when did compuserve begin to offer internet on-line services
CompuServe


which could also be used for a personal web page; the longest-term members were allowed first choice of the new addresses. In 1998, users were offered the option of switching their mailbox to a newer system that provided POP3 access via the Internet, so that any Internet mail program could be used. Current CompuServe email addresses look like XXXXXX@cs.com for users of the CompuServe 2000 service. CompuServe has a long history offering a custom portal of the CompuServe Information Service to the airline industry. Beginning in the 1970s, CompuServe offered
1281409
CompuServe


dial-up access network in many countries, a more economical solution. With its network expansion, CompuServe also extended the marketing of its commercial services, opening branches in London and Munich. CompuServe was the first online service to offer Internet connectivity, albeit with limited access, as early as 1989 when it connected its proprietary e-mail service to allow incoming and outgoing messages to be exchanged with Internet-based e-mail addresses. In the early 1990s, CompuServe had hundreds of thousands of users visiting its thousands of moderated
1281395
CompuServe


a derivative of the AOL client and using the AOL dialup network. The previous CompuServe service offering, re-branded as "CompuServe Classic", remained available in the US and also in other countries where CompuServe 2000 was not offered, such as the UK. In Germany, CompuServe 2000 was introduced in 1999 and withdrawn in 2001 because of failure on the German market, but CompuServe Classic service remained for a while. CompuServe Germany introduced its own products for dialup and DSL internet access, and its own client software (called
1281426
CompuServe


HMI" communications protocol. For some areas of the service which did not support HMI, the older text-based interface could be used. WinCIM also allowed caching of forum messages, news articles and e-mail, so that reading and posting could be performed off-line, without incurring hourly connect costs. Previously, this was a luxury of the NavCIS, AutoSIG and TapCIS applications for power users. One of the big advantages of CIS over the Internet was that the users could purchase services and software from other CompuServe
1281399
Internet service provider


and organizations joined by direct connection to the backbone, or by arrangements through other connected companies, sometime using dialup tools such as UUCP. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1991, shortly after the introduction of the World Wide Web. During the 1980s, online service providers such as CompuServe and America On Line (AOL) began to offer limited capabilities to access the Internet, such as e-mail interchange, but full
12798915
Online service provider


Internet. The first online service used a simple text-based interface in which content was largely text only and users made choices via a command prompt. This allowed just about any computer with a modem and terminal communications program the ability to access these text-based online services. Compuserve would later offer, with the advent of the Apple Macintosh and MS Windows-based PC’s, a GUI interface program for their service. This provided a very rudimentary GUI interface. Compuserve continued to offer text-only access for those needing
16851041
CompuServe


, 1999. Wow! (styled WOW!) was an online service run by CompuServe, starting in March of 1996; closure was announced by November of the same year, to be effective the end of January 1997. Among the promised features were "the first Internet service to be offered with a monthly 'unlimited' rate ($17.95)." Software bugs, random shutdowns of the service and loss of email messages limited the service to a small, but very loyal fan base. It closed January 31,
1281416
Cubby, Inc. v. CompuServe Inc.


Cubby, Inc. v. CompuServe Inc., 776 F. Supp. 135 (S.D.N.Y. 1991) was a 1991 court decision in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York which held that Internet service providers were subject to traditional defamation law for their hosted content. The case resolved a claim of libel against CompuServe, an Internet service provider that hosted allegedly defamatory content in one of its forums. The case established a precedent for Internet service provider liability by applying defamation law, originally intended for hard copies of written works,
21334633
Hammacher Schlemmer


retailers to sell products over the Internet with CompuServe, the first major commercial online service in the United States. From 1991 to 2001, Hammacher Schlemmer offered products through SkyMall, a now-defunct specialty catalog that was inserted into the seat back pocket of many airline seats. In 1995, America Online built Hammacher Schlemmer a store on the Internet (whereas it had previously sold products online via CompuServe). By 1998 Hammacher Schlemmer launched their own website, Hammacher.com. That same year, Hammacher Schlemmer celebrated its 150th anniversary. As
2066476
Stratton Oakmont, Inc. v. Prodigy Services Co.


CompuServe Inc.", which had suggested that the courts would not consider online service providers to be publishers. In that case, the court held that CompuServe should be considered to be more like a digital library than a publisher. The important difference between CompuServe and Prodigy for the "Stratton" court was that Prodigy engaged in content screening and therefore exercised editorial control. The holding in "Stratton" was overruled in federal legislation when Congress passed Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act in 1996. As a result, Internet service providers
21334575
Byte Information Exchange


additional hourly charges, the Tymnet X.25 network. Monthly rates were initially $13/month for the account and $1/hour for X.25 access. Unlike CompuServe, access at higher speeds was not surcharged. Later, gateways permitted email communication outside the system. BIX was acquired by the Delphi online service in 1992. In the mid-1990s the Internet became more available to the masses and Usenet, mailing lists, and competing services such as CompuServe and America Online were able to offer flat-rate services, which adversely affected BIX
20186030
Cubby, Inc. v. CompuServe Inc.


disparagement, and unfair competition. CompuServe, an Internet service provider, hosted an online news forum, the contents of which were generated by a contractor. Cameron Communications, Inc. agreed to "manage, review, create, delete, edit, and otherwise control the contents" of certain forums. Cameron Communications then subcontracted the production of Rumorville USA, a daily newsletter. In April 1990, Rumorville published defamatory content about a competing online newsletter developed by Blanchard and Cubby, Inc. CompuServe did not dispute the defamatory nature of the content
21334636
CompuServe


became CEO of medical information firm HBO & Co.), Maury Cox (who became CEO after the departure of McCall), and Robert Massey (who followed Cox as CEO). In 1977, CompuServe's board changed the company's name to CompuServe Incorporated. In 1979, it began "offering a dial-up online information service to consumers." In 1980, H&R Block acquired CompuServe. AOL's entry into the PC market in 1991 marked the beginning of the end for CIS. AOL charged $2.95 an hour
1281376
The Pipeline


The Pipeline was one of the earliest American Internet service providers. It was founded in December 1993 in New York City by the science and technology writer James Gleick and computer programmer Uday Ivatury, who had met at the Manhattan Bridge Club and shared an interest in online bridge. Both men believed that a graphical user interface would make the Internet more widely accessible than the command-line Unix commands that were then generally necessary. When the Pipeline was established, the major online services of the day—America Online, CompuServe, and
3567281
CompuServe


more tightly linked to CompuServe channels. Compuserve.com currently runs a slightly trimmed-down version of the now-defunct Netscape.com Web portal, the latter of which was shut down in 2006. CompuServe announced on April 15, 2009 that CompuServe Classic would "no longer operate as an Internet Service Provider" and would close on June 30, 2009. All CompuServe Classic services, including OurWorld Web pages, were taken offline as of that date. CompuServe Classic e-mail users would be able to continue using their CompuServe e-mail
1281429
History of the Internet


as CompuServe, used X.25 to multiplex the terminal sessions into their packet-switched backbones, while others, such as Tymnet, used proprietary protocols. In 1979, CompuServe became the first service to offer electronic mail capabilities and technical support to personal computer users. The company broke new ground again in 1980 as the first to offer real-time chat with its CB Simulator. Other major dial-in networks were America Online (AOL) and Prodigy that also provided communications, content, and entertainment features. Many bulletin board system
13422592
Bulletin board system


the United States alone in 1994, a collective market much larger than major online services such as CompuServe. The introduction of inexpensive dial-up internet service and the Mosaic web browser offered ease of use and global access that BBS and online systems did not provide, and led to a rapid crash in the market starting in 1994. Over the next year, many of the leading BBS software providers went bankrupt and tens of thousands of BBSes disappeared. Today, BBSing survives largely as a nostalgic hobby in most parts of the world
3074899
Personal jurisdiction in Internet cases in the United States


any users of online services could be brought into court wherever the relevant servers happen to be located, which the court found to be an unreasonable result. Holding: remote usage of server physically located in a forum state is insufficient to establish minimum contacts. "CompuServe, Inc. v. Patterson", 89 F.3d 1257 (6th Cir. 1996). Patterson, a shareware programmer and resident of Texas, distributed and marketed his shareware through CompuServe's shareware distribution service. When Patterson accused CompuServe of trademark infringement for allegedly selling substantially similar
11556135
ExecPC BBS


ExecPC is an online service provider started in 1983 by owner Bob Mahoney as the Exec-PC BBS. It quickly grew to be one of the world's largest bulletin board systems in the 1980s and throughout the 1990s, competing with the likes of Compuserve and Prodigy. ExecPC began offering Internet access in 1994 as ExecPC Internet, and being based in New Berlin, WI, quickly grew to be the largest Internet service provider in Wisconsin. The company was sold in 1998 to Voyager.net of East Lansing, MI. After a lengthy
17792161
CompuServe, Inc. v. Patterson


CompuServe, Inc. v. Patterson was a court case heard before the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals which held that contacts and contracts negotiated through the Internet with a party in a different state were sufficient to grant personal jurisdiction in that state. In particular, the court held that Patterson's use of storage, electronic transmission of files, and advertisement through CompuServe's network in Ohio were sufficient to grant Ohio personal jurisdiction over Patterson. Richard Patterson, a resident of Texas, subscribed to CompuServe, Inc., an Internet service provider with its
16374330
Online service provider


. At the same time, they moved from usage-based billing to monthly subscriptions. Similarly, companies that paid to have AOL host their information or early online stores began to develop their own web sites, putting further stress on the economics of the online industry. Only the largest services like AOL (which later acquired CompuServe, just as CompuServe acquired The Source) were able to make the transition to the Internet-centric world. A new class of online service provider arose to provide access to the Internet, the internet
16851037
Home computer


communication software. Though it could be costly, it permitted the computer user to access services like Compuserve and private or corporate bulletin board systems to post or read messages, or to download or upload software. Some enthusiasts with computers equipped with large storage capacity and a dedicated phone line operated bulletin boards of their own. This capability anticipated the internet by nearly twenty years. Some game consoles offered "programming packs" consisting of a version of BASIC in a ROM cartridge. Atari's BASIC Programming for the Atari 2600 was one of
6860635
DragonRealms


DragonRealms is a medieval fantasy game set in the world of Elanthia. It was developed from 1992-1995 and released in February 1996. It was originally intended for an online service planned by the Ziff-Davis company. When Ziff-Davis did not launch the service, "DragonRealms" was offered on GEnie and later AOL, Compuserve, and Prodigy. After AOL and other services went to flat fees instead of an hourly rate, "DragonRealms" was offered on the web on its own site and through the Microsoft Gaming
15162419
Cubby, Inc. v. CompuServe Inc.


to the Internet medium. The court held that although CompuServe did host defamatory content on its forums, CompuServe was merely a distributor, rather than a publisher, of the content. As a distributor, CompuServe could only be held liable for defamation if it knew, or had reason to know, of the defamatory nature of the content. As CompuServe had made no effort to review the large volume of content on its forums, it could not be held liable for the defamatory content. The application of traditional defamation law to the
21334634
CompuServe


is offering a video-text-like service permitting personal computer users to retrieve software from the mainframe computer over telephone lines. The New York Times described them as "the most international of the Big Three" and noted that "it can be reached by a local phone call in more than 700 cities". CompuServe was also a world leader in other commercial services. One of these was the Financial Services group, which collected and consolidated financial data from myriad data feeds, including CompuStat, Disclosure, I/B/
1281381
CompuServe


) and AOL. In 2015, when Verizon acquired AOL, all of CompuServe's original properties were reunited under Verizon. In September 2003 CompuServe Information Service, which had become a division of AOL, added CompuServe Basic to its product lines, selling via Netscape.com. CIS was then positioned as the value market-provider for several million customers, as part of the AOL Web Products Group. Recent U.S. versions of the CompuServe client software — essentially an enhanced Web browser — used the Gecko layout engine (developed for Mozilla) within
1281425
National Videotex Network


National Videotex Network (NVN) was an online service launched in 1992 by U.S. Videotel. The service was meant to compete with similar text-based online services such as CompuServe, Delphi and GEnie. Following its competitors' business model, NVN offered basic and premium services that included national and global news and weather, research libraries and databases, online forums, and games including Island of Kesmai and MUD II. NVN was hoping to attract customers by offering Internet access and relatively low rates for access through packet switching networks. The
19760221
History of Virginia


Control Video Corporation, forerunner of America Online. While short-lived, The Source was one of the first online service providers alongside CompuServe. On hand for the launch of The Source, Isaac Asimov remarked "This is the beginning of the information age." The Source helped pave the way for future online service providers including another Virginia company founded by von Meister, America Online (AOL). AOL became the largest provider of Internet access during the Dial-up era of Internet access. AOL maintained a Virginia headquarters until
13354491
CompuServe


a customized version of its service that allows pilots and flight attendants to bid for flight schedules with their airline. CompuServe offered customized solutions to other industries as well, including a service called CompuServe for Lawyers; another was "the African-American Culture and Arts Forum." Long the largest online service provider, by 1987 CompuServe had 380,000 subscribers, compared to 320,000 at the Dow Jones News/Retrieval, 80,000 at The Source, and 70,000 at GEnie. CompuServe had 3 million worldwide users at its peak, compared to AOL
1281410
CompuServe


is much less expensive than it otherwise would have been. In 1991, CompuServe was sued for defamation in one of the early cases testing the application of traditional law on the Internet in "Cubby v. CompuServe". Although defamatory content was posted on one of its forums, CompuServe was not liable for this content because it was unaware of the content and did not exercise editorial control over the forum. A November 1993 copyright infringement lawsuit regarding "about 900 songs" was settled two years later with payment, to be divided "
1281414
Michael Tomczyk


negotiated free telecomputing services from CompuServe, The Source (online service) and Dow Jones. In 1982, the Commodore network was the largest traffic "site" on CompuServe. The Commodore Information Network has been called an early Internet style user community, before innovations in the graphic user interface brought the Internet to life. The VIC-20 was followed by the more powerful Commodore 64. These computers introduced millions of people worldwide to home computing and telecomputing, and laid the foundation for ubiquitous worldwide computing. Tomczyk's experiences are described in his
9164890
CompuServe Inc. v. Cyber Promotions, Inc.


risk", as consumers would have to wade through so much junk mail that email would no longer be efficient. In response to Cyber Promotions' first argument, Judge Graham conceded that there was, in fact, an "implied privilege" to utilize CompuServe's system to send email messages from the Internet. However, that privilege was not relevant because CompuServe's policy statement explicitly prohibited spamming. Additionally, Graham asserted that CompuServe made it clear that it did not wish to receive spam from Cyber Promotions and was installing software to
15430334
Legends of Future Past


Legends of Future Past was the first commercial text-based MUD to make the transition from a proprietary network provider (CompuServe, in this case) to the Internet. It was designed by Jon Radoff and Angela Bull. It was also notable in that it had paid Game Masters who conducted online events. The game was originally offered for $6.00 per hour in 1992 via CompuServe, and then lesser amounts via the Internet, operating until December 31, 1999. Legends introduced one of the first (if not "the"
17394359
National Cable & Telecommunications Ass'n v. Brand X Internet Services


Telecommunications Act, they pressured the FCC to declare that Internet was not a telecommunications service, which it did in 2002. With this ruling, Telephone companies could give their own in-house operations pricing advantages over outside competitors, who frequently would be offered line access at double the rate for high speed internet services on the same line. Telephone companies such as AT&T also require that customers of third party ISPs purchase AT&T branded landline services in order to provide DSL. Cable companies, on the other hand, offered no access at
10257148
CompuServe Inc. v. Cyber Promotions, Inc.


proprietary servers to send unsolicited email was an actionable trespass to chattels and granted a preliminary injunction preventing the spammer from sending unsolicited advertisements to any email address maintained by CompuServe. In 1997 the Plaintiff, CompuServe Inc., was one of the largest commercial online service providers in the United States. Similar to America Online, CompuServe provided its subscribers with access to content both within its own proprietary network as well providing a gateway, like a simple ISP, to the Internet at large. As such, one of the primary roles taken on
15430327
The Net (British TV series)


The Net was a TV series made by the BBC and shown from 1994 to 1998. It ran for four series, beginning with a premiere episode broadcast on BBC2 on 13 April 1994, produced by Stephen Arkell, edited by John Wyver, and with reportage by Rajan Datar and Susan Rae, a discussion of audio design for games by Thomas Dolby, and a 5-minute segment with IT expert Davey Winder explaining how to dial into Internet services of the time like Compuserve and CIX. The focus of the programme was primarily the Internet
13684959
Sabre (computer system)


support any sized airline. The operating system component of PARS evolved into ACP ("Airlines Control Program"), and later to TPF ("Transaction Processing Facility"). Application programs were originally written in assembly language, later in SabreTalk, a proprietary dialect of PL/I, and now in C and C++. By the 1980s, SABRE offered airline reservations through the CompuServe Information Service, and the Prodigy Internet Service GEnie under the Eaasy SABRE brand. This service was extended to America Online in the 1990s. American
13374132
MSN Dial-up


anti-virus programs. It also offers these extra features as a standalone subscription service for users of broadband Internet access named 'MSN Premium'. The concept for MSN was created by the Advanced Technology Group at Microsoft, headed by Nathan Myhrvold. MSN was originally conceived as a subscription-based dial-up online service and proprietary content provider like America Online or CompuServe. Then officially known as 'The Microsoft Network', version 1.0 of the service launched along with Windows 95 on August 24, 1995. The Microsoft Network
5140266
CompuServe Inc. v. Cyber Promotions, Inc.


by CompuServe was that of an email service provider. The Defendant, Cyber Promotions, Inc., was an online direct email marketing company, headed by founder and CEO Sanford Wallace. Cyber Promotions was "in the business of sending unsolicited e-mail advertisements [spam] on behalf of themselves and their clients to hundreds of thousands of Internet users, many of whom [were] CompuServe subscribers". As a result of these efforts (as well as others), Sanford Wallace came to be known as "Spamford" Wallace
15430328
Downloadable content


downloadable content were offerings of full games, such as on the Atari 2600's GameLine service, which allowed users to download games using a telephone line. A similar service, Sega Channel, allowed for the downloading of games to the Sega Genesis over a cable line. While the GameLine and Sega Channel services allowed for the distribution of entire titles, they did not provide downloadable content for existing titles. As the popularity and speed of internet connections rose, so did the popularity of using the internet for digital distribution of media.
17170983
Prodigy (online service)


and basic architecture as differentiation from CompuServe, which started in 1979 and used a command-line interface. By 1990 it was the second-largest (and 1993 the largest) online service provider, with 465,000 subscribers trailing only CompuServe's 600,000. Its headquarters were in White Plains, New York until 2000, when it moved to Austin, Texas. The roots of Prodigy date to 1980 when broadcaster CBS and telecommunications firm AT&T Corporation formed a joint venture named "Venture One" in Fair Lawn, New Jersey. The company
20908125
CompuServe


Gray set up CompuServe UK's operations as the European arm of the US company back in the late 1980s and later became the company's European general manager, while David Gilroy was CompuServe's UK director of customer services. The service continued to grow and offered technical support managed by Suzanne Gautier and sales managed by Colin Campbell. The service was proposed by Paul Stanfield, an independent business-to-consumer electronic commerce consultant, to Martin Turner, Product Marketing Director for CIS UK, in August 1994. Turner agreed and the
1281404
CompuServe


8.95 per month - what the New York Times called "probably the best deal." CIS' number of users grew, peaking in April 1995 at 3 million worldwide. By this point AOL had over 20 million users in the United States alone, but this was off their peak of 27 million, due to customers leaving for lower-cost offerings. By 1997 the number of users leaving all online services for dialup Internet service providers was reaching a climax. The original 1969 dial-up technology was fairly simple—the
1281378
Howard Blumenthal


Chief for a new CompuServe project, he developed the first on-line service for children, and a personal finance service for adults with Money magazine. With KidSoft (subsequently acquired by Hearst), children and parents were encouraged to explore new learning software and the emerging online environment through a magazine, a club membership, and samples of software that could be used on then-new personal computers. By the late 1990s, new media investment had shifted from the CD-ROM and online service business to internet sites. Partly
21092388
Verizon High Speed Internet


Verizon High Speed Internet is a digital subscriber line (DSL) Internet service offered by Verizon. It allows consumers to use their telephone and Internet service simultaneously over the same telephone line while benefiting from Internet connection speeds significantly faster than dial-up. This service was launched in 1998 in the North Jersey, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and Washington D.C. areas, when Verizon was Bell Atlantic. Today, this service is available in all of Verizon's service area. It was originally known as Infospeed DSL and then Verizon Online DSL until it
19709712
Cubby, Inc. v. CompuServe Inc.


Internet context was soon to create controversy in "Stratton Oakmont, Inc. v. Prodigy Services Co.", in which a service provider was found liable for defamation on the grounds of good-faith attempts to filter objectionable content. In 1996, service providers were granted immunity as publishers and distributors by Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act as an incentive to moderate posted material. Cubby, Inc. and Robert Blanchard brought suit against CompuServe Inc. in the United States District Court of the Southern District of New York in 1991 for libel, business
21334635
Personal jurisdiction in Internet cases in the United States


, and CompuServe's alleged infringement occurred in Ohio where CompuServe was based.br 3. Patterson's business contract with CompuServe should have given him notice that he might be required to answer lawsuits in Ohio. Holding: selling software through a company's online service is enough to establish minimum contacts in the state where that company is located. "Inset Systems, Inc. v. Instruction Set", 937 F.Supp. 161 (D. Conn. 1996). Here, Inset Systems claimed that Instruction Set's website made an infringing use of Inset's registered
11556137
XFONE


with prefix 017, Internet Gold in prefix 015). When the international calls segment was opened to competition in 1997, only three licenses were issued for "Gold Lines" (012), "Barak" (013) and Bezeq International (014). At the beginning of 2009, it began supplying Internet services and offered the cheapest price in the market. In 2013, XFONE was the first Israeli ISP to provide IPv6 customers with an IPv6 protocol on the site  In March 2013, XFONE was the first provider of
3559182
CompuServe


a special "military" section to help veterans and military brats, both members and non-members of the 1994-founded "Military Brats of America (MBA)" to connect. Later on, MBA established a bulletin board within the Vietnam Veterans of America's AOL portal. Before the widespread adoption of the Internet and World Wide Web, the United Kingdom's first national major-brands online shopping service was developed by the UK arm of CompuServe/CIS as part of its proprietary closed-system collection of consumer services. Andrew
1281403
Fred the Computer


left and upgraded the system to a 286. Subscriptions from readers enabled him to purchase a 19.2k modem and a second phone line for the system. Later, Fred was used to organize and display the newspaper's archive of film reviews. Along with 10 other members of the Associated Press, the "Middlesex News" in 1980 offered a digital text edition to CompuServe. The bulletin board service's subscribers could then, via dial-up, access "News" stories on their personal computers. In 1987, when the "
16766786
CompuServe


E/S as well as the price/quote feeds from the major exchanges. CompuServe developed extensive screening and reporting tools that were used by many investment banks on Wall Street. In 1979, Radio Shack marketed the residential information service MicroNET, in which home users accessed the computers during evening hours, when the CompuServe computers were otherwise idle. Its success prompted CompuServe to drop the MicroNET name in favor of its own. CompuServe's origin was approximately concurrent with that of The Source. Both services were operating in early 1979,
1281382
WinComm


WinComm was a terminal emulator program for Windows that was offered by Delrina in the mid-1990s. Seeing a growing business in online communications utilities, Delrina launched WinComm PRO. It was used primarily to connect to Bulletin Board Systems of the time, prior to the advent of the Internet. By double-clicking on an icon, the program would automatically connect to any of a number pre-defined online services, such as Delphi, Compuserve or GEnie, or to any other local BBS a user may have had defined. Delrina tried
22017378
Aviation Special Interest Group


The Aviation Special Interest Group (AVSIG) is a well known aviation message forum. It began life as a computer-bulletin board system on CompuServe Information Service before the start of the Internet proper. The organisation itself claims to be the world's oldest continually-operated online forum. It was founded by The Aviation Safety Institute's John B. Galipault (1930–93) and Sandy Trevor on the CompuServe Information Service in 1981. Forum participants represent all areas of the aviation industry, and core discussion ranges from airmanship to regulatory issues.
6374510
CompuServe, Inc. v. Patterson


headquarters in Ohio. Under the business moniker FlashPoint Development, Patterson developed a software product designed to help people navigate around the Internet. In 1991, from Texas, Patterson entered into an agreement with CompuServe in which Patterson could store, transmit, and advertise shareware files through CompuServe. Other CompuServe subscribers could purchase Patterson's software through CompuServe, and CompuServe would collect a 15% fee and pay Patterson the remaining balance. In 1993, CompuServe started marketing a software product similar to that of Patterson's with similar markings and names.
16374331
Revenue stream


. Common examples include car rentals or hardware leasing. This revenue stream also belongs to the recurring revenue model. The above-mentioned are only some of the most popular revenue streams. With the growth of the internet, companies are beginning to look for new internet based revenue streams. An example of how businesses are managing to create new revenue streams without substantial capital investment, can be found in gastronomy. Restaurant managers and planners are beginning to offer multiple lines of service as opposed to opening new restaurants. One of these services
11691177
CompuServe


had written offline, then receiving new messages, downloading requested files, and logging off CompuServe. TapCIS (The Access Program for the Compuserve Information Service) was an automated MS-DOS-based software application that sped up access to, and management of, CompuServe email accounts and forum memberships for PC users from 1981 until 2004 when advances in CompuServe technology rendered it obsolete. It was described as "archaic-looking (but) .. remains a powerful tool for accessing CompuServe forums." TapCIS was written in Borland's Turbo
1281432
Internet


communication between the NSFNET and networks in Europe was established with a low-speed satellite relay between Princeton University and Stockholm, Sweden in December 1988. Although other network protocols such as UUCP had global reach well before this time, this marked the beginning of the Internet as an intercontinental network. Public commercial use of the Internet began in mid-1989 with the connection of MCI Mail and Compuserve's email capabilities to the 500,000 users of the Internet. Just months later on 1 January 1990, PSInet launched an alternate Internet backbone for commercial use
14705670
Aviation Special Interest Group


The "Special Interest Group" phraseology in "Aviation Special Interest Group" derives from CompuServe service command line navigation convention where discussion forums were prefaced by SUBJECT/SIG, as in "AVIATION/SIG" or "AVSIG." AVSIG was the first "SIG" discussion site on the CompuServe service. The Aviation Safety Institute moved the AVSIG forum to the web concurrent with its termination of a hosting contract with CompuServe in 2004. AVSIG is the world's oldest continuously-operated online forum and one of a handful of pre
6374511
Gogo Inflight Internet


in the fall of 2011. On February 5, 2012 Frontier Airlines announced that it had equipped all of its Embraer E190 aircraft with Gogo to begin service on February 6, 2012. On June 8, 2012, Gogo announced that Delta Air Lines will begin offering in-flight Internet service on its long-haul international fleet of more than 150 aircraft, which includes Boeing 747, 767, 777, Airbus A330 and transoceanic Boeing 757 aircraft in early 2013. On June 20, 2012, Gogo announces that they have extended
1188505
Online service provider


in connection with an environmental group that rated Internet access. The explosion of popularity of the World Wide Web in 1994 accelerated the development of the Internet as an information and communication resource for consumers and businesses. The sudden availability of low- to no-cost email and appearance of free independent web sites broke the business model that had supported the rise of the early online service industry. CompuServe, BIX, AOL, DELPHI, and Prodigy gradually added access to Internet e-mail, Usenet newsgroups, ftp, and to web sites
16851036
Xfinity


time, asking "Will the name change work? Probably not, but at least it'll sound a bit edgier when you're put on hold...with Xfinity." Comcast is the largest provider of cable internet access in the United States, servicing 40% of the market in 2011. As of July 26, 2018, Comcast has 26.5 million high-speed internet customers. Comcast began offering internet services in late 1996, when it helped found the @Home Network, which sold internet service through Comcast's cable lines.
20591650
CompuServe


(primarily the Baby Bell companies) on long distance carriers. The primary argument was that data networking was a brand new industry, and the country would be better served by not exposing this important new industry to the aberrations of the voice telephone economics (the CCAC is the mechanism used to subsidize the cost of local telephone service from long distance revenue). The FCC agreed with CompuServe's position, and the consequence is that all dial-up networking in the United States, whether on private networks or the public Internet,
1281413
Cubby, Inc. v. CompuServe Inc.


Internet service providers that chose to remain ignorant of their content were immune from liability, while those that edited content, even in good faith, assumed full publisher liability. In 1996, Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act granted Internet service providers immunity from liability for content provided by others, with certain exceptions. Section 230 distinguishes between interactive computer services, e.g. Internet service providers, and information content providers, e.g. users who post messages in forums. Interactive computer services are not considered publishers of content from information content providers and can
21334641
Commodore 64 peripherals


Touch Tones. The 1670 used a modified set of Hayes AT commands. This modem is required for Medical Manager for EDI operations. The Commodore 1650 shipped with a rudimentary piece of terminal software called Common Sense. It provided basic Xmodem functionality and contained a 700 line scrollback feature. In the United States, Commodore offered the Commodore Information Network, a CompuServe SIG devoted to its products and users. Later, Quantum Computer Services (which became America Online) offered an online service called Quantum Link for the C64 that featured chat,
19860456
Cyber Rights


of speech. Godwin argues that individuals maintain latitude when communicating over the Internet because "it's far more likely that they'll do good than otherwise. This is because freedom of speech is itself a good. The framers of the Constitution were right to give it special protection, because societies in which people can speak freely are better off than societies in which they can't". The author discusses influential legal cases including a judgment involving Compuserve, where the court ruled that the Internet service provider should be deemed similar to a
16556920
Online chat


chat took place between Oulu, Finland and Corvallis, Oregon in February 1989. The first dedicated online chat service that was widely available to the public was the CompuServe CB Simulator in 1980, created by CompuServe executive Alexander "Sandy" Trevor in Columbus, Ohio. Ancestors include network chat software such as UNIX "talk" used in the 1970s. The term "chatiquette" (chat etiquette) is a variation of netiquette (Internet etiquette) and describes basic rules of online communication. These conventions or guidelines have been created to
9130214
Formula One Grand Prix (video game)


first wave of games that had a busy online community. The first competitions were organized via online services like Compuserve in 1993, with driver Ivan establishing a secure presence at the top of leaderboards. F1GP crossed over to the wider Internet once these became mainstream. The racing didn't actually happen online. "F1GP" only offered modem play. Thus, the competitions were based on submitted save-games of races and practice laps. These were then used in competitions around complete (or partial) races on the one hand,
9445883
CompuServe


versus $5.00 an hour for CompuServe. AOL used a freely available GUI-based client; CompusServe's wasn't free, and it only supported a subset of the system's functionality. In response, CIS lowered its hourly rates on several occasions. Subsequently, AOL switched to a monthly subscription instead of hourly rates, so for active users AOL was much less expensive. By late 1994, CompuServe was offering "unlimited use of the standard services (including news, sports, weather ... and limited electronic mail" for $
1281377
Commercialization of the Internet


Prior to the disestablishment 1995 commercial traffic on the Internet in the United States was limited by law, and prior to 1988 for the most part strictly forbidden, with the exception of traffic with research and defense aims. The commercialization of the Internet began modestly with gateways between commercial services and the global Internet. Early examples include a relay between Compuserve and the NSFNET in July 1989 at Ohio State University and a commercial Internet e-mail exchange in the UK in 1988. UUNET was the first company to sell commercial TCP/IP
10778052
CompuServe


phone number was not tied to a particular destination host. Finally, CompuServe developed its own packet switching network, implemented on DEC PDP-11 minicomputers acting as network nodes that were installed throughout the US (and later, in other countries) and interconnected. Over time, the CompuServe network evolved into a complicated multi-tiered network incorporating asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), frame relay (FR), Internet Protocol (IP) and X.25 technologies. In 1981, "The Times" explained CompuServe's technology in one sentence: CompuServe
1281380
Gigabit Seattle


as they are in a line of sight. Internet service would be delivered to individual units within a building through existing wiring. This wireless coverage can provide network and Internet services to customers that do not have immediate access to fiber in the city. Gigabit Seattle will provide next generation mobile, wireless cloud services in its 14 neighborhoods. Gigabit Squared had planned to begin engineering the network in the first quarter of 2013. Pricing and service offerings were not announced, but it has been indicated they would have been competitive with current broadband
5684237
Chat room


character-by-character as they were typed. Talkomatic was very popular among PLATO users into the mid-1980s. In 2014 Brown and Woolley released a web-based version of Talkomatic. The first dedicated online chat service that was widely available to the public was the CompuServe CB Simulator in 1980, created by CompuServe executive Alexander "Sandy" Trevor in Columbus, Ohio. Jarkko Oikarinen created Internet Relay Chat (IRC) in 1988. Many peer-to-peer clients have chat rooms, eg. Ares Galaxy, eMule,
17886774
Habitat (video game)


in the project whilst the kinks were being worked out It was launched on CompuServe in 1995 as a free service for members. The world was called Dreamscape and moved to the public Internet in 1997 still under the operation of Fujitsu. As CompuServe morphed into AOL's "value brand", Fujitsu sought to sell off its product as they were making a loss. Inworlds.com (who later became Avaterra, Inc) stepped up and bought the licensing rights and took over the reins. In 2011 the Dreamscape was still surviving independently as
20811204
Trespass to chattels


' persistence in sending email to CompuServe's servers after receiving notification that CompuServe no longer consented to the use weighed heavily in favor of a finding of trespass. A trio of 1998 cases in the Eastern District of Virginia involving America Online more firmly established the use of the trespass to chattels tort as a spam-fighting tool. In "America Online, Inc. v. IMS", the court held that the owner of a marketing company committed trespass to chattels against an Internet service provider's (ISP) computer network by sending 60
4520774
Prodigy (online service)


thousands of users left the service. Prodigy was also one of the first online services to offer a user-friendly GUI when competing services, such as CompuServe and GEnie, were still text-based. Prodigy used this graphical capability to deploy advertising, which it expected would result in a significant revenue stream. Prodigy offered online banking, stock trading, advertising and online shopping before the World Wide Web became widely used, but was largely unable to capitalize on these "early mover" advantages. Decades later, however, IBM
20908148
CompuServe


an extravagance, and a dialup option made better sense. Today this service remains in operation, deeply embedded within Verizon (see below). There are no other competitors remaining in this market. The company was notable for introducing a number of online services to personal computer users. CompuServe began offering electronic mail capabilities and technical support to commercial customers in 1978 under the name Infoplex, and was also a pioneer in the real-time chat market with its CB Simulator service introduced on February 21, 1980 as the first public,
1281391
Online service provider


supported color and graphics, such the Atari 800, Commodore 64, Texas Instruments TI-99/4A, the Apple II series and early IBM PC compatibles, increased, online services gradually developed framed or partially graphical information displays. Early services such as CompuServe added increasingly sophisticated graphics-based front end software to present their information, though they continued to offer text-based access for those who needed or preferred it. In 1985 Viewtron, which began as a Videotex service requiring a dedicated terminal, introduced software allowing home computer owners access. Beginning
16851033
GEnie


-based service by GE's Information Services division in October 1985, and received attention as the first serious commercial competition to CompuServe. Louden was originally CompuServe's product manager for Computing, Community (forums), Games, eCommerce, and email product lines. Louden purchased DECWAR source code and had "MegaWars" developed, one of the earliest multi-player online games (or MMOG), in 1985. The service was run by General Electric Information Services (GEIS, now GXS) based in Rockville, Maryland. GEIS
12153502
History of online games


purchase and manage their own computer systems. In 1979, two time-sharing companies, The Source and CompuServe, began selling access to their systems to individual consumers and small business; this was the beginning of the era of online service providers. While an initial focus of service offerings was the ability for users to run their own programs, over time applications including online chat, electronic mail and BBSs and games became the dominant uses of the systems. For many people, these, rather than the academic and commercial systems available
10865242
Max Butler


Relay Chat and frequently downloaded warez, or illegally downloaded software or media. After an Internet service provider in Littleton, Colorado traced Butler's uploads of warez to an unprotected file transfer protocol server –the uploads were consuming excessive bandwidth–to the CompuServe corporate offices in Bellevue, Washington, CompuServe fired Butler. Moving to Half Moon Bay, California, he changed his last name to Vision and lived in a rented mansion "Hungry Manor" with a group of other computer enthusiasts. Butler became a system administrator at computer gaming start
21010764
GIF


was granted, Unisys entered into licensing agreements with over a hundred companies. The popularity of LZW led CompuServe to choose it as the compression technique for their version of GIF, developed in 1987. At the time, CompuServe was not aware of the patent. Unisys became aware that the version of GIF used the LZW compression technique and entered into licensing negotiations with CompuServe in January 1993. The subsequent agreement was announced on 24 December 1994. Unisys stated that they expected all major commercial on-line information services companies employing the LZW
12534487
Eswatini Posts and Telecommunications


mail service, including its Phutfumani Couriers service. Swazi Telecom offers telecom and internet services. The company's website offers the Phone Spaza system for leasing phone lines for entrepreneurs who wish to offer telecommunication services to customers on a paying basis. The Lunyazi program is a wireless local loop service, offering wireless telephony and internet services on different service levels including Supercharge Lunyazi which provides integrated services digital network access at 144 kbit/s. The internet department offers web hosting, special school rates, and connection to Swazi.net priced on the basis
2100162
Cox Communications


, and 2011. In 2014, Cox announced they would begin offering 1 Gbit/s internet speeds under the name "G1GABLAST" in Phoenix, Las Vegas and Omaha, with plans to begin offering it in the rest of their service areas by the end of 2016. They also announced that they would double internet speeds for all customers at no cost at the same time. They began rolling out the new speeds in Phoenix in early October of the same year. Cox offers telephone service in the majority of its services areas
18549978
Internet in Bahrain


converged services including voice, Internet & television over a single broadband connection; head office is in Amwaj Islands; strategic partners include Cisco Systems & British Telecom. Rapid Telecom: Provides Dedicated / Broadband Internet, Leased lines over Fiber Optics as well as Microwave, National and international telephony and complete ICT solution services. Lightspeed Communications: Lightspeed Communications is Bahrain's first alternative fixed-line telecommunications operator, offering value-added and innovative services for residential and business customers. Services offered includes voice & Internet ; head office is in Almoayyed
8865957
Internet in Poland


not offer its own lines and depends on TPSA lines. ADSL service called Multimo, provided by GTS Energis for TP customers via Bit Stream Access. ADSL service called DialNET DSL, provided by Dialog now bought by Netia. Cable providers such as UPC, Multimedia, Vectra and ASTER offer triple play services. As of 08/05/13, UPC has upgraded its "Fiber Power" internet service to higher speeds, offering internet with download speeds from 10 Mbit/s up to 250 Mbit/s, making UPC one of the fastest ISPs
21176050
CUC International


ship service called Comp-U-Card begun in 1973, was made available online to users of The Source in the mid-1980s, and later CompuServe after its purchase of The Source. It later offered its Shoppers Advantage service on America Online, Prodigy, GEnie and Delphi as well. It was perhaps the first company conducting electronic commerce, although its web based service first went online in 1995. Founded in 1973 by Walter Forbes, CUC's main line of operations was its mail-order clubs such as Shopper’s Advantage,
305633
GXS Inc.


choked developments GEnie could have made, but didn't dare deploy at the risk of becoming even more "too successful." With the rise of the Internet, GEIS failure to provide email service until 1993, the extremely slow speed of the character-based Mark III network, the lack of an internet portal, their decision not to develop a graphical user interface, and competition from ISPs, CompuServe, and AOL; GEnie ended on the last day of the millennium. Mark III service and GEIS itself soon followed. In
2481274
Sirius Canada


radio broadcaster for Canadian Football League games, beginning with the launch of the 2006 CFL season on June 16. In addition to the differences in programming there are some other minor differences between Sirius Canada and the US. When Sirius Canada launched, it did not offer signup over the internet; instead, new customers had to activate over the phone. Currently Sirius Canada offers activation over the phone, and internet activation with a reduced activation fee. As of October 2006, Sirius Canada allows internet streaming of material to subscribers. The
13839771
Wateen


the biggest foreign investors in Pakistan. Initially in 2007, the company was set up as a "carrier's-carrier" providing a fine fibre optic network to mobile companies and offering long distance and telephony services. In areas where Wateen did not have a fiber network, it offered carriers connectivity through VSAT. Wateen is the first company in the world to commercially launch WiMAX broadband internet services throughout the country, beginning with 24 major cities in Pakistan in 2007. Thereon, Wateen set forth to launch a range of services for individuals
6201769
Comwave


Comwave Networks Inc. is a Canadian company that markets telecommunication services. Actual telecommunication services are provided by third party carriers. Based in Toronto and run by president and CEO, Yuval Barzakay, Comwave was established in 1999 and it serves over 500 cities in Canada and over 1,100 in the United States. Comwave is the industry leader in Voice over IP (VoIP) and offer home phone services, small business phone lines, mobile calling, and high-speed internet. Predating Apple's iPhone, beginning in 2004, Comwave offered a
4826358
CompuServe


's 27 million. By early 1999, many home uses had switched to standard dial-up Internet access, and CompuServe had slipped to "2 million largely business professional users." One popular use of CompuServe in the 1980s was file exchange, particularly pictures. Indeed, in 1985 it hosted perhaps the first online comic in the world, "Witches and Stitches". CompuServe introduced a simple black-and-white image format known as RLE (run-length-encoding) to standardize the images so they could be
1281411
Cubby, Inc. v. CompuServe Inc.


every publication it carries for potentially defamatory statements than it would be for any other distributor to do so." Both the business disparagement claim, which was viewed as trade libel, and the unfair competition claim, based on disparaging remarks, required that CompuServe knew or had reason to know of the defamatory remarks. Again, CompuServe was unaware of the nature of the statements and was thus not held liable. "Cubby v. CompuServe" treated internet intermediaries lacking editorial involvement as distributors, rather than publishers, in the context of defamation
21334639
CompuServe


on the NASDAQ under the symbol CMPU. Concurrently, the company recruited executives who shifted the focus from offering time-sharing services, in which customers wrote their own applications, to one that was focused on packaged applications. The first of these new executives was Robert Tillson, who left Service Bureau Corporation (then a subsidiary of Control Data Corporation, but originally formed as a division of IBM) to become CompuServe's Executive Vice President of Marketing. He then recruited Charles McCall (who followed Jeff Wilkins as CEO, and later
1281375
20th-century events


its military role when universities and commercial businesses were permitted to connect their networks to it. The main impetus for this was electronic mail, a far faster and convenient form of communication than a conventional letter and memo distribution, and the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). However, the Internet remained largely unknown to the general public, who were used to Bulletin Boards and services like Compuserve and America Online. This changed when Tim Berners-Lee devised a simpler form of Vannevar Bush's hypertext, which he dubbed the World Wide
7348586
Competitive local exchange carrier


a CLEC specializing in DSL services by leasing lines from the ILEC and reselling them to Internet service providers (ISPs). CLECs evolved from the competitive access providers (CAPs) that began to offer private line and special access services in competition with the ILECs beginning in 1985. The CAPs (such as Teleport Communications Group (TCG) and Metropolitan Fiber Systems (MFS)) deployed fiber optic systems in the central business districts of the largest U.S. cities (New York, Chicago, Boston, etc.) A number of state
10738362
CompuServe


. As a result, the organization that had once been the networking business within CompuServe is now part of Verizon Business. In the process of splitting CompuServe into its two major businesses, CompuServe Information Services and CompuServe Network Services, WorldCom and AOL both desired to make use of the CompuServe name and trademarks. Consequently, a jointly owned holding company was formed for no other purpose than to hold title to various trademarks, patents and other intellectual property, and to license that intellectual property at no cost to both WorldCom (now Verizon
1281424
CompuServe


addresses via a new e-mail system. AOL used the CompuServe brand for CompuServe 2000 (a rebranded low-cost offering), which closed in 2011 (including Mac), and CompuServe Dialer (a low-cost dialup ISP that became a Web portal). CompuServe announced in November 2017 that the CompuServe Forums would be shut down on December 15, 2017. It was over 36 years since the CompuServe Forums had begun in 1981. Some moved to "Forumania" or elsewhere. Over time there were several graphical
1281430
Alief, Houston


branch libraries so that all Houstonians could access the internet "information superhighway" during their visits. In 1996, the Henington-Alief Library began offering free internet access to the public. The service was text-only and was limited to 20 minutes when other users were waiting to use the computers. The move by the Houston Public Library was intended to bring internet access to Houstonians who did not have a home computer and therefore did not have home access to the internet. In 2005, Alief became home to many Hurricane Katrina
1884449
PDP-10


peak, operated over 200 loosely coupled systems in three data centers in Columbus, Ohio. CompuServe used these systems as 'hosts', providing access to commercial applications, and the CompuServe Information Service. While the first such systems were bought from DEC, when DEC abandoned the PDP-10 architecture in favor of the VAX, CompuServe and other PDP-10 customers began buying plug compatible computers from Systems Concepts. As of January 2007, CompuServe was operating a small number of PDP-10 architecture machines to perform some billing and routing functions. The main power
4050188
Canada Remote Systems


Canada Remote Systems, or simply CRS, was a major commercial bulletin board system located in the Toronto area. It was one of the earliest commercial systems outside the "big iron" companies such as CompuServe or The Source, and survived into the 1990s before being overwhelmed by the Internet and closing down. CRS was founded by Jud Newell in 1979 as Mississauga RCP/M, a small one-line system running on RCP/M that later became Toronto RCP/M after a move. It became CRS when Newell decided
20312270