how many different species of fish are there
Chatham Rise


how many can be caught before the breeding population is affected to the point of harming the species fishery. There is a current trend towards ecosystem based fisheries. Removing any fish affects other marine life up and down the food chain, such as marine life that eat the fish, and the marine life eating the marine life that eat the fish. Scientists from NIWA are examining over 40,000 fish stomachs to see what different species are eating across the Chatham Rise. These studies, combined with other studies on marine mammals and sea birds
11115646
Lake Malawi National Park


") and other fish living there, which have adapted to different habitats and adopted different lifestyles as part of an evolutionary radiation of a similar sort to the adaptation of finches that Charles Darwin observed on the Galápagos Islands. Various estimates have been made as to how many species of cichlid there are in Lake Malawi, with 700 being an acceptable estimate. Nearly all of these species are endemic, and some have minute ranges: a bay, a rocky islet or a few hundred metres of shoreline. Many are not even known
2722019
Lepidophagy


prey. br There are differences and similarities in lepidophagous behaviours among different species and within similar species. For example, The siluroid catfish attacking behaviour is similar to the "Probolodus heterostomus" since they both attack their prey from behind and they also follow their prey. This is dissimilar to "Roeboides prognatus" and "Exodon paradoxus" who remove scales more easily by attacking a specific area called the caudal area. Moreover, there has been many studies done on the hunting behaviours of scale-eating fish and how those behaviours have
2909978
Freshwater fish


the surroundings, and vice versa. Many species solve this problem by associating different habitats with different stages of life. Both eels, anadromous salmoniform fish and the sea lamprey have different tolerances in salinity in different stages of their lives. Among fishers in the United States, freshwater fish species are usually classified by the water temperature in which they survive. The water temperature affects the amount of oxygen available as cold water contains more oxygen than warm water. Coldwater fish species survive in the coldest temperatures, preferring a water temperature of .
1024200
Fish ladder


This style is particularly favoured to aid flood defence. Fish ladders have a mixed record of effectiveness. They vary in effectiveness for different types of species, with one study showing that only three percent of American Shad make it through all the fish ladders on the way to their spawning ground. Effectiveness depends on the fish species' swimming ability, and how the fish moves up and downstream. A fish passage that is designed to allow fish to pass upstream may not allow passage downstream, for instance. Fish passages do not always
20969379
New Zealand smooth skate


" is largely made up of shrimp, prawns, and fish coming from 17 different families. The most common of these species were found to be hoki, a deepwater cod species, and many different species of discarded fish from the commercial fishing industry. Little information is known on the predation, parasites, and diseases affecting "D. innominatus." Marine mammals, especially seals, are known to feed on other species of skate, so the assumption that New Zealand marine mammals would do the same is not unrealistic. Skates are
10764409
Vacant niche


niches in simple habitats. For example, Lawton and collaborators compared the insect fauna of the bracken "Pteridium aquilinum", a widely distributed species, in different habitats and geographical regions and found vastly differing numbers of insect species. They concluded that many niches remain vacant (e.g., Lawton 1984). Rohde and collaborators have shown that the number of ectoparasitic species on the gills of different species of marine fishes varies from 0 to about 30, even when fish of similar size and from similar habitats are compared. Assuming that the
14482564
Mahseer


mahashila”, a “large river fish(es) of the scaly type.” He then goes on to describe the best methods of Angling for the various fish species to be encountered in his kingdom, including how to prepare baits for each. There is a further description of how to prepare the fish for cooking and eating. Many of the most detailed descriptions of mahseer begin to appear during the British colonisation of India, in particular, during the British Raj of 1857 to 1947. Many of those stationed in India enjoyed angling
5579692
Fishing in Uganda


, but rarely on other water bodies. The target fish species for the gill net fishery are Nile Perch, Tilapia species, Bagrus, Clarias, Protopterus, Alestes, Hydrocynus and many other demersal species. Fish nets have different sizes. The small sized nets are used for fishing small fish while the big sized nets are used for fishing large fish. For instance half inch up to one inch grade nets are used for fishing Nkejje, one inch up to 6 inch grade for fishing tilapia, and above 6 inch for Nile
14276621
Sandhills (Nebraska)


, meadowlarks, wild turkeys, badgers, skunks, native bat species, and many fish species. The Sandhills' thousands of ponds and lakes replenish the Ogallala Aquifer, which feeds creeks and rivers such as the Niobrara and Loup rivers. These bodies of water are homes for many species of fish. The lakes are mainly sandy-bottomed and provide water for the region's cattle, as well as a habitat for aquatic species. Some lakes in the area are alkaline and support several species of phyllopod shrimp. 720 different species
5155154
Seahorse


form pair bonds that last through at least the breeding season. Some species show a higher level of mate fidelity than others. However, many species readily switch mates when the opportunity arises. "H. abdominalis" and "H. breviceps" have been shown to breed in groups, showing no continuous mate preference. Many more species' mating habits have not been studied, so it is unknown how many species are actually monogamous, or how long those bonds actually last. Although monogamy within fish is not common, it does appear
11486962
Fishing gear and methods used in Uganda


species for the gill net fishery are Nile Perch, Tilapia species, Bagrus, Clarias, Protopterus, Alestes, Hydrocynus and many other demersal species. Fish nets have different sizes. The small sized nets are used for fishing small fish while the big sized nets are used for fishing large fish. For instance half inch up to one inch grade nets are used for fishing Nkejje, one inch up to 6 inch grade for fishing tilapia, and above 6 inch for Nile perch. The fishermen use boats to haul the nest.
6791045
Lake Matano


the Malili Lake system. Lake Matano is home to many species of endemic fish and other animals (e.g. "Caridina" shrimps, Parathelphusid crabs and "Tylomelania" snails) as well as many plants. The endemic fishes of Matano have been compared to the species swarms of the Rift Valley Lakes of Africa. While not as diverse, they are thought to have all arisen from a single ancestor species and diversified into numerous different species, which now fill many of the previously vacant ecological niches, as can be seen in the
3312731
Labeotropheus


Labeotropheus is a genus of fish in the family Cichlidae endemic to Lake Malawi in eastern Africa. It includes at least 4 species, each with a number of subspecies or races. Further taxonomic work is required to determine how many species exist. These cichlids are popular ornamental fish and are ideally suited to the cichlid aquarium. Like many Malawi cichlids, these species are algal grazers. Like all cichlids from Lake Malawi these cichlids are best maintained in hard, alkaline water. This genus are best kept in aquariums with volumes greater than
3102793
Anita Conti


For two years, from one vessel to another, she observed the French fishermen along the coast and Saharan Africa discovering fish species unknown in France. She published many scientific reports on the negative effects of industrial fishing and the different problems related to fishing practices. From 1943 and approximately for 10 years, she studied in the Mauritian islands, Senegal, Guinea and Ivory Coast, the nature of the seabed, different fish species and their nutritional values in regards of protein deficiency for the local populations. Gradually, she developed better preservation
12077881
Lepidophagy


evolved structural changes to their teeth and mouth, which makes them better able to feed on the scales of other fish. Other species of fish have morphology that is better adapted to scale-eating behaviour. Many of their oral structures closely resemble each other even throughout different environments but many also have specialized modifications in their jaw structure. One specific species of fish, called "Roeboides prognathous", has an extremely specialized jaw structure for supporting their lepidophagous behaviour. Certain species of lepidophagous catfish, "Pachypterus khavalchor", have digestive
2909975
Sierra Leone


. The country has 2,090 known species of higher plants, 147 mammals, 626 birds, 67 reptiles, 35 amphibians, and 99 fish species. The Environmental Justice Foundation has documented how the number of illegal fishing vessels in Sierra Leone's waters has multiplied in recent years. The amount of illegal fishing has significantly depleted fish stocks, depriving local fishing communities of an important resource for survival. The situation is particularly serious as fishing provides the only source of income for many communities in a country still recovering from over a decade of
7544924
The Derelict Crab Trap Program


" where these traps continue to capture not only crabs, but many other kinds of species. Ghost fishing usually occurs in 3 steps. The first step is that the derelict traps grow barnacles. Then, the barnacles attract other fish and they get caught in the trap. Lastly, these fish become the bait for more crabs or other fish. This process turns into a cycle and is responsible for the death of many different kinds of species. There has been some difficulty when it comes to removing these abandoned traps because it
10130113
Lake Bonaparte (New York)


Lake Bonaparte is located in Lewis County, New York. The lake has many different species of fish, and is stocked regularly by the NYSDEC. The lake is good for both ice fishing and summer fishing. The most commonly targeted are northern pike, largemouth bass or panfish. There are many fish species in the lake such as lake trout, smallmouth bass, northern pike, brown trout, yellow perch, landlocked salmon, walleye, rainbow trout, rock bass, black crappie, and cisco. Northern pike up to 25
3918621
Niche apportionment models


, found that fish communities from different habitats and with different species compositions conform to different niche apportionment models, thus the entire species assemblage was a combination of models in different regions of the species range. Mechanistic models of niche apportionment are intended to describe communities. Researchers have used these models in many ways to investigate the temporal and geographic trends in species abundance. For many years the fit of niche apportionment models was conducted by eye and graphs of the models were compared with empirical data. More recently statistical tests of the fit of
10817237
Diversity index


A diversity index (also called phylogenetic indices or phylogenetic metrics) is a quantitative measure that reflects how many different types (such as species) there are in a dataset (a community) and that can simultaneously take into account the phylogenetic relations among the individuals distributed among those types, such as "richness", "divergence" or "evenness". Richness simply quantifies how many different types the dataset of interest contains. For example, species richness (usually noted ) of a dataset is the number of different species in
22018436
Diplostomum pseudospathaceum


Diplostomum pseudospathaceum is a species of trematode in the family Diplostomidae. It is a type of flukes infecting the eyes of some species of fish, altering their movement patterns to suit its needs at different stages of development. The parasite infects snails and birds, sexually reproducing in the latter (its primary host) and asexually in the former (its first intermediate host), as well as many species of fish (its second intermediate host). When infecting a fish, it quickly moves into the fish's eye lenses, as
4641220
Iluka, New South Wales


increases slightly in the holiday season with many Gold Coasters in the summer and Victorians in the winter. Iluka also has a world heritage listed littoral rainforest. It is one of the last remaining littoral rainforests in the Southern Hemisphere. It contains many different plant species ranging from coastal dune species to tropical rainforest species. The Iluka rainforest has a vast range of native animal species ranging from wallabies and kangaroos to wombats and echidnas. Iluka is famous for the extremely rare coastal emu. Iluka is a fishing community with many commercial fishing industries
14469703
Illex argentinus


as they aggregate on the sea floor. They feed on other species of squid, pelagic crustaceans and crabs, shrimp, and other small fish. Throughout the lifetime of an argentine shortfin squid, many different prey of different sizes are eaten. On the other hand, predators of the argentine shortfin squid include marine mammals, fishes, and birds. Predators and prey depend on the geographic location of the species of the argentine shortfin squid, as they are a migratory species. The wide variety of prey and predators reflects this.
3313259
Islas Marietas National Park


inclusion of National Park in RAMSAR sites its designation as a UNESCO MAB Biosphere Reserve. Many species of seabirds use the location as feeding and breeding grounds, these include blue-footed boobies as well as the red-billed tropicbirds. It also has many different varieties of coral, which, in turn, is home to a large variety of reef fish species. The island ecosystem is also home to dolphins, Manta Rays and a number of tropical fish. Eels and many species of sea turtles are also found in the reefs
7014882
Lord Howe Island Marine Park


The Lord Howe Island Group supports a diverse inshore fish fauna with greater than 400 species recorded. 10% of the marine inshore fish species are known to be endemic, meaning they are only found at Lord Howe Island, while 8% of the 110 species of echinoderms are also endemic. A wide variety of seabirds roost and nest on the island but feed on schools of fish and squid. This diversity reflects the mixing of tropical species with temperate species and the range of marine environments present. It is becoming widely known that
17326391
Lepidophagy


enzymes which help them more readily break down the fins, eyes, scales of other fish. There are other morphological structures that are important in scale eating habit. There are six lepidophagous cichlid species who employ aggressive mimicry strategies on their prey. The colors of the cichlid fish immensely resemble their prey but these cichlid species do not only eat the scales of the fish it resembles, but they prey on a wide range of species. There are many different behaviours associated within lepidophagous fish. Aggression and attack behaviours like chasing and striking
2909976
Antarctic fishes


spotting. Some species are tan or green or even red. Channichthyids are the largest of these fish at a maximum of 75 centimeters, with "Harpagifer" the smallest at 10 centimeters. Notothenioid fish dominate the Southern Ocean diversity and biomass largely because of the pelagization by some species. Most fish are benthic and consequently, spend their lives on the seafloor. Notothenioids are found in many different niches like semipelagic, cryopelagic, pelagic, and benthic zones. Species have been able to colonize the water column despite not having swim bladders
8300564
Peacock bass


peacock bass in Panama has caused significant damage to the native fish assemblage, by eliminating seven of eleven previously common fish species, and significantly reducing three others. Local extinctions and a decrease in abundance of many species led to cascading second-order effects on zooplankton and tertiary consumer communities. Malaria incidence was reported to have risen significantly in the area around Gatun following the elimination of prey fishes that had previously kept the mosquito population at lower levels. This is an example of how species introductions can have explicit consequences for human health.
12072549
Tetra


for home aquaria. "Tetra" is no longer a taxonomic, phylogenetic term. It is short for "Tetragonopterus", a genus name formerly applied to many of these fish, which is Greek for "square-finned" (literally, four-sided-wing). Because of the popularity of tetras in the fishkeeping hobby, many unrelated fish are commonly known as tetras, including species from different families. Even vastly different fish may be called tetras. For example, payara ("Hydrolycus scomberoides") is
6570222
Fish migration


are large pelagic fish that move in and out of the exclusive economic zones of different nations, and these are covered differently in the treaty from other fish. Salmon and striped bass are well-known anadromous fish, and freshwater eels are catadromous fish that make large migrations. The bull shark is a euryhaline species that moves at will from fresh to salt water, and many marine fish make a diel vertical migration, rising to the surface to feed at night and sinking to lower layers of the ocean by day. Some fish
14518100
Unseen species problem


unseen species that will be discovered by the additional samples is given byformula_4with formula_5 being the second set of formula_6 samples. In the early 1940s Alexander Steven Corbet spent 2 years in British Malaya trapping butterflies. He kept track of how many species he observed, and how many members of each species were captured. For example, he captured only 2 members of 74 different species. When he returned to the United Kingdom, he approached statistician Ronald Fisher, and asked how many new species of butterflies he could expect to catch if he
17286130
Ethnoichthyology


Ethnoichthyology is an area in anthropology that examines human knowledge of fish, the uses of fish, and importance of fish in different human societies. It draws on knowledge from many different areas including ichthyology, economics, oceanography, and marine botany. This area of study seeks to understand the details of the interactions of humans with fish, including both cognitive and behavioural aspects. A knowledge of fish and their life strategies is extremely important to fishermen. In order to conserve fish species, it is also important to be aware of other
21485950
Robinson Crusoe economy


. In other words, no economic agent can be made better off without making another economic agent worse off. Let's assume that there is another commodity that Crusoe can produce apart from coconuts, for example, fish. Now, Robinson has to decide how much time to spare for both activities, i.e. how many coconuts to gather and how many fish to hunt. The locus of the various combinations of fish and coconuts that he can produce from devoting different amounts of time to each activity is known as the production possibilities set
6527700
Amazon basin


and frequent rainstorms gives tropical frogs infinitely more freedom to move into the trees and escape the many predators of rainforest waters. The differences between temperate and tropical frogs extend beyond their habitat. About 2,500 fish species are known from the Amazon basin and it is estimated that more than 1,000 additional undescribed species exist. This is more than any other river basin on Earth, and Amazonia is the center of diversity for Neotropical fishes. About 45% (more than 1,000 species) of the known Amazonian fish species are endemic to the basin
7782690
Blackchin shiner


clue that this species is primitive in comparison to other teleosts, many of whom have ctenoid scales. For species of fish with either version of leptoid scales, the age of the fish can be determined by examining the pattern of ridges on a scale, similar to how tree trunk rings display the age of a tree. A straight lateral line is positioned roughly near the center of their sides. These fish also have eight anal fin rays on the tail fin, which is a forked version of a homocercal tail. The dorsal
1687840
Pseudochrominae


crustaceans, small bivalves and gastropods, polychaetes and some small fish. There appear to be little variety in the types of prey taken by different species other than larger species prey on larger prey items. Many species are hermaphroditic, some may be simultaneously hermarphroditic while other species are protogynous hermaphrodites or protandrous hermaphrodites and they adopt the colouring and pattern of the different sex as they transform. Many species produce a "fluffy", round egg mass which the male often guards in a small cave or burrow, the mass is formed by
10822492
Pseudorhabdosynochus


-species of the genus (a name) are considered to correspond to the same biological taxon but have different, although valid, names. Recent re-examination of type-specimens have confirmed this interpretation. Species of "Pseudorhabdosynochus" are parasitic exclusively on the gill filaments of marine fish. Most of these fish belong to the family Serranidae and are commonly known as groupers, such as many species of the genus "Epinephelus", and also species of "Cephalopholis", "Mycteroperca" and "Variola". A
20006577
Portugal


rich in nutrients and diverse species of marine fish; the Portuguese marine waters are one of the richest in the world. Marine fish species are more common, and include thousands of species, such as the sardine ("Sardina pilchardus"), tuna and Atlantic mackerel. Bioluminescent species are also well represented (including species in different colour spectrum and forms), like the glowing plankton that are possible to observe on some beaches. There are many endemic insect species, most only found in certain parts of Portugal, while other
3274731
Migration of marine species in the Northern Atlantic Ocean


earth. Aerosols such as black carbon also catalyze the warming effect as they are unreflective and absorb energy from the sun supplementing greenhouse gases in the warming effect. These combined factors are warming the Earth's land as well as the oceans. Many fish species possess a certain range of water temperature that they are able to tolerate which is causing species to migrate to different areas where the water temperature is livable. The warming of the Atlantic Ocean is causing many fish species to shift north towards once cooler waters so they can live within
16535802
Dwarf sawfish


, and movements during each tidal cycle may be up to . At high tide the fish tend to forage and rest among the mangroves. Little is known of the breeding habits of the dwarf sawfish. The fish are ovoviviparous with the developing embryos feeding on the yolks of their eggs. It is not known how many young can be carried at one time nor how frequently the fish can breed, but the young are about long when they are born. Maximum longevity in this species is estimated to be forty-eight years.
14256909
Cod


of common names, most of them ending with the word "cod", whereas other species, as closely related, have other common names (such as pollock and haddock). However, many other, unrelated species also have common names ending with cod. The usage often changes with different localities and at different times. Three species in the genus "Gadus" are currently called cod: "Cod" forms part of the common name of many other fish no longer classified in the genus "Gadus". Many are
19170952
Trout


to the esophagus, allowing for gulping or rapid expulsion of air, a condition known as physostome. Unlike many other physostome fish, trout do not use their bladder as an auxiliary device for oxygen uptake, relying solely on their gills. There are many species, and even more populations, that are isolated from each other and morphologically different. However, since many of these distinct populations show no significant genetic differences, what may appear to be a large number of species is considered a much smaller number of distinct species by most
3294778
Commercial fishing


and lines (e.g. long line and handline), lift nets, gillnets, entangling nets, Pole and Line, and traps Commercial fishing gear is specifically designed and updated to avoid catching certain species of animal that is unwanted or endangered. Billions of dollars are spent each year in researching/developing new techniques to reduce the injury and even death of unwanted marine animals caught by the fishermen. In fact, there was a study taken in 2000 on different deterrents and how effective they are at deterring the target species. The study
18019093
Groundbait


Groundbait is fishing bait that is either cast or 'balled' into the water in order to attract fish to the fishing area. It is often used in coarse fishing. Ground-bait can be made by the angler or pre-bought by ground-bait manufactures. There are many different types of ground-bait that can be used to target specific species of fish. Ground-bait can differ by the sizes of the crumbs, type of seed, colour and smell. The angler can also mix additives to the
16291892
Danionin


It is unknown how the peat and tannins interact with the fish. Generally, this also results in them being subtropical with temperatures of often being fine; they are good jumpers, so a tight-fitting lid is recommended. Since 2004, many new danionins have been discovered which do not yet have scientific names and many other species, previously known only to the scientific fraternity, have become available in aquarist shops. This has predictably led to total confusion as to the naming of some fish, with some species having up to
7513339
Fly fishing


growing population of anglers attempt to catch as many different species as possible with the fly. With the advancement of technology and development of stronger rods and reels, larger predatory saltwater species such as wahoo, tuna, marlin and sharks have become target species on fly. Realistically any fish can be targeted and captured on fly as long as the main food source is effectively replicated by the fly itself and suitable gear is used. Many credit the first recorded use of an artificial fly to the Roman Claudius Aelianus near the end of the
4057151
Fish


multiple individuals from a single species. "Fishes" is used to describe different species or species groups. Thus a pond that contained a single species might be said to contain 120 fish. But if the pond contained a total of 120 fish from three different species, it would be said to contain three fishes. The distinction is similar to that between people and peoples. A random assemblage of fish merely using some localised resource such as food or nesting sites is known simply as an "aggregation". When fish come together
2942481
Merced River


, the largest flow ever recorded was in the 1997 Yosemite floods, which destroyed many campgrounds, roads, paths, and bridges in the valley. According to a study in 2006, there were 37 fish species, 127 bird species, and 140 insect and invertebrate species found in the Merced River watershed. Due to differences in climate, there is a large disparity between species found in the upper watershed (above Lake McClure) and along the lower river. There are 26 species of native and introduced fish in the lower Central
12430231
Bait ball


is first compacted into a bait ball. It is difficult for predators working individually to scare a fish school into a bait ball, and they usually work together. Fish that school in large numbers can draw the attentions of many different predator species. The attraction of huge numbers of prey fish means that these predator species, which might otherwise be mutually antagonistic, usually cooperate with each other in pursuit of their common goal. Bryde's whales often track dolphin groups as they herd prey species. As soon as the dolphins corral the
275039
Bukbhara Baor


of freshwater fishes. Fishing including recreational fishing is done by visitors. Other recreational activities include boating, canoeing, swimming in summer and migratory bird watching in winter. The lake is home to many different varieties of (Ruhi, Catla, Grass Carp, Labeo boga, and Tilapia) including sport fish (Sperata aor and many more). About 38 species of freshwater fish are found in the water of this lake. A total number of 352 fishermen earn their livelihoods by doing fishing in this lake. They work as a
10678100
Abyssal zone


blend in with the darkness and not waste energy on developing and maintaining bright or complex designs. The abyssal zone is surprisingly made up of many different types of organisms, including microorganisms, crustaceans, molluscan (mollusks and squids), different classes of fishes, and a number of others that might not have even been discovered yet. Most of the fish species in this zone are characterized as demersal or benthopelagic fishes. Demersal fishes are a term that refers to fishes whose habitat is very close to or on the seafloor, typically
8296857
North Sea


many species of fish. Over 230 species of fish live in the North Sea. Cod, haddock, whiting, saithe, plaice, sole, mackerel, herring, pouting, sprat, and sandeel are all very common and are fished commercially. Due to the various depths of the North Sea trenches and differences in salinity, temperature, and water movement, some fish such as blue-mouth redfish and rabbitfish reside only in small areas of the North Sea. Crustaceans are also commonly found throughout the sea. Norway lobster,
1378627
Fish kill


the first visible signs of environmental stress and are usually investigated as a matter of urgency by environmental agencies to determine the cause of the kill. Many fish species have a relatively low tolerance of variations in environmental conditions and their death is often a potent indicator of problems in their environment that may be affecting other animals and plants and may have a direct impact on other uses of the water such as for drinking water production. Pollution events may affect fish species and fish age classes in different ways. If it is a cold-
4622953
Unseen species problem


The unseen species problem is commonly referred to in ecology and deals with the estimation of the number of species represented in an ecosystem that were not observed by samples. It more specifically relates to how many new species would be discovered if more samples were taken in an ecosystem. The study of the unseen species problem was started in the early 1940s by Alexander Steven Corbet. He spent 2 years in British Malaya trapping butterflies and was curious how many new species he would discover if he spent another 2 years trapping. Many different estimation
17286128
Galaxiidae


The Galaxiidae are a family of mostly small freshwater fish in the Southern Hemisphere. The majority live in Southern Australia or New Zealand, but some are found in South Africa, southern South America, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, and the Falkland Islands. One galaxiid species, the common galaxias ("Galaxias maculatus"), is probably the most widely naturally distributed freshwater fish in the Southern Hemisphere. They are coolwater species, found in temperate latitudes, with only one species known from subtropical habitats. Many specialise in living
1203842
Opsithrissops


" appeared in the fossil record following the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event and the decline of another possibly related species of osteoglossiform Thrissops. Due to the extinction of Mosasaurids, large Pachycormids and other Cretaceous marine megafauna which applied predatory pressure upon many small fish species, the "Opsithrissops" was one of the many species that thrived and spread to different aquatic environments. "Opsithrissops" feeding habits were similar to other freshwater bony fish of the Paleocene. Newborn fry fed upon Phytoplankton and hid near the bottom substrate amongst plant matter and debris
16829136
Clouser Deep Minnow


. The name Clouser Deep Minnow was coined by Lefty Kreh, a noted Fly Fishing writer in a 1989 article in Fly Fisherman. Today, the Clouser Deep Minnow is widely used for many species of both fresh and saltwater game fish. Lefty Kreh claims to have caught over 87 species of game fish on Clouser Deep Minnow flies. The Clouser Deep Minnow is an imitation of a baitfish, although there are many variations intended to imitate very specific baitfish in different fresh and saltwater situations. The original Clouser Deep Minnow pattern was tied
17971801
Three Gorges Dam


the Three Gorges Dam has dropped from twenty percent in 1950 to less than ten percent as of 2002, negatively affecting all plant species in this locality. The region also provides habitats to hundreds of freshwater and terrestrial animal species. Freshwater fish are especially affected by dams due to changes in the water temperature and flow regime. Many other fish are hurt in the turbine blades of the hydroelectric plants as well. This is particularly detrimental to the ecosystem of the region because the Yangtze River basin is home to 361 different fish species and
17409771
Project Piaba


project, its slogan is "Buy a Fish, Save a Tree!" Many ornamental freshwater aquarium fish, including the cardinal tetra and the discus ("Symphysodon" ssp.), are sourced from the Amazon River basin area. The Rio Negro region is the home of more than 100 different species of fish that are important to the pet fish trade. In fact several species, including cardinal tetras, show the adaptive trait of iridescence which may provide lower visibility in a blackwater environment. Project "Piaba" started with
12777943
Fish reproduction


spawned. This process can also occur, but less frequently, in oocytes in other development stages. Some fish are hermaphrodites, having both testes and ovaries either at different phases in their life cycle or, as in hamlets, have them simultaneously. In fish, fertilisation of eggs can be either external or internal. In many species of fish, fins have been modified to allow Internal fertilisation. Similarly, development of the embryo can be external or internal, although some species show a change between the two at various stages of
3400743
Mangrove


the millions of inhabitants in and around Kolkata against the result of cyclone activity. Sundarbans is home to many different species of birds, mammals, insects, reptiles and fish. It is estimated that there may be found more than 120 species of fish and over 260 species of birds and more than fifty species of reptiles and eight amphibians. The Bhitarkanika mangroves form India's second largest forest, located in the state of Odisha. Bhitarkanika is created by the two river deltas of Brahmani and Baitarani river and one of the important Ramsar
21707209
Lepidophagy


evolved over time. Certain species of cichlid aggressively mimic the behaviours of their prey. This is a behaviour that is rarely seen in other scale eating fish. The differences in the niche of certain species may play a role in their behaviours. Lepidophagous behaviours only exist in some species. Adaptive radiation has been mentioned in many articles as having a role in the evolution of lepidophagy. There is some evidence to support this but much is also unclear. Some behaviours in certain species of fish support the theory that extreme environments could be
2909979
Freshwater fish


Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 0.05%. These environments differ from marine conditions in many ways, the most obvious being the difference in levels of salinity. To survive fresh water, the fish need a range of physiological adaptations. 41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and
1024197
Psychedelic frogfish


different from any other known fish. The nearest genus, "Histiophryne", had so many differences it was debated whether the fish deserved its own genus. In fact, it was even considered that the new fish did not belong in the Antennariidae family. However, DNA tests, which are today's standard for making the final call on whether a species is new, proved that the fish belonged in the genus "Histiophryne". Ichthyologists Pietsch, Arnold, and Hall collected a holotype from the Laha I dive site at
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Eastern mosquitofish


benefit over small Australian native fish. Further, they cause harm to native species which have an aquatic larval stage. They are aggressive, fin-nipping harassers of other fish, and pose a serious threat to native Australian fish and aquatic fauna. Negative impacts on rainbowfish species and at least one frog species have been documented. Several rainbowfish populations appear to have become extinct due to the impacts of introduced "Gambusia". Compounding the issue, Eastern mosquitofish have the ability to thrive in many different environmental conditions which are usually lethal
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Tropical fish


bred in captivity with any regularity. The price of marine fish coupled with the difficulty in keeping them alive in aquaria makes them less of a popular choice for aquarists to keep. However, because of the more vivid colours, patterns and behaviour of marine fish compared to freshwater fish, they are still reasonably popular. The advances in filtration technology and increase in available knowledge on how to maintain marine fish as well as the increasing number of aquarium-bred species is seeing a gradual rise in their popularity. Many marine tropical fish
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Appalachian elktoe


stability in order to survive, so they are not found in any areas where there is shifting gravel or rocks which can threaten the survival of the mussels. Many aspects of the life cycle of the Appalachian Elktoe are still unknown. The species is hard to find, and populations are decreasing. Currently, it is not known what the Appalachian Elktoe feed on, what fish they use as host fish, or how long their life span is. It is however a very sensitive species, and this makes it difficult to study
15374165
List of birds of Korea


species which occur in Korea. Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae Frigate birds are built for flying; they rarely swim and cannot walk but can manage to climb around the trees and bushes in which they nest. They have a very light skeleton and long narrow wings and are masters of the air. Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae These large birds use their elastic pouches to catch fish—though different species use it in different ways. Many pelicans fish by swimming in cooperative groups. They may form a line or a "U
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Pelagic fish


and many epipelagic fish move between coastal and oceanic waters, particularly in different stages in their life cycle. Oceanic epipelagic fish can be true residents, partial residents, or accidental residents. True residents live their entire life in the open ocean. Only a few species are true residents, such as tuna, billfish, flying fish, sauries, pilotfish and remoras, dolphin, ocean sharks and ocean sunfish. Most of these species migrate back and forth across open oceans, rarely venturing over continental shelves. Some true residents associate with
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Banded killifish


banded killifish individual will prefer the bigger conspecific shoal, but only as long as the shoal is homogenous in individual fish size. If the size of individual fish were different, they would join a shoal of similarly sized fish regardless of shoal size. This preference is maintained by predatory threat. Body size is a more significant determinant of shoaling preference than shoal size and species composition. Banded killifish have been found to engage in heterospecific shoaling with other species of killifish as well as other fish. There are many situational factors that determine
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Niche segregation


and the fact that fish replicas are available in almost unlimited numbers, makes them ideal ecological models. Many congeners (species belonging to the same genus) and non-congeners were found on single host species. The maximum number of congeners was nine species. The only limiting factor is space for attachment, since food (blood, mucus, fast regenerating epithelial cells) is in unlimited supply as long as the fish is alive. Various authors, using a variety of statistical methods, have consistently found that species with different copulatory
16571613
Coastal fish


slopes, or areas exposed to strong wave action. In general, the coral is used as shelter, and many species can only survive in its presence. The bottom-dwelling species are territorial, occupying and defending a portion of the reef, often centred around an area of shelter. By keeping away other species of fish, some pomacentrids encourage the growth of thick mats of algae within their territories, leading to the common name farmerfish. Different species display a wide range of colours, although some are relatively drab. Pomacentrids
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Amazon basin


are Characiformes (43% of total fish species in the Amazon) and Siluriformes (39%), but other groups with many species include Cichlidae (6%) and Gymnotiformes (3%). In addition to major differences in behavior and ecology, Amazonian fish vary extensively in form and size. The largest, the arapaima and piraiba can reach or more in length and up to in weight, making them some of the largest strict freshwater fish in the world. The bull shark and common sawfish, which have been
7782692
Downrigger


at the depth the target fish are schooling. Different species of fish school at different depths, and those depths also change at different times of year. A fish finder is useful determining this depth. Using a downrigger may be hazardous. Many manmade reservoirs mask submerged trees and other structure beneath the surface. A downrigger's weight may foul on such objects. When such a snag occurs in conjunction with high winds, it may cause a lighter boat to capsize. It is therefore prudent to carry wire cutters to avoid this potentially
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Acetes


As they develop, they swell to twice their original size or more. The eggs hatch early in the year, and the larvae grow, mature and spawn in the same year. It includes 14 species, which are listed here with their FAO endorsed common names: Many species of "Acetes" are fished for commercially, and the different species are often not discriminated. "Acetes" are the most fished genus of crustacean, with global production in 2008 of . Fishers mostly use push nets and bag nets, as well
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Aquatic invasive species in Canada


: salmon brown trout, whiten fish and yellow fish. The Sea lamprey feeds on the blood of other fish species. After puncturing the body of a different fish species; the Sea Lamprey then leave the fish with an open wound which in turn causes them to bleed till death. Rarely a different fish survive a Lamprey puncture. Another example of the migration of non-native species is "Dreissena Polymorpha", common name Zebra Mussel, originating in Asian waters. They first appeared in North-America in 1988 in Lake
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List of freshwater fish of Sri Lanka


Sri Lanka is a tropical island situated close to the southern tip of India. It is situated in the middle of Indian Ocean. Because of being an island, Sri Lanka has many endemic freshwater fauna, including fish, crabs, molluscs, and other aquatic insects. Class: Actinopterygii Freshwater fish are physiologically differ from marine and brackish water forms. The low salinity and high osmotic pressure makes them so different. Few fish can be found in all three ecological systems. There are 95 species of freshwater fish occur in the country
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Columbia River Treaty


how many fish are killed in the turbines, but old estimates range between 8-12% per dam. If a fish hatches high upstream they will have to swim through multiple dams, leading to possible cumulative losses of over 50-80% of the migrating fry. Efforts to make turbines safer for fish to pass through have significantly reduced fish loses to near pre-dam levels. While hatcheries appear to be quite successful for some species of fish, their efforts to increase fish populations will not be effective until up and
1976081
List of Danionin species by common name


Since 2004 many new Danionins have been discovered which do not yet have scientific names and many other species, previously known only to the scientific fraternity, have become available in Aquarist Shops. This has predictably led to total confusion as to the naming of some fish, with some species having up to five different common names in use and some common names being used for up to four different species. All common names currently in use for Danionins are listed below in Alphabetical Order. Click on the common name for the correct identity and
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Mimicry


the same species. For example, in a species where males mimic females or vice versa, this may be an instance of sexual mimicry in evolutionary game theory. Examples are found in some species of birds, fishes, and lizards. Quite elaborate strategies along these lines are known, such as the well-known "scissors, paper, rock" mimicry in "Uta stansburiana", but there are qualitatively different examples in many other species, such as some "Platysaurus". Many species of insects are toxic or distasteful
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Lake whitefish


the fish as they feast on mayflies and midges. In winter months, catching whitefish through the ice is very popular, particularly in northern Wisconsin, with many fishing guides specializing in this species. Successful icefishing techniques include using a jigging spoon, with at least one "slider hook" above and separated from the spoon with a barrel swivel, and all hooks tipped with wax worms. Commercial fishing has allowed for the spread of this fish into many different markets, restaurants, and grocery store shelves. A major threat to the
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Enfeh


be extracted without endangering the environment. Around 415 inhabitants practice fishing on a regular basis. The 80 full-time fishermen own their boats and maintain them. Fishing is the livelihood and main source of income for many families in Enfeh. Fishing boats have sought shelter in the natural harbor of Nhayreh in bad weather conditions. The large terraces on Enfeh's rocky coast shelter underwater species feeding on the seaweed and attract large numbers of fish. That place also attracts many anglers willing to fill their baskets with different types of fish.
17845517
Semotilus atromaculatus


Greek word "sema" (also known as dorsal fin), and "atromaculatus" comes from the Latin word "black spots". A fish which can withstand many different environments, the creek chub's current range is the eastern two-thirds of the US and southeastern Canada. It can quickly adapt to different extreme environments, and can live on many different foods. Documented to span throughout the Great Lakes surrounding Wisconsin, and into Minnesota, this species has been described as plentiful. However, reports of this species
5409002
Platte Lake (Michigan)


over the massive dunes that overlook Lake Michigan and that make up Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. Seagulls are extremely prevalent in the area, as well as various species of ducks and loons. Hawks and wild turkeys are often seen around the lake. Occasionally spotted is the bald eagle. In the water there are many types of fish as well as water turtles. Around the lake, white-tailed deer, bears, and red-tailed foxes can be found. Platte Lake has many different species of fish. The types
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Island trevally


-attracting devices, which are installed to aggregate fish for anglers. The island trevally moves both as a solitary individual or in small schools through its habitat, with the species often accounting for large proportions of an areas immediate biomass when moving in schools. The species' diet consists of small fish species and crustaceans, with studies on their exact diet composition finding these fish take different species and different ratios of prey throughout their range. A study conducted in New Caledonia found the species consumed 98% fish, with only 1%
1491408
Teleost


, prey fish respond defensively, resulting in collective shoal behaviours such as synchronised movements. Responses do not consist only of attempting to hide or flee; antipredator tactics include for example scattering and reassembling. Fish also aggregate in shoals to spawn. Teleosts are economically important in different ways. They are captured for food around the world. A small number of species such as herring, cod, pollock, anchovy, tuna and mackerel provide people with millions of tons of food per year, while many other species are fished in smaller amounts
16851169
Devil fish


as bycatch from longlines, purse seines, trawls, trammel nets, and tuna traps. There are many threats against the giant devil ray such as fishing, resource harvesting (being taken as bycatch in different fisheries), industrial garbage, and solid waste. The main threats to this species come from pollution in the Mediterranean and bycatch capture in various fishing equipment including trawls, tuna traps, and dragnets meant for swordfish. All species of the genus "Mobula" have been targeted by recreational and commercial fisheries for centuries. Fisheries
17549546
Alepes


Alepes is a genus containing five extant species of tropical marine fishes in the jack family, Carangidae. They are commonly known as scads, a term applied to many genera of carangid fishes. Their body form, however, differs from these other scads by being much more ovate in shape, more similar to the larger jacks taken as game fish, although scads are generally much smaller. They are found in coastal waters throughout the Indo-West Pacific region. "Alepes" is a genus containing five extant and one extinct species
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Arctocephalus forsteri


. Individuals located near their southern range limit have been known to eat penguins as part of their diet. Stomach contents have been analysed and shown to include anchovy, barracuda, flounder, hagfish, lamprey, red cod, school shark, and many other species. Further analysis of otoliths from their scat show that for fish prey species, lantern fish composed the majority of their fish diet, followed by anchovies, pink cod, and hoki. There are different factors that affect their diet, such as season, sex, breeding
703089
Nepisiguit River


set up along the river including Governors Lodge, Rogers Lake Lodge and many others. These lodges play host to the many individuals taking part in several different outdoor activities including hunting, fishing and snowmobiling along the river. The Nepisiguit River is known for its fishing. Fishing along the Nepisiguit consists of Atlantic Salmon fishing as well as other fishing types including trout. Hunting is also another activity that takes part along the Nepisiguit because the significant animal population and various species within this region afford it. Some of the animals hunted along the
18810337
Types of fish in Uganda


There are two major sources of fish in Uganda; one is from aquaculture, the other from fishing in rivers and lakes. Different types of fish flourish in different water sources. The waters of Uganda contain an impressive array of fish species—over 90 in all. This count does not include the Haplochromis complex, which itself is made up of more than 200 species. Fish that are the target of most commercial and subsistence exploitation include species of Lates (Nile perch), Oreochromis (Nile tilapia), the herring-
6791033
Zeila Archipelago


known for their splendid coral reefs similar to those found on the southern coast of Oman. These reefs are the most diverse and well formed coral reefs on the coast of the Gulf of Aden and possibly the largest in the region. From provincial counts, ninety-nine different species of coral from forty-three different generas have been found on the islands. There are also a hundred and thirty-two different species of coral fish found around the archipelago. Many of these species include those also found in the Red Sea,
16524800
Limnetic zone


dominant rotifer. Zooplankters are able to move more freely through the limnetic zone than in the littoral zone, both vertically and horizontally. This is because the bottom of a lake is richer in debris and substrates that provide habitat niches. A limnetic zooplankton population will usually consist of two to four species, each in a different genus. In addition to zooplankton, organisms in the limnetic zone include insects and fish. Many species of freshwater fish live in the limnetic zone because of the abundance of food, though these species often transition
15250471
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis


The adult parasite moves slowly by tumbling. The immature forms [theronts] are smaller, translucent, and move quickly. Any treatment method must take into account the species of fish (some will not tolerate certain medications), how many of the fish are affected, and the size and kind of environment. Temperature affects how quickly the parasites multiply, so increasing the temperature can force them through their life cycle more quickly, allowing treatments to target Ichthyophthirius in its theront stage. Also, higher temperatures around 86 °F (
15241275
Slot limit


can only keep a certain amount of fish of that species. Besides a slot limit there are other ways and limits that officials can use to protect a fish population. Before a slot limit can be put into action, four things must be taken into consideration in order to make sure no harm is done to the ecosystem: Growth rate can be defined as how long it takes for a fish to reach a given size. Even though growth rate differs from lake to lake, an average largemouth bass can grow up to 3
9693684
Coral reef fish


has black spots on yellow. This is a form of countershading: from below, the white spots look like the lighted surface of the water above; and from above, the fish blends more with the coral reef below. The brightly painted yellow mouth may deter potential predators. Many reef fish species have evolved different feeding strategies accompanied by specialized mouths, jaws and teeth particularly suited to deal with their primary food sources found in coral reef ecosystems. Some species even shift their dietary habits and distributions as they mature. This is
1711637
Azerbaijani cuisine


of the Republic of Azerbaijan are abundant with different fish species, particularly white sturgeon. Sturgeon fish is widely used in preparation of national dishes. The Caspian Sea is home to many edible species of fish, including the sturgeon, Caspian salmon, kutum, sardines, grey mullet, and others. Black caviar from the Caspian Sea is one of Azerbaijan's best known delicacies well sought after in other parts of the world, including former Soviet countries. One of the most reputed dishes of Azerbaijani cuisine is plov from saffron-covered
21052604
Occithrissops


menagerie of different species that generally preyed upon it, or were specialized ecologically to hunt for fish species that included it. Being a pelagic forage fish made it an accessible, predictable and easy prey for Jurassic marine reptiles. The appearance of the first metriorhynchid crocodilians appeared during the height of the epoch in which Occithrissops were most common, and many partial specimens were found in the stomachs of recovered metriorhynchid fossils. This fish's teeth were small and tailored towards capture rather than inflicting any defensive wounds to any predators larger than itself.
21371040
Androscoggin Lake


River in Leeds. The dam was built in 1940 to keep out water contaminated by waste from the surrounding towns. Many different species of fish inhabit Androscoggin Lake. The most common species are large-mouth bass, small mouth bass, chain pickerel and brown trout. Other fish less commonly found in the lake include yellow and white perch, redbreast sunfish, pumpkinseed sunfish, and the american eel. Fishing is permitted year-round with the proper permit. The cattail sedge is a plant found on Androscoggin Lake. The lake
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