when did haiti become a member of the united nations
Derrick Etienne


as the Red Bulls clinched their third Supporters Shield in a 1–0 win over Orlando City SC. Though born and raised in the United States, Etienne chose to represent Haiti in international competition, becoming the third member of his family to do so after his father and uncle. He was a member of the Haiti Under-17 team that competed in the 2013 CONCACAF U-17 Championship in Panama as well as the Haiti Under-20 team that competed in the 2015 CONCACAF U-20 Championship in Jamaica. Currently he is a member of Haiti's U-23 national team
18247241
Miguel Montes


in 2001, but did not get his first cap until 24 May 2004, in a friendly match against Haiti. Following the Haiti game, Montes was once again neglected by national team coaches, that is until June 2007 when Mexican coach Carlos de los Cobos called him up to participate in the 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup. Although he missed out on the opening two game, Montes did play in the team's third and final cup game against the USA. Since then, Montes has become a mainstay with the national team.
3010835
India and the United Nations


earlier years and in Somalia, Angola, Haiti, Liberia, Lebanon and Rwanda in recent years, and more recently in the South Sudan conflict. India was one of the original members of the League of Nations. In principle, only sovereign states can become UN members. However, although today all UN members are fully sovereign states, four of the original members (Belarus, India, the Philippines, and Ukraine) were not independent at the time of their admission. India signed the Declaration by United Nations on 1 January
18969591
Viva Rio


organized by Viva Rio, will become a permanent part of national gun control policy on June 1, 2011. From Viva Rio’s work with gun control, the organization has expanded its network and areas of operation to include work in human rights, education, sports, environment and community development. In 2004, Viva Rio became a consultant to the United Nations Development Program’s Peacekeeping operation in Haiti. The United Nations has been present in Haiti since the 1991 coup. When the internal conflict re-escalated in February 2004 and
12889168
United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti


The United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH) is a peacekeeping mission in Haiti mandated by the United Nations Security Council through Resolutions 2350 (2017) and 2410 (2018). In April 2017, the Security Council unanimously agreed that the then 2,370 soldiers serving in United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) had to be gradually withdrawn until 15 October 2017 to make way for the new MINUJUSTH as the successor operation. MINUJUSTH will have up to 1,275 members of the police force as well as correction officers and
5333614
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1702


". Therefore, it was important that there was reform of the security sector, law enforcement, national reconciliation and economic and social development. At the same time, Council members emphasised the importance of MINUSTAH in the stabilisation of the country. All violations of human rights in Haiti were condemned in the text; the Haitian government was urged to promote human rights. The Council welcomed a police reform plan put forward by the government. It also acknowledged that conditions for a disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration did not exist in Haiti,
340666
Economy of Haiti


United Nations embargo of 1994 put out of work most of the 80,000 workers in the assembly sector. Additionally, the years of military rule following the presidential coup in 1991 resulted in the closure of most of Haiti's offshore assembly plants in the free zones surrounding Port-au-Prince. When President Aristide returned to Haiti, some improvements did occur in the manufacturing sector. Haiti's cheaper labor brought some textile and garment assembly work back to the island in the late 1990s. Although these gains were undercut by international competition,
13003799
Sexual abuse scandal in Haiti


The sexual abuse scandal in Haiti arose in 2007, accusing the United Nations peacekeepers, mainly of the Sri Lankan peacekeeping contingent of committing immoral sexual abuse among other offenses of sexual misconduct during the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti. In 2016, the Sri Lankan government decided to make a one-time ex-gratia payment to a victim and child born as a result of sexual exploitation and abuse, which was praised by the UN. In November 2007, 114 members of the 950 member Sri Lankan Army peacekeeping mission in Haiti
13807801
Foreign relations of Haiti


Haiti was one of the original members of the League of Nations, and was one of the original members of the United Nations and several of its specialized and related agencies. It is also a founding member of the Organization of American States. It maintains diplomatic relations with 37 countries, mostly in Europe and Latin America. Haiti also has diplomatic relations with the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan, instead of the People's Republic of China. Taiwan is one of Haiti's major trading partners and the two countries maintain
1614696
HIV/AIDS in Haiti


has on the nation, and the controversy surrounding how the virus spread to Haiti and the United States, Haiti is on the path to provide universal treatment, with other developing nations emulating its AIDS treatment system. AIDS in Haitians was first recognized in 34 Haitians living in the United States in 1982, and in the same year eleven individuals in Haiti were suspected to be HIV infected. Since the majority of these individuals did not fall into the classic risk factor groups, Haitians were classified as a separate risk factor group, causing
6989694
Haiti–Mexico relations


Haiti–Mexico relations refers to the diplomatic relations between Haiti and Mexico. Both nations are members of Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States and the United Nations. Haiti was the first Latin-American nation to gain independence in 1804 from France. This result inspired several nations in the region in their struggle for independence. In 1816, Mexican General Martín Javier Mina y Larrea traveled to Haiti to gain support for Mexico's independence from Spain. Consular relations between Haiti and Mexico
7075704
Member states of the Caribbean Community


with the Haitian government on the terms and conditions of full membership in CARICOM. The decision to admit Haiti raised a host of technical issues, including Haiti’s CARICOM dues, the extent to which French would also become an official language of CARICOM, and the extent to which existing CARICOM provisions allowing for the unfettered movement of member nationals would apply to Haiti. In the interim, Haiti was invited to participate in the deliberations of CARICOM’s organs and bodies. At the Twentieth Heads of Government meeting, in Port-of-
12818713
History of Haiti


drug trafficking led by Chief of National Police Michel François. Various initiatives to end the political crisis through the peaceful restoration of the constitutionally elected government failed. In July 1994, as repression mounted in Haiti and a civilian human rights monitoring mission was expelled from the country, the United Nations Security Council adopted United Nations Security Council Resolution 940, which authorized member states to use all necessary means to facilitate the departure of Haiti's military leadership and to restore Haiti's constitutionally elected government to power. In mid-September 1994, with
13003719
Dumarsais Estimé


becoming a teacher. After the government of Louis Borno expelled him for sedition, Estimé joined Haiti's nationalist movement in 1930 and became an outspoken opponent of the United States occupation of Haiti. Estimé developed a reputation as a skillful and competent civil servant, becoming one of the few black members of the Haiti's lower chamber of Parliament, Chamber of Deputies. Marrying into and allying with elements of Haiti's mulatto elite, he rose through the ranks of the government of Sténio Vincent and eventually became Minister of Education. He also
4553303
Jean C. Alexandre


. During a visit in South Africa, Alexandre negotiated with the Government of South Africa its participation to the commemoration of the Bicentennial Independence of Haiti. He reinforced the relations between Haiti and the United States and between Haiti and the International Organization of Francophony. He worked to consolidate bonds of friendship between Haiti and Israel (2003–2006) and was nominated Ambassador to Israel. Alexandre and Kofi Annan, the General Secretary of the United Nations, developed a large humanitarian program for Haiti. At the time to present his candidature to become the
4826134
Joseph Balthazar Inginac


was made even more unstable because of the peculiar Haitian economic laws; as well as the fact that Inginac was looking for a system in which Haiti would become an English protectorate—just what the English did not want to happen. After the English opened official diplomatic relations with Haiti, other European nations followed; but Haiti was still an outcast in the Latin American community, and was left out of the Congress of Panama in 1826. General Joseph Balthazar Inginac ultimately did the best that anyone in his difficult position could have done
18505657
Bahá'í Faith in Haiti


took several opportunities for talks on the religion and the United Nations. In 1955 the regional assembly began publishing a "National Bulletin" which would be published in English, Spanish and French. 1956 was a year of several developments in Haiti. The first local assembly of Cap-Haïtien was elected in April and traveling Bahá'ís visited communities across Haiti. The national center was acquired in February and dedicated in May. 1956 also marked the first national conference on the progress of the religion - members of four cities of Haiti were represented.
7470846
Trinidad and Tobago


lobbying other nations for seating the Secretariat in Port of Spain. As a member of CARICOM, Trinidad and Tobago strongly backed efforts by the United States to bring political stability to Haiti, contributing personnel to the Multinational Force in 1994. After its 1962 independence, Trinidad and Tobago joined the United Nations and Commonwealth of Nations. In 1967, it became the first Commonwealth country to join the Organization of American States (OAS). In 1995, Trinidad played host to the inaugural meeting of the Association of Caribbean States and has become
7983976
Dominican War of Independence


The Dominican Independence War gave the Dominican Republic autonomy from Haiti on February 27, 1844. Before the war, the island of Hispaniola had been united under the Haitian government for a period of 22 years when the newly independent nation, previously known as the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, was unified with Haiti in 1822. The criollo class within the country overthrew the Spanish crown in 1821 before unifying with Haiti a year later. In 1844, the members of La Trinitaria chose El Conde, the prominent “Gate of the Count
13415790
France–Haiti relations


France–Haiti relations are foreign relations between France and Haiti. Both nations are members of the Francophonie, United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. The first French to arrive to Haiti were pirates who began to use the island of Tortuga (northern Haiti) in 1625 as a base and settlement for raids against Spanish ships. In 1663, French settlers founded a colony in Léogâne, on the western portion of Hispaniola. After the Nine Years' War in 1697, Spain ceded the western portion of Hispaniola with the signing
7379886
Military history of Haiti


The origins of the military history of Haiti lie in the country's revolution. A decade of warfare produced a military cadre from which Haiti's early leaders emerged. Defeat of the French demonstrated Haiti's considerable strategic stamina and tactical capabilities, but Haiti's victory did not translate into a successful national government or a strong economy. Lacking a strong constitution, Haiti was usually ruled by force. The armed forces, who had been united against the French, fragmented into warring regional factions. The military very soon took control of almost
2319460
Sébastien Thurière


the Haiti national team and was first called into the squad for the 2014 Caribbean Cup. Thurière has become a regular member of the national side, recording one assist in a qualification game (Haiti 1-0 Trinidad) helped Haiti qualify for the first time in the Nation's history for the Copa America Centario. He has been selected for 30 matches, and has earned himself 20 caps with the Senior team in which many he has started. He has participated in World Cup Qualifiers for 2018 Russia, Caribbean Cup 2014 (
14991423
History of Haitian nationality and citizenship


United States' stance on black liberation began to shift, so did their views of Haiti and Liberia (another free black country). As an imperialistic nation, the US had trouble with a nation that granted civil status to whom they deemed unworthy; while they had slavery, the US could not recognize Haiti. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln officially recognized Haiti and Liberia as independent and sovereign, and signed a treaty of amity and commerce in 1865. The subsequent black Haitian ambassador in Washington, D.C. was recognized as an equal
2703672
Palace of Nations


The Palace of Nations (, ) is the home of the United Nations Office at Geneva, located in Geneva, Switzerland. It was built between 1929 and 1938 to serve as the headquarters of the League of Nations. It has served as the home of the United Nations Office at Geneva since 1946 when the Secretary-General of the United Nations signed a Headquarters Agreement with the Swiss authorities, although Switzerland did not become a member of the United Nations until 2002. In 2012 alone, the Palace of Nations hosted more than
16239643
Robert V. Lee


“Tomorrow’s Haiti” empowerment plan. By starting with education – including vocational and life skills training for young adults, as well as HIV/AIDS health curriculum introduced into the BAEH schools – “Tomorrow’s Haiti” will empower Haiti's people to lift themselves up. From there, “Tomorrow’s Haiti” will become a holistic initiative, based on UNICEF's Child-Friendly City model, which will address the needs stated by word leaders and the Haitian Prime Minister during the United Nations Haiti Donors Conference in 2010.
348395
Member states of the Caribbean Community


Jamaica’s minister of industry, commerce, and tourism. Patterson welcomed the initiative and promised Jamaica’s unconditional support. Despite Patterson’s efforts, the CARICOM secretariat did not respond positively to the request, and CARICOM leadership decided to pursue a special type of relationship with Haiti. Haiti was later accepted as an observer in 1982 following an application for closer relations with the Community. On July 3, 1997, almost 25 years later, CARICOM chairman and Prime Minister of Jamaica Percival J. Patterson announced that Haiti was to become the fifteenth
12818711
United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti


one year in a Pakistan prison. In November 2007, 114 members of the 950-member Sri Lanka peacekeeping contingent in Haiti were accused of sexual misconduct and abuse. 108 members, including 3 officers were sent back after being implicated in alleged misconduct and sexual abuse. UN spokeswoman Michele Montas said: "The United Nations and the Sri Lankan government deeply regret any sexual exploitation and abuse that has occurred." The Sri Lankan Officials claim that there is little tangible evidence on this case. After inquiry into the case the UN Office of
13153118
Download to Donate for Haiti V2.0


first "Download to Donate for Haiti" were included in the album. The cause has raised more than $26,000. The donations support Artists for Peace and Justice, , Direct Relief, Partners In Health and the United Nations Foundation, as well as reconstruction and the delivery of food, water and medical care in Haiti. On February 22, 2011, Linkin Park members Chester Bennington, Brad Delson, Joe Hahn and Rob Bourdon joined United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon in a Facebook Town Hall discussion on their continued
3046700
United Nations Mission in Haiti


which was made of 20,000 members. Their goal was to help reform different aspects of their society that has been broken down over the many years of corruption. There has been many different groups located in different areas in Haiti designated to help certain aspects of society. The United Nations chooses qualified professionals from around that world who will play a role in the aid of the country. From the 1993 to the current mission ongoing now, the UN’s years of service in Haiti have made many positive contributions to the progress of the
8731282
Humanitarian response by national governments to the 2010 Haiti earthquake


clinic in Port-au-Prince. In January 2010, an additional 10-member team was sent to review the area and determine on-site needs. In March 2010, South Korea sent in a further 250 member force to Haiti for a United Nations (UN)-led peacekeeping mission to help rebuild. South Korea has provided a total of over in aid, which is by far the largest aid package from East Asia, making it one of the main contributors of humanitarian aid to Haiti. The large-scale relief effort is seen
1949492
Yéle Haiti


February of that year, the "New York Times" reported that questions were raised over its finances, and that funds had been used to benefit Jean personally and members of his circle. The charity is subject to suits in Haiti attempting to recover unpaid debts. Yéle Haiti was founded as a charitable organization by Haitian musician and rapper Wyclef Jean. Born in Haiti and immigrating with his family to the United States at age nine, he grew up in northern New Jersey. Becoming a Grammy Award-winning musician and rapper,
14697371
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1141


United Nations Security Council resolution 1141, adopted unanimously on 28 November 1997, after recalling all relevant Security Council and General Assembly resolutions on Haiti and noting the termination of the United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti in accordance with Resolution 1123 (1997), the Council established the United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH) to continue assisting Haiti's police for a year. The Security Council recognised that the United Nations police missions had played an important role in the professionalisation of the Haitian National Police and restoration of justice in Haiti
9498847
Ebenezer Bassett


. In nominating Bassett to become Minister Resident to Haiti (the title Ambassador would not be used by the U.S. until 1893), Grant appointed him as one of the highest-ranking blacks in the U.S. government. Bassett's accreditation to the "Black Republic" was no accident either. Though Haiti had gained its independence from France in 1804, it was not officially recognized by the United States until 1862. Southern resistance to a former colony governed by ex-slaves becoming a "nation" had prevented the United States from
3696398
Bahá'í Faith in Haiti


By 1957 the Blackwells had again returned to Haiti for a shorter stay. In 1958 a United Nations Day celebration was set by the Bahá'ís at which some 70 non-Bahá'ís attended and Bahá'í marriage ceremonies were accepted legally. In 1958 Haiti hosted the convention to elect the regional assembly of the Greater Antilles as well as the first international school of the Antilles with attendees from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Haiti. Hand of the Cause Ugo Giachery and then US National Assembly member Glenford Mitchell met with the Antillees assembly
7470847
Foreign relations of Trinidad and Tobago


CARICOM, Trinidad and Tobago strongly backed efforts by the United States to bring political stability to Haiti, contributing personnel to the Multinational Force in 1994. After its 1962 independence, Trinidad and Tobago joined the United Nations and Commonwealth of Nations. In 1967, it became the first Commonwealth country to join the Organization of American States (OAS). In 1995, Trinidad played host to the inaugural meeting of the Association of Caribbean States and has become the seat of this 35-member grouping, which seeks to further economic progress and integration among
11279242
National security of China


Force. There are militia forces of indeterminate strength under the control of the Chinese Communist Party] (CCP). Once a critical part of Mao Zedong’s "people's war" strategy, militia units are no longer an essential part of China’s military and have mostly disbanded. In 2004 China deployed 95 riot police officers as part of a 125-member unit to Haiti for the United Nations (UN) Stabilization Mission in Haiti, a nation with which Beijing does not have diplomatic relations. As of that time, China had
16184889
2010 Haiti earthquake


over 95% were in the immediate Port-au-Prince area) "within six weeks of the earthquake" appears to be the 160,000 estimate in a 2010 University of Michigan study. Appeals for humanitarian aid were issued by many aid organizations, the United Nations and president René Préval. Raymond Joseph, Haiti's ambassador to the United States, and his nephew, singer Wyclef Jean, who was called upon by Préval to become a "roving ambassador" for Haiti, also pleaded for aid and donations. Images and testimonials
1422979
Christopher Hotel


The Christopher Hotel (also called Hotel Christopher) was a hotel in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, destroyed in the 2010 Haiti earthquake on 12 January 2010. Prior to its destruction, it was a 3-star, 74-key, 5-story hotel built into the hillside, overlooking the capital of Haiti, Port-au-Prince. The hotel housed the headquarters for the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. The hotel allegedly did not meet the UN's Minimum Operational Safety Standard, and reportedly the stabilization mission's 2009 procurement plan
1626301
Haiti national football team


The Haiti national football team (, ) represents Haiti in international football. Haiti is administered by the Fédération Haïtienne de Football (FHF), the governing body for football in Haiti. They have been a member of FIFA since 1934, a member of CONCACAF since 1961 and a member of the Caribbean Football Union (CFU) since 1978. Haiti's home ground is Stade Sylvio Cator in Port-au-Prince and their head coach was Patrice Neveu, until December 2016. Haiti has one of the longest football traditions in
17242549
Haiti national football team


Parc Leconte in Port-au-Prince, having lost twice (1–3, 0–6) and one resulting in a 1–1 draw. Haiti will then reappear on the international scene almost twenty years later, since the Federation did not enter the national team for the World Cup qualifiers of the 1938 and 1950. For the 1954 edition held in Switzerland, the team under Frenchman Baron Paul found themselves in a qualification pool with the United States and Mexico. Haiti finished in last place, losing all of its matches, with a very
17242551
Roger Saint-Vil


Roger Saint-Vil "(also spelled St. Vil)" (born December 8, 1949 in Port-au-Prince, Haiti) was a Haitian football (soccer) left wing who played professionally in the United States and Haiti. He was a member of the Haitian national team at the 1974 FIFA World Cup. Saint-Vil attended Tertullien Guilbaud primary school. In 1963 when he was sixteen, he signed for Zénith in the Haitian Third Division. In 1964, he moved to Racing Club Haïtien. He began
17813133
Jean-Claude Duvalier


Fujimorihaving amassed between US$300million and US$800million. Following the ousting of president Jean-Bertrand Aristide in February 2004, Duvalier announced his intention to return to Haiti to run for president in the 2006 elections for the National Unity Party; however, he did not become a candidate. While apparently living modestly in exile, Duvalier did have supporters, who founded the François Duvalier Foundation in 2006 to highlight positive aspects of the Duvalier presidency, including the creation of most of Haiti's state institutions and improved access to education for the country
13569808
Humanitarian response by national governments to the 2010 Haiti earthquake


granted humanitarian visas to the family members of Haitian-Mexicans. As of 27 April 2010, the number of Haitian citizens granted visas was 324, with 250 arriving on the Mexican naval ship ARM "Usumacinta" (A412). During a visit to the national Mexican Red Cross Collection Center, Mexican President Felipe Calderón announced that Mexico will make a special donation to Haiti of US$8 million, which will be channeled through the United Nations. To help with Haiti's recovery, Mexico will give scholarships to 300 Haitian students to
1949404
History of Guatemala


gave them checks to cover the costs of their presidential campaigns. Reyna Barrios went on to become President on 15 March 1892. In the 1890s, the United States began to implement the Monroe Doctrine, pushing out European colonial powers and establishing U.S. hegemony over resources and labor in Latin American nations. The dictators that ruled Guatemala during the late 19th and early 20th century were generally very accommodating to U.S. business and political interests; thus, unlike other Latin American nations such as Haiti, Nicaragua and Cuba the U.S. did not have to
11807213
United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti


The United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (UNSTAMIH) (), also known as MINUSTAH, an acronym of the French name, was a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Haiti that was in operation from 2004 to 2017. The mission's military component was led by the Brazilian Army and the force commander is Brazilian. The force is composed of 2,366 military personnel and 2,533 police, supported by international civilian personnel, a local civilian staff and United Nations Volunteers. Following the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the United Nations reported that the headquarters
13153079
Armed Forces of Haiti


because Haiti's political environment remained volatile and because the army did not always appear to be in control of the country, Haiti faced more unrest and the possible development of insurgency movements. On the one hand, Haiti's armed forces was still one of the few institutions of national magnitude, but, on the other hand, the armed forces suffered from serious institutional deterioration and diminished cohesion. In 1989 the military was struggling to provide political leadership at a time when it faced its own disintegration. After years of military interference in
18394245
Haiti indemnity controversy


the deployment of an international peacekeeping force to Haiti until after the president's departure was linked to Aristide's demand for reparations, which were unpopular in Paris." The United Nations Security Council, of which France is a permanent member, rejected a February 26, 2004, appeal from the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) for international peacekeeping forces to be sent into its member state Haiti, but voted unanimously to send in troops three days later, just hours after Aristide's controversial resignation. "I believe that (the call for
2663639
Madagascar


). The regions are further subdivided into 119 districts, 1,579 communes, and 17,485 "fokontany". Agriculture has long influenced settlement on the island. Only 15% of the nation's 24,894,551 population live in the 10 largest cities. Madagascar became a Member State of the United Nations on 20 September 1960, shortly after gaining its independence on 26 June 1960. As of January 2017, 34 police officers from Madagascar are deployed in Haiti as part of the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti. Starting in 2015, under the
19258205
United Nations Security Council Resolution 944


the departure of the "de facto" authorities, the return of Jean-Bertrand Aristide and the restoration of the legitimate Government of Haiti. It welcomed that initial units of the multinational force were peacefully deployed on 19 September 1994, and awaited the completion of its mission and to the deployment of the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH). The Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali was requested to take steps to ensure the immediate completion of the deployment of the 60-person UNMIH advance team, urging Member States to contribute towards
20740582
Military history of Haiti


its members received no salary, even though they worked for the National Palace (Palais National). They made their livings, instead, through extortion and petty crime. Rural members of the VSN, who wore blue denim uniforms, had received some training from the army, while the plainclothed members, with their dark glasses, served as Haiti's criminal-investigation force (see Public Order, this ch.). When Jean-Claude Duvalier ("Baby Doc") came to power in 1971, the country's
2319474
Haiti


neighboring population for some time. In 1941, during the Second World War, Haiti declared war on Japan (8 December), Germany (12 December), Italy (12 December), Bulgaria (24 December), Hungary (24 December) and Romania (24 December). Out of these six Axis countries, only Romania reciprocated, declaring war on Haiti on the same day (24 December 1941). On 27 September 1945, Haiti became a founding member of the United Nations (successor to the League of
13003493
2010s Haiti cholera outbreak


The 2010 Haitian cholera outbreak was the first modern large-scale outbreak of cholera – a disease once considered beaten back largely due to the invention of modern sanitation. Since its reintroduction to Haiti in October 2010, cholera has spread across the country and has become endemic, causing high levels of both morbidity and mortality. Since its reintroduction to Haiti following the 2010 Haitian earthquake, nearly 800,000 Haitians have been infected by cholera, and more than 9,000 have died, according to the United Nations (UN). Cholera transmission in Haiti
14879052
Canada–Haiti relations


Canada–Haiti relations are relations between Canada and Haiti. During the unsettled period from 1957 to 1990, Canada received many Haitian refugees, who now form a significant minority in Quebec. Canada participated in various international interventions in Haiti between 1994 and 2004, and continues to provide substantial aid to Haiti. Haiti is in the west of the island of Hispaniola. In 1797 Toussaint Louverture led a successful revolt against the French and made Haiti the first independent Caribbean nation, although government was unsettled until 1915, when the United States occupied
8136001
Golman Pierre


2001 championship winning season. He retired in 2005 when FICA did not hold its position in the elite of Haitian football for the first time in his career when regulated to the Second Division. Late during his career, he has been linked to many allegations of transfer to European-based teams but ultimately remained with FICA, where he would win 2 national championships in a ten-year span. He made his national team debut in 1996 and was a Haiti squad member for the 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup. He played in 11
10381205
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties


Members of the United Nations or Parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice, there is no ambiguity. However, a difficulty has occurred as to possible participation in treaties when entities which appeared otherwise to be States could not be admitted to the United Nations, nor become Parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice owing to the opposition, for political reasons, of a permanent member of the Security Council or have not applied for ICJ or UN membership. Since that difficulty did not arise as concerns membership in
14401732
Humanitarian response by national governments to the 2010 Haiti earthquake


minor surgeries as well as other conditions, Al Kaabi noted. A pictures of a members of the Qatari urban search and rescue team praying at the Toussaint Louverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince, Haiti was taken on 20 January 2010. Saudi Arabia: The Saudi Arabian Foreign Ministry announced that the kingdom will donate in humanitarian aid. This money is confirmed to have been delivered by the United Nations. From the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA); "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has
1949483
United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti


General Ban also launched "a new approach" to cholera by the UN, in the form of a two track plan. The UN would raise $400 million in voluntary contributions from member states, with $200 million dedicated to providing material assistance to communities most affected by cholera, and another $200 million going to fight the disease. Unfortunately the plan has gained little traction among member states. The UN did not require that the remainder of the funds allocated to the MINUSTAH be repurposed for Cholera reparations, which resulted in
13153110
United Nations Security Council Resolution 862


United Nations Security Council resolution 862, adopted unanimously on 31 August 1993, after recalling resolutions 841 (1993), 861 (1993) and an agreement between the President of Haiti and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti, the Council reaffirmed the international community's commitment to a solution in Haiti and discussed the establishment of a new police force in Haiti under a proposed United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH). The immediate dispatch of an advance team of no more than 30 personnel to assess requirements
15885421
Foreign relations of Saint Lucia


American-led invasion of Grenada in 1983, sending members of its Special Services Unit into active duty. It was subsequently one of eight countries to cast a vote against a United Nations General Assembly motion condemning the invasion. As a member of CARICOM, St. Lucia strongly backed efforts by the United States to implement UN Security Council Resolution 940, designed to restore democracy to Haiti. St. Lucia agreed to contribute personnel to the multinational force which restored the democratically elected government of Haiti in October 1994. St. Lucia participated along with 14
7474212
Ruth VanSickle Ford


be found in many museums and private collections, including the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. Her works were exhibited in 1933 to 1934 at the Art Institute of Chicago's "Century of Progress" show. Ford traveled to particularly colorful places like Bermuda, Haiti, Mexico and places within the United States to make some of her favorite paintings. Since her husband did not enjoy traveling, she went by herself or with her daughter. In Haiti her work was exhibited at the National Museum of Art, Haiti; She was the
12784661
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1658


a new President and recognised that a new chapter in the international community's efforts in Haiti would begin with the installation of a new government. Council members stressed that security, the rule of law, political reconciliation and development were essential to the stability of Haiti; several paragraphs of the resolution dealt with the role of MINUSTAH assisting Haiti in these respects, including reform and human rights, though the Haitian people themselves were responsible for achieving these aims. Furthermore, international institutions were urged to continue to provide donations previously pledged to Haiti
16253293
John Tree


for returning Haitian migrants to Haiti and for Operation Uphold Democracy in 1994. He served as part of the United Nations Mission in Haiti, wearing the blue beret associated with the United Nations. As a captain with seven years of full-time service in 1997, he separated from active duty and immediately became a member of the Air Force Reserve. He was soon promoted to major and became an acquisition officer at the Headquarters of Air Force Material Command at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. He worked on major Air
20579044
2010 Haiti earthquake


who served as the Governor General of Canada at the time of the disaster, and who became United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Special Envoy for Haiti on 8 November 2010, voiced her anger at the slow rate of aid delivery. She blamed the international community for abandoning its commitments. In a public letter co-authored with UNESCO head Irina Bokova, Jean said, "As time passes, what began as a natural disaster is becoming a disgraceful reflection on the international community." The Interim Haiti
1423037
Armed Forces of Haiti


politics, including dozens of military coups (from two Duvalier-period attempts in 1958 and 1963 to the last one staged in 1991), Haiti disbanded its military in 1995. Haiti's National Assembly created new civilian law enforcement, with the heavily armed Haitian National Police, and the Haitian Coast Guard, with the help of the United States and the United Nations. Yet, to date there has been no official constitutional amendment to abolish the military. The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) has been authorized to
18394246
United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti


and order, setting up and operating checkpoints, and anti-crime operations. Two Indian police units will remain in Haiti after MINUSTAH ends on 15 October 2017, to serve in the successor mission, the United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH). On 23 February 2004, the United Nations Security Council was convened at the request of CARICOM for the first time in four years to address the deteriorating situation in Haiti. On 29 February 2004, the Security Council passed a resolution "taking note of the resignation
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United Nations Mission in Haiti


The United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) was a peacekeeping operation carried out by the United Nations between September 1993 and June 1996. The Mission was reestablished ("MINUSTAH") in April 2004, after a rebellion took over most of Haiti and President Bertrand Aristide resigned. Aristide controversially contends that he was forced from office and kidnapped into exile by agents of the United States. For most of the Cold War (from 1946 to 1986), Haiti was under dictatorial rule. After the February 1986 military ouster of Jean
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Christiana Figueres


solution. Christiana Figueres completed her second term as Executive Secretary of the UNFCCC on 6 July 2016. She has since worked as convenor of Mission 2020. On 7 July 2016, Christina Figueres became the official Costa Rican candidate for the United Nations Secretary General. The UN's role in the Haiti cholera outbreak has been widely discussed and criticized. There is evidence that the UN was the proximate cause for bringing cholera to Haiti. Peacekeepers sent to Haiti from Nepal were carrying asymptomatic cholera and they did not treat their waste properly before
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Projects of the Caribbean Community


Guyana, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago as the first full members. On 3 July 2006, the total membership was brought up to twelve when Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines became full members. The British overseas territory of Montserrat is seeking permission from the United Kingdom to become a part of the single market; Haiti will not join the market initially because of its difficult internal political situation; and the Bahamas will not join because of local opposition
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Haiti–India relations


established on 27 September 1996. The High Commission of India in Kingston, Jamaica was originally concurrently accredited to Haiti until late 2003, when it was transferred to the Embassy of India in Havana. Haiti appointed a Consul General in New Delhi in October 2014. Haiti and India signed an MoU agreeing to hold regular Foreign Office Consultations on 31 May 2001. India sent 141 Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) personnel to serve in the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) in October 2008. A contingent of personnel from
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Haiti National Trust


Haiti National Trust is an international, non-governmental, and non-profit environmental organization dedicated to protecting the biodiversity of Haiti. The Haiti National Trust seeks to establish more protected areas, including national parks, and to stop the destruction of forests, which is the primary cause of species loss in Haiti. The trust also advocates protection of the country’s fragile coral reefs and coastal ecosystems. It was founded in 2015 by Philippe Bayard, president and founding member of the Audubon Society of Haiti, and S. Blair Hedges,
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2010s Haiti cholera outbreak


dollars in reparations over the outbreak thought to have been caused by UN members of MINUSTAH. In February 2013, the United Nations responded by invoking its immunity from lawsuits under the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations. On 9 October 2013, Bureau des Avocats Internationaux (BAI), the Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti (IJDH), and civil rights lawyer Ira Kurzban's law firm Kurzban Kurzban Weinger Tetzeli & Pratt, P.A.(KKWT) filed a lawsuit against the UN in the Southern District of New York
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Humanitarian response by national governments to the 2010 Haiti earthquake


Government of Barbados established a mechanism to coordinate national relief efforts and identify military personnel to aid in the earthquake damaged areas. Belize: The Government of Belize has offered aid to Haiti. Costa Rica: On 13 January 2010, Costa Rican President Óscar Arias announced that Costa Rica would be sending as much help as possible when the United Nations had a list ready. Arias also said that it was time for the world to remember Haiti. On 15 January 2010, Costa Rica sent a team of 55 personnel trained in the search
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1123


United Nations Security Council resolution 1123, adopted unanimously on 30 July 1997, after recalling all relevant Security Council and General Assembly resolutions on Haiti and noting the termination of the United Nations Support Mission in Haiti in accordance with Resolution 1086 (1996), the Council established the United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH) to assist with the national police force. The Security Council noted the role that the United Nations had played in the establishment of the Haitian National Police. It also emphasised the importance of a professional, fully functioning
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Anti-Duvalier protest movement


to return to Haiti to run for president in the 2006 elections for the National Unity Party. Duvalier still has had supporters in the country who founded the François Duvalier Foundation in 2006 to promote positive aspects of the Duvalier presidency, including the creation of most of Haiti's state institutions and improved access to education for the country's black majority. However, ultimately he did not become a presidential candidate. On 23 September 2007, an address by Duvalier to Haitians was broadcast by radio. Although he said exile had "broken"
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Haiti


Haiti, Henri I—built it to withstand a possible foreign attack. It is a founding member of the United Nations, Organization of American States (OAS), Association of Caribbean States, and the International Francophonie Organisation. In addition to CARICOM, it is a member of the International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. It has the lowest Human Development Index in the Americas. Most recently, in February 2004, a "coup d'état" originating in the north of
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Haiti–Mexico relations


-state to visit Haiti. While in Haiti, President Calderon met with Haitian President Michel Martelly and they discussed bilateral relations between both nations and Mexico's development aid to the country. In 2016, approximately 5,000 Haitian nationals, while in Mexico; were denied entry into the United States when President Barack Obama ended allowing Haitians into the country on humanitarian grounds. Many of the Haitians remained in Mexico, primarily in the border cities of Mexicali and Tijuana. As part of an effort to increase humanitarian assistance and help with the recuperation
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 861


United Nations Security Council resolution 861, adopted unanimously on 27 August 1993, after recalling Resolution 841 (1993) and welcoming an agreement between the President of Haiti and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti, the Council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, suspended international sanctions against Haiti. At the same time, the sanctions would be reimposed if at any point the Council is informed by the Secretary-General that the parties to the agreement or any other authorities in Haiti had not
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 867


United Nations Security Council resolution 867, adopted unanimously on 23 September 1993, after recalling resolutions 841 (1993), 861 (1993) and 862 (1993) on the situation in Haiti, the Council reiterated its position of protecting international peace and stability and established the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH). The Council received a proposal from the Government of Haiti concerning the creation of a new police force and in modernising the Haitian armed forces. On 3 July 1993, the President of Haiti and the commander of the
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Canada–Haiti relations


to send troops to enforce a blockade around Haiti. Canada's decision to intervene in Haiti in this time period was largely propelled by the demands and concerns of the Haitian-Francophonie population living in Quebec at the time. Later that year, Canada assisted in the United Nations Mission in Haiti, a peacekeeping operation carried out by the United Nations between September 1993 and June 1996. The Force Commander from March to June 1996, Brigadier-General J.R.P. Daigle was Canadian. Daigle continued as commander of the United Nations Support Mission in
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John Lewis (civil rights leader)


"Where is the sense of decency? What does it profit a great nation to conquer the world, only to lose its soul?" In 1994, when Clinton was considering invading Haiti, Lewis, in contrast to the Congressional Black Caucus as a whole, opposed armed intervention. When Clinton did send troops to Haiti, Lewis called for supporting the troops and called the intervention a "mission of peace". In 1998, when Clinton was considering a military strike against Iraq, Lewis said he would back the president if
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Nigeria and the United Nations


Nigeria is a member of the United Nations. Nigeria did not become independent of the United Kingdom until 1960, while the United Nations had already been established by the Declaration by United Nations in 1942. Tijjani Muhammad-Bande is the permanent representative of Nigeria. In 2013, Nigeria contributed the fifth largest number of peacekeepers to United Nations peacekeeping operations. Nigeria has recently served a two-year term from 2014-2015 as a temporary member of the United Nations Security Council. The United Nations is currently adjusting the border of Nigeria
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Herrera v. Wyoming


Herrera v. Wyoming, No. 17-532, 587 U.S. ___ (2019), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that Wyoming's statehood did not void the Crow Tribe's right to hunt on "unoccupied lands of the United States" under an 1868 treaty, and that the Bighorn National Forest did not automatically become "occupied" when the forest was created. Clayvin Herrera is a member of the Crow Tribe of Indians. In January 2014, He, along with several other
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Brazil and the United Nations


Federative Republic of Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations and participates in all of its specialized agencies. Brazil is among the twenty top contributors to United Nations peacekeeping operations, and has participated in peacekeeping efforts in the Middle East, the former Belgian Congo, Cyprus, Mozambique, Angola, and more recently East Timor and Haiti. Brazil has been regularly elected as a non-permanent member to the Security Council since its first session in 1946 and is now among the most elected UN member states to the UNSC, with
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1212


United Nations Security Council resolution 1212, adopted on 25 November 1998, after recalling all relevant resolutions on Haiti including Resolution 1141 (1997), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH) for an additional year. The Security Council noted that the United Nations Civilian Police, the International Civilian Mission and the United Nations Development Programme had played a key role in Haiti by helping to build a police force and restore democracy and justice. In this regard, it welcomed the continued professionalisation of
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HIV/AIDS in Haiti


of "The Origins of AIDS", stipulated that Haiti was one of HIV's entry points to the United States. In July 1960, when Belgian Congo gained independence, the United Nations recruited Francophone experts and technicians from all over the world to assist in filling administrative gaps left by Belgium. By 1962, Haitians made up the second largest group of well-educated experts in the country totaling around 4500. One of them may have carried HIV back across the Atlantic in the 1960s. Pépin argues that its spread in Haiti
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Alexandre Boucicaut


scored Haiti's lone goal in the 67th minute of the team's surprising 1-1 draw with the United States in an international friendly in 2004 at the Orange Bowl in Miami. Boucicaut was named to Haiti's 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup squad at the age of 20. Made his debut for the Haitian Senior Team in 2002 in a match against Honduras. Played 15 games for the Haitian U-23 National Team, including three games during CONCACAF qualifying for the 2004 Olympics. He also was a Haiti squad member at the 2002 and
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2008 Pétion-Ville school collapse


out of. Haiti's neighbor, the Dominican Republic, sent two helicopters to assist in evacuating the injured. United Nations peacekeepers, stationed in the country since the 2004 coup d'état, assisted in the rescue efforts, as did members of the aid group Doctors Without Borders and the International Red Cross. The U.S. Agency for International Development sent a disaster response team to the school, and provided more logistical and rescue equipment. This consists of some 38 Virginia search-and-rescue officials and four rescue dogs, (led by
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1277


United Nations Security Council resolution 1277, adopted on 30 November 1999, after recalling all relevant resolutions on Haiti including Resolution 1212 (1998), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH) pending the transition to a civilian group by 15 March 2000. The Security Council took note of a request by the Haitian government for the establishment of an International Civilian Support Mission in Haiti (MICAH) in the country. Various United Nations operations had contributed significantly to the professionalisation of the Haitian National
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1063


United Nations Security Council resolution 1063, adopted unanimously on 28 June 1996, after recalling all Security Council and General Assembly resolutions on Haiti and the termination of the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) on 30 June 1996 in accordance with Resolution 1048 (1996), the Council decided to establish the United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH) to train a national police force and maintain a stable environment. The Security Council affirmed the importance of a fully operational professional Haitian police force and the revitalisation of the legal system.
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Dominican Republic national football team


the 1968 Summer Olympics of Mexico. The first leg was played at home on 21 May and Haiti won 8–0. The second leg in Haiti was won by the hosts 6–0 on 27 May, as Haiti went through 14–0 on aggregate. The Dominican Republic did not play another match until March 1970, when they entered at the 1970 Central American and Caribbean Games in Panama. They were placed in a group with Puerto Rico and Venezuela. The Dominican Republic lost 5–0 to Venezuela on 4 March, then gained their first ever win
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United States occupation of Haiti


the National City Bank and the National Bank of Haiti (which was already under foreign direction). The U.S. took the gold to National City Bank's New York City vault. In February 1915, Jean Vilbrun Guillaume Sam, son of a former Haitian president, established a dictatorship. Five months later, facing a new anti-American revolt, he ordered the massacre of 167 political prisoners. All of the victims were from prominent families, mostly members of the better educated and wealthier mixed-race population with German connections.
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Member states of the United Nations


Poland, which was not represented at the conference, signed it on 15 October 1945. The original members of the United Nations were: France, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Byelorussia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon
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Humanitarian response by national governments to the 2010 Haiti earthquake


Nations special fund for Haiti. Turkmenistan: Turkmen President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow announced that Turkmenistan would send to the United Nations special fund for Haiti. The money was not delivered to the UN fund for Haiti, at least not as of six months after the pledge. Afghanistan: Afghanistan pledged or gave US$200,000 in aid to Haiti. "Even countries with their own troubles rushed to Haiti's aid: Afghanistan provided $200,000." Bangladesh: Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina ordered the health ministry to send a medical team to Haiti.
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Caribbean Community


trade disputes. The secretariat headquarters is in Georgetown, Guyana. CARICOM is an official United Nations Observer. CARICOM was established by the English-speaking parts of the Caribbean, and currently includes all the independent anglophone island countries plus Belize, Guyana and Montserrat, as well as all other British Caribbean territories and Bermuda as associate members. English was its sole working language into the 1990s. The organization has become multilingual with the addition of Dutch-speaking Suriname in 1995 and Haitian- and French-speaking Haiti in 2002. Furthermore,
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 873


United Nations Security Council resolution 873, adopted unanimously on 13 October 1993, after recalling resolutions 841 (1993), 861 (1993), 862 (1993) and 867 (1993), the Council noted the continued obstruction of the arrival of the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) and the failure of the Armed Forces of Haiti to carry out their responsibilities and therefore reimposed international sanctions against Haiti that were previously suspended. The decision was taken under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, after the Council learned of
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Michele Mitchell (journalist)


?" web series debuted on social media in January 2011. She then produced and directed a television documentary, also called "Haiti: Where Did the Money Go?", which was made into a film in 2012. The film, which aired over 1,000 times in the United States on PBS stations generated controversy, when the American Red Cross attacked it as "inaccurate." However, the film was widely embraced, both critically and by the Haitian community, activists, aid workers and Members of Congress. In 2013
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Christianity in Haiti


killed many missionaries and their converts. Under French rule, Capuchins and Jesuits did most of the missionary work in the 18th century. From 1804, when independence was declared, until 1860, the country was in schism. Relations were regularized by a concordat concluded in 1860, when an archdiocese and four dioceses were established. Most of the population of Haiti adheres to the Catholic faith, though some combine this with elements of vodou. Protestantism was introduced to the newly independent nation in 1807, and missionary efforts have been ongoing.
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Chile–Haiti relations


Army Major Rodrigo Vázquez directed rescue efforts for the earthquake. Chilean Brigadier General Eduardo Aldunate Herman was the vice commander of the United Nations peacekeeping mission in Haiti. Chile sent 650 peacekeeping troops to the island as part of the United Nations peace keeping mission. Praising the work of the Chilean policemen in Haiti, National Police official Javiera Blanco said, "Even though today there is a need for the key presence of this mission, which is in mid term, the exit should be prepared for, considering that the country (Haiti
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Foreign relations of Haiti


also require visas to visit Haiti, not only due to the hostile, sometimes volatile relations between both nations, but also because since the late 1990s, the Dominican Republic has become another base for illicit drugs bound for the United States, which usually enter illegally via Puerto Rico. Once in Puerto Rico, drugs can easily reach the United States due to the absence of both immigration and customs between that island and the mainland. Disputes - international: claims US-administered Navassa Island Illicit drugs: major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine
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United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti


million to combat cholera. However, following the pledge, there was much discontent with the UN's progress. 19 members of the U.S. Congress urged the UN to take responsibility for cholera in Haiti. In two separate occasions, members of the US Congress sent a letter to the US ambassador to the UN, Susan Rice, urging her and the organization to ensure that the cholera initiative was fully funded and implemented quickly. Nineteen US Representatives also wrote to Ban Ki-Moon to express concerns about the seeming lack of progress in
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