names of the notes in the treble clef
Dulzaina


next note progression of the scale and it has to be slurred to the previous note. Music for the dolçaina is always written in treble clef. G-dolçaina (dolçaina en sol)is a transposing instrument and its music is written in treble clef. Scores written for dolçaina should ideally be transposed into treble clef. Therefore, the lowest note is D4 (the first one below the treble clef staff) and the highest one is A5 (on the first additional line above the treble clef staff). In order to find the
9742660
Clef


. Treble clef is the upper stave of the grand stave used for harp and keyboard instruments. It is also sometimes used, along with tenor clef, for the highest notes played by bass-clef instruments such as the cello, double bass (which sounds an octave lower), bassoon, and trombone. The viola also sometimes uses treble clef for very high notes. Treble clef is used for the soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto, contralto and tenor voices. When sung, a tenor singer will sing the piece
4699869
Clef


shown in its proper position on the stave, followed by its reference note. (A dagger (†) after the name of a clef indicates that the clef is no longer in common use.) Where the G-clef is placed on the second line of the stave, it is called the treble clef. This is the most common clef used today, the first clef that those studying music generally learn, and the only G-clef still in use. For this reason, the terms G-clef and
4699867
Transposing instrument


treble clef, the euphonium is a transposing instrument, i.e., its music and fingering are set up as if it is a B instrument (transposing), while in bass clef, its music and fingering assume that it is a C instrument (non-transposing). Musicians who play both bass- and treble-clef euphonium must learn to use different fingerings for the written notes: e.g., a B in treble clef requires that the first valve be depressed, whereas a B in bass clef is open. Before valves were
11940046
Viola


, which is otherwise rarely used. The trombone occasionally uses the alto clef, but not primarily. (The comparatively rare alto trombone primarily uses the alto clef.) Viola music employs the treble clef when there are substantial sections of music written in a higher register. The alto clef is defined by the placement of C on the center line of the staff. In treble clef, this note is placed one line below the staff and in the bass clef (used, notably, by the cello and double bass) it
14214979
Clef


A treble clef with a "15" above (sounding two octaves above the standard treble clef) is used for the garklein (sopranissimo) recorder, whose lowest note is two octaves above middle C. The F clef can also be notated with an octave marker. The F clef notated to sound an octave lower is used for contrabass instruments such as the double bass and contrabassoon. The F clef notated to sound an octave higher is used for the bass recorder. However, both of these are extremely rare (and, in
4699882
Musical notation


F clef shows the position of the note F below middle C. While the treble and bass clef are the most widely used clefs, other clefs are used, such as the alto clef (used for viola and alto trombone music) and the tenor clef (used for some cello, tenor trombone, and double bass music). Notes representing a pitch outside of the scope of the five line staff can be represented using ledger lines, which provide a single note with additional lines and spaces. Some instruments use mainly one clef
47896
Symphony No. 4 (Bruckner)


\key c \major \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 43 \new Staff \relative g' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c \major \clef treble \time 2/2 /score This group has several bars of 5 notes against 8, beginning in the second theme: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative e" { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c \major \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 43 \new Staff \relative b' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano
10199001
Musical notation


, such as violin and flute, which use treble clef and double bass and tuba, which use bass clef. Some instruments regularly use both clefs, such as piano and pipe organ. Following the clef, the key signature on a staff indicates the key of the piece or song by specifying that certain notes are flat or sharp throughout the piece, unless otherwise indicated with accidentals added before certain notes. When a sharp is placed before a note, this makes that note one semitone higher. When a flat is placed before
47897
Musical notation


symbols such as dots and ties which lengthen the duration of a note. Notation is read from left to right, which makes setting music for right-to-left scripts difficult. A staff (or stave, in British English) of written music generally begins with a clef, which indicates the position of one particular note on the staff. The treble clef or G clef was originally a letter G and it identifies the second line up on the five line staff as the note G above middle C. The bass clef or
47895
Transposition (music)


). Clef transposition is routinely taught (among other places) in Belgium and France. One imagines a different clef and a different key signature than the ones printed. The change of clef is used so that the lines and spaces correspond to different notes than the lines and spaces of the original score. Seven clefs are used for this: treble (2nd line G-clef), bass (4th line F-clef), baritone (3rd line F-clef or 5th line C-clef, although in France
9060959
Staff (music)


the beginning of the staff. The clef identifies a particular line as a specific note, and all other notes are determined relative to that line. For example, the treble clef puts the G above middle C on the second line. The interval between adjacent staff positions is one step in the diatonic scale. Once fixed by a clef, the notes represented by the positions on the staff can be modified by the key signature or accidentals on individual notes. A clefless staff may be used to represent a set of percussion sounds
4699909
Clef


treble clef are often seen as synonymous. The treble clef was historically used to mark a treble, or pre-pubescent, voice part. Among the instruments that use treble clef are the violin, flute, oboe, bagpipe, cor anglais, all clarinets, all saxophones, horn, trumpet, cornet, vibraphone, xylophone, mandolin, recorder; it is also used for the guitar, which sounds an octave lower than written, as well as the euphonium and baritone horn, both of which sound a major ninth lower
4699868
Clef


clefs are used regularly: treble clef, bass clef, alto clef, and tenor clef. Of these, the treble and bass clefs are by far the most common. The tenor clef is used for the upper register of several instruments that usually use bass clef (including cello, bassoon, and trombone), while the alto is only used by the viola and a few other instruments. Here follows a complete list of the clefs, along with a list of instruments and voice parts notated with them. Each clef is
4699866
Clef


) were used to represent the notes written on the fourth and top lines of the treble clef, respectively. Varying shapes of different clefs persisted until very recent times. The F-clef was, until as late as the 1980s in some cases (such as hymnals), or in British and French publications, written like this: In printed music from the 16th and 17th centuries, the C clef often assumed a ladder-like form, in which the two horizontal rungs surround the stave line indicated as C: ;
4699892
Clef


of the G-clef probably derives from a cursive "S" for "sol", the name for "G" in solfege. C clefs (along with G, F, Γ, D, and A clefs) were formerly used to notate vocal music. Nominally, the soprano voice parts were written in first- or second-line C clef ("soprano clef" or "mezzo-soprano clef") or second-line G clef ("treble clef"), the alto or tenor voices in
4699894
Euphonium


in bass clef as a non-transposing instrument or in treble clef as a transposing instrument. In British brass bands, it is typically treated as a treble-clef instrument, while in American band music, parts may be written in either treble clef or bass clef, or both. The euphonium is in the family of brass instruments, more particularly low-brass instruments with many relatives. It is extremely similar to a baritone horn. The difference is that the bore size of the baritone horn is typically smaller than that
10261686
Clef


timpani (notated in bass clef) and mallet percussion (noted in treble clef or on a grand stave) are usually notated on different staves than unpitched percussion. Staves with a neutral clef do not always have five lines. Commonly, percussion staves only have one line, although other configurations can be used. The neutral clef is sometimes used where non-percussion instruments play non-pitched extended techniques, such as hitting the body of a violin, violoncello or acoustic guitar, or where a vocal choir is instructed to clap
4699886
C (musical note)


) would be Middle C. This technically inaccurate practice has led some pedagogues to encourage standardizing on C as the definitive Middle C in instructional materials across all instruments. On the Grand Staff, middle-C is notated with a ledger line above the top line of the bass clef or below the bottom line of the treble clef. In vocal music, the term "Soprano C", sometimes called "High C" or "Top C", is the C two octaves above Middle C. It is so named because it is
4699901
Braille music


octave sign specifying otherwise, a melodic leap of a 4th or 5th will stay within the same octave as the previous note. For instance, the following always stays within Octave 2: Because of the use of octave marks, clef symbols are not required in braille music. On occasion, clef symbols (bass clef, treble clef, or other) will be indicated so the visually impaired musician will be aware of every detail of the print score. Musical indications like "dim", "cresc", or "rit
13070719
Carillon


on two staves. Notes written in the bass clef are generally played by the feet. Notes written in the treble clef are played with the hands. Pedals range from the lowest note (the bourdon) and may continue up to two and half octaves. In the North American Standard keyboard, all notes can be played on the manual. Because of the acoustic peculiarities of a carillon bell (the prominence of the minor third, and the lack of damping of sound), music written for other instruments needs to be arranged
5548174
Clef


8 below it, indicating that the pitches sound an octave below the written value. As the true tenor clef has fallen into disuse in vocal writings, this "octave-dropped" treble clef is often called the tenor clef. The same clef is sometimes used for the octave mandolin. In some scores, the same concept is construed by using a double clef—two G-clefs overlapping one another. Tenor banjo is commonly notated in treble clef. However, notation varies between the written pitch sounding an octave lower (
4699880
Clef


clef. Starting in the 18th-century treble clef has been used for transposing instruments that sound an octave lower, such as the guitar; it has also been used for the tenor voice. To avoid ambiguity, modified clefs are sometimes used, especially in the context of choral writing; of those shown, the C clef on the third space, easily confused with the tenor clef, is the rarest. This is most often found in tenor parts in SATB settings, in which a treble clef is written with the numeral
4699879
Dodeka music notation


), all durations are expressed as visual ratios from this reference point. For example, a whole note is the representation of four quarter note lengths. At the opposite, an eighth note (or quaver) is twice as short as a quarter note. While traditional music notation represents the whole musical spectrum with different clefs, such as the treble or bass clefs, in the Dodeka notation the staff configuration is consistent throughout the octaves. This means that each pitch has its own unique position on the staff regardless of the octaves
10266173
Royalty payment


to four lines, and initiated the idea of ledger lines by adding lines above or below these lines as needed. He used square notes called neumes. This system eliminated any uncertainty of pitch. d'Arezzo also developed a system of clefs, which became the basis for the clef system: bass clef, treble clef, and so on. (Co-existing civilizations used other forms of notation). In Europe the major consumers of printed music in the 17th and 18th centuries were the royal courts for both solemn and festive occasions
9816051
Saxhorn


valves actuated) to the note produced by eighth partial with no valves actuated, i.e., the note two octaves above the root note. All the modern members of the family are transposing instruments written in the treble clef with the root note produced by the second partial with no valves actuated being written as middle C, though the baritone horn often plays bass clef parts, especially in concert band music and when playing parts written for the trombone. Developed during the mid-to-late 1830s, the saxhorn family was patented in
6978919
Symphony No. 2 (Bruckner)


description below will use the tempo markings of the final version. The symphony opens with tremolo strings and the lyrical main theme emerges from under this: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative c" { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c \minor \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo "Moderato" 2 = 60 \new Staff \relative as' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c \minor \clef treble \time 2/2 /score Note that although there is tremolo, it is a somewhat slower tremolo than what
4009644
Symphony No. 2 (Bruckner)


The movement opens quietly with the second violins playing an eighth-note accompaniment and the first violins playing a descending scale: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative as" { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c \minor \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo "Mehr schnell" 2 = 95 \new Staff \relative g' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c \minor \clef treble \time 2/2 /score This leads to the second theme of the first theme group, a loud passage given by the full
4009651
Pelleas und Melisande (Schoenberg)


' { \clef treble \key d \minor \numericTimeSignature \time 4/4 \tempo "Golaud" \partial 4*1 d(~ | d8. fis16) fis4. b,8( e4~ | e a,) } After a forceful statement of the fate theme Pelleas' motif (which contains the three note motive from Melisande's theme) is introduced. \relative c" { \clef treble \key e \major \numericTimeSignature \time 4/4 \tempo "Pelleas" \partial 4*3 b e,4. e'8 | dis4-> ais4. dis8([ gis,8.) a16] | ais4.-
8839188
Guidonian hand


"E "la"" (in other words, from the G at the bottom of the modern bass clef to the E at the top of the treble clef). In teaching, an instructor would indicate a series of notes by pointing to them on their hand, and the students would sing them. This is similar to the system of hand signals sometimes used in conjunction with solfege. There have been a number of variations in the position of the notes on the hand, and no one variation is definitive but
15789465
Handbell


an additional convention: The C above middle C and all notes below are always written in the bass clef, and the D above middle C and all notes above are always written in the treble clef. (This formatting is not always the convention for solo and small-ensemble music.) Handbell music is written one octave lower than the sound the bells make, so a middle C bell is playing the note C. (For simplicity, the bell would still always be referred to as middle C or C.) Due to
10145117
Extension (music)


In music, an extension is a set of musical notes that lie outside the standard range or tessitura. A note that lies outside the lines of a musical staff is an extension of the staff. The note will lie on a ledger line. Middle C for example is an extension note on both treble and bass clefs, however is not outside the grand staff. Soprano C and Deep C lie two ledger lines above treble and below bass respectively (as well as the grand staff). An instrumental extension is a range
7760106
Clef


trombone. These instruments use bass clef for their low- to mid-ranges; treble clef is also used for their upper extremes. Where used for the double bass, the sound is an octave lower than the written pitch. The tenor violin parts were also drafted in this clef (see e.g. Giovanni Battista Vitali's Op. 11). Formerly, it was used by the tenor part in vocal music but its use has been largely supplanted either with an octave version of the treble clef where written alone or the bass clef
4699876
Trombone


. The rare exceptions are in contemporary works intended for high-level wind bands. An accomplished performer today is expected to be proficient in reading parts notated in bass clef, tenor clef, alto clef, and (more rarely) treble clef in C, with the British brass-band performer expected to handle treble clef in B as well. A variety of mutes can be used with the trombone to alter its timbre. Many are held in place with the use of cork grips, including the straight, cup, harmon
10499207
Clef


as in guitar music and called octave pitch in most tenor banjo methods) and music sounding at the written pitch (called actual pitch). An attempt has been made to use a treble clef with a diagonal line through the upper half of the clef to indicate octave pitch, but this is not always used. At the other end of the spectrum, treble clefs with an "8" positioned above the clef may be used for the piccolo, penny whistle, soprano and sopranino recorder, and other high woodwind parts.
4699881
Treble Clef and Book Lovers' Club


Formed in 1908 in Richmond, Virginia, the Treble Clef and Book Lovers' Club (TCBLC) is one of the oldest African American book clubs in the United States. The social, nonprofit organization is an association for women who possess an affinity for literature and music. Treble Clef and Book Lovers' Club was established in 1908 by Mrs. Mary Simpson in Richmond, Virginia. The club predates nearly all of the cultural organizations in the country and is the oldest for African American women in Virginia. It is also one of
8460236
Symphonia Domestica


, the concert programme carried the following outline: \relative c \clef bass \key f \major \time 2/4 c,16( a' f8) c-. d-. e-. f-. g-. gis-. a16( d c g f'8) e16-. d-. bes'4-- a-- /score \clef treble \key f \major \time 2/4 d4.( c'8 d2~ d) a4.( fis'8 a2 g) /score \clef treble \key f \major \time 2/4 \partial 16*4 g16( aes c bes g4) /score \clef treble \key f \major \time 2/4
14931607
Viola d'amore


are not uniform across their range. Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, Antonio Vivaldi and Johann Joseph Vilsmayr (a student of Biber), among others, wrote pieces for violin with one or more strings retuned to notes other than the usual fifths. Given that the viola d’amore was usually played by violinists and that many different tunings were used, scordatura notation made it easier for a violinist to read the music. Scordatura notation exists in a number of different types. Treble clef, alto clef and soprano clefs are all used by different
3553429
Appalachian Spring


ees'-. r \clef treble ees"-.-> r } » } \relative c { \clef treble \key c \major \time 2/2 \tempo "Presto" 2 = 92 r2 r8 g-.\mf d-. g-. | c,4-- d8-. e-. f-. g-. a4-- | b8-- a-. g-.[ f-.] e-. d-. c4-- } 6. { \new PianoStaff « \new Staff \relative c" { \clef treble \key aes \major \time 4/4 \tempo "As at first (slowly)" 4 =
15628430
Mute cornett


, the same as treble cornetts. (A treble "cornett in A" means that the lowest note, all holes closed and the fundamental sounded, is A below middle C.) Most music for the mute cornett seems to have been written in the C1, C2, or C3 (soprano, mezzosoprano, or alto) clefs and is generally of a slightly lower tessitura than that of the regular treble cornett. However, the mute cornett is a genuine soprano instrument and one of its primary functions appears to have been playing
6809348
Sheet music


are very often in the form of a bass line in the bass clef and the melodies played by instrument or sung on an upper stave (or staves) in the treble clef. The bass line typically had figures written above the bass notes indicating which intervals above the bass (e.g., chords) should be played, an approach called "figured bass". The figures indicate which intervals the harpsichordist, pipe organist or lute player should play above each bass note. A lead sheet specifies only the melody, lyrics and harmony
11079108
AP Music Theory


and in a compound meter, while the other melody is in a minor key and in a simple meter. One melody is written in the treble clef and the other is in the bass clef. The reason for this is to test AP Music Theory students in their ability to distinguish between simple and compound time signatures, as well as being able to read bass clef and treble clef. The second type of listening-based question is harmonic dictation. A four-part texture, utilizing SATB, is played four times.
10473757
Transposing instrument


-transposing instruments: The euphonium, with its close relative the baritone horn, may be played as either a treble clef instrument or a bass clef instrument because it is often played as a second instrument: trumpet or cornet players who double on the euphonium are used to playing in treble clef, while trombone or tuba players who double on the euphonium are used to playing in bass clef. In both cases, the instrument plays in the same range as the trombone, i.e., it produces the same pitches. However, in
11940045
Cello technique


cello notation. At the time, composers like Boccherini sometimes wrote cello parts in five different clefs. Beethoven and Mozart, when they wrote for cello in the treble clef, penned the music an octave higher than it was to sound. Romberg simplified notation, limiting cello music to three clefs—the bass, tenor, and treble clef (sounding where it was written). Romberg also introduced a longer fingerboard, with a longer neck on the instrument, allowing cellists to venture into higher positions by using the thumb. He
15312528
Baritone horn


baritone horn can be written in either the bass clef or the treble clef. When written in the bass clef, the baritone horn is a non-transposing instrument. However, when written in the treble clef, it is often used as transposing instrument, transposing downward a major ninth from the music as written, so that written middle C for the baritone is concert B below low C (B in scientific pitch notation), with the fingerings thus matching those of the trumpet but sounding an octave lower. It is often
9391522
Ninth


common transposing instruments sound a major ninth lower than written. These include the tenor saxophone, the bass clarinet, the baritone/euphonium when written in treble clef, and the trombone when written in treble clef (British brass band music). When baritone/euphonium or trombone parts are written in bass clef or tenor clef they sound as written. A minor ninth (m9 or -9) is a compound musical interval spanning 13 semitones, or 1 semitone above an octave (thus it is enharmonically equivalent to an augmented octave)
2056974
Symphony No. 4 (Bruckner)


##t \tempo 4 = 126 \new Staff \relative bes { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key bes \major \clef treble \time 2/4 /score The more melodic Trio follows: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative des' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key ges \major \clef treble \time 3/4 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 4 = 90 \new Staff \relative des' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key ges \major \clef treble \time 3/4 /score This movement went through three major versions, but the third version of
10198998
Symphony No. 4 (Bruckner)


\new Staff \relative e { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c \major \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 43 \new Staff \relative g { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c \major \clef treble \time 2/2 /score The second theme: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative e" { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c \major \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 43 \new Staff \relative b { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c
10199004
Double bass


clef (which are used in solo playing and some orchestral parts). The tenor clef is also used by composers for cello and low brass parts. The use of tenor or treble clef avoids excessive ledger lines above the staff when notating the instrument's upper range. Other notation traditions exist. Italian solo music is typically written at the sounding pitch, and the "old" German method sounded an octave below where notation except in the treble clef, where the music was written at pitch. The double bass is generally tuned
8934328
Symphony No. 4 (Bruckner)


{ \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pizzicato strings" \key c \minor \clef treble \time 4/4 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 4 = 50 \new Staff \relative g' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"string ensemble 1" \key c \minor \clef treble \time 4/4 /score Bruckner completely recomposed the Scherzo movement after his first version. This Scherzo is based mostly on a horn call that opens the movement: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative f' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"french horn" \key es \major \clef treble \time 3/4 \set Score.tempoHideNote
10198995
Jesse B. Aikin


bass and treble clefs and the simplification of time signatures. After the influential Ruebush & Kieffer Publishing Company began using his notehead shapes around 1876 (previously they used Funk's shapes), the Aikin shapes eventually became the prevailing standard in shape note and gospel music publication, although few other compilers adopted his other innovations. Aikin's names for the notes were originally written: Doe Ray Mee Faw Sole Law See. All the note stems pointed downwards, and the stems for Doe, Ray, and See were placed centrally on the
4124876
British brass band


easily between parts. This system is unique to UK-style brass bands, though historically the North American drum and bugle corps activity followed the brass band convention of all-treble-clef writing. Tenor trombone music is usually in treble clef like the other instruments in the band, though older scores or marches sometimes use tenor clef. Bass trombone music is written at concert pitch in bass clef. This was historically due to this part being taken by a G bass trombone, rather than the modern B♭ bass trombone.
8595530
Musica ficta


that formed the backbone of the solmization system—a method that eventually became the modern system of tonic solfa. To sing notes outside the "recta" pitches of the gamut (the range generally available to composers and performers, i.e., from G at the bottom of the modern bass clef to E at the top of the treble clef), performers had to invoke "fictive" hexachords to sing pitches such as F or E. Hexachords normally were formed only on C, F, and G, and the interval pattern within
19579458
Clef


an octave lower, and is often written using an octave clef (see below) or double-treble clef. †In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, a special clef was used for violin music, particularly that published in France. For this reason it is known as the French clef or French violin clef, although it was more commonly used for flute music. The G-clef is placed on the first line of the stave and is identical to the bass clef transposed up two octaves. When the F-clef is
4699870
Music for Piano (Cage)


description of the process of composing these pieces can be found in Cage's book "". Cage composed the work by creating a "master page" in which two staves (one "system") have enough space above and below to allow each staff to be either treble or bass clef, so that all the notes on the piano can be included. He then used transparent paper and marked the imperfections in the paper according to various chance operations, then inscribing them on the page, adding accidentals, clefs, and
15814773
Nashville Sounds


nicknamed "Slugger", swinging at a baseball with a guitar, a staple of country music, in place of a bat. Further illustrating the city's musical ties was the typeface, with letters that resembled musical notes and treble clefs, used to display the team name. With a team in place and a stadium under construction, the Nashville Sounds were set to begin play in 1978 as an expansion team of the Southern League. As the Double-A affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds, the Sounds played their first game
66083
Tuba


are usually written in treble clef, with the B tuba sounding two octaves and one step below and the E tuba sounding one octave and a major sixth below the written pitch. This allows musicians to change instruments without learning new fingerings for the same written music. Consequently, when its music is written in treble clef, the tuba is a transposing instrument, but not when the music is in bass clef. The lowest pitched tubas are the contrabass tubas, pitched in C or B, referred to as CC and BB tubas
12398707
Timpani


regulation of internal and external temperatures relative to aluminum and fiberglass. Timpani come in a variety of sizes from about in diameter down to "piccoli timpani" of or less. A 33-inch drum can produce C (the C below the bass clef), and specialty piccoli timpani can play up into the treble clef. In Darius Milhaud's 1923 ballet score "La création du monde", the timpanist must play F (at the bottom of the treble clef). Each drum typically has a range of a perfect fifth,
12953834
Braille music


the same direction as the interval notation. Thus, examining the in-accords is one way to establish whether the interval notation on a particular staff is bottom-up or top-down. Printed music is often written on several different staves. For instance, piano music is typically written on two different staves combined into the grand staff: one for treble clef and one for bass clef, while choral music often has four different staves (one each for soprano, alto, tenor, and bass). The notes in
13070726
Stradella bass system


fingering for harmonic minor: \clef bass \set fingeringOrientations = #'(down) \cadenzaOn /score Melodic minor (different ascending and descending): \clef bass \set fingeringOrientations = #'(down) \cadenzaOn /score Larger and more expensive accordions may have as many as seven register switches on the bass side, controlling which reed ranks play and thus the octaves and voicing of the bass notes and chords, similar in concept to the treble register switches on the keyboard side. Smaller or simpler accordions may have no bass switches, or a single
13506627
Cello Suites (Bach)


of the suites that is partly notated in the alto and soprano clefs (modern editions use tenor and treble clefs), which are not needed for the others since they never go above the note G (G above middle C). Mstislav Rostropovich called Suite No. 6 "a symphony for solo cello" and characterised its D major tonality as evoking joy and triumph. Professor Martin Jarvis of Charles Darwin University School of Music, in Darwin, Australia, speculated in 2006 that Anna Magdalena may have been the composer of several
7020639
Baritone horn


used to play parts written for the similarly pitched tenor trombone or euphonium. The baritone is part of the tenor section of a band. Its second partial with no valves pressed is concert B on the second line from the bottom of the bass clef (B in scientific pitch notation). The eighth partial with no valves pressed is concert B in the center of the treble clef (B). Virtuosi can reach certain pedal tones below the E second partial with all valves depressed, which is the nominal lowest note on the
9391523
Symphony No. 4 (Bruckner)


" { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key bes \major \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 60 \new Staff \relative bes, { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key bes \major \clef bass \time 2/2 /score In the 1878 version and later it opens with a variation of the Bruckner rhythm theme from the first group: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative bes" { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key bes \major \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 =
10198990
Symphony No. 2 (Bruckner)


\tempo "Mäßig schnell" 4 = 245 \new Staff \relative c { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c \minor \clef bass \time 3/4 /score The Trio is based on a "tipsy" melody in the violas: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative c" { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c \major \clef treble \time 3/4 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo "Gleiches tempo" 4 = 190 \new Staff \relative e' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key c \major \clef treble \time 3/4 /score
4009650
Symphony No. 6 (Bruckner)


juxtaposed against the pulsating rhythm in the violins: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative cis" { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key a \major \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo "Majestoso" 2 = 54 \new Staff \relative e, { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key a \major \clef bass \time 2/2 R1 | % 2 /score The key is A major when the first theme enters; however, the mystery is heightened by notes outside the realm of A major tonality that appear in the
12751136
An Hour for Piano


the treble clef." The effect is one where the past and present become irrelevant and the listener experiences an almost eternal present. In 1974, Johnson also wrote program notes to accompany the piece. These notes are meant to be read while listening to the work, and they encourage the listener to "not to allow the program notes to distract you from concentrating on the music. They are intended to increase your ability to concentrate on the piece, and not to distract from it." These lengthy notes mirror the composition
8607817
Appalachian Spring


{ \clef treble \key a \major \time 4/4 \tempo "Allegro" 4 = 160 a8->\f a, a'4 a8 cis a4->~ | a1\fermata | e'8->[ a,] e[ cis] a[ e] a,4->~ | a1\fermata } { \new PianoStaff « \new Staff \relative c' { \clef treble \key f \major \time 4/4 \tempo 4 = 160 \partial 2*1 c4( f) | 2 ~ | 4 2.~ | \time 3/2 2 a,2 } \new Staff \relative c { \clef bass \key f \major \time 4/4 r2 | 2 2~
15628427
Sinfonia antartica


} \new Staff \relative c { \clef bass \numericTimeSignature \time 4/4 e,1\trill\ppp~ | e1~ | e1~ | e1~ | e1~ } » } 4. Intermezzo: "Andante sostenuto" \relative c' { \clef treble \key d \major \time 3/4 \tempo "Andante sostenuto" 4 = 98 d4(\p e fis | d'2 cis4 | b a fis) } 5. Epilogue: "Alla marcia, moderato (non troppo allegro)" \relative c' { \clef treble \numericTimeSignature \time 4/4 \tempo "Alla marcia moderato (non troppo allegro)" 4 = 108
420564
Clef


the treble clef transposed down 2 octaves. This clef was used by Johannes Ockeghem and Heinrich Schütz to write low bass parts, making a late appearance in Bach's Musical Offering. When the C-clef is placed on the third line of the stave, it is called the alto or viola clef. This clef is currently used for the viola, viola d'amore, the viola da gamba, the alto trombone, and the mandola. It is also associated with the countertenor voice and therefore called the counter-tenor (or
4699874
Willem Pijper


Willem Frederik Johannes Pijper (); 8 September 1894 – 18 March 1947) was a Dutch composer, music critic and music teacher. Pijper is considered to be among the most important Dutch composers of the first half of the 20th century. Pijper was born at Zeist, near Utrecht, on 8 September 1894 of strict Calvinist working-class parents. His father, who sometimes played psalm accompaniments on the harmonium, taught him the names of the notes of the treble clef when he was five. Willem subsequently discovered the use
12811439
Also sprach Zarathustra


half resolved, with high flutes, piccolos and violins playing a B major chord, while the lower strings pluck a C. \relative c"" { \clef treble \time 4/4 \key b \major 1\ppp | \clef bass c,,,4 r c r | c r r2 \bar "|." } One of the major compositional themes of the piece is the contrast between the keys of B major, representing humanity, and C major, representing the universe. Because B and C are adjacent notes, these keys are tonally dissimilar: B major uses
14694949
Appalachian Spring


| 4 2.~ | \time 3/2 2 1 } » } 3. { \new PianoStaff « \new Staff \relative c' { \clef treble \key bes \major \time 3/4 \tempo "Moderato" 4 = 104 r4 2\p-- | \time 2/4 r8 8-.( 4)-- } \new Staff \relative c { \clef bass \key bes \major \time 3/4 bes2.\p-- | \time 2/4 bes2-- } » } \relative c" { \clef treble \key bes \major \time 4/4 \tempo "Much slower" 4 = 69 r4 des->\f ces-> e-> | \time 5/4 des2->
15628428
Sinfonia da Requiem


treble ->~ | 4. } II. Dies irae \relative c { \clef treble \key d \minor \time 3/4 \tempo "Allegro con fuoco" 4 = 148 r4 a:32\pp\< a8\!-. a-> | a-> } \relative c" { \clef treble \key d \minor \time 3/4 \tempo "Con anima" 4 = 148 \times 2/3 { g8(\mf^"molto marcato" b) b } \times 2/3 { b b b } \times 2/3 { b( g) g } | \times 2/3 { g g g } \times 2/3 { g( b)
5532050
Trombone


few motions needed to move between notes in the higher ranges of the trombone. In the lower range, significant movement of the slide is required between positions, which becomes more exaggerated on lower pitched trombones, but for higher notes the player need only use the first four positions of the slide since the partials are closer together, allowing higher notes in alternate positions. As an example, F (at the bottom of the treble clef) may be played in first, fourth or sixth position on a B trombone. The note
10499198
Clef


A clef (from archaic French "clef" "key", now spelt "clé") is a musical symbol used to indicate the pitch of written notes. Placed on a stave, it indicates the name and pitch of the notes on one of the lines. This line serves as a reference point by which the names of the notes on any other line or space of the stave may be determined. There are three forms of clef used in modern music notation: "F", "C", and
4699861
Bernhard Romberg


cellos should be designed to make it easier for young children to play the instrument. Romberg is responsible for simplifying cello notation to only three clefs, the bass clef, the tenor clef and the treble clef. Until his time, it was common to use many clefs for multiple uses - the 18th century cellist-composer Luigi Boccherini used as many as six clefs in his compositions. Romberg is thought to be among the first cellists to perform from memory, which was a skill praised highly in his day. He died in
7594343
Appalachian Spring


ges,2.-> } 4. \relative c" { \clef treble \key b \major \time 4/4 \tempo "Fast" 4 = 132 r8 e-.\mp dis-.[ b-.] cis16( dis e8-.) fis4 } 5. { \new PianoStaff « \new Staff \relative c" { \clef treble \key ees \major \time 2/4 \tempo "sub. Allegro" 4 = 160 r4 8-.->\sf r | \time 4/4 ees\p-. r -.->\ottava #1 r } \new Staff \relative c { \clef bass \key ees \major \time 2/4 r4 bes,8-.-> r | \time 4/4
15628429
Clef


two staves, the soprano/alto stave with a treble clef, and tenor/bass stave marked with the bass clef. Clef combinations played a role in the modal system toward the end of the 16th century, and it has been suggested certain clef combinations in the polyphonic music of 16th-century vocal polyphony are reserved for authentic (odd-numbered) modes, and others for plagal (even-numbered) modes, but the precise implications have been the subject of much scholarly debate. Music can be transposed at sight
4699896
Symphonic Rain


colored musical notes scrolling from the right of the screen to the left. Each one of the notes are inscribed with a letter on the keyboard, which the player has to press when the note reaches a boxed-up region beside the treble clef. Points are awarded for the accuracy of keyboard input, starting with zero points for an inaccurate attempt, eight points for being slightly off, and thirty-five points for being exact. The value of each exact attempt increases as the player successfully creates chains of such accuracy,
19524271
Baritone saxophone


intended for orchestral use, but these fell into disuse as the saxophone never became a standard orchestral instrument. As with all saxophones, its music is written in treble clef. To transpose a baritone sax part to concert pitch, it is only necessary to change the treble to a bass clef and modify the accidentals accordingly. The baritone saxophone is used as a standard member of concert bands and saxophone quartets. It has also been occasionally called for in music for orchestra. Examples include Richard Strauss' "Sinfonia Domestica", which
2975645
A London Symphony


risoluto section, much of it triple forte, is vigorous and brisk, and the ensuing second subject, dominated by the wind and brass, is no less so (evoking "Hampstead Heath on an August Bank Holiday").  \relative c { \clef treble \key g \minor \tempo "Allegro risoluto" \numericTimeSignature \time 2/2 r2 2~->\fff | 8 -> -> -> 2->~ | 4 \times 2/3 { 8-- -- -- } 4(\< 8)\! }   \relative c { \clef treble \key g \minor \numericTimeSignature \time 2/2 \partial 2
419777
Sinfonia da Requiem


\\ { r4 e8-. d--~ d e-. d-. e-. | d-. r r4 c8-. d-. c-. b-. } » } III. Requiem aeternam. \relative c { \clef treble \key d \major \time 3/4 \tempo "Andante molto tranquillo" 4 = 60 a4\pp\<( b2\! | a4. g8\> fis[ a\!] | g2\<) a4(~\! | a8 g\> fis e fis4\!) } \relative c' { \clef treble \key d \major \time 3/4 \tempo "sempre molto tranquillo
5532052
Jam Session (software)


, updated later to 8. There were two modes or screens, the authoring screen and the playback-only screen. In the authoring screen, the user entered notes on a staff with treble and bass clef using the mouse, and selecting the duration of the note with on-screen buttons or keyboard shortcuts. In the playback screen, an animated simulation of a VU-meter was displayed for each track. The package shipped with a selection of several sampled instruments and several add-on packages were later released, such
12761715
Clef


will often simply write the part in either the treble clef or notated an octave down under an "8va" bracket. Use of octave-marked clefs appears to have increased as computers have become more important in musical transcription. Performers will normally know the right octave to use with or without the octave marking. However, the appropriate use of octave marking in score editing software ensures that music files (such as MIDI files) generate tones in their proper octaves. The "neutral" or "percussion" clef is not a
4699884
Symphony No. 4 (Bruckner)


= #"piano" \key as \major \clef treble \time 3/4 /score The autograph of the Scherzo of the 1878 version of the symphony contains markings such as "Jagdthema" (hunting theme) and "Tanzweise während der Mahlzeit auf der Jagd" (dance tune during the lunch break while hunting). This is the more well known of the Scherzi. It opens with triadic hunting horn calls: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative bes { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key bes \major \clef treble \time 2/4 \set Score.tempoHideNote =
10198997
Symphony No. 4 (Vaughan Williams)


CD by Cala Records. The work is in four movements with the third and fourth linked: A typical performance takes about 32 minutes. Opening dissonance of the first movement: \relative c" { \clef treble \key f \minor \time 6/4 \tempo "Allegro" 2. = 96 « { des2.~( des2 c4) } \\ { c,1.\ff } » } Germinal motive that develops out of the opening dissonance: \relative c" { \clef treble \key f \minor \time 6/4 \tempo "Allegro" 2. = 96 e2.-> ees-> |
114289
Appalachian Spring


66 \partial 2*1 r2 \bar "||" r2 bes4~ ~ | 1 } \new Staff \relative c' { \clef treble \key aes \major \time 4/4 c4~( ~ \bar "||" 1~ | 1 } » } 7. \relative c' { \clef treble \key aes \major \time 4/4 \tempo "Doppio movimento" 4 = 72 \partial 2*1 ees2( \bar "||" \time 2/4 aes8) aes16( bes c aes c des | ees8) ees16( des c8) } 8. { \new PianoStaff « \new
15628431
Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks


The work opens with a "Once upon a time" theme, \relative c { \clef treble \key f \major \time 4/8 \tempo "Gemächlich" 8=88 \partial 8*1 a8(\p | f-.) b,( c-.) cis( | f4.) }  as a solo horn bursts in with two repetitions of the first Till theme. \relative c' { \clef treble \key f \major \tempo 4.=88 \time 6/8 r8 c-. f-. g-. gis4~( | gis8 a) c,-. f-. g!-. gis~( |
17410777
Sinfonia da Requiem


b } \times 2/3 { b( g) g } | a } \relative c' { \clef treble \key g \minor \numericTimeSignature \time 4/4 \tempo "Alla marcia" 4 = 148 r2 ees~(\< | ees2.\!\p_"espr." e4~ | e4.\< f8~ f4\! c'4~\> | c2.\! } \relative c" { \clef treble \key g \minor \numericTimeSignature \time 4/4 \tempo 4 = 148 « { e8-. f4-- e8--~ e d cis-. e-. | d-. r e-. d--~ d c4-- b8-. }
5532051
Treble Clef and Book Lovers' Club


the oldest book clubs of African American women in the United States. The club's founding members were Mrs. Annie Hughes, Mrs. Ellen Russell, Mrs. Emma Roper, Mrs. Blanche Burke, and Mrs. Lucille Barco. Treble Clef and Book Lovers' Club celebrated its centennial anniversary in 2008, which was reported by Richmond Times Magazine. On Saturday, June 12, 2018, the club celebrated its 110th anniversary by hosting the "Music and Prose Soirée" in the Living & Learning Center at Virginia Union University. The event was a
8460237
Drexel 3976


a member of the family of composer Bartholomew Isaack, noting that one of his brothers, William, was a professional copyist (William Isaack was the copyist of a large collection of anthems now in the Fitzwilliam Museum as Music MS 117). Wood noted that the copyist, although experienced, was not always accurate. Almost all the music in Drexel 3976 is scored for four parts using treble, alto, tenor and bass clefs. Based on a contemporary document, Holman explained that this scoring would result in six violins, six
15806493
Sheng (instrument)


depressed). The Alto Sheng (, pinyin "Zhōngyīn Shēng") is a 36-reed Sheng with an alto range of C3 to B5. They sound a perfect 5th lower than Soprano Sheng. They often sport an additional row of 12 black keys, that plays all 3 pipes corresponding to the same note in different octaves (e.g., pressing the black "C" causes the notes C3, C4 and C5 to be sounded simultaneously). It primarily uses the treble (octave down) and alto clefs (albeit less common
18918008
British brass band


for concerts and contests by players brought in from other bands, commonly known as "deputising players" or "deps". With the exception of percussion, bass trombone and some tenor trombone music, all parts are transposing and written in the treble clef with the instrument's lowest open note (B♭ or E♭) notated as middle C. This means that for every valved instrument, from the basses to the soprano cornet, a given note on the stave corresponds to the same valve fingering, enabling players to move more
8595529
Instrumental idiom


glissando or sliding. However, pitches are different harmonics from the harmonic series on different slide positions. Thus, in the lower range, significant movement of the slide is required between positions, but for higher notes the player need only use the first four positions of the slide since the partials are closer together, allowing higher notes to be played in alternate positions. As an example, F4 (at the bottom of the treble clef) may be played in first, fourth or sixth position on a standard B trombone. There
8937625
Voice flute


in England. It offered an alternative instrument for amateurs to play music written for the transverse flute, since both instruments are at the same pitch. The usual clef used for recorder parts was the French violin clef, with G on the bottom line of the staff. Imagining this clef in place of the treble clef and using the normal F-alto fingerings on a voice flute renders music composed for flute or violin in the original key . Although the rather large number of surviving eighteenth-century voice flutes suggests this may have
9484288
Symphony No. 4 (Bruckner)


" \key c \major \clef treble \time 2/2 /score The third theme group is started by a descending B flat minor scale, given by the whole orchestra: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative bes" { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key bes \minor \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 70 /score Towards the end, the horn call that opened the symphony returns, heralding the bright E flat major finish to the symphony. The second version of the movement is generally not played as part of
10199002
Symphony No. 4 (Bruckner)


\major \clef treble \time 2/2 /score The third theme group is again headed off by a descending scale, with the rhythm simplified: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative bes" { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key bes \minor \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2 = 65 /score Significant changes are made to the coda, bringing it closer to the final version. This version has the most substantial changes. The cascading string figures are changed, and the overall mood is much more somber than in previous
10199005
Symphony No. 6 (Bruckner)


\key e \major \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 4 = 120 \new Staff \relative b { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key e \major \clef treble \time 2/2 /score During the development section the music continues to modulate through a variety of major keys, including F major, E♭ major and E major until finally returning to the tonic A major (bar 245), regarded as the start of the recapitulation. The Coda once again encompasses a broad range of keys and juxtaposes the primary theme with
12751156
Symphony No. 7 (Bruckner)


. The main theme is restated before the second theme group appears, with the oboes and clarinets carrying the first theme: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative b { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key b \minor \clef treble \time 2/2 /score The third theme group is based on octaves, as is typical in Bruckner: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative b' { \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo "Ruhig" 2 = 48 \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key b \minor \clef treble \time 2/2 \new Staff \relative
16097882
Symphony No. 7 (Bruckner)


compared this Finale to the finale of a Haydn symphony. Like the first movement, the fourth movement opens with tremolo strings: score vorbis="1" \new Staff \relative e" { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key e \major \clef treble \time 2/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo "Bewegt, doch nicht zu schnell" 2 = 60 \new Staff \relative e' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piano" \key e \major \clef treble \time 2/2 /score The second theme group is in the distant key of A-flat major
16097888