british prime ministers in the last 50 years
Letters of last resort


The letters of last resort are four identically worded handwritten letters from the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to the commanding officers of the four British ballistic missile submarines. They contain orders on what action to take in the event that an enemy nuclear strike has destroyed the British government and has killed or otherwise incapacitated both the prime minister and the "second person" (normally a high-ranking member of the Cabinet) whom the prime minister has designated to make a decision on how to act in the event of the prime minister
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Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom


The spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the wife or husband of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. To date, there have been forty-four women and two men who have been married to British prime ministers in office. There have also been four bachelor and nine widower prime ministers; the last bachelor was Edward Heath (1970–1974) and the last widower was Ramsay MacDonald (1924, 1929–1935). The Duke of Grafton (1766–1768) is the only Prime Minister to have divorced and remarried while
2405814
2nd G7 summit


The 2nd G7 summit was the first summit for British Prime Minister James Callaghan and Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau as it was formed with the addition of Canada. It was also the last summit for Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro, Japanese Prime Minister Takeo Miki and U.S. President Gerald Ford. These summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum: Trudeau of Canada had been invited because he had eight years experience. The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter
17020419
History of the Constitution of the United Kingdom


Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, which would begin negotiations on a withdrawal agreement that will last no more than two years (unless the Council and the UK agree to extend the negotiation period) which will ultimately lead to an exit from the European Union. In October 2016 the prime minister, Theresa May, promised a "Great Repeal Bill" which would repeal the 1972 European Communities Act and import its regulations into UK law, with effect from the date of British withdrawal. The regulations could then be amended or repealed on
14339899
33rd G8 summit


pressure. The G8 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States. The 33rd G8 summit was the first summit for French President Nicolas Sarkozy and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe. It was also the last for British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi and Russian President Vladimir Putin (Putin would return to the 39th G8 summit six years later). These summit participants are the current "
20464206
Historical rankings of Prime Ministers of Canada


the highest rated prime Minister based on three aggregate results from Maclean's, and is also Canada's longest serving prime minister. The Institute for Research on Public Policy undertook a survey to rank the prime ministers who had served in the 50 years preceding 2003. They ranked those nine prime ministers as follows: ^ Served less than 10 months as Prime Minister, while all others served for more than 4 years, 11 months. In October 2016, Maclean's again ranked the prime ministers, this time splitting them into two lists
10471055
Abdullah Ahmad Badawi


it is detrimental to Malaysia's position as a traditional exporter. On 31 August 2007, Abdullah Badawi shouted 'Merdeka!' during the midnight celebrations of Malaysia's 50 years of nationhood. The celebrations were held at Merdeka Square, Kuala Lumpur, where thousands of people had congregated. This was a symbolic gesture which emulated the actions of Malaya's first prime minister, the late Tunku Abdul Rahman, when the latter declared independence from the British in 1957. Abdullah Badawi won a second term as prime minister by winning the 12th
1036946
List of Prime Ministers of Canada by time in office


each parliament, but rather serves one continuous term. When a prime minister holds office in more than one parliament, it is customarily referred to as the prime minister's first government, second government, and so on. A majority government normally lasts around four years, since general elections for Parliament are normally held every four years. Minority governments generally last for a shorter period. The shortest minority government, Prime Minister Meighen's second government, lasted just under three months. A prime minister who is selected by the governing party
14694926
Somerville College, Oxford


Minister of the United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher; the first, and only, British woman to win a Nobel Prize in science Dorothy Hodgkin and the first woman to lead the world's largest democracy Indira Gandhi, who was Prime Minister of India for much of the 1970s. Somerville educated at least 28 Dames, 16 heads of Oxford colleges, 11 life peers, ten MP's, four Olympic rowers, three of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945", two prime ministers, two princesses, a queen consort, and
8794067
Northern Future Forum


The discussion themes of the 2014 meeting were: At the Helsinki meeting the Prime Minister of Iceland Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson invited delegates to Reykjavik for the next Northern Future Forum. The meeting was held on 28–29 October at the University of Iceland, being held in continuation of the 67 session of the Nordic Council in Reykjavik. Themes for this year's meeting were: Attending the forum British Prime Minister David Cameron became the first British Premier to officially visit Iceland since it became a republic in 1944, the last being Winston Churchill in August
7958112
17th G7 summit


Minister John Major and the last summit for Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti. It was also the last summit for Japanese Prime Minister Toshiki Kaifu. These summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum: British Prime Minister John Major sent a letter to other members of the G7, asking for their permission to invite Mikhail Gorbachev, who has been pressing to come to London to plead for more Western economic support for his country. Pressure to invite Mr. Gorbachev had come mainly from the leaders of France, Germany
16511847
Harold Macmillan


Macmillan was the last British prime minister born during the Victorian era, the last to have served in the First World War and the last to receive a hereditary peerage. At the time of his death, he was the longest-lived prime minister in British history, a record surpassed by James Callaghan on 14 February 2005. Macmillan was born at 52 Cadogan Place in Chelsea, London, to Maurice Crawford Macmillan (1853–1936), a publisher, and his wife, the former Helen (Nellie) Artie Tarleton Belles (1856–1937
3149246
John Dring


Following the Partition of India in 1947, Dring served as the Prime Minister of Bahawalpur, a Muslim-majority princely state. He was Bahawalpur's second Prime Minister, and last Prime Minister of British origin, and served from 1948 to 1952. Dring oversaw a transformation in the way of life of the people of Bahwalpur from a desert to a pastoral way of life. He supported and encouraged the Nawab in the developing over a dozen treaties with the British, in the mutual interests of both parties. The Princely State of
14256377
Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby


Edward George Geoffrey Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, (29 March 1799 – 23 October 1869) was a British statesman, three-time Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and, to date, the longest-serving leader of the Conservative Party. He was known before 1834 as Edward Stanley, and from 1834 to 1851 as Lord Stanley. He is one of only four British prime ministers to have three or more separate periods in office. However, his ministries each lasted less than two years and totalled three
8097087
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom


Allen (a Government Whip during Tony Blair's first government) made the case in "The Last Prime Minister: Being Honest About the UK Presidency" (2003) that in fact the office of prime minister has presidential powers. However, the presidentialisation thesis has been extensively criticised as well. Keith Dowding, for example, argues that British Prime Ministers are already more powerful than the American presidents, as the Prime Minister is part of the legislature, and unlike presidents, can directly initiate legislation. Thus, Dowding argues that
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Annie Hacker


Anne "Annie" Hacker, Lady Hacker of Islington is a fictional character in the 1980s British sitcom "Yes Minister" and its sequel, "Yes, Prime Minister". She was portrayed by Diana Hoddinott. In "Yes Minister" Annie is the wife of Jim Hacker, Minister for Administrative Affairs, a cabinet post. In the last episode, "Party Games", her husband is appointed Prime Minister, and also plays the title role throughout "Yes, Prime Minister". She is mother to the couple
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Cabinet of the United Kingdom


, the development of a unified civil service, and the growth of the Prime Minister's private office and Cabinet secretariat. Graham Allen (a Government Whip during Tony Blair's first government) makes the case in "The Last Prime Minister: Being Honest About the UK Presidency" (2003) that the office of prime minister has presidential powers, as did Michael Foley in "The British Presidency" (2000). However the power that a prime minister has over his or her cabinet colleagues is directly proportional to the amount
2589492
William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne


issues to handle, he lacked major achievements, he enunciated no grand principles, and he was involved in several political scandals in the early years of Victoria's reign. Melbourne was Prime Minister on two occasions. The first occasion ended when he was dismissed by King William IV in 1834, the last British prime minister to be dismissed by a monarch. Six months later he was re-appointed and served for six years. Born in London in 1779 to an aristocratic Whig family, William Lamb was the son of the 1st
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Yes Minister


Yes Minister is a political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn. Split over three seven-episode series, it was first transmitted on BBC2 from 1980 to 1984. A sequel, "Yes, Prime Minister", lasted 17 episodes and ran from 1986 to 1988. All but one of the episodes lasted half an hour, and almost all ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Minister (later, Prime Minister) Jim Hacker. Several episodes
6949751
Withdrawal from the European Union


the process is reversible as does Jens Dammann. Professor Stephen Weatherill disagrees. Former Brexit Secretary David Davis has stated that the British Government "does not know for sure" whether Article 50 is revocable; the British prime minister "does not intend" to reverse it. Extension of the two years time from notification to exit from the union, still requires unanimous support from all member countries, that is clearly stated in Article 50(3). Should a former member state seek to rejoin the European Union after having actually left, it
13691157
List of Somerville College, Oxford people


MP's, four Olympic rowers, three of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945", two prime ministers, two princesses, a queen consort and a Nobel laureate. Somervillians have achieved an impressive number of "firsts", both (inter)nationally and at the University of Oxford. The most distinguishable being that of the first woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher; the first, and only, British woman to win a Nobel Prize in science Dorothy Hodgkin and the first woman to lead the world's largest
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Prime Minister's Questions


relatively few in number, because many substantive matters are handled by the other Ministers in the Cabinet. By requiring the Prime Minister to list his or her engagements, the members may then inquire whether the Prime Minister ought to be engaged in some other activity or be taking some other action. Before listing the day's engagements, the Prime Minister sometimes extends condolences or offers congratulations after significant events. During the Iraq War, Tony Blair introduced the practice of naming any British military personnel who had been killed in service since the last
4703090
Prime Minister of India


—was elected as the country's first woman prime minister. Indira's first term in office lasted 11 years, in which she took steps such as nationalisation of banks; end of allowances and political posts, which were received by members of the royal families of the erstwhile princely states of British India. In addition, events such as the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971; the establishment of a sovereign Bangladesh; accession of Sikkim to India, through a referendum in 1975; and India's first nuclear test in Pokhran occurred
4740006
Prime Minister of South Africa


hero during the Second Boer War. He was the country's leading political figure and "de facto" chief executive, with powers similar to those of his British counterpart. The position of Prime Minister was abolished in 1984, when the State President was given executive powers after a new constitution was adopted—effectively merging the powers of the Prime Minister with those of the State President. The last Prime Minister, P. W. Botha, became the first executive State President after the constitutional reform. In post-Apartheid South Africa,
11806432
Beth Chapman


James Chapman, with whom she has two sons, Winston Taylor Chapman (named in honor of former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill) and William Thatcher Chapman (named in honor of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher). Her husband, James Chapman unexpectedly died on April 3, 2011, of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) at the age of 50. The family lives in Hoover, Alabama. Chapman also maintains a residence in Montgomery, Alabama. From 1995 to 1996, she served as Appointments Secretary in the Cabinet
15329732
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom


, but during his 10-year reign was indolent and frivolous. Consequently, for 20 years the throne was virtually vacant and Tory Cabinets led by Tory Prime Ministers filled the void, governing virtually on their own. The Tories were in power for almost 50 years, except for a Whig ministry from 1806 to 1807. Lord Liverpool was Prime Minister for 15 years; he and Pitt held the position for 34 years. Under their long, consistent leadership, Cabinet government became a convention of the constitution. Although subtle issues remained to be
4572512
Section 4 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms


official), usually the Governor General acts on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada. Before and after section 4, the Prime Minister may call an election early simply because he or she feels it is the right time, or because he or she may be faced with a non-confidence motion. In 1916, an exception was made to the rule so that a House of Commons could last longer than five years, but this had to be done through a constitutional amendment, namely the British North America Act,
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Minority government


and 1945. The Labour Party, led by Harold Wilson, formed a minority government for seven months after the General Election of February 1974. That situation lasted until the prime minister called another election in October that year, following which the Labour Government obtained a tiny majority of three. The following administration also became a minority government after the collapse of the Lib–Lab pact in 1977, and the then British Prime Minister James Callaghan's Government fell in March 1979 as the result of a vote of no confidence which was carried
383242
Robert Bathurst


which was his last theatre role for several years. In the "Daily Telegraph", Charles Spencer described his role as Tesman as a "weird casting choice" but called his acting "a brave stab". In 2001, Bathurst appeared in the music video for Westlife's Comic Relief single "Uptown Girl". In 2002, straight after finishing "Cold Feet", Bathurst went straight into filming "My Dad's the Prime Minister", a series in which he portrays fictional British prime minister Michael Philips. The
3978237
Chaim Weizmann


having a presence in Palestine in preference to the French. Imperial interests on the Suez Canal as well as sympathy after the Holocaust were important factors for British support. Jewish immigration was purposely limited by the British administration. Weizmann agreed with the policy but was afraid of the rise of the Nazis. From 1933 there were year-on-year leaps in mass immigration by 50%. Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald's attempted reassurance on economic grounds in a White Paper did little to stabilize Arab-Israeli relations. In 1936 Weizmann addressed
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Denis Thatcher


Sir Denis Thatcher, 1st Baronet, (10 May 1915 – 26 June 2003) was a British businessman and the husband of Margaret Thatcher, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was the first man married to a British prime minister and is, as of , the last commoner to be awarded a hereditary title—granted in 1990. Thatcher was born in Lewisham, south London, as the first-born child of a New Zealand-born British businessman, Thomas Herbert "Jack" Thatcher. At
15094620
History of the Central Intelligence Agency


British naval embargo successfully shutters the British oil facilities. Iran has no skilled workers to operate the British facilities, and no way of exporting the product anyway. In 1952 Mosaddeq bucked against royal refusal to approve his Minister of War, aiming to take control of the military from the Shah. Mosaddeq resigned in protest, and the Shah installed Ahmad Qavam as PM. Again the National Front, and Tudeh took to the streets, again threatening assassinations (four Iran Prime Ministers had been assassinated in the last few years). Five
18631183
Khaleda Zia


two sons with corruption. For the better part of the last two decades, Zia's chief rival has been Awami League leader Sheikh Hasina. The two women have alternated as non-interim prime ministers since 1991. In February 2018, Zia was jailed for five years for corruption. She was found guilty of embezzling the funds for an orphanage trust set up when she was prime minister. Khaleda Khanam "Putul" was born in 1945 in Jalpaiguri in the then undivided Dinajpur District in Bengal Presidency, British India (now in
13538244
Juliet Pannett


the events of the House. Sitting in the gallery of the Commons Pannett drew such historically significant events as Winston Churchill's last appearance in the house in 1964. Pannett later formally drew several other British Prime Ministers, including Alec Douglas-Home, who told her that he had "the biggest head in London" and could never find a hat to fit him. Later Prime Ministers painted by Pannett included Edward Heath, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher. For several years around 1960, Pannett supplied the Radio Times with drawings of
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USS Twiggs (DD-127)


to the problems respectively facing the U.S. and Britain. Accordingly, he and the Prime Minister reached the Destroyers for Bases Agreement; in exchange for transferring 50 World War I-era destroyers to the British, the U.S. would gain 99-year leases on strategic base sites in the Western Hemisphere. As the summer of 1940 gave way to fall, "Twiggs" began preparation for her transfer to Britain. She arrived at Halifax, Nova Scotia—the turnover point for the "50 ships that saved the world"—on 16 October 1940. The
2295625
Deputy Prime Minister of Canada


recognize the long years of service of Allan J. MacEachen. Before then, Trudeau had given the title of "Senior Minister" to a member of his cabinet. The last to occupy that position was Paul Hellyer. Joe Clark's government did not have a deputy prime minister. Similarly, Prime Ministers Stephen Harper and Justin Trudeau did not designate a deputy prime minister, meaning Canada's most recent deputy prime minister was Anne McLellan, who in 2006, was also the first deputy prime minister to lose her seat in the House
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Chancellor of the Exchequer


powerful office in British politics after the prime minister. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is now always Second Lord of the Treasury as one of the Lords Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Treasurer. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, it was common for the prime minister also to serve as Chancellor of the Exchequer if he sat in the Commons; the last chancellor who was simultaneously prime minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer was Stanley Baldwin in 1923. Formerly, in cases when the chancellorship was vacant, the Lord Chief
20212406
Phraya Manopakorn Nititada


then exiled to Penang, British Malaya, by train and spent the rest of his life there until his death in 1948, aged 64. Not only was Phraya Manopakorn, Siam's first Prime Minister, he was also the first Siamese Prime Minister to be ousted by a coup. Especially significant is the fact that it was the military who removed him. Although he was the first, he would not be the last civilian Prime Minister to be ousted in a military coup. His legacy is debatable; on the one hand
20693999
Prime Minister of Nepal


which carried executive powers of nation. "Mukhtiyar" is formed from two words: "Mukhya" and "Akhtiyar". "Mukhya" means Chief and "Akhtiyar" means Authority. Altogether it means the "Executive Head of the State". "Mukhtiyar" held the position of Executive Head till adoption of title of Prime Minister on 1843 A.D. The first Mukhtiyar to title himself as Prime Minister, as per the British convention, was the last "Mukhtiyar" Mathabar Singh Thapa. Mathabar Singh became Mukhtiyar as well as
5950931
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury


Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, (; 3 February 183022 August 1903), styled Lord Robert Cecil before the death of his elder brother in 1865, Viscount Cranborne from June 1865 until his father died in April 1868, and then the Marquess of Salisbury, was a British statesman, serving as Prime Minister three times for a total of over thirteen years. A member of the Conservative Party, he was the last Prime Minister to head his full administration from the House of Lords. Lord Robert Cecil
8197588
USS Wickes (DD-75)


their toll in their operations against British convoys. With Italy's entry into the war in the summer of 1940, the British were faced with another long lifeline to defend in the Mediterranean. Prime Minister Winston Churchill appealed to President Roosevelt for assistance; and, during the summer of 1940, an agreement was worked out between the United States and Great Britain. In return for 50 "overage" American destroyers transferred to the Royal Navy, the United States received leases, for a duration of 99 years, on strategic base sites
15861433
Prime Minister of New Zealand


the need to build consensus with other leading members of Cabinet and of the governing party, including those who represented various ideological wings of the party. Other institutions, including Parliament itself and the wider state bureaucracy, also acted as limits on prime ministerial power; in 1912 Thomas Mackenzie was the last prime minister to lose power through an unsuccessful confidence motion in the House of Representatives. One change brought about by the First World War was direct participation in governing the British Empire. Previously, New Zealand prime ministers had attended occasional colonial
15763422
List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom by age


party wins the most seats therein, Jeremy Corbyn will surpass Palmerston as the oldest Prime Minister to assume the office for the first time. The oldest Prime Minister to be appointed overall was William Ewart Gladstone (aged 82 years, 230 days) when he was appointed for the fourth and final time on 15 August 1892. Gladstone was also the oldest Prime Minister to leave office (aged 84 years, 63 days) at his final retirement on 2 March 1894. There are currently six living British prime ministers including incumbent Boris Johnson
10685259
No. 50 Commando


No. 50 Commando was a battalion-sized British Commando unit of the British Army during the Second World War. The commando was formed in 1940, from volunteers in Egypt and Palestine. Shortly after formation it was amalgamated with No. 52 Commando and became 'D' Battalion, Layforce. The commandos were formed in 1940, by the order of Winston Churchill the British Prime Minister. He called for specially trained troops that would "develop a reign of terror down the enemy coast". At first they were a small
8082485
United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union


the European Union will need to begin under a new Prime Minister, and I think it is right that this new Prime Minister takes the decision about when to trigger Article 50 and start the formal and legal process of leaving the EU." After a court case, the government introduced a bill that was passed as the European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017. Article 50 provides an invocation procedure whereby a member can notify the European Council and there is a negotiation period of up to two years, after which the
7103018
Prime Minister of Fiji


be tempered by the realities of coalition politics: the leader or leaders of coalition partners may insist on having a say in the matter too). Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara was appointed Fiji's first Prime Minister on 10 October 1970, when Fiji attained its independence from Britain. Mara previously served as Fiji's first an only Chief Minister, from 20 September 1967 (while Fiji still was a British colony). Mara's first term as Prime Minister lasted until 13 April 1987. He returned to the office for the second term
12579589
34th G8 summit


, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States. The 34th G8 summit was the first summit for British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, and was the last summit for U.S. President George W. Bush. It was also the first and only summit for Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda. Fukuda resigned as Japan's Prime Minister on September 1, and he being the first of the G8 leaders at the summit to leave office. French President Nicolas Sarkozy observed, "I think
16143155
22nd G7 summit


Russia from April 19 to 20 to deal with nuclear security issues. The G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. The 22nd G7 summit was the first summit for Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi and Japanese Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto. It was also the last summit for British Prime Minister John Major. These summit participants were the current "core members" of the international forum: Traditionally, the host country
16512004
35th G8 summit


Obama and was the last summit for British Prime Minister Gordon Brown. It was also the first and only summit for Japanese Prime Minister Taro Aso. Political changes in the G8 member nations were likely to affect the composition of the 35th G8 summit. France stated it wished China would become a full member by the time of the 37th G8 summit in 2011 was organized as France was the host member. However, this did not happen. Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi announced at the press conference at the end of the second day
18571122
Visy Industries


more than 50 years to strengthening ties between the two countries. It includes some of the most prominent business leaders in Australia, and is chaired by former British Airways CEO and current News Corporation director Sir Rod Eddington (AO). In October, Pratt's growing business interests in Asia prompted Australia's new Prime Minister Tony Abbott to invite him on an official visit to Indonesia – the first overseas’ trip by the incoming leader. Pratt has organised the build of a $50 million, 100% recycled plastics plant in Sydney
20345916
University of British Columbia


Academy of Arts & Sciences and the Royal Society, and 208 fellows to the Royal Society of Canada have been affiliated with UBC. Three Canadian prime ministers, including Canada's first female prime minister Kim Campbell and current prime minister Justin Trudeau have been educated at UBC. In 1877, six years after British Columbia joined Canada, the Superintendent of Education, John Jessop, submitted a proposal for the formation of a provincial University. The provincial legislature passed "An Act Respecting the University of British Columbia" in 1890, but disagreements
8756968
Records of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom


the shortest single one was Lord Rockingham, whose second term lasted 96 days from 27 March 1782 until his death on 1 July 1782. However, combined with his first term (13 July 176530 July 1766) his total time in office was 1 year and 113 days, which exceeds the total periods of several other Prime Ministers. (The Duke of Wellington had also served as Prime Minister between 1828 and 1830.) Consequently, the Prime Minister with the total shortest period in office was George Canning, whose sole term lasted
16798336
The Peshawar Lancers


, which was unable to survive without the ability to raise crops in winter-like conditions that lasted for three years. In order to survive, the British Government, under the leadership of Queen Victoria and Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, employed the Royal Navy and all merchant shipping to evacuate the population of the British Isles to its colonies in India, Australasia, and South Africa over the next several years. After martial law breaks down in 1881, the rioting British lower classes storm the remaining military outposts in London; unable to
7814701
List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom by age


the differing number of leap days occurring within the life of each Prime Minister. The first figure is the number of days between date of birth and date of death, allowing for leap days; in parentheses the same period given in years and days, with the number of whole years that the Prime Minister had lived, and the days being the remaining number of days from their last birthday. Where the prime minister in question is still living, their longevity is measured up to . The median age upon accession to the premiership
10685257
List of Prime Ministers of India by longevity


Minister lived, and the days being the remaining number of days after his/her last birthday. If a Prime Minister served more than one non-consecutive term, the dates listed below are for the beginning of their first term, and the end of their final term. The median age at which a Prime Minister first takes office is roughly 64 years and 8 months, which falls between Gulzarilal Nanda and Chandra Shekhar. The youngest person to become Prime Minister was Rajiv Gandhi, who became Prime Minister at the age of
9886227
Bonar Law


Andrew Bonar Law (16 September 1858 – 30 October 1923), commonly called Bonar Law (), was a Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1922-23. Born in the British colony of New Brunswick (now a Canadian province), Law was the first and only UK Prime Minister to have been born outside the British Isles, until Boris Johnson became Prime Minister on 24 July 2019. Johnson was born in New York City and had dual American-British citizenship for 52 years until
3896771
William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland


William Henry Cavendish Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, (14 April 1738 – 30 October 1809) was a British Whig and Tory politician during the late Georgian era. He served as Chancellor of the University of Oxford (1792–1809) and twice as British prime minister, of Great Britain (1783) and then of the United Kingdom (1807–09). The twenty-six years between his two terms as Prime Minister is the longest gap between terms of office of any British prime minister. Portland was known before 1762
8261112
Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia)


The Prime Minister's Department (, abbreviated JPM) is a federal government ministry in Malaysia. Its objective is "determining the services of all divisions are implemented according to policy, legislation / regulations and current guidelines". It is headed by the Prime Minister of Malaysia followed by other Minister in the Prime Minister's Department. The Department consists of the Prime Minister's Office, the Deputy Prime Minister's Office and more than 50 other government agencies and entities. The Prime Minister's Department was established in July 1957. Its
3893116
Kim Campbell


lasted until shortly before she became prime minister. Campbell is the second prime minister of Canada to have been divorced, after Pierre Trudeau. She briefly dated Gregory Lekhtman, the inventor of Exerlopers, during her term as prime minister, but the relationship was relatively private and she did not involve him in the 1993 election campaign. She is currently married to Hershey Felder, an actor, playwright, composer, and concert pianist. She remains close to Nathan Divinsky's daughter Pamelea. Campbell was the unsuccessful British Columbia Social Credit Party
15549741
David Lloyd George


David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was a British statesman and Liberal Party politician. He was the last Liberal to serve as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. As Chancellor of the Exchequer (1908–1915) during H. H. Asquith's tenure as Prime Minister, Lloyd George was a key figure in the introduction of many reforms which laid the foundations of the modern welfare state. His most important role came as the highly energetic Prime Minister of the Wartime Coalition
3070493
Australian peers and baronets


had emigrated to Australia. Peerage titles bestowed included some distinctly Australian titles, such as Viscount Bruce of Melbourne. Imperial Honours were recommended to the sovereign by the Prime Minister of Australia, an Australian state premier, or sometimes by the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Some Australians have been awarded peerages in recognition of services rendered in the United Kingdom, rather than Australia. The practice of awarding British Imperial Honours for services rendered in Australia generally came to a halt when Malcolm Fraser, the last Australian prime minister to make nominations
6350009
Elections in Canada


1930 and 1935 elections. Although the law has allowed for a five-year gap between elections, there have in fact only been two five-year gaps in the last 50 years: between 1974 and 1979 and between 1988 and 1993, and there have in fact been five general elections since 2000. It is also possible for a general election to be delayed should Canada be embroiled in a war or insurrection. This provision was enacted to allow Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden to delay a federal election for about a year during
2729361
Politics of Serbia


after consultations with all parliamentary leaders. The president is elected based on popular vote, but has little governing power and is primarily a ceremonial position. The president’s term lasts five years and can be elected for at most 2 terms. Cabinet ministers are nominated by the prime minister and confirmed by the National Assembly. Governing power is vested in the prime minister, deputy prime ministers and other ministers. The prime minister is responsible for presenting his agenda to the National Assembly as well as proposing the ministers to fill the cabinet posts
5889507
Victoria Working Men's Club


The club was renowned for the amount of money it raised to send cigarettes to British soldiers at the front in the First World War. It was visited by four overseas prime ministers and many British government ministers and by members of the British Royal Family. A photograph shows Alderman Szlumper seated between the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth). David Blomfield, former Chairman of the Richmond Local History Society, said: "In all, the club boasted of visits from 50 such VIPs over seven
19450794
List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom


post of Prime Minister was officially given recognition in the order of precedence. Modern historians generally consider Sir Robert Walpole, who led the government of Great Britain for over twenty years from 1721, as the first Prime Minister. Walpole is also the longest-serving British prime minister by this definition. However, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman was the first and Margaret Thatcher the longest-serving Prime Minister officially referred to as such in the order of precedence. The first to use the title in an official act was Benjamin Disraeli,
11821516
Billene Seyoum Woldeyes


government. In an open letter addressed to Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Dr. Abiy Ahmed, that was published by The Reporter, Billene Seyoum Weldeyes and Sewit Hailesellasie Tadesse pushed the Prime Minister to work towards gender equality and justice by recommending a few ideas that would strengthen the Prime Minister's commitment towards gender equality. Among them was a recommendation to create a 50-50 gender balance in the ministerial cabinet, Prime Minister's gender advisory group, CSO Law, the Women’s rights Defenders Forum, and many more. Ahmed responded
17764981
Government of Niger


President may not remove the Prime Minister, but may dissolve the National Assembly (although this is limited to once every two years). The President, Prime Minister, or Legislature may propose legislation. Legislation is subject to Presidential Veto, which may be overridden by the National Assembly by a vote of 50%+1. The Constitution of the Fifth Republic differs from that of the Third by giving greater powers to the President. The Third Republic faced intractable political crisis having found itself in 1995 in a "Cohabitation": a Prime Minister
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Iraqi revolt against the British


the occupation. Its leaders were exiled or kept under house arrest. Sadr himself kept a low profile, later to resurface as a prime minister in the country. But the effects of the revolt were profound. Ultimately, it curtailed the British occupation in Iraq. The mandate was scheduled to last 25 years but instead the British pulled out after 12, retaining influence but diminishing control over the country. Iraq's Shi'ite community, defeated but unbowed, was left out of government for the next 80 years. Its exclusion from power
7691342
Salem Masadeh


for 5 years. In 1989, an economic crisis hit Jordan, after Zaid AlRifai's government. Salem Masadeh was called back into Shareef Zaid bin Shaker's government as vice prime minister, and minister of Interior affairs. Eight months later, the prime minister resigned and Mudar Badran took office as the prime minister. Salem Masadeh was assigned again as the vice Prime minister and minister of Interior Affairs for the last time. After retiring from the government Masadeh a position as a senate member, and as a member of board of
12541122
Prime Minister's Questions


questions to other Ministers of the Crown: asked without notice, on days when ministers were available in whatever order MPs rose to ask them. In 1881 fixed time-limits for questions were introduced and questions to the prime minister were moved to the last slot of the day as a courtesy to the 72-year-old prime minister at the time, William Gladstone, so he could come to the Commons later in the day. In 1953, when Winston Churchill was prime minister, it was agreed that questions would be submitted on
4703081
Prime Minister of the Netherlands


Until 1901 the position chair of the Council of Ministers officially rotated between ministers. Between 1901 and 1945 the position formally still rotated but prominent politicians were able to claim a rotation period of four years. In 1937 a separate Ministry of General Affairs was instituted which was informally linked to the Prime Minister. Barend Biesheuvel (1971–1973) was the last Prime Minister who was not the political leader of the largest party in cabinet, but actually of the third largest. In 1983 the function of Prime Minister was laid down in the constitution
770773
Bernard Woolley


his understanding of political mastery. In the last scene of "The Tangled Web", the final episode of "Yes, Prime Minister", Woolley of his own accord both saves Sir Humphrey from public embarrassment and gives Hacker a lasting weapon to use against him, by acquiring a tape of Sir Humphrey describing the British public in many unpleasant ways, spoken off the record after a radio interview. This act of service to the Prime Minister can be seen as the final result of many series' wrestling between the two competing
954180
USS Thatcher (DD-162)


in the Gulf of Mexico through the summer of 1940. The European situation took a drastic turn with the fall of France in June 1940. British destroyer forces in the wake of the Norwegian campaign and the evacuation of Dunkirk found themselves thinly spread—especially after Italy entered the war on Germany's side. Prime Minister Winston Churchill appealed to the United States for help. In response, Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order authorizing the transfer of 50 "over age" destroyers to the British in return for 99-year leases on strategic
6162610
42nd G7 summit


a permanently welcome participant in all meetings and decision-making since 1981. The 42nd G7 summit was the first summit for Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. It was also the last summit for British Prime Minister David Cameron, French President François Hollande, Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, and U.S. President Barack Obama. The Japanese G7 presidency announced the following agenda: The G7 leaders aim to address challenges affecting the growth of the world economy, like slowdowns in emerging markets and drops in price of oil. The G7 also issued a
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Official state car


when it bore Tony Blair to Buckingham Palace on the day after the 1997 general election. A British racing green X308 took Gordon Brown to Buckingham Palace on 6 April 2010 to request the dissolution of Parliament, but it was the 2000 model that took him on his last ride as Prime Minister. All former prime ministers since 1975 have been provided with an armoured car, usually the same model as the current Prime Minister, along with police protection. John Major, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown were provided with cars. Blair also
9064921
Samy Vellu


35 years of age. He is a chartered architect and a member of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) and of the Malaysian Institute of Architect. "A Life. A Legend. A Legacy" written by award-winning author Bernice Narayanan reveals Samy Vellu's greatest achievements and setbacks as well as "behind-the-scenes" events in his almost 50 years of active politics. The biography was launched by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak. He has been awarded : Sungai Siput (federal constituency
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Billy Hughes


had established over 30 years earlier. According to H. V. Evatt, his speech "seemed at once to grip the attention of all honourable members present [...] nobody left the House, and nobody seemed to dare to move". Hughes celebrated a number of milestones in his last years in parliament. In 1944, a celebratory dinner was held to commemorate the 50th anniversary of his election to the Parliament of New South Wales, and 50 consecutive years of service as an MP. Prime Minister John Curtin toasted him as someone
20449767
Surya Bahadur Thapa


Surya Bahadur Thapa (; March 21, 1928 – April 15, 2015) was the only Nepali politician a five-time Prime Minister of Nepal. He served under three different kings in a political career lasting more than 50 years. He was elected to the Upper house in 1959 and was appointed to the chair of the Council of Ministers from 1963–64. He went on to serve four further terms: 1965–69, 1979–83, 1997–98, and again in 2003 before leaving his Rastriya Prajatantra Party in November 2004. Surya Thapa was the
4092751
Records of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom


Prime Minister widowed the shortest is James Callaghan, who died on 26 March 2005. His wife, Audrey Callaghan, died on 15 March 2005, only 11 days before him. Only three British Prime Ministers have been divorced: Only four British Prime Ministers have been bachelors: At least 24 British Prime Ministers were related to at least one other Prime Minister by blood or marriage. Two sets of father and son have successively held the office: The only brothers to hold the office were Henry Pelham, who was succeeded on his
16798385
The New Turkey


"Morris's central point is that the state has not kept pace with its people: what they were willing to accept 50 years ago, when their economy was closed and contact with the outside world was limited, is not what they want or expect today." Freely, writing in September 2005, concludes that, "the picture today is not quite as bright as it was when Morris wrote his epilogue. Tayyip Erdogan, the reforming prime minister, looks much weaker than he did this time last year, while anti
15343796
List of Prime Ministers of New Zealand by age


on 28 May 1930. The three youngest people when they first became prime minister were: The three oldest people when they first became prime minister were: The three oldest people to last leave the office of prime minister were: The three youngest people to last leave the office of prime minister were: Not all prime ministers live to become the oldest of their time. Of the 32 deceased prime ministers, 15 eventually became the oldest of their time, while 17 did not (including all 5 prime ministers who died in office
8310998
List of Prime Ministers of Canada by longevity


the Prime Minister lived, and the days being the remaining number of days after his/her last birthday. If a Prime Minister served more than one non-consecutive term, the dates listed below are for the beginning of their first term, and the end of their final term. The median age at which a Prime Minister first takes office is roughly 54 years and 10 months, which falls between Wilfrid Laurier and John Turner. The youngest person to become Prime Minister was Joe Clark, who took office one day before
19643366
Exchange Controls in the United Kingdom


free to invest in overseas assets such as foreign shares or property. In 1966 the Labour Government of Prime Minister Harold Wilson restricted the amount of currency that British holidaymakers could take out of the country to £50 plus £15 in sterling cash. However, the controls were widely flouted. Exchange controls in the UK were abolished by the Conservative Government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in October 1979. Announcing their removal, Chancellor of the Exchequer Geoffrey Howe said: "They have now outlived their usefulness. The essential condition for maintaining
7985142
John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute


John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, (; 25 May 1713 – 10 March 1792) was a British nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1762 to 1763 under George III. He was arguably the last important favourite in British politics. He was the first Prime Minister from Scotland following the Acts of Union in 1707 and the first Tory to have held the post. He was also elected as the first President of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland when it was founded in 1780. He was born in Parliament
2397981
Dominion of New Zealand


its leader, and future prime minister, Sidney Holland introduced a member's bill to abolish the Legislative Council. Because New Zealand required the consent of the British Parliament to make the necessary amendments to the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852, Peter Fraser, now Prime Minister, had a reason to finally adopt the statute. It was formally adopted on 25 November 1947 with the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947, along with consenting legislation from the British Parliament. New Zealand was the last Dominion listed in the statute to adopt it.
2836903
Cabinet of Singapore


and retired as MPs and who have served in this capacity for not less than nine years may be granted a pension for the rest of their lives. The annual amount payable is of the person's highest annual salary for every completed year of service and for every uncompleted year, up to a ceiling of two-thirds of the Member's annual salary. In addition, a retired MP who is at least 50 years old and has for not less than eight years held the office of Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister,
6034702
Southern Railway of Vancouver Island


acknowledged and protected. The last spike was gold and the hammer was silver. On 13 August 1886, the last spike was driven at Cliffside, about north of Victoria. Construction of the island railway took three and a half years. Prime Minister Macdonald drove the last spike, during his only visit to British Columbia. The railway was extended to Dunsmuir's mine at Wellington in 1887, and into Victoria in 1888. It was extended west to Port Alberni in 1911, west to Lake Cowichan in 1912, and north to
9220189
Records of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom


resignation. Nine Prime Ministers have died while their immediate successor was in office: All of the above-listed Prime Ministers were older than their immediate successors. The Duke of Portland and Lord Aberdeen are the only ones among this list who have both had immediate successors to die in office. The longest-married Prime Minister was James Callaghan who was married to his wife Audrey for 66 years from July 1938 until her death on 15 March 2005. Three Prime Ministers married while in office, all to second wives: The British
16798384
Constitutional history of Zimbabwe


shock result won 35 of the 50 territorial "A"-roll seats. Field and Smith became Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister respectively, and remained in office after the Federation's dissolution on the last day of 1963. After the Federation broke up on 31 December 1963, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland became independent during 1964, respectively renamed Zambia and Malawi, and under black majority governments. Southern Rhodesia was denied the same under the ideal of "no independence before majority rule" that was newly ascendant in Britain and elsewhere. The RF was
8582696
Payroll vote


The payroll vote is a term in the British parliamentary system for Members of Parliament who concurrently hold Government positions. It includes ministers, junior ministers and Parliamentary Private Secretaries. Even though the last are unpaid, they are widely regarded as being on the "first rung of the ministerial ladder". There is a commonly observed convention in the British constitution that all government ministers, including the Prime Minister, be members of either the House of Commons or the House of Lords, although this is not always strictly observed. Under the
7339798
Belgian government in exile


official" government with the legitimacy of Belgium's last elected Prime Minister. The British were distrustful of many of the Belgian ministers, as well as the size and legitimacy of the government itself. However, with the arrival of the Prime Minister, it was reluctantly accepted. The bulk of the Belgian government was installed in Eaton Square in the Belgravia area of London, which before the war had been the location of the Belgian Embassy. Other government departments were installed in nearby Hobart Place, Belgrave Square and Knightsbridge. The offices
12701985
Russia–Singapore relations


the Deputy Prime Minister, Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation Vyacheslav Volodin and Deputy Prime Minister, Minister for Finance and Minister for Manpower of Singapore Tharman Shanmugaratnam. As Russian Prime Minister, Dmitry Medvedev most recently met Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong again in November 2015 that noted increased trade between the two countries, and expanding economic activities by companies Interparliamentary and interregional relations have also progressed for the last years. The ASEAN-Russian summit is held annually where leaders of member states meet with the Russian President.
11407907
Mir-Hossein Mousavi


of "Jomhouri-e Eslami", the official newspaper of the Islamic Republican Party, before being elevated to Minister of Foreign Affairs and eventually the post of Prime Minister. He was the last Prime Minister in Iran prior to the 1989 constitutional changes which removed the post of prime minister; he then went into semi-retirement for the next 20 years. He remains a member of the Expediency Discernment Council and the High Council of Cultural Revolution. However, he has not participated in their meetings for years, which is interpreted
11185467
Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada


Prior to Confederation, the sovereign did so on the advice of the British prime minister, the names of those to be honoured either selected by the colonial governor or governor general in British North America and passed on to the Secretary of State for the Colonies and then the prime minister, by the Secretary of State for the Colonies and passed on to the prime minister, or by the prime minister himself. The British government felt no obligation to consult any government in British North America before bestowing an honour upon any resident of the
1561947
Turnbull Government


years, with Abbott and Shorten regularly swapping the lead for Preferred Prime Minister. Though the first Preferred Prime Minister poll after the successful spill, conducted by Roy Morgan Research, saw Turnbull record a massive 70 percent honeymoon result with Shorten on just 24 percent, the first two-party poll, conducted by ReachTEL, saw only a three-point shift to the government, producing a 50–50 result. In a Fairfax/Ipsos poll released on 19 October 2015, the Coalition led Labor for the first time since March 2014.
19792137
Ladas (horse)


Ladas (1891–1914) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. His career attracted an unusual amount of attention as his owner, Lord Rosebery, became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom at the height of his success. In a career that lasted from 1893 to 1894, Ladas ran eleven times and won seven races. He was the leading British two-year-old of 1893, being unbeaten in four starts including the Champagne Stakes and the Middle Park Stakes. In the following year, he won the 2000 Guineas at Newmarket
7333774
Prime Minister of Russia


a new election, while the Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President without participation of the Duma. The State Duma may not be dissolved on these grounds during the first year after parliamentary elections, the last six months of the incumbent President's term, as well as in time of emergency, or war and in the event that the State Duma has initiated the impeachment of the incumbent President. Other members of the Russian Government are appointed and dismissed by the President upon recommendation of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister may
20359953
Nationalization of oil supplies


-Iranian Oil Company and the government failed and in 1951 the oil industry was nationalized. As a result of Britain's boycott and the Abadan Crisis, Iranian production dropped to virtually zero. On British initiative the CIA overthrew Prime Minister of Iran Mosaddegh in Operation Ajax. Formally the nationalization remained effective, but in practice a consortium of oil companies was allowed in under a by then standard 50/50 profit-sharing deal. The whole process had left the British a major share in what had been their single most valuable foreign asset.
19378797
House of Commons of Canada


Alberta and British Columbia, and three more to Quebec. The following tables summarize representation in the House of Commons by province and territory: General elections occur whenever parliament is dissolved by the governor general on the monarch's behalf. The timing of the dissolution has historically been chosen by the prime minister. The Constitution Act, 1867, provides that a parliament last no longer than five years. Canadian election law requires that elections must be held on the third Monday in October in the fourth year after the last election, subject to
17019133
The 500 Most Influential Muslims


King Mohammed VI of Morocco. Turkish President Recept Tayyip Erdogan came in at Number eight, but surprisingly Syrian President Bashar al-Assad did not make the Top 50 this year or last, though he is still listed in the 500. The prime minister of Iraq did not make the list, but Iraq's Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Hussein Sistani did, coming in at number nine. There was 32 newcomers to the 2016 list. 22 Indians featured on the list. As in past years, there continued to be more Muslims
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