who presented the 1st budget of independent india
Government of India


presents the annual union budget in the parliament on the last working day of February. However, for the F.Y. 2017-18, this tradition had been changed. Now budget will be presented on the 1st day of February. The budget has to be passed by the Lok Sabha before it can come into effect on 1 April, the start of India's fiscal year. The Union budget is preceded by an economic survey which outlines the broad direction of the budget and the economic performance of the country for the outgoing financial year
9016842
Budget Day


has to be passed by the House before it can come into effect on 1 April, the start of India's financial year. The first Union budget of independent India was presented by R. K. Shanmukham Chetty on 26 November 1947. The Union budgets for the fiscal years 1959–61 to 1963–64, inclusive of the interim budget for 1962–63, were presented by Morarji Desai. On 29 February in 1964 and 1968, he became the only finance minister to present the Union budget on his birthday. Vyas presented budgets that included five annual budgets
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Union budget of India


, normally during an election year, successive governments have avoided making any major changes in income tax laws during an interim budget. , Morarji Desai has presented 10 budgets which is the highest count followed by P Chidambaram's 9 and Pranab Mukherjee's 8. Yashwant Sinha, Yashwantrao Chavan and C.D. Deshmukh have presented 7 budgets each while Manmohan Singh and T.T. Krishnamachari have presented 6 budgets. The first Union budget of independent India was presented by R. K. Shanmukham Chetty on November 26, 1947. The Union budgets for the fiscal years 1959
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Our Feature Presentation


Our Feature Presentation is a 2008 independent comedy film directed by Gardner Loulan and written by Gardner Loulan and Joseph Brady. "Our Feature Presentation" is a low-budget independent film. Cast and crew include many professionals and volunteers. The director is Gardner Loulan who is a host for NBC's show "1st Look". During production Gardner was a VJ and writer on the MTV college station, MTVU. The entire film was cast and shot in 2006 in Palo Alto, California: auditions for cast were held April 28–30
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Ministry of Finance (India)


first budget of independent India on 26 November 1947. The Union Finance Ministry of India comprises five departments. The Department of Economic Affairs is the nodal agency of the Union Government to formulate and monitor country's economic policies and programmes having a bearing on domestic and international aspects of economic management. A principal responsibility of this Department is the preparation and presentation of the Union Budget (including Railway Budget) to the parliament and budget for the state Governments under President's Rule and union territory administrations. Other main functions include: The Foreign
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Union budget of India


February 2015. The Union Budget of India for 2016–2017 was presented by Arun Jaitley on 29 February 2016. The Union Budget of India for 2017–2018 was presented by Arun Jaitley on 1 February 2017. The Union Budget of India for 2018–2019 was presented by Arun Jaitley on 1 February 2018. The Interim Union Budget for 2019–2020 was presented by Piyush Goyal on 1 February 2019. The Union Budget for 2019–2020 was presented by Nirmala Sitharaman on 5 July 2019. Until the year 1999, the Union Budget was announced at 5:00 pm on the
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John Mathai


John Mathai CIE (1886-1959) was an economist who served as India's first Railway Minister and subsequently as India's Finance Minister, taking office shortly after the presentation of India's first Budget, in 1948. Mathai was born into a Syrian Anglican family and graduated in economics from the University of Madras. He served as a Professor and Head in University of Madras from 1922 to 1925. He presented two Budgets as India's Finance Minister, but resigned following the 1950 Budget in protest against the increasing power of the
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Union budget of India


2012–2013 was presented by Pranab Mukherjee, on 16 March 2012, which was the 7th budget of his career. These budgetary proposals would be applicable for financial year 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013. The Union Budget of India for 2013–2014 was presented by P. Chidambaram on 28 February 2013. The Interim Union Budget for 2014–2015 was presented on February 17, 2014. The Union Budget of India for 2014–2015 was presented by Arun Jaitley on 10 July 2014. The Union Budget of India for 2015–2016 was presented by Arun Jaitley on 28
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Railway budget of India


Minister Suresh Prabhu said that his merger proposal was in the long term interest of railways as well as the country’s economy. Following the recommendation of the Acworth Committee in 1920-21, headed by British railway economist William Acworth The "Acworth Report" led to reorganisation of railways, the railway finances were separated from the general government finances in 1924. After that in 1924 the budget was announced, a practice that continued till 2016. John Mathai presented the first Railway Budget for independent India in November 1947. The first live
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Budget Day


Budget Day is the day that a government presents its budget to a legislature for approval, typically in a ceremonial fashion. It only exists in some countries of the world. The Union Budget of India, referred to as the Annual Financial Statement in Article 112 of the Constitution of India, is the annual budget of the Republic of India, presented each year on the very first day of February by the Finance Minister of India in Parliament. The budget, which is presented by means of the Financial Bill and the Appropriation bill
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Union budget of India


The Union Budget of India, also referred to as the "Annual Financial Statement" in the Article 112 of the Constitution of India, is the annual budget of the Republic of India. The Government presents it on the first day of February so that it could be materialised before the beginning of new financial year in April. Until 2016 it was presented on the last working day of February by the President in Parliament. The budget, which is presented by means of the Finance bill and the Appropriation bill has to be passed
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R. K. Shanmukham Chetty


Nehru, to be the Finance Minister in independent India's first cabinet. However, due to conflict of views with Nehru, Chetty quit after a short time. Shanmukham Chetty is, today, remembered for presenting the first budget of independent India on 26 November 1947. Chetty returned to state politics and was re-elected to the Madras state legislative assembly in the 1952 elections as an independent candidate. In the Constituent Assembly, Chetty he intervened on the issues of fiscal federalism. Shanmukham Chetty suffered a severe heart attack on 3
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2015 Union budget of India


2015 Union budget of India refers to 2015–2016 Union budget of India. The beginning of the budget printing began on 19 February 2015 with the traditional halwa ceremony. From 20 February until the presentation of budget about 100 government employees remained locked up in the North Block of the Secretariat Building, New Delhi, which houses the budget printing press, to maintain secrecy. The budget was presented on 28 February by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley. "See also: Income Tax In India" There was no change in income tax slabs of individuals
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Union budget of India


March 1998 that led to the Bharatiya Janata Party forming the Central Government, Yashwant Sinha, the then Finance Minister in this government, presented the interim and final budgets for 1998-99. After general elections in 1999, Sinha again became the Finance Minister and presented four annual budgets from 1999-2000 to 2002-2003. Due to elections in May 2004, an interim budget was presented by Jaswant Singh. Former Finance Minister Morarji Desai presented the budget ten times, the most by any. The Union Budget of India for
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Union budget of India


-61 to 1963-64, inclusive of the interim budget for 1962-63, were presented by Morarji Desai.On February 29 in 1964 and 1968, he became the only finance minister to present the Union budget on his birthday. Desai presented budgets that included five annual budgets and an interim budget during his first term and three final budgets and one interim budget in his second tenure when he was both the Finance Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister of India. After Desai's resignation, Indira Gandhi, the then Prime
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2017 Union budget of India


2017 Union Budget of India is the It was presented before the parliament on 1 February 2017 by the Finance Minister of India, Arun Jaitley with 21.47 lakh crore rupees (US$336.39 billion) budget size. The Finance Minister of India started speech by quoting "Madam Speaker, On this auspicious day of Vasant Panchami, I rise to present the Budget for 2017-18. Spring is a season of optimism. I extend my warm greetings to everyone on this occasion." In his speech the Finance Minister of India, Arun
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Railway budget of India


Railway budget of India was the Annual Financial Statement of the state-owned Indian Railways, which handles rail transport in India. It was presented every year by the Minister of Railways, representing the Ministry of Railways, in the Parliament. The Railway Budget was presented every year, a few days before the Union budget, till 2016. Modi government on 21 September 2016 approved merger of the Rail and General budgets from next year, ending a 92-year-old practice of a separate budget for the nation’s largest transporter. Railways
9873986
Budget Day


on the last working day of the month of February. This practice was inherited from the Colonial Era when the British Parliament would pass the budget in the noon followed by India in the evening of the day. It was Mr.Yashwant Sinha, the then Finance Minister of India in the NDA government (led by BJP) of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who changed the ritual by announcing the 2001 Union Budget at 11 am. Until the year 2016, the Union Budget was presented in the Lok Sabha on the last working day
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Estimates Committee (India)


not eligible to become a member of the committee. In case a member after his election to the committee becomes a minister, he or she ceases to be a member from the date of such appointment. There are no members from Rajya Sabha Currently the committee is headed by Murli Manohar Joshi from the Bharatiya Janata Party. Although the committee existed pre-independence, post independence, it was established following directives by India's first Minister of Finance, John Mathai. In his speech presenting the budget of 1950–51, Mathai outlined the
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Union budget of India


Minister of India, took over the Ministry of Finance to become the first woman to hold the post of the Finance Minister. Pranab Mukherjee, the first Rajya Sabha member to hold the Finance portfolio, presented the annual budgets for the financial years 1982-83, 1983–84 and 1984-85. Rajiv Gandhi presented the budget for 1987-89, after V. P. Singh quit his government, and in the process became the third Prime Minister to present a budget after his mother and grandfather. N. D. Tiwari presented the budget for
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Bhawani Singh (politician)


Bhawani Singh (born 25 May 1911) was an Indian judge and politician from Rajasthan. A former jagirdar of Pokhran a feudal estate (thikana) in Jodhpur State of Rajasthan in pre-independent India, he became a member of the 1st Lok Sabha, the Lower house of Indian parliament from Barmer-Jalore constituency, after getting elected as an Independent candidate in the 1952 Indian general election. Born in Pokhran to Thakur Chin Singh, Thakur of Pokhran in present Jaisalmer district, who was Pradhan of the Champawat Rathore clan and
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2016 Railway budget of India


2016 Railway Budget of India refers to the Railway Budget of the Indian Railways in the fiscal year 2016–17. The budget was presented by the Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu in the Parliament on 25 February 2016. It was the final Railway Budget of India as after this budget, the Railway Budget got merged with the Union Budget of India. There were no fare hikes. It was announced that the freight tariffs would be changed to make them more competitive to the cost of transport by road. The capital outlay for 2016-17 was
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Ministry of Finance (India)


The Ministry of Finance is an important ministry within the Government of India concerned with the economy of India, serving as the Indian Treasury Department. In particular, it concerns itself with taxation, financial legislation, financial institutions, capital markets, centre and state finances, and the Union Budget. The Ministry of Finance is the apex controlling authority of the Indian Revenue Service, Indian Economic Service, Indian Cost Accounts Service and Indian Civil Accounts Service. R. K. Shanmukham Chetty was the first Finance Minister of independent India. He presented the
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Railway budget of India


telecast took place on 24 March 1994. Lalu Prasad Yadav, who remained Railways Minister from 2004 to May 2009, presented the railway budget 6 times in a row. In 2009, under his tenure a budget was passed. In the year 2000, Mamata Banerjee (later Chief Minister of West Bengal) became the first female Railway Minister. In 2002, she became the first female to present the Railway budget and is the only woman to do so for two different governing coalitions (NDA and UPA). In 2014 budget
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New York City Independent Budget Office


The New York City Independent Budget Office (IBO) is a publicly funded agency of New York City that provides nonpartisan information about the city's budget and local economy to the public and their elected officials. The office has no policymaking role. The Independent Budget Office presents budgetary reviews, economic forecasts, and policy analyses in the form of reports, testimony, memos, letters, and presentations. The agency also releases an annual volume of budget options for New York City, produces guides to understanding the budget, and provides online
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Union budget of India


last working day of the month of February. This practice was inherited from the Colonial Era, Another reason was that until the 1990s, all that budgets seem to do was to raise taxes, a presentation in the evening gave producers and the tax collecting agencies the night to work out the change in prices. It was Mr.Yashwant Sinha, the then Finance Minister of India in the NDA government (led by Bharatiya Janata Party) of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who changed the ritual by announcing the 1999 Union Budget at 11
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Budget Day


, an interim budget during his first stint and one interim budget and three final budgets in his second tenure when he was both the Finance Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India. After Desai's resignation, Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, took over the Ministry of Finance to become the only woman to hold the post of the finance minister. Pranab Mukherjee, the first Rajya Sabha member to hold the Finance portfolio, presented the annual budgets for 1982–83, 1983–84 and 1984–85. Rajiv Gandhi presented the budget for
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Chennai Hazrat Nizamuddin Duronto Express


was part of the Duronto Express series of trains introduced by the then railway minister of India Ms. Mamata Banerjee in the 2009-10 railway budget The 12269 / 70 Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central Railway Station - Hazrat Nizamuddin Duronto Express presently has 1 AC 1st Class, 2 AC 2 tier, 4 AC 3 tier, 8 Sleeper Class & 2 End on Generator Coaches. In addition, it also carries a Pantry car coach. As is customary with most train services in India, Coach Composition may be amended at the discretion
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2016 Union budget of India


2016 Union budget of India is the "annual financial statement" of India for the fiscal year 2016–2017. It was presented before the parliament on 29 February 2016 by the Finance Minister of India, Arun Jaitley. The printing of the budget documents began with a traditional "Halwa ceremony" on 19 February 2016. For Budget 2016-17, the government invited suggestions from citizens through Twitter for the first time, even conducting a series of polls to gauge public priorities and expectations from the Budget. revenue loss through direct tax proposals
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Union budget of India


am. Also again in 2017, departing from the colonial-era tradition of presenting the Union Budget on the last working day of February, Minister of Finance (India) Arun Jaitley, in the NDA government (led by Bharatiya Janata Party) of Narendra Modi government announced that it will now be presented on 1 February. The printing of budget documents starts roughly a week ahead of presenting in the Parliament with a customary 'Halwa ceremony' in which halwa (a sweet dish) is prepared in large quantities and served to
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2018 Union budget of India


The 2018 Union budget of India (IAST: ) was the annual financial statement (AFS), demand for grants, appropriation bill and finance bill of India for the financial year 2018-19. It was presented to Parliament on 1 February 2018 by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley. The 2018 budget was considered to be a crucial one, as it would be the first since the rollout of the Goods and Service Tax (GST) regime in India. It was widely expected that the budget would either increase the exemption limit,
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Arki, India


. These murals are prime attraction among tourists even today. The Last ruler of Baghal was Shri Raja Rajander Singh (1928–2010) who overhauled the administration and introduced radical constitutional reforms. After Indian independence he was an M.L.A., 1st Commandant General of Home Guards, Director of Civil Defence. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Rana Kishan Singh assisted the British forces and for which he was presented the title of "Raja". Another revolt was suppressed in 1905 with the help of the superintendent of Shimla Hill States. This was
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Sir Samuel Barnardiston, 1st Baronet


was on the committee of the East India Company; from 1668 to 1670 he was deputy-governor, and came prominently before the public in Skinner's Case. Thomas Skinner, an independent English merchant, had had his ships confiscated by the company's agents for infringing its trading monopolies in India. Skinner appealed for redress to the House of Lords, which had awarded him £5,000 damages against the company. Sir Samuel, on behalf of the East India corporation, then presented a petition to the House of Commons against the
3250856
2009 Union budget of India


The 2009 Union budget of India was presented by the Finance minister, Pranab Mukherjee on 6 July 2009. During 2008–09, the growth rate of GDP of India fell from an average of over 9% in the previous three fiscal years to 6.7%. The wholesale price index of India also witnessed large fluctuations between 13% in August 2008 to 0% in March 2009. The fiscal deficit of Indian government had gone up to 6.1% in March 2009. The budget was preceded by an interim budget by Pranab Mukherjee on 16
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2014 Railway budget of India


2014 Railway Budget of India refers to the Railway Budget of the Indian Railways in the fiscal year 2014–15. The budget was presented in the India Parliament by Railway Minister D. V. Sadananda Gowda on 8 July 2014. The budget emphasized increased amenities for travelers, better safety, and timely completion of projects. There were no fare hikes announced as both passenger and freight fares had been increased the previous month. But, it was announced that fares will be revised twice a year to absorb fuel costs. Gowda criticized previous governments for announcing
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Union budget of India


the economy, encouraged foreign investments and reduced peak import duty from 300 plus percent to 50 percent. After elections in 1996, a non-Congress ministry assumed office. Hence the financial budget for 1996-97 was presented by P. Chidambaram, who then belonged to Tamil Maanila Congress. Following a constitutional crisis when the I. K. Gujral Ministry was on its way out, a special session of Parliament was convened just to pass Chidambaram's 1997-98 budget. This budget was passed without a debate. After the general elections in
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Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award


The Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award is presented to the creative team of a film budgeted at less than $500,000 by the Film Independent, a non-profit organization dedicated to independent film and independent filmmakers. It is named after actor/screenwriter/director John Cassavetes, a pioneer of American independent film. During the first year, the award was given to a feature film that featured a first-time director with the film being budgeted under $500,000. Films budgeted higher were eligible for the Independent Spirit Award for Best First
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Union budget of India


1988-89, S. B. Chavan for 1989-90, while Madhu Dandawate presented the Union budget for 1990-91. Dr. Manmohan Singh became the Finance Minister and presented the interim budget for 1991-92 as elections were forced. Due to political developments, early elections were held in May 1991 following which the Indian National Congress returned to political power and Manmohan Singh, the Finance Minister, presented the budget for 1991-92. Manmohan Singh under P. V. Narasimha Rao, in his next annual budgets from 1992–93, opened
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List of heads of state of India


This is a list of the heads of state of India, from the independence of India in 1947 to the present day. The current head of state of India is Ram Nath Kovind, elected in 2017 after being nominated by BJP, the party run by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. From 1947 to 1950 the head of state under the Indian Independence Act 1947 was King of India, who was also the Monarch of the United Kingdom and of the other Dominions of the British Commonwealth. The monarch was represented in India by a
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Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)


September 1915 for service on the Western Front but sailed for Salonika in November 1915. The 1st Battalion was deployed to Ireland in 1919 during the Irish War of Independence and then went to India in 1931 while the 2nd Battalion was deployed to Mesopotamia in 1919 and then went to India in 1922. The 1st Battalion, which had been in India at the start of the war and was initially commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Galloway, was deployed to Burma as part of the 1st Burma Brigade in the 39th Indian Division in 1942 and
15605017
Saint Thomas Christians


20 March 1948 with President A. J. John, Anaparambil, a Saint Thomas Christian leader in the chair. In the three-member Cabinet of Travancore formed after the first general elections in 1948, Varghese was a Cabinet Minister. However the first Saint Thomas Christian to become a minister in the central government of India was Padma Vibhushan John Mathai, who served as India's first Railway Minister and subsequently as India's Finance Minister, taking office shortly after the presentation of India's first Budget, in 1948. On 1 November 1956
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1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)


from the 3rd Battalion, which subsequently was demobilised along with the 4th and 5th Battalions. In 1947 an agreement, known as the Tripartite Agreement between India, Nepal and the United Kingdom was negotiated in order to determine what would happen to the Gurkhas upon the formalisation of India's Independence. As a result of this agreement it was decided that of the pre-war Gurkha regiments, four would be transferred to the British Army, while six—one of which was the 1st Gurkhas—would become part of the newly independent
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2015 Railway budget of India


2015 Railway Budget of India refers to the Railway Budget of the Indian Railways in the fiscal year 2015–16. The budget was presented by the Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu in the Parliament on 26 February 2015. No new trains were announced. There were no passenger fare hikes announced. Passengers will be allowed to book tickets up to 120 days in advance, an increase from current 2 months. An initiative called the "Operation 5-minute" was announced which would allow ticket bearer passengers to acquire tickets within 5 minutes of entering a station.
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Ministry of Railways (India)


from the general governmental finances, leading to the practice of presenting the Railway Budget separately from the general budget of India every year. The Railway Board was expanded to have a Financial Commissioner, a member in charge of ways, works, stores and projects, and a member in charge of administration, staff, and traffic. Accordingly, from 1 April 1929, the responsibility for the compilation of accounts for the Railways was taken over by the Financial Commissioner, Railways from the Auditor General. In 1924, the railway budget formed
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2019 Interim-Union budget of India


The Interim Union Budget of India for the year 2019 was presented by acting Finance Minister Piyush Goyal on 1 February 2019. Government introduced Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi and Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Mandhan. In the budget, the fiscal deficit for 2019–21 will be 3.94% of GDP. The budget set aside for farmers having up to 2 hectares of land. The amount is available in 3 equal installments of Rs.2000 each under Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi. per month pension after 60 years of age to unorganized sector labor under Pradhan Mantri
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Asigarh Fort


. In 1802 after the Anglo-Maratha Wars, the British East India Company rule seized the fort, but did not take control until 1810 and after which they controlled it till independence of India in 1947. In 1803 Hansi was also the headquarters of Colonel James Skinner CB (1778 – 4 December 1841) the Anglo-Indian military adventurer in India, who founded 1st Skinner's Horse and 3rd Skinner's Horse at Hansi in 1803. These units are still part of the Indian Army. in 1818 was granted a "
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Union budget of India


the officers and support staff involved. They remain isolated and stay in the North Block office until the Budget is presented. Halwa is also served by the Finance Minister. This ceremony is performed as a part of the Indian tradition of having something sweet before starting an important work. Until 2018, as a part of tradition, Finance ministers carried the budget in a leather briefcase. The tradition was established by the first Finance minister of India, Mr. RK Shanmukham Chetty. On 5th July 2019, Nirmala Sitharaman, broke this tradition
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That Four-Letter Word


roles in different cities across India. Sudhish chose to start the film from scratch with a new set of actors, with the decision forcing Abbas to opt out of an acting role in the film. Among the notable new actors who joined the film were theatre actor Sunil Vishnu and video jockey Paloma Rao. Actor Madhavan also shot for a cameo for the final scene in the film. Made at a budget of 3 lakh rupees, it was the first independent digital film to be shot and released digitally in India. The film
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Konijeti Rosaiah


Konijeti is a political disciple of Swatantra Party leader and independence activist N.G. Ranga. He was elected as MLC in 1968, 1974, 1980 and 2009 and as an MLA in 1989 and 2004 from Chirala assembly constituency. In 1998, he was elected as MP from Narasaraopet. During his long political career he interacted and worked closely with most of the Prime Ministers of India, including Jawaharlal Nehru. Konijeti was the President of the Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee (APCC) from 1994 to 1996. Konijeti presented the state budget 16 times
8531364
Dominion of India


the British Raj. The office of Viceroy was abolished on independence. Two governors-general held office between independence and India's transformation into a republic: Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1947–48) and Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1948–50). Jawaharlal Nehru was Prime Minister of India throughout. The Partition of British India on 15 August 1947 led to the creation of two sovereign states, both dominions: Pakistan (which later split into the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh in 1971) and India
14288292
Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood


helped to mediate between Baldwin and the press barons Lords Rothermere and Beaverbrook, who were intriguing for his removal as Conservative leader. Hoare was one of the Conservative negotiators in talks with Ramsay MacDonald in August 1931 over the formation of the National Government. On 26 August 1931 Hoare was appointed Secretary of State for India. At the Second Round Table Conference, Hoare enjoyed good relations with Gandhi. He committed Britain to eventual self-government for India, although this was not enough for Gandhi, who wanted full independence. Lord Lothian
19141752
Nassak Diamond


the Third Anglo-Maratha War. During the Maratha war, the Nassak Diamond disappeared from the Shiva temple. The war ended in 1818 and the British East India Company was left decisively in control of most of India. The Nassak Diamond quickly resurfaced in the possession of Baji Rao II the last independent Indian "Peshwa" Prince, who handed over the diamond to an English colonel named J. Briggs. In turn, Briggs delivered the diamond to Francis Rawdon-Hastings, the 1st Marquess of Hastings who had conducted the military operations
6070163
Indian Liberal Group


Prof. B. R. Shenoy, H.V.R. Iyengar, Fredie Mehta, Khushwant Singh, Sophie Wadia, and G V Sundaram. S.V. Raju is the immediate past president of the organization. Indian Liberal Group presents a Liberal Budget every year as an alternative version to the Annual Budget presented to the Parliament by the Union Finance Minister. Eminent economists are part of the drafting committees of these Liberal Budgets. On October 8 and 9, 2010, ILG organized a symposium titled "India - the next decade" in Mumbai. The local chapters organize
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Ministry of Railways (India)


The Ministry of Railways is a ministry in the Government of India, responsible for the country's rail transport. The ministry operates the state-owned Indian Railways, an organisation that operates as a monopoly in rail transport and is headed by the Chairman of Railway Board. The ministry is headed by the Minister of Railways, a cabinet-level minister who presents the rail budget every year in parliament. There is one Union Minister of Railways, and one Minister of State for Railways. Piyush Goyal is the current Union Minister for
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67th Punjabis


In 1922, the 67th Punjabis became the 1st and 10th (Training) Battalions, 2nd Punjab Regiment. After independence they were one of the regiments allocated to the Indian Army. Post independence, the regiment was renamed the Punjab Regiment (India) and the original battalion became part of the 50th Parachute Brigade along with 3 Maratha and 1 Kumaon. In April 1952, 1st Punjab (Para), along with 3 Maratha (Para) and 1 Kumaon (Para) were amalgamated to form the Parachute Regiment, with 1st Punjab
15582377
The Income-tax Act, 1961


The Income-tax Act, 1961 is the charging Statute of Income Tax in India. It provides for levy, administration, collection and recovery of Income Tax. The Government of India brought a draft statute called the "Direct Taxes Code" intended to replace the Income Tax Act,1961 and the Wealth Tax Act, 1957. However the bill was later scrapped. Section 192A allows a PF withdrawal to without deduction of TDS. The Government of India presents finance budget every year in the month of February. The finance budget brings various
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Chennai


been found near Pallavaram in Chennai. According to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Pallavaram was a megalithic cultural establishment, and pre-historic communities resided in the settlement. The region around Chennai has served as an important administrative, military, and economic centre for many centuries. During the 1st century CE, a poet and weaver named Thiruvalluvar lived in the town of Mylapore (a neighbourhood of present Chennai). From the 1st–12th century the region of present Tamil Nadu and parts of South India was ruled by the
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Moto E (1st generation)


Moto E is an Android smartphone developed and manufactured by Motorola Mobility. It was unveiled and released online in India and the United States on May 13, 2014. Released in the wake of the success of the Moto G, the Moto E was designed to be a durable, entry-level device marketed towards first-time smartphone owners and budget-minded consumers, especially within emerging markets. The Moto E was positively received by U.S. technology publications, who praised the device's relatively high quality in comparison to other low-
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Hathibada Ghosundi Inscriptions


, its history and its religious beliefs. It confirms the ancient reverence of Hindu deities Samkarshana-Vasudeva (also known as Balarama-Krishna), an existence of stone temple dedicated to them in 1st-century BCE, the puja tradition, and a king who had completed the Vedic Asvamedha sacrifice. Taken together with independent evidence such as the Besnagar inscription found with Heliodorus pillar, the Hathibada Ghosundi Inscriptions suggest that one of the roots of Vaishnavism in the form of Bhagavatism was thriving in ancient India between the 2nd and 1st century
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2015 Railway budget of India


according to the revised estimates, IRFC raised crore, and RVNL raised crore from the market. Overall crore will be spent on the Railways in the period 2015-19. After Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu presented his maiden budget, Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted: "Rail budget 2015 is a forward looking, futuristic and passenger centric budget, combining a clear vision and a definite plan to achieve it." Nitin Gadkari, the Transport Minister called the budget reformative. Smriti Irani, Human Resource Minister, praised the budget for considering
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Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma


of British India to independence no later than 30 June 1948. Mountbatten's instructions were to avoid partition and preserve a united India as a result of the transference of power but authorised him to adapt to a changing situation in order to get Britain out promptly with minimal reputational damage. Soon after he arrived, Mountbatten concluded that the situation was too volatile to wait even a year before granting independence to India. Although his advisers favoured a gradual transfer of independence, Mountbatten decided the only way forward was a quick and orderly transfer of
10260256
District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority


. Each participating jurisdiction is a signatory to the "Blue Plains Intermunicipal Agreement," which spells out the roles and responsibilities for each party, and addresses facilities management, capacity allocation and financing. The Authority develops its own budget. which is then included in the overall District of Columbia budget. Together these two budgets are presented annually to Congress for approval. When DC Water was created as an independent authority in 1996, its finances were separate from those of the District of Columbia. The independence of DC Water with regard to
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Eastern Christianity


southeast Turkey, northwest Iran and the Malabar Coast of India (Kerala). The split of the 15th century, which saw the emergence of separate Assyrian and Chaldean Churches, left only the former as an independent sect. Further splits into the 20th century further affected the history of the Assyrian Church of the East. The Saint Thomas Christians are an ancient body of Christians on the southwest coast of India who trace their origins to the evangelical activity of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century. By the 5th century the Saint Thomas
19913195
Malabar Independent Syrian Church


The Malabar Independent Syrian Church, also known as the Thozhiyur Church, is a Christian church centred in Kerala, India. It is one of the churches of the Saint Thomas Christian community, which traces its origins to the evangelical activity of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century. This group split off from the main body of India's Malankara Church in 1772 and was confirmed as an independent church with its current name after a high court verdict in 1862. Although the church is independent under the Malankara umbrella, the church faith
12586235
Minister of Finance (India)


The Minister of Finance (or simply, Finance Minister) is the head of the Ministry of Finance of the Government of India. One of the senior-most offices in the Union Cabinet, the finance minister is responsible for the fiscal policy of the government. As part of this, a key duty of the Finance Minister is to present the annual Union Budget in Parliament, which details the government's plan for taxation and spending in the coming financial year. Through the Budget, the finance minister also outlines the allocations to
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General anti-avoidance rule (India)


not implemented in India. GAAR was finally introduced in India by then Finance Minister, Pranab Mukherjee, on 16 March 2012 during the Budget session introduced vide Finance Act, 2012. However, It was considered controversial because it had provisions to seek taxes from past overseas deals involving local assets retrospectively . During the 2015 Budget presentation, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley announced that its implementation will be delayed by 2 years. GAAR is finally applicable from assessment year 2018-19. The Parthasarthy Shome Panel was setup in 2012 for drawing up the
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Saturday Stayback


Independent Broadcasting Authority (the commercial television watchdog), so instead of automatically granting a second series, they decided to slash the budget and insisted on pre-recording instead of the show going out live. This decision enraged producer/presenter Chris Tarrant, who had been largely responsible for the success of Central's "Tiswas", that after the meeting with management, he slammed a door so hard the glass shattered. Due to the low budget circumstances and keen to keep a laddish air about the format, the decision was
19065164
Charles Alexander Innes


. He was appointed secretary in the Commerce Department in 1920, which also oversaw railways. Innes became head of the Commerce Department in 1921. His tenure was noted for two achievements: separating the railway budget from general finance budget, and forming the policy of "discriminating protection," which gave India more independence over fiscal policy. He was also credited with forming a Tariff Board to make inquiries, which provided significant help to the burgeoning iron and steel industry in India, which provided significant and essential aid to the allies in
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Five-Year Plans of India


(with an emerging welfare state), as well as a growing private sector (represented by some personalities as those who published the Bombay Plan). The first Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, presented the First Five-Year Plan to the Parliament of India and needed urgent attention. The First Five-year Plan was launched in 1951 which mainly focused in development of the primary sector. The First Five-Year Plan was based on the Harrod–Domar model with few modifications. The total planned budget of Rs.2069 crore
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Sir Frederick Currie, 1st Baronet


the feuds and alliances of the numerous Sikh, Muslim and Hindu factions. Lawrence, who at that time was Commissioner of the Jullundur District (he later became Viceroy and Governor-General of India), was charismatic and independent, traits he shared with several other officers connected with the Lahore Residency, including Captain (later Brigadier-General) John Nicholson, Commissioner of the Sind Sagar District, Captain James Abbott (later General Sir James Abbott), Deputy Commissioner of Hazara and Lieutenant Herbert Edwardes of the 1st Bengal Fusiliers (
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1st Lok Sabha


The First Lok Sabha was constituted on 17 April 1952 after India's first general election. The 1st Lok Sabha lasted its full tenure of five years and was dissolved on 4 April 1957. First Session of this Lok Sabha commenced on 13 May 1952. Total Lok Sabha seats were 489 and total eligible voters were 17.3 crore. The Indian National Congress (INC) won 364 seats. They were followed by Independents, winning a total of 37 seats. The Communist Party of India (CPI) and the Socialist Party (India
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1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)


Indian Army. Despite India achieving its independence, the Regiment retained its full designation until 1950 when it became the 1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), also adopting the Indian spelling of Gurkha, following India's transition to a republic. Over time the wartime battalions that had been disbanded in 1946 were re-raised, so that by 1965 the Regiment consisted of five battalions once more. In 1961 Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria received the posthumous Param Vir Chakra (PVC), India's highest military honour, for his actions
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48th Indian Infantry Brigade


The 48th Infantry Brigade, was raised as the 48 Indian Infantry Brigade, in October 1941, at Secunderabad, India. After an initial tenure with 19th Indian Infantry Division, it was transferred to the 17th Indian Infantry Division. In World War II it participated in the Burma campaign and in April 1942 was attached to 1st Burma Division. After the war the brigade returned to India as an independent brigade, and was located at Dhond in August 1947. After India gained Independence in 1947, 48 Indian Infantry Brigade was re-
20822522
Irish Indians


1st Duke of Wellington who later became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and his brother, Lord Charles Wellesley, both of whom were from the Protestant Irish landowning class. During the 19th century, a number of missionaries and educationists were involved in setting-up educational, healthcare and other institutions in India. Later in the 19th century, a number of philosophers and Catholic Irish nationalists travelled to India, including the theosophist Annie Besant. It is widely believed that there existed a secret alliance between the Irish and Indian independence movements.
18867621
Sydney Olivier, 1st Baron Olivier


Olivier, of Ramsden in the County of Oxford. His appointment as India Secretary dismayed those who had expected the office to go to Josiah Wedgwood, a supporter of the Indian independence movement. Under Olivier there was no departure from the Conservative policy on India, although Mahatma Gandhi was released from prison after serving only two years out of a six-year sentence. Olivier's attitude to Empire had changed and he rejected calls for a new conference to discuss changes to the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms of 1921, reaffirming the traditional argument
6636693
Aditya Arya Archive


Aditya Arya Archive is one of the earliest photographic archives in India, engaged in the digitizing, documentation, annotation, restoration and preservation of photographic material of archival significance in India. Aditya Arya Archive is led by Aditya Arya, who is an eminent commercial photographer. The Aditya Arya Archive began with the historical collection of photojournalist Kulwant Roy, presented to Aditya Arya. Roy (1914-1984) was among the handful of photojournalists in India who documented the eventful years immediately before and after independence. He was a close friend of
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Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma


his meeting with Jinnah on 5 April 1947, Mountbatten tried to persuade Jinnah of a united India, citing the difficult task of dividing the mixed states of Punjab and Bengal, but the Muslim leader was unyielding in his goal of establishing a separate Muslim state called Pakistan. Given the British government's recommendations to grant independence quickly, Mountbatten concluded that a united India was an unachievable goal and resigned himself to a plan for partition, creating the independent nations of India and Pakistan. Mountbatten set a date for the transfer of power from
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Cyril Radcliffe, 1st Viscount Radcliffe


. He was faced with the daunting task of drawing the borders for the new nations of Pakistan and India in a way that would leave as many Hindus and Sikhs in India and Muslims in Pakistan as possible. Radcliffe submitted his partition map on 9 August 1947, which split Punjab and Bengal almost in half. The new boundaries were formally announced on 14 August 1947 — the day of Pakistan's independence and the day before India became independent of the United Kingdom. Radcliffe's efforts saw some 14 million people — roughly seven million
14924804
Kamleshwar


writers like Mohan Rakesh, Nirmal Verma, Rajendra Yadav and Bhisham Sahni, who left the old pre-independence literary preoccupations and presented the new sensibilities that reflected new moorings of a post-independence India, thus launching the Hindi literature's "Nayi Kahani" ("New Story") movement in the 1950s. Kamleshwar Prasad Saxena was born in the Mainpuri district of Uttar Pradesh, India, where he spent his early years. Kamleshwar's first story, "Comrade", was published in 1948. Later he did his
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Gina Carey


resources. As the first African-American female filmmaker in Palm Springs, Gina had originally started out as a self-taught, self-funded filmmaker who eventually expanded onto building Gina Carey Films. Gina Carey Films' first movie, “The Unexpected”, premiered in 2016. Subsequently, Gina Carey Films has produced other indie films such as “One Year Pact.” In 2017, Gina launched the 1st annual CV (Coachella Valley) Indie Film Awards, which was awarded to independent filmmakers producing low-budget films
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Independence Day (India)


General in Karachi. The Constituent Assembly of India met for its fifth session at 11 pm on 14 August in the Constitution Hall in New Delhi. The session was chaired by the president Rajendra Prasad. In this session, Jawaharlal Nehru delivered the Tryst with Destiny speech proclaiming India's independence. The members of the Assembly formally took the pledge of being in the service of the country. A group of women, representing the women of India, formally presented the national flag to the assembly. The Dominion of India became an independent
20125332
North Staffordshire Regiment


in July 1943. Following the independence of India in 1947, all infantry regiments in the British Army were reduced to a single regular battalion. Accordingly, the 1st Battalion left India to take part in a ceremony officially amalgamating with the 2nd Battalion in Egypt in 1948. The new 1st Battalion remained in Egypt until 1950, when it returned to the depot in Staffordshire. A year later, the battalion was posted to the disputed port city of Trieste. In 1953, the battalion was transferred to Korea, where they were stationed
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Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma


timeline offered the prospect of attaining independence soon, sentiments took a different turn. Given Mountbatten's determination, Nehru and Patel's inability to deal with the Muslim League and lastly Jinnah's obstinacy, all Indian party leaders (except Gandhi) acquiesced to Jinnah's plan to divide India, which in turn eased Mountbatten's task. Mountbatten also developed a strong relationship with the Indian princes, who ruled those portions of India not directly under British rule. His intervention was decisive in persuading the vast majority of them to see advantages in
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Journey Among Warriors


the following day she was to marry Feroze Gandhi). Nehru explained to Curie his views on India's independence, which was becoming a more and more urgent issue in the British Empire. Curie's stay in India coincided with the visit of Stafford Cripps, Lord Privy Seal, who came from Britain to present some new proposals of the British government aiming at increasing India's autonomy (Ève also had a meeting with him in New Delhi). The British proposals, however, were received rather coolly by the Indians, who
16848995
Film budgeting


financed through government subsidies. Though movie studios are reluctant to release the precise details of their movies' budgets, it has occasionally been possible to obtain (clandestinely) details of the cost of films' breakdowns. For an example of a budget for a $2 million independent feature, see "Planning the Low-Budget Film" by Robert Latham Brown. Total: $74,243,106 Total: $118 million Total: $187.3 million Total: $202 million The "Los Angeles Times" presented an extensive special report, dissecting
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Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe


required to prepare a draft budget each year and submit it to the Committee of Ministers for adoption. The draft budget is presented to the Deputies in November of each year. It is adopted, along with the Programme of Activities, in the form of resolutions. Under Article 29 of the Financial Regulations (revised in May 1997) the Deputies are assisted by a Budget Committee composed of eleven independent experts, appointed by the Committee of Ministers acting on proposals from member governments. An abridged version of the adopted budget is available in
1976453
Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell


ordering the army to distribute relief supplies to the starving rural Bengalis. He attempted with mixed success to increase the supplies of rice to reduce the prices. During his reign, Gandhi was leading the Quit India campaign, Mohammad Ali Jinnah was working for an independent state for the Muslims and Subhas Chandra Bose befriended Japan "and were pressing forward along India's Eastern border". Although Wavell was initially popular with Indian politicians, pressure mounted concerning the likely structure and timing of an independent India. He attempted to move the debate along
21042695
Election commission


election related activities in an orderly manner. For election related problems, Election Commission is responsible. In the independent model the election commission is independent of the executive and manages its own budget. Countries with an independent election commission include Australia, Canada, India, Jordan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the United Kingdom. In some of these countries the independence of the election commission is constitutionally guaranteed e.g. section 190 of the Constitution of South Africa. In the branch model the
19244507
Ethnic conflict in Nagaland


interpretation of this clause has been contested between the Nagas and the Indian Government. To Nagas this clause meant independence from India at the end of the ten-year period. To the India Government this clause meant making a new agreement after the ten-year period if the present agreement did not address Naga issues sufficiently. Phizo rejected the Nine-Point Agreement to who the agreement fell short of dealing with the issue of Naga sovereignty. The NNC under Phizo's leadership declared Naga independence on 14 August 1947 and with success propagated
21555196
Jay Narayan Vyas


Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, and Mukesh Patel, an eminent tax expert, scholar and columnist; for presenting a post-budget discussion on the day immediately after the union budget is presented in the parliament of India. The session conducted by this trio spans over three decades and attracts a huge participation from people in trade, industry, commerce, academics and government bureaucracy. He is a water management expert. He headed Sardar Sarovar Dam project as a Chairman of the Corporation responsible of implementation. It was one of the largest
19848828
V. P. Menon


the Indian leaders, the Muslim League's plan to partition India into two independent nations - India and Pakistan. Menon's resourcefulness during this period caught the eye of Sardar Patel, who would become the Deputy Prime Minister of India in 1947. VP Menon was present at the meeting between Lord Mountbatten and Hanwant Singh, Maharaja of Jodhpur. It was at this meeting that Hanwant Singh signed the instrument of accession to India. After he had signed and the Viceroy Mountbatten left, only Menon was in the room with him. The
18994651
Monarchies in Asia


British ruled Indian Empire became independent from British rule in 1947 and became the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan and in 1950 India became the Republic of India, in 1956 Pakistan became the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, and in 1971 the province of East Pakistan separated from Pakistan to became Bangladesh. Princely states were only in the present-day countries of India and Pakistan, and not Bangladesh. The princely states who were vassal states of the British, had a certain degree of power and autonomy during the British Raj.
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Eastern Frontier Rifles


with the insignia of the Order of the British India, 1st class, by Lord Ronald Shay, Governor of Bengal, who in decorating him made the following remarks: A report of the Police Administration in the Bengal Presidency stated: The Bengal Military Police won its present name "Eastern Frontier Rifles" from the Government of India in 1920, in appreciation for war services rendered. The Eastern Frontier Rifles (Bengal Battalion) Act was passed the same year and the Eastern Frontier Rifles (Bengal Battalion) Regulations issued in 1922.
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Lakhimpur, Uttar Pradesh


broad gauge during 2009 Parliamentary elections. Once this is accomplished, it would make Lakhimpur easily accessible from Delhi and other major cities in India. Railway Budget 2010 (Gauge conversion – Lakhimpur) Snippet from Railway Budget presented by Railway Minister Mamata Banerjee in the Parliament on 24 February 2010 – On the basis of requests received from the Hon’ble Members, State Government and others, the following surveys are proposed to be taken up: Lucknow-Sitapur-Pilibhit Meter Gauge line. Communication networks All prominent tele-communication network providers in India
42954
Heat and Dust (film)


York Times", Vincent Canby commented: "If the contemporary story is not as involving as that of Olivia and the Nawab, it's partly because the contemporary problems are far more prosaic. It's as if the passage of time that witnessed the independence of India and its partition, as well the introduction of jet travel for the budget-minded, had neutralized all possibility of heroic romance... Mr. Ivory and Mrs. Jhabvala have been working together so long that it's difficult for an outsider to know exactly who contributed what
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A.K. Golam Jilani


A. K. Golam Jilani (24 October 1904 – 9 February 1932) was a Bengali revolutionary of the Indian independence movement from the Nawabganj Upazila, Dhaka in present-day Bangladesh. A. K. Golam Jilani was born on 24 October 1904 in the Algichor village of the Nawabganj Upazila of the Dhaka district of British India (Present day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh). His father’s name was Golam Muhammad Chowdhury, who was also a revolutionary against the British Raj. Golam Jilani was educated at the National School, where he completed
12042950
The Garhwal Rifles


and consequent demobilisation left the regiment with three regular battalions, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd. Thus, at Independence, the Garhwal Rifles had only three active battalions. After the formation of India in 1947 and the subsequent merger of the various states in India at the time, the Garhwal Princely State was among the first to be merged in with the Indian Union. Subsequently, the Regiment was transferred to the newly independent Indian Army. The 3rd Battalion participated with distinction in the J&K Operations, winning Battle Honour "Tithwal"
21280265
Clan Ramsay


British North America from 1819 to 1828. He was also commander-in-chief of India from 1829 to 1832. His son was James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie who also served as Governor General of India, from 1847 to 1856. In 1849 he was created Marquess of Dalhousie but this title died with him in 1860. However the older earldom passed to a cousin from whom the present Earl descends. Other branches of the family have also produced persons of distinction and rank. Alexander Ramsay, the younger
8115264
The List (2007 film)


Through the present, their male heirs are inducted into the society. This continues until the present, when it is decided to kill off the newest heirs, two young adults who learn how to rely on their Christian faith to expose the secret society. Director Gary Wheeler had trouble casting the role of Larochette. As an independent production, his budget was limited, and he had trouble making connections with high profile actors. When actor Tim Ware found Larochette had not been cast, he offered to contact McDowell on behalf of Wheeler
658719
M. N. Roy


of British imperialism, Roy wrote a series of articles in "Independent India" on the economic and political structures of new India, even presenting a concrete ten-year plan, and drafting a "Constitution of Free India" (1944). Roy in his philosophy devised means to ensure human freedom and progress. Remembering Bagha Jatin who "personified the best of mankind", Roy worked "for the ideal of establishing a social order in which the best in man could be manifest." In 1947, he elaborated his
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