who won the civil war battle of fredericksburg
John G. B. Adams


John Gregory Bishop Adams (October 6, 1841 – October 19, 1900) was an American soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the American Civil War. Adams enlisted into military service as a private and eventually achieved the rank of captain. During his Civil War service he fought in several major battles including Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. It was during the Battle of Fredericksburg that his actions would earn him the United States military's highest decoration for valor, the Medal of Honor. During the
1417089
Battle of Fredericksburg


The Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park was established in 1927 under the War Department and transferred to the National Park Service in 1933. It consists of more than 8,300 acres that cover parts of four Civil War battlefields – Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania Court House, The Wilderness and Chancellorsville. In March 2003, the Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) announced the beginning of a $12 million national campaign to preserve the historic Slaughter Pen Farm, a key part of the Fredericksburg battlefield. The farm, known locally
4345855
Wallace A. Beckwith


Private Wallace A. Beckwith (February 28, 1843 – November 22, 1929) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Beckwith was awarded the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action at Fredericksburg, Virginia during the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862. He was honored with the award on February 15, 1897. Beckwith enlisted at New London, Connecticut. For his role in the Battle of Fredericksburg between December 11 and 15, 1862 Beckwith became
16504777
Soldiers' Monument in Bristol, Connecticut


’ Monument honor several of the men from Bristol who died during the American Civil War and each one of those faces also honor one or more of the battles that were fought. The eastern face honors fourteen of its residents who died during the Civil War, as well as the men who fought and died at the Battle of Antietam. The northern face lists thirteen residents who died as prisoners of war, two residents who were lost at sea, and the battles of Fredericksburg and Plymouth. The western face lists thirteen names along
6925067
William P. Hogarty


William Patrick Hogarty (February 16, 1840 - October 23, 1914) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Hogarty received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Hogarty's medal was won for his actions during two battles, in the Battle of Antietam, Maryland on September 17, 1862, and the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia on December 13, 1862. He was honored with the award on June 22, 1891. Hogarty born in New York City,
7645013
Battle of Fredericksburg


The Battle of Fredericksburg was fought December 11–15, 1862, in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia, in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. The combat, between the Union Army of the Potomac commanded by Major General Ambrose Burnside and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee, was part of the Union Army's futile frontal attacks on December 13 against entrenched Confederate defenders on the heights behind the city. It is remembered as one of the most one-sided battles of the war, with Union casualties
4345778
Second Battle of Fredericksburg


The Second Battle of Fredericksburg, also known as the Second Battle of Marye's Heights, took place on May 3, 1863, in Fredericksburg, Virginia, as part of the Chancellorsville Campaign of the American Civil War. Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee left Maj. Gen. Jubal A. Early to hold Fredericksburg on May 1, while he marched west with the rest of the Army of Northern Virginia to deal with Union Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker's main thrust at Chancellorsville with four corps of the Army of the Potomac. Early had
16604787
Fredericksburg, Virginia


River crosses the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, Fredericksburg was a prominent port in Virginia during the colonial era. During the Civil War, the town, located halfway between the capitals of the opposing forces, was the site of the Battle of Fredericksburg and Second Battle of Fredericksburg, preserved in part as the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park. More than 10,000 African Americans in the region left slavery for freedom in 1862 alone, getting behind Union lines. Tourism is a major part of the economy, with approximately 1.5 million people visiting
8218191
Fredericksburg, Virginia


, the plantation home of George Washington's sister Betty and her husband, patriot Fielding Lewis. The area's Civil War battles are commemorated in Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park. Formed by an act of Congress in 1927, the national military park preserves portions of the battlefields of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, the Wilderness, and Spotsylvania Court House. The Fredericksburg National Cemetery, also part of the park, was developed by the federal government after the war on Marye's Heights on the Fredericksburg battlefield. It contains more than 15,000 Union
8218218
Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park


includes 8374 acres (33.89 km), of which 7369 acres (30 km) are owned by the Federal government. Over 500,000 people visit the battlefield each year. Fredericksburg National Cemetery was created by act of Congress, in July 1865 after reunification of the states, to honor the Federal soldiers who died in local battles or from disease. The cemetery was placed on Marye's Heights, a Confederate stronghold during the Battle of Fredricksburg. There are a total of 15,243 Civil War interments, of those, only 2,473 were identified
5293859
Peter McAdams


Peter McAdams (April 21, 1834 – September 29, 1926) was an Irish American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. He emigrated to America at the age of 14 and worked initially as a shoemaker. Upon the outbreak of the Civil War, he enlisted in the Union Army. McAdams fought with the 98th Pennsylvania Infantry at the Battles of Williamsburg and Fredericksburg. He received a promotion to sergeant for his action in rescuing a wounded comrade at the Battle of Salem Church on May 3, 1863. McAdams was
18534817
Braehead (Fredericksburg, Virginia)


he took breakfast at Greenview (Braehead) before the first Battle of Fredericksburg, General Lee was spending time with distant relations, although Anne Lee Howison had died earlier in the year. John Howison's oldest sons both perished in the Civil War. After the war, John Howison could no longer afford to keep Greenview, including the farm and dairy, and he sold it to his younger brother, Robert Reid Howison, a sometime lawyer and, later, a Presbyterian minister, who wrote and published a major history of Virginia
3966792
John C. Gilmore


John Curtis Gilmore (April 18, 1837 – December 22, 1922) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Kuder received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Gilmore's medal was won for capturing the flag and rallying the spirits of the troops under his command during the Second Battle of Fredericksburg on May 3, 1863. He was honored with the award on October 10, 1892. Gilmore was born in Canada, and was commissioned as a Captain in May
7945987
Massachusetts in the American Civil War


the Army of the Potomac during the Fredericksburg Campaign. Following the Battle of Fredericksburg, he resigned his command in January 1863 and was to be transferred to command the Department of the Missouri, but died of a heart attack en route on March 21, 1863. Other important generals from Massachusetts included Maj. Gen. Darius Couch, who commanded the II Corps and the Department of the Susquehanna, Maj. Gen. John G. Barnard, who organized the defenses of Washington, DC and became Chief Engineer of the Union Armies in the field
21209968
John Sedgwick


John Sedgwick (September 13, 1813 – May 9, 1864) was a military officer and Union Army general during the American Civil War. He was wounded three times at the Battle of Antietam while leading his division in an unsuccessful assault against Confederate forces, causing him to miss the Battle of Fredericksburg. Under his command, the VI Corps played an important role in the Chancellorsville Campaign by engaging Confederate troops at the Second Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of Salem Church. His corps was the last to arrive at the Battle
4171477
Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park


Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park is a unit of the National Park Service in Fredericksburg, Virginia, and elsewhere in Spotsylvania County, commemorating four major battles in the American Civil War: Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, The Wilderness, and Spotsylvania. Failed attempt by General Ambrose Burnside to cross the Rappahannock and take the Confederate capital Richmond. Delayed arrival of the pontoons had given Robert E. Lee time to fortify the high ground, and the result was a one-sided massacre. "Visitor center staffed by Park Service rangers." A
5293855
Samuel Nicholl Benjamin


1861. During the American Civil War, he fought in the Battle of Blackburn's Ford, the First Battle of Bull Run, the Peninsular Campaign, the Northern Virginia Campaign, the Maryland Campaign, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Vicksburg Campaign, the East Tennessee Campaign, and the Overland Campaign, including both the Battle of the Wilderness and the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. Following the Civil War, he served at West Point and in the Adjutant General Corps. He received his Medal of Honor on June 11, 1877
8076525
91st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment


The 91st Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was a Union infantry regiment which fought in multiple key engagements of the American Civil War, including the Battle of Fredericksburg, Battle of Chancellorsville and Battle of Gettysburg. It was established through the combined efforts of Edgar M. Gregory, who had received approval from the U.S. War Department to begin recruiting soldiers for an entirely new regiment during the fall of 1861, and Edward E. Wallace, who had initiated his own recruitment efforts that October. Their recruits were volunteers, the majority of whom initially enlisted for three
4080563
Potomac, Fredericksburg and Piedmont Railroad


Virginia General Assembly. By the time of the American Civil War, the Fredericksburg and Gordonsville Railroad had only completed precursory grading work and had laid no track. Therefore, it was referred to as the "unfinished railroad" by both sides in the Battle of Chancellorsville and the Battle of the Wilderness, which were fought on and near its route. During the second day of the latter battle, on May 6, 1864, the roadbed served as a trail used to move forces for a flank attack by Confederate General James Longstreet
12487170
Fort Rodman


named for William H. Walcott of the 17th U.S. Infantry in the Civil War. Battery Barton was named for William Barton of the Revolutionary War. Battery Cross was named for Charles E. Cross, an engineer officer killed at the Battle of Fredericksburg in the Civil War. Battery Craig was named for Presley O. Craig, 2nd U.S. Artillery, killed at the First Battle of Bull Run in the Civil War. Battery Gaston was named for William Gaston, 1st U.S. Dragoons, killed in 1858 fighting Native Americans. Battery Milliken was named for
19161666
Mud March (American Civil War)


The Mud March was an abortive offensive in January 1863 by Union Army Major General Ambrose Burnside in the American Civil War. Burnside had been trying to approach the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, by crossing the Rappahannock River at Fredericksburg, but had been soundly defeated. The so-called Mud March was his second attempt at a river crossing. The strategy was sound, but it failed because of dissension between generals, compounded by severe winter storms. Following his defeat in the disastrous Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862, Burnside
1449358
Marie Tepe


Fredericksburg but otherwise had good luck. By one account, Tepe came under fire a total of thirteen times. At the Battle of Chancellorsville, Tepe endured particularly hazardous conditions to bring water to exhausted troops. Tepe's regiment was present at the first battle of Bull Run, Fair Oaks, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Spotsylvania. After the war, she married a Civil War veteran named Richard Leonard; her previous husband had died at Gettysburg. Certain records report that the two met during the Petersburg Campaign and married in
14747340
Matthew Quay


. At the start of the American Civil War, Quay was a colonel with 134th Pennsylvania volunteers. He served in various capacities in the Civil War, including as Assistant Commissary General of Pennsylvania. Congress awarded him the Medal of Honor for gallantry at the battle of Fredericksburg. Quay's conduct during the war earned him the attention of Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtin, who made Quay his personal aide tasked with answering the letters of soldiers. In 1864, Quay was elected to the Pennsylvania legislature, serving from 1865–1867. He was a
17967383
Signal Corps in the American Civil War


a collision with a tree and could not be used for the battle. At the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862, significant use of the Beardslee telegraph made it possible for Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside to communicate with the Army through the fog and smoke from the burning town. On December 13, the main day of the battle, signal corpsmen extended a line across the Rappahannock River into the town of Fredericksburg while under fire and Burnside was able to communicate with both of his grand division commanders and his supply base,
10101563
Jacob G. Frick


Jacob Gellert Frick Sr. (January 23, 1825 – March 5, 1902) was a United States infantry officer who fought with several Union Army regiments during the American Civil War, including as lieutenant colonel of the 96th Pennsylvania Infantry and as colonel of the 129th Pennsylvania Infantry. He received his nation's highest award for valor, the U.S. Medal of Honor, for his gallantry during the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, Virginia. Grabbing the American flag from his regiment's color-bearer at Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862
16992364
William Jacob Covington


Covington fought in eight major Civil War battles. Among these were the battle of Harpers Ferry, Antietam, battle of Fredericksburg, battle of Chancellorsville, battle of Gettysburg and battle of Williamsport also known as Falling Waters. After surviving the battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, he was captured at Falling Waters, Maryland on July 14, 1863 during Lee's retreat from Baltimore, Maryland. From Baltimore he was sent to Point Lookout POW camp. Pvt. Covington was among the 975 repatriated soldiers who traveled the "New York" exchange
17667509
Irish Americans in the American Civil War


colors into battle during the American Civil War. After the First Battle of Bull Run, the 69th New York Infantry was incorporated into a larger unit, the Irish Brigade. At the 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg, the brigade charged up Marye's Heights, suffering 41.4% casualties. During the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863, the Irish Brigade held a Catholic mass before facing Pickett's Charge. The Irish Brigade was the subject of the original version of a song, "Kelly's Irish Brigade", after its commander, Patrick
9208603
Marye (horse)


Marye was a warhorse owned by the United States Army during the American Civil War who was later captured and pressed into Confederate States service. Marye's early life and original name and master are unknown. She fought with United States forces during the American Civil War at the Battle of Fredericksburg in 1862. During the assault against fortified Confederate positions at Marye's Heights, the beast's rider was shot off her and the animal galloped into the Confederate lines. The brigade of Georgia troops of the Army of Northern Virginia captured the steed
16753638
Nellie Graves


Nellie Graves was a female soldier who served, in secret, in the Union Army during the American Civil War alongside her close friend Fanny Wilson. Both saw action at the Battle of Fredericksburg and then the Battle of Chancellorsville. Their genders were shortly discovered while they were being treated for an illness. Both were discharged and went their separate ways for the rest of the war. Wilson chose to reenlist in disguise again. There is some speculation as to whether Graves did the same, but if she had reenlisted, she was
10637442
Fredericksburg Union order of battle


The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Fredericksburg of the American Civil War. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. MG Ambrose Burnside, Commanding Chief of Staff: MG John Parke Chief of Artillery: BG Henry Jackson Hunt Inspector General: BG Delos B. Sackett Escort: br Provost Guard: BG Marsena R. Patrick br Volunteer Engineer Brigade: BG Daniel Phineas Woodbury br Artillery Reserve: Ltc William Hays br Unattached Artillery: Maj Thomas S.
6562563
Civil War Institute at Gettysburg College


-long summer conference that hosts 400 participants annually. The CWI also supports student learning at Gettysburg College, offering several programs throughout the year to help students hone their skills as young historians. The CWI hosts an annual summer conference on the Civil War, drawing over 400 people annually. Each year, the conference focuses on a different Civil War theme. Past themes have included the Battle of Gettysburg, the Battle of Fredericksburg, Robert E. Lee, the navy and the cavalry, and Reconstruction. While most participants stay in Gettysburg
20794993
Elwell Stephen Otis


and was practising law during the first year of the Civil War. During the American Civil War, Otis was appointed captain in the 140th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment formed in Rochester, NY in September 1862. He fought at the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. On December 23, 1863 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel of his regiment. At the Battle of Spotsylvania the regiment's colonel was killed and Otis assumed command. He fought in all the battles of the Overland Campaign. During the Siege of Petersburg,
1378011
David Lang (Civil War)


, 1861, as a private in Company H of the 1st Florida Infantry. Barely over a month later, he was promoted to sergeant. He was discharged in April 1862 after his term of enlistment expired. In May, Lang enrolled in the 8th Florida Infantry and was commissioned as captain of Company C. He was wounded at the Battle of Antietam in September and again at the Battle of Fredericksburg in December. Stationed in the town of Fredericksburg, Lang's men stubbornly contested Federal attempts to lay pontoon bridges across the Rappahannock River
8297836
Fanny Wilson (U.S. Civil War)


the time. Their plan worked, they marched and trained alongside their lovers without being discovered. They served in the defense of Washington D.C. until December 1862 when the regiment was sent to Fredericksburg, Virginia, where they participated in the Battle of Fredericksburg. After seeing the horrors of war firsthand, both women viewed their service in a more serious light. They were determined to continue serving, not because of their lovers, but because they felt a need to serve their country. In early May 1863, the regiment fought in
4217314
Michigan, My Michigan


Christmas Tree"), and which was also the melody of "Maryland, My Maryland". Her husband, Henry, was a physician who rose to be Medical Inspector and Acting Medical Director of III Corps in the Union Army. He served from the First Battle of Bull Run to the Battle of Appomattox Court House. Mrs. Lyster was inspired to write the song after the Battle of Fredericksburg. Major James W. Long of Grand Rapids wrote new lyrics in 1886 but kept the original tune and original Civil War sentiment. In
21319968
Emil Ganz


. At the beginning of the American Civil War, Ganz enlisted in the Confederate States Army. As a soldier, he saw action at the battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and well as being assigned to the defense of Richmond, Virginia. Toward the end of the war, he was captured and spent seven months as a prisoner of war at Elmira Prison. Becoming a naturalized American citizen in 1866, Ganz moved to Kansas City, Missouri. He joined several cousins who operated a clothing and dry goods company and
21546747
141st Field Artillery Regiment


Artillery Company. It received its regimental flag in August 1846 after serving under Zachary Taylor in the Mexican–American War. 26 May 1861 the Unit was mustered into the American Civil War; four companies served in the Army of Northern Virginia and a fifth was in the Army of Tennessee. Elements of the Washington Artillery participated in over sixty major actions. A few notable engagements include: Battle of Antietam, Battle of Perryville, Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of Shiloh, Battle of Chickamauga, Battle of Fredericksburg, First Battle of
6788339
21st Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry


. Burnside's division was recalled to Virginia in July 1862. The 21st Massachusetts was then attached to the Army of the Potomac and participated in several of the largest battles of the Civil War, including the Second Battle of Bull Run, the Battle of Antietam, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. The most devastating engagement of the war for the 21st was the Battle of Chantilly, fought on September 1, 1862, during which the unit suffered 35 percent casualties. From March 1863 to January 1864, the 21st served with Burnside
164452
Presidency of Abraham Lincoln


Fredericksburg in December. Not only had Burnside been defeated on the battlefield, but his soldiers were disgruntled and undisciplined. Desertions during 1863 were in the thousands and they increased after Fredericksburg. The defeat also amplified the criticisms of Radical Republicans such as Lyman Trumbull and Benjamin Wade, who believed that Lincoln had mishandled the war, particularly with regards to his selection of generals. Following the Battle of Fredericksburg, Lincoln reassigned Burnside to the Western theater and replaced Burnside with General Joseph Hooker, who had served in several battles of the Eastern
9753132
Spotsylvania County, Virginia


Manahoac. As the colonial population increased, Spotsylvania County was established in 1721 from parts of Essex, King and Queen, and King William counties. The county was named in Latin for Lieutenant Governor of Virginia Alexander Spotswood. Many battles were fought in this county during the Civil War, including the Battle of Chancellorsville, Battle of the Wilderness, Battle of Fredericksburg, and Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. The war resulted in widespread disruption and opportunity: some 10,000 African-American slaves left area plantations and city households to cross the
8153609
William Watson (surgeon)


William Watson (1837–1879), was a surgeon in the 105th Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers during the American Civil War. During his duty in the Army of the Potomac, he took part in several battles including Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, the Wilderness, and Gettysburg notably. Major Watson is recognized most by his contribution to the understanding of soldier life during the Civil War, ranging from the battles themselves to the internal conflicts within the unit. William Watson was born in Bedford, Pennsylvania. He had six younger sisters—Ella, Eliza
6709334
The Alabama Brigade (American Civil War)


Alabama Infantry Regiment was organized at Dalton, Georgia, on 2 May 1861. The original commander was Col. Barnard E. Bee who commanded the (3rd) brigade at First Manassas, where Bee and the new regimental commander, Egbert I. Jones, were killed in action. Lt.Col. Evander McIvor Law was then promoted and became Colonel of the regiment. They fought in the Seven Pines battle and in the battles of Second Manassas, Sharpsburg, and Fredericksburg. Law was promoted to Brigadier General on October 3,1862. The
1075012
Adam Marty


in the Invalid Corps. Marty continued to serve with the First Minnesota through the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, and ultimately Gettysburg. Though Marty no longer had Cornman and Bloomer by his side, he still had John and Rufus who would fight by Marty's side in the most pivotal battle of the Civil War. On July 2, 1863, the First Minnesota was ordered to charge a numerically superior Confederate force in order to protect the Union line at Gettysburg. The First Minnesota took the highest casualties of any regiment during the
8849060
Adolfo Fernández Cavada


Adolfo Fernández Cavada (May 17th, 1832 – December 18, 1871) was a soldier and diplomat, an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War who served as captain in the Philadelphia 23rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, a regiment of the Union Forces, with his brother, Colonel Federico Fernández Cavada. He served with distinction in the Army of the Potomac in the battles of Fredericksburg and Gettysburg and was a "special aide-de-camp" to General Andrew A. Humphreys. After the war, Fernández Cavada was
10227584
The Alabama Brigade (American Civil War)


fall of 1864. Captain John W. Wiggington, who had been promoted to the rank of Major in the fall of 1864, was the commander of the 48th at their surrender at Appomattox. During the war, it fought at battles such as Cedar Run, the Second Manassas, and Sharpsburg. It was decimated at Fredericksburg, which was fought 11–15 December 1862. Along with the 47th Alabama Infantry Regiment, it was placed into the Alabama Brigade in January 1863. The brigade’s main commander was Evander M. Law. During 1863
1075017
20th Indiana Infantry Regiment


American Civil War, including the action between the first ironclads at Hampton Roads, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Gettysburg, and the Siege of Petersburg. The Regiment was part of the 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, III Corps for the duration of the war. William L. Brown, a veteran of the Mexican–American War, was given permission by the United States Secretary of War to raise a volunteer rifle regiment to be mustered into service with the United States Army. Brown went across Indiana talking to friends in
15496416
2nd Engineer Battalion (United States)


held a solemn nighttime ceremony where those actions are remembered and the unit’s colors burned. During the re-enactment, a roll call is taken for the soldiers who endured the battle. Soldiers of the current 2nd Engineer Battalion answer by calling out the status of each, most often "Killed in action, sir." Retired Major Arden A. Rowley, one of many soldiers captured during the battle by the Chinese, answered for himself during the roll call of 22 November 2013. Civil War: Peninsula; Antietam; Fredericksburg
4320679
George H. Maynard


the Civil War. Maynard enlisted as a private in Company D of the 13th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry on July 20, 1861. He fought at the Battle of Fredericksburg in Virginia on December 13, 1862. During the battle he ran through enemy fire to rescue another soldier who had been severely wounded in action. He received the Medal of Honor for this action in 1898. He was mustered out of the 13th Massachusetts on February 17, 1863. On January 17, 1864 he was commissioned a captain in the 82nd United
5204737
Frederick C. Anderson


Frederick Charles Anderson (March 24, 1842 – October 6, 1882) was a Union Army soldier in the American Civil War who received the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, and orphaned at a young age, Anderson was adopted by a farming family in rural Raynham. He enlisted in the Union Army shortly after the start of the war and, as a private in the 18th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, participated in several major battles, including Antietam, Fredericksburg,
14597966
Buckey O'Neill


McMenimin) O'Neill in St. Louis, Missouri. His father was an Irish immigrant who had most likely arrived in the United States during the 1850s. By Spring 1862, the family had moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. When the American Civil War began the elder O'Neill joined the 116th Pennsylvania Volunteers. On December 13, 1862, during the Battle of Fredericksburg, the senior O'Neill was wounded and served the rest of the war as a member of the Invalid Corps. The younger O'Neill was educated at Gonzaga College High School and Georgetown
15181886
Maxcy Gregg


Maxcy Gregg (August 1, 1814 – December 15, 1862) was a lawyer, soldier in the United States Army during the Mexican–American War, and a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War who was mortally wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg and died two days later. Gregg was born in Columbia, South Carolina, the great-grandson of Esek Hopkins, commodore of the Continental Navy, and grandson of Jonathan Maxcy first president of South Carolina College (now called the University of South Carolina), where
5261045
John E. Bendix


John E. Bendix (August 28, 1818 – October 8, 1877) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War who commanded two different New York regiments and then a brigade of infantry in Army of the Potomac in the Eastern Theater. He survived a serious wound at the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862. He was noted as a prolific recruiter and organizer, and after the war, as a brevet general in the New York Militia, he helped organize the postbellum the New York state militia that later
9169810
Falmouth, Virginia


the American Civil War, Falmouth was occupied by Union forces in 1862 and 1863, and Northern commanders located their headquarters southeast of the town during the Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville campaigns. In May 1864, Union wounded and Confederate prisoners from the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House were transported through the area to the wharves at Belle Plain on Potomac Creek, a tributary of the Potomac River, located east of Falmouth. Today Falmouth is a residential community and a suburb of Fredericksburg. Among the community's significant historic structures is Belmont
11630950
140th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment


. In November, 1862 the regiment was reassigned to the V Corps, 2nd Division, 3rd Brigade of the Army of the Potomac. From then on the 140th NY would remain with the V Corps of the Army of the Potomac and see action in, or be present in reserve at most of the major campaigns and engagements in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War until cessation of hostilities. The 140th NY first saw combat between December 12–15, 1862 at the Battle of Fredericksburg. After Fredericksburg, the regiment camped through
15509916
Commemoration of the American Civil War


Actual re-enactments are on May 19 and 20, 2012 for The Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse; on October 13, 2012 with an encampment at the Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, Virginia; on Memorial Day weekend in 2013 joining 3rd U.S. Regulars and the 13th Virginia Infantry as NPS honor guards at the Fredericksburg National Cemetery, Fredericksburg, Virginia. The idea of women re-enactors on the battlefield can be a touchy subject as not all women want to play the role of a nurse or local civilian; roles that
16063632
7th Rhode Island Infantry


Army of the Potomac. On November 15, the Seventh fought its first engagement, holding a key bridge against Confederate cavalry. Later that month they arrived at Fredericksburg, Virginia. The city lay in their path to attack Richmond. Burnside waited for over two weeks for pontoons to allow his army to cross. The result would be the near destruction of the Seventh Rhode Island. The Battle of Fredericksburg was one of the worst defeats of the Civil War for the Federal Army. The Army of the Potomac had to attack across
22138968
Battle of Fredericksburg


. The $12 million acquisition of the Slaughter Pen Farm at the Fredericksburg battlefield has been called the most ambitious nonprofit battlefield acquisition in American history. In October 2006, the Department of the Interior awarded a $2 million grant based on the significance of the Slaughter Pen Farm. The money was provided through a U.S. Congressional appropriation from the Land and Water Conservation Fund. The fund supports non-federal efforts to acquire and preserve meaningful American Civil War battlefield lands. The program is administered by the American Battlefield Protection Program, an
4345858
Rappahannock River


along the river. It was at the center of a major theater of battle in the American Civil War, where tens of thousands of troops fought against each other. Some 10,000 African-American slaves escaped across the river to Union lines and freedom, after the first Battle of Fredericksburg. Due to the river's significance as an obstacle to north-south movements, it effectively functioned as the boundary of the eastern theater of the war, between the "North" (the Union) and the "South" (the
12225007
Eugenia Washington


the American Civil War. Union and Confederate forces fought near the family plantation, so Washington and her family "suffered all the horrors and the hardships" of the war. The family witnessed the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 11–15, 1862, first hand. A wounded Union Army officer was brought to their home early in the battle and placed in Washington's care while waiting a surgeon, thus delaying the evacuation of Washington and her disabled father. As the battle drew even nearer, Washington "sheltered her father's body with
17231722
The Bullet (UMW)


In this day and age, no one really cares about the Civil War," referring to the previous name's allusion to Fredericksburg's history as a major battle site in the Civil War. The name change was met with some controversy among the student body, alumni, and online as the story was reported on by news outlets and blogs, prompting the board to pen an open letter clarifying its reasoning: "The Blue & Gray Press is a symbol of the school it serves and the locale in which it publishes.
16262774
4th Engineer Battalion (United States)


in major campaigns and battles in the American Civil War to include: Peninsula Campaign (March 1862), Battle of Antietam (September 1862), Battle of Fredericksburg (December 1862), Battle of Chancellorsville (April 1863), Battle of the Wilderness (May 1864), Battle of Spotsylvania Court House (May 1864), Cold Harbor (June 1864), Siege of Petersburg (June 1864-March 1865), and the Confederate surrender after the Battle of Appomattox Court House (April 1865). It was constituted 28 July
7533494
Mathews family (Virginia)


Warren County, Virginia in 1836./ Robert Israel Mathews was a farmer until the American Civil War broke out. He enlisted in the 49th Virginia Infantry regiment in the Confederate Army, which was commanded by William Smith. The regiment was nicknamed, "Extra Billy Smith's Boys" in 1861. Robert fought in the Battle of First Manassas, Battle of Antietam, Battle of Fredericksburg, Battle of Second Bull Run, Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of Chancellorsville, and the Battle of the Wilderness where he would be shot through the jaw
8360457
3rd Regiment Alabama Infantry


The 3rd Regiment Alabama Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. The 3rd Alabama consisted mainly of men from the Alabama counties of Autauga, Coosa, Lowndes, Macon, Mobile and Montgomery. The 3rd Alabama was mustered in at Montgomery, Alabama in April 1861. And fought in some of The Civil War's most bloody battles, including Seven Pines, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Antietam, Gettysburg and The Wilderness. By war's end the regiment would surrender at Appomattox Court House.
9073514
Arkansas in the American Civil War


, thus making it the state's most celebrated Confederate military unit. Attached to General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, the "Third Arkansas" would take part in almost every major Eastern battle, including the Battle of Seven Pines, Seven Days Battle, Battle of Harper's Ferry, Battle of Antietam, Battle of Fredericksburg, Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of Chickamauga, Battle of the Wilderness, and the Appomattox Campaign. Once Arkansas left the Union in May 1861, the existing volunteer militia companies were among the
5054051
Donald Burdick


Saints, Burdick has served in a variety of lay clergy positions, and he and his wife spent the first two years of their retirement as Church Education System missionaries in Georgia and South Carolina. Burdick traces his lineage back to the first Burdick in North America, Robert Burdick, who immigrated to Rhode Island from England in 1651. Included within that lineage are a father and son who served in the American Revolution and another ancestor who fought in the Battle of Fredericksburg during the American Civil War. Burdick’s older brother served on
5310833
Moses N. Wisewell


Moses N. Wisewell (May 15, 1827 – April 11, 1888) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War. Moses N. Wisewell was born at Brandon, Vermont, May 15, 1827. He was a civil engineer and merchant before the Civil War. As colonel, Wisewell commanded the 28th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry Regiment from September 22, 1862. At the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862, he was seriously wounded. He was transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps as a colonel on September 25
15970976
George Meade


in the coastal construction of several lighthouses. Meade's Civil War combat experience started as a brigade commander in the Peninsula Campaign and the Seven Days Battles. He was severely wounded while leading his brigade at the Battle of Glendale. As a division commander, he had notable success at the Battle of South Mountain and assumed temporary corps command at the Battle of Antietam. Meade's division was arguably the most successful of any at the Battle of Fredericksburg in December. It was part of a force charged with driving the Confederate troops under
15835275
Henry Harrison Hoyt


Henry Harrison Hoyt was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. Hoyt was born on January 21, 1840 in Sheldon, New York. During the American Civil War, he served with the 5th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment of the Union Army. Engagements he took part in include the Siege of Yorktown, the Battle of Williamsburg, the Battle of Crampton's Gap, the Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of Gettysburg. Hoyt was a member of the Assembly during the 1876 session. He was a Republican
20251359
Battle of Chancellorsville


the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park, which preserves some of the land that saw fighting in the 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg, the Chancellorsville campaign, the Battle of the Wilderness, and the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House (the latter two being key battles in the 1864 Overland Campaign). In May 2002, a regional developer announced a plan to build 2,300 houses and 2,000,000 square feet of commercial space on the 790-acre Mullins Farm, site of the first day of fighting at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Soon thereafter, the Civil
4293684
Fredericksburg, Virginia


a turnpike and plank road to bind the interior country to the market town. By 1837, a north-south railroad, which became the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad, linked the town to Richmond, the state capital. A much-needed railroad joining the town to the farming region to the west was not finished until after the Civil War. During the Civil War, Fredericksburg was strategically important because of its port location midway between Washington and Richmond, the opposing capitals of the Union and the Confederacy. During the
8218199
Battle of Fredericksburg


6, 1862 and consisted of: The two armies at Fredericksburg represented the largest number of armed men that ever confronted each other for combat during the Civil War. Union engineers began to assemble six pontoon bridges before dawn on December 11, two just north of the town center, a third on the southern end of town, and three farther south, near the confluence of the Rappahannock and Deep Run. The engineers constructing the bridge directly across from the city came under punishing fire from Confederate sharpshooters, primarily from the Mississippi brigade
4345797
George P. Hawkes


of Company A of the 21st Massachusetts on August 21, 1861. He was promoted to major on September 2, 1862, and to lieutenant colonel on December 18, 1862. From July 1862 to March 1863, the 21st Massachusetts was attached to the Army of the Potomac and participated in several of the largest battles of the Civil War, including the Second Battle of Bull Run, the Battle of Antietam and the Battle of Fredericksburg. Lt. Col. Hawkes took command of the 21st Massachusetts after the resignation of Col.
15012331
Pittsburgh in the American Civil War


Fort Jones occupied the top of a hill in Mount Oliver. It was sometimes known as "Fort Jackson", in honor of Brig. Gen. Conrad Feger Jackson, killed in the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia, in December 1862. There was also Fort Black, in Greenfield. The greater Pittsburgh area was the birthplace or long-time residence of several Union army and navy officers, as well as some leading politicians of the era. Other important personalities of the Civil War born in the immediate Pittsburgh area included Col.
15135073
Battlefield District


The Battlefield District is a district of the Virginia High School League which consists of schools in Fredericksburg and the surrounding area. Most of the schools in the district are in Spotsylvania County, which is one of the fastest-growing counties in Virginia. The district is named for the Civil War battlefields around Fredericksburg. The schools in the Battlefield District compete in 3A and 4A. Courtland, Spotsylvania, and James Monroe won multiple football state titles during the 1980s and 1990s. In 2007, Riverbend High School left the Battlefield District and joined
13734091
Zenas Bliss


and served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. During the Civil War he was captured by Confederate forces and held as a prisoner of war. Bliss received the Medal of Honor for his actions while leading his regiment at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Bliss was born April 17, 1835 in Johnston, Rhode Island to an upper-middle-class family. His parents were Zenas and Phebe Waterman Randall Bliss. He received an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, in July 1850
5387967
American Civil War


Union position at Chancellorsville. That same day, John Sedgwick advanced across the Rappahannock River, defeated the small Confederate force at Marye's Heights in the Second Battle of Fredericksburg, and then moved to the west. The Confederates fought a successful delaying action at the Battle of Salem Church. Gen. Hooker was replaced by Maj. Gen. George Meade during Lee's second invasion of the North, in June. Meade defeated Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1 to 3, 1863). This was the bloodiest battle of the
286998
George Davis McDill


George Davis McDill was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. McDill was born on July 28, 1838 in Wayne Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. During the American Civil War, he initially enlisted with the 6th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment of the Union Army. Later, he served with the 37th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment, achieving the rank of captain. Events McDill took part in include the Second Battle of Bull Run, the Battle of South Mountain, the Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of
14433423
William Bliss Baker


a Brevet Brigadier General. He was noted for his bravery during the charge at Marye's Heights during the Battle of Fredericksburg. After the war, he joined the Loyal Legion, then served as a member of the New York State Assembly from 1880 to 1882. William's best-known brother was Captain Guy Ellis Baker (b. 1858), who married Louisa Irene Palma Di Cesnola, daughter of Civil War Medal of Honor recipient General Louis Palma di Cesnola. His other brothers included Benjamin Henry (b. 1869), George
12907447
Matt Whitaker Ransom


, 1863. Ransom saw action in the battles of Seven Pines, the Seven Days Battles, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Plymouth, Weldon, Suffolk and the siege of Petersburg. He was wounded three times during the Civil War and finally surrendered at Appomattox. After the war, Ransom moved to Weldon, North Carolina, in 1866 where he was a planter and lawyer. In 1872, he was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1871. Ransom was re
1016306
5th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment


The 5th Wisconsin was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The 5th Infantry was assembled at Camp Randall, in Madison on July 12, 1861. It left Wisconsin for Washington, D.C. on July 24, 1861. During the war it moved through Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New York (helping to quell that city's famous draft riots). It participated in the battles of Williamsburg, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, the Battles of the Wilderness, and the surrender of
6459638
George Yates


his actions during the war. He fought at the First Battle of Manassas, Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg. After the Civil War, in 1866, Yates was appointed a captain in the 7th Cavalry. He served under Lt. Colonel Custer, commanding F Company. He was a member of the so-called "Custer Clan" or "Custer Gang" of close-knit friends and relatives of the General. Yates was killed during the Battle of the Little Bighorn and fell near Custer. According to some accounts
8698994
Military history of Puerto Rico


military armed forces, however since Puerto Ricans were Spanish subjects they were inscribed as Spaniards. The 1860 census of New Haven, Connecticut, shows there were 10 Puerto Ricans living there. Among of them was Augusto Rodriguez who joined the 15th Connecticut Regiment (a.k.a. Lyon Regiment) in 1862. During the Civil War, Rodriguez, who reached the rank of lieutenant, served in the defenses of Washington, D.C. He also led his men in the Battles of Fredericksburg and Wyse Fork. The regiment was mustered out on June 27
20151670
Medicine in the American Civil War


corps of the value of women working in 350 Commission or army hospitals. A representative nurse was Helen L. Gilson (1835–68) of Chelsea, Massachusetts, who served in Sanitary Commission. She supervised supplies, dressed wounds, and cooked special foods for patients on a limited diet. She worked in hospitals after the battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg. She was a successful administrator, especially at the hospital for black soldiers at City Point, Virginia. The middle class women North and South who volunteered provided vitally needed
22116790
History of the United States


Republicans in the North, as well as their enemies, the anti-war Copperhead Democrats. It ended the risk of British and French intervention. Lee's smaller army won at the Battle of Fredericksburg late in 1862, causing yet another change in commanders. Lee won again at the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863, while losing his top aide, Stonewall Jackson. But Lee pushed too hard and ignored the Union threat in the west. Lee invaded Pennsylvania in search of supplies and to cause war-weariness in the North
16887592
Philip Petty


Philip Petty (May 15, 1840 – December 22, 1917) was a British American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Petty received the Medal of Honor for his action in the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862. Petty was born in Tingewick, England, on May 15, 1840. He moved to Pennsylvania and enlisted in the Union Army's 136th Pennsylvania Infantry Volunteers as a musician in August 1862. Shortly after enlisting, Petty took the position of a private in the infantry and joined Company a
19406373
Battle of Mine Run


from several landowners, used metal detectors to prove it. Within a couple days Savas and Sacra had unearthed hundreds of artifacts, including bullets, a ramrod, bayonet socket, a partial harmonica, belt buckles, buttons, and much more. Savas drew maps of the field and the general location of the artifacts and delivered them to The Association for the Preservation of Civil War Sites (or APCWS), and its director, A. Wilson Greene, in Fredericksburg, Virginia. Greene, who had no idea the field was in
6700733
Griffin Alexander Stedman


Griffin Alexander Stedman (January 6, 1838 – August 6, 1864) was a Colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War, He graduated from Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut in 1859, and practiced law. When the civil war began he was commissioned as captain in the 5th Connecticut Infantry Regiment but quickly became a major in the 11th Connecticut Infantry Regiment. In the next year he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and commanded the regiment on several occasions; including the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. He
10293888
John Parke


John Grubb Parke (September 22, 1827 – December 16, 1900) was a United States Army engineer and a Union general in the American Civil War. Parke's Civil War service was closely associated with Ambrose E. Burnside, often serving him as chief of staff in major engagements such as Antietam, Fredericksburg and the Overland Campaign. Parke also held significant field commands during Burnside's North Carolina Expedition, Vicksburg and the battle of Fort Stedman as well as brief stints in command of the Army of the Potomac. Parke was born
11415696
Greenwich in the American Civil War


Nicholas Fox was one of only 31 Connecticut soldiers to ever receive the Medal of Honor. Captain Frank Munford Kelly - In 1861, at the age of seventeen, Mr. Kelly enlisted in the 44th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, known as the Ellsworth Avengers. Through his valor he was soon promoted to Sergeant, then Second Lieutenant, and Adjunct and, finally, captain. He participated in most of the important engagements of the Civil War, including the battles of Gettysburg, Fredericksburg, Vicksburg, Antietam and Bull Run. During
260094
Fluvanna County, Virginia


upstream to Charlottesville. The head of navigation was located at the point where the Fredericksburg Road (now VA 20) and Three Chopt Road (U.S. Route 250), the primary road to Richmond, met and entered the city at the Free Bridge, establishing the city as a major commercial hub. While no Civil War battles were fought in Fluvanna, Union soldiers burned mills and bridges and damaged the James River and Kanawha Canal to disrupt traffic and commerce. During the American Civil War more than 1,200 of the county's citizens
8218266
Byron M. Cutcheon


battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania Court House. During his service in the American Civil War he was in the battles of Fredericksburg, Virginia; Horseshoe Bend, Kentucky; the Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi; the Assault on Jackson, Mississippi; the battles of Blue Springs, Tennessee; London, Tennessee; Campbell's Station, Tennessee; the Siege of Knoxville, Tennessee; the Assault on Fort Saunders, at Knoxville; Thurley's Ford, Tennessee; Strawberry Plains, Tennessee; Chuckey Bend; Wilderness (for actions during which
18638257
5th New York Volunteer Infantry


infantry regiments in the entire Civil War. The entire Color Guard was killed, except for one man. The only officer to survive the battle was Captain Cleveland Winslow. Later, at the Battle of Antietam, September 17, the unit was held in reserve. On December 15, the unit fought at the Battle of Fredericksburg, covering the Union retreat. At the Battle of Chancellorsville under Joseph Hooker, the unit saw its final combat. In the fall of 1862, officers of the 5th detailed on recruiting duty had organized
10930172
Battle of Salem Church


The Battle of Salem Church, also known as the Battle of Banks' Ford, took place on May 3 and 4, 1863, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, as part of the Chancellorsville Campaign of the American Civil War. After occupying Marye's Heights on May 3, following the Second Battle of Fredericksburg, Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick's VI Corps of about 23,000 men marched out on the Orange Plank Road with the objective of reaching his superior Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker's force at Chancellorsville. He was delayed by
16604886
Alfred H. Colquitt


Secession on January 19, 1861. At the beginning of the civil war, Colquitt was appointed captain in the 6th Georgia Infantry. Eventually rising to colonel, he led his regiment in the Peninsula Campaign. At Seven Pines, he assumed brigade command after Brig. Gen Gabriel Rains was wounded, and led it through the Seven Days Battles.He led his brigade under Stonewall Jackson in the Battle of South Mountain, Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Fredericksburg, and the Battle of Chancellorsville. Colquitt survived Antietam unscathed despite almost
16622305
John Johnson (Medal of Honor, 1842)


John Johnson (March 25, 1842 – April 3, 1907) served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Antietam and the Battle of Fredericksburg. Johnson was born on March 25, 1842 in Norway. His official residence was listed as Janesville, Wisconsin. Johnson was a member of the 2nd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment, part of the Iron Brigade. He earned his medal of honor for valor displayed at the Battle of Antietam and the Battle
18076699
6th Georgia Volunteer Infantry


The 6th Georgia Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It was organized at Macon, Georgia, in April 1861. Future governor of Georgia, Alfred H. Colquitt, was elected its first colonel. The regiment fought in the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Antietam and participated in Stonewall Jackson's flank attack at the Battle of Chancellorsville. The unit later saw action at battery Wagner near Charleston, South Carolina, and the battle of Olustee near Ocean Pond, Florida. The
18738960
Patrick Kelly (Civil War)


at the First Battle of Bull Run. He briefly was a captain in the 16th U.S. Infantry. On September 14, 1861, he was named lieutenant colonel of the 88th New York Infantry and fought in the Irish Brigade's major battles in 1862. He commanded the regiment at the Battle of Antietam. While stationed at Harpers Ferry following the Maryland Campaign, he was promoted to colonel on October 20, 1862. He led the regiment in the ill-fated attacks in front of Marye's Heights in the Battle of Fredericksburg
2664404
Battle of Chancellorsville


The Battle of Chancellorsville was a major battle of the American Civil War (1861–1865), and the principal engagement of the Chancellorsville campaign. It was fought from April 30 to May 6, 1863, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near the village of Chancellorsville. Two related battles were fought nearby on May 3 in the vicinity of Fredericksburg. The campaign pitted Union Army Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker's Army of the Potomac against an army less than half its size, General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.
4293573
Rhode Island in the American Civil War


Island during the last two years of the war. Ambrose Burnside was an arms manufacturer, politician, and general in the Rhode Island state militia and was an influential army officer. He rose to command of the Army of the Potomac before his disastrous defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862. He later commanded the Department of the Ohio as well as the IX Corps. His field duty ended during the Siege of Petersburg with the Battle of the Crater, another fiasco for which he took the blame. Major General Silas
1397465
The Civil War: A Narrative


By 1963 Foote had finished the second volume, "Fredericksburg to Meridian". In 1964 he began Volume 3, "Red River to Appomattox", but found himself repeatedly distracted by the ongoing events in the nation and was not able to finish and publish it until 1974. Writing the third volume took as many years as had the first two combined. The first volume covers the roots of the war to the Battle of Perryville on October 8, 1862. All the significant battles are here, from Bull Run through Shiloh
5018564