ambergris used in the manufacture of perfumes comes from what part of whales
Amber


and patented to emulate the opulent golden warmth of the fossil. The modern name for amber is thought to come from the Arabic word, ambar, meaning ambergris. Ambergris is the waxy aromatic substance created in the intestines of sperm whales and was used in making perfumes both in ancient times as well as modern. The scent of amber was originally derived from emulating the scent of ambergris and/or the plant resin labdanum, but due to the endangered species status of the sperm whale the scent of amber is now largely derived from labdanum.
1341630
Ambergris


the relatively scentless ambrein through oxidation produces ambroxan and ambrinol, the main odor components of ambergris. Ambroxan is now produced synthetically and used extensively in the perfume industry. Ambergris has been mostly known for its use in creating perfume and fragrance much like musk. Perfumes can still be found with ambergris around the world. It is collected from remains found at sea and on beaches, although its precursor originates from the sperm whale, which is a vulnerable species. Ambergris has historically been used in food and drink. A serving of eggs
1593045
Ambergris


bowels of a sick whale." In "A Romance of Perfume Lands or the Search for Capt. Jacob Cole", F. S. Clifford, October 1881, the last chapter concerns one of the novel's characters discovering an area of a remote island which contains large amounts of ambergris. He hopes to use this knowledge to help make his fortune in the manufacture of perfumes. In Chapter 17 of William Dampier's "A New Voyage Around the World" (1697), Dampier escapes to Nicobar Island for "a prospect
1593051
Ambergris Cay


island was named for ambergris, a waxy substance that migrating sperm whales regurgitate and is prized as a fixative for perfume and cosmetic products. Ambergris used to wash up along the of island's shoreline but is rarely found on the island today. Ambergris Cay is known for its turquoise and shallow waters. It is surrounded by sandbanks and coral reefs. To the east of the island, the water deepens as part of the Turks Island Passage. Ambergris Cay has been a private island since 1811 and is today managed by Turks and
8759049
Whale


which was used as lamp fuel and a lubricant, baleen or whalebone, which was used for items such as corsets and skirt hoops, and ambergris, which was used as a fixative for perfumes. The most successful whaling nations at this time were the Netherlands, Japan, and the United States. Commercial whaling was historically important as an industry well throughout the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Whaling was at that time a sizeable European industry with ships from Britain, France, Spain, Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany,
14933907
Sperm whaling


Sperm whaling is the hunting of these marine mammals for the oil, meat and bone that can be extracted from their bodies. Sperm whales, a large and deep-diving species, produce a waxy substance that was especially useful during the Industrial Revolution, and so they were targeted in 19th-century whaling, as exemplified in "Moby Dick". Sperm oil is no longer needed, but another unusual product, ambergris, is still valued as a perfume fixative. Although the animal is classified as a vulnerable species, aboriginal
3557666
Ambergris


fecal matter. It is speculated that an ambergris mass too large to be passed through the intestines is expelled via the mouth, leading to the reputation of ambergris as primarily coming from whale vomit. Ambergris takes years to form. Christopher Kemp, the author of "Floating Gold: A Natural (and Unnatural) History of Ambergris", says that it is only produced by sperm whales, and only by an estimated one percent of them. Ambergris is rare; once expelled by a whale, it often floats for years before
1593040
Ambergris


has been mostly replaced by synthetic ambroxan. Dogs are known to be attracted to the smell of ambergris and are therefore sometimes used by ambergris searchers. The word "ambergris" comes from the Old French "ambre gris" or "grey amber". The word "amber" comes from the same source, but it has been applied almost exclusively to fossilized tree resins from the Baltic region since the late 13th century in Europe. Ambergris is formed from a secretion of the bile duct in the intestines of the sperm whale,
1593038
Cetacea


fleets aimed at baleen whales, such as bowheads. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Dutch fleet had about 300 whaling ships with 18,000 crewmen. In the 18th and 19th centuries, baleen whales especially were hunted for their baleen, which was used as a replacement for wood, or in products requiring strength and flexibility such as corsets and crinoline skirts. In addition, the spermaceti found in the sperm whale was used as a machine lubricant and the ambergris as a material for pharmaceutical and perfume industries. In the second half
7878501
Sperm whale


waxy waste product sometimes present in its digestive system, is still highly valued as a fixative in perfumes, among other uses. Beachcombers look out for ambergris as flotsam. Sperm whaling was a major industry in the 19th century, immortalised in the novel "Moby-Dick". The species is protected by the International Whaling Commission moratorium, and is listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The name "sperm whale" is a truncation of "spermaceti whale". Spermaceti, originally mistakenly identified as the
12410941
Ambergris


Ambergris ( or , , ), "ambergrease", or "grey amber", is a solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish colour produced in the digestive system of sperm whales. Freshly produced ambergris has a marine, fecal odor. However, it acquires a sweet, earthy scent as it ages, commonly likened to the fragrance of rubbing alcohol without the vaporous chemical astringency. Ambergris has been very highly valued by perfumers as a fixative that allows the scent to last much longer, although it
1593037
Ambergris


, nearly 50,000 whales, including sperm whales, were killed each year. Throughout the 1800s, "millions of whales were killed for their oil, whalebone, and ambergris" to fuel profits, and they soon became endangered as a species as a result. Due to studies showing that the whale populations were being threatened, the International Whaling Commission instituted a moratorium on commercial whaling in 1982. Although ambergris is not harvested from whales, many countries also ban the trade of ambergris as part of the more general ban on the hunting
1593048
Ambergris (Bob's Burgers)


, Tina researches on the lump, discovering that it is a piece of ambergris—a substance excreted by sperm whales and highly valued by perfumers—and can sell for up to $30,000. Despite the selling of ambergris being prohibited by law, Louise hatches a plan and conspires with her siblings to sell the ambergris on the black market with the help of ex-bank robber Mickey, who now works at the Wonder Wharf. Felix returns and excitedly announces his plan to completely renovate the bathroom and host an elaborate unveiling party
19447357
Ambergris


making landfall. The very small chance of finding ambergris, and the legal ambiguity involved led perfume makers away from ambergris and led chemists on a quest to find viable alternatives. Ambergris is primarily found in the Atlantic Ocean and on the coasts of South Africa, Brazil, Madagascar, the East Indies, The Maldives, China, Japan, India, Australia, New Zealand, and the Molucca Islands. Most commercially collected ambergris comes from the Bahamas in the Atlantic, particularly New Providence. Fossilised ambergris from 1.75 million years ago has
1593041
Alexander Champion (businessman)


. Ambergris is a waxy substance secreted by the sperm whale used in making perfumes. In his whaling exploits he was often referred to together with his brother Benjamin. In the 1780s he was recorded as living at 3, Great Winchester Street, London. Alexander Champion was a London alderman. He was also one of the directors of the Bank of England, and of the London Dock Company. Alexander died on 6 April 1809 at his house on Battersea-rise, Surrey, after two days illness, having been taken ill
13174654
Ambergris


and exploitation of whales. Urine, faeces and ambergris (that has been naturally excreted by a sperm whale) are waste products not considered parts or derivatives of a CITES species and are therefore not covered by the provisions of the Convention. Illegal Legal During part 4, "Panacea", of the song "The Fountain of Lamneth" by Rush, the narrator catches the scent of ambergris. In chapter 91 of Herman Melville's "Moby-Dick" (1851), Stubb, one of the mates of the "
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Ambergris


point of contention. In the "Batman" episode "Louie's Lethal Lilac Time" (), Louie the Lilac steals a large piece of ambergris from Bruce Wayne and Dick Grayson, to use in his illegal perfume factory. In "The Sixth Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor" in "The Arabian Nights" by Sir Richard Burton, Sinbad finds vast quantities of Ambergris after being shipwrecked on an unknown island after setting sail from Bassorāh. Season 5, Episode 10 of Tales from the Crypt is entitled "Forever Ambergris,
1593054
Shriek: An Afterword


Shriek: An Afterword is a fantasy novel by American writer Jeff VanderMeer. Published in 2006, "Shriek" is set in the fictional city of Ambergris, a recurring setting in VanderMeer's work. The novel was written over a period of eight years, owing in part to what the author said, "[some scenes that are] very personal." Ambergris, named for "the most secret and valued part of the whale", is a fantastical urban milieu, explicitly modern and apparently pre-industrial (despite
17473424
Alexander Champion (businessman)


Alexander Champion and others, were examined regarding the southern whale-fishery. They were asked whether they had any reason to believe that great quantities of Spermaceti whales might be found east of the Cape, and they replied: “Yes, we have very good information from captains and mates of East Indiamen." In proof of it they produced ‘quantities of ambergris which is part of the dung of the whales.’ This is a quaint way of expressing the nature of ambergris which is worth more than its weight in gold
13174653
Ambergris


and can be found floating on the sea or washed up on the coast. It is also sometimes found in the abdomens of dead sperm whales. Because the beaks of giant squids have been discovered within lumps of ambergris, scientists have theorized that the substance is produced by the whale's gastrointestinal tract to ease the passage of hard, sharp objects that it may have eaten. The sperm whale usually vomits these, but if one travels further down the gut, it will be covered in ambergris. Ambergris is usually passed in the
1593039
Ambergris


actor Robert Shaw) find large pieces of ambergris at sea and on a beach, discoveries that lead to quarrels and death due to "whale gold fever." The plot of "The Avengers" 1963 episode "Killer Whale" revolves around an ambergris smuggling operation. The 1969 book "The Lost Ones" by Ian Cameron, later made into Disney's 1974 film "The Island at the Top of the World" depicts a dirigible trip to the 'Whale Graveyard' where they find so much ambergris that it becomes a
1593053
Ambergris


for scenting cigarettes. The ancient Chinese called the substance "dragon's spittle fragrance". During the Black Death in Europe, people believed that carrying a ball of ambergris could help prevent them from getting the plague. This was because the fragrance covered the smell of the air which was believed to be a cause of plague. During the Middle Ages, Europeans used ambergris as a medication for headaches, colds, epilepsy, and other ailments. From the 18th to the mid-19th century, the whaling industry prospered. By some reports
1593047
Incense offering in rabbinic literature


ambergris, or what is called in the Arabic tongue "al-ʻanbar". Although ambergris is produced in the digestive tract of the sperm whale ("Physeter catodon"; "P. macrocephalus"), it was believed by the ancients of Israel to be derived from a "sea-creature" which fed on an underwater aromatic tree, and which later it expectorated and was washed ashore. According to Al-Fasi’s medieval Judeo-Arabic dictionary, this very tree in the midst of the sea was called "al-ʻanbar"
18262632
City of Saints and Madmen


City of Saints and Madmen: The Book of Ambergris is a collection of fantasy short stories by American writer Jeff VanderMeer, set in the fictional metropolis of Ambergris. The setting was further explored in the novels "" (2006) and "Finch" (2009). The stories of "City of Saints and Madmen" are set in Ambergris, an urban sprawl named for "the most secret and valued part of the whale" and populated by humans after its original inhabitants—a race of mushroom-like humanoids known
1013866
Sperm whale


mammal, followed only by Cuvier's beaked whale. The sperm whale uses echolocation and vocalization as loud as 230 decibels (re 1 µPa m) underwater. It has the largest brain on Earth, more than five times heavier than a human's. Sperm whales can live for more than 60 years. Spermaceti (sperm oil), from which the whale derives its name, was a prime target of the whaling industry, and was sought after for use in oil lamps, lubricants, and candles. Ambergris, a solid
12410940
Incense offering in rabbinic literature


which is washed ashore and used in perfumery. His opinion, however, is rejected by the fact that we find a 6th-century Greek reference to the use of ambergris, under the name of “"ambra".” See: Aëtius of Amida (502-575 CE), "Tetrabiblos: Sixteen Books on Medicine", I.131. Ambergris figures largely in ancient records mentioning fragrances used in making perfumes and in burning incense. The most trustworthy tradition, that of Maimonides', avers that the Jordan amber was
18262631
Mocha Dick


by harpooners. When agitated he would sound and then breach so aggressively that his entire body would sometimes come completely out of the water. In Reynolds' account, Mocha Dick was killed in 1838, after he appeared to come to the aid of a distraught cow whose calf had just been slain by the whalers. His body was 70 feet long and yielded 100 barrels of oil, along with some ambergris—a substance used in the making of perfumes and at times worth more per ounce than gold. He also had nineteen
5537034
Lord Hawkesbury (1787 ship)


tuns of sperm oil and reportedly "the first parcel of ambergris 'by any English whaler'". 3rd whaling voyage (1789–1790): Captain Joshua Coffin sailed from England on 15 October 1789. He hunted whales in the Atlantic and returned to England on 6 December 1790. "Lord Hawkesbury" brought 76 tons sperm oil and headmatter, and 360 ounces of ambergris, which sold at £19 6s per ounce. 4th whaling voyage (1791–1792): Captain Barnabas Gardner sailed from England on 16 February 1791. He too
3942410
Synthetic musk


Synthetic musks, known as white musks in the perfume industry, are a class of synthetic aroma compounds to emulate the scent of deer musk and other animal musks (ambergris, castoreum and civet). Synthetic musks have a clean, smooth and sweet scent lacking the fecal notes of animal musks. They are used as flavorings and fixatives in cosmetics, detergents, perfumes and foods, supplying the base note of many perfume formulas. Most musk fragrance used in perfumery today is synthetic. Synthetic musks in a narrower sense are chemicals modeled
4106846
Whale feces


the digestive system of sperm whales produces ambergris, a solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish color which can be found floating on the sea or washed up on the coast. Whales excrete plumes of liquid feces which are flocculent in nature, "i.e.", consisting of "a loose aggregation of particles, fluffy or woolly in nature". The feces may contain undigested hard objects such as the beaks of squids. The feces may be ejected underwater but comes to the surface where it floats until it
15945718
Pygmy sperm whale


to "K. breviceps" have been recovered from Miocene deposits in Italy, as well as from Japan and southern Africa. Pygmy sperm whales have never been hunted on a wide scale. Land-based whalers have hunted them from Indonesia, Japan, and the Lesser Antilles. This species was impacted by whaling in the 18th and 19th centuries, as sperm whales were especially sought after by whalers for their sperm oil, produced by the spermaceti organ. The oil was used to fuel kerosene lamps. Ambergris, a waste product produced
11093459
Ambergris


of advancing a profitable trade for ambergris...and of gaining a considerable fortune..." In “The Case of Smelly Nellie” from "Encyclopedia Brown Tracks Them Down" (1971), the case revolves around Bugs Meany and the Tigers stealing fifty pounds of ambergris from Smelly Nellie by claiming they found it on the ocean floor and rolling it onto the beach. In the 1956 episode "Whale Gold" of the British television series "The Buccaneers", a crew of eighteenth-century pirates led by Captain Dan Tempest (
1593052
Pygmy sperm whale


by the whales, was also valuable to whalers as it was used by humans in cosmetics and perfume. They were not as heavily hunted as its larger counterpart Physeter macrocephalus, the sperm whale, which are typically 120,000 lbs and thus preferred by whalers. The pygmy sperms whale is also rather inactive and slow rising when coming to the surface and as such did not bring much attention to themselves. However, they were easy targets, as they tended to swim slowly and lie motionless at the surface. Individuals have also been recorded
11093460
List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z)


, the only illegal thing he has done so far was against the Whaling ship. Freddy slides down the wrong way, hits his head on the deck, and knocks himself out. The Whale Master decides to tie him up and gag him, even though there is nobody else around. The Whale Master decides to brag to him about his achievement, by capturing all Whales on Earth he's cornered the Market on Whales. Already the price of Whale Oil has become high, and the Whale Master thinks ambergris, used in
15768123
Mandy Aftel


"sheer delight" in the material and her "irreverent sensibility." "Essence and Alchemy: A Book of Perfume" has been translated into seven languages, won the 2001 Sense of Smell Institute's Richard B. Solomon Award, and has helped pioneer the trend toward using natural ingredients. Aftel's 2005 book "Scents and Sensibilities" guides the reader through the history and creation of solid perfume. "Fragrant", published in 2014, is organized around five ingredients: cinnamon, frankincense, ambergris, jasmine and mint.
20100656
Jacques Guerlain


indeed he used opoponax in most of his formulae, sometimes in mere trace quantities - imperceptible in and of itself though lending to the overall texture of the perfume. His base notes often consisted of strong artificial musks (musk ketone, musk ambrette, musk xylene), which he favored greatly. As to ambergris, according to a supplier, Guerlain would say, ""You sell this product at a shameful price; it smells of almost nothing, but my clients stop liking my perfumes when I put none in."
12631489
Black Phoenix Alchemy Lab


Black Phoenix Alchemy Lab, also known as BPAL, is an online retailer of perfumes. BPAL is owned by Elizabeth Moriarty Barrial and Brian Constantine, and is based in Los Angeles. Black Phoenix Alchemy Lab does not test their products on animals. Their perfume oils are blended by hand, using sustainably sourced essential oils and absolutes, with synthetics to replace substances such as civet and ambergris. With the exception of blends containing honey and beeswax and CO2 Butter Extract, the oils are vegan-friendly. The blends are inspired by
7590483
Inishkea Islands


and the north islanders were left with just the foul smell from the station. The whale industry on the Inishkeas did not begin and end at the beginning of the 20th century. Sperm whales were a common sight off the coast during the Middle Ages and the most important product at the time to come from the sperm whale was its vomit. The vomit was hugely valuable because when it was washed ashore it had a sweet scent and was sold as perfume and medicine. It was traded in the 17th century from the coast of
3924071
Ambergris


Pequod," fools the captain of a French whaler ("Rose-bud") into abandoning the corpse of a sperm whale found floating in the sea. His plan is to recover the corpse himself in hopes that it contains ambergris. His hope proves well founded, and the "Pequod"'s crew recovers a valuable quantity of the substance. Melville devotes the following chapter to a discussion of ambergris, with special attention to the irony that "fine ladies and gentlemen should regale themselves with an essence found in the inglorious
1593050
Amber


coal seams is also called resinite, and the term ambrite is applied to that found specifically within New Zealand coal seams. The English word "amber" derives from Arabic (cognate with Middle Persian "ambar") via Middle Latin "ambar" and Middle French "ambre". The word was adopted in Middle English in the 14th century as referring to what is now known as "ambergris" ("ambre gris" or "grey amber"), a solid waxy substance derived from the sperm whale. In the
1341590
Sedna (mythology)


control over a werewhale. The crew of the Custer must create a perfume made from the ambergris of the werewhale to satisfy Sedna and have her release the curse which is causing the werewhale to rampage. A version of Sedna's origin is recounted in Dan Simmons's novel "The Terror", as part of the backstory for the novel's main antagonist, an Inuit demon called the Tuunbaq. Sedna is mentioned in Douglas Orgill's and John Gribbin's novel "The Sixth Winter": according to Inuit legend, she is
9391541
Pomander


dram each ambergris and musk were ground into a powder and kneaded with the rose-musk water from the production of the rose tablets. This produced "an aromatic ball of the most supreme perfume, and the longest-lasting that can be made anywhere in the world." In the late 16th century the pouncet box appeared which, whilst retaining the traditional features of the pomander, was designed to hold liquid perfumes, blended with powder and absorbed on a sponge or piece of cotton. It was favoured by the upper classes
12915388
Pomander


A pomander, from French "pomme d'ambre", i.e., apple of amber, is a ball made for perfumes, such as ambergris (whence the name), musk, or civet. The pomander was worn or carried in a vase, also known by the same name, as a protection against infection in times of pestilence or merely as a useful article to modify bad smells. The globular cases which contained the pomanders were hung from a neck-chain or belt, or attached to the girdle, and were usually
12915383
Ittar


have been used by humans for at least 1,000 years, and has a musky aroma. Ambrein, an alcohol used as a scent preservative, is extracted from ambergris. Jasmine oil, derived from Jasmine flowers, has a potent floral aroma and is a popular expensive ingredient in perfumes. For thousands of years, ittars were considered in some societies to be something that attracted angels and warded off evil spirits. Saints and spiritual aspirants would adorn themselves with these scents to assist them in their journey towards enlightenment. The different sects of
3389586
Ambergris


. When initially expelled by or removed from the whale, the fatty precursor of ambergris is pale white in colour (sometimes streaked with black), soft, with a strong fecal smell. Following months to years of photodegradation and oxidation in the ocean, this precursor gradually hardens, developing a dark grey or black colour, a crusty and waxy texture, and a peculiar odour that is at once sweet, earthy, marine, and animalic. Its smell has been generally described as a vastly richer and smoother version of isopropanol without
1593043
Ambrein


Ambrein is a triterpene alcohol that is the chief constituent of ambergris, a secretion from the digestive system of the sperm whale, and has been suggested as the possible active component producing the supposed aphrodisiac effects of ambergris. Although ambrein itself is odorless, it serves as the biological precursor for a number of aromatic derivatives such as ambroxan and is thought to possess fixative properties for other oderants. It has been shown to act as an analgesic and it has been proven to increase sexual behavior in rats, providing some support for its traditional
902694
Sperm whale


sperm whales) diverged from the Physeteridae (true sperm whales) at least . Spermaceti, obtained primarily from the spermaceti organ, and sperm oil, obtained primarily from the blubber in the body, were much sought after by 18th, 19th, and 20th century whalers. These substances found a variety of commercial applications, such as candles, soap, cosmetics, machine oil, other specialised lubricants, lamp oil, pencils, crayons, leather waterproofing, rust-proofing materials and many pharmaceutical compounds. Ambergris, a solid, waxy
12411014
Sperm whaling


putty, pencils, crayons, leather waterproofing, rust-proofing materials and many pharmaceutical compounds. Two other products of the sperm whale are of economic importance. Ambergris, a solid, waxy, flammable substance produced in their digestive system, was also sought as a fixative in perfumery. The whales' teeth were carved by sailors into scrimshaw art. "Main article: History of whaling" Historically, whaling took a heavy toll on sperm whale populations. Prior to the early 18th century, sperm whales were hunted in Japan and
3557671
Sealing wax


and colouring matter (often vermilion, or red lead), but not necessarily beeswax. The proportion of chalk varied; coarser grades are used to seal wine bottles and fruit preserves, finer grades for documents. In some situations, such as large seals on public documents, beeswax was used. On occasion, sealing wax has historically been perfumed by ambergris, musk and other scents. By 1866 many colours were available: gold (using mica), blue (using smalt or verditer), black (using lamp black)
3283531
Sperm whale


of sperm whales for bioluminescent squids may also explain the presence of these light-emitting pyrosomes in the diet of the sperm whale. The sharp beak of a consumed squid lodged in the whale's intestine may lead to the production of ambergris, analogous to the production of pearls in oysters. The irritation of the intestines caused by squid beaks stimulates the secretion of this lubricant-like substance. Sperm whales are prodigious feeders and eat around 3% of their body weight per day. The total annual consumption of prey by sperm whales
12410992
2-Methylundecanal


2-Methylundecanal is an organic compound that is found naturally in kumquat peel oil. This compound smells herbaceous, orange, and ambergris-like. At high dilution it has a flavor similar to honey and nuts. It is a colorless or pale yellow liquid that is soluble in organic solvents such as ether and ethanol. It is used as a fragrance component in soaps, detergents, and perfumes. The first synthesis of 2-methylundecanal was recorded by Georges Darzens in 1904 from methyl nonyl ketone and ethyl chloroacetate. This method of synthesis can be
14281564
History of perfume


cultures such as the Arabs and Persians had wider access to a wide array of spices, resins, herbs, precious woods, herbs and animal fragrance materials such as ambergris and musk. In addition to trading, many of the flowers and herbs used in perfumery were cultivated by the Muslims — rose and jasmine were native to the region, and many other plants (i.e.: bitter orange and other citrus trees, all of which imported from China and southeast Asia) could be successfully cultivated in the Middle East, and are to
9607770
Perfume


essential oils", and "tinctures" are directly used to formulate perfumes. Products from different extraction methods are known under different names even though their starting materials are the same. For instance, orange blossoms from "Citrus aurantium" that have undergone solvent extraction produces "orange blossom absolute" but that which have been steam distilled is known as "neroli oil". Perfume compositions are an important part of many industries ranging from the luxury goods sectors, food services industries, to manufacturers of various household chemicals. The purpose of
12191438
Onycha


of honey or ambergris with a hint of sweet leather. Mendes writes that at one point Rabban Simeon, the son of Gamliel, seems to indicate that one of the reasons wine was used was to make onycha become hard, which would seem to suggest that onycha was not a preexistingly hard mollusk shell, but that onycha was a soft resinous material such as is labdanum. Herodotus affirms that it was much used by the Arabians in perfumes. According to Pliny the Elder (23 - 79 CE), who mentions its fragrant
7303734
HMS Indian (1805)


—July 1824 she was off the coast of Japan, reportedly with 450 barrels. In September she was at Timor with 600 barrels. She returned to Britain on 9 November 1825 with 500 casks of whale oil and one cask of ambergris. "Lloyd's Register" for 1825, gave her master's name as J. Gibson, and her burthen was given as 385 tons (bm). This figure of 385 tons is the one that the database of whaling voyages uses. For "Indian"s fourth voyage, Samuel Swain became
9648652
Ambergris


and ambergris was reportedly King Charles II of England's favorite dish. A recipe for Rum Shrub liqueur from the mid 19th century called for ambergris to be added to rum, almonds, cloves, cassia, and the peel of oranges in making a cocktail from The English and Australian Cookery Book. It has been used as a flavoring agent in Turkish coffee and in hot chocolate in 18th century Europe. The substance is considered an aphrodisiac in some cultures. Ancient Egyptians burned ambergris as incense, while in modern Egypt ambergris is used
1593046
Shalimar (perfume)


Jean-Paul Guerlain. As of 2017, Shalimar was Guerlain's second best selling fragrance, behind La Petite Robe Noire, with approximately 108 bottles being sold every hour. The fragrance contains notes of bergamot, lemon, iris, jasmine, rose, patchouli, vetiver, opopanax, tonka bean, frankincense, sandalwood, musk, civet, ambergris, leather, and vanilla. It is considered to be an Oriental perfume (see Fragrance Wheel). Illustrator Lyse Darcy created many illustrated ads for Guerlain products, including Shalimar,
18554768
Piesse and Lubin


associated with Pierre Francois Lubin of the Parfum Lubin. Piesse and Lubin created a great number of perfumes, including: Ambergris 1873, Hungary Water 1873, Kiss Me Quick 1873, Bouquet Opoponax 1875, The Flower of the Day 1875, White Rose 1875, Frangipanni 1880. Kisses 1880, Myrtle 1880, Frolic 1894, Musk-Deer 1900, Ribon de Bruges 1900, Vashti 1900, Opusaya 1901. In an 1862 International exhibition, the company presented scents including 'Perfumes of Paradise', 'Flowers of Scotland' and
19469032
Hei matau


carve in whale bone must use a combination of ancient standings or pre-existing supplies, or bones from whales that have recently beached. According to New Zealand tradition and law, Māori have first claim on part of the skeletons of any whales which strand and cannot be refloated. This is, however, a very limited supply. Manufacturers in China mass-produce items resembling "hei matau" for sale on the New Zealand tourist market. These are usually made of a paste of bone and resin. Such manufacturers have
10962803
Fixative (perfumery)


A fixative is used to equalize the vapor pressures, and thus the volatilities, of the raw materials in a perfume oil, as well as to increase the tenacity. Natural fixatives are resinoids (benzoin, labdanum, myrrh, olibanum, storax, tolu balsam) and animal products (ambergris, castoreum, musk, and civet). Synthetic fixatives include substances of low volatility (diphenylmethane, cyclopentadecanolide, ambroxide, benzyl salicylate) and virtually odorless solvents with very low vapor pressures (benzyl benzoate, diethyl phthalate, triethyl citrate)
14117857
Tetramethyl acetyloctahydronaphthalenes


Tetramethyl acetyloctahydronaphthalenes (International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) name) is a synthetic ketone fragrance also known as OTNE (Chemical abbreviation name for Octahydrotetramethyl Acetophenone) and by other commercial trade names such as: Iso E Super, Iso Gamma Super, Anthamber, Amber Fleur, Boisvelone, Iso Ambois, Amberlan, Iso Velvetone, Orbitone, Amberonne. It is a synthetic woody odorant and is used as a fragrance ingredient in perfumes, laundry products and cosmetics. OTNE has a woody, floral, ambergris odour. Its odour is
6311912
Battle of Flores (1592)


chests filled with jewels and pearls, gold and silver coins, ambergris, bolts of the highest-quality cloth, fine tapestries, 425 tons of pepper, 45 tons of cloves, 35 tons of cinnamon, 3 tons of mace and 3 of nutmeg, 2.5 tons of benjamin (a highly aromatic balsamic resin used for perfumes and medicines), 25 tons of the precious red dye cochineal and 15 tons of ebony. An inventory was taken: "Madre de Deus" entered Dartmouth harbor on 7 September, towering over the
8737401
Head spade


A head spade is an instrument used in whaling. Its name comes from being a spade specialized for cutting off the head a whale by chopping through the vertebrae at the base of the skull, though it is also used for cutting up other parts of the whale. It is the heaviest spade used in the process of taking apart the whale. Its full length, including the pole, is approximately 1 metre or 3.5 feet. A head spade can be used for either thrusting (like a spear) or cutting (like
15539523
Ambergris


animated television program "Bob's Burgers", a lump of ambergris found on the beach plays an important role, as Louise, Tina, and Gene attempt to sell the ambergris illegally for $30,000. The 2018 episode "Quartet" of "Endeavour" featured ambergris ("worth more than its weight in gold") being used as a way to pay enemy agents during the Cold War. The 2018 episode "Ambergris" of "Parfum" featured ambergris ("costs 50,000 euros per kilo") being used as
1593057
Whaling in Australia


for provisions, men and repairs. They also tried whaling off the coast of Tasmania. A factory ship reached Tasmania in January 1912 and took 1,599 barrels of oil off the coast. Another factory ship took just 480 barrels of oil off the coast of Australia but found a single piece of ambergris that weighed 1,003 lbs, the largest ever recorded till that time, which sold in London for £23,000. By 1956 there were six whaling stations operating in Australia. Three were in Western Australia, at Frenchman’s Bay, Point
14261345
Kannauj Perfume


background and Kannauj had perfume trading for thousands of years. Due to the key role of perfume production in Kannauj, the city is known as "the perfume capital of India" and "Kannauj is to India what Grasse is to France". An expert in the region says, ""Kannauj has been the perfumery town of the country for thousands of years"". The attar manufacture skill passed through generation to generation. When a craftsman explains about their family involvement in this industry, he says "My family has
19917740
History of perfume


's personal perfumer, Rene le Florentin. His laboratory was connected with her apartments by a secret passageway, so that no formulas could be stolen en route. France quickly became the European center of perfume and cosmetic manufacture. Cultivation of flowers for their perfume essence, which had begun in the 14th century, grew into a major industry in the south of France mainly in Grasse now considered the world capital of perfume. During the Renaissance period, perfumes were used primarily by royalty and the wealthy to mask body odors resulting from the
9607778
Ambergris


and ambergris and all the gems of Araby", indicating the relative rarity and considerable value of ambergris during the Age of Sail. Ambergris plays a prominent role in the plot of the 2003 "Futurama" episode "Three Hundred Big Boys." The episode guest-stars Roseanne Barr, who appears as a hologram of herself, reading the dictionary definition of "ambergris." In The 2007 film adaption of "", Beadle Bamford claims he uses ambergris as a cologne. In the 2014 episode "Ambergris" of the
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Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary


. Scientists have only been able to speculate as to why they do this, theories include using the motion to knock barnacles off, show of dominance, mark personal space etc. There is generally a lot action when there are groupings of males, anywhere from two to ten whales, that come together in what's known as a competition pod. In these groupings the males are showing off and sometimes fighting over the position of being a females escort for the season. Many times the whales will use their pectoral fins and flukes
17975473
Solid perfume


Solid perfumes or cream perfumes are perfumes in solid state rather than the liquid mix of alcohol (ethanol) and water used in eau de parfum, eau de toilette, eau de cologne, etc. Normally the substance that gives the cream its base comes from a type of wax that is initially melted. Once melted, a scent or several scents may be added. Solid perfume is used either by rubbing a finger or dipping a cotton swab against it and then onto the skin. Sometimes solid perfume can take more time for
20458757
Perfume


European centers of perfume and cosmetics manufacture. Cultivation of flowers for their perfume essence, which had begun in the 14th century, grew into a major industry in the south of France. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, perfumes were used primarily by the wealthy to mask body odors resulting from infrequent bathing. In 1693, Italian barber Giovanni Paolo Feminis created a perfume water called Aqua Admirabilis, today best known as eau de cologne; his nephew Johann Maria Farina (Giovanni Maria Farina) took over the business in 1732. By
12191412
Perfume


solution can be filled into the perfume bottles. Instead of building a perfume from "ground up", many modern perfumes and colognes are made using "fragrance bases" or simply bases. Each base is essentially modular perfume that is blended from essential oils and aromatic chemicals, and formulated with a simple concept such as "fresh cut grass" or "juicy sour apple". Many of Guerlain's "Aqua Allegoria" line, with their simple fragrance concepts, are good examples of what perfume fragrance bases are like. The
12191443
Blocki


In 1904 Blocki opened a perfume showroom and laboratory on Michigan Avenue in Chicago that was regarded as one of the most up-to-date in the United States. It was also the first perfume boutique in Chicago. The Blocki perfumery became a specimen of retail display due to its extensive collection of perfumes. As part of a partnership with the Franco American Hygienic Company, Blocki also operated perfume laboratories and manufacturing facilities in San Francisco and New York. In 1909, Blocki partnered with The American Floral Perfume Co. to open a
1265517
Cushitic peoples


Cushitic speakers who had migrated into eastern Africa from the north in prehistory, and were not the darker-complexioned inhabitants described by Muslim traders on the East African coast several centuries later. They had valuable items to trade — ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoiseshell, spices, particularly cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), the most profitable spice in the trade, and perfumes (frankincense, myrrh, and ambergris) — that were exchanged for iron, wheat, cloth, and porcelains. The Horn of Africa Shell middens 125,000 years old have
10910429
Magnolia champaca


is derived in part from the essential oils of champaca flowers. The vernacular name "Joy perfume tree" comes from this. Many niche perfumers are now once again using Champaca Absolute as single note fragrances. The scent similar to the scent of this plant is said to emit by a civet in Sri Lanka, "Paradoxurus montanus". Because all the other civets are known to emit very unpleasant odours, this species is renowned to emit pleasant odour similar to this plant's scent. In its native India and Southeast Asia,
709445
Attar (caste)


The Attar are a Muslim community and caste found in the state of Maharashtra in India. This community has no connection with the Attarwala of Gujarat, other than both communities at one time having been involved in the manufacture of ittars (perfumes). The community's name comes from ittar, the Arabic word for perfume, their historical trade. According to their traditions, they were originally Hindus, and converted to Islam between 1294 and 1674; the exact circumstances are unclear. They are now found mainly in western Maharashtra, particularly
6880005
History of perfume


One of the earliest distillation of Ittar was mentioned in the Hindu Ayurvedic text "Charaka Samhita" and "Sushruta Samhita". The perfume references are part of a larger text called Brihat-Samhita written by Varāhamihira, an Indian astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer living in the city of Ujjain. He was one of the ‘nine jewels’ in the court of the Maharaja of Malwa. The perfume portion mainly deals with the manufacture of perfumes to benefit ‘royal personages and inmates of harems’. The text is written as
9607766
List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z)


the perfume industry, will be worth its weight on gold. He will be the only one on Earth selling these. He throws Freddy into a hungry Whale's mouth, hoping it will grind him up into mincemeat. Freddy thinks though the Whale cannot swallow him whole he will be torn to shreds on its gigantic teeth. But he hooks his gag on a tooth, transforms, and knocks out the Whale Master from behind while he is looking for Jr. He knocks him onto a Whale spout, and while the Whale
15768124
São Roque do Pico


By the 19th century, disease infected the vineyards of the north, devastating the wine-making culture, which slowly progressed throughout the island, until the introduction of new castes. But, meanwhile, the Sãoroquenses turned to other economic sources of growth, but specifically, concentrating on the whaling in order to supplement the fishery. This culture was an important part of the municipality, resulting in the establishment of five separate factories along the coast in order support the transformation of whales into oils, perfumes and fertilizers. Even by the
18343513
Drawing Restraint 9


and here representing ambergris, an extremely valuable organic material produced as waste by whales. Whilst they keenly examine it, the "Nisshin Maru" leaves dock in a festive cloud of coloured ribbons and excited, screaming children. In the ship's galley, the chef cleans his knives and utensils, boils shrimp and cuts blocks of grey, layered jelly into plated portions using a field emblem mould. The central strip of the top layer of each field emblem is incised in order to allow the ship's crew, to whom the
654173
History of science and technology in Africa


of king Endubis. Aksumite coins were issued in gold, silver, and bronze. The Swahili served as middlemen. They connected African goods to Asian markets and Asian goods to African markets. Their most in demand export was Ivory. They exported ambergris, gold, leopard skins, slaves, and tortoise shell. They imported pottery and glassware from Asia. They also manufactured items such as cotton, glass and shell beads. Imports and locally manufactured goods were used as trade to acquire African goods. Trade links included the Arabian Peninsula
19301886
Amber


The term "amber" is loosely used to describe a scent that is warm, musky, rich and honey-like, and also somewhat earthy. It can be synthetically created or derived from natural resins. When derived from natural resins it is most often created out of labdanum. Benzoin is usually part of the recipe. Vanilla and cloves are sometimes used to enhance the aroma. "Amber" perfumes may be created using combinations of labdanum, benzoin resin, copal (itself a type of tree resin used in incense manufacture
1341631
Stephen Dowthwaite


(now Lush). He states that police training was a major influence on his perfumery career using the systems he had learned as a policeman and applying them to perfumery creation and manufacture. Using a fusion of this systematic approach to perfumery with computer programming wrote the perfume creation software "The Perfumer's Workbook" which generates perfume formulations from odour descriptions. In 1989, Dowthwaite moved to Bangkok, Thailand and set up agencies for Quintessence Fragrances Ltd., including training the sales staff of agents. In 1991, he set up the
11362334
Perfume


The scents in the top and middle notes are influenced by the base notes; conversely, the scents of the base notes will be altered by the types of fragrance materials used as middle notes. Manufacturers who publish perfume notes typically do so with the fragrance components presented as a "fragrance pyramid", using imaginative and abstract terms for the components listed. Grouping perfumes can never be a completely objective or final process. Many fragrances contain aspects of different families. Even a perfume designated as "single flower", however subtle,
12191428
Israel Defense Forces


type of Kosher spam made from chicken or beef that was phased out around 2008. Food historian Gil Marks has written that: "Many Israeli soldiers insist that Loof uses all the parts of the cow that the hot dog manufacturers will not accept, but no one outside of the manufacturer and the kosher supervisors actually know what is inside." The IDF possesses various foreign and domestically produced weapons and computer systems. Some gear comes from the US (with some equipment modified for IDF use) such as the M4A1 and M16 assault
18051697
The Girl's Suite and The Perfume Suite


The Girl's Suite and The Perfume Suite is an album by American pianist, composer and bandleader Duke Ellington compiling recordings from 1957 and 1961 which were released on the Columbia label in 1982. Re The Perfume Suite, as per Stanley Dance in the original album notes, "Originally premiered at Carnegie Hall on 19 December 1944, this four-part work was a deliberate attempt to dazzle a seated audience. 'The premise behind it,' Ellington wrote in Music Is My Mistress, 'was what perfume does to or for
18721476
George William Septimus Piesse


on perfume history as fact. Piesse and Wilhelm Lubin, "an elite Paris manufacturer of perfumes," co-founded Piesse and Lubin in 1855. In "Making the Synthetic Epic," Kettler wrote, "Piesse...became the premier perfumer on the London scent scene in the 1860s after the publishing of numerous works on the use of flowers for creating perfumes." Piesse and Lubin's laboratory existed at Number 2, New Bond Street in London. Piesse and Lubin created a number of popular perfumes in the late 18th
21830699
The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy


for a foreign one that English travellers had encountered in the Far East. The same recipe also calls for a variety of imported spices to flavour the pickle: "an Ounce of white or red Pepper, an Ounce of Ginger sliced, a little Mace, and a few Corns of Jamaica Pepper." There are two recipes for making chocolate, calling for costly imported ingredients like musk (an aromatic obtained from musk deer) and ambergris (a waxy substance from sperm whales), vanilla and cardamon: "The Art of
10199243
Perfumer


with the intended application of the perfume, will determine what aromatic ingredients will be used in the perfume composition. The perfumer will then go through the process of blending multiple perfume mixtures and will attempt to capture the desired feelings specified in the brief. After presenting the perfume mixtures to the customers, the perfumer may "win" the brief with their approval. They proceed to work with the customer, often with the direction provided by a panel or artistic director, which guides and edits the modifications on the composition of the perfume
13495098
Glove


1613. It was not until the 16th century that gloves reached their greatest elaboration; however, when Queen Elizabeth I set the fashion for wearing them richly embroidered and jewelled, and for putting them on and taking them off during audiences, to draw attention to her beautiful hands. The 1592 "Ditchley" portrait of her features her holding leather gloves in her left hand. In Paris, the "gantiers" became "gantiers parfumeurs", for the scented oils, musk, ambergris and civet, that perfumed leather gloves,
8046012
Ming treasure voyages


neighbours, examine and instruct your subordinates and not act recklessly or aggressively." The treasure ships had an enormous cargo comprising various products. Admiral Zheng returned to China with many kinds of tribute goods, such as silver, spices, sandalwood, precious stones, ivory, ebony, camphor, tin, deer hides, coral, kingfisher feathers, tortoise shells, gums and resin, rhinoceros horn, sapanwood and safflower (for dyes and drugs), Indian cotton cloth, and ambergris (for perfume). They even brought back
88115
Thomas Cavendish


the California coast), and Filipino crewmen, were set ashore with food and some weapons in a location where they had water and food available. Cavendish kept with him two Japanese sailors, three boys from Manila, a Portuguese traveler familiar with China, and a Spanish pilot (navigator). They loaded all the gold (about 100 troy pounds or 122,000 pesos worth) and then picked through the silks, damasks, musks (used in perfume manufacture), spices, wines, and ship's supplies for what they could
5474039
Decanoic acid


conditions. Neutralization of decanoic acid or saponification of its triglyceride esters with sodium hydroxide yields sodium decanoate, CH(CH)CONa. This salt is a component of some types of soap. Decanoic acid is used in the manufacture of esters for artificial fruit flavors and perfumes. It is also used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses. It is used in organic synthesis and industrially in the manufacture of perfumes, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes, plastics, food additives and pharmaceuticals. Decanoate ester prodrugs of various pharmaceuticals are available. Since decanoic acid
8031734
Albatross


species (like the wandering albatross), scavenged squid may be an important part of the diet. The source of these dead squid is a matter of debate; some certainly comes from squid fisheries, but in nature it primarily comes from the die-off that occurs after squid spawning and the vomit of squid-eating whales (sperm whales, pilot whales and southern bottlenose whales). The diet of other species, like the black-browed albatross or the grey-headed albatross, is rich with smaller species of squid
18149992
Economy of Haiti


oil used in high-end perfumes) comes from Haiti, and bananas, cocoa, and mangoes are important export crops. Haiti has also moved to expand to higher-end manufacturing, producing Android-based tablets and current sensors and transformers. Vulnerability to natural disasters, as well as poverty and limited access to education are among Haiti's most serious disadvantages. Two-fifths of all Haitians depend on the agriculture sector, mainly small-scale subsistence farming, and remain vulnerable to damage from frequent natural disasters, exacerbated by
13003772
Perfume organ


Sadakichi Hartmann noted in 1913, the keys of the octophone "are complementary and can be combined to harmonies as sounds to a musical chord. It is a valuable guide on a quasi scientific basis for the manufacturers of perfumery, for it is only necessary to strike a chord on the piano, and to know what odors the respective notes of the chord represent, to arrive at the suggestion for some new bouquet." Hartmann was skeptical of the value of the perfume organ for "asthetical" experiments, as "the affinity
21882464
Stephen Dowthwaite


fragrance division of Adinop Co. Ltd., the first perfume compounding facility in Thailand, using a forerunner of the ABC's of Perfumery system for creation and manufacture. From 1996 under the sponsorship of The National Science and Technology Development Agency Dowthwaite worked with Thai-China Flavors and Fragrances Co. Ltd. and Guanghouz Baihua Flavours and Fragrances Co. Ltd. as assistant director, perfumer, technical consultant and trainer. In 1998, he formed PerfumersWorld to distribute the newly launched "The Perfumer's Workbook". Due to the high demand for more information about
11362335
South Caicos


) and the Fish Cays (). South of the Ambergris Cays are Bush Cay (), Pear Cay (), Shot Cay (), White Cay (), South Rock, Whale Breaker, and Swimmer Rock (submerged), and southwest, West Sand Spit (submerged). The cays from Bush Cay to White Cay are the Seal Cays. South Rock is submerged, with a depth of less than above it. South Caicos may have been the second island sighted by Christopher Columbus. The original inhabitants
14914792
Moby-Dick


the yardarm into the sea. Queequeg dives after him and frees his mate with his sword. The "Pequod" next gams with the "Jungfrau" from Bremen. Both ships sight whales simultaneously, with the "Pequod" winning the contest. The three harpooneers dart their harpoons, and Flask delivers the mortal strike with a lance. The carcass sinks, and Queequeg barely manages to escape. The "Pequod"s next gam is with the French whaler "Bouton de Rose", whose crew is ignorant of the ambergris in the
20423671
Ambergris


its stinging harshness. In this developed condition, ambergris has a specific gravity ranging from 0.780 to 0.926. It melts at about 62 °C (143.6 °F) to a fatty, yellow resinous liquid; and at it is volatilised into a white vapour. It is soluble in ether, and in volatile and fixed oils. Ambergris is relatively nonreactive to acid. White crystals of a terpene known as ambrein can be separated from ambergris by heating raw ambergris in alcohol, then allowing the resulting solution to cool. Breakdown of
1593044