how many bulbs does a tanning bed have
Tanning lamp


self-destruction. Thus a ballast is needed to regulate the current through them. Tanning lamps are installed in a tanning bed, tanning booth, tanning canopy or free standing single bulb tanning unit. The quality of the tan (or how similar it is to a tan from the natural sun) depends upon the spectrum of the light that is generated from the lamps. High-pressure bulbs are 3 to 5 inches long and typically powered by a ballast with 250 to 2,000 watts. The most common is the 400 watt
11460787
Indoor tanning


but high-pressure bulbs also exist. The electronics systems and number of lamps affect performance, but to a lesser degree than the lamp itself. Tanning lamps are regulated separately from tanning beds in most countries, as they are the consumable portion of the system. Most tanning beds are horizontal enclosures with a bench and canopy (lid) that house long, low-pressure fluorescent bulbs (100–200 watt) under an acrylic surface. The tanner is surrounded by bulbs when the canopy is closed. Modern tanning beds emit mostly UVA
6418979
Tanning lamp


Tanning lamps (sometimes called tanning bulbs in the United States or tanning tubes in Europe) are the part of a tanning bed, booth or other tanning device which produces ultraviolet light responsible for tanning. There are hundreds of different kinds of tanning lamps most of which can be classified in two basic groups: low pressure and high pressure. Within the industry, it is common to call high-pressure units "bulbs" and low-pressure units "lamps", although there are many exceptions and not everyone follows this example
11460785
Indoor tanning


open-air beds, in which the tanner is not entirely enclosed. Tanning booths (also known as stand-up sunbeds) are vertical enclosures; the tanner stands during exposure, hanging onto straps or handrails, and is surrounded by tanning bulbs. In most models, the tanner closes a door, but there are open designs too. Some booths use the same electronics and lamps as tanning beds, but most have more lamps and are likely to use 160–200 watt lamps. They often have a maximum session of 7–15 minutes
6418984
Indoor tanning


Manhattan chain was charging $10 to $35 per session in 2016, depending on the number, strength, and type of bulbs. This is known as level 1–6 tanning; level 1 involves a basic low-pressure bed with 36 x 100-watt bulbs. Depending on the quality of the bed, it may contain a separate facial tanner, shoulder tanners, a choice of tanning levels and UVA/UVB combinations, sound system, MP3 connection, aromatherapy, air conditioning, a misting option and voice guide. There are also
6418983
Tanning lamp


operation. Most salons will replace their tanning lamps once per year, while home tanning bed owners can expect 3 to 5 years of use. This depends solely on the number of hours the lamps have been used and the rated life of the lamp, which varies from model to model. High-pressure lamps must be handled very carefully, as any oil from the skin that is left on the bulb can cause the bulb to overheat and lead to early failure. The filter glass must also be handled carefully as it is
11460805
Indoor tanning


manufacturer according to how long it takes to produce four "minimal erythema doses" (MEDs), an upper limit laid down by the FDA. An MED is the amount of UV radiation that will produce erythema (redness of the skin) within a few hours of exposure. High-pressure beds use smaller, higher-wattage quartz bulbs and emit a higher percentage of UVA. They may emit 10–15 times more UVA than the midday sun, and have a shorter maximum exposure time (typically 10–12 minutes). UVA gives
6418981
Indoor tanning


light on athletes, and developed beds that emitted 95% UVA and 5% UVB, which reduced the likelihood of burning. In 1978 Wolff's devices began selling in the United States, and the indoor tanning industry was born. The first tanning salons opened in Europe and North America in the late 1970s. Tanning lamps, also known as tanning bulbs or tanning tubes, produce the ultraviolet light in tanning devices. The performance (or output) varies widely between brands and styles. Most are low-pressure fluorescent tubes,
6418978
Tanning lamp


variety that is used as an added face tanner in the traditional tanning bed. High-pressure lamps use quartz glass, and as such do not filter UVC. Because UVC can be deadly, a special dichroic filter glass (usually purple) is required that will filter out the UVC and UVB. The goal with high-pressure tanning bulbs is to produce a high amount of UVA only. Unfiltered light from a high-pressure lamp is rich in UVC used in germicidal lamps, for water purification, but it damages human
11460788
Psoriasis


the center for psoriasis treatment; another reported 36% were doing the same thing. However, a concern with the use of commercial tanning is that tanning beds that primarily emit UVA might not effectively treat psoriasis. One study found that plaque psoriasis is responsive to erythemogenic doses of either UVA or UVB, as exposure to either can cause dissipation of psoriatic plaques. It does require more energy to reach erythemogenic dosing with UVA. UV light therapies all have risks; tanning beds are no exception, particularly in the link between UV light
13569613
The Killing Joke (novel)


. It is revealed that the light bulb in the gas chamber was broken, turning off too early, and so the gas had been turned off before it became fatal. The light bulb had not been repaired by maintenance because they were short staffed, causing Mr. Liddy to shout out the punchline of the book 'How many top-secret government technicians does it take to change a light bulb?' In the penultimate chapter of the book, it clumsily describes how Guy and Sally went to France and started a new life
16784381
Tanning lamp


TE may make a weaker lamp appear stronger by having more UVB. Furthermore, although tanning beds are rated with exposure times, tanning lamps are not because beds can vary widely as to how a given lamp affects the user, making it difficult or impossible to compare the total UV output of different low-pressure lamps. The UVB to UVA ratio percentage is considered a technologically outdated form of measuring a lamp's overall UV output and Wolff "Metric" now lists actual UVA, UVB and total UV flux powers. This is
11460803
Controversy and criticism of Jersey Shore


"The young adults on "Jersey Shore" think tanned skin is important. Some even own their own tanning bed ... It's ridiculous. I think young adults don't realize how much damage they are doing to their skin." Dr. Forman also has stated that people need to wear sunscreen every day and avoid tanning beds. Marybeth Hicks, author of the parenting book "Bringing Up Geeks", criticized Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi for stating she would change the world by installing tanning beds in every person's house during
17314611
Tan line


, skiers, snowboarders, and swimmers. One of the common uses for tanning beds is the option of tanning completely nude to reduce the appearance of tan lines. In contrast, some people prefer to have tan lines, and will wear undergarments or swimwear with the deliberate purpose of creating a sharply defined tan line. Additionally, "tanning stickers" can be purchased that attach to the skin while tanning. Common designs are a heart, Playboy bunny, and dolphins; but many different designs exist. These are typically sold on
12289305
Tanning dependence


tanning beds and at higher doses produced withdraw symptoms in frequent tanners. Better understanding of tanning dependence requires further controlled studies, especially in imaging and neurobiology. The finding that excessive tanning can lead to dependence is based upon "the observations of many dermatologists." Dermatologists tell researchers that although they advise their patients not to visit tanning beds because of the risk of melanoma, patients still do. In a 2014 literature review, researchers wrote that many people who tan excessively meet psychiatry's symptom criteria for substance abuse. In a case
3482322
Ultraviolet light therapy


lighter skin should take caution before using a tanning bed. Other issues include the UVA and UVB wavelength variable: there are many models of tanning beds, and it is highly variable among them as to what the combination of UVA and UVB wavelengths are used. UVA is primarily what tanning beds emit. UVA penetrates deeper into the skin, is less likely to cause sunburn, but increases the risk of skin cancer and melanoma. One concern is that tanning beds that primarily emit UVA cannot be effective for the treatment of psoriasis
13374431
Light Up (puzzle)


its entire row and column unless its light is blocked by a black cell. A black cell may have a number on it from 0 to 4, indicating how many bulbs must be placed adjacent to its four sides; for example, a cell with a 4 must have four bulbs around it, one on each side, and a cell with a 0 cannot have a bulb next to any of its sides. An unnumbered black cell may have any number of light bulbs adjacent to it, or none. Bulbs placed
13435848
Tanning dependence


as well as physical fitness and good health. When tanning bed became implemented the concept of tanning changed yet again. The first self tanner, Tan-Man, was introduced in 1959, and UV tanning beds started to appear in the United States in 1978. A study conducted at Pepperdine University in 2005 found that 25 percent of beach-goers showed signs of tanning addiction or tanorexia. Since the implementation of tanning beds in the United States, nearly 30 million people tan indoors every year. There have been health issues related
3482332
Indoor tanning lotion


Other commonly found ingredients include tea oil, copper (in many different chemical compounds), green tea extract and many other natural oils. Indoor tanning lotions are usually designed to only use ingredients that will not cause damage or build up on acrylic surfaces. This is because all tanning beds use 100% acrylic in their protective shields. This is one reason people should not use outdoor tanning lotion in a tanning bed, as some common ingredients such as mineral oil (common ingredient in cosmetics, including some baby oil brands) will
20930318
Ultraviolet light therapy


an alternative means of phototherapy outside of a doctor's office. Tanning beds at commercial facilities are already being used by people with psoriasis; a survey showed that 36% of patients have tried commercial tanning beds to treat their psoriasis. Tanning beds are, in fact, the most common form of phototherapy. However, there are risks to using tanning beds. Too much exposure to artificial UV light increases the risk of skin cancer. There are other side effects and risks from too much UV exposure, as well. People with
13374430
Nicola Roberts


began a stance against tanning which saw her produce and star in a BBC Three investigative documentary titled "Nicola Roberts: The Truth About Tanning" in which she revealed her own personal tanning issues and those of men and women throughout the UK who have excessively used tanning beds. She met families of those deceased from melanoma who were actively pushing for a change in law for a ban on tanning beds for under 18s which provoked Roberts to become an advocate for the ban of underage usage of tanning beds, and with the help of
12547512
Indoor tanning


addiction as "tanorexia". According to the Canadian Pediatric Society, "repeated UVR exposures, and the use of indoor tanning beds specifically, may have important systemic and behavioural consequences, including mood changes, compulsive disorders, pain and physical dependency." Commercial tanning services are banned in all states, except the Northern Territory where no salons are in operation. Private ownership of tanning beds is permitted. Brazil's National Health Surveillance Agency banned the use of tanning beds for cosmetic purposes in 2009, making that country the first to
6419011
Indoor tanning


bed and in the owners' manual, and list the original lamp that was certified for that particular tanning bed. Salon owners are required to replace the lamps with either exactly the same lamp, or a lamp that is certified by the lamp manufacturer to be. States control regulations for salons, regarding operator training, sanitization of sunbeds and eyewear, and additional warning signs. Many states also ban or regulate the use of tanning beds by minors under the age of 18. American osteopathic physician Joseph Mercola was prosecuted in 2016 by
6419017
Tanning lamp


extremely fragile by its nature. These should only be cleaned with special chemicals designed for this purpose. Operating any tanning equipment that uses high-pressure bulbs without the special filter glass is extremely dangerous, and illegal in a salon, due to the high amount of UVC generated in the bulbs. The amount of UV that is generated from a low-pressure lamp is highly dependent on the temperature in the tanning unit. As a rule, tanning lamps produce the highest amount of ultraviolet light when this temperature is between . As
11460806
Lightbulb joke


jokes tend to be derogatory in tone ("e.g.", "How many drummers..." / "Four: one to hold the light bulb and three to drink until the room spins"), the people targeted by them may take pride in the stereotypes expressed and are often themselves the jokes' originators, as in "How many Germans does it take to change a lightbulb? One." where the joke itself becomes a statement of ethnic pride. Lightbulb jokes applied to subgroups can be used to ease tensions between
15258841
Tanning dependence


to tanning trends. In 2014 most Australian states put a ban on all commercial tanning beds. It is the second nation after Brazil to impose restrictions. In 2011 over 2000 people died from skin cancer in Australia. Several European counties and American States have banned the use of tanning beds by minors. Scientists have also suspected that frequent exposure to UVs has the potential to become addictive. Researchers have found that several parts of the brain that a play a role in addiction are active when people are exposed to UV rays. In
3482333
Olfaction


posterior portion of the main olfactory bulb. Unlike in the main olfactory system, the axons that leave the accessory olfactory bulb do not project to the brain's cortex but rather to targets in the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and from there to the hypothalamus, where they may influence aggression and mating behavior. The MHC genes (known as HLA in humans) are a group of genes present in many animals and important for the immune system; in general, offspring from parents with differing MHC genes have a
6521999
Iris (plant)


I. histrioides" and "I. reticulata", flower as early as February and March. These reticulate-bulbed irises are miniatures and popular spring bulbs, being one of the first to bloom in the garden. Many of the smaller species of bulbous iris, being liable to perish from excess of moisture, should have a well-drained bed of good but porous soil made up for them, in some sunny spot, and in winter should be protected by a covering of half-decayed leaves or fresh coco-fiber.
21706558
Olfactory bulb


information from such brain areas as the amygdala, neocortex, hippocampus, locus coeruleus, and substantia nigra. Its potential functions can be placed into four non-exclusive categories: While all of these functions could theoretically arise from the olfactory bulb's circuit layout, it is unclear which, if any, of these functions are performed exclusively by the olfactory bulb. By analogy to similar parts of the brain such as the retina, many researchers have focused on how the olfactory bulb filters incoming information from receptor neurons in space, or
10172643
Indoor tanning


age 25. Exposure to UV radiation is associated with skin aging, wrinkle production, liver spots, loss of skin elasticity, erythema (reddening of the skin), sunburn, photokeratitis (snow blindness), ocular melanoma (eye cancer), and infections. Tanning beds can contain many microbes, some of which are pathogens that can cause skin infections and gastric distress. In one study in New York in 2009, the most common pathogens found on tanning beds were "Pseudomonas" spp. ("aeruginosa" and "
6419007
Ultraviolet light therapy


Ultraviolet light therapy or ultraviolet phototherapy is a form of treatment for certain skin disorders including atopic skin disorder and vitiligo when used with psoralen to form the PUVA treatment. It consists of irradiation of the patient with the UVA band of ultraviolet light (fairly closely matching the ultraviolet output from the sun), usually delivered from a fluorescent bulb specially designed to output this frequency of ultraviolet. This treatment is similar to the light from good quality solariums but differs from the mainly UVB ultraviolet band used to treat psoriasis. Tanning beds are used
13374425
Aphonopelma anax


bulk. Males tend to have longer leg spans, a smaller body, and also have bulbs on the end of their pedipalps once they reach maturity. These are used for mating. As the name suggests, the coloration of "A. anax" primarily consists of tan colors and dark shades of brown. It is similar in coloration to "Aphonopelma hentzi", another common Texas species, but is considerably darker. This species has urticating hairs like many New World tarantulas, but lacks any stridulating hairs on their chelicerae. The
9890178
Indoor tanning lotion


Indoor tanning lotions accelerate the tanning process, by promoting the production of melanin. Increasing blood flow to the skin is a proposed mechanism, which may in turn stimulate production of melanin by melanocytes. Indoor tanning lotions usually contain no sunscreen and offer no protection from the sun. However, many tanning lotions currently contain sunscreen. Unlike sunless tanning lotions, these are designed for use with an ultraviolet source such as a tanning bed or booth. Some of the active ingredients found in common tanning lotions include melanin and L-Tyrosine.
20930317
Indoor tanning


PUVA. A concern with the use of commercial tanning is that beds that primarily emit UVA may not treat psoriasis effectively. One study found that plaque psoriasis is responsive to erythemogenic doses of either UVA or UVB. It does require more energy to reach erythemogenic dosing with UVA. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), whether from the sun or tanning devices is known to be a major cause of the three main types of skin cancer: non-melanoma skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and melanoma.
6419001
Sun tanning


sun tanning lotion. In 1978, both sunscreen with an SPF 15 rating as well as tanning beds first appeared. In 2007, there were an estimated 50,000 outlets for indoor tanning; it was a five-billion-dollar industry in the United States, and had spawned an auxiliary industry for indoor tanning lotions including bronzers, intensifiers, and accelerators. Since then, the indoor tanning industry has become more constrained by health regulations. In China, darker skin is still considered by many to be the mark of the lower classes
6418938
Elephant garlic


single large clove. In their second year, this single clove then, like a normal bulb, divides into many separate cloves. While it may take an extra year, it is desirable to plant these small bulbils (several can be produced by each bulb) and the harvest increased, though delayed a year. Unlike many garlics, elephant garlic does not have to be harvested or divided each year, but can be ignored and left in the ground without much risk of rotting. The plant, if left alone, will
3568584
Aquarium lighting


bulbs come in a variety of spectra from 5000k on up to 20,000k and allow for a variety of light-hungry corals to survive under them. Many aquarists will use metal halide bulbs in conjunction with either power compact fluorescents or T5 fluorescents since halide lighting does not have the overall balanced effect of other light types. While very useful to reef aquarium keepers, halide lighting also uses a lot of electricity (150-400 watts being common) and produces copious amounts of heat. Most reef keepers mount halide bulbs at least one
8213433
Phase-out of incandescent light bulbs


many places. Many LED bulbs are not dimmable. While dimmable ones using different drivers are available, they may not work well with traditional dimmers - either the dimming range is narrow (the minimum brightness is too high) or the bulb flickers at lower brightness, or even both. The color temperature of incandescent bulbs — essentially the actual temperature of the hot filament — decreases as the voltage applied is reduced by a dimmer, and the light becomes visibly "warmer"; this does not happen with other technologies. However Philips
6558628
Qué pobres tan ricos


which they have, as well as a restaurant and a hall of events. The meeting of these two worlds is very comical. First, because the Ruizpalacios do not understand how the Menchaca live. If you have your own room with a private bathroom, the Ruizpalacios spend the night sleeping together in cabin beds and sharing a single bathroom among the more than 10 people who live in the house. Secondly, because in their life they worked and now they will have to survive in some way, learning the activities that the
1282568
Tanning dependence


Tanning dependence or Tannorexia is a syndrome where an individual appears to have a physical or psychological dependence on sunbathing or the use of ultraviolet (UV) tanning beds. Compulsive tanning may satisfy the definition of a behavioral addiction as well. Tanning dependence may have a physiological basis involving endogenous opioids. There is evidence that UV exposure produces beta-endorphin in the epidermis and conflicting evidence of this opioid being released into the blood system, a pathway to the brain. A small study also found the opioid antagonist naltrexone reduced preference for UV
3482321
Melanoma


radiation from tanning beds increases the risk of melanoma. The International Agency for Research on Cancer finds that tanning beds are "carcinogenic to humans" and that people who begin using tanning devices before the age of thirty years are 75% more likely to develop melanoma. Those who work in airplanes also appear to have an increased risk, believed to be due to greater exposure to UV. Ultraviolet UVB light (wavelengths between 315–280 nm) from the sun is absorbed by skin cell DNA and results in a type of direct DNA damage
16355361
(Who Says) You Can't Have It All


man who lost his woman. The narrator tells of the lonely scene of his bedroom alone. ""A stark naked light bulb hangs over my head, There's one lonely pillow on my double bed."" According to Jackson, it's one of his favorite songs he's written. Deborah Evans Price, of "Billboard" magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling it a "heartbreak, pure country waltz" and saying that nobody does this type of song better than Jackson. Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe
5821313
Black and Tans


not clear how many of these were regular RIC men and how many were Black and Tans or Auxiliaries. Those who returned to civilian life sometimes had problems re-integrating. At least two former Black and Tans were hanged for murder in Britain and another (Scott Cullen) wanted for murder committed suicide before the police could arrest him. Due to the ferocity of the Tans' behaviour in Ireland and the numerous war crimes they committed, feelings continue to run high regarding their actions. The term can still stir bad reactions because
4735100
Indoor tanning


, including by using tanning beds in commercial salons. Using tanning beds allows patients to access UV exposure when dermatologist-provided phototherapy is not available. A systematic review of studies, published in "Dermatology and Therapy" in 2015, noted that moderate sunlight is a treatment recommended by the American National Psoriasis Foundation, and suggested that clinicians consider UV phototherapy and tanning beds as a source of that therapy. When UV light therapy is used in combination with psoralen, an oral or topical medication, the combined therapy is referred to as
6419000
UV-B lamps


UV-B lamps are lamps that emit a spectrum of ultraviolet light with wavelengths ranging from 290–320 nanometers. This spectrum is also commonly called the biological spectrum due to the human body's sensitivity to light of such a wavelength. UV-B light does not tan the skin very much, compared to the UV-A lamps that are used in tanning beds. The main diseases that are treated with UV-B lamps are psoriasis, lichen planus and atopic dermatitis (eczema)., vitiligo (loss of skin color)
12250951
Tan Tarn How


Tan Tarn How ()) is a Singaporean playwright and senior research fellow at the Institute of Policy Studies (Singapore). His plays have been staged in Singapore and Hong Kong, and have won numerous awards. In 2011, Epigram Books published a collection of six of his plays. Tan Tarn How graduated from Peterhouse, Cambridge in 1982 with Bachelor of Arts Honours, Natural Sciences Tripos. He then obtained a Diploma in Education from the Institute of Education, Singapore, in 1984. Tan was also a recipient of a
1222427
Indoor tanning


employed 160,000 in the United States, where 10–30 million tanners visit 25,000 indoor facilities annually. In the United Kingdom, 5,350 tanning salons were in operation in 2009. From 1997 several countries and US states banned under-18s from indoor tanning. The commercial use of tanning beds was banned entirely in Brazil in 2009 and Australia in 2015. , thirteen U.S. states and one territory have banned under-18s from using them, and at least 42 states and the District of Columbia have imposed regulations, such as requiring parental consent. Indoor tanning is a
6418971
Sun tanning


is known to cause skin cancer, make skin age and wrinkle faster, mutate DNA, and impair the immune system. Frequent tanning bed use triples the risk of developing melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, according to a 2010 study. The study suggests that the melanoma risk is linked more closely to total exposure than it is to the age at which an individual first uses a tanning bed. The International Agency for Research on Cancer places the use of tanning beds in the highest cancer risk category, describing them as
6418929
Tanning Tax Repeal Act of 2015


enforces the tax: any amount paid for tanning services is subject to a 10 percent excise tax. Obamacare included 20 new or higher taxes, and the first one to go into effect was the tanning tax. The tanning tax imposes a 10 percent excise tax on all tanning bed customers in the U.S. The tax is collected in addition to state sales tax and income taxes paid by the tanning salon owner. Since 2010, roughly half of all tanning salons in the United States have closed. Approximately 100,000 jobs were lost due to
15123111
Centennial Light


bulb for the rest of its life, regardless of length. When it does go out, they have no plans for it, although "Ripley's Believe it or Not!" has requested it for their museum. The bulb's long life has been attributed to its low power, nearly continuous operation, and dedicated power supply. The bulb was officially listed in the "Guinness Book of World Records" as "the most durable light" in 1972, replacing another bulb in Fort Worth, Texas. The bulb was
10378987
List of Final Destination characters


for help and attempt to escape, but the beds overheat and burst into flames, burning them both alive. In an alternate version of "Final Destination 3", Ashlyn gets out from the tanning bed before the shelf traps her and Ashley, however is knocked out by the shelf. She later wakes up to Ashley's screams and manages to open her tanning bed, but is electrocuted along with Ashley when she tries to save the latter from the other tanning bed. Their deaths are seen again in x-ray format
13182114
Tanning lamp


be used if a bulb is broken, to prevent accidental contact or vapor exposure. Like all fluorescent lamps, low-pressure tanning lamps have a ballast to start the lamps and limit the flow of current. The plasma of excited mercury atoms inside the lamp emits ultraviolet light directly. The lamps are coated on the inside with special phosphors. Unlike high-pressure lamps, the glass that is used in low-pressure lamps filters out all UVC. Once the plasma is fully formed, the plasma strips away the outer electrons
11460790
Indoor tanning


Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to artificial tanning increases the risk of malignant melanoma and that the longer the exposure, the greater the risk, particularly in individuals exposed before the age of 30 or who have been sunburned. One study conducted among college students found that awareness of the risks of tanning beds did not deter the students from using them. Teenagers are frequent targets of tanning industry marketing, which includes offers of coupons and placing ads in high-school newspapers. Members of the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce
6419009
Indoor tanning


, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Oregon, Texas, Vermont and Washington have banned the use of tanning beds for minors under the age of 18. Other states strictly regulate indoor tanning under the age of 18, with most banning indoor tanning for persons under the age of 14 unless medically required, and some requiring the consent of a guardian for those aged 14–17. In 2010 under the Affordable Care Act, a 10% "tanning tax" was introduced,
6419015
Indoor tanning


percent in 2010 to 8.6 percent in 2013, perhaps attributable in part to a 10% "tanning tax" introduced in 2010. Attitudes toward tanning vary across states; in one study, doctors in the northeast and midwest of the country were more likely than those in the south or west to recommend tanning beds to treat vitamin D deficiency and depression. Tanning bed use is more prevalent in northern countries. In Sweden in 2001, 44% said they had used one (in a survey of 1,752 men and women aged 18–37
6418989
Zephyranthes


having the greatest potential for cold hardiness. These perennial bulbs (geophytes) tolerate many ecological niches (periodically wet soil to desert conditions), and have many ornamental characteristics. Many parts of the plant including the leaves and bulbs are considered to be toxic. The genus has been evaluated for possible medicinal properties, and the biochemically toxic compounds are classed as alkaloids. Species in the genus which are listed in this article vary in morphology. Along with floral morphology, characteristics such as bulb size, bulb tunic color, and leaf
21306040
Rabbids Go Home


three times its normal speed, while a sick patient's quarantine bed allows the cart to float and glide. Placed throughout the levels are "Collector Rabbids", with which the player can leave any stuff they have collected up to that point. The health of the Rabbids (described in-game as "ideas") is measured in light bulbs, which fry out when the Rabbids take damage and get collected to refill. At the start of the game, the Rabbids will have three light bulbs, displayed at the
7622493
Palpal bulb


species) the bulb is reduced to a single pear-shaped structure. By contrast, many members of the Entelegynae have extremely elaborate palpal bulbs, with multiple complexly shaped sclerites. Two explanations have been proposed for the pattern of palpal bulb complexity. The ancestors of all modern spiders may have had moderately complex palpal bulbs, with simpler ones evolving in the Mygalomorphae and non-entelegyne araneomorphs and more complex ones evolving in the Entelegynae. Alternatively, ancestral spiders may have had simple palpal bulbs, with parallel evolution of more complex bulbs
21323916
Ornamental bulbous plant


Many bulbs in this sense are produced by "geophytes", i.e. plants whose growing point is below ground level. However, not all bulbs in the gardening sense are produced by geophytes. For example, rhizomatous irises are included in books on ornamental bulbs, but their growing points are above ground. Many bulbs are produced by lilioid monocots, but not all lilioid monocots have bulbs. Brian Mathew says that "we just have to accept that there is no accurate term which we can use for this group of plants and we
21082351
River Swale


the typical Dales geology of Yoredale beds, alternating strata of Limestone and Gritstone. Small seams of coal, particularly around Tan Hill, have been found and worked. During the last Ice Age, the glacier that dominated the valley was responsible for broadening it and altering the course of the river around Keld and Round Howe. It was also responsible for cutting the Kisden Gorge. Retreat moraines lower in the river valley can be seen around Gunnerside and Grinton Bridge. The earliest evidence of occupation in the river valley can be dated to
3549881
Tanning lamp


skin. The contents of a high-pressure lamp are inert gas (such as argon) and mercury. There are no phosphors used, and the mercury is clearly visible if it is not in a gaseous state. During installation, even a small amount of oil from fingertips can cause the quartz envelope to fail in operation. Most commercial replacement bulbs come with a special pocket wipe, usually containing alcohol, to clean the bulb in case it is accidentally touched during installation. Because the bulb contains mercury, great care should
11460789
Drug injection


affixing the bulb to the end of the barrel, thereby allowing the bulb to operate the plunger by suction, also does work in many cases. An alternative to syringes in the 1970s was to use a glass medicine dropper, supposedly easier to manipulate with one hand. A large hairpin was used to make a hole in the skin and the dropper containing the drug (usually heroin) was inserted and the bulb squeezed, releasing it into the tissues. This method was also reported—by William S Burroughs and other sources—
13583967
Indoor tanning


which is added to the fees charged by tanning facilities; it was expected to raise $2.7 billion for health care over ten years. Tanning beds are regulated in the United States by the federal government's Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR 1040.20). This is designed to ensure that the devices adhere to a set of safety rules, with the primary focus on sunbed and lamp manufacturers regarding maximum exposure times and product equivalence. Additionally, must have a "Recommended Exposure Schedule" posted on both the front of the tanning
6419016
Addictive personality


are even more severe for high-risk age groups such as teenagers and young adults. Due to the fact that the health risks do not deter tanners from their habit, they are exhibiting self-destructive behavior that resembles the characteristics of those who suffer from substance abuse. Frequent tanners have said a primary reason why they participate in artificial tanning is to experience the "feel good" feeling tanning salons have to offer. Researchers have found that ultraviolet (UV) radiation from tanning beds offers mood-enhancing effects that act as
2757162
Controversy and criticism of Jersey Shore


her appearance on "The Jay Leno Show". Hicks has believed Polizzi could influence tweens into using tanning beds. "It's disconcerting that [she] could have any sort of influence or be a role model ... or advocate something like tanning beds that could cause cancer," she said. Hicks also criticized MTV for glorifying behaviors that she claims are dangerous, such as drinking and casual sex, for the purpose of garnering higher ratings, and believed that parents are to possess knowledge of that the show has been promoting
17314612
Thermometer


is described as having a bulb at the bottom of a sealed tube partially filled with brandy. The tube has a numbered scale. Delmedigo does not claim to have invented this instrument, nor does he name anyone else as its inventor. In about 1654 Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1610–1670), actually produced such an instrument, the first modern-style thermometer, dependent on the expansion of a liquid, and independent of air pressure. Many other scientists experimented with various liquids and designs of thermometer
12460788
Bed-making


to enable beds to be made efficiently with due care for the patient. There are different bed-making techniques, such as "hospital corners" and "mitred corners". Military recruits are often taught how to make a neat and tidy bed with hospital corners. Military personnel are expected to fold the bed very tightly, in some cases so that a coin can bounce off of it. Since 2012, many self-making beds which automatically rearrange the bedding are in development and in use. New innovations in bedding have
8129735
Indoor tanning


. There are other technical differences, or degrees of intensity, but for all practical intents, their function and safety are the same as a horizontal bed. Booths have a smaller footprint, which some commercial operators find useful. Some tanners prefer booths out of concern for hygiene, since the only shared surface is the floor. Before entering a tanning unit, the tanner usually applies indoor tanning lotion to the whole body and may use a separate facial-tanning lotion. These lotions are considerably more expensive than drugstore lotions. They
6418985
The medium is the message


the concept of "the medium is the message". A light bulb does not have content in the way that a newspaper has articles or a television has programs, yet it is a medium that has a social effect; that is, a light bulb enables people to create spaces during nighttime that would otherwise be enveloped by darkness. He describes the light bulb as a medium without any content. McLuhan states that "a light bulb creates an environment by its mere presence." Likewise, the message of a newscast about
6347222
Indoor tanning


an immediate, short-term tan by bronzing melanin in the skin, but no new melanin is formed. UVB has no immediate bronzing effect, but with a delay of 72 hours makes the skin produce new melanin, leading to tans of longer duration. UVA is less likely to cause burning or dry skin than UVB, but is associated with wrinkling and loss of elasticity because it penetrates deeper. Commercial tanning beds cost $6,000 to $30,000 as of 2006, with high-pressure beds at the high end. One
6418982
Ultraviolet light therapy


can be treated using a specific wavelength of UV delivered from a high-power LED (light-emitting diode) and can be safer than traditional systemic drugs. Phototherapy for neonatal jaundice in infants uses blue light, not UV. Phototherapy is used for many dermatologic conditions. However, the time and expense can be a burden and obstacle for many patients. For patients with psoriasis, the use of tanning beds can be beneficial. (Psoriasis is a skin condition with symptoms of red flaky skin). Commercial tanning facilities offer
13374429
Toronto School of communication theory


society in which it plays a role not by the content delivered over the medium, but by the characteristics of the medium itself. McLuhan pointed to the light bulb as a clear demonstration of this concept. A light bulb does not have content in the way that a newspaper has articles or a television has programs, yet it is a medium that has a social effect; that is, a light bulb enables people to create spaces during nighttime that would otherwise be enveloped by darkness. He describes the light bulb as a medium
12035713
Token economy


to a client just because he judges he is behaving positively, is not part of a token economy because it is not done in a systematic way. Sometimes client manuals have specifications how many tokens can be earned by each target behavior. For instance, if making the bed is a target behavior, staff and clients have to know how a well-made bed looks like: do the sheets have to be put under the mattress, cushion on top? However, often these specifications are hard to make: behavior such as
4959153
Transaction authentication number


a secret known by the bank and stored in the token or a smartcard inserted into the token. However, the TAN generated is not tied to the details of a specific transaction. Because the TAN is valid for any transaction submitted with it, it does not protect against phishing attacks where the TAN is directly used by the attacker, or against man-in-the-middle attacks. ChipTAN is a TAN scheme used by many German and Austrian banks. It is known as ChipTAN or Sm@rt-TAN in Germany and
1416419
High-CRI LED lighting


or a 1700K candlelight are more easily reproduced than more neutral white lights, such as 4800K direct sunlight, and thus usually have higher CRI ratings in alternative light sources such as CFL and LED bulbs; "warmer" light (redder) naturally renders colors less accurately. Think of how the world looks at sunset (2000K) compared to high noon (5600K). Problems have been encountered attempting to use LED lighting on film and video sets. The color spectra of LED lighting primary colors does not match
11925563
St. Tropez (self-tan brand)


. The All Parliamentary Parliament Lobbying Group*, which is being spearheaded by Sian James MP, is calling to ban all unmanned coin-operated sun beds in the UK, prevent any under 18 year old from using sun beds and introduce health and safety regulations for all sun bed shops, gyms and salons. At the 2009 Brit Awards and V Festival, St. Tropez gave performers and VIP’s the chance to experience their new ‘No Tan, Tan’ products backstage. Both events were a huge success, with over 3
10259288
'Allo 'Allo!


to Britain repeatedly fail. These are some of the main running gags of the series. As part of these plans, the Resistance have placed a radio in the bedroom of René's mother-in-law, Madame Fanny La Fan (Rose Hill), as this is the only room nobody enters unless they have to. This secret device for communication between London and the Resistance (codename ""Nighthawk"") is hidden under the bed, and incoming messages are signaled by light bulbs concealed in the bed-
2569596
Murder of Tammy Alexander


was growing out. Her hair appeared to have been dyed from blonde to brown, and her toenails were painted with coral-colored polish. She had visible tan lines from a halter top or bikini, indicating that she may have come from a region with abundant October–November sunshine, as sun tanning beds were uncommon in the 1970s and Upstate New York was not considered warm or sunny enough for such tanning during that period. There were freckles on the back of her shoulders and acne on her face and chest. The
12981744
Rosenfeld Effect


additional reasons for California's leadership in energy efficiency. One "well-designed program" the article cites is the subsidization of compact fluorescent lamps and how different methods were undertaken to make the cost drop from $25 a bulb in the 1980s to $3 a bulb in 2005, which saved a typical Californian family on average of about $1000 per year. The NRDC estimates California saves approximately $42 billion a year from just four of Rosenfeld's initiatives: the invention of DOE-2 (a computer program that builds energy analysis--$10
17221950
Neurotechnology


stem cell research have allowed researchers to ethically pursue studies in nearly every facet of the body, which includes the brain. Research has shown that while most of the brain does not regenerate and is typically a very difficult environment to foster regeneration, there are portions of the brain with regenerative capabilities (specifically the hippocampus and the olfactory bulbs). Much of the research in central nervous system regeneration is how to overcome this poor regenerative quality of the brain. It is important to note that there are therapies that improve cognition and increase
11581593
Bulb of vestibule


tissue within the clitoris and bulbs, and the absence of trabecular tissue in other genital organs, with the erectile tissue's trabecular nature allowing engorgement and expansion during sexual arousal. Ginger et al. state that although a number of texts report that they surround the vaginal opening, this does not appear to be the case and tunica albuginea does not envelop the erectile tissue of the bulb. The vestibular bulbs are homologous to the bulb of penis and the adjoining part of the corpus spongiosum of the male and consist of two elongated masses
5599317
White Dalmatian


exception of the Witch. Claire is enchanted by the fact that she can't figure out how the Dalmatian runs, and decides he must be magical. She realizes that she does not have enough room on her bed for the Dalmatian, and decides to put her Witch marionette under her bed, seeing as her strings are broken anyway. The Witch, mortified at having been cast aside, decides to put a spell on the Dalmatian. She steals all of his spots and hides them in the Forest of Fantasy. She then
9307353
List of prolific inventors


applied for nor granted, for which there is no known source. Nor does the table attempt to measure the significance of an inventor and their inventions. The significance of inventions is often not apparent until many decades after the invention has been made. For recent inventors, it is not yet possible to determine their place in history. The common symbol for inventiveness, the light bulb, is an example. The first incandescent light bulb was invented by British chemist Sir Humphry Davy in 1802. Many subsequent inventors improved Davy's invention
18260988
Olfactory bulb


glomerular layer and the mitral cell layer. The external plexiform layer contains astrocytes, interneurons and some mitral cells. It does not contain many cell bodies, rather mostly dendrites of mitral cells and GABAergic granule cells are also permeated by dendrites from neurons called mitral cells, which in turn output to the olfactory cortex. Numerous interneuron types exist in the olfactory bulb including periglomerular cells which synapse within and between glomeruli, and granule cells which synapse with mitral cells. The granule cell layer is the deepest layer in the olfactory bulb. It
10172641
Indoor tanning


importance of wearing goggles. Surveys have found a high level of non-compliance. The government has carried out bi-annual surveys of tanning facilities since 2012. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies tanning beds as "moderate risk" devices (changed in 2014 from "low risk"). It requires that devices carry a black box warning that they should not be used on the under-18s, but it has not banned their use by minors. , the California, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Hawaii
6419014
Bulb Fields


Bulb Fields, also known as Flower Beds in Holland, is an oil painting created by Vincent van Gogh in early 1883. It was donated to the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC in 1983. "Bulb Fields" was Van Gogh's first garden painting, in oil paint on canvas mounted on wood. It was made in Van Gogh's second year in The Hague. It depicts the rectangular plots of blue, yellow, pink and red hyacinths grown by a Dutch bulb merchant. The low vantage point creates a
20897207
Marshall McLuhan


as "the medium is the message". McLuhan's insight was that a medium affects the society in which it plays a role not by the content delivered over the medium, but by the characteristics of the medium itself. McLuhan pointed to the light bulb as a clear demonstration of this concept. A light bulb does not have content in the way that a newspaper has articles or a television has programs, yet it is a medium that has a social effect; that is, a light bulb enables people to create spaces
19776368
Psychrometrics


chapter on the measurement of temperature. The thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature is a thermodynamic property of a mixture of air and water vapor. The value indicated by a wet-bulb thermometer often provides an adequate approximation of the thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature. The accuracy of a simple wet-bulb thermometer depends on how fast air passes over the bulb and how well the thermometer is shielded from the radiant temperature of its surroundings. Speeds up to 5,000 ft/min (~60 mph) are best but it may be dangerous to
11536058
Phase-out of incandescent light bulbs


phase out has been referred to as "light bulb socialism". The consumer preference for light bulbs in the EU is for incandescent bulbs, with many complaining about what was described as the ugliness or the cold, flat, unnatural, dull light emanating from CFLs. Objection has also been raised to being forced to adopt CFLs. Bulk purchasing of incandescent bulbs was reported ahead of the EU lightbulb ban. Many retailers in Britain, Poland, Austria, Germany and Hungary have reported bulk purchasing, and in Germany, sales rose
6558616
Tan Kin Lian


whay his main reason for running: "Many people said they want voice, they want to be heard. I think I probably represent the person who has got ears to listen and is able to think independently." Tan thinks the role of the Elected President should be expanded and has suggested, for example, having the President's Office produce an annual report detailing the country's reserves. "I recognise that the President cannot be a second centre of power but that does not mean the President cannot do anything
423515
Fawn (colour)


Fawn is a light yellowish tan color. It is usually used in reference to clothing, soft furnishings and bedding, as well as to a dog's coat color. It occurs in varying shades, ranging between pale tan to pale fawn to dark deer-red. The first recorded use of "fawn" as a colour name in English was in 1789. The fawn coat color is found in many breeds, such as Boxers, Great Danes, and Pugs. Genetically, in most cases the color is due to the
13405735
James Bezan


of Prince Yaroslav the Wise" was awarded to Bezan on the basis of a decree by the President of Ukraine as recognition for the people who have made a historic contribution on behalf of Ukraine. Bezan's wife Kelly has survived melanoma skin cancer on a number of occasions. Bezan, who also used artificial tanning equipment, tabled a Private Member's Bill, C-497 in the 40th Canadian Parliament, to strengthen warning labelling on tanning beds on the carcinogenic risks from radiation caused by tanning equipment. In first session of the 41st Parliament
17869336
Bulbs (song)


of Morrison's songs, "Bulbs" does not have a clear story line, but in part focuses on immigration to the United States as in the lines: In an interview with Morrison, Tom Donahue said, after he had listened to "Bulbs": "You always make great noises. The other things you do in songs beside the words." In a "Stylus Magazine" review for the album "Veedon Fleece", Derek Miller says of the song: "Of course, the best and most immediately
1196992
Comedy in the Golden Age of Mexican cinema


42). In many of Tin Tan's movies he embraces the zoot suit as it becomes innate to his character such as El Rey Del Barrio( The King of the Neighborhood) El Hijo Desobediente (The Disobedient Child) and Músico, Poeta y Loco (Musician, Poet and Madman). According to Durán, Tin Tan was not a great humorist when it came to verbal speech, but he knew how to impersonate and mimic with affinity as well as caricature. His character of the pachuco always portrayed to have a
5250807
Tan (surname)


Tan, the pinyin romanization of 譚, is the 67th most common surname in China. The surname Chen ((陈/陳)) based on the various Min dialects is also Romanized as "Tan". Two origins have been suggested for the Tan surname: A study by geneticist Yuan Yida has found that people with either of the two Tan surnames are especially concentrated in Hunan Province which would tend to support these accounts. This does not mean that they are the most common surnames in that province. "Tan" is the
2150819
Tan Yunxian


Since the physician applying the moxa had to physically touch the patient, male doctors were unable to perform this treatment on women. Tan served many working women in her practice. Various accounts show Tan's conclusions of how these women often overworked themselves, thus bringing on various symptoms. Although Tan Yunxian was able to practice gynecology, pediatrics and obstetrics, her experience in other fields was limited. Tan was only able to practice medicine in the country among her friends or acquaintances. Even after she completed the book Sayings of a Female
18809280
Galileo thermometer


liquids. The composition of these liquids is not important for the functioning of the thermometer; they merely function as fixed weights and their colours are only for decoration. Once the hand-blown bulbs have been sealed, their effective densities are adjusted by means of the metal tags hanging from beneath them. Any expansion due to the temperature change of the coloured liquid and air gap inside the bulbs does not affect the operation of the thermometer, as these materials are sealed inside a glass bulb of fixed size. The clear liquid in
13936183
Leather


the hides and skins, making it suitable for a wide variety of end applications. The principal difference between raw and tanned hides is that raw hides dry out to form a hard, inflexible material that, when rewetted, will putrefy, while tanned material dries to a flexible form that does not become putrid when rewetted. Many tanning methods and materials exist. The typical process sees tanners load the hides into a drum and immerse them in a tank that contains the tanning "liquor". The hides soak while the drum slowly
18303670
Sun tanning


Sun tanning or simply tanning is the process whereby skin color is darkened or tanned. It is most often a result of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or from artificial sources, such as a tanning lamp found in indoor tanning beds. People who deliberately tan their skin by exposure to the sun engage in a passive recreational activity of sun bathing. Some people use chemical products which can produce a tanning effect without exposure to ultraviolet radiation, known as sunless tanning. Moderate exposure to direct sunlight contributes to the production
6418919
Sunless tanning


Sunless tanning, also known as UV filled tanning, self tanning, spray tanning (when applied topically), or fake tanning, refers to the effect of a suntan without the Sun. The popularity of sunless tanning has risen since the 1960s after health authorities confirmed links between UV exposure (from sunlight or tanning beds) and the incidence of skin cancer. Since sunscreen absorbs ultraviolet light and prevents it from reaching the skin, it will prevent tanning. It has been reported that sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF)
8986520