which was india's first satellite launched exclusively for educational purpose
Satellite Instructional Television Experiment


on the use of terrestrial transmission for television signals. But SITE showed that India could make use of advanced technology to fulfill the socio-economic needs of the country. This led to an increased focus on satellite broadcasting in India. ISRO began preparations for a country-wide satellite system. After conducting several technical experiments, the Indian National Satellite System was launched by ISRO in 1982. The Indian space program remained committed to the goal of using satellites for educational purposes. In September 2004, India launched EDUSAT, which was the
5393393
KITE Kerala


nodal agency for EDUSAT operations in the state. EDUSAT was the dedicated satellite that India has launched exclusively for the purpose of imparting education. With the technical support from ISRO, KITE successfully implemented various activities based on EDUSAT till date. The first phase of the programme was mainly through various interactive classroom sessions, facilitated by Receive Only Terminals, provided to selected schools, which enabled valuable exchange between subject experts and students, and besides such discussions, the students are able to expand their knowledge in academic subjects as well as gain new
5345103
List of Indian satellites


mission was also successfully executed during this period. While India had to face failure in launching relatively heavier satellites early on in the decade, it did end up launching 10 geosynchronous/geostationary satellites (6 with indigenous, and 4 with European launchers) - in other words, in the first half of the current decade, it managed to launch almost as many geosynchronous/geostationary satellites as in the whole of the last decade. This period also saw India enter the exclusive club of nations capable of launching probes to Mars. ISRO
11668256
GSAT-3


GSAT-3, also known as EDUSAT, was a communications satellite which was launched on 20 September 2004 by the Indian Space Research Organisation. EDUSAT is the first Indian satellite built exclusively to serve the educational sector. It is mainly intended to meet the demand for an interactive satellite-based distance education system for the country. EDUSAT carries five K band transponders providing spot beams, one K band transponder providing a national beam and six extended C band transponders providing national coverage beams. EDUSAT was successfully launched into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO
12175106
Anti-satellite weapon


to be established. He suggested that a low-orbit test against a purpose-launched satellite would not be seen as irresponsible. The programme was sanctioned in 2017. On 27 March 2019, India announced the successful launch of the India's first ASAT. The interceptor was able to strike a test satellite at a altitude in low earth orbit (LEO), thus successfully testing its ASAT missile. The interceptor was launched at around 05:40 UTC at the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha and hit its target
21886904
List of Indian satellites


and powerful satellites. This was the last decade when America and Russia enjoyed its involvement in launching Indian satellites. Henceforth, ISRO focused on building India's indigenous launch capabilities, leaving Europe with just launching its heavier satellites. ISRO's workhorse, the PSLV, became the mainstay for successful launches of indigenous satellites from India during this decade. India successfully launched 11 geostationary or geosynchronous satellites during this period, which was equal to the total number of similar launches in the previous 2 decades put together. India's first inter-planetary
11668255
Launch Services Program


research satellites. These small satellites are called CubeSats. CubeSat Launch Initiative (CSLI) provides opportunities for small satellite payloads to fly on rockets planned for upcoming launches. As of February 2015, CSLI has selected 119 spacecraft since 2010. Educational Launch of Nanosatellites (ELaNa) and is a part of CSLI. ELaNa manifests the CubeSats selected by CSLI onto upcoming rocket launches. CubeSats were first included on the launch of LSP missions in 2011. ELaNa missions are not manifested exclusively on LSP missions; they have been a part of NRO
2343707
M S Faizalkhan


power plant, at NIMS Medicity. It's now the largest solar power plant in our state. NIMS are the patron of the Parents association for differently able children, which supports the education of 450 children affected with cerebral Palsy. Launched "Nagapattinam revive" on the occasion of the 10th Anniversary of Indian Ocean tsunami, for helping the poor tsunami affected community in Nagapattinam. NIMS University is all set to launch a Nano satellite in association with ISRO which will be India's 78th satellite and the first private satellite from Kerala which
4780437
National Institute of Aeronautics and Space


correct and current route, departure and arrival port, and amateur radio communication (text and voice; ORARI is Indonesian Amateur Radio Organization). The satellite will be launched as a secondary payload of India's ASTROSAT mission into a circular orbit of 650 km with an inclination of 8 degrees. The purpose of the project is to develop capability to design, assembly, integration and test (AIT) process of a micro-satellite in Indonesia. The satellite was successfully launched on 28 September 2015 using India's ISRO Polar Satellite Launch
5062339
List of Indian satellites


defence forces, other government agencies) or private (educational and research) entities. All satellite launches marked successful have completed at least one full orbital flight (no sub-orbital flights have been included in this list). Indian space missions began in the 1970s, with Soviet assistance in launching the first two satellites. India had three continuous successful satellite launches from its first generation rocket SLV. Although it had to meet failure with its second generation rocket, it avoided turning back irrespective of harsh circumstances, and kept developing heavy
11668254
List of foreign satellites launched by India


India has launched 239 satellites for 28 different countries as of October, 2018. Commercial launches for foreign nations are negotiated through Antrix, the commercial arm of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). All satellites were launched using the ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) expendable launch system. Between 2013 and 2015, India launched 28 foreign satellites for nine different countries earning a total revenue of US$101 million. ISRO successfully launched 104 satellites by a single rocket on 15 February 2017, of which 3 satellites are Indian
13599089
2019 Indian anti-satellite missile test


low-orbit test against a purpose-launched satellite would not be seen as irresponsible. In 2014, India carried out the maiden test of PDV. First real time interception test was carried out against a maneuvering target in 2017, followed by another test in 2019. In 2017, India had lost contact to one of its key imaging satellites, RISAT-1. In 2016, Indian Government gave nod for Project XSV-1 for ASAT test. Modified version of PDV similar to midcourse ground-based inteterceptor, officially named "PDV MkII"
11215405
National University of Comahue


achieve the majority support Argentine National Congress. The Pehuensat-1 satellite was created for educational purposes, built entirely in Argentina. Its launch took place on January 10, 2007 morning aboard a rocket from an aerospace base in India. The assembly took five years and was conducted by teachers and students of the university. They called Pehuensat-1 in reference to the monkey-puzzle tree, an ancient tree and native to the Andean Patagonian forest. The Argentine satellite weighs 6 pounds, goes into orbit about 640 miles high and traveling at a speed
22108638
Molniya (satellite)


The Molniya (, "Lightning") series satellites are military and communications satellites launched by the Soviet Union from 1965 to 2004. These satellites use highly eccentric elliptical orbits known as Molniya orbits, which have a long dwell time over high latitudes. They are suited for communications purposes in polar regions, in the same way that geostationary satellites used for equatorial regions. There were 164 Molniya satellites launched, all in Molniya orbits with the exception of Molniya 1S which was launched into geostationary orbit for testing purposes. In the early 1960s
21765596
Satellite Instructional Television Experiment


. At the same time, India was trying to launch its national space program under the leadership of Vikram Sarabhai. India was interested in the role of satellites for the purpose of communication and asked UNESCO to undertake a feasibility study for a project in that field. Between 18 November 1967 and 8 December 1967, UNESCO sent an expert mission to India to prepare a report on a pilot project in the use of satellite communication. The expert panel concluded that the such a project would be feasible. Following the report, a study
5393369
List of ISRO missions


various vehicles, including those launched by Russian, European and American rockets, as well as those launched indigenously by India. The organisation responsible for India's satellite program is the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). ISRO also launches satellites for foreign countries. As of November 2018, ISRO has launched 239 satellites for 28 foreign countries. In January 2017, India launched 104 satellites in a single mission, out of which 96 were from the United States and the rest from the Netherlands, Kazakhstan, Israel, UAE and India
16164015
Military satellite


to secrecy and partly due to dual purpose missions such as GPS satellites that serve both civilian and military purposes. As of December 2018 there are 320 military or dual-use satellites in the sky, half of which are owned by the US, followed by Russia, China and India (13). The first military use of satellites was for reconnaissance. In the United States the first formal military satellite programs, Weapon System 117L, was developed in the mid 1950s. Within this program a number of sub-programs were
15642720
Indian National Satellite System


in September 2003, INSAT-3E is positioned at 55 degree East longitude and carries 24 Normal C-band transponders provide an edge of coverage EIRP of 37 dBW over India and 12 Extended C-band transponders provide an edge of coverage EIRP of 38 dBW over India. The satellite has been decommissioned and gone out of service from April 2014. GSAT-16 will replace this satellite. KALPANA-1 is an exclusive meteorological satellite launched by PSLV in September 2002. It carries Very High Resolution Radiometer and DRT payloads to provide meteorological services. It is located
2980005
Arnold Frutkin


project's agreement that no other communications satellites besides Intelsat would be launched for commercial purposes. France had requested that NASA launch a French satellite which they identified as a research instrument. NASA gave the project the go ahead, but later, some French officials started to claim that the satellite would be used for commercial purposes and the launch of the satellite was cancelled. Lebeau, an employee of the French space program, claimed that Frutkin had refused to launch the French satellite, a comment that resulted in Frutkin barring him from his
421445
Satellite


Both Chile and Belarus used Russian companies as principal contractors to build their satellites, they used Russian-Ukrainian manufactured rockets and launched either from Russia or Kazakhstan. In recent times, satellites have been hacked by militant organizations to broadcast propaganda and to pilfer classified information from military communication networks. For testing purposes, satellites in low earth orbit have been destroyed by ballistic missiles launched from earth. Russia, the United States, China and India have demonstrated the ability to eliminate satellites. In 2007 the Chinese military shot down an aging weather
8016174
Satellite Instructional Television Experiment


The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment or SITE was an experimental satellite communications project launched in India in 1975, designed jointly by NASA and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). The project made available informational television programmes to rural India. The main objectives of the experiment were to educate the financially backward and academically illiterate people of India on various issues via satellite broadcasting, and also to help India gain technical experience in the field of satellite communications. The experiment ran for one year from 1 August 1975 to 31 July 1976, covering
5393365
Orbcomm (satellite)


total loss for launch insurance purposes. The second launch, with a constellation of six OG2 satellites, launched on July 14, 2014. The satellites were launched on a SpaceX Falcon 9 v1.1 launch vehicle. Following the end of the use of the first stage for the Orbcomm orbital mission, SpaceX used the booster stage—which would ordinarily be destroyed on reentering the Earth's atmosphere and impact with the ocean—for a flight test of a number of reusable launch vehicle technologies to safely reenter and execute a "soft vertical landing
18378596
Slovak Organisation for Space Activities


's project to design, construct, launch, operate and analyze data from CubeSat 1U. The satellite is 10x10x10cm in size and weighs 1056g. Slovak specialists participated in the development of Magion class satellites in the 1970s and space probes have components built in Slovakia. The goal was to launch a probe which will be designed, constructed and managed from Slovakia, which would be the country's first satellite launched since independence in 1993. The satellite was successfully launched onboard PSLV rocket from Sriharikota, India on June 23, 2017.
9702907
Aryabhata (satellite)


Aryabhatta was India's first satellite, named after the famous Indian astronomer of the same name. It was launched by India on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar, a Russian rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation.The launch came from an agreement between India and the Soviet Union directed by UR Rao and signed in 1972. It allowed the USSR to use Indian ports for tracking ships and launching vessels in return for launching Indian satellites.
17780201
Kitsat-1


KITSAT-1 or KITSAT A is the first satellite to be launched by the Republic of Korea. Once launched, the satellite was given the nickname "Our Star" (). Launched in 1992, KITSAT-1, which stands for the Korea Institute of Technology Satellite-1, is the first satellite developed by SaTReC. Developed through a collaborative program between SaTReC and the University of Surrey, the main objective of the KITSAT-1 program was to acquire satellite technology through the training and education of satellite engineers. The success of the KITSAT-1 program marked the beginning of
2672972
Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad


The First Launch Pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre is a rocket launch site in Sriharikota, India that began operation in 1993. It is currently used by two launch vehicles of the ISRO: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). It is one of two operational orbital launch pads at the site, the other being the Second Launch Pad, which opened in 2005. The first launch from this pad occurred on 20 September 1993, and was the maiden flight of the
10207521
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle


The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is an expendable medium-lift launch vehicle designed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun-synchronous orbits, a service that was, until the advent of the PSLV in 1993, commercially available only from Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO). Some notable payloads launched by PSLV include India's first lunar probe Chandrayaan-1,
5547381
PSLV-C2


PSLV-C2 was the second operational launch and overall fifth mission of the PSLV program. This launch was also the forty-third launch by Indian Space Research Organisation since its first mission on 1 January 1962. The vehicle carried three satellites which were deployed in the Sun-synchronous low Earth orbit. The vehicle carried India's first remote sensing satellite Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) as the main payload. It also carried South Korean satellite Kitsat-3 and German satellite DLR-Tubsat as auxiliary payloads. PSLV-C2 was the first
681246
Science and technology in India


taken by the Indian government to increase agricultural output: The Indian space program received only financial support from the Soviet Union, which helped the Indian Space Research Organisation achieve aims such as establishing the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station, launching remote sensing satellites, developing India's first satellite—Aryabhatta, and sending astronauts into space. India sustained its nuclear program during the aftermath of Operation Smiling Buddha, the country's first nuclear tests. Though the roots of the Steel Authority of India Ltd. lie in Hindustan Steel Private Limited (1954)
6025741
Economy of Bangalore


is recognized world over for its indigenous capabilities in launching low cost satellites using its own launch vehicles, the PSLV and the GSLVs. ISRO has a record of deploying 104 satellites in orbits successfully in a single launch, which is a world record. ISRO has also launched a Mars mission, Mars Orbital Mission, which was the lowest cost inter-planetary orbital mission. Startups have made attempts to launch lunar rovers and are analyzing satellite images to uses in agriculture and climate. Transportation: Bangalore is the home of India's first
7391476
Satish Dhawan Space Centre Third Launch Pad


Unified Modular Launch Vehicle, Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk III and Avatar RLV (Avatar Reusable Launch Vehicle) as well as the older ones like Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle. This is the launch pad which will be used for the Indian human spaceflight programme as well as for India's first manned space mission. One of the main reasons of building this launch pad is that it will increase the frequency of orbital launches by ISRO. Several facilities have been proposed to be built at the Third Launch Pad.
6546349
Israel Space Agency


. Since the launching of that first satellite, Israel has developed into a significant player in the commercial space arena. Today, the ISA satellite launches include: After the successful launch of the Ofeq-1 in 1988, additional satellites were developed. In 1989, the ISA launched the Ofeq-2; in April 1995, it took a leap forward with the launch of Ofeq-3, which carried an advanced electro-optical payload built by Israeli industry for local purposes. Ofeq-3 has been functioning without a hitch. Following a setback with Ofeq-4, Ofeq-5
8990296
Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3


Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 (; English: Bright Star-3 or Lode Star-3) was a North Korean Earth observation satellite, which according to the DPRK was for weather forecast purposes, and whose launch was widely portrayed in the West to be a veiled ballistic missile test. The satellite was launched on 13 April 2012 at 07:39 KST aboard the Unha-3 carrier rocket from Sohae Satellite Launching Station. The rocket exploded 90 seconds after launch near the end of the firing of the first stage of the rocket. The launch was planned to mark the centenary of the birth
9238551
India–Israel relations


moon. Additionally, the two countries signed an agreement outlining the deployment of TAUVEX, an Israeli space telescope array, on India's GSAT-4, a planned navigation and communication satellite. In 2010, the TAUVEX array was removed from GSAT-4 by the ISRO, and the array was never subsequently launched. The GSAT-4 itself failed to launch, due to the failure of its cryogenic engine. In 2005, Israel decided to launch TecSAR, its first synthetic aperture radar imaging satellite, on India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, or PSLV.
17772662
Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan


well as scientific satellites. He was also the Project Director for India's first two experimental earth observation satellites, Bhaskara-I and II. Under his leadership, the programme witnessed several major milestones including the successful launching and operationalisation of the India's prestigious launch vehicles, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle. Studies on the advanced version of the GSLV, GSLVMk-III, was also completed including defining its full configuration. Further, he also oversaw the development and launching of some of the world's
2359761
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle


India's first interplanetary mission, Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) and India's first space observatory, Astrosat. PSLV has gained credence as a small satellite launcher due its numerous multi-satellite deployment campaigns with auxiliary payloads usually ride sharing along an Indian primary payload. Most notable among these was the launch of PSLV C37 on 15 February 2017 successfully deploying 104 satellites in sun-synchronous orbit, tripling the previous record held by Russia for most number of satellites sent to space on a single launch. Payloads can be integrated in tandem
5547382
Direct-to-home television in India


Direct-to-Home (DTH) television is a method of receiving satellite television by means of signals transmitted from direct-broadcast satellites. The Government of India permitted the reception and distribution of satellite television signals in November 2000. The first DTH service in the country was launched by Dish TV on 2 October 2003. DD Free Dish, the first free DTH service in India, was launched by public broadcaster Prasar Bharati in December 2004. India is the largest DTH market in the world by number of subscribers. As on
15021213
Kalam SAT


Space Kidz India, a Research Organization based in Chennai, as a part of a ‘Cubes in Space’ competition. This contest was jointly organized by NASA and ‘I Doodle Learning’, which is a global education company. This was the first time that a space probe made by an Indian student, was launched by NASA. Kalam SAT is designated in the pages of Asia Book of Records, India Book of Records and Assist World Records, as holding the record title of "World's lightest and smallest satellite"
6164624
List of ISRO missions


The Indian Space Research Organisation has carried out 97 spacecraft missions,69 launch missions and planned many missions including Chandrayaan-2, and Aditya (spacecraft). This is the list of all completed missions. India's first satellite Aryabhata was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. (It was built by the ISRO) to gain experience in building and operating a satellite in space. India has launched 100 Indian satellites of many types as on 31 January 2018. Satellites have been launched from
16164014
PSLV-C3


PSLV-C3 was the third operational launch and overall sixth mission of the PSLV program. This launch was also the forty-sixth launch by Indian Space Research Organisation since its first mission on 1 January 1962. The vehicle carried three satellites which were deployed in the Sun-synchronous Low Earth orbit. The vehicle carried Technology Experiment Satellite (Indian experimental earth observation satellite), BIRD (German earth observation satellite) and PROBA (experimental satellite from Belgium). This was India's and ISRO's second commercial spaceflight. PSLV-
2949565
Indian Space Research Organisation


DAE). In 1972 Government of India setup a Space Commission and the Department of Space (DOS), bringing ISRO under the DOS. The establishment of ISRO thus institutionalized space research activities in India. It is managed by the Department of Space, which reports to the Prime Minister of India. ISRO built India's first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union on 19April 1975. It was named after the mathematician Aryabhata. In 1980, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an
16380057
Ariane 1


Ariane 1 was the first rocket in the Ariane family of expendable launch systems. It was developed and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), which had been formed in 1973, the same year that development of the launch had commenced. Ariane 1 was the first launcher to be developed with the primary purpose of sending commercial satellites into geosynchronous orbit. Crucially, it was designed with the ability of sending a pair of satellites into orbit on a single launcher, thus reducing costs. As the size of satellites grew,
6547307
AAUSAT3


the mechanical structure (carried out by the department workshop in alu7075), and the raw non-mounted PCBs. The purpose of the satellite project was to find out if it was possible to receive AIS signals from a 1U CubeSat. Student satellite activities at Aalborg University (AAU) started in 2003 as a result of AAU's involvement in the first pure Danish research satellite, Ørsted, which was successfully launched in 1999. AAUSAT3's predecessors were AAU CubeSat (launched 2003), and AAUSAT-II (launched 2008)
13499761
Azercosmos


Malaysia to lease the geostationary position at the 46° East orbital slot, which belongs to the Malaysian government. As a result of the tenders announced on manufacturing and launch of the first Azerbaijani telecommunication satellite, US-based Orbital Sciences Corporation was chosen to construct the satellite, and French company Arianespace was selected to launch it. On May 3, 2010, Presidential Decree ref. 885 established Azercosmos OJSCo with the purpose of implementing the launch, operation, and exploitation of telecommunication satellites for the Republic of Azerbaijan. On October 2017
22190003
Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad


2005 with the launching of PSLV-C6. MECON's sub-contractors for this project including Inox India, HEC, Tata Growth, Goderej Boyce, Simplex, Nagarjuna Construction, Steelage, etc. The other Launch Pad being the First Launch Pad. It is used by Polar Satellite Launch Vehicles and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicles, and is intended for use with future Indian rockets including the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk.III The first launch from the pad occurred on 5 May 2005, and was of a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
2094553
Eurosport


deal with The All England Club to show all the Wimbledon matches live in 16 additional countries. It is a 3-year deal that includes exclusive TV and digital rights. This expands their tennis portfolio to show all four Grand Slams. The network of channels are available in 54 countries, in 20 different languages, providing viewers with European and international sporting events. Eurosport first launched on European satellites on 5 February 1989. In the 1990s, Eurosport timeshared with The Quantum Channel. In February 2017, Discovery launched the channel in India,
1813216
Dove-OSCAR 17


Dove-OSCAR 17 (a.k.a. DO-17 or Microsat 2) is a Brazilian educational and amateur radio satellite launched at January 22, 1990. Dove-OSCAR 17 is one the results of the so-called Microsat project by AMSAT, manufactured in the 1980s by the civil and electric engineer Junior Torres de Castro (amateur radio operator with callsign PY2BJO), who had been developing his ideas since 1957. He has built, with his own resources, the first artificial satellite for educational and humanitarian purposes: the "Dove"
12883760
South Asia Satellite


countries during his swearing-in ceremony as Prime Minister of India and held bilateral talks with all of them individually, which was dubbed a "mini SAARC summit" by the media. India has an active space programme dating back to 1965, and in 1975, became the first South Asian nation to launch a satellite. One month after sworn in as Prime Minister of India, in June 2014 Modi asked ISRO to develop a SAARC satellite, which can be dedicated as a ‘gift’ to the neighbours. He asked the
17354957
India as an emerging superpower


2014 India became the fourth nation to have a satellite orbiting Mars. India is the first Asian nation to achieve this and the first to do so in its first try. India and the United States have increased mutual cooperation in space-travel related technologies, such as increasing the interoperability between Indian and US systems, and prospects for a commercial space launch agreement with India that would allow US satellites to be launched on Indian vehicles. India is among the world leaders in remote sensing, a technology coming to great use, among
13100298
ATN Channel


to convert SATV into a national service, available across Canada. The channel officially launched in May 1998 as "ATN" via cable and satellite. ATN signed an agreement with Zee Network, securing the exclusive rights to programming from Zee TV, India's top rated channel at the time. This milestone agreement marked the first major content acquisition for ATN and resulted in Zee TV becoming the main source of programming for ATN channel which was subsequently renamed "ATN Zee TV". On September 7, 2006, ATN signed an agreement
1437593
Badr-1


the first orbit, the Suparco globally announced the launch of the satellite, and the Science ministry confirmed the launch of the satellite. As the satellite completed its life, a new project was launched, more ambitious, advanced, and difficult than "Badr-1". However, even after the "Badr-1I" was completed, the satellite could not be able to launch until 2001. With the successful development and launch of the "Badr-1", Pakistan became the first Muslim country, and second South Asian country after India, to
4901733
Polar Operational Environmental Satellites


part of the POES constellation was the Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS), which was launched on April 1, 1960. The final spacecraft, NOAA-19, was launched in February 2009. The ESA-provided MetOp satellite operated by EUMETSAT utilize POES-heritage instruments for the purpose of data continuity. The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), which was launched on November 18, 2017, is the successor to the POES Program. On-orbit satellite operations of POES is performed by NOAA's Office of Satellite and Product
8193697
Science and technology in Pakistan


designed, communication satellite, "Badr-1", from Xichang Satellite Launch Center (XLSC) of the People's Republic of China. With the launch, Pakistan became the first Muslim majority country to have developed an artificial robotic satellite, and was the second South Asian state to have launched its satellite, second to India. One of the widely reported achievements was in 1998, when the country joined the nuclear club. In response to India's nuclear tests on 11 May and 13 May 1998, under codename "Operation Shakti"
16965899
Udupi Ramachandra Rao


. He was also responsible for the development of the operational PSLV launch vehicle, which successfully launched an 850 kg. satellite into a polar orbit in 1995. Rao initiated the development of the geostationary launch vehicle GSLV and the development of cryogenic technology in 1991. He was responsible for successful launch of INSAT satellites during his stint at ISRO. The launch of INSAT satellites gave a thrust to communications in India, during the 1980s and 1990s. The successful launch of INSAT provided telecommunication links to remote corners of India. During these decades
2359768
Satellite television


nicknamed "Early Bird", was launched into geosynchronous orbit on April 6, 1965. The first national network of television satellites, called Orbita, was created by the Soviet Union in October 1967, and was based on the principle of using the highly elliptical Molniya satellite for rebroadcasting and delivering of television signals to ground downlink stations. The first commercial North American satellite to carry television transmissions was Canada's geostationary Anik 1, which was launched on 9 November 1972. ATS-6, the world's first experimental educational and direct broadcast satellite
4913896
History of GLONASS


type, GLONASS-K, is set to be launched in February 2011. The first satellite-based radio navigation system developed in the Soviet Union was Tsiklon, which had the purpose of providing ballistic missile submarines a method for accurate positioning. 31 Tsiklon satellites were launched between 1967 and 1978. The main problem with the system was that, although highly accurate for stationary or slow-moving ships, it required several hours of observation by the receiving station to fix a position, making it unusable for many navigation purposes and for
12333005
Africa–India relations


. It was first held from April 4 to April 8, 2008 in New Delhi, and was the first such meeting between the heads of state and government of India and 14 countries of Africa chosen by the African Union. In 2006, India launched its flagship aid initiative in Africa by constructing the $125 million Pan-African e-Network, the continent's largest tele-education and telemedicine initiative. The network links 47 African countries with schools and hospitals in India through satellite and fiber-optic links. At the
2781136
Satish Dhawan


by Hermann Schlichting. He set up the country's first supersonic wind tunnel at IISc. He also pioneered research on relaminarization of separated boundary layer flows, three-dimensional boundary layers and trisonic flows. Dhawan carried out pioneering experiments in rural education, remote sensing and satellite communications. His efforts led to operational systems like INSAT, a telecommunications satellite; IRS, the Indian Remote Sensing satellite; and the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), that placed India in the league of space faring nations. Dhawan died on 3 January
9626919
Astrosat


Astrosat is India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space telescope. It was launched on a PSLV-XL on 28 September 2015. With the success of this satellite, ISRO has proposed to launch "AstroSat-2" as a successor for "Astrosat" when nears its five-year life span. After the success of the satellite-borne Indian X-ray Astronomy Experiment (IXAE), which was launched in 1996, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) approved further development for a full-fledged astronomy satellite, "
7664389
Indian National Satellite System


false. The GSAT satellites are India's indigenously developed communications satellites, used for digital audio, data and video broadcasting for both military and civilian users. As of November 2018, 19 GSAT satellites of ISRO have been launched out of which 15 satellites are currently in service. Launched by the second flight of GSLV in May 2003, GSAT-2 is located at 48 degree East longitude and carries four Normal C-band transponders to provide 36 dBW EIRP with India coverage, two K band transponders with 42 dBW EIRP over India and an
2980012
Indian Armed Forces


role, the navy uses Boeing P-8I Neptune and has issued a global tender for nine medium-range maritime reconnaissance (MRMR) aircraft for coastal defence. India's first exclusive defence satellite GSAT-7 was successfully launched by European space consortium Arianespace's Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou spaceport in French Guiana in August 2013, giving a major push to the country's maritime security. The Indian Navy is the user of the multi-band, home-built communication spacecraft, which is operational. GSAT-7 was designed and developed by the Indian Space
16747298
Spire Global


participation from Bessemer Venture Partners and Jump Capital. in order to help finance the first batches of Lemur satellites. The first Lemur-2 were launched in September 2015 through the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-X, making Spire the first US-based operator to launch from India. This launch inaugurated the Spire tradition to leave the naming of each satellite to employees, with the first 3 Lemurs christened respectively Joel, Peter and Jeroen after the company’s co-founders. Facing increasing pressure to mass produce satellites and constrained by the limited space
10165837
Submarine-launched satellite


There have been a number of ventures into submarine-launched satellites. The advantage of launching a satellite from a submarine compared to from land is that the launch vehicle can reach a large number of different inclinations and could increase its performance to low Earth orbit by launching from equatorial sites. Missiles used for this purpose include the Volna and the Shtil', as well as theoretically the R-39 Rif. Submarines used include Delta-class submarines. The first known attempt to launch a satellite from a submarine was conducted on July 7,
21461962
Central Institute of Educational Technology


, CDS/DVDs and multimedia packages. The library is open to outside visitors, too. Edusat Network CIET utilizes the Edusat, the first Indian satellite exclusively for educational sector. CIET utilizes a Ku-band Sub Hub along with 100 terminals at various locations in India for conventional radio and television broadcast, interactive radio and television (phone-in and video on demand), exchange of data, audio, video and computer conferencing and web based education. In order to reach all corners of the country, CIET has set
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AAUSAT-II


AAUSAT-II is the second student-built CubeSat built and operated by students from Aalborg University in Denmark. It was launched 28 April 2008 05:54 UTC from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in India on a PSLV rocket. AAUSAT-II carries a radiation sensor. The primary purpose of construction of satellites at Aalborg University is to give the students engineering capabilities beyond what is normally achieved within a masters program. Student satellite activities at Aalborg University (AAU) started in 2003 as a result of AAU's involvement in the first pure Danish
15630421
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle


for geosynchronous satellites. GSLV uses major components that are already proven in the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) launchers in the form of the S125/S139 solid rocket booster and the liquid-fueled Vikas engine. Due to the thrust required for injecting the satellite in a GTO orbit the third stage was to be powered by a LOX/LH2 Cryogenic engine which at that time India did not possess or had the technology know-how to build one. The first development flight of the GSLV (Mk.I configuration)
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Explorer 29


Explorer 29 (also called GEOS 1 or GEOS A, acronym to Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) was an American satellite launched as part of the Explorers program, being the first of the two satellites GEOS. Explorer 29 was launched on 6 November 1965 from Cape Canaveral, Florida, United States, with Delta rocket. Explorer 29 was a gravity-gradient-stabilized, solar cell powered unit designed exclusively for geodetic studies. It was the first successful active spacecraft of the "National Geodetic Satellite Program". Instrumentation included: These
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Telstar 1


the specialized magazine Wireless World. His idea was to take advantage of the immensity of space to transmit information, using a satellite system for this purpose. During the Cold War, the shock caused by the successful launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, by the Soviets increased the United States' interest in aerospace research. Soon thereafter, the Americans began their attempts to launch orbital communications satellites for transmitting telephone, radio, and television signals. In December 1958, the United States successfully launched its first communications satellite,
1191568
Germany–India relations


signed a MoU regarding the teaching of German language in "Kendriya Vidyalaya" public schools in India and the reciprocal introduction of Sanskrit and modern Indian language in government schools in Germany. Starting from 1999, several German educational institutions have relied on satellite launch services provided by ISRO. DLR-Tubsat, BIRD, Rubin-8, Compass-1, Rubin-9A, Rubin-9B, BeeSat, UWE-2 & AISAT were all successfully launched using the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. Stiff competition between foreign manufactured goods within the Indian market has seen machine-tools, automotive parts
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Indian Space Research Organisation


-II. The total cost of launching the satellite is estimated to be about ₹2,350,000,000 (₹235 crore). The cost associated with the launch was met by the Government of India. The satellite enables full range of applications and services in the areas of telecommunication and broadcasting applications such as television (TV), direct-to-home (DTH), very small aperture terminals (VSATs), tele-education, telemedicine and disaster management support. The Ministry of Civil Aviation has decided to implement an indigenous Satellite-Based
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PSLV-C35


was also the 102nd overall launch by Indian Space Research Organisation. PSLV-C35 was the first spaceflight by ISRO to place satellites in two different orbits with a single rocket. It carried and injected eight satellites built by India, Algeria, Canada and United States. PSLV-C35 carried and deployed eight satellites in two different orbits in a single mission (Polar and Sun-synchronous orbit). This was the first time India had placed satellites in two orbits in a single mission. The vehicle carried three satellites from India (
514502
Pakistan Remote Sensing Satellite


The Pakistan Remote Sensing Satellite (PRSS), commercially known as Remote Sensing Satellite System (RSSS), is a dual-purpose Earth observational and optical satellite. Pakistan Remote Sensing Satellite-1 (PRSS-1) was launched from China's Jiuquan Satellite Centre on 9 July 2018. After successful launching and operation of Badr satellite programme which contained the experimental Low Earth Observational satellites in the 1990s and early 2000s, SUPARCO launched the work on the high resolution Remote Sensing Satellite (PRSSS) to meet the national and international user requirements in the field
12963417
Israeli Educational Television


newly established IBA's general public channel. The two organizations would share a single channel for many years to come, the only Israeli television channel until the late 1980s, when the experimental transmissions of the Israeli Channel 2 started. When the then Channel 2 commercial channel launched officially in 1993, IETV received dedicated slots with commercial inserts . On June 6, 1995 IETV launched another 24/7 dedicated new channel "Educational 23" which ran exclusively on cable television and from 2001 also on YES - Israel's only DTH (pay satellite television
19232047
Communications satellite


; then from Hawaii to Cape Canaveral; and finally, across the world from Hawaii to Manchester. The first satellite purpose-built to relay communications was NASA's Project SCORE in 1958, which used a tape recorder to store and forward voice messages. It was used to send a Christmas greeting to the world from U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Courier 1B, built by Philco, launched in 1960, was the world's first active repeater satellite. The first artificial satellite used solely to further advances in global communications was a
1587445
Cartosat-1


Cartosat-1 or IRS-P5 is a stereoscopic Earth observation satellite in a sun-synchronous orbit, and the first one of the Cartosat series of satellites. The satellite was built, launched and maintained by the Indian Space Research Organisation. Weighing around 1560 kg at launch, its applications will mainly be towards cartography in India. It was launched by PSLV-C6, on 5 May 2005 from the newly built Second Launch Pad at Sriharikota. Images from the satellite will be available from GeoEye for worldwide distribution. The satellite covers the
4354633
ASTRO (satellite)


Autonomous Space Transport Robotic Operations (ASTRO), is an American technology demonstration satellite which was operated as part of the Orbital Express programme. It was used to demonstrate autonomous servicing and refuelling operations in orbit, performing tests on the NEXTSat satellite which was launched with ASTRO for that purpose. Launched in March 2007, it was operated for four months, and then deactivated in orbit. ASTRO was launched by United Launch Alliance on an Atlas V 401 rocket; serial number AV-013. The launch occurred at 03:10 UTC on 9 March 2007
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Indian Space Research Organisation


held in Nepal in 2014, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi mooted the idea of a satellite serving the needs of SAARC member nations, part of his 'neighbourhood first' policy. One month after sworn in as Prime Minister of India, in June 2014 Modi asked ISRO to develop a SAARC satellite, which can be dedicated as a 'gift' to the neighbors. It is a satellite for the SAARC region with 12 Ku-band transponders (36 MHz each) and launch using the Indian Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle GSLV Mk
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Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems


Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems is a research lab belonging to Indian Space Research Organisation. It involves in design and development of optics and sensor modules that can be deployed either onboard satellite or with the launch vehicle. Established in 1993, Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems was established at the same place where the first Indian satellite Aryabhatta was fabricated in 1975, namely Bangalore. The laboratory has developed sensors for tracking Earth and Stars for the satellites which were launched when the space research was ushering in India. Satellites like Aryabata,
8907808
Satcom (satellite)


1, 1980. CNN had been scheduled for a Satcom 3 transponder but that satellite failed to reach geosynchronous orbit upon its launch on December 7, 1979. Shortly after its launch, Satcom 1 was the first satellite used by broadcast TV networks in the United States. The networks ABC, NBC, and CBS distributed their programming content to some local affiliate stations, which had before relied on AT&T's terrestrial microwave and coaxial networks to distribute & relay programming (although NBC used it on an experimental basis for this purpose in the
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Military satellite


their positions before they launched their SLBMs. The USAF had requirements for a more accurate and reliable navigation system, as did the United States Army for geodetic surveying for which purpose they had developed the SECOR system. SECOR used ground-based transmitters from known locations that sent signals to satellite transponder in orbit. A fourth ground-based station, at an undetermined position, could then use those signals to fix its location precisely. The last SECOR satellite was launched in 1969. In 1978, the first experimental Block-I GPS
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GSAT-20


GSAT-20 is a communication satellite jointly being developed by Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre and Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre and will be launched by ISRO. GSAT-20 will be a continuation of GSAT series of communication satellites. The satellite is intended to add data transmission capacity to the communication infrastructure required by Smart Cities Mission of India. It will be the first fully Electric Propulsion/EP enabled satellite which can be five to six times more efficient than chemical-based propulsion. It will be the first ISRO made satellite to move from Geostationary transfer
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Uhuru (satellite)


Uhuru was the first satellite launched specifically for the purpose of X-ray astronomy. It was also known as the X-ray Explorer Satellite, SAS-A (for "Small Astronomy Satellite" A, being first of the three-spacecraft SAS series), SAS 1, or Explorer 42. The observatory was launched on December 12, 1970 into an initial orbit of about 560 km apogee, 520 km perigee, 3 degrees inclination, with a period of 96 minutes. The mission ended in March 1973. Uhuru
3094677
Indian Space Research Organisation


the communication satellite into a geosynchronous transfer orbit sixteenminutes after takeoff. GSAT-19 satellite has a mass of , and is configured around ISRO's standard I-3K bus. On 14 July GSLV-Mk III was supposed to launch Chandrayaan 2 but due to some technical issues regarding the helium tank it was postpone to 22 July 2019. On 22 July 2019 the GSLV-Mk III launched India's second moon mission 'Chandrayaan-II' successfully into Earth orbit. Decade-wise summary of GSLV III launches: India's first satellite,
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Redstone (rocket family)


. The Vanguard launch vehicle was the civil rocket program in development for this purpose, so the administration ordered ABMA's research director, Wernher von Braun, not to attempt any satellite launches. The Vanguard rocket failed on its first attempt to launch the Vanguard satellite in December 1957, crashing back to the pad and exploding. Following this setback and in the wake of the Sputnik crisis, the administration changed course and turned to the Army, asking ABMA and von Braun to launch the JPL-built satellite as soon as possible.
2524861
Explorer 4


Explorer 4 was an American satellite launched on July 26, 1958. It was instrumented by Dr. James van Allen's group. The Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency had initially planned two satellites for the purposes of studying the Van Allen radiation belts and the effects of nuclear explosions upon these belts (and the Earth's magnetosphere in general), however Explorer 4 was the only such satellite launched as the other, Explorer 5, suffered launch failure. Explorer 4 was a cylindrically shaped satellite instrumented to make the first detailed
16814662
Anti-Japanese sentiment


first in the world in mathematics, science and other quantifiable measures of national strength necessary to boost technological and economic supremacy. Notorious "Japan-bashing" took place alongside the image of Japan as superhuman, mimicking in some ways the image of the Soviet Union after it launched the first Sputnik satellite in 1957: both events turned the spotlight on American education. American bureaucrats purposely pushed this analogy. In 1982, Ernest Boyer, a former U.S. Commissioner of Education, publicly declared that, "What we need is another Sputnik"
17385045
Satellite television by region


since 2008. DDishTV LLC is the satellite television operator in Mongolia. The medium-scale Broadcasting Satellite for Experimental Purposes (BSE) was planned by Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MOPT) and developed by the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) since 1974. After that, the first Japanese experimental broadcasting satellite, called BSE or Yuri, was launched in 1978. NHK started experimental broadcasting of TV program using BS-2a satellite on May, 1984. The satellite BS-2a was launched in preparation for the start of full scale
9551242
Delta IV Heavy


seconds early; this resulted in a lower staging velocity for which the second stage was unable to compensate. The payload was left in a lower than intended orbit. Its first operational payload was the DSP-23 satellite, successfully launched in 2007; it was then used to launch a further five visual and electronic reconnaissance satellites for the National Reconnaissance Office through 2013. In December 2014, the Delta IV Heavy was used to launch an uncrewed test flight of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, designated EFT-1. After several delays on December
3177733
GSAT-14


the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, atop a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk.II (GSLV Mk.II) rocket at 10:48 UTC (16:18 local time) on 5 January 2014. The 29-hour countdown began on 4 January 2014. The flight marked India's forty-first satellite launch, the eighth launch of a GSLV, and the second flight of the Mk.II variant, whose maiden flight with GSAT-4 had failed in 2010. It ended a run of four consecutive GSLV launch failures which began with INSAT-4C in 2006.
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Satish Dhawan Space Centre SLV Launch Pad


The SLV Launch Pad or the Sriharikota SLV of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre is a rocket launch site in Sriharikota, India that began operation in 1979 and was decommissioned in 1994. It was used by two launch vehicles of the ISRO: the Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV) and the Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV). Initially it was built for launching SLV-3s but was later also used as an ASLV launch complex. The first launch from this pad occurred on 10 August 1979, and was that of the first experimental flight
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Indonesia


system called Palapa, a series of communication satellites owned by Indosat Ooredoo. The first satellite, PALAPA A1 was launched on 8 July 1976 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, United States. , Indonesia has launched 16 satellites for various purposes, and the space agency has expressed a desire to put satellites in orbit with native launch vehicles by 2040. Tourism contributed around US$28.2 billion to GDP in 2017. In the same year, Indonesia received 14.04 million visitors, a growth of 21.8% in one year, spending an
14764969
GSAT-11


GSAT-11 is an Indian geostationary communications satellite. The 5854 kg satellite is based on the new I-6K Bus and carry 40 transponders in the Ku-band and Ka-band frequencies (32 Ka × Ku-Band Forward Link Transponders and 8 Ku × Ka band Return Link Transponders), which are capable of providing up to 16 Gbit/s throughput. GSAT-11 is India's heaviest satellite. Initially the satellite was planned to be launched in May 2018, but was delayed after ISRO recalled it back to India from the launch
14806405
Applications Technology Satellite


The Applications Technology Satellites (ATS) were a series of experimental satellites launched by NASA, under the supervision of, among others, Wernher von Braun. The program was launched in 1966 to test the feasibility of placing a satellite into geosynchronous orbit. The satellites were primarily designed to act as communication satellites, but also carried equipment related to meteorology and navigation. ATS-6 was the world's first educational satellite as well as world's first experimental Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) as part of the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE)
7144933
Comparison of Asian national space programs


and LAPAN A2 satellites were launched by India in 2015. Indonesia has undertaken programs to develop and use their own small space launch vehicle Pengorbitan (RPS-420). South Korea is a newer player in the Asian space race. In August 2006 South Korea launched its first military communications satellite, the Mugunghwa-5. The satellite was placed in geosynchronous orbit and collects surveillance information about North Korea. The South Korean government is spending hundreds of millions of dollars in space technology and was due to launch its first space launcher, the Korea Space Launch
4956965
Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad


Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle carrying the IRS-1E satellite. As of November 2013, 19 PSLVs (1 Failure, 1 Partial Success & 17 Fully Successful) and 3 GSLVs (1 Failure & 2 Fully Successful) have been launched from here. The latest one was the successful launch of PSLV-C33 on 28 April 2016 carrying IRNSS-1G, India's seventh and last satellite of the Indian Regional Navigational system Satellites. Prime Minister Narendra Modi gave a brief speech about the launch. "The individual stages of PSLV or GSLV, their
10207522
Bhaskara (satellite)


Bhaskara-I and II were two satellites built by the Indian Space Research Organisation that formed India's first low orbit Earth Observation Satellite. They collected data on telemetry, oceanography and hydrology. Both satellites are named after ancient Indian mathematicians Bhāskara I and Bhāskara II. Bhaskara-I, weighing 444 kg at launch, was launched on 7 June 1979 from Kapustin Yar aboard the Intercosmos launch vehicle. It was placed in an orbital Perigee and Apogee of 394 km and 399 km at an inclination of 50.7°. The satellite consisted
657937
Iranian Space Agency


purpose. Iran is also planning to launch satellites into orbits of up to 36,000 kilometers in 2016. The main launch site of the Iranian Space Agency is Emamshahr, located at , where suborbital Shahab 3s LV have been launched. Qom, located at , is the other launch site. On occasion of the inaugural launch of Iran's first Safir-class sub-orbital rocket called Kavoshgar-1 (Explorer-1), Iran unveiled on 4 February 2008, its first Satellite Launch Center in Semnan. The facility includes an underground command and control
12334939
Indian Space Research Organisation


-oneIndian and fortyforeign) into a variety of orbits. The maximum number of satellites launched by the PSLV in a single launch is 104, in the PSLV-C37 launch on 15February 2017. Decade-wise summary of PSLV launches: The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) is an expendable launch system developed to enable India to launch its INSAT-type satellites into geostationary orbit and to make India less dependent on foreign rockets. At present, it is ISRO's second-heaviest launch vehicle and is capable of putting a
16380070
Satellite imagery


. Spot Image is also the exclusive distributor of data from the high resolution Pleiades satellites with a resolution of 0.50 meter or about 20 inches. The launches occurred in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The company also offers infrastructures for receiving and processing, as well as added value options. BlackBridge, previously known as RapidEye, operates a constellation of five satellites, launched in August 2008, the RapidEye constellation contains identical multispectral sensors which are equally calibrated. Therefore, an image from one satellite will be equivalent to an image from any
17328951
Indian Space Research Organisation


military use and the rest as dual use satellites, India has the fourth largest number of satellites active in the sky which includes satellites for the exclusive use of Indian Air Force and Indian Navy respectively. GSAT-7A, an advanced military communications satellite exclusively for the Indian Air Force, is similar to Indian navy's GSAT-7, and GSAT-7A will enhance Network-centric warfare capabilities of the Indian Air Force by interlinking different ground radar stations, ground airbase and Airborne early warning and control (AWACS) aircraft such as Beriev A-50 Phalcon and DRDO
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