a severe tropical cyclone, depending on if its located within the South Atlantic, South-West Indian Ocean, Australian region or the South Pacific Ocean. If a tropical cyclone moves from one basin to another, then it is generally classified using that basins terminology. Tropical cyclones that develop around the world
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Krill fishery


related to medical uses. Most of these medical patents had been registered after 1988. Krill fishery in the Southern Ocean targets the largest species of krill existing, the Antarctic krill ("Euphausia superba"), which can grow to about . Fishing began in the early 1960s, when the Soviet Union launched its first experimental operations. All throughout the decade, preparatory activities were carried out, resulting in small catches of a few tens of tonnes per year. Scientists mapped the locations of krill swarms to determine the best fishing grounds
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