the pyrenees mountains represent the border between france and
Andorra–Spain border


The border between Andorra and Spain is in the Pyrenees between northern Spain and southern Andorra. It is long. It is the outer border of the EU, as Andorra is not part of the EU. The Spanish-Andorran border runs 64 km between the south of Andorra and northern Spain (by the autonomous community of Catalonia) in the Pyrenees Mountains. Because both Spain and Andorra are situated in the same watershed, travel is easier (roads are better) than travel between Andorra and France. The most used languages of
7344886
Port de Larrau


Port de Larrau (Puerto de Larrau) (elevation ) is a mountain pass on the France – Spain border in the western Pyrenees between the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France and Navarre, Spain. The climb from the French side was used in the 2007 Tour de France. The true summit of the pass is at and is near the Pic d’Orhi (), the most westerly mountain over 2000m in the Pyrenees. In the Basque language the pass is known as Uthurzehetako Lepoua. The pass is situated south east
5438637
List of Pyrenean three-thousanders


This list contains all of the Pyrenean three-thousanders, namely the 129 mountain summits of  or more above sea level in the Pyrenees, a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain. The Pyrenees separate the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of continental Europe, and extend for about from the Bay of Biscay (Cap Higuer) to the Mediterranean Sea (Cap de Creus). The highest mountain in the Pyrenees is Aneto in Spain at . The summits meeting the 3,000-metre criterion were defined by
1681198
Pyrenees


The Pyrenees (; ; ; ; ; ; ) is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between Spain and France. Reaching a height of altitude at the peak of Aneto, the range separates the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of continental Europe, and extends for about from the Bay of Biscay (Cap Higuer) to the Mediterranean Sea (Cap de Creus). For the most part, the main crest forms a divide between Spain and France, with the microstate of Andorra sandwiched in between. The
4967967
List of Pyrenean three-thousanders


peaks) or France (26 peaks), or delimit the border between the two countries (45). The two highest major mountains and their subsidiary summits (Aneto and Posets - Zone 7 and 9) are entirely in Spain, together with the Besiberri peaks (zone 10) while Pic Long and surrounding mountains (zone 5) are entirely in France. Most of the other mountains lie on or close to the border. The small country of Andorra is located in the eastern portion of the Pyrenees and is surrounded by
1681201
Treaty of the Pyrenees


The Treaty of the Pyrenees (, , , ) was signed on 7 November 1659 to end the 1635–1659 war between France and Spain, a war that was initially a part of the wider Thirty Years' War. It was signed on Pheasant Island, a river island on the border between the two countries which has remained a French-Spanish condominium since the treaty. The kings Louis XIV of France and Philip IV of Spain were represented by their chief ministers, Cardinal Mazarin and Don Luis Méndez de Haro, respectively. France
7805879
Balaïtous


The Balaitús (Spanish) or Pic du Balaïtous (French) (; ) is a granitic massif of the Pyrenees, located right on the border between Spain and France. Balaitús marks the starting point of the "High Pyrenees". Its height is AMSL, and it is the nearest mountain to the Atlantic coast to surpass . Its name may come from the Occitan words "vath" (valley) and "leitosa" (milky). Another Spanish name for the mountain is Pico de los Moros ("Moors' peak
3530223
Aneto


it - notably with the death of Luchon Barrau, considered the dean and leading expert in the area. He fell in a crack in the ice on Maladeta. This caused a real shock and the natives, already very fearful of venturing on the glacier, became genuinely scared of the mountain which they considered cursed. Aneto rises to meters above sea level in the centre of the Pyrenees mountain range. It lies entirely in Spain, just south of the main ridge of the Pyrenees and the border between France and Spain. The
848191
Corbières Massif


The Corbières Massif (Catalan: "Corberes"; ) is a mountain range in the Pre-Pyrenees. It is the only true foothill of the Pyrenees on their northern side. The Corbières are a mountain region in the Languedoc-Roussillon in southeastern France, located in the departements of Aude and Pyrénées-Orientales. The River Aude borders the Corbières to the west and north, and the River Agly more or less to the south. The eastern border is the Mediterranean Sea. The eastern part of the Corbières bordering the
15840438
Spain


, it is bordered by Gibraltar (a British overseas territory) and Morocco, through its exclaves in North Africa (Ceuta and Melilla, and the peninsula of Vélez de la Gomera). On the northeast, along the Pyrenees mountain range, it is bordered by France and the Principality of Andorra. Along the Pyrenees in Girona, a small exclave town called Llívia is surrounded by France. Extending to , the Portugal–Spain border is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union. Spain also includes the Balearic Islands in the
6846473
Roncevaux Pass


Pass of Roncesvalles or Roncesvalles Pass (also "Ronceval" or "Roncevaux"), (; ; ; elevation 1057 m) is a high mountain pass in the Pyrenees near the border between France and Spain. The pass itself is entirely in Spain. The pass is located between the towns of Roncesvalles and Luzaide/Valcarlos in Navarra, northern Spain. The closest town in France is Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port, at a distance of about 8 km (5.0 mi) from the Spanish border. It
8878387
France–Spain border


The France–Spain border was formally defined in 1659. It separates the two countries from Hendaye and Irun in the west, running through the Pyrenees to Cerbère and Portbou on the Mediterranean Sea. The Franco-Spanish border runs for between southwestern France and northeastern Spain. It begins in the west on the Bay of Biscay at the French city of Hendaye and the Spanish city of Irun (). The border continues eastward along the Pyrenees to Andorra (). At this point, the small country interrupts the border between Spain
8917201
Société Ramond


The Société Ramond is a French learned society devoted to the study of the Pyrenees mountain range that forms a natural border between France and Spain. It is named after the French politician, geologist, botanist and explorer Louis Ramond de Carbonnières and is based in Bagnères-de-Bigorre in southwestern France. The society was formed in 1865 (although 1864 is also given as its founding date) in Bagnères-de-Bigorre by Henry Russell (1834–1909), a French-Irish eccentric who made many first ascents in the Pyrenees
17710697
Pyrénées – Mont Perdu World Heritage Site


The Pyrénées – Mont Perdu World Heritage Site (also known as UNESCO Patrimonio Mundial Pirineos – Monte Perdido in Spanish) is a World Heritage site straddling the border between Spain and France in the Pyrenees mountain chain. The summit of Monte Perdido (French: Mont Perdu) is on the Spanish side of the border. The site was designated in 1997 and extended north in 1999 to include the Commune of Gèdre in France. The site includes two bordering national parks: the entire Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park in Spain and the
18702024
Battle of Roncevaux Pass


The Battle of Roncevaux Pass (French and English spelling, "Roncesvalles" in Spanish, "Orreaga" in Basque) in 778 saw a large force of Basques ambush a part of Charlemagne's army in Roncevaux Pass, a high mountain pass in the Pyrenees on the present border between France and Spain, after his invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. The Basque attack was a retaliation for Charlemagne's destruction of the city walls of their capital, Pamplona. As the Franks retreated across the Pyrenees back to Francia, the rearguard of
8878330
Jaizkibel


the state borderline between France and Spain) as well as the towns of Irun, Hendaia and Hondarribia on the river banks. The nearest relevant mountains are La Rhune, Aiako Harria and Ulia closing the view east to west from the south. Some people consider Jaizkibel to be the first westernmost mountain of the Pyrenees. The area is a relevant landmark on the grounds of its strategic position close to the border with France, with the range standing as the easternmost Spanish rise by the seaside and affording an unmatched view miles away,
19148211
Frankfurt proposals


British diplomat in attendance, Lord Aberdeen, misunderstood London's position and accepted the moderate terms. The proposal was that Napoleon would remain as Emperor of France, but France would be reduced to what the French revolutionaries claimed as France's "Natural borders." The natural borders were the Pyrenees mountains, the Alps mountains, and the Rhine River. France would retain control of Belgium, Savoy and the Rhineland (the west bank of the Rhine River), conquered and annexed during the early wars of the French Revolution, while
6737619
Montcalm Massif


The Montcalm Massif (, ) is a mountain massif located in the Pyrenees, at the border between France and Spain, it has an altitude of 3077 metres above sea level. Some of the summits are over 3,000 m high and the highest mountain in Catalonia (Pica d'Estats), as well as the highest mountain in Ariège (Pic de Montcalm), are part of this massif. The Parc naturel régional des Pyrénées ariégeoises is located on the French side of the massif area and the Parc Natural de l'Alt Pirineu on the
5845676
Cauterets


Cauterets (in Occitan "Cautarés", in Catalan "Cautarés", in Aragonese "Cautarès") is a spa town, a ski resort and a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department and the region of Occitanie in south-western France. Cauterets is located southwest of Lourdes and borders the Pyrenees National Park. Surrounded by the high mountains of the Pyrenees, the commune of Cauterets spreads in the narrow valley of the , a mountain stream extending from the and the and their tributaries, the and the . The village
14299461
Rodó de Canalbona


Rodó de Canalbona or Pic Rodó de Canalbona is a mountain of Catalonia. Located in the Montcalm Massif, Pyrenees, at the border between France and Spain, it has an altitude of 3004 metres above sea level. Mountaineers use a route that goes over the ridge towards Pica d'Estats. It is not an easy ascent. The "Estanyol Occidental de Canalbona" or "Estany de Canalbona" is a small glacial lake located between the Pic de Canalbona and the "Rodó de Canalbona", at the base of the "Collet
12752985
Col du Portillon


The Col du Portillon () (elevation ) is a mountain pass in the Pyrenees on the border between France and Spain. It connects Bagnères-de-Luchon in France with Bossòst in the Val d'Aran, Spain. Starting from Bossòst, the climb is long. Over this distance, the climb is at an average of 6.8%. The steepest section is at 8.2%, from the summit. Starting from Bagnères-de-Luchon, the climb is long. Over this distance, the climb is at an average
14427146
John II of France


queen of France at the same time. In November 1350, King John had Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu seized and summarily executed, for reasons that remain unclear, although it was rumored that he had pledged the English the County of Guînes for his release. In 1354, John's son-in-law and cousin, Charles II of Navarre, who, in addition to his Kingdom of Navarre in the Pyrenees mountains, border between France and Spain, also held extensive lands in Normandy, was implicated in
1126869
Col de Peyresourde


The Col de Peyresourde () (elevation ) is a mountain pass in the central Pyrenees on the border of the department of Haute-Garonne and Hautes-Pyrénées in France. It is situated on the D618 road between Bagnères-de-Luchon and Arreau. Starting from Bagnères-de-Luchon (east), the Col de Peyresourde is long. Over this distance, the climb is (an average gradient of 6.1%). The steepest sections are 9.8%. No mountain pass cycling milestones for cyclists are placed
2881776
Urkulu


Urkulu (1,419 m) is a mountain in the Basque Country straddling the border between France and Spain. The summit is located in the western Pyrenees, within walking distance from Roncevaux and close to the so-called French Way of St James, which crosses the mountain range at the historic Roncevaux Pass. The mountain is easily accessible from the old arms factory of Orbaizeta in Navarre and Béhérobie (via the Organbidexka pass) in Lower Navarre, and is also located on the trekking trail stretching east to west along the southern slopes
4093907
Tarbes


Lourdes. Tarbes is 1 hr 30 mins from the Atlantic Ocean, 2 hrs 50 mins from the Languedoc coast and 35 minutes from the nearest ski resorts. It is located at an average elevation of . To the south of Tarbes, along with the pilgrimage town of Lourdes, is the border with Spain. The Pyrenees mountains, lying along the border between France and Spain, can be seen from the town. Tarbes is crossed to the east by the Adour river and to the west by the Échez and by the Gespe
3328804
The Eagle (poem)


, he came to enjoy the Pyrenees Mountain Range. This mountain range on the border of France and Spain came to be his favorite place, along with the nearby valley called the Cauteretz. "The Eagle" was inspired by Tennyson's frequent travels to the Pyrenees. He frequently saw eagles, raptors, and other birds of prey circling above him in this area. In the poem, Tennyson opted to create an imaginary setting of cliffs by the sea, instead of the mountainside. Tennyson is known for his imagery and transcendental
20306288
Somport


Somport or Col du Somport, known also as the Aspe Pass or Canfranc Pass, (el. 1632 m.) is a mountain pass in the central Pyrenees on the border of France and Spain. Its name is derived from the Latin "Summus portus". It was one of the most popular routes for soldiers, merchants, and pilgrims to the tomb of St. James following the route from Arles to cross the Pyrenees. They travelled from Oloron-Sainte-Marie, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France, via Somport to Aragon
21685152
Great Pyrenees


of WWII in Europe. They imported nearly 60 Great Pyrenees from France and Europe to the United States, representing more than 10 distinct bloodlines or kennels and a diverse population of Great Pyrenees. It is possible that Venezuelan Mucuchies breed descend from the Great Pyrenees, other Spanish breeds, and other few more breeds, that could be introduced in 16th century by Spanish conquistadors. The real spread of the Great Pyrenees out of its mountains developed in the 19th century with the birth of Romanticism. This breed, first appreciated for its beauty
8489124
Pierre R. Graham


post until he retired in 1978. Graham retired in the Maureillas-las-Illas near Céret, France, in the Pyrenees Mountains close to the border between France and Spain. He lived there with his second wife, Dr. Helgard Planken Graham (1928-2016) until he died on April 24, 1988. Graham left behind his sister and three daughters, Diane Lyn Cooper, Katherine Joan Graham, and Patricia Ann Reed, as well as five grandchildren in the United States, two nephews and their 3 daughters in France
9280230
Petit train de la Rhune


The Petit train de la Rhune is a metre gauge rack railway in France at the western end of the Pyrenees. It links the Col de Saint-Ignace, some to the east of Saint-Jean-de-Luz, to the summit of the La Rhune mountain (Larrun). Although this summit lies on the border between France and Spain, the railway lies entirely within the French "département" of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. The idea of building a railway to the summit of La Rhune was first proposed in 1908
19023844
Leo Bretholz


, near the Pyrenees Mountains, where he stayed for eight to ten months until on August 26, 1941, when the deportation began from this town. Upon a warning from the mayor of Luchon, he hid with his uncle overnight in the Pyrenees, returning the next day to find half of the ghetto's population deported. With his cousin Albert Hershkowitz he walked across the Swiss border in October 1942 under the name "Paul Meunier", only to be stopped by a Swiss mountain patrol and sent back to France. There
14600445
Cap de Creus


, with almost no trees, in contrast with a seaside rich in minuscule creeks of deep blue sea to anchor. Mountains are the eastern foothills of the Pyrenees, the natural border between France and Spain. The region is frequently swept by awful north wind "tramontana" (beyond mountains) which has caused many naval disasters. Cadaqués is the most well known village, home of artists and writers, with sophisticated atmosphere, near Port Lligat where Dalí built his home in a paradise small bay. (Dalí depicted the peninsula in
14872404
Yellow fever


Orleans. Major outbreaks have also occurred in southern Europe. Gibraltar lost many to outbreaks in 1804, 1814, and 1828. Barcelona suffered the loss of several thousand citizens during an outbreak in 1821. The Duke de Richelieu deployed 30,000 French troops to the border between France and Spain in the Pyrenees Mountains, to establish a "cordon sanitaire" in order to prevent the epidemic from spreading from Spain into France. Ezekiel Stone Wiggins, known as the Ottawa Prophet, proposed that the cause of a yellow fever epidemic in Jacksonville,
15394417
Great Pyrenees


, heat or stress. However, this is not on a "Beethoven"-like scale and generally, they are not droolers. Great Pyrenees need to have their nails clipped often to avoid damage. This breed also needs to have their teeth and ears cleaned regularly to prevent infection. The Great Pyrenees were bred centuries ago to work with shepherds and herding dogs in the Pyrenees Mountains between France and Spain. One of the first descriptions of the breed comes from Fray Miguel Agustín, "prior" of the Temple who lived between 1560 and
8489118
Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques


Pau (, ; ) is a "commune" on the northern edge of the Pyrenees, and capital of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Département in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The city is located in the heart of the former sovereign Principality of Béarn, of which it was the capital from 1464. Bordered by the Gave de Pau, the city is located from the Atlantic Ocean and from Spain. This position gives it an exceptional panorama across the mountain range of the Pyrenees as well as on the hillsides of
15211275
Hendaye


, the Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed in 1659, ending decades of intermittent war between France and Spain. Authority over the island alternates between France and Spain every six months. All the same, the village kept being subject to destruction due to cross-border military activity. In the War of the Pyrenees (1793-1795), or less possibly in the run-up to the rise of Napoleon to prominence, the village was levelled to the ground, as described in 1799 by Wilhelm von Humboldt: "The
5900827
La Jacetania


La Jacetania (; ) is a comarca in northern Aragon, Spain. It is located in the northwestern corner of the Huesca and Zaragoza provinces. The administrative capital is Jaca, with 13,374 inhabitants the largest town of the comarca. The area is famous for its ski resorts. Jacetania borders with France in the north and with Navarre in the west. Most of its territory is mountainous, with the ranges of the Pyrenees and Pre-Pyrenees covering most of its area. The name of the comarca originates in the ancient Iberian tribe
5340042
Union of Brittany and France


step in the formation of modern-day France. Geographically, the union resulted in France's northwestern border becoming the English Channel and its western border, as far south as the Pyrenees Mountains, becoming the Atlantic Ocean, save for island territories and colonies. Politically this unification marked the end to over 1000 years of efforts by various Kings of England to control Brittany, and thwarted later efforts by the King of Spain to establish a foothold there. Throughout its history the Kingdom of Brittany and then the Duchy of Brittany constantly sought
4727069
Col du Pourtalet


The Col du Pourtalet, El Portalet or Portalet d'Aneu is a mountain pass and border crossing in the Pyrenees, between France and Spain. The pass reaches an elevation of , and links the Ossau and Tena valleys. The road across the pass is known as the A-136 on the Spanish side, and links to Biescas and Huesca. On the French side the D934 road connects the pass to the towns of Laruns, Oloron-Sainte-Marie and Pau. The pass is kept open in the winter, but in case of
17408316
Territorial evolution of France


to a large extent, within clear limits of physical geography. Roughly half of its margin lies on sea coasts. In the south-west, its border lies among the peaks of the Pyrenees mountain range. Similarly, in the south-east it lies in part of the Alps. In the East it follows one or another of the Jura ranges until it reaches the River Rhine, which it follows downstream. The remaining section, in the north-east, between the Rhine and the North Sea, is provided with
12209970
Ariège (department)


the Lavelanet region with marl and limestone. The geography is dominated by the Pyrenees mountains exceeding 1,000 m above sea level which form the border between France and Spain. The "Pica d'Estats" (3143 m), the "peak of Montcalm" (3077 m), and "Pic de Sotllo" (3072 m) are the highest points of the department. These peaks are clearly visible from Toulouse in the Haute Garonne. The landscape is dominated by forests with coniferous species coexist with hardwoods such as chestnut trees, Black
7407210
Eurasian brown bear


but still exists in Northern Europe and in Russia. There is a small but growing population (at least 43 bears) in the Pyrenees, on the border between Spain and France, which was once on the edge of extinction, as well as two subpopulations in the Cantabrian Mountains in Spain (amounting to around 250 individuals). There are also populations totalling around one hundred bears in the Abruzzo, South Tyrol and Trentino regions of Italy. Populations in Baltoscandia are slowly increasing. They include almost 3000 bears in Sweden, another
5929276
Pic de Néouvielle


Pic de Néouvielle (3,091 m) is a mountain in the Néouvielle massif in the French Pyrenees. It is located in the commune of Saint-Lary-Soulan within the department of the Hautes-Pyrénées, and lies on the border between the Pyrenees National Park and the Néouvielle National Nature Reserve. The name "Pic de Néouvielle" derives from "nèu vielha", meaning 'old snow' in the Occitan language; the inhabitants of the vallée d'Aure call the peak "la montagne d'Aubert". The mountain has four
13955798
France–Spain relations


France and Spain neighbour each other, with a long border across the Pyrenees. As two of the most powerful kingdoms of the early modern era, France and Spain fought a 24-year war (the Franco-Spanish War) until the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. The treaty was signed on the Pheasant Island between the two nations, which has since been a condominium, changing its allegiances each six months. Both nations are member states of the European Union (and both nations utilize the Euro as currency)
4768652
France–Spain border


two countries determined by if it is the first or the second half of a year. The formal layout of the Franco-Spanish border dates back to the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees between the kingdoms of Spain and France in 1659. This would be followed by the Treaty of Llivia the following year, which transferred to France the sovereignty of several villages in the valley of Querol. Later there would be some agreements on specific areas: the agreement signed in Perpignan in 1764, which established the boundaries between Empordà and
8917203
Battle of Roncevaux Pass


same theory that the Duke was the leader of the attack. Their reasons were that he and the Vascones opposed Carolingian expansion into Vasconia after the Franco-Aquitanian war (760–769). The Pyrenees are a mountain range in southwest Europe that form a natural border between France and Spain, extending about 490 km (305 m) from Cap Higuer on the Bay of Biscay, to Cap de Creus on the Mediterranean Sea. The range also separates the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of Western Europe. Beyond the Northern part of the
8878345
Col de la Quillane


Col de la Quillane is a mountain pass in the Pyrenees on the border between La Llagonne and Matemale in Pyrénées-Orientales. The Col de la Quillane marks the boundary of the watershed, with the Aude river on one side and the Têt river on the other. It is from the Col de la Quillane that the businessman and Pyrenees explorer Prosper Auriol, and his friends, made the first skiing ever in the Pyrenees, on 29 January 1901. At the Col de la Quillane nowadays can be found the small ski resort
15506752
Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line


installations at the border. Another same-gauge connection to France is planned near the Atlantic coast in the Basque country, and a third link via Huesca crossing the central Pyrenees mountains through a tunnel is under study. France has left-hand traffic and Spain right-hand, so a flyover was built around north of the border (). A TGV service from Paris via Perpignan started on 19 December 2010 to a temporary station at Figueres and a connecting service on the classic line on to Barcelona and Madrid. The total
238828
Canigou


The Canigou (; ; ; el. 2,784.66 m./9137 ft.) is a mountain located in the Pyrenees of southern France. The Canigou is located less than 50 kilometers from the sea. Due to its sharp flanks and its dramatic location near the coast, until the 18th century the Canigou was believed to be the highest mountain in the Pyrenees. The Canigou is located in Pyrénées-Orientales, south of Prades and north of Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste. Its summit is a quadripoint between the territories of Casteil
8442011
Borders of Spain


River. The Spain-France border is 656.3 km long. It is divided in two parts, since it is interrupted by Andorra. The first part extends through the provinces of Gipuzkoa, Navarre, Huesca, Lleida and Girona in Spain, and the departments of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Hautes-Pyrénées, Haute-Garonne, Ariège, Pyrénées-Orientales in France. The border goes from the mouth of Bidasoa River to a cape between Cerbère and Portbou, and crosses the Pyrenees. The Spain-Andorra border is 63.7 km
262458
Pic de Finestrelles


Pic de Finestrelles is a mountain located in the Oriental Pyrenees, in the area bordering the states of France and Spain, in concret in Catalonia. It has an altitude of above sea level. This peak is notable that is the mountain from which the world record for most distant landscape on Earth was taken. In particular the Massif of Ecrins (French Alps). The mountains were photographed at dawn by Marc Bret on July 16, 2016, covering a distance of 443 km to the . Bret utilised a Panasonic Lumix FZ72
12752987
Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis


France. In 1822, Ferdinand VII applied the terms of the Congress of Vienna, lobbied for the assistance of the other absolute monarchs of Europe, in the process joining the Holy Alliance formed by Russia, Prussia, Austria and France to restore absolutism. In France, the ultra-royalists pressured Louis XVIII to intervene. To temper their counter-revolutionary ardor, the Duc de Richelieu deployed troops along the Pyrenees Mountains along the France-Spain border, charging them with halting the spread of Spanish liberalism and the "yellow fever
13312780
Day of the Geese


France on the coast of the Bay of Biscay near the Western end of the Pyrenees mountains. Lekeitio is located in the province of Vizcaya or Bizkaia. The Basque population is currently around three million. They are considered to be Europe’s oldest culture, having record of inhabiting their current region in 77 B.C. Some believe that due to physical differences between Basques and other Europeans, such as unique cranial differences, that Basques are direct descendants of the Stone Age inhabitants of the Pyrenees Mountains. The extended history and unique culture of this
17570317
Trienio Liberal


To temper their counter-revolutionary ardour, the Duc de Richelieu deployed troops along the Pyrenees Mountains along the France-Spain border, charging them with halting the spread of Spanish liberalism and the "yellow fever" from encroaching into France. In September 1822, the "cordon sanitaire" became an observation corps and then very quickly transformed itself into a military expedition. The Holy Alliance (Russia, Austria and Prussia) refused Ferdinand's request for help, but the Quintuple Alliance (United Kingdom, France, Russia, Prussia and
11541696
Postage stamps and postal history of Andorra


Andorra, officially the "Principality of Andorra", is a small country located in the Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. The official language is Catalan, although Spanish, French, and Portuguese are also commonly spoken. Postal services in Andorra are unique in that they are not operated by the country itself, but by its two larger neighbouring countries, Spain and France. "Correos" of Spain and "La Poste" of France operate side by side. Both postal administrations issue their own postage stamps for use
230805
Col de la Pierre St Martin


Col de la Pierre Saint-Martin (elevation ) is a mountain pass on the France-Spain border in the western Pyrenees in the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (France) and Navarra (Spain). The climb from the Spanish side was used in the 2007 Tour de France. Close to the summit of the pass, there is the ski station of Arette-Pierre-Saint-Martin. In 2015, on Bastille Day, the tenth leg of the Tour climbed the Col in the other direction, from Arette
4853920
Aquitaine


Aquitaine (, , ; ; ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: "Aguiéne"), archaic "Guyenne"/"Guienne" (), is a historical region of southwestern France and a former administrative region of the country. Since 1 January 2016 it has been part of the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is situated in the far southwest corner of Metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. It is composed of the five departments of Dordogne, Lot-et-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
2397576
Geology of the Pyrenees


The Pyrenees are a 430-kilometre-long, roughly east–west striking, intracontinental mountain chain that divide France, Spain, and Andorra. The belt has an extended, polycyclic geological evolution dating back to the Precambrian. The chain's present configuration is due to the collision between the microcontinent Iberia and the southwestern promontory of the European Plate (i.e. Southern France). The two continents were approaching each other since the onset of the Upper Cretaceous (Albian/Cenomanian) about 100 million years ago and were consequently colliding during the Paleogene
8687410
Els Límits


Els Límits () is a Spanish village, a civil parish of the municipality of La Jonquera, situated in the province of Girona, Catalonia, in Spain. As of 2005 its population was of 115. Its Spanish name is Los Límites. The origin of village's division is to research in the 17th century when, with the Treaty of the Pyrenees (after the 1635-1659 Franco-Spanish War), the frontier line between France and Spain was established between the mountain range of the Pyrenees. Els Límits,
16326406
Natural borders of France


), beyond the Pyrenees by the annexation of part of Catalonia (1812), and beyond the Alps by the annexation of parts of Italy between 1801 and 1805. After the first abdication of Napoleon on April 6, 1814, France lost, by the Treaty of Paris, all its territories conquered after 1792. France only kept a small part of Savoy. After Waterloo, by the second Treaty of Paris in 1815, France was taken back to its 1790 borders and therefore lost Savoy. Savoy and Nice were definitively annexed
4559077
Geography of Andorra


Andorra is a small, landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountain range and bordered by Spain and France. With an area of 468 km², it is the sixth smallest country in Europe and also the largest of the European microstates. Andorra consists predominantly of rugged mountains, the highest being the Coma Pedrosa at , and the average elevation of Andorra is . These are dissected by three narrow valleys in a Y shape that combine into one as the main stream, the Gran Valira river, leaves the country
11841746
Haute-Garonne


by the upper course of the Garonne River (hence the name) for nearly . The borders of the department follow the river. The Garonne enters France from Spain at the town of Fos, and goes through Toulouse and leaves the department. The extreme south of the department lies in the Pyrenees mountain range and is very mountainous. The highest elevation is the Peak of Perdiguère, at above sea level. This department was the political base of former Prime Minister Lionel Jospin. The President of the General Council is Pierre Izard of
7407440
Sub-Pyrenees


The Sub-Pyrenees () are a mountainous region in Catalonia, Spain, forming a section of the southern foothills of the Pyrenees. They are located at the eastern end of the Pre-Pyrenees, west of the Catalan Transversal Range, between the lower Ripollès and an area of the high Garrotxa. The Sub-Pyrenees consist of a series of parallel mountain ranges aligned in an east-west direction. Their shape is smooth and they are mostly covered with forest. They are cut transversally by the Ter River, between
21505701
History of Andorra


Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra (), also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra (), is a sovereign landlocked microstate in Southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. Andorra claims it is the last independent survivor of the Marca Hispanica, the buffer states created by Charlemagne to keep the Islamic Moors from advancing into Christian France. Tradition holds that Charlemagne granted a charter to the Andorran people in return for their fighting the Moors. In the 9th century, Charlemagne's
18158648
Slot canyon


particular characteristics of the rock and regional rainfall. Slot canyons are found in many parts of the world, predominantly in areas with low rainfall. Some of the best-known slot canyons are to be found in the Southwestern United States. Other significant areas include the Sierra de Guara in northern Spain, the Pyrenees on the border of France and Spain, and the Blue Mountains in New South Wales, Australia. The largest known area of slot canyons in Australia is in the Blue Mountains, west of Sydney. They occur in
5176007
Michel Warlop


months and Legrand for one year. He never played again in Paris or recorded after this incident in 1945. Despite of his abilities in classical music which would have gotten him a good position in any classical orchestra in France, he preferred to tour as a jazz soloist and in small groups in the south of France until he died at the age of 36 in 1947. His last engagement was with Jimmy Réna's small group at the Grand Hotel Superbagnières above Luchon, France in the Pyrenees Mountains near the border with Spain.
21405778
Pyrenees


, Haute-Garonne, Hautes-Pyrénées, and Pyrénées-Atlantiques (the latter two of which include the Pyrenees National Park). The independent principality of Andorra is sandwiched in the eastern portion of the mountain range between the Spanish Pyrenees and French Pyrenees. Physiographically, the Pyrenees may be divided into three sections: the Atlantic (or Western), the Central, and the Eastern Pyrenees. Together, they form a distinct physiographic province of the larger Alpine System division. In the Western Pyrenees, from the Basque mountains near
4967973
Haute Randonnée Pyrénéenne


The Haute Randonnée Pyrénéenne (HRP) is a high level long-distance trail in the Pyrenees joining the Atlantic and Mediterranean. It mostly follows the approximate French and Spanish border and passes through Andorra. Like the GR 10 and the GR 11, the path travels the length of the Pyrenees from coast to coast. However, where the GR 10 and GR 11 stick mainly to lower routes and mountain passes on the French and Spanish sides of the border respectively, the HRP follows a high course through the mountains and cols,
20320637
Ossip Bernstein


with Alekhine and others in Paris in Spring 1940. He fled to Spain after the capitulation of France (Battle of France) in summer 1940. When he reached the Pyrenees, he and his family had to walk over mountain roads at night, hiding in caves during the daylight hours to avoid the Police and Border forces. After two exhausting nights, he reached Spain; however, Bernstein had a heart attack and was unconscious. The Spanish frontier guards arrested the family and placed them in separate prisons. Through the intervention of
19183990
Pailhès, Ariège


Pailhès is a commune located in the department of Ariège in Midi-Pyrenees in southwestern France. Its inhabitants are called Pailhésiens and Pailhésiennes. This commune is located in the mountains of Plantaurel on the river Lèze and on the old national road 628 between Saint-Jean-de-Verges and Campagne-sur-Arize. It is part of the Regional Park of the Ariège Pyrenees. The Lèze flows northwest through the southeastern part of the commune, crosses the village, then flows north through the middle of the commune. It
14438746
Pirenópolis


, means in Greek “the City of the Pireneus”. Its name comes from the mountain range that surrounds the city, that is " Mountain range of the Pireneus ". According to local tradition, the mountain range received this name for having in the region immigrant Spaniards, probably Catalans. Because of some similarity with their native Pyrenees of Europe, a mountain chain situated between Spain and France, they had then given this mountain range the Latin name of "Pireneus". Listed as an architectural, urbanistic, landscape and
2651823
Andorra–France border


The Andorra–France border extends for in southern France (Ariège and Pyrenees-Orientales départements) and northern and north-eastern Andorra. The border is France's third-shortest, after its borders with Monaco and the Netherlands (the latter on the Caribbean island of Saint Martin). The border's western extremity starts at the western Andorra–Spain–France tripoint, located at the summit of the Pic de Médécourbe (42°36'13"N 1°26'33" E). It then follows a general north-east direction
12054896
2001 Tour de France


individual time trials and five consecutive mountain-top finishing stages, the second of which was the Chamrousse special-category climb time trial. Thus, all the high-mountain stages were grouped consecutively, following the climbing time trial, with one rest day in between. France was ridden 'clockwise', so the Alps were visited before the Pyrenees. The Tour started in France but also visited Belgium in its first week. The ceremonial final stage finished at the Champs-Élysées in Paris, as is tradition. Erik Zabel
11862372
Viscounts of Béarn


The viscounts of Béarn (Basque: "Bearno", Gascon: "Bearn" or "Biarn") were the rulers of the viscounty of Béarn, located in the Pyrenees mountains and in the plain at their feet, in southwest France. Along with the three Basque provinces of Soule, Lower Navarre, and Labourd, as well as small parts of Gascony, it forms the current "département" of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (64). Béarn is bordered by Basque provinces Soule and Lower Navarre to the west, by
12895725
Berguedà


Berguedà () is an inland comarca (county) in Catalonia, Spain, lying partly in the Pyrenees and Pre-Pyrenees, and partly in the Catalan Central Depression. The northern half of Berguedà, known as Alt Berguedà (“Upper Berguedà”), consists of the upper Llobregat Valley and the mountainous areas surrounding it. Its northern border is a veritable mountain barrier: Berguedà is separated from Cerdanya by a chain of 2,000-meter peaks. These include the mountain ranges of Cadí, Moixeró, Puig d'Alp and Puigllançada. In
21034801
Natural borders of France


The natural borders of France () are a political and geographic theory developed in France, notably during the French Revolution. They correspond to the Rhine, the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, the Pyrenees and the Alps, according to the revolutionaries. Most historians of France today reject the theory of France's natural borders. According to University of California, Berkeley, historian Peter Sahlins, "as a model of French identity, it formed part of a constitutive myth of the state." The first mention of the natural borders
4559067
Cross-border language


four categories of speakers in terms of comprehension can be illustrated by the example of Basque, which is spoken in the western Pyrenees, on both sides of the border between the states of Spain and France. Border control regimes (police, customs, military posts, etc.), as a symbol of sovereignty and the means of regulating circulation of people and goods, are perceived as lines of separation and alienation by the people living on either side. Ethnolinguistic identities which cross arbitrary borders are often ignored by states and their officials
10071534
Pica d'Estats


Pica d'Estats (Catalan: "Pica d'Estats", French: "Pic d'Estats") is a mountain in the Montcalm Massif, Pyrenees. on the Spanish–French border, and is the highest mountain in Catalonia. This mountain is included in the Parc Natural de l'Alt Pirineu. The summit is located between the Catalan municipality of Alins in Pallars Sobirà and the French district of Ariège. It comprises three peaks, all lying close to each other: This eastern peak is the geodesic vertex. The ridge runs north-northwest
5944437
History of Catalan


Catalan originated from Vulgar Latin in the Pyrenees Mountains between France and Spain. It diverged from the other Romance languages in the 9th century. At that time, Catalan spread quickly throughout the Iberian peninsula when the Catalan counts conquered Muslim territory. By the 11th century, the Catalan language was present in several feudal documents. Catalan was present throughout the Mediterranean by the 15th century. This was during a time when the city of Valencia was thriving. In 1659, the Treaty of Pyrenees was signed, beginning a suppression of the Catalan
19706923
The Tribute of the Three Cows


Larra and Aranz was regarded as highly advantageous to the people of Barétous. The arbitration has thereafter been ratified numerous times, including in the Peace of the Pyrenees and in the Treaty of Bayonne of 1856 between Spain and France, which settled the current border between France and Spain. The carta de paz (peace treaty) of 1375 succeeded in pacifying the relationships between both valleys, even if in 1389 amendments had to be added to specify issues related to the breeding of cattle. Thereafter the relationship between Roncal and Barétous became essentially
19701811
Pyrenean Shepherd


The Pyrenean Shepherd (known in France originally, and also in non-AKC registries such as the UKC, as the Berger des Pyrénées, and in Spain as the Pastor de los Pirineos) is a medium-small breed of dog native to the Pyrenees mountains in southern France and northern Spain, bred since at least medieval times for herding livestock, especially sheep. It worked as an active herder together with the Great Pyrenees, another mountain dog, which acted as the flock's guardian. The Pyrenean Shepherd is the smallest
695352
2012 Tour de France


the race east, with the seventh ending in the Vosges Mountains. Stage eight then entered the Jura Mountains, with the finish in Porrentruy, Switzerland. A return to France saw the next stage take place between Arc-et-Senans to Besançon. The next stages, ten and eleven, went into the Alps, and stages twelve and thirteen took the Tour down to the Mediterranean coast at Cap d'Agde. Stage fourteen moved the race into the east of Pyrenees, before a transitional stage taking it to the western side of
1516531
Amaiur-Maya


Amaiur-Maya (Basque: "Amaiur"; Spanish: "Maya de Baztán"; officially: Amaiur-Maya) is a village in the municipality of Baztan in the autonomous region of Navarre in Spain. It is situated in the Pyrenees mountain range close to the border with France. The fortress of Amaiur, sitting on a hill by the village, was one of the key medieval strongholds of the Kingdom of Navarre. It was one of the few fortresses in Navarre making a stand against the Castilian invasion of 1512
15085337
Barcelona


Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). Barcelona is located on the northeast coast of the Iberian Peninsula, facing the Mediterranean Sea, on a plain approximately wide limited by the mountain range of Collserola, the Llobregat river to the southwest and the Besòs river to the north. This plain covers an area of , of which are occupied by the city itself. It is south of the Pyrenees and the Catalan border with France. Tibidabo, high, offers striking views over the city and is topped by the Torre
4086170
Kílian Jornet Burgada


. At the age of three he climbed Tuc de Molières, a three-thousander in the Pyrenees. By the age of five he climbed Aneto , the highest mountain in the Pyrenees, and a year later he climbed his first four-thousander, the Breithorn () on the Switzerland - Italy border. He started ski mountaineering in 1999, and competed for the first time at the La Molina race of the Spanish Cup in 2000. In 2003, he became a junior member of the Spanish national ski mountaineering team,
2074058
Ainhice-Mongelos


Ainhice-Mongelos () is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France. It is located in the former province of Lower Navarre. The inhabitants of the commune are known as "Ainhiztars" or "Monjolostars". The town is part of the country Basque province of "Cize" of Lower Navarre. It is located in the Pyrenees mountains some 40 km in a direct line southeast of Bayonne and about 15 km northeast of the Spanish border. The commune is mostly farmland
10803185
1989 Tour de France


Luxembourg, and passed through the Wallonia region of Belgium, before taking an anti-clockwise route through France, starting in the northwest in Brittany before visiting the Pyrenees and then the Alps. The race consisted of seven mountain stages, two in the Pyrenees and five in the Alps. The highest point of the race was the Col du Galibier at . In total there were five time trial events including the prologue. Pedro Delgado pointed to stage 17 up the Alpe d'Huez, one of the most prominent mountain-top finishes of
2602791
List of mountain passes and hills in the Tour de France


, 1, or 2. One of them were situated in the Jura, eight in the Alps, two in the Cévennes, and twelve in the Pyrenees: The 2011 Tour de France included 23 mountain passes or summit finishes, categorized HC, 1, or 2. Four of them are situated in the Massif Central, nine in the Pyrenees, and ten in the Alps: The 2012 tour included three uphill finishes: La Planche des Belles Filles (stage 7), La Toussuire - Les Sybelles (stage 11)
3020505
Aquitaine Basin


drifting motion a counterclockwise rotational movement that eventually brought it in close contact with southern France (reflected in first tectonic movements in the Pyrenees during the Albian; also documented by metamorphism in the Pyrenees dated between 108 and 93 million years ago and by the transgression of the Cenomanian sea). The final collision happened during the Eocene/Oligocene uplifting the mountain chain and subjecting it to severe erosion at the same time. The main phase of uplift ended with the close of the Aquitanian, followed mainly by isostatic movements lasting to this day
20932097
Aspe peak


Aspe peak (also known as Pico de la Garganta de Aísa) is a mountain in the western Pyrenees of Huesca; which is situated on the west side of the Aragon Valley near the towns of Villanúa (to the south) and Canfranc (to the east). The peak is AMSL high. It is adjoined to the peak of Zapatilla. The peak towers over the Spanish ski resort of Candanchú and the Somport pass on the border with France. The peak gives its name to the French river Gave d'Aspe and the
21573173
Larrun


Larrun (modern French: La Rhune, IPA: [la'run], - 'good pasture', possibly a folk etymology, in French until the 20th century: Larhune ) is a mountain (905 m) at the western end of the Pyrenees. It is located on the border of France and Spain, where the traditional Basque provinces of Labourd and Navarra meet. Its prominence is 670 m. Larrun holds an iconic place in Basque culture. It is covered in dolmens, stone circles and other neolithic monuments and was held
6727006
Hettange-Grande


Hettange-Grande (, Lorraine Franconian: "Grouss-Hetténgen") is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. The town gave its name to the Hettangian, the earliest age of the Jurassic period of the geologic timescale. Hettange-Grande is located close to the borders between France, Germany, and Luxembourg. Hettange-Grande was part of the Duchy of Luxembourg until the 1659 Treaty of the Pyrenees, when it was ceded to France during the first Partition of Luxembourg, along
14087532
Aston, Ariège


The inhabitants of the commune are known as "Astonnais" or "Astonnaises". Aston is located some 90 km west of Perpignan and 30 km south of Foix. It is located high in the Pyrenees with its southern border the border between France and Andorra. Access to the commune is solely by a local road from Les Cabannes in the north to the village which lies at the northern tip of the commune. The D522 road from Les Cabannes passes down the eastern border of the commune in a tortuous route which terminates at
14438537
Province of Huesca


Huesca (, ), officially Huesca/Uesca, is a province of northeastern Spain, in northern Aragon. The capital is Huesca. Positioned just south of the central Pyrenees, Huesca borders France and the French Departments of Pyrénées-Atlantiques and Hautes-Pyrénées. Within Spain, Huesca's neighboring provinces are Navarre, Zaragoza and Lleida. Covering a primarily mountainous area of km², the province of Huesca has a total population of in 2018, with almost a quarter of its people living in the capital city of Huesca. The
13963489
Couserans


Couserans (; Gascon: "Coserans" ) is a small former province of France located in the Pyrenees mountains. Today Couserans makes up the western half of the Ariège "département", around the towns of Saint-Girons and Saint-Lizier. A small part of Couserans is also in the extreme south of Haute-Garonne, just across the border from Ariège. Couserans has a land area of 1,162 km² (449 sq. miles). At the 1999 census there were 21,260 inhabitants on the territory of the former province
5734644
Army of the Eastern Pyrenees


of the Eastern Pyrenees" was responsible for all territory between the Rhône and the upper Garonne Rivers while the "Army of the Western Pyrenees" defended territory between the upper Garonne and the Gironde estuary. At the start of the War of the Pyrenees, Servan went to Bayonne in the west, assigning Mathieu Henri Marchant de La Houlière to take charge at Perpignan in the east. At first the war went badly for France. A Spanish column of 4,500 soldiers under Captain General Antonio Ricardos invaded France on 17 April 1793, driving
4830686
List of mountain passes and hills in the Tour de France


and Peyragudes (stage 17). The Col du Grand Colombier was included for the first time, and was among six Hors catégorie rated climbs in the Alps and Pyrenees. The 2013 Tour de France included 28 climbs ranked Category 2 or higher of which seven were Hors catégorie climbs, eight Category 1 and thirteen were Second Category. There were four "mountain top" finishes: at Ax-3 Domaines in the Pyrenees, Mont Ventoux in Provence, and Alpe d'Huez and Annecy-Semnoz in the Alps. Alpe d'Huez was used twice
3020506
Outline of Andorra


The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Andorra: Principality of Andorra – small landlocked sovereign country located in the eastern Pyrenees Mountains of Southern Europe and bordered by Spain and France. Once isolated, it is currently a prosperous country mainly because of tourism and its status as a tax haven. The people of Andorra are currently listed as having the highest human life expectancies on Earth, at an average of 83.5 years at birth (2007 est). Geography of Andorra Environment of Andorra Administrative divisions of Andorra
13506678
GR 10 (France)


The GR 10 is a French GR footpath, or hiking trail, that runs the length of the Pyrenees Mountains. It roughly parallels the French–Spanish border on the French side. Those attempting the entire trail often choose to walk it from west to east, from Hendaye on the Bay of Biscay to Banyuls-sur-Mer on the Mediterranean Sea, but it can just as easily be traversed east to west. Hiking the entire route is estimated to take around 52 days for hikers who are in good shape and used
15908267
Battle of the Black Mountain


), a port in Catalonia. During 1793, the Spanish army won victories at the Siege of Bellegarde and the Battle of Truillas. These battles and other actions resulted in Spanish forces overrunning part of Roussillon, where France borders Spain on the Mediterranean Sea. On 16 January 1794, General of Division Jacques François Dugommier took command of the Army of the Eastern Pyrenees. The victor in the Siege of Toulon immediately reorganized the army, putting it into a state where it would be capable of taking the offensive. The new general
1658709