when were pound notes phased out in scotland
Bank of England £20 note


The Bank of England £20 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the second highest denomination of banknote issued by the Bank of England. The current cotton note, first issued in 2007, bears the image of Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and the image of Scottish economist Adam Smith on the reverse. Starting in 2020, the current note will be phased out, to be replaced by a polymer note featuring a portrait of artist J. M. W. Turner in place of Smith. Twenty pound notes were introduced
13993946
Kiribati dollar


, local banknotes were issued under the authority of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Government and were locally produced with a primitive and austere design. These notes were valued on parity with sterling and issued in denominations of 1, 2, 5, and 10 shillings and 1 pound. After the wartime emergency had passed these notes were discontinued and gradually phased out. Due to their scarcity, these notes are highly collectable. In 1966, the new Australian dollar became the new official currency of The Gilbert and Ellice islands, replacing the pound
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Pound sterling


1695. Although the pound Scots was still the currency of Scotland, these notes were denominated in sterling in values up to £100. From 1727, the Royal Bank of Scotland also issued notes. Both banks issued some notes denominated in guineas as well as pounds. In the 19th century, regulations limited the smallest note issued by Scottish banks to be the £1 denomination, a note not permitted in England. With the extension of sterling to Ireland in 1825, the Bank of Ireland began issuing sterling notes, later followed
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Pound Scots


of 12 to 1 (1 pound Scots equal to 1s 8d sterling), although the pound Scots continued to be used in Scotland as a unit of account for most of the 18th century. Today there is no distinct Pound Scots; but Scotland's three largest clearing banks (the Royal Bank of Scotland, the Bank of Scotland and the Clydesdale Bank) still print paper notes denominated in pounds sterling. These notes may be accepted as payment throughout the United Kingdom, but are much more commonly seen in Scotland; they represent
8703315
Duration of English parliaments before 1660


been made to set out the different phases of the Parliament in the second table in this section and in subsequent sections. The phases are indicated by a letter in the -Plt column (in the case of these phases they all share the same -Plt number, which is used in the first table of this section, so the column is available to set out the letter for the phases moving forward from 1640) and are explained in a note." Note:- Note:- Note:- These parliaments included representatives of Scotland and Ireland. Note:- Note:-
11036967
Saint Helena pound


until 2003. Until that time the original, larger sized 50 pence continued to circulate before being phased out. In 2002, nickel-brass 2-pound coins were introduced to replace the note, and bimetallic 2-pound coins were also first introduced to the islands the following year. The edge inscriptions of the 2-pound coins are (in capitals) "500th Anniversary" for the 2002 coin and "Loyal and Faithful" for the 2003 coin. All circulation coins have on the obverse side a portrait of the head of Queen Elizabeth II,
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Bank of Scotland £5 note


Bank of Scotland. Scottish banknotes are not withdrawn in the same manner as Bank of England notes, and therefore several different versions of the Bank of Scotland five pound note may be encountered, although the Committee of Scottish Bankers encouraged the public to spend or exchange older, non-polymer five pound notes before 1 March 2018. The Tercentenary series of Bank of Scotland notes was introduced in 1995, and was named for the three hundredth anniversary of the bank's founding, which occurred in that year. Each note featured a portrait
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Banknotes of the pound sterling


issue banknotes backed by Bank of England funds. Until 1701 Scotland issued its own pound, the Pound Scots. The issuing of retail-bank banknotes in Scotland is subject to the Bank Charter Act 1844, Banknotes (Scotland) Act 1845, the Currency and Bank Notes Act 1928, and the Coinage Act 1971. Pursuant to some of these statutes, the Commissioners for Revenue and Customs publishes an account of "the Amount of Notes authorised by Law to be issued by the several Banks of Issue in Scotland, and the Average
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Bank of Scotland £10 note


of England notes, and therefore several different versions of the Bank of Scotland ten pound note may be encountered although the Committee of Scottish Bankers encouraged the public to spend or exchange older, non-polymer ten pound notes before 1 March 2018. The Tercentenary series of Bank of Scotland notes was introduced in 1995, and is named for the three hundredth anniversary of the bank's founding, which occurred in that year. Each note features a portrait of Walter Scott on the front. The £10 note has a diamond on the
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Bank of Scotland £10 note


The Bank of Scotland £10 note, also known as a tenner, is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the second smallest denomination of banknote issued by the Bank of Scotland. The current polymer note, first issued in 2017, bears the image of Walter Scott on the obverse and a vignette of the Glenfinnan Viaduct on the reverse. Paper currency was introduced in Scotland immediately following the foundation of the Bank of Scotland in 1695. Early banknotes were monochrome, and printed on one side only. The issuing of
21003214
The Royal Bank of Scotland £5 note


The Royal Bank of Scotland £5 note, also known as a fiver, is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the second smallest denomination of banknote issued by The Royal Bank of Scotland. The current polymer note, first issued in 2016, bears an image of the author Nan Shepherd on the obverse and a pair of mackerel on the reverse. The Royal Bank of Scotland began issuing £5 notes in 1727, the same year as the bank's founding. Early banknotes were monochrome, and printed on one
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The Royal Bank of Scotland £10 note


The Royal Bank of Scotland £10 note, also known as a tenner, is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the third smallest denomination of banknote issued by The Royal Bank of Scotland. The current polymer note, first issued in 2017, bears a portrait of scientist Mary Somerville on the front and a pair of otters on the reverse. The Royal Bank of Scotland began issuing £10 notes in 1727, the same year as the bank's founding. Early banknotes were monochrome, and printed on one side
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The Royal Bank of Scotland £20 note


The Royal Bank of Scotland £20 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the third largest denomination of banknote issued by The Royal Bank of Scotland. The current cotton note, first issued in 1987 bears an image of Lord Ilay, one of the founders of the bank, on the obverse and a vignette of Brodick Castle on the reverse. The Royal Bank of Scotland began issuing £20 notes in 1727, the same year as the bank's founding. Early banknotes were monochrome, and printed on one
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The Royal Bank of Scotland £50 note


The Royal Bank of Scotland £50 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the second largest denomination of banknote issued by the Royal Bank of Scotland. The current cotton note, first issued in 2005 bears an image of Lord Ilay, one of the founders of the bank, on the obverse and a vignette of Inverness Castle on the reverse. The Royal Bank of Scotland began issuing £50 notes in 1727, the same year as the bank's founding. Early banknotes were monochrome, and printed on one
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The Royal Bank of Scotland £100 note


The Royal Bank of Scotland £100 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the largest denomination of banknote issued by The Royal Bank of Scotland. The current cotton note, first issued in 1987 bears an image of Lord Ilay, one of the founders of the bank, on the obverse and a vignette of Balmoral Castle on the reverse. The Royal Bank of Scotland began issuing £100 notes in 1727, the same year as the bank's founding. Early banknotes were monochrome, and printed on one side
21661410
Egyptian pound


were plans to introduce £200 and £500 notes. As of 2015, there are £200 notes circulating but there are still no plans for making £500 notes. Starting from 2011 the 25, 50 piastres and £1 banknotes have been phased out and replaced by more extensive use of coins. As of June 2016 the National Bank of Egypt reintroduced the £1 banknote into circulation as well as the 25 and 50 piastres notes in response to a shortage of small change. This table shows the value of one British
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Bank of Scotland £20 note


The Bank of Scotland £20 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the third largest of five banknote denominations issued by the Bank of Scotland. The current cotton note, first issued in 2007 bears the image of Walter Scott on the obverse and a vignette of the Forth Bridge on the reverse. Paper currency was introduced in Scotland immediately following the foundation of the Bank of Scotland in 1695. Early banknotes were monochrome, and printed on one side only. The issuing of banknotes by Scottish banks was regulated by
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Bank of Scotland £50 note


The Bank of Scotland £50 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the second largest of five banknote denominations issued by the Bank of Scotland. The current cotton note, first issued in 2007 bears the image of Walter Scott on the obverse and a vignette of the Falkirk Wheel on the reverse. Paper currency was introduced in Scotland immediately following the foundation of the Bank of Scotland in 1695. Early banknotes were monochrome, and printed on one side only. The issuing of banknotes by Scottish banks was regulated by
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Bank of Scotland £100 note


The Bank of Scotland £100 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the largest of five banknote denominations issued by the Bank of Scotland. The current cotton note, first issued in 2007 bears the image of Walter Scott on the obverse and a vignette of the Kessock Bridge on the reverse. Paper currency was introduced in Scotland immediately following the foundation of the Bank of Scotland in 1695. Early banknotes were monochrome, and printed on one side only. The issuing of banknotes by Scottish banks was regulated by the
21003239
Banknotes of the pound sterling


be accepted. Until 31 December 1984, the Bank of England issued one pound notes, and these notes did have legal tender status in Scotland and Northern Ireland while they existed. The Currency and Bank Notes Act 1954 defined Bank of England notes of less than £5 in value as legal tender in Scotland. Since the English £1 note was removed from circulation in 1988, this leaves a legal curiosity in Scots law whereby there is no paper legal tender in Scotland. The UK Treasury has proposed extending legal tender status to
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Banknotes of the pound sterling


Amount of Notes in Circulation, and of Bank of England Notes and Coin held" in the "London Gazette". See for example "Gazette" Issue 58254 published 21 February 2007 at page 2544. All Bank of Scotland notes bear a portrait of Sir Walter Scott on the front in commemoration of his 1826 "Malachi Malagrowther" campaign for Scottish banks to retain the right to issue their own notes. Bank of Scotland's 2007 redesign of their banknotes are known as the "Bridges of Scotland" series. These notes were
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Bank of England £1 note


nine months in general circulation, while coins could last forty years or more. The government also believed that the growing vending industry would benefit from the introduction of a one-pound coin. The new cupro-nickel coin was introduced on 21 April 1983 and the one pound note ceased to be legal tender on 11 March 1988. Bank of England £1 notes are still occasionally found in circulation in Scotland, alongside Royal Bank of Scotland £1 notes. This is because Scotland has no concept of Legal Tender, and any
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Kingdom of Scotland


own coinage. At the union of the Crowns in 1603 the Pound Scots was fixed at only one-twelfth the value of the English pound. The Bank of Scotland issued pound notes from 1704. Scottish currency was abolished by the Act of Union, however to the present day, Scotland retains unique banknotes. Geographically, Scotland is divided between the Highlands and Islands and the Lowlands. The Highlands had a relatively short growing season, which was further shortened during the Little Ice Age. From Scotland's foundation to the inception of
8070464
List of motifs on banknotes


the central bank, responsible for issuing currency. Banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland retain the right to issue their own notes, subject to retaining enough Bank of England notes in reserve to cover the issue. The official currency of England is the pound sterling (GBP). The motifs used are: The official currency of Scotland is the Pound sterling (GBP). Under Scottish legislation, banknotes are issued by commercial banks not the government. The motifs issued by the Bank of Scotland are: The Royal Bank of Scotland issues
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List of people on banknotes


Pound sterling." "While the Bank of England is the central bank for the whole of the United Kingdom, a total of eight commercial banks retain the right to issue their own pound sterling notes; see Banknotes of the pound sterling for a full discussion of this arrangement." In England and Wales the Bank of England is the only bank with the right to issue pound sterling banknotes Three commercial banks in Scotland are authorised to issue their own sterling banknotes: the Bank of Scotland, the Royal Bank of Scotland and the
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The Royal Bank of Scotland £5 note


withdrawn in the same manner as Bank of England notes, and therefore several different versions of the Royal Bank of Scotland five pound note may be encountered, although the Committee of Scottish Bankers encouraged the public to spend or exchange older, non-polymer five pound notes before 1 March 2018. The Ilay series of banknotes was first issued in 1987. These banknotes feature a portrait of Lord Ilay, first governor of the bank, on the front. Lord Ilay's image is also used as a watermark on the notes. Other
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Bank of Scotland


in circulation, although they remain legal currency, and they have been replaced by the 2007 series. Bank of Scotland began issuing a new series of banknotes in the Autumn of 2007, which feature the common theme of Scottish bridges. It will take at least three years for the current issue of Bank of Scotland notes to be phased out of circulation. In keeping with the bank's tradition, the front of the notes depict an image of Sir Walter Scott; the image on the 2007 series is based on the portrait of
3213151
Economy of the United Kingdom


the daily $5.3 trillion global turnover. The highest daily volume, counted in trillions of dollars US, is reached when New York enters the trade. The currency of the UK is the pound sterling, represented by the symbol "£'. The Bank of England is the central bank, responsible for issuing currency. Banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland retain the right to issue their own notes, subject to retaining enough Bank of England notes in reserve to cover the issue. The pound sterling is also used as a reserve
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The Royal Bank of Scotland £1 note


The Royal Bank of Scotland £1 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the smallest denomination of banknote issued by The Royal Bank of Scotland. The current cotton note, first issued in 1987 bears an image of Lord Ilay, one of the founders of the bank, on the obverse and a vignette of Edinburgh Castle on the reverse. The £1 note is currently the smallest denomination of banknote issued by The Royal Bank of Scotland. The bank ceased regular production of £1 notes in 2001; the
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Bank of Scotland £5 note


The Bank of Scotland £5 note, also known as a fiver, is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the smallest denomination of banknote issued by the Bank of Scotland. The current polymer note, first issued in October 2016, bears the image of Walter Scott on the obverse and a vignette of the Brig o' Doon on the reverse. The polymer replaces a cotton note also featuring a portrait of Walter Scott. Paper currency was introduced in Scotland immediately following the foundation of the Bank of Scotland in 1695
21002564
Biafra


. The currency of Biafra had been the Nigerian pound until the Bank of Biafra started printing out its own notes, the Biafran pound. The new currency went public on 28 January 1968, and the Nigerian pound was not accepted as an exchange unit. The first issue of the bank notes included only 5 shillings notes and 1 pound notes. The Bank of Nigeria exchanged only 30 pounds for an individual and 300 pounds for enterprises in the second half of 1968. In 1969 new notes were introduced: £10, £5
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Banknotes of Scotland


Scottish Bankers encouraged the public to spend or exchange non-polymer five and ten pound notes before 1 March 2018. Following the announcement that HBOS (Bank of Scotland's parent company) would be taken over by Lloyds TSB in September 2008, it was confirmed that the new banking company would continue to print bank notes under the Bank of Scotland name. According to the Bank Notes (Scotland) Act 1845, the bank could have lost its note-issuing rights, but by retaining headquarters within Scotland, banknote issue continued.
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Banknotes of the pound sterling


Lloyds TSB in September 2008, it was confirmed that the new banking company would continue to print bank notes under the Bank of Scotland name. According to the Bank Notes (Scotland) Act 1845, the bank could have lost its note-issuing rights, but by retaining headquarters within Scotland, banknote issue will continue. As of August 2017, the Royal Bank of Scotland is in the process of adopting a new series of banknotes. These will be made of polymer. Two (the £5 and £10 notes)
219395
Pound sterling


by other Irish banks. These notes included the unusual denominations of 30/- and £3. The highest denomination issued by the Irish banks was £100. In 1826, banks at least from London were given permission to issue their own paper money. From 1844, new banks were excluded from issuing notes in England and Wales but not in Scotland and Ireland. Consequently, the number of private banknotes dwindled in England and Wales but proliferated in Scotland and Ireland. The last English private banknotes were issued in 1921. In 1914,
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Bank of England £5 note


The Bank of England £5 note, also known as a fiver, is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the smallest denomination of banknote issued by the Bank of England. In September 2016, a new polymer note was introduced, featuring the image of Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and a portrait of Winston Churchill on the reverse. The old paper note, first issued in 2002 and bearing the image of prison reformer Elizabeth Fry on the reverse, was phased out and ceased to be legal tender after 5
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Banknotes of the pound sterling


's date of birth in binary code. Not since 1945 has there been bigger notes than £50 issued for general circulation by the Bank of England, although banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland still use £100 notes. However, the Bank of England does produce higher-value notes that are used to maintain parity with Scottish and Northern Irish notes. Banknotes issued by Scottish and Northern Irish banks have to be backed pound for pound by Bank of England notes (other than a small amount representing the currency in circulation in 1845
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Banknotes of Scotland


Banknotes of Scotland are the banknotes of the pound sterling that are issued by the Scottish banks and in circulation in Scotland. The issuing of banknotes by retail banks in Scotland is subject to the Bank Charter Act 1844, the Banknotes (Scotland) Act 1845, the Currency and Bank Notes Act 1928, and the Coinage Act 1971. Currently, three retail banks are allowed to print notes for circulation in Scotland: Bank of Scotland, Royal Bank of Scotland, and Clydesdale Bank. Scottish banknotes are unusual, first because they are
17288590
Western Samoan pound


pound notes of the Bank of New Zealand signed by Lt. Colonel Logan. Overprinted Ten shillings notes of the Bank of New Zealand were added in 1920. In 1922, Treasury Notes were issued "by the authority of the New Zealand Government" in denominations of 10 shillings, 1 and 5 pounds. These notes were issued until 1961, when the "Bank of Western Samoa" took over paper money issuance. The Bank's first issues were overprints on the Treasury Notes. In 1963, regular type notes were introduced in
3358885
Bank of England £100,000,000 note


The Bank of England £100,000,000 note, also referred to as Titan, is a non-circulating Bank of England banknote of the pound sterling used to back the value of Scottish and Northern Irish pound notes. It is the highest denomination of banknote printed by the Bank of England. It ensures that, for example, if a commercial bank in Scotland or Northern Ireland closes and no one can redeem the value stated on the notes it has issued, holders of such notes know the value of the note is kept as they
11704073
Slang terms for money


Brass" is northern English slang for any amount of money. The one pound note still in circulation in Scotland is occasionally referred to as a "Sheet" and thus the ten shilling note as a "Half Sheet". More commonly the ten shilling note was a "ten bob note" or, in London, "half a bar". "As bent as a nine bob note" is or was common colloquial phrase used to describe something or someone crooked or counterfeit. In pub culture five and ten pound notes
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Pound sterling


and £1000, with any odd shillings added by hand. £10 notes were added in 1759, followed by £5 in 1793 and £1 and £2 in 1797. The lowest two denominations were withdrawn after the end of the Napoleonic wars. In 1855, the notes were converted to being entirely printed, with denominations of £5, £10, £20, £50, £100, £200, £300, £500 and £1000 issued. The Bank of Scotland began issuing notes in
219277
Australian five-pound note


and the horizontal red/yellow bands on the first design were replaced by a vertical phasing of purple/yellow/purple. 10,293,018 of these notes were printed. Signatories: Kell/Collins (1924–1926); Kell/Heathershaw (1927) Designed and printed by Thomas S. Harrison, the note was made longer and narrower to improve printing efficiency (six notes could fit onto a sheet instead of four) and further security features were added: a basketweave watermark was used around the borders and the denomination appears in watermarks in the
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Moss Jernverk


on the cannons was "Liberalitate optimi" (by the sovereign's most kind generosity), which pointed to the privileges and the large loan from the state. Moss Jernverk manufactured cannons up to 36-pound size, but also 1/8-pound, which were considered toys. In 1789 there were suspicions regarding 18-pound and 12-pound cannons' quality – test firing confirmed that the cannons were inadequate. This resulted in the state changing to Swedish ironworks for purchasing cannons, with the imminent result that the cannons from Moss were eventually phased out. As late
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Banknotes of the pound sterling


Scottish banknotes. The proposal has been opposed by Scottish nationalists who claim it would reduce the independence of the Scottish banking sector. Most of the notes issued by the note-issuing banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland have to be backed by Bank of England notes held by the issuing bank. The combined size of these banknote issues is well over a billion pounds. To make it possible for the note-issuing banks to hold equivalent values in Bank of England notes, the Bank of England issues special notes with denominations of one
219363
Sudanese pound


yellow ringed with a silver coloured centre and the 50 qirush the opposite. In April 1957, the Sudan Currency Board introduced notes for 25 and 50 piastres, 1, 5 and 10 pounds. Note production was taken over by the Bank of Sudan in 1961. 20-pound notes were introduced in 1981, followed by 50 pounds in 1984 and 100 pounds in 1988. When introduced on 8 June 1992, the Sudanese dinar replaced the first Sudanese pound at a rate of 1:10. In 2005, the National Public Radio of the United
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Banknotes of the pound sterling


on private banknotes proposed with the Bankers (Scotland) Act 1826 would have adverse economic consequences if enacted in Scotland because gold and silver were scarce and Scottish commerce relied on small notes as the principal medium of circulating money. His action eventually halted the abolition of private banknotes in Scotland. Scottish and Northern Irish banknotes are unusual, firstly because they are issued by retail banks, not central banks, and secondly, as they are technically not legal tender anywhere in the UK – not even in Scotland or Northern Ireland – as they
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Banknotes of the pound sterling


in 1921 by Fox, Fowler and Company, a Somerset bank. However, some of the monopoly provisions of the Bank Charter Act only applied to England and Wales. The Bank Notes (Scotland) Act was passed the following year, and to this day, three retail banks retain the right to issue their own sterling banknotes in Scotland, and four in Northern Ireland. Notes issued in excess of the value of notes outstanding in 1844 (1845 in Scotland) must be backed up by an equivalent value of Bank of England
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Jersey pound


The pound is the currency of Jersey. Jersey is in currency union with the United Kingdom, and the Jersey pound is not a separate currency but is an issue of banknotes and coins by the States of Jersey denominated in pound sterling, in a similar way to the banknotes issued in Scotland and Northern Ireland (see Banknotes of the pound sterling). It can be exchanged at par with other sterling coinage and notes (see also "sterling zone"). For this reason, ISO 4217 does not include a separate currency
3699596
Bank of England note issues


cover such deposits, on Bank of England paper. Examples include a note issued in London on behalf of the Royal Roumanian Government on 21 January 1915, payable on 21 January 1916, for £500,000, and a similar Treasury bill, dated 22 April 1927 payable on 22 April 1928. These exist in private hands as cancelled specimens. The banknotes issued by the banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland are required to be backed pound for pound by Bank of England notes. High denomination notes, for £1 million ("Giants
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Pound sterling


them may reject them. However, Scottish and Northern Irish bills both tend to be accepted in Scotland and Northern Ireland, respectively. Merchants in England generally do not accept Jersey, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Gibraltar, and Falkland notes but Isle of Man notes are generally accepted in Northern Ireland. Bank of England notes are generally accepted in the Falklands and Gibraltar, but for example, Scottish and Northern Irish notes are not. Since all of the bills are denominated in pounds sterling, banks will exchange them for locally issued
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Banknotes of the pound sterling


a wide range of provincial and town banking companies in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland circulated freely as a means of payment. As gold shortages affected the supply of money, note-issuing powers of the banks were gradually restricted by various Acts of Parliament, until the Bank Charter Act 1844 gave exclusive note-issuing powers to the central Bank of England. Under the Act, no new banks could start issuing notes; and note-issuing banks gradually vanished through mergers and closures. The last private English banknotes were issued
219351
Private currency


, are authorised by Parliament to issue Pound sterling bank notes. They are subject to central bank (the Bank of England) regulations concerning "ring-fenced backing assets" and are backed in part by deposits at the Bank of England. They are exchangeable with other pound notes on a one-to-one basis, and circulate freely within the United Kingdom, though not legal tender, not even in Scotland and Northern Ireland. In fact, technically, no banknote (including Bank of England notes) qualifies as legal
8469038
SM-65B Atlas


The other was a repeat of the high helium usage on 3B, due to a suspected fault in the LOX tank pressure regulator. At T+155 seconds, the LOX tank pressure surged to the point where it went out of instrumentation range. Total helium usage for booster phase was 14 pounds higher than normal, and 11 pounds higher than normal during sustainer phase. Missile 5B was launched from LC-11 on August 29 and reached an apogee of 550 miles. On 5B, pneumatic system problems occurred once again when LOX tank pressure increased abruptly
14521673
The Royal Bank of Scotland £10 note


in the same manner as Bank of England notes, and therefore several different versions of the Royal Bank of Scotland ten pound note may be encountered. The Ilay series of banknotes was first issued in 1987. These banknotes featured a portrait of Lord Ilay, first governor of the bank, on the front. Lord Ilay's image is also used as a watermark on the notes. Other design elements include the bank's coat of arms and logo, the facade of Dundas House, the bank's headquarters in Edinburgh, and a
21474633
Banknotes of the pound sterling


user rather than any physical specie. The following table lays out the various banks or authorities which are authorised to print pound sterling banknotes, organised by territory: In 1921, the Bank of England gained a legal monopoly on the issue of banknotes in England and Wales, a process that started with the Bank Charter Act of 1844 when the rights of other banks to issue notes was restricted. The bank issued its first banknotes in 1694, although before 1745 they were written for irregular amounts, rather than predefined multiples of a pound
219365
Guernsey pound


The pound is the currency of Guernsey. Since 1921, Guernsey has been in currency union with the United Kingdom and the Guernsey pound is not a separate currency but is a local issue of banknotes and coins denominated in pound sterling, in a similar way to the banknotes issued in Scotland, England and Northern Ireland (see Banknotes of the pound sterling). It can be exchanged at par with other sterling coinage and notes (see also sterling zone). For this reason, ISO 4217 does not include a separate currency code
4997536
United Kingdom


executing the government's public finance policy and economic policy. The Bank of England is the UK's central bank and is responsible for issuing notes and coins in the nation's currency, the pound sterling. Banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland retain the right to issue their own notes, subject to retaining enough Bank of England notes in reserve to cover their issue. The pound sterling is the world's third-largest reserve currency (after the US dollar and the euro). Since 1997 the Bank of England's Monetary Policy
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Manx pound


currency, and the aggregate total of notes issued must be pre-approved by Tynwald. ISO 4217 does not include a separate currency code for the Manx pound, but where code distinct from GBP is desired, "IMP" is generally used. UK notes and coins (whether from banks in England, Scotland, or Northern Ireland) are generally accepted in the Isle of Man, but Manx notes and coins are not generally accepted in the UK. To assist those travelling, the ATMs at the Sea Terminal, Douglas,
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Banknotes of the pound sterling


introduced on 17 September 2007, and show Scotland's most famous bridges on the reverse side. The "Bridges of Scotland" series is currently being refreshed with the issue of new polymer notes with designs that follow the same basic theme of "bridges". The previous "Tercentenary" series notes are being withdrawn from circulation and replaced with the 2007 series (or polymer series as these are issued), but remain legal currency. Following the announcement that HBOS (Bank of Scotland's parent company) would be taken over by
219394
Banknotes of Scotland


Beasties, Stuco and Susie Leiper). The previous series of Royal Bank of Scotland notes, originally issued in 1987, is in the process of being replaced by polymer notes: the Committee of Scottish Bankers encouraged the public to spend or exchange non-polymer five and ten pound notes before 1 March 2018, which have now been withdrawn from circulation.. On the front of each note is a picture of Lord Ilay (1682–1761), the first governor of the bank, based on a portrait painted in 1744 by the Edinburgh
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Bust of Carlo Antonio del Pozzo


The Bust of Carlo Antonio del Pozzo is a sculptural portrait by the Italian artist Gianlorenzo Bernini. It is in the National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh. Carlo Antonio was the Archbishop of Pisa and the uncle of the noted seventeenth-century collector, Cassiano del Pozzo, who commissioned Bernini to create the sculpture. It was acquired by the National Gallery of Scotland in 1986, at a cost of 3m British Pounds, although the value at the time was said to be much higher (around 7.5m pounds). It
18015855
Jersey pound


that the wording of the word "six" on the reverse incorporated an outsized "X" so that when the note was folded, the result was the resistance symbol "V" for victory. At Liberation in May 1945, the States stopped issuing notes. These notes were issued under the Currency Notes (Jersey) Law 1959. Designed by TDLR’s John White, they feature Pietro Annigoni’s portrait of Queen Elizabeth II. When the 10-pound note was issued in 1971, it featured the same image originally used on the
3699608
Pound sterling


Scottish and Northern Irish banks followed, with only the Royal Bank of Scotland continuing to issue this denomination. UK notes include raised print (e.g. on the words "Bank of England"); watermarks; embedded metallic thread; holograms; and fluorescent ink visible only under UV lamps. Three printing techniques are involved: offset litho, intaglio and letterpress; and the notes incorporate a total of 85 specialized inks. The Bank of England produces notes named "giant" and "titan". A giant is a one million pound
219282
Pound sterling


, £10, £20, and £50 notes. In 1961, 1964, and 1966, the pound came under renewed pressure, as speculators were selling pounds for dollars. In summer 1966, with the value of the pound falling in the currency markets, exchange controls were tightened by the Wilson government. Among the measures, tourists were banned from taking more than £50 out of the country in travellers' cheques and remittances, plus £15 in cash; this restriction was not lifted until 1979. The pound
219236
Egyptian pound


, cupro-nickel 25 piastre coins in 1993. The size of 5 piastre coins was reduced in 2004, 10 and 25 piastre coins - in 2008. On June 1, 2006, 50 piastre and 1 pound coins dated 2005 were introduced, and its equivalent banknotes were phased out and completely disappeared from circulation in 2010. The coins bear the face of Cleopatra VII and Tutankhamun's mask, and the 1 pound coin is bimetallic. The size and composition of 50 piastre coins was reduced in 2007. In 1899, the
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The Royal Bank of Scotland £1 note


year. At the time, printing portraits was a difficult and expensive process, and including a likeness of the King served as an effective anti-counterfeiting device. The banknotes were held at the bank in bound bundles, similar to modern cheque books. When issued, the cashier would cut the note out with a wavy line; when the note was later presented for payment, a bank clerk would verify that the note was not a counterfeit note by comparing the cut edge of the note against the shape of the counterfoil and
21661418
Bank of England £20 note


William Shakespeare appearing on the other. This note also had a security feature in the form of a 'windowed' metal thread. The thread is woven into the paper so that it forms a dashed line, yet appears as a single line when held up to the light. Series D notes were phased out in favour of the newer series E notes beginning in 1991. These notes were multicoloured (predominantly mauve-purple) and featured an image of scientist Michael Faraday on the back. Series E notes were replaced by a
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Bank Charter Act 1844


and Wales was Fox, Fowler and Company in 1921. The Bank Notes (Scotland) Act 1845 adopted a year later was more lenient. As in England, there could be no new banks of issue, but merging banks could combine their issues. Furthermore, banks in Scotland could issue more than their 1845 circulation amount, as long as the additional circulation was backed pound-for-pound with gold reserves at head office. A generation later, and much to the envy of English competitors, the Scottish banks even took
698721
The Million Pound Bank Note


. Henry realizes that he would not be easily able to exchange the bank note in the bank without being questioned about how he had come to have it, charged with theft and arrested. He would also not be able to spend it since no ordinary person would be able to change it. Finally, in desperation, Henry decides to see if he can use the note to get a cheap suit to replace his rags, similar to the way he got his meal; when he pulls out the million-pound note to
19277262
Bank of England £1 note


notes for gold in multiples of (the typical size of a "Good Delivery bar") or more. The responsibility for the printing of one pound notes was transferred to the Bank of England in 1928, and the ability to redeem banknotes for gold ceased in 1931 when Britain stopped using the gold standard. The Bank of England's first post-World War I one pound notes were two-sided green notes which were printed – not handwritten. The name of the payee was replaced by the declaration "I promise to
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Banknotes of the pound sterling


not the first British monarch to have her face on UK banknotes. George II, George III and George IV appeared on early Royal Bank of Scotland notes and George V appeared on 10 shilling and 1 pound notes issued by the British Treasury between 1914 and 1928. However, prior to the issue of its Series C banknotes in 1960, Bank of England banknotes generally did not depict the monarch. Today, notes issued by Scottish and Northern Irish banks do not depict the monarch. The monarch is depicted on banknotes issued by the
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Pound sterling


speaking, it is necessary for the debtor to offer the exact amount due as there is no obligation for the other party to provide change. Throughout the UK, £1 and £2 coins are legal tender for any amount, with the other coins being legal tender only for limited amounts. Bank of England notes are legal tender for any amount in England and Wales, but not in Scotland or Northern Ireland. (Bank of England 10/- and £1 notes were legal tender, as were Scottish banknotes, during World War
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Rent control in Scotland


1985, in respect of dwellings which were first entered in the Valuation Roll on or after those dates. (Note: "Valuation Roll" is the same as the English "Valuation List"). The main differences between Scotland and south of the border occur in the administration of the "fair rents" system, the formula by which fair rents are to be assessed, the retention of a three-year registration period and the continued phasing of rent increases. In Scotland, Rent Officers are appointed directly by the Secretary
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Banknotes of the pound sterling


the £26.5 million pound robbery at its Belfast headquarters in 2004. As of 2019, Danske Bank only issues the £10 and £20 denominations. Ulster Bank notes all feature a vignette of three Northern Ireland views: the Mourne Mountains, the Queen Elizabeth Bridge and the Giant's Causeway. Notes issued from 1 January 2007 feature the Royal Bank of Scotland Group logo. In November 2006 Ulster Bank issued its first commemorative banknote – an issue of one million £5 notes commemorating the first anniversary of the death of Northern Irish
219408
South African pound


Cape of Good Hope issued a 1-pound note in 1835 and a 20-pound note in 1834. Between 1869 and 1872, the ZAR in Transvaal issued notes for 6 pence, 1, 2½, 5 and 10 shillings, 1, 5 and 10 pounds. The National Bank of the ZAR issued 1 pound notes between 1892 and 1893. During the Second Boer War, government notes were issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 pounds. In 1920, Treasury gold certificate notes were issued in denominations
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One pound (British coin)


the Bank's offices, like all English banknotes. One-pound notes continue to be issued in Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, and by the Royal Bank of Scotland, but the pound coin is much more widely used. A new, dodecagonal (12-sided) design of coin was introduced on 28 March 2017 and both new and old versions of the one pound coin circulated together until the older design was withdrawn from circulation on 15 October 2017. After that date, the older coin could only be redeemed at
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The Royal Bank of Scotland £1 note


old Scots pounds — a currency that had been abolished 20 years earlier in the Acts of Union 1707 which united the Kingdoms of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain. Twenty shillings was equivalent to £12 Scots. The bank continued the custom of including the value in old Scots pounds until 1792 to encourage acceptance of its banknotes. This series of banknotes was also the first British banknote to have a royal portrait, as they featured a vignette of King George II, who had ascended to the British throne earlier that
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Joan Eardley


Joan Kathleen Harding Eardley (18 May 192116 August 1963) was a British artist noted for her portraiture of street children in Glasgow and for her landscapes of the fishing village of Catterline and surroundings on the North-East coast of Scotland. One of Scotland's most enduringly popular artists, her career was cut short by breast cancer. Her artistic career had three distinct phases. The first was from 1940 when she enrolled at the Glasgow School of Art through to 1949 when she had a successful exhibition of paintings created while travelling in
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Banknotes of Scotland


pound notes before 1 March 2018, these have now been withdrawn from circulation. The polymer notes continue the theme of the "World Heritage" Series of paper banknotes, introduced in autumn 2009. The new notes each depict a different notable Scot on the front and on the reverse bear an illustration of one of Scotland's UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Banknotes of the earlier "Famous Scots" Series portray notable Scottish historical people along with items and locations associated with them. The Clydesdale Bank also occasionally issues special edition banknotes, such
17288603
Bank of Scotland


Irish banking companies circulated freely as a means of payment. While the Bank of England eventually gained a monopoly for issuing banknotes in England and Wales, attempts to restrict Scottish banks from issuing notes were met with popular opposition. In 1826, there was outrage in Scotland at the attempt of the United Kingdom Parliament to prevent the production of banknotes of less than five pounds face value. Sir Walter Scott wrote a series of letters to the "Edinburgh Weekly Journal" under the pseudonym ""Malachi Malagrowther"" which provoked such a
3213149
Bushel


usually credited to Edward I or II defined the London bushel in terms of the larger corn gallon. In either case, the bushel was reckoned to contain 64 pounds of 12 ounces of 20 pence of 32 grains. These measures were based on the relatively light tower pound and were rarely used in Scotland, Ireland, or Wales during the Middle Ages. When the Tower system was abolished in the 16th century, the bushel was redefined as 56 avoirdupois pounds. The imperial bushel established by the Weights and Measures Act of 1824 described
1190843
Bank of Scotland


today is not a central bank, it retains the right (along with two other Scottish commercial banks) to issue pound sterling banknotes to this day. These notes are equal in value to notes issued by the Bank of England, the central bank of the United Kingdom. Along with the Bank of England, the Bank of Scotland was one of the first European banks to issue paper currency redeemable for cash on demand (which was an extremely useful facility given the poor state of the Scottish coinage at the end of the 17th
3213147
Fijian pound


was finally introduced. Cupro-nickel replaced silver between 1953 and 1957. In 1871, 1 pound notes were issued at Levuka on the island of Ovalau. These were followed in 1873 by notes of the Fiji Banking and Commercial Company in denominations of 5 and 10 shillings and 1 and 5 pounds. The Bank of New Zealand introduced notes in 1876 in denominations of 1, 5, 10 and 20 pounds, followed by 10 shillings notes in 1918. Bank of New South Wales issued 1 pound notes in 1901. In 1914
21475249
Syrian pound


replaced by coins. In 2009, the 50, 100, and 200 pound notes were changed with an entirely new design. In 2014 a new 500 pound note has been released, followed by a new 1000 note in 2015. The all-new 2000 pound note was introduced in July 2017. On July 27, 2010, the Central Bank of Syria issued a new series of banknotes dated 2009 in denominations of 50-, 100-, and 200 pounds. The notes were designed by Austrian banknote designer Robert Kalina. The Central
8783342
Bearskin


of bear skins. The article stated that, at that time, bearskin hats cost £7–5s each (about 35 contemporary US dollars; £600 in 2007 pounds) and noted "it can readily be seen what a price has to be paid for keeping up a custom which is rather old, it is true, but is practically a useless one save for the purpose of military display." In 1997, Minister for Defence Procurement Lord Gilbert said that he wanted to see bearskins phased out as soon as possible due to
11742527
Ghanaian cedi


military coup, the new leaders wanted to remove the face of Nkrumah from the banknotes. The "new cedi" (1967–2007) was worth 1.2 cedis, which made it equal to half of a pound sterling (or ten shillings sterling) at its introduction. Decades of high inflation devalued the new cedi, so that in 2007 the largest of the "new cedi" banknotes, the 20,000 note, had a value of about US$2. The new cedi was gradually phased out in 2007 in favor of the "Ghana
9071252
Bahamian pound


the islands until 1966. The Bank of Nassau initially issued notes in denominations of 5 and 10 shillings, and 1 pound. 4 shilling notes were introduced in 1906. The bank failed in 1917, and the Bahamas government took over the issuance of banknotes on the islands. The Public Treasury issued 1 pound notes in 1868, followed by government notes in 1869 for 1 and 5 pounds. In 1919, a new series of 4 and 10 shillings, and 1 pound notes was introduced, with 5 pound notes reintroduced after 1936
15689119
Tell Scotland Movement


people in Scotland attended meetings of one kind or another." Congregations across Scotland took up the challenge of the third, out-going, phase of Tell Scotland. By summer 1956, the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland heard that "There is hardly a part of Scotland where there has been no evangelistic activity ... some 600 campaigns of house to house visitation have been carried through". These were often arranged on an inter-denominational basis. After a citywide visitation of Edinburgh, 1955–56, the Church of Scotland
17568228
Rent control in Scotland


and for different purposes ever since the Prices and Incomes Act 1969; and Scotland is now alone in continuing to provide a measure of protection to sitting regulated tenants and housing association secure tenants against too steep an increase in rent following registration or re-registration of a fair rent. The phasing rules outlined below apply to both regulated and housing association secure tenants. The actual phasing rules both north and south of the border were similar until 1972 when the first significant divergence occurred. For the phasing of rent increases by virtue of the
10775514
Scottish units


western Scotland, including Galloway: Dry volume measures were slightly different for various types of grain, but often bore the same name. Weight equivalents of one boll are given in a trade dictionary of 1863 as follows: Flour 140 pounds; Peas or beans 280 pounds; Oats 264 pounds; Barley 320 pounds; Oatmeal 140 pounds. Nipperkin was also used, but perhaps not part of this more formal set. Standard Measures of Scotland before 1707: Weight was measured according to "troy measure" (Lanark) and "tron
15207346
Sterling submachine gun


The Sterling submachine gun is a British submachine gun. It was tested with the British Army in 1944–1945 as a replacement for the Sten but it did not start to replace it until 1953. It remained in use until 1994, when it was phased out as the L85A1 assault rifle was phased in. In 1944, the British General Staff issued a specification for a new submachine gun. It stated that the weapon should weigh no more than six pounds (2.7 kg), should fire 9×19mm Parabellum ammunition, have a rate
17573311
Clydesdale Bank £10 note


notes, and therefore several different versions of the Clydesdale ten pound note may be encountered. The "Famous Scots" issue of the £10 note featuring missionary Mary Slessor was introduced in 1997. On the reverse of this note are a series of images connected to Slessor's work, including a map of the area in which she worked and a vignette showing her work with children. In 2006 a version of the Slessor note marking the bank's sponsorship of Scotland's Commonwealth Games team was produced. This note has an alternate
22040889
Cypriot pound


, the government issued emergency notes in denominations of 10 shillings, and 1 and 5 pounds. Regular type notes were issued from 1917 and on. Notes for 5 and 10 shillings, and 1 and 10 pounds were introduced that year, followed by 1 and 2 shillings in 1920 and 5 pounds in 1926. Denominations below 10 shillings were not issued after 1920 but were reintroduced in 1939, with 3 piastres issued between 1943 and 1944. The 1 and 2-shilling notes were replaced by new coins in 1947. In 1955, the
1396428
Coins of the pound sterling


1984 (although the Scottish banks continued producing them for some time afterwards; the last of them, the Royal Bank of Scotland £1 note, is still in production ). The designs on the one pound coin changed annually in a largely five-year cycle, until the introduction of the new 12-sided pound coin in 2017. The decimal half penny coin was demonetised in 1984 as its value was by then too small to be useful. The pre-decimal sixpence, shilling and two shilling coins, which had continued to
18051543
Banknotes of the pound sterling


the "World Heritage" Series of paper banknotes, introduced in autumn 2009. The new notes each depict a different notable Scot on the front and on the reverse bear an illustration of one of Scotland's UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Banknotes of the earlier "Famous Scots" Series portray notable Scottish historical people along with items and locations associated with them. The Clydesdale Bank also occasionally issues special edition banknotes, such as a £10 note celebrating the bank's sponsorship of the Scotland team at the 2006 Commonwealth Games In Northern Ireland
219401
New Hampshire pound


The pound was the currency of New Hampshire until 1793. Initially, the British pound circulated, supplemented from 1709 by local paper money. These notes were denominated in pounds, shillings and pence but were worth less than sterling, with 1 New Hampshire shilling = 9 pence sterling. This first issue of paper money was known as the "Old Tenor" issue. In 1742, following depreciation of the Old Tenor notes, "New Tenor" notes were issued worth 4 times the Old tenor notes. These were replaced, in
16707505
Western Samoan pound


circulating coinage was originally United Kingdom coinage and from 1934 it became predominantly the new New Zealand coinage. When New Zealand decimalized its currency in 1967, the Western Samoan pound was replaced by the tala, at a rate of 1 pound = 2 tala. For a more general view of history in the wider region, see history of pound sterling in Oceania. In 1915, the first, provisional notes (dated 1914 but issued 1915) were issued by the New Zealand Occupying Military force. These were overprinted one pound and five
3358884
Bank of England £5 note


May 2017. Five pound notes (£5) were introduced by the Bank of England in 1793, following the ten pound note, which had been introduced in 1759 as a consequence of gold shortages caused by the Seven Years' War. The 5 pound note was introduced again, due to gold shortages caused by the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars and was the lowest denomination of note issued until 1797. The earliest notes were handwritten and were issued to individuals as needed. These notes were written on one side only
13819950
Rhode Island pound


The pound was the currency of Rhode Island until 1793. Initially, the British pound and foreign coins circulated, supplemented by local paper money from 1710. These notes were denominated in pounds, shillings, and pence, but they were worth less than sterling, with 1 Rhode Island shilling = 9 pence sterling. The first issue of notes was known as the "Old Tenor" issue. This fell in value and "New Tenor" notes were introduced in 1740, worth four times the Old Tenor notes. Both Old and
16859344
Larry and the Blue Notes


local deejay Mark Stevens as an identifier for the "Phantom." Other singles by the group were released as the Bad and later as Soul Purpose when soul music became popular. In 1966 the band released a single, once again as Larry and the Blue Notes, the pounding "In and Out" b/w "There's No Other Like My Baby" on Charay. The label would re-release the song again as a single several times over the next year with alternating flipsides. The band would break up
6183084