what is the significance of the ravens at the tower of london
Ravens of the Tower of London


A group of at least six captive ravens are resident at the Tower of London. Their presence is traditionally believed to protect The Crown and the tower; a superstition holds that "if the Tower of London ravens are lost or fly away, the Crown will fall and Britain with it". Some historians, including the Tower's official historian believe the "tower's raven mythology is likely to be a Victorian flight of fantasy". The earliest known reference to captive ravens at the Tower is an illustration from 1883. Historically
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Ravens of the Tower of London


, wild ravens were common throughout Britain, even in towns, the tower being within their natural range. When they were exterminated from much of their traditional range, including London, they could only exist at the tower in captivity and with official support. The Tower ravens are tended to by an official Ravenmaster. Local legend puts the origin of the captive raven population at the time of King Charles II (reigned 1660–85). Some of the ravens at the tower were specially bred in Somerset. The earliest legends that connects the
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Ravens of the Tower of London


Jane Grey in 1554, purportedly "pecking the eyes from the severed head" of the queen. In his article "How Ravens Came to the Tower of London", American author Boria Sax came to the conclusion that "the ravens were originally brought in to dramatise the alleged site of executions at the Tower". One legend attributes the start of the tradition of keeping ravens with clipped wings in the Tower of London to Charles II and to his royal astronomer John Flamsteed, although there are versions of the legend that differ
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Ravens of the Tower of London


the correct size. The Tower ravens are enlisted as soldiers of the Kingdom and were issued attestation cards in the same way as soldiers and police. As with soldiers, they can be dismissed for unsatisfactory conduct. Today the Tower's ravens are one of the attractions for tourists visiting the City of London. However, visitors are advised not to feed the birds, and warned that a raven will bite if it feels threatened. Since 1987, the Tower ravens have been the subject of a successful captive breeding programme. For example
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Ravens of the Tower of London


helped keep the streets clean. However, in later years wild ravens were viewed as a threat to livestock, and during the 19th century they were eliminated in many areas by systematic hunting and shooting. The last time ravens nested in the wild in London was in Hyde Park in 1826, but the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds reported in 2004 that ravens had been observed nesting in the Home Counties around London, as close as 30 miles from the Tower. The first two known depictions of ravens in the Tower of
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Ravens of the Tower of London


of the Druidic scholar, poet, and forger Iolo Morganwg, who convinced the family that their castle in Glamorgan had been the original residence of the raven-god Bran, actually an early king. The Earls may have thought of the ravens as avatars of Bran, and wished to assert a spiritual claim over the Tower. Geoffrey Parnell, the official Tower of London historian and a member of the Royal Armouries staff, also believes that the allegedly ancient history of captive ravens at the Tower is just a legend that was created
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Ravens of the Tower of London


but also of Greenwich, where the Greenwich Observatory was commissioned by the King in 1675. In this version of the legend the King complained: Yet another legend attributes the appearance of ravens in the Tower to the Great Fire of London in 1666. Wild ravens, as well as pigs and kites, were the biggest scavengers in medieval London. Allegedly after the fire, survivors started persecuting ravens for scavenging, but Flamsteed explained to Charles II that killing all ravens would be a bad omen, and that the kingdom would not outlive
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Common raven


Blessed, whose name translates to "raven." According to the "Mabinogion", Bran's head was buried in the White Hill of London as a talisman against invasion. A legend developed that England would not fall to a foreign invader as long as there were ravens at the Tower of London; although this is often thought to be an ancient belief, the official Tower of London historian, Geoff Parnell, believes that this is actually a romantic Victorian invention. In the Jewish, Christian and Islamic traditions, the raven
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Ravens of the Tower of London


Wales for attacking and destroying TV aerials. A special decree was issued about the incident: In 1996, two more ravens fell out of favour and were dismissed from the Tower for "conduct unbecoming Tower residents." Despite having their flight feathers clipped on one wing, sometimes the Tower ravens desert their duties. In 1981, Grog the raven decided to leave the surroundings of the Tower for those of a pub, after 21 years of faithful service to the Crown. In contrast, a raven named Mabel was kidnapped from the
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Yeomen Warders


the Tower of London. The official title has been in use since the 1960s. It is not known how long the ravens have been living in the Tower of London, but they were resident by the time of King Charles II. Legend maintains that should the ravens ever leave the Tower, the White Tower will fall and disaster will befall the kingdom. When John Flamsteed, the "astronomical observator", complained that the ravens interfered with observatory work, Charles initially ordered them destroyed, but reminded of the legend, the
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Cultural depictions of ravens


tower told to tourists by the Yeomen Warders. There is evidence that the original ravens were donated to the tower by the Earls of Dunraven, perhaps because of their association with the Celtic raven-god Bran. However wild ravens, which were once abundant in London and often seen around meat markets (such as nearby Eastcheap) foraging for scraps, could have roosted at the Tower in earlier times. During the Second World War, most of the Tower's ravens perished through shock during bombing raids, leaving only a mated pair
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Ravens of the Tower of London


the last killed raven. Charles II then ordered six birds to be kept at the Tower. Wild ravens are native to Britain (and most other parts of the Northern Hemisphere) although in recent times breeding populations are mostly restricted to the wilder western upland areas of the British Isles. It is quite likely that ravens lived in and around the Tower centuries ago, because until the 16th century, ravens lived in close proximity to people as well as in wild areas; they were welcomed in towns because their scavenging habits of feeding
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Ravens of the Tower of London


London both date from the year 1883. One is in a special edition of the newspaper "The Pictorial World" and the other is from the children's Book "London Town", written by Felix Leigh and illustrated by Thomas Crane and Elizabeth Houghton. Sax found the one early mention of importation of captive ravens in the 1918 book "The Tower from Within" by George Younghusband. Younghusband stated that the ravens were provided by the 4th Earl of Dunraven (1841–1926). The second Earl of Dunraven had been a patron
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Ravens of the Tower of London


. The story of their escape appeared in several local American papers. Dr Parnell also believes that the first captive ravens may have been introduced to the Tower as pets of the staff. After "The Raven" the famous narrative poem by American writer Edgar Allan Poe was first published in January 1845, the Western world became fascinated with the birds. Japanese novelist and scholar Natsume Sōseki visited the Tower in 1900. He wrote an account published in 1906 reporting a total of six ravens at the Tower as a central focus during and
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Christopher Skaife


Christopher Skaife is Yeoman Warder Ravenmaster at the Tower of London. His responsibilities include the care and feeding for the ravens of the Tower of London. Skaife grew up in Dover, and joined the British Army at the age of 18. Skaife is a retired Staff Sergeant, and a former Drum Major with the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment. In 2011, Skaife succeeded Derrick Coyle as Ravenmaster at the Tower of London, where he is responsible for seven ravens. In 2018, he published "The Ravenmaster", which
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Ravens of the Tower of London


his entourage with a "Good morning!". During the global spread of H5N1 virus ("bird flu") in 2006, the ravens of the Tower were taken inside, and lived in "custom-built aviaries". Raven Jubilee was presented to the Queen to mark the Diamond Jubilee in 2012, and later released in the Tower, bringing the total number to eight. In May 2013, two ravens were killed by a fox that managed to infiltrate the grounds, the only fox attack inside the walls ever
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Ravens of the Tower of London


Brân's head was buried beneath the White Hill would have served as protective reassurance in the Celtic tradition, just as modern ideas about the presence of ravens does. As such, it is likely to have its origins in British folklore. It was said that at the execution of Anne Boleyn in 1536, "Even the ravens of the Tower sat silent and immovable on the battlements and gazed eerily at the strange scene. A Queen about to die!" The ravens of the Tower behaved much worse during the execution of Lady
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Ravens of the Tower of London


individual birds. Ravens in captivity in the Tower grounds have had lifespans of over 40 years. The Tower's ravens are given individual names, and are all under the care of the Yeomen Warders. The diet of the ravens is carefully maintained. In 2007, the Ravenmaster Derek Coyle commented: "I buy fresh meat from Smithfield – liver, lamb, beef, chicken. And occasionally when I’m at my own place in Suffolk someone will give me some rabbit that’s been killed. If I see roadkill on the
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Ravens of the Tower of London


during the Victorian era. And during Parnell's research, despite the superstition that the Crown depends on the continued presence of the ravens, "[he] has found the blunt statement in the records 'there are none left' – and yet the monarchy and the tower have more or less survived". This alludes to a period right before the reopening of the Tower after World War II, when the only surviving ravens, the mated pair Mabel and Grip, disappeared from the Tower, perhaps eloping to a nearby wood
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Ravens of the Tower of London


Tower with a raven is the euhemerised Welsh tale of the War against the Irish leader Matholwch who had mistreated the princess Branwen. Branwen's brother Brân the Blessed (King of the Britons) ordered his followers to cut off his head and bury it beneath "The White Hill" (upon which the Tower now stands) facing out towards France as a talisman to protect Britain from foreign invasion. Brân is the modern Welsh word for raven and the magical and protective qualities of ravens are attested throughout Celtic Mythology. The knowledge that
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Ravens of the Tower of London


the "corpse", Edgar bit the man's finger and "flapped off croaking huge raven laughs". Likewise, "Merlin" is known for eliciting a commotion from visitors by occasionally playing dead. In 1990 a chaplain named Norman Hood died in his chamber on the Tower grounds. Former Assistant Ravenmaster Tom Trent has reported that the ravens appeared to be aware of the death, for they soon gathered on the Tower Green near the chapel, called out, and then became quiet, as though to pay their respects.
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Ravens of the Tower of London


in their details. According to one legend, John Flamsteed complained to Charles II that wild ravens were flying past his telescope and making it harder for him to observe the sky from his observatory in the White Tower. Flamsteed requested that the birds be removed, but Charles II refused to comply with this request. Another variation of this legend says that it was Charles II himself who disliked the wild ravens' droppings falling onto the telescope. The conversation with his astronomer that supposedly followed decided the fate not only of the ravens,
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Ravens of the Tower of London


following an execution at the site. It was noted, however, that Sōseki's writing style "blends fantasy, history, and present experience." The first reference to an early version of the legend that Britain will fall if the ravens leave the Tower comes from July 1944, when ravens were used as unofficial spotters for enemy bombs and planes during the Blitz of World War II. Only one raven was able to survive the wartime hardships, so Winston Churchill, then prime minister, ordered more to bring the flock to
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Ravens of the Tower of London


wharf on the Thames but she always returns due to the bonding with her keeper. During Skaife's tenure, only one raven, Munin, has escaped but was captured by a member of the public. The ravens cannot fly because the flight feathers on one wing are clipped. With a single wing clipped, they can only fly short distances to perch. Otherwise, as Boria Sax writes, tongue-in-cheek: Each Tower raven has a different coloured band on one leg, to make it easier to identify
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Ravens of the Tower of London


Tower soon after World War II, a mystery that has never been solved. Another story concerns the two ravens named "James Crow" and "Edgar Sopper". James Crow, who was a much-loved and long-lived raven, had died. After noticing the commotion surrounding the other raven's death, Edgar Sopper decided he could "play dead" in order to bring more attention to himself. His trick was so convincing that the ravenmaster fully believed that Edgar Sopper had died. When the ravenmaster picked up
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Ravens in Winter


contains Heinrich's own - and excellent - drawings of the various raven postures, a comprehensive review of the literature, beginning with the Bible, and even a section of the ravens of the Tower of London." Psychologists acknowledge that "Heinrich's helpful ravens [as discussed in "Ravens in Winter"] are now a classic example of animal altruism" It was a Evergreen Audubon & Nature Center Book of the Month. "Ravens in Winter" has also been reviewed by "AudioFile", "Scientific American",
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Cultural depictions of ravens


. Before the tower reopened to the public on 1 January 1946, care was taken to ensure that a new set of ravens was in place. Ravens appear as stock characters in several traditional Serbian epic poems. Like in many other cultures, the raven is associated with death - more specifically with an aftermath of a bloody or significant battle. Ravens often appear in pairs and play the role of harbingers of tragic news, usually announcing death of a hero or a group of heroes. They tend to appear in combination with female
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Ravens of the Tower of London


, over time, 17 chicks were successfully hatched and raised by a pair of ravens known as "Charlie" and "Rhys". Charlie came to an unhappy end: he bit a bomb-sniffing dog (who was also named Charlie), and the dog grabbed the raven with his teeth. This dog bite killed the bird. While visiting the Tower in 2003, Vladimir Putin, the President of Russia, is reported to have been impressed by one of the bird's verbal skills; Thor greeted each person in
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Yeomen Warders


of his experiences in the role, "The Ravenmaster: My Life with the Ravens at the Tower of London". In order to prevent the ravens from flying away, their flight feathers have traditionally been trimmed so that they could not fly in a straight line for any appreciable distance. The ravens have been free, however, to roam the Tower grounds. More recently, the Ravenmaster has been clipping less of the wings and feathers, in order to allow them to fly, instead of merely hopping or gliding, and
1520687
Traitors Gate (video game)


found by the guards, a game over results. In "Traitors Gate", the player takes the role of a special agent named Raven, employed by an American agency called ORPHIA. At the start of the game, Raven's superiors believe that another ORPHIA operative plans to steal the British Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. Raven is subsequently tasked with infiltrating the Tower, secretly swapping the real jewels with forgeries and escaping without leaving behind evidence. These forgeries are equipped with hidden tracking units. The game begins in
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Cultural depictions of ravens


Mabinogion", Bran's head was buried in the White Hill of London as a talisman against invasion. He is depicted as giant and the King of the Britons in tale known as the Second Branch of the "Mabinogi". Several other characters in Welsh mythology share his name, and ravens figure prominently in the 12th or 13th century text "The Dream of Rhonabwy", as the army of King Arthur's knight Owain. According to legend, the Kingdom of England will fall if the ravens of the Tower of London
18851094
Oathbreaker (Game of Thrones)


a woman's scream emerges from the tower, Ned and Howland begin to run inside. The Three-Eyed Raven explains that the rest of the vision is intended for another time, but Bran demands to stay and calls out to Ned. Ned turns for a second, seemingly having heard Bran's voice, but continues inside, before the Three-Eyed Raven pulls Bran out of the vision. Back in the cave, Bran demands to know what was in the tower. The Three-Eyed Raven does not attend Bran
11069164
The Claidi Journals


to jump over the fountain. She does so, and both Argul and Claidi suddenly fly through the ceiling and escape. Argul explains that the Raven is what is used to "recharge" the Raven Tower's flight-inducing jewellery, and that when she touched it her wedding ring was recharged. He also tells Claidi that Ironel gave him a small sapphire attachment to his glass charm that allows him to fly as well. After a day of rest Claidi flies back to the Raven Tower to confront Twilight briefly. The two
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Ravens of the Tower of London


other day includes boiled egg with shell and blood-soaked bird biscuits. Occasionally, rabbit parts with fur are added for roughage. Once a week the birds are given a thorough check-over, and once every third week the lifting feathers on their right wings are trimmed to prevent them from flying away. Most Londoners are fond of the ravens, but sometimes an individual bird will fall out of favour because of inappropriate behaviour. For example, "Raven George" lost his appointment to the Crown, and was retired to
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Corvus


the Blessed – whose name means "crow" or "raven" — is associated with corvids and death; tradition holds that Bran's severed head is buried under the Tower of London, facing France — a possible genesis for the practice of keeping ravens in the Tower, said to protect the fortunes of Britain. In Cornish folklore, crows — magpies particularly — are associated with death and the "other world", and must be greeted respectfully. The origin of "counting crows" as augury is British; however,
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Karas (anime)


eyes of costumes. Producer Takaya Ibira explained the presence of ravens in Tokyo and the Tower of London, inspired him and Sato to model the agents of the city after them. He stated ravens are believed to be omens of good and bad in superstitions, and they always seem to be watching over the cities. This resonated with his view of the raven in the story "Noah's Ark", which cursed Noah as it scouted for land. The presence of ravens all over Tokyo led Ibira to notice the same of
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Ravens of the Tower of London


recorded. This reduced the raven population to the minimum number of six. Upgraded security measures were included in the plans for a major refurbishment of the raven accommodations, funded by the independent Historic Royal Palaces organisation. Appointed in 2011, current Ravenmaster Christopher Skaife was caring for seven of the birds in 2018. He has reduced the amount of clipping of wings and feathers by a third to allow the ravens to fly, instead of merely hopping or gliding. He has allowed one of the birds, Merlina, to fly to the
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Kent Ravens


at Brockleians RFC in Eltham, London as with the start of 2007 the Ravens played at the 4,100 capacity Princes Park stadium, Dartford. In 2007, Kent Ravens' first team moved up a league to the South Premier, giving the Ravens what turned out to be a tough season with only one win against Kingston Warriors. But the highlight of the season was the defeat to London Skolars in front of a crowd of 2470 and the Sky TV camera in the Princes Park Stadium. Ex Leeds Rhino's star Steve Scanlan scored
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Yeomen Warders


story goes that he decided to instead relocate the Royal Observatory to Greenwich. He decreed that at least six ravens must always remain at the Tower. The presence of captive ravens probably goes back only to the later 19th century. The current (2018) Yeoman Warder Ravenmaster of the Tower of London is retired Staff Sergeant Christopher Skaife (a former Drum Major with the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment), who took over from Derrick Coyle in 2011 , who currently cares for seven of the birds. Skaife has written a memoir
1520686
Traitors Gate (video game)


Traitors Gate is a 1999 graphic adventure game developed by Daydream Software. Set in a reproduction of the Tower of London, it follows the story of Raven, an American special agent trying to steal and replace the Crown Jewels of England to safeguard them from a rogue operative. The player assumes the role of Raven and solves puzzles within the Tower while evading the guards. Progression through the game is nonlinear and under a time limit: the player may solve certain challenges in multiple ways, but must win before 12 hours elapse.
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Brân the Blessed


the spot of a broken heart. The men buried her where she fell and continued on their quest for London. According to the Welsh Triads, Brân's head was buried in London where the White Tower now stands. As long as it remained there, Britain would be safe from invasion. However, King Arthur dug up the head, declaring the country would be protected only by his great strength. There have been attempts in modern times to link the still-current practice of keeping ravens at the Tower of London under
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Common raven


can be very long-lived, especially in captive or protected conditions; individuals at the Tower of London have lived for more than 40 years. Lifespans in the wild are considerably shorter at typically 10 to 15 years. The longest known lifespan of a banded wild common raven was 23 years, 3 months. Common ravens are omnivorous and highly opportunistic: their diet may vary widely with location, season and serendipity. For example, those foraging on tundra on the Arctic North Slope of Alaska obtained about half their energy needs from
10517057
Bat Out of Hell The Musical


love for Strat ('Not Allowed to Love'). At Falco Towers, Falco unsuccessfully tries to dissuade Sloane from leaving him after losing Raven ('What Part of My Body Hurts the Most'), and he is left all alone to reflect on his actions. He is later visited by Tink who offers him a deal: he will take him to where Raven is, in exchange that no one gets hurt and that he will leave 'The Lost' alone "after" he gets Raven back. Falco
8090596
History of the Baltimore Ravens


lost to the Denver Broncos, and the Texans, respectively. The Ravens accomplished a number of significant achievements during the 2011 season, finishing 6–0 in the division, 6–0 against 2012 playoff teams, and 8–0 at home. The Ravens went into the 2012 NFL playoffs with high expectations, however there were underlying worries, with what many considered to be inconsistent performances throughout the season by starting quarterback Joe Flacco and the Ravens offense – which many put the blame on for the four questionable road losses that came against teams they were expected
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Four Branches of the Mabinogi


survivors to cut off his head, and take it to bury at the White Tower in London. He prophesies his head will be their good companion and advise them, while they will sojourn for many years of idyllic feasting, first at Harlech in Gwynedd, then on the isle of Gwales in Dyfed. But on arriving back in Britain, Branwen dies of grief for the many who have died. "Brân" means "raven". "Branwen" means "White Raven". "Efnysien" means "trouble,
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Cultural depictions of ravens


in the newspaper "The Pictorial World" in 1883 as well as a poem and illustration published the same year in the children's book "London Town". This and scattered subsequent references, both literary and visual, which appear in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century, place them near the monument commemorating those beheaded at the tower, popularly known as the "scaffold." This strongly suggests that the ravens, which are notorious for gathering at gallows, were originally used to dramatize tales of imprisonment and execution at the
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Tulip (tower)


2025. A planning application was submitted to the City of London planning authority on the 19 November 2018. It faced opposition from Historic England and Historic Places, who argued that the tower will impact views of the Tower of London. The Greater London Authority expressed "significant concerns" about the design. A survey completed by 1,011 Londoners in December 2018, suggested that two-thirds believed the tower would be "an attractive addition to the London skyline". In November 2018, London City Airport officials insisted that National Air Traffic
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Meriden, West Midlands


was Gerard (or Gerald) II of Alspath (d. 1282). He was involved with the escape from the Tower of London of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March. His wife Millicent gave the name to what is now known as Millisons Wood, at the far east end of the village, at the top of Meriden Hill. Meriden/Alspath has never itself been a significant location in English and British history. It is however located within a narrow band of castles with significant historical interest. Three miles to the
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The Claidi Journals


the Raven Tower, warns her that lords and ladies of the Raven Tower can fly using their special necklaces that cancel out gravity using magnets. Claidi meets with Winter Raven and Twilight Star in a magnificent hall at the splendid and intimidating Raven Tower. Here Twilight Star tells her a terrible story that reveals the truth about Claidi's past: Twilight was the daughter of Jizania Tiger and Wasilwa, and grew up a lady at the House. She disliked all the rules and rituals of the place, and strove to rebel when she
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The Claidi Journals


Angrily Claidi leaves him to go back to her hotel, where her crying is interrupted by the entrance of a young, beautiful, powerful woman named Winter Raven. Claidi dislikes her at once, but agrees to go with her. She finds out that Winter is from the Raven Tower – a tower originally from the City that was destroyed and later rebuilt at a different location. Winter and her men have Jelly captive, for he is from the Wolf Tower which the Raven Tower despises. During the journey Jelly tells Claidi that
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ZombiU


Tower of London as the RAF is about to firebomb London and Sondra tries to keep her promise to rescue the player. This enrages The Prepper, who orders the player to leave the safe house and vows to outlive the Ravens of Dee. After the player leaves, the Prepper (who has been using survivors to stock his food supplies) finds a new lackey to do his bidding. The player reaches Sondra and leaves London as the RAF (the prophecy's Black Angels) destroy the city. "ZombiU" was developed
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Tower of London


is appointed for a five-year term; this is primarily a ceremonial post today but the Constable is also a trustee of Historic Royal Palaces and of the Royal Armouries. General Sir Nick Houghton was appointed Constable in 2016. At least six ravens are kept at the Tower at all times, in accordance with the belief that if they are absent, the kingdom will fall. They are under the care of the Ravenmaster, one of the Yeoman Warders. As well as having ceremonial duties, the Yeoman Warders provide guided tours
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Simon Raven


social, academic, political and literary scenes, but the book was never written. Throughout his life Raven pursued a hedonistic lifestyle which included eating, drinking, travel, cricket, gambling and socialising. He spent what he earned, and after 34 years in Kent at Blond's behest he finally moved to London on securing lodgings in the London Charterhouse, the almshouse historically associated with Charterhouse School. Here he led a quieter version of his former life. In 1993 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.
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Grendon, Northamptonshire


in working order. Inside the church, on each side of the chancel there are medieval wooden corbel carvings of the grotesque faces of a nagging wife and her leering husband - they are thought to have been a local couple. The gargoyles on the four corners of the tower represent the four evangelists: The chancel was re-roofed in around 1848. There are three hatchments relating to the Compton family - one bearing ravens represents the arms of a former Lord Lieutenant of the Tower of London. Of the church, Sir Nikolaus
21105551
Tower Hill


Tower Hill is a complex city or garden square northwest of the Tower of London, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets just outside the City of London boundary yet inside what remains of the London Wall — a large fragment of which survives toward its east. It was an extra-parochial area with moniker Great Tower Hill. According to Tower Hamlets Borough Council, it is for official purposes apart of St Katharine Docks. For centuries the hill hosted public executions, particularly of attainted peers and today it is notable for being the
20290753
Beast Boy


to act as keys to open a portal to Trigon's realm. Raven uses her own power to influence greed in others to make her half-brothers steal what little power Trigon had left. The portal is closed, and Trigon's sons, believing they have gained great power, leave the scene, returning Gar to normal. Following this, the team has settled themselves down at Titans Tower (supposedly the New York base), where they attempt to recover from recent events. Raven and Beast Boy go out together on
9658118
Traitors Gate (video game)


a broom closet within the White Tower, where Raven hides during a building tour to await night. Controlling Raven, the player then exits the closet and infiltrates the Tower. The player character is equipped with gear such as a crossbow, grappling hooks, lock picks, a motorized zip-line, explosives and tools to hijack security cameras. A PDA interface provides details about these gadgets, the Tower and other aspects of the mission. The player may also take photographs of the environment and message them to Raven's superiors,
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Tower of London


. Henry III resented losing power and sought permission from the pope to break his oath. With the backing of mercenaries, Henry installed himself in the Tower in 1261. While negotiations continued with the barons, the King ensconced himself in the castle, although no army moved to take it. A truce was agreed with the condition that the King hand over control of the Tower once again. Henry won a significant victory at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, allowing him to regain control of the country and the Tower of London
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London Terrace


large complex, but it is operated on the inside as two separate organizations, London Terrace Towers and London Terrace Gardens; many of the internal connections have been closed off. All London Terrace residents are still able to enjoy amenities such as the swimming pool, health club, roof deck, and internal garden. However, whether the swimming pool at London Terrace is included in the rent has been disputed since 1992. In , both the Gardens and the Towers have invested significant sums to modernize and repair the building. London Terrace
85726
Jeffrey Vallance


-uncle Emil Knudsen, a world-renowned Norwegian psychic who was often enlisted by police and private citizens to find missing persons, dead bodies and lost objects throughout the world. Vallance’s paranormal research projects include Bigfoot, the Shroud of Turin, the Holy Lance, ghosts of dead US presidents, the Ravens of the Tower of London and the Loch Ness Monster. For a project at the Frieze Art Fair in London, Vallance assembled psychic mediums to channel the spirits of five famous dead artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Marcel
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Cultural depictions of ravens


are removed. It had been thought that there have been at least six ravens in residence at the tower for centuries. It was said that Charles II ordered their removal following complaints from John Flamsteed, the Royal Astronomer. However, they were not removed because Charles was then told of the legend. Charles, following the time of the English Civil War, superstition or not, was not prepared to take the chance, and instead had the observatory moved to Greenwich. The earliest known reference to a Tower raven is a picture
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The Claidi Journals


that she is being taken to the Raven Tower to meet Winter's mother – Twilight Star. The group reaches Chylomba, a town near the Raven Tower, where Claidi waits for days to meet with Twilight Star. One evening Jelly comes into her hotel room through her window, badly injured and bandaged, and gives her a letter from Ironel Novendot at the Wolf Tower. It begins by summing up the history of Ironel's family, and then informs her that, while the Wolf Tower had planned to have her kidnapped and
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Constable of the Tower


of London's Jewry. Until 1899, the Constable also held the office of Lord Lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets. The Tower Hamlets was an area of SE Middlesex that urbanised as inner East London and included the area of the eponymous modern borough and most of what is now the London Borough of Hackney. This was an unusual arrangement as Lord Lieutenancy powers were usually exercised at county level; they enabled the Constable to raise local forces to supplement the Tower garrison at times of increased tension, or for use in the field.
17065492
Banking in the United Kingdom


Banking in the United Kingdom can be considered to have started in the Kingdom of England in the 17th century. The first activity in what later came to be known as banking was by goldsmiths who, after the dissolution of English monasteries by Henry VIII, began to accumulate significant stocks of gold. Many goldsmiths were associated with The Crown but, following seizure of gold held at the Royal Mint in the Tower of London by Charles I, they extended their services to gentry and aristocracy as the Royal Mint was no longer considered a
17845087
Moulsham


. The square tower, a local landmark, was added in 1883. In 1839 the Mildmay estate and adjoining land to the south became available for purchase, which enabled the rapid and significant expansion of Chelmsford. At this time a group of local enterprising (non-conformist) businessmen surreptitiously acquired land in several lots, and were thus able to form what is now New London Road, disposing of plots with strict covenants to realise a grand design: ‘a handsome road of highly ornamental mansions’ as an elegant approach to
18260047
Ravens–Steelers rivalry


Steelers their first loss at Heinz Field in 2001. A notable battleground for the rivalry is the Harrisburg, Pennsylvania market area. Harrisburg is officially a secondary market for the Ravens, and so WHP-TV must show all Ravens Sunday afternoon away games. The Steelers also have a significant fan base in the area, so when the Ravens are at home, the Steelers are shown instead. The Harrisburg area also has a significant fan base for the Philadelphia Eagles, who also have Harrisburg as a secondary market (but are in
2921516
Gary Connery


2012 London Olympics. He has performed 880 skydives and 450 BASE jumps. He has jumped from locations such as the Eiffel Tower, Nelson's Column, the London Eye, London's Tower Bridge, and from inside the Millennium Dome. Connery jumped through the centre of the Eiffel Tower on a rainy day with winds gusting at 25 mph (40 km/h). On 9 May 2003 Connery jumped off Nelson's Column at Trafalgar Square in Central London in what was described as a "death-defying protest stunt"
9548709
Throckmorton Plot


suggested this was exactly what Walsingham wanted him to do. Francis was a relatively minor player, whose significance was to confirming the extent of Spanish involvement in seeking to overthrow Elizabeth. Protected by diplomatic immunity, Mendoza was expelled in January 1584; he was the last Spanish ambassador to England during the Elizabethan era. After being tortured to ensure he had revealed as much information as possible, Throckmorton was executed in July 1584. His brother Thomas and many others managed to escape; some were imprisoned in the Tower of London but Francis
7818652
A Panoramic View of London, from the Tower of St. Margaret's Church, Westminster


A Panoramic View of London, from the Tower of St. Margaret's Church, Westminster is a painting made in 1815 by Pierre Prévost, acquired by the Museum of London in July 2018. It is particularly significant for its depiction of the pre-1834 Palace of Westminster. The work uses watercolour and bodycolour over pencil, on paper, which has been mounted on canvass. It is long. It is a sketch for a larger work, now lost, which was displayed as a visitor attraction in Paris. That work was long (
20960950
Edgewater Towers


was the originator of the Volkswagen. After fleeing Germany during World War 11, he emigrated to Australia and worked for General Motors Holden. Sir Hubert 'Oppy' Opperman, renowned cyclist and Politician also lived here for almost 30 years. Heritage Significance: City Port Phillip have proposed to commence the process to amend the Port Phillip Planning Scheme. Edgewater Towers is proposed to be included in a new Heritage Overlay (HO510) and the property identified as a place of individual heritage significance. What is significant? It is a thirteen
5694971
Ransom Water Tower


until July 19, 1990. The Ransom Water Tower is located atop a hill, what was the highest point in the then-center of town. Upon its construction, a 40 foot brick tower was topped with a wooden water tank. The brick tower is a round, "barrel", tower. At its base it has a diameter of 29 feet 4 inches which tapers as the tower rises to a diameter of about 24 feet. The tower is locally significant to the settlement of Ransom. It helped the village
9577089
Grassholm


an island in the medieval Welsh story (Branwen the daughter of Llŷr), one of the Four Branches of the Mabinogi. Gwales is the site of a fabulous castle where the severed head of Brân the Blessed is kept miraculously alive for eighty years while his companions feast in blissful forgetfulness, until the opening of a forbidden door that faces Cornwall recalls them to their sorrow and the need to bury the head at the White Mount (the Tower of London). "Brân" is the Welsh for 'Raven', which
21420655
Gibraltar


found in Europe. This species, known scientifically as "Macaca sylvanus", is listed as endangered by the IUCN Red List and is declining. Three-quarters of the world population live in the Middle Atlas mountains of Morocco. Recent genetic studies and historical documents point to their presence on the Rock before its capture by the British, having possibly been introduced during the Islamic period. A superstition analogous to that of the ravens at the Tower of London states that if the apes ever leave, so will the British. In
7263753
Raven Knob Scout Reservation


, Boy Scouts, and Venture Crew Members. The Aquatics program provides varying levels of swimming instruction, from beginner's instruction to BSA Lifeguard certification. Scouts can boat on Lake John Sabotta in canoes, row boats, and sail boats. Free swim and free boating are open to everyone at scheduled times during the week. The Mile Swim is also offered in an addition to paddle-boarding and snorkeling. Raven Knob recently built a new climbing tower, officially called the BB&T Leadership Tower. The tower has walls of varying difficulty
13137525
Raven (DC Comics)


dimension by Wyld. Wyld reveals that Raven was the one who created him. When Raven was traveling dimensions looking for her father, her soul self caused all of the animals she visited to merge into one being: the Wyld. The Titans enter the Wyld World to rescue Raven. Wyld is eventually destroyed by Static. In the final issue of this incarnation of the Titans, Superboy-Prime and his Legion of Doom attack Titan's Tower. Raven stops Kid Flash just before he can kill Inertia. Then she reveals her
13827039
Santander Cycles


improved separation between cycle routes and other traffic.Owing to the success of the scheme, major expansions have taken place to increase the number of bikes and docking stations across London. The first major expansion was in March 2012, with a significant expansion in east London in Tower Hamlets and Hackney, with a minor expansion westwards to the new Westfield London shopping centre in Shepherds Bush. This expansion added 2,300 additional bikes and 4,800 docking points. In December 2013, the scheme received a further significant expansion ('Phase 3')
15380961
The Raven (characters)


The Raven are a band of mercenaries who are the protagonists of several novels by James Barclay. They are in his two trilogies: The Raven are band of mercenaries, from the continent of Balaia, who are famous, with a reputation for being the best at what they do. As a result, they already have all the money they need and so the fights and missions they choose to do during the books are what they choose to do and not what they are paid to do - this means that they do what
2610715
Chronicles of the Raven


of the One. The Raven are band of mercenaries, from the continent of Balaia, who are famous, with a reputation for being the best at what they do. As a result, they already have all the money they need and so the fights and missions they choose to do during the books are what they choose to do and not what they are paid to do - this means that they do what they consider to be the just and right thing to do. The Raven have been together ten years before the
2609894
That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana


, asking her to make a similar one, to which she replies that it is a "one-of-a-kind Raven Baxter original made only for her " (London). Later, Hannah starts a catfight with London over the dress, and Raven is overjoyed by this, but as Hannah goes up to London to get a closer look of the dress, her ring gets caught in it and it tears (off camera), much to Raven's upset. When Hannah Montana/Miley Stewart stays at
17900037
Wolf Brother


to the forests of Finland researching how people lived 6000 years ago, and she also spent time with wolves at the UK Wolf Conservation Trust. She also studied the raven population at the Tower of London. "Wolf Brother" is illustrated by Geoff Taylor. In pre-agricultural Europe, the hunter-gatherers of the Forest live in clans, each represented by a particular animal or life form. Torak and his father, of "Wolf Clan", live together in the forest. During Torak's twelfth year, his
2481484
ZombiU


the Tower of London. A supernatural force drives a flock of ravens into the propeller, making the helicopter crash. The player returns to the Prepper's bunker, and Sondra promises to save them. In the bunker, the generator is running out of fuel and the Prepper tells the player to get petrol from a man named Vikram. The player finds Vikram, who has gone mad; he and his young child tell the player to go to a local nursery to get antibiotics for his wife. Despite the Prepper's protests
3574666
Tower of London (The Goodies)


bit wide. Bill replies that he does not know what they (the Goodies) do. Tim comments that they were "going to do...good to...people" — to which Bill responds ""How wet!"". The Goodies are almost immediately summoned to the Tower of London, where they meet the Chief Beefeater in the kitchens of the Tower (renovated from a disused torture chamber). He tells them that somebody is stealing the Beefeaters' beef and, as a result, the Beefeaters are starving
4469388
Early fires of London


beginning in Aldgate, [it] burned down houses and churches all the way to Ludgate." A major fire occurred in London in 1087, at the beginning of the reign of William Rufus. It consumed much of the Norman city. St Paul's Cathedral was the most significant building to be destroyed in this blaze, which also damaged the Palatine tower built by William the Conqueror on the banks of the River Fleet so badly that the remains had to be pulled down. Part of the stone from the tower was then
20311564
Kendra Haste


menagerie was moved to Regents Park, to become what is today the London Zoo. Using research from the Tower of London archives, Haste returned the animals to their original locations around the Tower. Haste's Waterloo "Elephant" was originally commissioned by the London Underground as part of its Platform for Art programme and set up at the Gloucester Road tube station. After the success of Haste's "Underground Safari" pieces, the London Underground purchased the African elephant sculpture and installed it near the ticket hall of a new Jubilee line
121386
Joseph Booth & Bros


cranes. Significant construction sites to use Booths cranes include the Tower Bridge, as this had a great deal of metal framework many cranes were required in its construction. The steam cranes used in the Tower Bridge construction have been included in scenes from the 2009 Sherlock Holmes film. One less successful project to employ Booths cranes was the Wembley Park Tower project. The Wembley Park Tower was meant to be London's rival to the Eiffel Tower in Paris but was however dogged by financial problems. In 1902 the Railway Magazine commented "If
4312635
William de Mandeville


William de Mandeville (died before 1130) was an Anglo-Norman baron and Constable of the Tower of London. William de Mandeville inherited the estates of his father Geoffrey de Mandeville, the Domesday tenant-in-chief, around 1100. He was Constable of the Tower of London at that time, and thus keeper of the first person known to be imprisoned there for political reasons, Ranulf Flambard. Flambard's escape in February 1101 would have significant consequences for William. It is not known if William was in some way
6964216
Raven (DC Comics)


the team and was promptly attacked by a demonic being calling itself "Wyld". Battered and dazed, Raven arrived at Titans Tower, where she was rescued by the newest roster of Teen Titans. While she was recovering, Beast Boy stated that he was still in love with her and would remain so, despite whatever difficulties were involved. Raven decided to stay with the Teen Titans, now acting as a mentor to the younger members. When the Teen Titans attempted to return home, Raven was kidnapped and taken to another
13827038
Das Haus Anubis


holds in its talons and wants to help her. On top of the tower then meet all the Raven has tied up Mara and Magnus tries to liberate. Nina, Delia, Daniel and Felix are threatened by Daphne with a spear. Raven attacks as Magnus, Mara did not want that something happens and Magnus holds up the Grail. Amneris and Tutankhamun appear. Raven Amneris is the Grail. Raven suddenly burns and dies. His remains will disappear. Daphne is furious and pulls away from. Amneris Tutankhamun and disappear, leaving
5588017
Unseen University


speculated that it is older than the Disc itself, although evidence for this is scarce. In the novel "Sourcery" it survives many magical attacks; other, newer towers do not. In the same novel it became important for the heroic wizard Rincewind, as towers help wizards fulfill their potential. Around the top of it a magical species of raven has developed that is much more intelligent than usual. Quoth, the raven from "Soul Music" and all the books featuring Susan Sto Helit, is one of these.
14959993
Cultural depictions of ravens


named "Mabel" and "Grip." Shortly before the Tower reopened to the public, Mabel flew away, leaving Grip despondent. A couple of weeks later, Grip also flew away, probably in search of his mate. The incident was reported in several newspapers, and some of the stories contained the first references in print to the legend that the British Empire would fall if the ravens left the tower. Since the Empire was dismantled shortly afterward, those who are superstitious might interpret events as a confirmation of the legend
18851098
Ravens of the Tower of London


road, and it’s not been too badly mangled, I normally put it in a black bag and bring it back here. I give them biscuits as well, soaked in blood from the meat that I buy. And in winter I get them capsules of cod liver oil. I know they’re getting as much vitamins and oil as they possibly can. That’s why they look so healthy." Their diet consists of raw meat daily, usually liver, lambs' hearts and beef or pork trimming, and every
13173958
Traitors Gate (video game)


who send back facts about the objects in view. "Traitors Gate" features multiple endings based on the player's actions throughout the game. At the game's conclusion, after the Crown Jewels have been replaced, the President of the United States is informed that Raven's mission was a success. "Traitors Gate" was conceived in November 1996, when designer Nigel Papworth of Sweden's Daydream Software began to explore possibilities for the company's next title after "Safecracker". Coming across an article about the Tower of London
18721185
Mortimer and Arabel


ghost at the Tower of London and try and help him and his pet raven solve a Christmas mystery. Other characters include Arabel's parents Mr Jones and Mrs Jones, the villainous Mr Leggit, the Town's Chief inspector and PC Barnoff, The Mayor, and Arabel's neighbour Chris Cross. Different characters like the Duchess of Skew, or a herd of Jersey cows appear in different stories. Several books based on the series and a VHS tape covering 12 episodes of the series were released in the early 1990s, and other
21919285
Raven (given name)


" is derived: "filius Reuene", in Yorkshire, 1086; "le Reven", in Worcestershire, 1327; and "atte Raven", in London, 1344 (this final surname is a sign name, which indicates that the bearer was someone who lived near a sign with a raven on it, possibly such as a house sign). "Raven" is also a German language surname. This name is derived from the Middle Low German "rave", "raven", meaning "raven"
10367500
Common raven


The common raven ("Corvus corax"), also known as the northern raven, is a large all-black passerine bird. Found across the Northern Hemisphere, it is the most widely distributed of all corvids. There are at least eight subspecies with little variation in appearance, although recent research has demonstrated significant genetic differences among populations from various regions. It is one of the two largest corvids, alongside the thick-billed raven, and is possibly the heaviest passerine bird; at maturity, the common raven averages in
10517029
Castles in Great Britain and Ireland


Conwy, Harlech, Durham and the Tower of London as deserving of special international cultural significance in the 1980s. The single largest group of English castles are now those owned by English Heritage, created out of the former Ministry of Works in 1983. The National Trust increasingly acquired castle properties in England in the 1950s, and is the second largest single owner, followed by the various English local authorities and finally a small number of private owners. Royal castles such as the Tower of London and Windsor are owned by the Occupied Royal
13604002
Trellick Tower


a significant minority are now privately owned. On 19 April 2017 the top floors of the tower caught fire, believed to have been started by a discarded cigarette. There were no injuries. The building's listed status meant that the concrete facade could not be covered over, which is thought to have prevented a far worse fire similar to Grenfell Tower which happened a few months later. In recent years, Trellick Tower has become a London icon, appearing on T-shirts, featuring in adverts, films, and songs,
5227266
Welshpool Raven Square railway station


built on rural lines. Also, a water tower built over 100 years ago was obtained from Pwllheli station. Also at Raven Square is a display shed which houses steam locomotive "Monarch", a static exhibit, plus several other items of rolling stock. At Raven Square passengers can disembark, watch the locomotive take on more water and run round the carriages. The Raven Square station is situated by the roundabout that is the junction of the A458, A490 and B4381 roads. There is a large car park for visitors to
11348404
The Claidi Journals


the Argul she had travelled with wasn't Argul at all; it was simply a mechanical doll made to look like Argul. The doll was a creation of the Raven Tower, who were apparently taught by Ustareth. Although the doll was able to move and communicate, in a complicated and emotional situation like when Claidi told her story it was unable to respond. The Raven Tower had set the whole thing up to bring Claidi to them. Claidi is made to stay with Winter although she wants to leave, and finds out
14454554
Beccles bell tower


there was a ring of eight bells, but this was replaced, in 1762, by Lester & Packe of Whitechapel Bell Foundry, London, with a ring of ten bells. In 1909 all ten bells were completely restored by Taylors Eayre & Smith Ltd (Loughborough) and re-hung on a new steel frame. The ringing chamber is on the second level of the tower, and the belfry is on the fourth. One of the most historically significant events associated with this church and bell tower is the wedding, in
10794158