when did washington dc become the capital of the united states
History of Lagos


rapid growth throughout the 1960s and 1970s as a result of Nigeria's economic boom prior to the Biafran War. This continued through the 1980s and 1990s up to the present date. Lagos was the capital of Nigeria from 1914 - 1991 when the capital was moved to Abuja. Abuja is a capital like Washington, DC in United States and Brasilia in Brazil in that it was built from scratch specifically to be a capital. In 1991, Ibrahim Babangida, the Military President and other government functions moved to the newly built capital.
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Washington Saengerbund


the ladies in 1936 decided to form their own singing society which was to exist for almost 30 years as the Washington Sängerbund Ladies Chorus. In 1967 they eventually decided to join the men to become a mixed chorus. In 1981 the Washington Sängerbund published a 200-page hard-cover book describing its first 125 years. Frank H. Pierce III and his wife Nancy, both members of the Washington Sängerbund, did extensive research to cover many details of the Sängerbund's role in our nation's capital of Washington DC, reaching back to the
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DC Asian Pacific American Film Festival


Asian Pacific American Film, Inc., a nonprofit, tax-exempt charity under 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, produces the annual DC Asian Pacific American Film Festival in the capital of the United States, Washington, DC. It is the only Asian Pacific American film festival held in the Washington Metropolitan Area. The DC Asian Pacific American Film Festival is an annual film festival that screens feature films and short films . The DC Asian Pacific American Film Festival takes place during the beginning of October each year and includes venues in
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Ray Singleton


out what happened, he was furious. He did not however, press charges. After their divorce was finalized, they remained on amicable terms. So much so that after Ray married Eddie Singleton, Gordy loaned the couple money so that they could start their own record label in the nation's capital, Washington, DC. Ray and Eddie Singleton formed a record label, Shrine, which was based in Washington, DC. When the label proved unsuccessful, Ray returned to Motown in 1968. Raynoma formed a partnership with Motown
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History of Cumberland, Maryland


, when small amounts were mined for Fort Cumberland, a frontier outpost. In 1830, the first coal shipments eastward were made by barge down the Potomac River, a route later abandoned because of the rapids in the river. The State's first coal mining company was incorporated in 1836, but coal production did not become important unit the B&O Railroad reached Cumberland in 1842. In 1850, the opening of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal from Cumberland to Washington, DC provided another route for coal shipments. Over 21 million short tons
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Julian Comstock: A Story of 22nd-Century America


Jesus Christ" (premised on evangelicalism and organizationally based at Colorado Springs, Colorado) and the abolition of the Supreme Court. With the evacuation of Washington DC due to an unspecified cataclysm, Manhattan, New York has become the national capital. The United States has also annexed most of Canada and comprises sixty states, but is fighting German-controlled Mitteleuropa ("the Dutch") in the contested territory of Labrador. Climate change and peak oil have caused technological reversion, exacerbated by the Dominion's repressive social policies. Deklan
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First Bank of the United States


to Samuel Blodgett, Superintendent of Buildings for the new capital in Washington, DC., although it has also been attributed to James Hoban. It was completed in 1795. The First Bank of the United States has received various designations as a historic building. It was included in Independence National Historical Park when the park was formed in 1956. The building's architecture was studied by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1958. With the rest of Independence National Historical Park, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on
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Timothy Hwang


FiscalNote began its service as a state legislative tracking service. Hwang, Yao, and Chen, bootstrapped the business with several thousand dollars and incorporated FiscalNote in June 2013. FiscalNote soon moved the company to Washington, DC and raised several rounds of venture capital. The firm has grown to become one of the largest software employers in the District of Columbia. In 2017, Washington DC Mayor Muriel Bowser announced a major job training program and economic development package alongside Hwang, pioneering a new model for technology development in the city. Hwang
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William A. Patterson


DC-4 and the DC-8 a pioneering jet, and purchased Capital Airlines in 1961 to become the United States' largest airline, a title it would hold for nearly 40 years. In 1963, when Patterson became United's CEO and chairman of the board, the airline had more than 30,000 employees. He was a life trustee of Northwestern University, and helped establish the Northwestern University Transportation Center in 1954. Patterson received the "Tony Jannus Award" in 1968 for his distinguished contributions to commercial aviation. Patterson was inducted into the Junior
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History of the United States


, and president of the Constitutional Convention – became the first President of the United States under the new Constitution in 1789. The national capital moved from New York to Philadelphia in 1790 and finally settled in Washington DC in 1800. The major accomplishments of the Washington Administration were creating a strong national government that was recognized without question by all Americans. His government, following the vigorous leadership of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, assumed the debts of the states (the debt holders received federal bonds), created the Bank of the United States
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Emma Gillett


who had become the first female law student at National University in Washington, DC; Gillett moved to Washington in hopes of following in Lockwood's footsteps. Unfortunately, she found that National University had closed its doors to women. Gillette did gain admission at Howard University, and graduated in 1882 with an LL.B and in 1883 with an LL.M. She passed the bar in the District of Columbia the same year. Additionally, she became first woman to be appointed a notary public by the president of the United States. After admission to
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2018–19 United States federal government shutdown


by 0.13 percentage points each week, for a total hit to economic growth of 0.5 percentage points. The furloughing of 145,000 federal workers and 112,500 federal contractors in the Washington Metropolitan Area cost the regional economy $119 million each day, or 7.3% of the region's total output. That reduced GDP by over $2.8 billion in the Washington DC area alone. The shutdown also had a noticeable impact on hunger in the national capital region: food pantries in Washington DC and Northern Virginia reported an increase of around 10% in
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General José Gervasio Artigas


General Jose Gervasio Artigas is a bronze statue, in Washington, DC, capital of the United States, at the intersection of Constitution Avenue and Virginia Avenue, at 18th Street. It is one of a set called the Statues of the Liberators. José Artigas was a 19th-century general, sometimes called "the father of Uruguayan independence", "Protector de los Pueblos Libres" or "Jefe de los Orientales". The Washington, DC, statue was created before 1948 by Juan Manuel Blanes. At its base are
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Southeastern United States


, and the Washington Wizards. Major League Baseball (MLB) maintains five (5) teams in the Southeast: the Atlanta Braves, the Baltimore Orioles, the Miami Marlins, the Tampa Bay Rays, and the Washington Nationals. The Southeast has five (5) National Hockey League (NHL) franchises: the Carolina Hurricanes, the Florida Panthers, the Nashville Predators, the Tampa Bay Lightning, and the Washington Capitals. Major League Soccer currently holds three (3) clubs — Atlanta United FC, DC United, and
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D.C. Lottery


The D.C. Lottery (official name District of Columbia Lottery & Charitable Games Control Board) is run by the government of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. The D.C. Lottery is a charter member of the Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL). Games offered include Hot Lotto, Powerball, DC Daily 6, DC-5, DC-4, Keno, Mega Millions, and numerous scratch tickets. The D.C. Lottery began in 1982. In its history, it has given over $1.5 billion to the District of Columbia
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Margaret Bayard Smith


Margaret Bayard Smith (20 February 1778 – 7 June 1844) was an American author and political commentator in the early Republic of the United States, a time when women generally lived within strict gender roles. Her writings and relationships shaped both politics and society in the capital of early Washington, DC. Her literary reputation is based primarily on a collection of her letters and notebooks written from 1800 to 1841, and published posthumously in 1906 as "The First Forty Years of Washington Society", edited by Gaillard Hunt. Smith began
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R. James Woolsey Jr.


for his 2008 U.S. Presidential election campaign. In April 2011, Lux Capital announced that Woolsey would become a venture partner in the firm. In July 2011, Woolsey, in cooperation with Robert McFarlane, co-founded the United States Energy Security Council. Woolsey currently sits on the Board of Advisors for the Fuel Freedom Foundation. He received an honorary doctorate from the Institute of World Politics in Washington, DC in 2011. Woolsey was a Board Member and Vice-Chairman of The Jamestown Foundation, and sits on the advisory board
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Alketas Panagoulias


the first appearance of Greece in the Euro of 1980, in Italy. That remained the only time Greece had qualified for the Euro tournament until 2004, when they won the championship. He coached the famous Olympiacos C.F.P. from 1981–1983, earning the championship title in 1982 and 1983. He returned to the United States to become the head coach of the United States men's national soccer team, Team America, based in Washington, DC, RFK Stadium, from 1983 – 1985. He served as head coach of the United States
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United Nations Association of the National Capital Area


The United Nations Association of the National Capital Area (UNA-NCA) is a non profit membership organization based in Washington DC. It is dedicated to building understanding of and support for the ideals and vital work of the United Nations among American people. It is dedicated to educating, inspiring and mobilizing Americans to support the principles and work of the United Nations, as well as strengthening the United Nations system, promoting constructive United States leadership in that system and achieving the goals of the United Nations Charter. The United Nations Association
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1935 Labor Day hurricane


director of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). In the autumn of 1934 the problem of transient veterans in Washington DC "threatened ... to become acute and did become acute in January." Facilities in the capital were inadequate to handle the large numbers of veterans seeking jobs. President Franklin D. Roosevelt met with Mr. Hopkins and Robert Fechner, director of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) to discuss solutions. He "suggested the Southern camp plan and approved the program worked out by Mr. Hopkins for their establishment and maintenance
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James T. Walsh


Council in 2006; Legislator of the Year from Washington, DC's Congressional Fire Services Institute in 2004; and Distinguished Service Award from The American Ireland Fund in Washington, DC in 2001. Further, he was honored with the Capital Award from the National Council of La Raza in Washington, DC in 2001; Affordable Housing Champion from the National Council of State Housing Agencies in Washington, DC in 2000; and the Flax Trust Award from Flax Trust in Belfast, Northern Ireland in 1997. Walsh also received the John Phillip Sousa
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Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox


Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox , is a law firm specializing in the protection, transfer and enforcement of intellectual property rights. Since its founding in 1978 with only two attorneys and a handful of employees, Sterne Kessler has grown to become the 4th largest IP specialty law firm in the United States. The firm, based in Washington, DC, currently employs over 170 patent attorneys, agents, and technical specialists representing a broad range of entities, including emerging and established companies, venture capital firms, universities and select individuals
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Capital punishment in Washington (state)


Capital punishment in the state of Washington was abolished on October 11, 2018 when the state Supreme Court ruled it was unconstitutional as applied. On September 10, 2010, Cal Coburn Brown became the last person to be executed in the Washington State before it was abolished in 2018. Washington became the second state in the West Coast to abolish the death penalty along with Alaska (which did so as a territory two years before being admitted to the Union in 1959) and the 20th state to outlaw executions all together. When the
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Mongolia–United States relations


again in July 1991. Mongolia accredited its first ambassador to the United States in March 1989. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright visited Mongolia in May 1998, and Prime Minister Nambaryn Enkhbayar visited the American capital Washington, DC in November 2001. Deputy Secretary of State Richard L. Armitage visited Mongolia in January 2004, and Mongolian President Natsagiin Bagabandi came to Washington for a meeting with President George W. Bush in July 2004. President Bush, First Lady Laura Bush, and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice visited Mongolia in November 2005. Defense Secretary
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Baltimore–Washington International Airport


minutes later, the same plane was also the first flight to depart from the airport. 300 people came to watch the first flight arrive and depart. The Official Airline Guide for April 1957 shows 52 weekday departures: 19 Eastern, 12 Capital, 8 American, 4 National, 3 TWA, 3 United, 2 Delta, and 1 Allegheny. Miami had a couple of nonstop flights, but westward nonstop flights did not reach beyond Ohio; Baltimore's reach expanded when jet service started. The early Boeing 707s and Douglas DC-8s
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William Quinto


Kong in order to meet with Loh again. However, it would not be until after the 1989 election when the PUP regained power, that Belize and the ROC established relations. At that point, Belize only had three overseas missions, in London, Washington DC, and at the United Nations in New York City; Musa, who by then had become Minister of Foreign Affairs, told Quinto that if he did not go to Taipei to fill the position of ambassador, there would be no one else to take the job
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Millennium March on Washington


The Millennium March on Washington was an event to raise awareness and visibility of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people and issues of LGBT rights in the US, it was held April 28 through April 30, 2000 in Washington, DC. The Millennium Pride Festival was held prior to the March, it was a huge event that saw thousands flock to the US capital. A march from the Washington Monument to the front lawn of the United States Capitol took place on April 30, where the crowd was addressed
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The Bank of Washington


The Bank of Washington, later named The National Bank of Washington and abbreviated as NBW, was the first bank established in Washington, DC. After suffering from bank failure in 1990, the bank was acquired by Riggs Bank. The bank was chartered in 1809. Daniel Carroll of Duddington was the first president of the bank. The bank lent $350,000, more than two-thirds of its capital, to the United States Government during the War of 1812. The bank was initially located on Capitol Hill but in 1828,
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Women's Action for New Directions


female state legislators who work together to influence federal policy and budget priorities. Since 1993, WiLL has hosted biennial policy conferences in Washington, DC which bring together state and federal legislators, executive branch members, policy experts, and community leaders. Training workshops, policy briefings, and professional development programs help legislators to become more effective at home and to strengthen working relationships with their Congressional colleagues. Throughout the year various training opportunities are offered in state capitals around the country, in Washington, and via webinar. Georgia State Senator Nan
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Afghanistan–United States relations


diplomatic visit to Kabul. He also took a short tour around the city and met with local Afghans. In 1958, Prime Minister Daoud Khan became the first Afghan to speak before the United States Congress in Washington, DC. His presentation focused on a number of issues, but most importantly, underscored the importance of US-Afghan relations. While in the US capital of Washington, Daoud met with President Dwight Eisenhower, signed an important cultural exchange agreement, and reaffirmed personal relations with Vice President Nixon that had begun during the
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Baldwin County, Georgia


be profitably processed, and it was well-suited to the uplands of Georgia. What became known as the Black Belt of Georgia, an arc of fertile soil, was one of the destinations for slaves being sold from the Upper South, as well as from the Low Country. The county seat of Milledgeville is the former state capital of Georgia (1804–1868). Other than Washington, DC, it is the only planned capital city in the United States. Because of its central location within the state and its abundant supply
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List of capitals in the United States


Washington, D.C. has been the federal capital city of the United States since 1802. Each U.S. state has its own capital city, as do many of its insular areas. Historically, most states have not changed their capital city since becoming a state, but the capital cities of their respective preceding colonies, territories, kingdoms, and republics typically changed multiple times. There have also been other governments within the current borders of the United States with their own capitals, such as the Republic of Texas, Native American nations, and
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Capital Airlines


nonstop between Tampa and Atlanta, Cleveland and Pittsburgh, and nonstop between Jacksonville and Atlanta. When completed on June 1, 1961, the merger of the second and fifth-largest airlines in the U.S. was the largest airline merger in history at that time. Despite a year of planning, all did not go smoothly on merger day. United continued to operate forty-one of Capital's Viscount propjets as well three of Capital's Douglas DC-3s. United soon purchased six Viscounts which Capital had returned to Vickers. United operated three
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Belize–Taiwan relations


that Belize and Taiwan established relations. At that point, Belize only had three overseas missions, in London, Washington DC, and at the United Nations in New York City; Musa, who by then had become Minister of Foreign Affairs, told Quinto that if he did not go to Taipei to fill the position of ambassador, there would be no one else to take the job, and thus he went. Quinto remained Belize's ambassador to Taiwan until 2008, when he retired. His subordinate, "chargé d'affaires"
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United Arab Emirates women's national ice hockey team


The United Arab Emirates women's national ice hockey team is the women's national ice hockey team in United Arab Emirates. In February 2018, the team embarked on an International trip to the UNited States. Their journey began in Washington DC where the team met the Washington Capitals. Their second stop was Chicago, IL. In Chicago the team watched two Blackhawks games, toured the locker rooms, and performed charity work for the community by training the youth players. Fatma Mustapha suffered an injury to the head due to a puck
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RV 144


probability is very different conceptually from a p-value, and cannot be directly compared to the p=.04 from the original analysis). In a study in September 2011, researchers involved with the trial at Mahidol University in Bangkok and the United States Military HIV Research Program in Washington DC tested the blood of trial subjects for different immune indicators between those who received the vaccine and contracted HIV (41 subjects) and those who did not become infected (205 subjects). Their work is not complete, but those in the study
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Fictional characters in the Southern Victory Series


Jr. rapidly advanced through the ranks, rising to the top of the chain of command by virtue of his glory in 1881 and through the magic of his family's name, which would prove thicker than merit in the caste-world of the Confederacy. When the world went to war in 1914, Stuart was in charge of the War Department. He unleashed the Army of Northern Virginia north through Washington, DC and Maryland in a move aimed at capturing Philadelphia, the de facto capital of the United States. In 1915,
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Edwin Stanton


of secession, declaring themselves to no longer be a part of the United States. On February 18 Jefferson Davis was sworn in as the President of the Confederate States. Meanwhile, Washington was astir with talk of coups and conspiracies. Stanton thought that discord would ravage the capital on February 13, when electoral votes were being counted; nothing happened. Again, Stanton thought, when Lincoln was sworn in on March 4 there would be violence; this did not come to pass. Lincoln's inauguration did give Stanton a flickering of
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Archibald Grimké


graduated from college, Grimké became increasingly active as a leader in the NAACP, which was founded in 1909. First he was active in Boston, for instance, writing letters in protest of proposed legislation in Washington, DC. to prohibit interracial marriages. (The legislation was not passed.) In 1913, he was recruited by national leaders to become the president of the Washington, DC branch and moved to the capital with his daughter Angelina. His brother Francis and his wife Charlotte still lived there. Grimke led the public
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Environmental Film Festival in the Nation's Capital


Each March in Washington, DC, the Environmental Film Festival in the Nation's Capital hosts the largest environmental film festival in the United States, presenting more than 100 films to an audience of over 30,000. Often combined with thematic discussions and social events, the films screen at museums, embassies, libraries, universities and local theaters. The Environmental Film Festival in the Nation’s Capital is the world’s premier showcase of environmentally themed films. Through the annual festival, year-round events, and online resources, they seek to
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District of Columbia Public Schools


District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) is the local, traditional public school system of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. DCPS should not be confused with the independently governed DC Public Charter Schools (DCPCS), which also operates in Washington, D.C. District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) consists of 111 of the 238 public elementary and secondary schools and learning centers located in Washington, D.C. These schools have a grade span of prekindergarten to twelfth grade and, as of 2000, a kindergarten entrance age
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Kiki Carter


, 1980 with Carter performing the solo. The same year, Carter was one of eight national finalists in the Tubist Universal Brotherhood Association's national collegiate solo contest for euphonium. Carter graduated from the University of Florida in March 1981 and briefly did post-baccalaureate work as a theater major, before leaving to audition for euphonium jobs in Washington D.C. military service bands. She started studying with Brian Bowman, euphonium soloist of the United States Air Force Band in Washington DC. During her studies in DC, Carter worked as a governess
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Norfolk & Washington Steamboat Company


The Norfolk & Washington Steamboat Company was a Steamboat company which transported of passengers and freight between Washington, DC and Norfolk, Virginia on the Potomac River. The company was organized in the Spring of 1889 and charter in 1890 with the capital largely coming from Washingtonians. A bill was introduced on January 4, 1890 for incorporation in the Virginia State Senate. The object of the company was to equip and operate a line of steamers for the transport of passengers and freight between Washington, DC and Norfolk, Virginia on the Potomac River
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Capital Airlines


ex-PCA/Capital DC-3s for one year after the merger. United had retired its last DC-3s in the 1950s. Because of the need to operate CAB route award AM-34, it suddenly became the last major United States airline to operate the DC-3. In 1981, former employees formed the Capital Airlines Association to preserve their memories of the old carrier. A retired United Airlines pilot, Milt Marshall, bought the Capital trademark and operated a charter business under the Capital name out of Waterbury-Oxford Airport in Connecticut. In a
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Supreme Court of the United States


serve. In his place, Washington later nominated James Iredell. The Supreme Court held its inaugural session from February 2 through February 10, 1790, at the Royal Exchange in New York City, then the U.S. capital. A second session was held there in August 1790. The earliest sessions of the court were devoted to organizational proceedings, as the first cases did not reach it until 1791. When the national capital moved to Philadelphia in 1790, the Supreme Court did so as well. After initially meeting at Independence Hall,
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Birmingham riot of 1963


enforce. New York City Congressman Adam Clayton Powell warned that if Kennedy did not move quickly on civil rights in Birmingham, as well as nationally, then riots would spread throughout the country, including to the capital in Washington, DC. Malcolm X affirmed Powell's warning, as well as his criticism of the president. Malcolm cited the federal response to the Birmingham crisis as evidence of skewed priorities: President Kennedy did not send troops to Alabama when dogs were biting black babies. He waited three weeks until the situation exploded.
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James Greenleaf


James Greenleaf (June 9, 1765 – September 17, 1843) was an important early American land speculator, particularly in the newly designated capital of Washington, DC after 1790. A member of a prominent and wealthy Boston family, he married a Dutch noblewoman (whom he later abandoned and then divorced) and served briefly as consul at the United States embassy in Amsterdam. After his return to the United States, Greenleaf engaged in land speculation in the District of Columbia, New York state, and other areas. He was
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Front Mission


the Oceania Cooperative Union in 2019 and finally consolidates as a political union in 2026. In the localized version of "Front Mission 3", the OCU's full name is presented as "Oceana Community Union". The localized versions of subsequent games use the current naming convention instead. United States of the New Continent The United States of the New Continent (USN) is a supranational union of North and South American countries. The USN capital, where the USN Central Government operates, is Washington DC. The union's roots
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Leesburg, Virginia


United States Government and its archives (including the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution and portraits of early American leaders like Benjamin Franklin) when it was forced to flee Washington, D.C. in the face of the British Army. Some websites have claimed that this resulted in Leesburg temporarily becoming the capital of United States, however these claims are not true as none of the U.S. Government bodies were present in Leesburg at the time. When reconstruction began on the Capitol, Potomac Marble from quarries just south of Leesburg was used. Early
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Lead contamination in Washington, D.C. drinking water


West areas. This was done as a precaution to citizens since the water did test positive for many different harmful contaminants in the tested areas. In 2018, DC Water's Drinking Water Quality Report states that there is infrastructure in Washington, DC that contains lead that may impact the drinking water in certain areas. Tips for how to prevent contamination are provided on the report. All the lead pipes in Washington, DC have not been replaced and those that remain may cause problems for those consuming the water. DC Water created an
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Woodward & Lothrop


Woodward & Lothrop was a department store chain headquartered in Washington, D.C. Woodward & Lothrop was the capital's first department store, opening in 1887. Woodies, as it was often nicknamed, maintained stores in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Its flagship store was a fixture of the shopping district in downtown Washington, with Garfinckel's, and in the late 1990s the center of controversy over competing visions for DC's urban renewal. Samuel Walter Woodward (1848 – August 2, 1917) and Alvin Mason Lothrop (1847–1912)
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Tim Tate


Tim Tate (born 1960) is an American artist and the co-founder of the Washington Glass School in the Greater Washington, DC capital area. The school was founded in 2001 and is now the second largest warm glass school in the United States. Tate was diagnosed as HIV positive in 1989 and was told that he had a year left to live. As a result, Tate decided to begin working with glass in order to leave a legacy behind. Over a decade ago, Tate began incorporating video and embedded electronics
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Inside U.S.A. (book)


reportage and armchair travel literature." The book sold over 500,000 copies. It was followed by "Inside Asia" in 1939 and "Inside Latin America" in 1941. Gunther started to plan "Inside U.S.A." as early as 1936, when his idea was to create a two-part book, with the first part focused on the power structure of Washington, DC, and the second part a "snapshot" of the entirety of the United States. He did not begin serious work on the project until 1944,
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Do the Write Thing


two finalists from each city—one boy and one girl—along with their teacher and parent, are honored at a national recognition ceremony in Washington, DC. While in Washington, DC, the DTWT National Ambassadors visit the United States Library of Congress, The United States Supreme Court, the United States Capitol and the Kuwait Embassy. Their essays are published in one volume, which is then presented to the Library of Congress. The Challenge is the idea of Daniel Q. Callister, a Washington lawyer who says its purpose is
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11th Special Operations Intelligence Squadron


Command. At the time, it was unique among Air Force intelligence squadrons in that it did not report to Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency. Growth in special operations missions and in reconnaissance operations in support of the Global War on Terrorism led to the unit becoming one of the fastest growing Air Force units. The unit expanded to include detachments at Fort Bragg, North Carolina and Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico. In addition, the unit is affiliated with the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in Washington, DC
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List of landlocked U.S. states


A landlocked State is any state whose territorial boundaries do not touch an ocean, gulf, or bay. All of the landlocked states in the U.S. are situated in the contiguous United States contiguous 48 states]] on the North American mainland. 16 states and the federal capital, Washington dc are considered to be singly landlocked given that one must travel through only one other U.S. state, Mexican state, or Canadian province to reach an ocean, gulf, or bay. One state, Hawaii , is completely insular, meaning it
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Mythology and commemorations of Benjamin Banneker


that he sent to Joel Barlow in 1809, three years after Banneker's death. L'Enfant did not leave the United States after ending his work on the federal capital city's plan. Soon afterwards, he began to plan the city of Paterson, New Jersey. The United States Congress acknowledged the work that he had performed when preparing his plan for the city of Washington by voting to pay him for his efforts. In 1887, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey created and distributed a facsimile of a manuscript plan for the
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Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)


Interstate 495 (I-495) is a Interstate Highway that surrounds Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States of America, and its inner suburbs in adjacent Maryland and Virginia. I-495 is widely known as the Capital Beltway, or simply the Beltway, especially when the context of Washington, D.C., is clear. It is the basis of the phrase "inside the Beltway", used when referring to issues dealing with American government and politics. I-95 utilizes the southern and eastern half of the Capital Beltway to circumnavigate Washington,
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Military Information Division (United States)


The Military Information Division (MID) was the first military intelligence branch of the United States Army and the United States Department of War, operating from 1885 to 1903. The MID was established by Brigadier General Richard C. Drum, the then Adjutant General of the United States Army in October 1885 under his office in Washington, DC. Thus becoming the de facto first standing military intelligence agency of the United States. While the Union Army had a Bureau of Military Information, it reported to the Commanding General for less than a year
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Bassey Ikpi


. Ikpi was born in Ikom, Cross River State, Nigeria, on August 3, 1976, to a Nigerian family who were originally from Ugep. When she was four years old, she relocated with her parents to the Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States where she lived until she was 13. Then she moved to Greenbelt, Maryland, a suburb of Washington DC. She attended the University of Maryland, Baltimore Country to study English. While in college, she began performing her poetry on the Baltimore and Washington DC open
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Serge Mombouli


Serge Mombouli has been the Republic of the Congo's ambassador to the United States since 2001. He lives in Washington, D.C. He has two children with his wife Stella Mombouli. Ambassador Serge Mombouli prior to become the Chief of his country (The Republic of Congo) diplomatic mission to The United States, Canada and Mexico (with residence in Washington DC) was businessman in Houston Texas, where he made his fortune in Oil and Gas Business and by facilitating contract negotiations for major corporation worldwide with clients and partners from Japan to
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Sun Day


did." and that solar power was the "... one solution to the economic problems of the United States" Other events on the National Mall included a Marathon, speeches by Sen. Ted Kennedy and Ralph Nader, and a concert with Jackson Browne. In DC, the event was so popular that it resulted in a single day ridership record for Metrorail of 197,201, breaking the record set a month earlier; but the record would only last for 5 weeks, when it was broken by the Washington Bullets NBA Championship victory parade
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Theo Holm


was employed as assistant botanist by the U.S. National Museum. In 1893 when he received American citizenship. From 1893-1897, he was assistant pathologist with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). He obtained his Ph.D. in botany from the Catholic University of America in Washington D.C. in 1902. He then moved to the countryside of Brookland, DC and later in Clinton, Maryland and did assistant work as a botanist for the Smithsonian Institution and the USDA. Although a Lutheran, in 1932 he joined the faculty of the
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The Madison Washington, D.C.


The Madison Washington DC, a Hilton Hotel is a luxury hotel located in Washington, D.C., in the United States. Built as The Madison Hotel in 1963, it was known as the Loews Madison Hotel until September 2017, when the hotel was sold and assumed its current name. The hotel is now part of the Hilton Hotels & Resorts chain. Built in 1963 as The Madison Hotel, the hotel was opened by President John F. Kennedy. The hotel has hosted every President of the United States since then. It was
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Dieudonné Ganga


Dieudonné-Antoine Ganga (born 1946?) is a Congolese political figure and diplomat. He briefly served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1992. In 1992, Ganga briefly served in the transitional government headed by André Milongo as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Later, he was later appointed by President Pascal Lissouba as the Congo-Brazzaville's Ambassador to the United States from April 1996 to 1997. After arriving in the United States capital of Washington, DC on 22 April 1996, Ganga presented
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George Weigel


Fellow and Chair of Catholic Studies at the Ethics and Public Policy Center in Washington, DC. Each summer, Weigel and several other Catholic intellectuals from the United States, Poland, and across Europe conduct the Tertio Millennio Seminar on the Free Society in Kraków, in which they and an assortment of students from the United States, Poland, and several other emerging democracies in Central and Eastern Europe discuss Christianity within the context of liberal democracy and capitalism, with the papal encyclical "Centesimus annus" being the focal point. Weigel and
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APEC China 2001


, Prague, and Genoa. Even China, the only economy to experience rapid growth in the region through the period thanks to various protections against capital flight, saw weaker-than-projected growth and made efforts to improve non-performing loans in its banking system and its dependency on trade with the United States. The leaders' meeting for APEC China 2001 was held shortly after the September 11th Attacks on New York City and Washington, DC, in the United States, which quickly led to a "War on Terror"
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United States Penitentiary, Big Sandy


. The facility houses a large number of people who were convicted of crimes in Washington, D.C. due to the National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997, which gave the Federal Bureau of Prisons custody of sentenced DC felons. As of 2013 up to about 33% had been convicted of DC crimes. Additionally, many federal inmates are sent there because they have been convicted of violent crimes and are now serving long sentences. Numerous violent incidents, mostly stabbings, have occurred at USP Big Sandy since it opened
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Rosemary Hollis


. Before moving to the United States, she held various research positions in the media and commerce in London, having also worked for the advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi. She gained a PhD in Political Science from George Washington University in Washington, DC, where she was also a lecturer in Political Science and International Affairs (1980-1989). In 1990 She returned to the United Kingdom, to become the head of the Middle East programme at the Royal United Services Institute for Defense Studies, a position she held until 1995
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Kim Spencer


between Russian scientists and the first global conference on “nuclear winter” sponsored by Carl Sagan and Paul R. Ehrlich in Washington, DC (1982). More than a dozen spacebridges culminated with the Emmy Award-winning "Capital to Capital" series, six programs linking the United States Congress with the USSR Supreme Soviet that appeared live on ABC News and Gosteleradio (1987–88). Spencer was a coordinating producer at the launch of the ABC News weekly series "Prime Time Live" in 1989, responsible for coordination of major productions
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Virginia in the American Civil War


from Montgomery, Alabama to Richmond in May 1861, despite its dangerous northern location 100 miles south of the United States capital in Washington, DC. It was mainly for this industrial reason that the Confederates fought so hard to defend the city. The capital of the Confederacy could easily be moved again if necessary, but Richmond's industry and factories could not be moved. Richmond was the only large-scale industrial city controlled by the Confederacy during most of the Civil War. The city's warehouses were the supply and logistical center
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Charles Lang Freer


his initial bequest offer. James McMillan, Freer's friend, US Senator, and partner in the Michigan Car Company, championed the idea of a shaping Washington, DC into a beautiful capital city. His influence helped guide Freer's offer towards Washington. Negotiations continued for the next five months, stalled briefly by Samuel P. Langley, the director of the Smithsonian Institution. In May 1906, the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution accepted Freer's gift on behalf of the United States Government. Freer's gift, provided not only his
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Gao Zhan (alleged spy)


Gao Zhan (Chinese: 高瞻) is a researcher who worked at the American University in Washington, DC. In 2001, the government of the People's Republic of China detained her for 166 days on the grounds that she was spying for Taiwan. At that time, she was widely regarded as a political dissident. Upon her release through medical parole, she was scheduled to become a naturalized citizen of the United States, but the ceremony was quickly cancelled. The reason for this became apparent in late 2003, when Gao
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Robert Chote


Hopkins University in the United States. Chote began his career as a reporter and columnist at "The Independent", and was named Young Financial Journalist of the Year in 1993 when working for the "Independent on Sunday" by the Wincott Foundation. He then moved to the "Financial Times" to become Economics Editor in 1995. From 1999 he served as an adviser to the senior management of the International Monetary Fund in Washington DC, where he worked under Stanley Fischer and Anne Krueger. Chote was appointed director of the Institute
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Al Jazeera English


Former U.S. Marine Josh Rushing joined Al Jazeera in September 2005. He had been the press officer for the United States Central Command during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, and in that role had been featured in the documentary "Control Room". When subsequently joining Al Jazeera, Rushing commented that "In a time when American media has become so nationalized, I'm excited about joining an organization that truly wants to be a source of global information..." Rushing worked from the Washington DC broadcasting centre until the formation of Al Jazeera
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Thailand in World War II


London delivered Phibun's declaration of war to the British government, the Thai ambassador in Washington DC, Seni Pramoj, refused to do so. Accordingly, the United States did not declare war on Thailand. With American assistance, Seni, a conservative aristocrat with well established anti-Japanese credentials, organised the Free Thai Movement in the United States, recruiting Thai students to work with the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Seni was able to achieve this because the State Department decided to act as if Seni continued
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Legacy of George Washington


to the Black Hills in 1927. U.S. Senator Peter Norbeck ("South Dakota") kept the Mount Rushmore project going in times when federal funding was sparse. Many places and entities have been named in honor of Washington. Washington's name became that of the nation's capital, Washington, D.C., one of two national capitals across the globe to be named after an American president (the other is Monrovia, Liberia). The state of Washington is the only state to be named after a United States president. George
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District of Columbia National Guard


partners in the National Capital Region (NCR). Additionally, JTF-DC provides support, including traffic control, crowd management and security, for presidential inaugurations and related official ceremonies and events throughout the inaugural period, continuing the tradition of military participation in the presidential inauguration of the commander-in-chief dating back to the inauguration of George Washington in 1789. The State Partnership Program (SPP) is a joint program of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) and the individual states, territories, and District of
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Phoebe Judson


first governor of Washington. On the advice of the Grand Mounders, Stevens set up a temporary capital in Olympia (which would eventually become the official state capital). After building a log cabin in Grand Mound, however, the Judsons discovered that the ground was gravelly and infertile. In 1854 they moved south to Claquato, Washington, along the Chehalis River. Here the ground was fertile, but the scenery did not meet the criteria for Judson's "ideal home". The ground was so fertile, in fact,
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Capital punishment by the United States military


Abraham Lincoln were executed in Washington DC by hanging by the military. On 6 September 1865 two US Army deserters are hanged in Ohio on murder charges by the military On 20 October 1865 Champ Ferguson was hanged in Tenn on murder charges by the Military. On 29 October 1865 Henry Magruder was hanged in Ky for guerrilla activities by the military. On 10 November 1865 Henry Wirz, Commander of Camp Anderson (aka Andersonville POW Camp, Georgia) was tried, convicted and executed by hanging by the military. The United States Army
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List of Hydra members


covered in a Darkforce dome which trapped the heroes present. Then they attacked Washington DC so that Hydra can secure the capital to complete Hydra's takeover of the United States. The Army of Evil was kept in stasis pods until Hydra Supreme gave orders to awaken them so that they can help Hydra fight the heroes. Before Baron Zemo can complete the job, he is thwarted by Black Panther and Winter Soldier. Among the known members are: After Captain America reveals himself as the Hydra Supreme and took control of the United States
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Charles Coffin Harris


May 21, 1867. The ratification of this treaty by the Hawaii legislature was delayed because the presence of the American warship was seen as a show of force. Harris in the meanwhile proceeded to Washington, DC where he found the United States Senate did not have the two-thirds vote needed to ratify the treaty. Harris returned to Honolulu when congress recessed on in July, 1868. On December 21, 1869, he was shuffled from minister of finance to minister of foreign affairs as Charles de Varigny returned to France.
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Jonathan Granoff


the United States House of Representatives Taskforce on Non-proliferation. May 4, 2007, Washington, DC: Moderator of Special Showcase Presentation with at the American Bar Association Section of the International Law Spring Meeting. March 28, 2007, Washington, DC: delivered at Beyond Nuclear Weapons Conferences hosted by the Project for Nuclear Awareness. March 15, 2007, Washington, DC: prepared Remarks to the Organization of American States. February 10, 2007: published at "CommonDreams.org". 2007: in Ives, D. (Ed
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National Restaurant Association


, widely referred to as "the other NRA" to distinguish itself from National Rifle Association, which shares the initialism, is a powerful lobbying force in Washington, DC, and in state capitals. It is very active in fighting efforts to retain the minimum wage in the United States as well as laws requiring paid sick leave. In July 2013, it boasted that it had successfully lobbied against raises in the minimum wage in 27 of 29 states and blocked paid sick leave legislation in 12 states. It also takes credit for
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Apollo 11


of the United States, visiting 49 state capitals, the District of Columbia, and Anchorage, Alaska. In 1971, it was transferred to the Smithsonian Institution, and was displayed at the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) in Washington, DC. It was in the central "Milestones of Flight" exhibition hall in front of the Jefferson Drive entrance, sharing the main hall with other pioneering flight vehicles such as the "Wright Flyer", "Spirit of St. Louis", Bell X-1, North American X-15 and
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Capital Fringe Festival


The Capital Fringe Festival is a fringe theatre festival held in Washington, DC, United States, every summer in July since 2006. The festival has grown in audience size, number of shows produced and in length over its three years. The July 2008 festival sold 21,500 tickets (up from 18,983 in 2006), lasted eighteen days (up from ten in 2006) and added 30% more featured artists from the 2007 festival. The 2008 festival also saw the debut of the "Pick of the Fringe" audience awards.
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Clint Crisher


and Home. Crisher performed along major DJ's and club promoters saw him and started hiring him for larger performances. His career as a dance performance artist and club personality began in Washington, DC, continued in Miami at Crobar and eventually landed him in Los Angeles. Crisher performed on the main stage with the United States Capitol building in the background for the 1999 and 2003 Capital Pride annual LGBT pride festival in Washington, D.C. with over 150,000 attendees and also in July 2002 Crisher performed as part of the Billboard Dance Music Summit
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Theater Alliance of Washington, DC


Theater Alliance is a non-profit professional theater in Washington, DC, professionally incorporated in 2000 with the goal of producing work that would illuminate the experiences, philosophies and interests of DC's diverse population. That goal was furthered in 2002, when Theater Alliance moved from its home at the Capitol Hill Arts Workshop to become the sole theater-in-residence at the H Street Playhouse. Once the H Street Playhouse closed, Theater Alliance moved to Southeast DC, where it has been the theater-in-residence at the
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Angus Dun


Angus Dun (May 4, 1892, New York – August 12, 1971, Washington) was a noted United States clergyman and author, who served as the 4th Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Washington in Washington, DC. Angus Dun, son of Henry W. and Sarah R. (Hazard) Dun, was born in New York City. His father was associated with a cousin, Robert G. Dun, in the credit-rating firm of R. G. Dun & Co. (later merged to become Dun & Bradstreet).
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Patrick Francis Healy


1858. His mixed-race ancestry had become an issue in the United States, where tensions were rising over slavery. He attended the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, earning his doctorate, becoming the first American of openly acknowledged part-African descent to do so. During this period he was also ordained to the priesthood on September 3, 1864. In 1866 Healy returned to the United States and taught philosophy at Georgetown University in Washington, DC. On July 31, 1874, he was selected as the school's
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Architectural propaganda


the Hellenic Republic in Washington, DC has hosted lectures on the topic of Greek architectural influence on the Western World and in the United States in particular. Their website says, "Thomas Jefferson once wrote that “design activity and political thought are indivisible.” He believed that architecture was an important vehicle for expressing political ideals, and he worked to ensure that Washington, as the seat of the American democracy, would become a city of stately and sophisticated buildings based on classical precedents." It can clearly be seen that while
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Jane Tonge Thompson


ball. 6 Nov 1807, Jane married him. Jane left England in 1818 for America. Pishey Thompson moved to the United States in 1819. It was suggested, in 1864, that the Jane traveled to the United States before her husband did, on the advice of a physician who believed the climate would be more salubrious than the fennish climate of Lincolnshire, and that the climate benefited her so greatly that Pishey decided to move to the United States for her. The couple primarily resided in Washington, DC. In 1823
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The Red Detachment of Women (1970 film)


from Nan Batian, an evil landlord, and becomes the leader of a women’s militia, under the guidance of Hong Changqing, a Communist Party secretary. When Richard Nixon, the 37th President of the United States, visited China in 1972, he was entertained with a stage production of "Red Detachment of Women", and Xue Jinghua performed as Wu Qinghua in the ballet. On 11 November 2012, in Washington, DC, a panel discussion with Ambassador Chas W. Freeman, Dr. Chi Wang, Dr. Carma Hinton,
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Chun Afong


shortly afterward to become a diplomatic agent for the Chinese government in Hawaii. He was appointed commercial agent (shangdong) for China by the Chinese Minister to the United States in Washington, DC, Chen Lanbin, on August 13, 1879. He was not recognized by the Hawaiian government until mid-February 1880 when he was issued an exequatur. He resigned as consul on March 1882. Ultimately, the Aki opium scandal (in which his son Chun Alung was involved) became one of the corruption charges leading to the July
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The Capital Grille


, Inc. According to "The Washington Business Journal", the chain was acquired by Darden Restaurants as a "part of a $1.19 billion acquisition of RARE Hospitality in 2007". The Capital Grille operates under the Specialty Restaurant Group division of Darden. In August 2018, a spinoff restaurant called The Capital Burger was opened in Washington, DC. As of May 2019 there were 59 locations. In 2012, employees in five states filed lawsuits against the company alleging racial discrimination and wage violations. The lawsuit alleges that the company
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L'Enfant Plan


The L'Enfant Plan for the city of Washington is the urban plan developed in 1791 by Major Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant for George Washington, the first President of the United States. Major L'Enfant was a French engineer who served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. In 1789, discussions were underway regarding a new federal capital city for the United States, and L'Enfant wrote to President Washington asking to be commissioned to plan the city. However, any decision on the capital was put on hold until July 1790 when
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Guillaume Gallozzi


and mounted notable exhibitions until 1988, when the Gallozzi-La Placa Gallery ceased active operations. In the meantime, however, Stan Peskett had introduced Gallozzi to the drama of war art, specifically to British war artists and, in 1989, working with The British Council USA (cultural department of the British Embassy in Washington DC) and its then cultural affairs officer Barbara Rosen, Gallozzi mounted a show of British war artists at the National Museum of the United States Navy in Washington DC. Several of Gallozzi's catalogs, including
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Melpar


Melpar was an American government contractor in the 20th century Cold War period. At a time when most employment in Washington, DC was directly by the US federal government, Melpar became an early private sector contracting company training a high technology workforce in the area. In 1945, after the conclusion of World War II, the founders of Melpar Inc (Thomas Meloy and Joseph Parks), at the suggestion of the United States Navy, moved from New York City to the Washington, DC area to obtain government contracts. Meloy had
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List of places named after Pope John Paul II


largest campuses are located at the Lateran University in Rome, Italy and Catholic University of America in Washington, DC, United States. Affiliated campuses are found in Australia, Benin, Brazil, India, Mexico and Spain. There is also a Saint John Paul II National Shrine in the United States capital. John Paul the Great Catholic University is a rededicated degree-granting institution in San Diego, California. Several John Paul II Catholic Centres may be found on college and university campuses around the world, usually serving students and staff
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Racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces


n't know how to run; they will die by their guns first." The Commodore was correct, the men did not run, one such man was young sailor Harry Jones a free black. Jones was wounded in the final action at the Battle of Bladensburg when Commodore Barney's Naval and Marine contingent were overrun. He remained a patient at the Naval Hospital Washington DC for nearly two months. African Americans like Charles Ball and Harry Jones, despite prejudice and segregation played a significant role in the Battle of Bladensburg and the
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