which was the first state to grant full suffrage to women
Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States


, which eventually granted women suffrage, passes the U.S. House with exactly a two-thirds vote but loses by two votes in the Senate. Jeannette Rankin opens debate on it in the House, and President Wilson addresses the Senate in support of it. 1918: President Wilson declares his support for women's suffrage. 1919: Michigan grants women full suffrage. 1919: Oklahoma grants women full suffrage. 1919: South Dakota grants women full suffrage. 1919: The National American Woman Suffrage Association holds its convention in St. Louis,
21017511
Voter turnout in the United States presidential elections


States Constitution granted women the right to vote across the United States. But in the preceding decades, several states had passed laws supporting women's suffrage. Women were granted the right to vote in Wyoming in 1869, before the territory had become a full state in the union. In 1889, when the Wyoming constitution was drafted in preparation for statehood, it included women's suffrage. Thus Wyoming was also the first full state to grant women the right to vote. In 1893, Colorado was the first state to amend an
2978546
Women's suffrage in states of the United States


less-perceivably-antagonistic campaign among male voters. The pro-suffrage side finally secured a women's suffrage amendment, and Kansas became the eighth state to allow for full suffrage for women. The first territorial legislature of the Wyoming Territory granted women suffrage in 1869. On September 6, 1870, Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming became the first woman to cast a vote in a general election. In 1890, Wyoming, with a Republican governor and Democrat legislature, insisted it would not accept statehood without keeping women's
1115929
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution


states were in favor of women's suffrage and not all western states granted full suffrage to women before final ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. However, all of the states that were successful in securing full voting rights for women before 1920 were located in the west. A federal amendment intended to grant women the right to vote was introduced in the U.S. Senate for the first time in 1878 by Aaron A. Sargent, the senator from California. Sargent, who had met and befriended Anthony on a train ride in 1872,
13052045
Universal suffrage


. It did not grant universal full suffrage (the right to both vote and be a candidate, or both active and passive suffrage) until 1919. In 1902, Australia become the first country to grant full suffrage for women, i.e. the first country in the world to give women both the right to vote and to run for office. However, universal suffrage was not implemented, as Aboriginal Australians did not get the right to vote until 1962, because in the early 20th century they were not considered human according to Australian
4703629
Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States


. 1917: Arkansas grants women the right to vote in primary, but not general elections. 1917: Rhode Island grants women presidential suffrage. 1917: The New York state constitution grants women suffrage. New York is the first Eastern state to fully enfranchise women. 1917: The Oklahoma state constitution grants women suffrage. 1917: The South Dakota state constitution grants women suffrage. 1918: The jailed suffragists are released from prison. An appellate court rules all the arrests were illegal. 1918: The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
21017510
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution


but they were unsuccessful until the suffrage movement was revived in the 1890s. Full women's suffrage continued in Wyoming after it became a state in 1890. Colorado granted partial voting rights that allowed women to vote in school board elections in 1893 and Idaho granted women suffrage in 1896. Beginning with Washington in 1910, seven more western states passed women's suffrage legislation, including California in 1911, Oregon, Arizona, and Kansas in 1912, Alaska in 1913, and Montana and Nevada in 1914. Not all women in the western
13052044
Women's suffrage in Canada


, in 1888, to property-owning widows and spinsters. In 1916, suffrage was given to women in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia. Women in Quebec did not receive full suffrage until 1940. Asian women (and men) were not granted suffrage until after World War II in 1948, Inuit women (and men) were not granted suffrage until 1950 and it was not until 1960 that suffrage was extended to First Nations women (and men) without requiring them to give up their treaty status.
9246479
Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States


is a referendum in Michigan on women's suffrage, but women's suffrage loses. 1875: Women in Michigan and Minnesota win the right to vote in school elections. 1878: A federal amendment to grant women the right to vote is introduced for the first time by Senator Aaron A. Sargent of California. Though initially unsuccessful, the amendment would eventually become the 19th Amendment. 1880: New York state grants school suffrage to women. 1882: The U.S. House and Senate both appoint committees on women's suffrage, which both report
21017498
Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States


women. It initiates the practice of holding suffrage parades. 1910: Emma Smith DeVoe organizes a grassroots campaign in Washington State, where women win suffrage. 1910: Harriet Stanton Blatch's Equality League changes its name to the Women's Political Union. 1910: Emulating the grassroots tactics of labor activists, the Women's Political Union organizes America's first large-scale suffrage parade, which is held in New York City. 1910: Washington grants women the right to vote. 1911: California grants women suffrage. 1911: In
21017504
Universal suffrage


states granted restricted women's suffrage in the later half of the nineteenth century, starting with South Australia in 1861. The first unrestricted women's suffrage in a major country was granted in New Zealand in 1893. The women's suffrage bill was adopted mere weeks before the general election of 1893. Māori men had been granted suffrage in 1867, white men in 1879. The "Freedom in the World" index lists New Zealand as the only free country in the world in 1893. South Australia first granted women suffrage and allowed
4703639
Women's suffrage


granted to all women on a similar basis to men (with property and educational qualifications). A referendum in January 1963 overwhelmingly approved by voters gave women the right to vote, a right previously denied to them under the Iranian Constitution of 1906 pursuant to Chapter 2, Article 3. Women have full suffrage since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The first female to be elected Prime Minister of Israel is Golda Meir in 1969. Although women were allowed to vote in some prefectures in 1880, women's suffrage
9760767
Women's suffrage in Utah


Women's suffrage in Utah was first granted in 1870, in the pre-federal period, decades before statehood. Among all U.S. states, only Wyoming granted suffrage to women earlier than Utah. Because Utah held two elections before Wyoming, Utah women were the first women to cast ballots in the United States after the start of the suffrage movement. However, in 1887 the Edmunds–Tucker Act was passed by Congress in an effort to curtail Mormon influence in the territorial government, disallowing the enfranchisement of the women residents within Utah
1963299
Women's suffrage


was enacted at a national level in 1945. Korea South Korean women were granted the vote in 1948. When voting was first introduced in Kuwait in 1985, Kuwaiti women had the right to vote. The right was later removed. In May 2005, the Kuwaiti parliament re-granted female suffrage. Pakistan was part of British Raj until 1947, when it became independent. Women received full suffrage in 1947. Muslim women leaders from all classes actively supported the Pakistan movement in the mid-1940s. Their movement was led by wives and
9760768
Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States


. 1887: Rhode Island becomes the first eastern state to vote on a women's suffrage referendum, but it does not pass. 1888–1889: Wyoming had already granted women voting and suffrage since 1869-70; now they insist that they maintain suffrage if Wyoming joins the Union. 1890: The National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association merge to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Its first president is Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The focus turns to working at the state level. Wyoming renewed general women's suffrage
21017500
Women's suffrage


high degree of autonomy. In 1863, taxpaying women were granted municipal suffrage in the country side, and in 1872, the same reform was given to the cities. In 1906, it became the first country in the world to implement full universal suffrage, as women could also stand as candidates. It also elected the world's first female members of parliament the following year. The 21 April 1944 ordinance of the French Committee of National Liberation, confirmed in October 1944 by the French provisional government, extended the suffrage to French
9760788
1867 Kansas suffrage referendum


The U.S. state of Kansas held a referendum on November on a proposed constitutional amendment to grant women the full right to vote on November 5, 1867. It was the first-ever referendum on women's suffrage in U.S. history, and specifically sought to amend Section 1, Article 5 of the state constitution to "eliminate the word "male" from the clause defining the qualifications of an elector." The amendment had been approved by the legislature, but had to be ratified by the all-white-male electorate of
9088581
Iowa


state in the union to admit women to the practice of law, with the Court ruling women may not be denied the right to practice law in Iowa and admitting Arabella A. Mansfield to the practice of law. Several attempts to grant full voting rights to Iowa women were defeated between 1870 and 1919. In 1894 women were given "partial suffrage", which allowed them to vote on issues, but not for candidates. It was not until the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified in 1920 that women had full
74957
Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States


favorably. 1883: Women in the Washington territory are granted full voting rights. 1884: The U.S. House of Representatives debates women's suffrage. 1886: The suffrage amendment is defeated two to one in the U.S. Senate. 1887: The Edmunds-Tucker act takes the vote away from women in Utah in order to suppress the Mormon vote in the Utah territory. 1887: The Supreme Court strikes down the law that enfranchised women in the Washington territory. 1887: In Kansas, women win the right to vote in municipal elections
21017499
History of feminism


Belgiojoso, and Ester Martini Currica were politically active in the events leading up to 1848. In Britain, interest in suffrage emerged from the writings of Wheeler and Thompson in the 1820s, and from Reid, Taylor, and Anne Knight in the 1840s. While New Zealand was the first sovereign state where women won the right to vote (1893), they did not win the right to stand in elections until later. The Australian State of South Australia was the first sovereign state in the world to officially grant full suffrage to
12964675
Women's suffrage


of political rights for men and women", but a few electoral rights were reserved for men. After the Carnation Revolution, women were granted full and equal electoral rights in 1976. The timeline of granting women's suffrage in Romania was gradual and complex, due to the turbulent historical period when it happened. The concept of universal suffrage for all "men" was introduced in 1918, and reinforced by the 1923 Constitution of Romania. Although this constitution opened the way for the possibility of women's suffrage too (Article 6
9760803
Alpha Suffrage Club


-Barnett formed the Alpha Suffrage Club in direct response seeing white women "working like beavers" to pass an Illinois granting limited suffrage to women in the State. Soon after returning from the Washington parade, Wells-Barnett led a congregation of several hundred black women through Springfield's Capitol building to lobby on behalf of the Illinois Equal Suffrage Act and against a handful of pending Jim Crow bills. The IESA was signed into law on June 26, 1913 making Illinois the first state in decades to grant suffrage. Carrie Chapman Catt
10714709
Women's suffrage in Canada


Women's suffrage in Canada occurred at different times in different jurisdictions and at different times to different demographics of women. By the close of 1918, all the Canadian provinces except Quebec had granted full suffrage to white and black women. Municipal suffrage was granted in 1884 to property-owning widows and spinsters in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario; in 1886, in the province of New Brunswick, to all property-owning women except those whose husbands were voters; in Nova Scotia, in 1886; and in Prince Edward Island
9246478
Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States


New York City, 3,000 people march for women's suffrage. 1912: Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party includes women's suffrage in its platform. 1912: Abigail Scott Duniway dissuades members of the National American Woman Suffrage Association from involving themselves in Oregon's grassroots suffrage campaign; Oregon women win the vote. 1912: Arizona grants women suffrage. 1912: Kansas grants women suffrage. 1912: Alaska's territorial legislature grants women suffrage. 1913: Alice Paul becomes the leader of the Congressional Union (CU), a militant branch of
21017505
Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States


the National American Woman Suffrage Association. 1913: Alice Paul organizes the Woman's Suffrage Procession, a parade in Washington, D.C. on the eve of Woodrow Wilson's inauguration. It is the largest suffrage parade to date. The parade is attacked by a mob, and hundreds of women are injured but no arrests are made. 1913: The Alaskan Territory grants women suffrage. 1913: Illinois grants municipal and presidential but not state suffrage to women. 1913: Kate Gordon organizes the Southern States Woman Suffrage Conference, where suffragists plan
21017506
Silent Sentinels


Carrie Chapman Catt- then the leader of the National American Woman Suffrage Association believed that the best way to realize women's suffrage was to gain the vote through individual states first, upon which women could vote for a pro-suffrage majority in Congress. She thus opposed advocating for a national amendment to grant women's suffrage, as the Sentinels did. Members of the National American Woman Suffrage Association feared that pickets would create a backlash from male voters. Anti-suffragists also opposed the Silent Sentinels' protest. Mobs sometimes attempted to
7312989
Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States


women's rights. The AWSA is formed by Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, and Thomas Wentworth Higginson, and it protests the confrontational tactics of the NWSA and ties itself closely to the Republican Party while concentrating solely on securing the vote for women state by state. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the first president of the National Woman Suffrage Association. Julia Ward Howe was the first president of the American Woman Suffrage Association. 1870: The Utah Territory grants suffrage to women. 1870: The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is adopted
21017494
Women's suffrage in states of the United States


a referendum in Colorado made that state the second state to give women suffrage and the first state where the men voted to give women the right to vote. Later, Idaho approved a constitutional amendment in 1896 with a statewide vote giving women the right to vote. California's voters granted women's suffrage in 1911, when they adopted Proposition 4. Clara Elizabeth Chan Lee (October 21, 1886 – October 5, 1993) was the first Chinese American woman voter in the United States. She registered to vote on November 8
1115935
Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States


to lobby state legislatures for laws that will enfranchise white women only. 1913: The Senate votes on a women's suffrage amendment, but it does not pass. 1914: Nevada grants women suffrage. 1914: Montana grants women suffrage. 1914: The Congressional Union alienates leaders of the National American Woman Suffrage Association by campaigning against pro-suffrage Democrats in the congressional elections. 1915: Carrie Chapman Catt replaces Anna Howard Shaw as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, partly due to the constant turmoil on the National Board
21017507
Effect of World War I on children in the United States


working in the factories, more of society began to realize the need for women's rights; while women had been granted suffrage (voting rights) to varying degrees in several states beginning in the late 19th century, they were now guaranteed full suffrage throughout the United States by the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution passed in August, 1920. This also paved the way for the children of future generations by creating greater career opportunities for girls and women; as women gained a stronger voice, girls became more involved in the
6388996
Feminism in Australia


Australia has a long-standing association with the protection and creation of women's rights. Australia was the second country in the world to give women the right to vote (after New Zealand in 1893) and the first to give women the right to be elected to a national parliament. The Australian state of South Australia, then a British colony, was the first parliament in the world to grant women full suffrage rights. Australia has since had multiple notable women serving in public office as well as other fields. Women in
18445136
National Association for Women's Suffrage (Sweden)


of woman suffrage were presented in parliament, but were all voted down. After the elections of 1917, the Conservatives were defeated by the Liberals and Social Democrats. Thereby, there was a majority in the Swedish parliament in favor of women's suffrage, and the LKPR reminded the parties to the left of their old promise to introduce women's suffrage as soon as full suffrage had been granted to men. In February 1918, the Government hold to its promise by presenting a bill on women's suffrage. It was approved in
11525905
Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States


of New Jersey grants the vote to "all free inhabitants," including women. 1807: Women lose the right to vote in New Jersey, the last state to revoke the right. 1838: Kentucky passes the first statewide woman suffrage law allowing female heads of household in rural areas to vote in elections deciding on taxes and local boards for the new county "common school" system. 1848: The Seneca Falls Convention, the first women's rights convention, is held in Seneca Falls, New York. Women's suffrage
21017490
Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States


Women's suffrage returns to Utah upon gaining statehood. 1896: The National American Woman Suffrage Association hires Ida Husted Harper to launch an expensive suffrage campaign in California, which ultimately fails. 1896: Idaho grants women suffrage. 1897: The National American Woman Suffrage Association begins publishing the "National Suffrage Bulletin", edited by Carrie Chapman Catt. 1900: Carrie Chapman Catt becomes the new leader of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. 1902: Women from 10 nations meet in Washington, D.C. to plan an international effort for suffrage
21017502
Suffrage


, making Australia the first in the world to allow this. In 1906 Finland became the next nation in the world to give all adult citizens full suffrage, in other words the right to vote and to run for office. New Zealand granted all adult citizens the right to vote (in 1893), but women did not get the right to run for the New Zealand legislature until 1919. (see Canadian women during the world wars for more information on Canadian suffrage) The European Union has given the right to vote in
20529630
Women's Suffrage League


The Women's Suffrage League, founded in 1888, spearheaded the campaign for women's right to vote in South Australia. In 1894 South Australia became the first Australian colony and the fourth place in the world to grant women's suffrage. At the same time women were granted the right to stand for election to Parliament, the first place in the world. The Women's Suffrage League evolved from the "Social Purity Society", an organisation that was concerned about the social and economic difficulties many women faced. The Society campaigned
10552831
Inter-American Commission of Women


rejected the proposed Treaty on the Equality of Rights for Women, though it was signed by Cuba, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Three of those states had already granted suffrage to women, and none of the four ratified the Treaty after the conference. However, the women had presented the first international resolution to recommend suffrage for women. The women presented their materials which showed the disparity between rights of men and women. For example, in 16 countries of the Americas women could not vote at all, in two countries
8176740
Doris Stevens


and Uruguay. Three of those states had already granted suffrage to women, and none of the four ratified the Treaty after the conference. However, the women had presented the first international resolution to recommend suffrage for women. Next, Stevens presented their materials which showed the disparity between rights of men and women. For example, in 16 countries of the Americas women could not vote at all, in two countries they could vote with restrictions, and in three countries they had equal enfranchisement. In 19 of the American countries,
3288093
Women's suffrage


, in which 3,816,654 women voted (63.9% voted for the Justicialist Party and 30.8% for the Radical Civic Union). Later in 1952, the first 23 senators and deputies took their seats, representing the Justicialist Party. Women were granted the right to vote and be elected in Electoral Code of 1932, followed by Brazilian Constitution of 1934. However, the law of Rio Grande do Norte State has allowed women to vote since 1926. The struggle for women's suffrage was part of a larger movement to gain rights for
9760868
Anti-suffragism


after the Massachusetts State legislature introduced a proposal to promote female voting rights. Two hundred women opposed this initiative as they did not want women to gain full citizenship. Though nothing became of this proposal, its introduction mobilized the suffrage movement on both sides. In 1871, a petition to the United States Congress was published by nineteen women in Godey's Lady's Book and Magazine in opposition to votes for women, the first instance of the mobilization from anti-suffrage women. Women turned out at the New York State Constitutional Convention
1493319
Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States


is voted down. 1868: The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified, introducing the word "male" into the Constitution for the first time, in Section 2 of the amendment. 1869: The territory of Wyoming is the first to grant unrestricted suffrage to women. 1869: The suffrage movement splits into the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association. The NWSA is formed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony after their accusing abolitionist and Republican supporters of emphasizing black civil rights at the expense of
21017493
Politics of New Jersey


New Jersey is one of the fifty United States states. In 1776, the first Constitution of New Jersey was drafted. It was written during the Revolutionary War, and created a basic framework for the state government. The constitution granted the right of suffrage to women and black men who met certain property requirements. The New Jersey Constitution of 1776 allowed "all inhabitants of this Colony, of full age, who are worth fifty pounds proclamation money" to vote. This included blacks, spinsters, and widows; married women could
12041369
Women's Franchise League of Indiana


Prior to World War One, the WFL focused on obtaining the vote at the state level. Their initial efforts did lead to results when the state passed the Maston-McKinley Partial Suffrage Bill in 1917 which granted women to in municipal, school and certain special elections. At the passing of this bill many women registered to vote, including between thirty and forty thousand women in Indianapolis. The Maston-McKinley Partial Suffrage Act placed Indiana in line with states such as Illinois, Utah and Michigan. Unfortunately for the pro-suffrage
16742750
Women's suffrage


vote in local city elections (mayoral elections) was granted to every "burgher", which was defined as a taxpaying citizen with a guild membership. Women as well as men were members of guilds, which resulted in women's suffrage for a limited number of women. In 1734, suffrage in both national and local elections, in cities as well as countryside, was granted to every property owning taxpaying citizen of legal majority. This extended suffrage to all taxpaying property owning women whether guild members or not, but excluded married
9760811
Grace Raymond Hebard


"in her [Hebard's] own image." Being the first of western territories or states to adopt women's suffrage placed Wyoming in the national spotlight. National suffragists in subsequent years found a potent symbol in Wyoming enfranchising women as states voted on the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granting suffrage to women. Carrie Chapman Catt, who was president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, incorrectly claimed that Wyoming "gave so much evidence of positive good to the community arising from the votes of women that she became the
1915876
Women's suffrage in states of the United States


to attempt granting voting rights to women; the legislative measure was defeated by only one vote. In 1871, the Washington Women's Suffrage Association was formed, largely attributable to a crusade through Washington and Oregon led by Susan B. Anthony and Abigail Scott Duniway. The late nineteenth century saw a seesaw of bills passed by the Territorial Legislature and subsequently overturned by the Territorial Supreme Court, as the competing interests of the suffrage movement and the liquor industry (which was being damaged by the women's vote) battled over the issue.
1115933
Massachusetts Association Opposed to the Further Extension of Suffrage to Women


The Massachusetts Association Opposed to the Further Extension of Suffrage to Women (MAOFESW) was one of the earliest organizations formed to oppose women's suffrage in the United States. The organization was founded in May of 1895. However, MAOFESW had its roots in earlier Massachusetts anti-suffrage groups and had a publication called "The Remonstrance", started in 1890. In the state of Massachusetts, women's suffrage referendums took place as early as 1868 and 1869. Around two hundred women were against granting to vote to women. An
13580208
History of Vermont


slavery, and later Lincoln's Gettysburg Address in changing how citizens perceived civil rights, fueled agitation for women's suffrage. The first election in which women were allowed to vote was on December 18, 1880, when women were granted limited suffrage and were first allowed to vote in town elections, and then in state legislative races. Starting around 1870, a number of Vermont towns dressed satirically for Independence Day in an Ancient and Horribles Parade. The intent was to deride politicians and other well-known figures. This largely died
1480226
Women's suffrage in states of the United States


figured out that the charters for second-class cities in Kentucky were up for renewal and the Kentucky Equal Rights Association (KERA) lobbied successfully in the Kentucky Constitutional Convention to get the legislature to grant those municipalities the right to grant woman suffrage. In March 1894 the Kentucky General Assembly granted school suffrage to women in the cities of Lexington, Covington and Newport; and, Josephine Henry succeeded in her lobbying for the state law for a Married Woman's Property Act. In 1902, because of the fear of an organized bloc
1115967
United States Senate Select Committee on Woman Suffrage


The Select Committee on Woman Suffrage was a select committee of the United States Senate from 1882-1921 It was established to consider an amendment to the United States Constitution granting women the right to vote in the United States. The Senate established the select committee on January 9, 1882, when it approved a resolution offered by Senator George Hoar of Massachusetts. The committee was directed to consider "all petitions, bills, and resolves asking for the extension of suffrage to women or the removal of their legal disabilities." The first
4876846
Utah


like those on the Utah Supreme Court, are subject to retention election after appointment. Utah is divided into political jurisdictions designated as "counties". Since 1918 there have been 29 counties in the state, ranging from . Utah granted full voting rights to women in 1870, 26 years before becoming a state. Among all U.S. states, only Wyoming granted suffrage to women earlier. However, in 1887 the initial Edmunds-Tucker Act was passed by Congress in an effort to curtail Mormon influence in the territorial government. One of
13052289
Women's suffrage in states of the United States


The first successful bill passed in 1883 (overturned in 1887), the next in 1888 (overturned the same year). The women's suffrage movement next hoped to secure the right to vote via voter referendum, first in 1889 (the same year Washington achieved statehood), and again in 1898, but both referendum bids were unsuccessful. A constitutional amendment finally granted women the right to vote in 1910. After Wyoming gained statehood, Colorado and Idaho were the next two states to give women the vote. In 1893,
1115934
Women in Denmark


, Matilde Bajer founded the "Kvindelig Fremskridtsforening" (or KF, 1886-1904) to deal exclusively with the right to suffrage, both in municipal and national elections, and it 1887, the Danish women publicly demanded the right for women's suffrage for the first time through the KF. However, as the KF was very much involved with worker's rights and pacifist activity, the question of women's suffrage was in fact not given full attention, which led to the establishment of the strictly women's suffrage movement "
12362251
Marianne Moore


League of Self Supporting Women, which started the practice of suffrage parades, and soon in 1910 women in Washington state were granted the right to vote. Moore’s combined major in History, Politics, and Economics and the suffrage involvement of professors and other students at Bryn Mawr exposed her to the women’s suffrage movement especially because it was a “unique period in the history of women’s college, as the values of progressivism, women’s education, and the ideology of separate spheres came together in a kind of perfect storm
10920796
Centenary of Women's Suffrage mural


The Centenary of Women's Suffrage mural is located in the town of Lake Grace, Western Australia. It honours 48 women who contributed to the development of the area from the time of white colonisation until the present day. The mural was painted in 1998 by a group of local artists as part of commemorations for the centenary of women's suffrage in the State of Western Australia. It was funded by a grant from the state's fund for women's suffrage commemorations. It depicts women from a range of backgrounds, including settlers
10610332
Amanda Way


during the war. In 1869 Way helped revive the Indiana Women’s Rights Association, which became an affiliate of the American Woman Suffrage Association, and changed its name to the Indiana Woman's Suffrage Association. As a representative of the IWSA, Way read a memorial on behalf of the organization before the Indiana General Assembly in 1871 in support of an amendment to the state constitution that would grant women the right to vote. The American Woman Suffrage Association merged with the National Woman Suffrage Association to become the National American Woman Suffrage Association
9215821
Prohibition in the United States


prohibition. Additionally, nativist sentiments were part of a larger process of Americanization taking place during the same time period. Two other amendments to the Constitution were championed by dry crusaders to help their cause. One was granted in the Sixteenth Amendment (1913), which replaced alcohol taxes that funded the federal government with a federal income tax. The other was women's suffrage, which was granted after the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920; since women tended to support prohibition, temperance organizations tended to support women's suffrage.
10817709
Suffrage


reverted to "all white male" suffrage restrictions. Although the Kingdom of Hawai'i granted female suffrage in 1840, the right was rescinded in 1852. Limited voting rights were gained by some women in Sweden, Britain, and some western U.S. states in the 1860s. In 1893, the British colony of New Zealand became the first self-governing nation to extend the right to vote to all adult women. In 1894 the women of South Australia achieved the right to both vote "and" stand for Parliament. The autonomous Grand
20529593
Anti-suffragism


that suffragettes were turning to militant tactics. In general, most ordinary women had prioritized domestic and family life over paid employment and political activism when it came to the issue of suffrage. Most historical evidence shows that ordinary women did not have much interest in the right to vote before the first World War and also after suffrage had been granted to women. The Women's National Anti-Suffrage League was established in London on 21 July 1908. Its aims were to oppose women being granted the vote in British parliamentary elections, although
1493303
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution


: women in states that had already granted presidential suffrage (the right to vote for the President) would focus on passing a federal suffrage amendment; women who believed they could influence their state legislatures would focus on amending their state constitutions and Southern states would focus on gaining primary suffrage (the right to vote in state primaries). Simultaneously, the NAWSA worked to elect congressmen who supported suffrage for women. By 1915, NAWSA was a large, powerful organization, with 44 state chapters and over 2 million members. In a
13052062
Universal suffrage


can be organised in three ways: In Sweden-Finland, women's suffrage was granted during the Age of Liberty from 1718 until 1772. In Corsica, women's suffrage was granted in 1755 and lasted until 1769. Women's suffrage (with the same property qualifications as for men) was granted in New Jersey in 1776 (the word "inhabitants" was used instead of "men" in the 1776 Constitution) and rescinded in 1807. The Pitcairn Islands granted restricted women's suffrage in 1838. Various other countries and
4703638
Washington State Legislature


single vote in a vote of 8 to 9. A decade later, the Wyoming Legislature would become the first body in the United States to grant women's suffrage in 1869. The issue over female suffrage did not diminish. In 1871 Susan B. Anthony and Thurston County Representative Daniel Bigelow addressed the legislature on the issue. In 1883, the issue returned to the floor, this time with the Territorial Assembly successfully passing universal suffrage for women. It quickly became one of the most liberal voting laws in the nation, giving female
2560965
Women's suffrage in the United States


." The AWSA aimed for close ties with the Republican Party, hoping that the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment would lead to a Republican push for women's suffrage. The NWSA, while determined to be politically independent, was critical of the Republicans. Anthony and Stanton wrote a letter to the 1868 Democratic National Convention that criticized Republican sponsorship of the Fourteenth Amendment (which granted citizenship to black men but for the first time introduced the word "male" into the Constitution), saying, "While the dominant party has with
12494348
United Farmers of Alberta


Tregillus was the first president of the AFCEC. The UFA was a believer in the co-operative movement and supported women's suffrage. In 1912 women founded the parallel United Farm Women of Alberta, and in 1914, women were granted full membership rights in UFA itself. By 1920, UFA had become the most influential lobby group in Alberta with over 30,000 registered members. Under pressure of losing influence to the upstart Alberta Non-Partisan League – which ran in four rural constituencies in the 1917 provincial election, winning two –
14750824
History of feminism


rights, in Germany, in the 1840s. Although slightly later in time, Fusae Ichikawa was in the first wave of women's activists in her own country of Japan, campaigning for women's suffrage. Mary Lee was active in the suffrage movement in South Australia, the first Australian colony to grant women the vote in 1894. In New Zealand, Kate Sheppard and Mary Ann Müller worked to achieve the vote for women by 1893. In the United States, the antislavery campaign of the 1830s served as both a cause ideologically
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Eliza Pickrell Routt


Denver. She progressed the equal rights movement for women, as First Lady. Routt died in 1907. Routt joined the Non-Partisan Suffrage Association of Colorado. In 1893, she was the first woman registered to vote in Colorado, because of her efforts to obtain the right to vote for women. Colorado was the second state, after Wyoming, to grant women the right to vote. She was the elected president of The City League of Denver, an active proponent of the women's suffrage movement. Routt was inducted
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Women's suffrage in states of the United States


in court against whites. From the 11th National Women's Rights Convention and a merger with former abolitionists, the American Equal Rights Association formed to lobby the new federal government and the states for full rights for all citizens. In 1867 Virginia Penny of Louisville was elected Vice-President - her first book, "The Employments of Women: A Cyclopaedia of Woman's Work" was recently published (1863). Also in 1867, the first suffrage association in the South is in Kentucky – Glendale, with 20 members. Also
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Women's suffrage in New Zealand


Women's suffrage in New Zealand was an important political issue in the late nineteenth century. In early colonial New Zealand, as in European societies, women were excluded from any involvement in politics. Public opinion began to change in the latter half of the nineteenth century, however, and after years of effort by women's suffrage campaigners, led by Kate Sheppard, New Zealand became the first self-governing colony in the world in which all women had the right to vote in parliamentary elections. The Electoral Bill granting women the
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Women in Poland


with the 18th century enlightenment, followed by first-wave feminism. The first four early periods coincided with the foreign partitions of Poland, which resulted in the elimination of the sovereign Polish state for 123 years. Poland was among the first nations to grant women legal rights: women's suffrage was delivered in 1918, after the country regained independence that year, following the 123-year period of partition and foreign rule. In 1932 Poland made marital rape illegal. Despite the improvement of the state's policies regarding women's rights, Polish
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Unfair election


universal suffrage for men in the United States House of Representatives was achieved over 1868 and 1870, direct elections to the Senate secured in 1913, women won the vote in 1920, and poll taxes levied by the states were banned in 1964. Around continental Europe, there were different speeds of progress. France had granted universal suffrage for men after the Revolutions of 1848, but did not extend the vote to women until 1944. After the First World War in Germany, the new Weimar Republic's constitution of 1919 guaranteed universal suffrage
19723285
Republic Day (Azerbaijan)


Azerbaijan (1918-1920) - the first secular democratic state in the Muslim East was proclaimed. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, founded by Mammad Amin Rasulzadeh, was the first parliamentary republic and the first democratic, legal and secular state in the Turkish and Islamic world. Among the important accomplishments of the ADR was the extension of suffrage to women, making Azerbaijan one of the first countries in the world, and the very first majority-Muslim nation, to grant women equal political rights with men. The first state, which
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1937 Philippine women's suffrage plebiscite


was another organization called a National Federation of Women's Club in 1921-1937 which was known to be the vanguard of the suffrage movement. As all these organizations illustrate, Filipino women worked hard with determination to gain the right to vote and have equal political participation as Filipino men. The National Assembly in 1935 stated that they would hold a plebiscite in the next two years, stating if more than 300,000 women were to vote for the plebiscite, then the right to vote for women would be granted. In response, Filipino
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Suffrage


branch at the same time. Such provisions are found, for example, in Article I of the U.S. Constitution. "See also: Timeline of women's suffrage, Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States, Voting age" In 1840, the Kingdom of Hawai'i adopted full suffrage to all adults, including women, but in 1852 rescinded female voting. In 1902 the Commonwealth Franchise Act enabled women to vote federally in Australia and in the state of New South Wales. This legislation also allowed women to run for government
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History of feminism


dominant movement influence, having also founded the Women's Franchise League in 1889, which sought local election suffrage for women. The Isle of Man, a UK dependency, was the first free standing jurisdiction to grant women the vote (1881), followed by the right to vote (but not to stand) in New Zealand in 1893, where Kate Sheppard had pioneered reform. Some Australian states had also granted women the vote. This included Victoria for a brief period (1863–5), South Australia (1894), and
12964678
Women's suffrage in Australia


the last colony to grant universal male suffrage. A movement for women's suffrage gathered pace during the 19th century. The experience and organizations involved in the suffrage movement varied across the colonies. Propertied women in the colony of South Australia were granted the vote in local elections (but not parliamentary elections) in 1861. The Parliament of South Australia endorsed the right to vote and stand for parliament in 1894 and the law received royal assent in 1895. The law applied equally in the Northern Territory, which was then a part of
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National American Woman Suffrage Association


of legislation that affected women in states where they were able to vote. On the last day of the convention, the Missouri senate passed legislation giving women the right to vote in presidential elections in Missouri and a resolution to submit a constitutional amendment for full suffrage. In June of that year, the Nineteenth Amendment was passed. After the elections, Wilson called a special session of Congress, which passed the suffrage amendment on June 4, 1919. The struggle now passed to the state legislatures, three-fourths of which would
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Women's suffrage


the parliamentarian Fredrik Bajer to grant women municipal suffrage. In 1886, in response to the perceived overcautious attitude of DK in the question of women suffrage, Matilde Bajer founded the "Kvindelig Fremskridtsforening" (or KF, 1886–1904) to deal exclusively with the right to suffrage, both in municipal and national elections, and it 1887, the Danish women publicly demanded the right for women's suffrage for the first time through the KF. However, as the KF was very much involved with worker's rights and pacifist activity, the
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Irish Women's Citizens Association


practice of good citizenship”. Members of the Irish Women's Citizens Association were usually urban, middle class women who were educated. Many of them were feminists who had been involved in the suffrage movement as members of the Irish Women's Suffrage and Local Government Association that stayed involved with activism after suffrage was achieved. They believed all women were full citizens, and they worked to protect their rights as citizens. The association was active for three decades and advocated on key laws passed by the Irish Free State in its first decades
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Women's suffrage in Australia


vote in 1908, and were able to exercise the vote for the first time at the 1911 state election, the last state to do so. The Victorian Society disbanded in 1908, after women in the state gained the vote. In 1889, Rose Scott and Mary Windeyer helped to found the Women's Literary Society in Sydney, which grew into the Womanhood Suffrage League in 1891. In Queensland, the Women's Equal Franchise Association was formed in 1894, which collected two petitions in 1894 for women's suffrage. The first
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Sixth Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance


of Arrangements by its chairman, . The official report of the first executive session Monday morning said: "Miss Janet Richards, delegate from the U. S. A., with an admirable speech, presented to the Alliance from the State which had recently given full suffrage to women a gavel bearing the inscription: "To the International W. S. A. from the Washington Equal Suffrage Association." It was announced that National Suffrage Associations had been formed in Iceland and SerBia and they were gladly accepted as auxiliaries, bringing the number up to twenty
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Women's suffrage in states of the United States


Women's suffrage in states of the United States refers to women's right to vote in individual states of that country. Suffrage was established on a full or partial basis by various towns, counties, states and territories during the latter decades of the 19th century and early part of the 20th century. As women received the right to vote in some places, they began running for public office and gaining positions as school board members, county clerks, state legislators, judges, and, in the case of Jeannette Rankin, as
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Leigh’s Political Women and Women’s Suffrage Activism


went on hunger strike but did not serve her full sentence without food, denying herself food for 65 hours. During the General Election of January 1910, members of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) visited Leigh to collect signatures for their Voters’ Petition. They aimed to prove that male voters were in favour of votes for women. With the cooperation of local suffragists, 2,843 signatures were collected at Leigh polling stations. After which, a banner stating "2,843 Men of Leigh Demand Women’s Suffrage"
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Timeline of women's suffrage


Women's suffrage – the right of women to vote – has been achieved at various times in countries throughout the world. In many nations, women's suffrage was granted before universal suffrage, so women and men from certain classes or races were still unable to vote. Some countries granted suffrage to both sexes at the same time. This timeline lists years when women's suffrage was enacted. Some countries are listed more than once, as the right was extended to more women according to age, land ownership, etc. In
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1872 United States presidential election


budget to work with. One historian was quoted saying, "Never before was a candidate placed under such great obligation to men of wealth as was Grant." A large portion of Grant's campaign funds came from entrepreneurs, including Jay Cooke, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Alexander Turney Stewart, Henry Hilton, and John Astor. This was the first election after the formation of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. As a result, protests for women's suffrage became more prevalent. The National Woman
18781882
Tasmanian Legislative Council


Assembly switch to using the Hare-Clark system with multi-member seats, and introduced preferential voting to the Council. A redistribution in 1946 broke up Hobart and Launceston into single-member electorates. Suffrage was gradually expanded from the late 19th century onwards, with the property franchise being first eased and then abolished; ex-convicts, ex-servicemen and then women being granted the vote; the age of majority being reduced; and finally, full adult suffrage in 1968. The first woman to sit on the Legislative Council
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Feminism in the United States


Massachusetts in 1850. Women's rights conventions were held regularly from 1850 until the start of the Civil War. The women's suffrage movement began with the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention; many of the activists became politically aware during the abolitionist movement. The movement reorganized after the Civil War, gaining experienced campaigners, many of whom had worked for prohibition in the Women's Christian Temperance Union. By the end of the 19th century only a few western states had granted women full voting rights, though women had made significant legal victories,
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History of women in the United States


women's suffrage movement began with the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention; many of the activists became politically aware during the abolitionist movement. The movement reorganized after the Civil War, gaining experienced campaigners, many of whom had worked for prohibition in the Women's Christian Temperance Union. By the end of the 19th century a few western states had granted women full voting rights, though women had made significant legal victories, gaining rights in areas such as property and child custody. In 1866, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony formed the
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Suffrage in Australia


Suffrage in Australia refers to the right to vote (usually referred to as franchise) for people living in Australia, including all its six component states (before 1901 called colonies) and territories, as well as local councils. The colonies of Australia began to grant universal male suffrage during the 1850s and women's suffrage followed between the 1890s and 1900s. Today, the right to vote at federal, state and local levels of government is enjoyed by all citizens of Australia over the age of 18 years. Upon first white settlement
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National Association for Women's Suffrage (Sweden)


society and referred to as the "bible of the Swedish suffrage movement". In 1905, the LKPR presented its demands to the liberal government of Karl Staaff, who answered them that women suffrage should be introduced as soon as full male suffrage, which had to come first. The government arranged for an investigation of the reform, which was scheduled to present its result after a period of six years. In 1907, the Conservative government under Arvid Lindman refused to touch the question by referring to this investigation. The LKPR sent
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Missouri T. B. Hanna


to the general question of woman's political enfranchisement and to the special consideration of the amendment granting suffrage to women which is to be voted on in this state in November, 1910." The last issue, in January 1911, after woman suffrage became part of the State Constitution, admonished women to "use the ballot that has been given to you." At this point, the publication converted to "The New Citizen," recognizing the new role of newly enfranchised women and published with her daughter, Florence Hanna Hamilton
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Women's suffrage


of Man in 1881, and in 1893, the British colony of New Zealand granted all women the right to vote. Most major Western powers extended voting rights to women in the interwar period, including Canada (1917), Britain and Germany (1918), Austria and the Netherlands (1919) and the United States (1920). Leslie Hume argues that the First World War changed the popular mood: Extended political campaigns by women and their supporters have generally been necessary to gain legislation or constitutional amendments for women's suffrage
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Women's suffrage


won the vote on 26 August 1920 with the passage of the 19th Amendment (the Voting Rights Act of 1965 secured voting rights for racial minorities). Irish women won the same voting rights as men in the Irish Free State constitution, 1922. In 1928, British women won suffrage on the same terms as men, that is, for person 21 years  old and older. The suffrage of Turkish women introduced in 1930 for local elections and in 1934 for national elections. By the time French women were granted the suffrage in
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New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage


, NYSAOWS believed that only 10% of women actually wanted the vote. NYSAOWS also used tactics such as associating women's suffrage with "support for socialist causes." The group would receive requests for information, advice or assistance from women in other states. They also sent petitions to the New York State Assembly, asking them not to grant suffrage to women. The association drew large crowds, like the one at Glens Falls City Hall in February 1915, when NYSAOWS president, Alice Hill Chittenden, spoke. After women in
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Women's suffrage in states of the United States


Association, Incorporated. They both affiliated with the National American Woman Suffrage Association and in 1918 combined to form the Tennessee Woman Suffrage Association. Due to the work by suffragists, in 1919 the Tennessee legislature passed an amendment to the state constitution granting only presidential and municipal suffrage for women. When the Susan B. Anthony amendment came to the Tennessee legislature, thirty-five other states had already ratified it. There was some controversy about the legitimacy of a state constitutional stipulation that a federal amendment could only be voted upon by a legislature
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Slovakization


Czechoslovak National Council (later The Czechoslovak National Assembly). The revolutionary parliament without participation of minorities also adopted a new constitution. The constitution guaranteed equal rights for all citizens regardless of gender, nationality or religion. In comparison with the previous state in the Kingdom of Hungary it also extended political rights to individuals of Hungarian nationality, by introducing universal suffrage, removing voting criteria based on property size and benefits based on titles and functions or education (typical for previous Hungarian elections) and granted full women's suffrage (including for Hungarian
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Women in Russia


League for Women's Rights. The League made universal women's suffrage its primary goal, and under Shishkina-Iavein's leadership the women's suffrage movement gained a great deal of popular support, both in Russia and abroad. In March 1917, the Provisional Government, which had replaced Nicholas II's autocracy, granted Russia's women the right to vote and hold political office. It was the first such reform enacted by a major political power. The Constitution of the USSR guaranteed equality for women - "Women in the USSR
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History of Wyoming


the obstacles of low population and of being the only territory in the U.S. giving women the right to vote, and the United States admitted Wyoming into the Union as the 44th state on July 10, 1890. In 1869, Wyoming territory granted women the right to vote, becoming the first U.S. state to extend suffrage to women. Wyoming was also the home of many other firsts for U.S. women in politics. The first time women served on a jury was in Wyoming (Laramie in 1870). Wyoming had the first female
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Timeline of women's suffrage


which, unlike New Zealand, allowed women to stand for Parliament). In Sweden, conditional women's suffrage was granted during the age of liberty between 1718 and 1772. The Australian Commonwealth Franchise Act of 1902 enabled women to vote at federal elections and also permitted women to stand for election to the Australian Parliament, making the newly-federated country of Australia the first in the modern world to do so. In 1906, the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland, which became the republic of Finland, was the second country in
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Women in the World Wars


, Great Britain, and a number of European countries extended suffrage to women in the years after the First World War. British historians no longer emphasize the granting of woman suffrage as a reward for women's participation in war work. Pugh (1974) argues that enfranchising soldiers primarily and women secondarily was decided by senior politicians in 1916. In the absence of major women's groups demanding equal suffrage, the government's conference recommended limited, age-restricted women's suffrage. The suffragettes had been weakened, Pugh argues, by
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Women's suffrage


. The delegation was headed by Agda Montelius, accompanied by Gertrud Adelborg, who had written the demand. This was the first time the Swedish women's movement themselves had officially presented a demand for suffrage. In 1902 the Swedish Society for Woman Suffrage was founded. In 1906 the suggestion of women's suffrage was voted down in parliament again. In 1909, the right to vote in municipal elections were extended to also include married women. The same year, women were granted eligibility for election to municipal councils, and in the
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