english words with same spelling but different meaning
Pronunciation Lexicon Specification


of an English word and multiple writings of a Japanese word. Most languages have homophones, words with the same pronunciation but different meanings (and possibly different spellings), for instance "seed" and "cede". It is recommended that these be represented as different lexemes. Most languages have words with different meanings but the same spelling (and sometimes different pronunciations), called homographs. For example, in English the word bass (fish) and the word bass (in music) have identical spellings but different meanings and
3762226
List of true homonyms


Homonyms, broadly defined, are words that are spelled the same and pronounced the same as each other, and yet have different meanings. The category is somewhat subjective, because words sometimes have related meanings that differ only very slightly. Some authors use the term more broadly, to refer to homographs (words spelled the same as each other but pronounced differently) and homophones (words spelled differently but pronounced the same). Other authors, such as the Oxford English Dictionary, use the term more narrowly, referring only to words
11010722
Reading education in the United States


as in pain, and -ei as in vein. In addition, there are many words with irregular spelling and many homophones (words that sound the same but have different meanings and often different spellings as well). Pollack Pickeraz (1963) asserted that there are 45 phonemes in the English language, and that the 26 letters of the English alphabet can represent them in about 350 ways. The irregularity of English spelling is largely an artifact of how the language developed. English is a West Germanic language with substantial influences and additional
4990875
List of English–Spanish interlingual homographs


This is a list of words that occur in both the English language and the Spanish language, but which have different meanings and/or pronunciations in each language. Such words are called "interlingual homographs". "Homographs" are two or more words that have the same written form. This list includes only homographs that are written precisely the same in English and Spanish: They have the same spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word dividers, etc. It excludes proper nouns and words that have different diacritics (e.g., "invasion"/"invasión"
20725931
List of Chinese–Japanese false friends


List of Chinese–Japanese false friends refer to words of different languages that are similar but have a significantly different and distinct meaning in Chinese characters and Japanese Kanji. Globally, numerous languages support communication among members of society. The languages used tend to use similar words that bear a different meaning. Apart from the main language; English that is widely used globally, other languages exist words spelled the same but have different meanings and pronunciations"." Moreover, there are expressions or words in a given language that consists of the
14225831
English prefix


opposite of", the other meaning "reverse action, deprive of, release from". The first prefix "un-" "not" is attached to adjective and participle bases while the second prefix "un-" "reverse action" is attached to either verb or noun bases. Thus, English can have two words that are pronounced and spelled the same and have the same lexical category but have different meanings, different prefixes, a different internal morphological structure, and different internal bases that the prefixes are attached to: In
14234846
Lexical semantics


to the relationship between words that are spelled or pronounced the same way but hold different meanings. Lexical semantics also explores whether the meaning of a lexical unit is established by looking at its neighbourhood in the semantic net, (words it occurs with in natural sentences), or whether the meaning is already locally contained in the lexical unit. In English, WordNet is an example of a semantic network. It contains English words that are grouped into synsets. Some semantic relations between these synsets are meronymy, hyponymy, synonymy, and
21887300
Homonym


In linguistics, homonyms, broadly defined, are words which sound alike or are spelled alike, but have different meanings. A more restrictive definition sees homonyms as words that are simultaneously homographs (words that share the same spelling, regardless of their pronunciation) "and" homophones (words that share the same pronunciation, regardless of their spelling) – that is to say they have identical pronunciation "and" spelling, whilst maintaining different meanings. The relationship between a set of homonyms is called homonymy. Examples of homonyms are the
16757884
Jinx


same time. The "Online Etymology Dictionary" states that 'jynx', meaning a charm or spell, was in usage in English as early as the 1690s. The same source states that 'jinx', with that specific spelling, is first attested in American English in 1911. Jynx/jinx is traced to the 17th-century word "jyng", meaning "a spell", and ultimately to the Latin word "iynx", also spelled "jynx", as 'j' and 'i'
14394606
English orthography


), have suggested that, in addition to this marking of word origin, these spellings indicate a more formal level of style or register in a given text, although Rollings (2004) finds this point to be exaggerated as there would be many exceptions where a word with one of these spellings, such as for (like "telephone"), could occur in an informal text. Spelling may also be useful to distinguish between homophones (words with the same pronunciation but different meanings), although in most cases the reason
9965155
List of English–Spanish interlingual homographs


nouns. All of the following words are adjectives and/or nouns. Although the words in this section are written identically in English and Spanish, they have different meanings in each language, and they are not cognates. The table below lists English-to-Spanish and Spanish-to-English loanwards, as well as loanwards from other modern languages that share the same orthography in both English and Spanish. In some cases, the common orthography resulted because a word entered the Spanish lexicon via English. These loanwords may retain spelling conventions
20725936
Dictionary


. In English, the commercial defining dictionaries typically include only one or two meanings of under 2000 words. With these, the rest of English, and even the 4000 most common English idioms and metaphors, can be defined. Lexicographers apply two basic philosophies to the defining of words: "prescriptive" or "descriptive". Noah Webster, intent on forging a distinct identity for the American language, altered spellings and accentuated differences in meaning and pronunciation of some words. This is why American English now uses the spelling "color
8039512
Keillor (surname)


last few centuries, English lacked any comprehensive system of spelling. Medieval Scottish names, particularly as they were anglicized from the original Gaelic, historically displayed wide variations in recorded spellings as scribes of the era spelled words according to how they sounded rather than any set of rules. This means that a person's name was often spelled several different ways over a lifetime. As such, different variations of the Keillor surname usually have the same origin. Aside from the United Kingdom, variants of the surname can be found today across the
19213671
List of English–Spanish interlingual homographs


a Latinate word might enter English by way of Old French, but enter Spanish directly from Latin. Such differences can introduce changes in spelling and meaning. Although most of the cognates have at least one meaning shared by English and Spanish, they can have other meanings that are not shared. A word might also be used in different contexts in each language. All of the following Greek cognates are nouns. In addition, "gas" and "gases" are verbs in English. All of the following words are adjectives and/or
20725935
Heterography and homography


meanings whose written and spoken forms are both the same, such as "bank" in English and "杜鹃" in Chinese) are the three classes of lexical ambiguities in all languages (marked in green in the key on the right). "Heterophonic heterographs" (marked in brown) are words spelled differently and pronounced differently, consisting of all words outside of the other three classes. Chinese has many words that are both homophonic and homotonic. Distinctions are made between such words using heterography. Homophonic heterographs are very frequent
773913
Interlingual homograph


An interlingual homograph is a word that occurs in more than one written language, but which has a different meaning or pronunciation in each language. A "homograph" is a word that is written the same as another word, but which (usually) has a different meaning. "Interlingual" means "spanning multiple languages". In some cases, the identical spelling of a word in two languages is coincidental; in other cases, it is because they descend from the same ancestor word. Words that come from the same
11174429
Homophone


A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same (to varying extent) as another word but differs in meaning. A homophone may also differ in spelling. The two words may be spelled the same, such as "rose" (flower) and "rose" (past tense of "rise"), or differently, such as "carat", and "carrot", or "to", "two", and "too". The term "homophone" may also apply to units longer
18756894
Commonly misspelled English words


mispronounced. For example, the word "realize" may be misspelled as "relize". Some spelling errors are introduced because the typing of certain people is not perfect, such as Some of the errors listed may be due to mistyping rather than ignorance, for example "solider" for "soldier". These misspellings rarely happen in handwritten text. Two (or more) differently spelt words with different meanings are homophones if they are nonetheless pronounced the same; e.g., "right", "rite", "wright
21118244
Heteronym (linguistics)


also Initial-stress-derived noun), or in other ways. A heteronym is a homograph that is not a homophone, a word that has a different pronunciation and meaning from another word with the same spelling. Heteronym pronunciation may vary in vowel realisation, in stress pattern, or in other ways. "Heterophone" literally just means "different sound", and this term is sometimes applied to words that are just pronounced differently, irrespective of their spelling. Such a definition would include virtually every pair of words in
2434374
American and British English spelling differences


States. In a few cases, essentially the same word has a different spelling that reflects a different pronunciation. As well as the miscellaneous cases listed in the following table, the past tenses of some irregular verbs differ in both spelling and pronunciation, as with "smelt" (UK) versus "smelled" (US) (see American and British English differences: Verb morphology). In the table below, the main spellings are above the accepted alternative spellings. British English often prefers hyphenated compounds, such as "anti
2300657
Ped-


Ancient Greek root words: In meanings 2, 3, and 4, the spelling remains "ped-" in Commonwealth English words that begin with these letters. Not all derived words do; e.g., "petard" (a small bomb) is from meaning 4, and entered English from Middle French for the same thing (originally literally meaning 'fart', it remains an uncommon Modern French word for 'firecracker'). Most commonly in English, it is from the Greek (), originally meaning 'boys'
2731519
List of English words of Yiddish origin


their Yiddish forms. Since Yiddish is very closely related to modern German, many native Yiddish words have close German cognates; in a few cases it is difficult to tell whether English borrowed a particular word from Yiddish or from German. Since Yiddish was originally written using the Hebrew alphabet, some words have several spellings in the Latin alphabet. The transliterated spellings of Yiddish words and conventional German spellings are different, but the pronunciations are frequently the same ("e.g.", in Yiddish is pronounced the same way as in German)
3349246
Double entendre


and genitalia ("queynte" being the root of 'cunt', a vulgar English word for vulva). The title of Sir Thomas More's 1516 fictional work "Utopia" is a double entendre because of the pun between two Greek-derived words that would have identical pronunciation: with his spelling, it means "no place" (as echoed later in Samuel Butler's later Erewhon); spelled as the rare word Eutopia, it is pronounced the same by English-speaking readers, but has the meaning "
495942
Turkish alphabet


alphabet, the dotted "İ" came before the undotted "I"; now their places are reversed [].) The letter "J", however, uses a tittle in the same way English does, with a dotted lowercase version, and a dotless uppercase version. Optional circumflex accents can be used with "â", "î" and "û" to disambiguate words with different meanings but otherwise the same spelling, or to indicate palatalization of a preceding consonant (for example, while means "snow
20996017
Phonics


of English includes the spelling patterns of many languages (Old English, Old Norse, Norman French, Classical Latin and Greek, as well as numerous modern languages) superimposed upon one another. These overlapping spelling patterns mean that in many cases the same sound can be spelled differently and the same spelling can represent different sounds. However, the spelling patterns usually follow certain conventions. In addition, the Great Vowel Shift, a historical linguistic process in which the quality of many vowels in English changed while the spelling remained as it was
19979324
Historical kana orthography


wa" is a remnant of historical kana usage. The following tables summarize every possible historical spelling for the syllables which were spelled differently under the historical system. When more than one historical spelling is given for a particular modern spelling, the various historical spellings were etymologically (and at one point phonetically) distinct and occurred in different words (i.e., are not merely different ways to spell the same word). The tables are sorted using the gojūon ordering system. Readers of English occasionally encounter words romanized according to historical kana usage
17442775
English orthography


from French, which naturally kept their French spellings as there was no reason or mechanism to change them. The spelling of Middle English, such as in the writings of Geoffrey Chaucer, is very irregular and inconsistent, with the same word being spelled in different ways, sometimes even in the same sentence. However, these were generally much better guides to the then pronunciation than modern English spelling is. For example, the sound , normally written "u", is spelled with an "o" in "son",
9965195
False cognate


False cognates are pairs of words that seem to be cognates because of similar sounds and meaning, but have different etymologies; they can be within the same language or from different languages, even within the same family. For example, the English word "dog" and the Mbabaram word "dog" have exactly the same meaning and very similar pronunciations, but by complete coincidence. Likewise, English "much" and Spanish "mucho" which came by their similar meanings via completely different Proto-Indo-European roots. This
11422766
American and British English spelling differences


complected"), although sometimes objected to, is standard in the US as an alternative to "complexioned", but is not used in this way in the UK, although there is a rare usage to mean "complicated". In some cases, words with "old-fashioned" spellings are retained widely in the US for historical reasons (cf. connexionalism). Many words, especially medical words, that are written with "ae/æ" or "oe/œ" in British English are written with
2300620
Ard (surname)


East Ayrshire, which would mean that that location is likely the name's actual area of origin. Until the gradual standardization of English spelling in the last few centuries, English lacked any comprehensive system of spelling. Medieval Scottish names, particularly as they were Anglicized from the original Gaelic, historically displayed wide variations in recorded spellings as scribes of the era spelled words according to how they sounded rather than any set of rules. This means that a person's name was often spelled several different ways over a lifetime. As such,
18768880
Reading education in the United States


time is synchronic etymology, part of descriptive linguistics, and the study of word origins and evolution is diachronic etymology, part of historical linguistics English orthography gives priority first to morphology, then to etymology, and lastly to phonetics. Thus the spelling of a word is dependent principally upon its structure, its relationship to other words, and its language or origin. It is usually necessary to know the meaning of a word in order to spell it correctly, and its meaning will be indicated by the similarity to words of the same
4990879
English orthography


orthography indicates the underlying consonants that are present in certain words but are absent in other related words. Other examples include the in "fast" and "fasten" , and the in "heir" and "inherit" . Another example includes words like "mean" and "meant" . Here the vowel spelling is pronounced differently in the two related words. Thus, again the orthography uses only a single spelling that corresponds to the single morphemic form rather than to the surface phonological form. English orthography does not always provide
9965166
English-language spelling reform


to the meaning of the word. Even if their pronunciation has strayed from the original pronunciation, the spelling is a record of the phoneme. The same is true for words of Germanic origin whose current spelling still resembles their cognates in other Germanic languages. Examples include "light", German "Licht"; "knight", German "Knecht"; "ocean", French "océan"; "occasion", French "occasion". Critics argue that re-spelling such words could hide those links. Spelling
1907491
Shed


from the Old English word "sceadu", which means "shade, shadow, darkness". The term's P.Gmc. cognate, "skadwo" also means "shady place, protection from glare or heat". The Old English word is spelled in different ways, such as "shadde", "shad" or "shedde", all of which come from an "Old Teutonic/Anglo-Saxon root word for separation or division". The first attested usage of the word, in 1481, was in
19022505
The Meaning of Liff


version of the book) are those of American English v. British English spellings, though "The Deeper Meaning of Liff" contains different definitions for both the word "Glossop" and the titular word "Liff". In "The Deeper Meaning of Liff", Liff is defined as a phenomenon for which there is no word. Another edition in the series, "Afterliff", has been released, with more entries contributed by Lloyd, Jon Canter and Douglas Adams' daughter Polly. On 15 August 2013, a 30th
2304763
Hyperforeignism


which is relatively closer to the Dutch pronunciation. A number of words of French origin feature a final that is pronounced in English but silent in the original language. For example, "forte" (used to mean "strength" in English as in "not my "forte"") is often pronounced or , by confusion with the Italian musical term of the same spelling (and same Latin origin, but meaning "loud"), which is pronounced . In French, the word "forte" is pronounced ,
7990892
American and British English pronunciation differences


has a weak form in BrE but not AmE: before vowels, . These tables list words pronounced differently but spelled the same. See also the table of words with different pronunciation reflected in the spelling. Words with multiple points of difference of pronunciation are in the table after this one. Accent-based differences are ignored. For example, "Moscow" is RP and GAm , but only the – difference is highlighted here, since both the presence of a contrastive vowel in RP (which falls together with in GA)
17065041
English-language spelling reform


same sound in different spellings. Likewise, many graphemes in English have multiple pronunciations and decodings, such as "ough" in words like "thr", "th", "tht", "thor", "t", "tr", "pl", and "c". There are 13 ways of spelling the schwa (the most common of all phonemes in English), 12 ways to spell /ei/ and 11 ways to spell /ɛ/. These kinds of incoherences can be found throughout the English lexicon
1907481
English orthography


are unresolved by spelling (for example, the word "bay" has at least five fundamentally different meanings). Some letters in English provide information about the pronunciation of "other" letters in the word. Rollings (2004) uses the term "markers" for such letters. Letters may mark different types of information. For instance, the letter in the word "cottage" indicates that the preceding is pronounced , rather than the more common value of in word-final position as the sound , such as in "
9965158
Guaymí language


, Latino and Ngäbe alike, because the phoneme /ä/ is heard and reproduced by Spanish speakers as /o/, and therefore they attempt to write it that way while continuing to acknowledge that it is in fact a different phoneme than the Spanish /o/. Along the same lines, "Ngäbe" has been spelled “Ngawbe” by numerous English speakers to reconcile English spelling and the pronunciation. Words that should be written with or in the middle of the word have also been the subject of non-standard spelling, since many write the word
588220
Culture of Singapore


main arts institutions offering full-time programmes for the performing arts in Singapore. Many Singaporeans are bilingual. Most speak Singaporean English and another language, most commonly Mandarin, Malay, Tamil or Singapore Colloquial English (Singlish). Singapore Standard English is virtually the same as British, Malaysian, and Indian Standard English in most aspects of grammar and spelling, though there are some differences vocabulary and minor spelling differences; for example, the word 'swap' is commonly spelled 'swop', as is standard in "The Straits
14859967
History of cricket to 1725


. Prince Edward, the future Prince of Wales, was then aged 15. It has been suggested that "creag" was an early form of cricket. However, creag could have been something quite different. Creag is possibly an early spelling of the word "craic" here taken as an Irish word meaning fun, entertainment, or enjoyable conversation. This sense of the word "crack" is found in Irish English, Scottish English, and Geordie in North East England. In Ireland the spelling "craic" is now
13133229
Combe


A combe (; also spelled coombe or coomb and, in place names, comb) can refer either to a steep, narrow valley, or to a small valley or large hollow on the side of a hill; in any case, it is often understood simply to mean a small valley through which a watercourse "does not" run. The word "combe" derives from Old English "cumb", of the same meaning, and is unrelated to the English word "comb". It derives ultimately from the same
2056533
Prefix


the word with the same basic meaning and same lexical category (but playing a different role in the sentence), or derivational, creating a new word with a new semantic meaning and sometimes also a different lexical category. Prefixes, like all other affixes, are usually bound morphemes. In English, there are no inflectional prefixes; English uses suffixes instead for that purpose. The word "prefix" is itself made up of the stem "fix" (meaning "attach", in this case), and the prefix
4839206
Hyperforeignism


be pronounced as if spelled . The city of Cartagena, Colombia is very commonly pronounced as if it were spelled . The South American beverage, mate, is frequently spelled in English, adding an accent which, in Spanish, changes the pronunciation and meaning of the word ("maté" meaning 'I killed' in Spanish). The accented spelling may however serve a purpose, as it is interpreted by some English speakers to indicate that the word has two syllables and is not pronounced like the English word "mate"
7990906
English language


, and standard spellings of words that are more difficult to guess from knowing how a word is pronounced. There are also systematic spelling differences between British and American English. These situations have prompted proposals for spelling reform in English. Although letters and speech sounds do not have a one-to-one correspondence in standard English spelling, spelling rules that take into account syllable structure, phonetic changes in derived words, and word accent are reliable for most English words. Moreover, standard English spelling shows etymological relationships between related words that
14843451
Culture of Estonia


became known as the Estonian Swedes. The majority of Estonia's Swedish population fled to Sweden in 1944, escaping the advancing Soviet Army. There are many words in Finnish and Estonian that are spelled exactly the same and pronounced almost the same way, but have totally different meanings. Many jokes, including derogatory ones, are based on the differences of the meanings of the words. Both, Finns and Estonians, tend to have, create and understand those jokes. However, Finnish and Estonian are sufficiently different languages that it is
9065908
List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin


This is a list of English-language words of Hindi and Urdu origin, two distinguished registers of the Hindustani language. Many of the Hindi and Urdu equivalents have originated from Sanskrit; see List of English words of Sanskrit origin. Many others are of Persian origin; see List of English words of Persian origin. Some of the latter are in turn of Arabic or Turkic origin. In some cases words have entered the English language by multiple routes - occasionally ending up with different meanings, spellings, or pronunciations, just as
15420635
Doppelgänger


while actually the word "Doppelgänger" also appears, but with a quite different meaning. Like all nouns in German, the word is written with an initial capital letter. "Doppelgänger" and "Doppelgaenger" are essentially equivalent spellings, and "Doppelganger" is different and would correspond to a different pronunciation. In English, the word should be written with a lower-case letter (doppelgänger) unless it is the first word of a sentence or part of a title. It is further common to drop the umlaut on
14029703
Ped-


The prefix ped- (usually in the combining forms peda-, pedi-, and pedo-) in English and various other Western languages has multiple Latin and Ancient Greek roots, and multiple meanings. Ped- (sometimes spelled paed-, pæd-, or rarely paid-, depending on the word and the language or dialect) is a prefix in English and many other Western languages, often with divergent spellings, such as "pet-", "pie-", "pei-", etc.). Ped- conveys multiple meanings, from different Latin and
2731518
List of English words of Dutch origin


This is an incomplete list of Dutch expressions used in English; some are relatively common (e.g. "cookie"), some are comparatively rare. In a survey by Joseph M. Williams in "Origins of the English Language" it is estimated that about 1% of English words are of Dutch origin. In many cases the loanword has assumed a meaning substantially different from its Dutch forebear. Some English words have been borrowed directly from Dutch. But typically, English spellings of Dutch loanwords suppress combinations of vowels of the original word
15158967
Van


reported record 1829). Caravan with the same meaning has records since the 1670s. A caravan, meaning one wagon, had arisen as an extension or corruption of caravan meaning a convoy of multiple wagons. The word "van" has slightly different, but overlapping, meanings in different forms of English. While the word always now applies to boxy cargo vans, other applications are found to a greater or lesser extent in the different English-speaking countries. In Australian English, the term "van" is commonly used to
16736546
Sowa (surname)


Polish Sowas, or if the surname originated separately. It is noted the name Sova (same meaning, owl) also exists among Czechs and Slovaks. This is actually a very common phenomenon, when the same word with the same meaning is found in a number of Slavic languages. There are several historical spellings and pronunciations for the surname Sowa, probably dependent on the linguistical influence of the particular time. In earlier dates, the surname appears as Szowa, a Polish spelling rendition, and would be pronounced in English as '
8603134
Heteronym (linguistics)


A heteronym (also known as a heterophone) is a word that has a different pronunciation and meaning from another word but the same spelling. These are homographs that are not homophones. Thus, "lead" (a metal element) and "lead" (a leash or halter to direct an animal) are heteronyms, but "mean" (intend) and "mean" (average) are not (since they are pronounced the same). Heteronym pronunciation may vary in vowel realisation, in stress pattern (see
2434373
Homoglyph


In orthography and typography, a homoglyph is one of two or more graphemes, characters, or glyphs with shapes that appear identical or very similar. The designation is also applied to sequences of characters sharing these properties. Synoglyphs are glyphs that look different but mean the same thing. Synoglyphs are also known informally as "display variants". The term homograph is sometimes used synonymously with homoglyph, but in the usual linguistic sense, homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings, a property of words, not
20008225
Hummus


word meaning "chickpeas", and the full name of the prepared spread in Arabic is "ḥummuṣ bi ṭaḥīna" which means "chickpeas with tahini". Spelling of the word in English can be inconsistent. "Hummus" is the most common spelling in both American and British English. The spelling "houmous" is however common enough in British English to be also listed as a less common spelling in some UK dictionaries but not, for example, in the Cambridge online dictionary. Some US dictionaries also list other spellings such
270812
Piri piri


. Other romanizations include in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or in Malawi, deriving from the various pronunciations of the word in different parts of Bantu-speaking Africa. is also the spelling used as a loanword in some African Portuguese language countries, especially in the Portuguese-speaking Mozambican community. The spelling is common in English and native Portuguese, e.g. in reference to African-style chili sauces. The "Oxford Dictionary of English" records as a foreign word meaning "a very hot sauce made with red ", and
15540409
Archicembalo


possible reference to Greek prefix , which means "major, principal" (as in the word "architect"). Vicentino's advocate Ercole Bottrigari in his "Il Desiderio" (1599) also used the spelling 'archicembalo'. In most modern English lexica the same instrument has been called "arcicembalo" (however, without explanation of this non-authentic spelling), while others use Vicentino's spelling, or offer both as alternatives. The spelling 'archicembalo' is preferred in the English translation of the treatise.
6457142
List of English–Spanish interlingual homographs


thousands of Latinate words that are related to words in Spanish. Yet even with so many Latin cognates, only a small minority are written precisely the same in both languages. Even though the words in this list are written the same in both languages, none of them are pronounced the same—not even the word "no". The cognates in the table below share meanings in English and Spanish, but have different pronunciation. Some words entered Middle English and Early Modern Spanish indirectly and at different times. For example,
20725934
English orthography


for the difference is historical and was not introduced for the purpose of making a distinction. For example, the words "heir" and "air" are pronounced identically in most dialects, but in writing they are distinguished from each other by their different spellings. Another example is the pair of homophones "pain" and "pane", where both are pronounced but have two different spellings of the vowel . Often this is because of the historical pronunciation of each word where, over time, two separate sounds become the same
9965156
American and British English spelling differences


now almost universal in Australia. New Zealand English, while sharing some words and syntax with Australian English, follows British usage. In British English, some words from French, Latin or Greek end with a consonant followed by an unstressed "-re" (pronounced ). In American English, most of these words have the ending "-er". The difference is most common for words ending "-bre" or "-tre": British spellings all have "-er" in American spelling. In Britain, both "-re"
2300605
Doublet (linguistics)


In etymology, two or more words in the same language are called doublets or etymological twins or twinlings (or possibly triplets, and so forth) when they have different phonological forms but the same etymological root. Often, but not always, the words entered the language through different routes. Given that the kinship between words that have the same root and the same meaning is fairly obvious, the term is mostly used to characterize pairs of words that have diverged at least somewhat in meaning. For example, English "pyre"
13465162
Wade (surname)


of surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. Until the gradual standardization of English spelling in the last few centuries, English lacked any comprehensive system of spelling. Consequently, spelling variations in names are frequently found in early Anglo-Saxon and later Anglo-Norman documents, meaning that a person's name was often spelled several different ways over a lifetime. As such, different variations of the Wade surname usually have the same origin. Variants of this surname include Waide and Wadey, the latter a diminutive variant. There is
2640728
Yeo


Yeo is a Chinese, English, and Korean surname. As an English surname, Yeo is a toponymic surname meaning "river", either for people who lived near one of the Rivers Yeo, or any river in general. The word comes from Old English , via south-western Middle English , , or . Variant spellings include Yoe and Youe. As a Chinese surname, Yeo is a spelling of the pronunciation in different varieties of Chinese of a number of distinct surnames, listed below by their pronunciation in Mandarin Chinese
2806157
Definition


the essential properties of a thing are "necessary" to it, they are those things it possesses in all possible worlds. Kripke refers to names used in this way as rigid designators. A definition may also be classified as an operational definition or theoretical definition. A homonym is, in the strict sense, one of a group of words that share the same spelling and pronunciation but have different meanings. Thus homonyms are simultaneously homographs (words that share the same spelling, regardless of their pronunciation) "and" homophones (
8040650
Charles Perfetti


acquired through the extent of bias found in the context of which the word appears word structure and the rate at which each meaning is utilized. Homophones are words that consist of two different spellings and meanings. They pose a problem for lexical quality because there is activation for both meanings and both spellings. For example air describes the atmosphere while heir describes inheritance. However, the process of disambiguate homophones differs from the process used for ambiguous words because the spelling of homophones allows a reader to disambiguate on their own. For several semesters
19010008
Jamaica, Queens


113th Precincts. Although many current residents of the Jamaica neighborhood are immigrants from the Caribbean country of the same name, the origins and meanings of the two names differ entirely. The neighborhood was named "Yameco", a corruption of a word for "beaver" in the Lenape language spoken by the Lenape, the Native Americans who lived in the area at the time of first European contact. The liquid "y" sound of English is spelled with a "j" in Dutch, the language of the first people to
10564528
English orthography


of words that have been borrowed from a large number of other languages throughout the history of the English language, without successful attempts at complete spelling reforms. Most of the spelling conventions in Modern English were derived from the phonetic spelling of a variety of Middle English, and generally do not reflect the sound changes that have occurred since the late 15th century (such as the Great Vowel Shift). Despite the various English dialects spoken from country to country and within different regions of the same country, there are only slight regional variations
9965149
Stress and vowel reduction in English


distinguished by the placement of the stress in the same way – this is an example of an initial-stress-derived noun. Moreover, even within a given letter sequence and a given part of speech, lexical stress may distinguish between different words or between different meanings of the same word (depending on differences in theory about what constitutes a distinct word): For example, initial-stress pronunciations of "offense" and "defense" in American English denote concepts specific to sports, whereas pronunciations with stress on the words
20389078
North Korean passport


The words "조선민주주의인민공화국" (Korean) and "DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA" (English) are inscribed above the emblem, with "려권" and "PASSPORT" below. 려권 ("lyeogwon"), means "passport", whilst in the South Korean passport, it is branded 여권 ("yeogwon"), which also means passport. Both words are Sino-Korean words written as 旅券 in Hanja, but due to the initial sound rule present only in South Korea, they are spelled differently
10849605
North–South differences in the Korean language


, comrade), and since then, the word has come to mean "comrade" in the South as well and has fallen out of use there. South Korea has borrowed a lot of English words, but North Korea has borrowed a number of Russian words, and there are numerous differences in words used between the two coming from these different borrowings. Even when the same English word is borrowed, how this word is transliterated into Korean may differ between the North and the South, resulting in different words being adapted into
20577759
Quebec French lexicon


to prostitution that are more common in France. Many English words and calques have also been integrated in Quebec French, although less than in France. In Quebec, borrowed English words tend to have the same meaning as the English word. In France, they often have a very different meaning; for example 'le smoking' for 'tuxedo'. Borrowing from English is politically sensitive in Quebec and tends to be socially discouraged. Formal Quebec French also has a very different approach to gender-neutral language than Metropolitan French.
1083315
Cummerbund


is the Anglicized form of the Persian word "kamarband" (Persian: ), the name commonly used in the South and West Asia including India for the article of clothing. It entered English vocabulary in 1616 from India. It is a combination of the Persian words () meaning 'waist' and () meaning 'strap' or 'lacing'. The word "cummerband" (see below), and less commonly the German spelling (a Germanized spelling variation of the English word), are often used synonymously
11918073
Samoa 'ava ceremony


of the letter "k" is often replaced by the glottal stop in Samoan. The exact same word "ava" also means 'beard.' Also, other Samoan words with the same spelling, but different phonetic sound and meaning are; The 'Ava Title is a name or names bestowed only on certain "matai" chiefs who also have an 'Ava Title inseparable from their chiefly title. The bestowal of an 'Ava title usually takes place at the same time a "matai" title is bestowed. It
4587156
American and British English spelling differences


and "enthral(l)", although "ll" was formerly used; these are always spelled with "ll" in American usage. The former British spellings "instal", "fulness", and "dulness" are now quite rare. The Scottish "tolbooth" is cognate with "tollbooth", but it has a distinct meaning. In both American and British usages, words normally spelled "-ll" usually drop the second "l" when used as prefixes or suffixes, for example "full"→"useful", "
2300651
Modern Scots


slightly in pronunciation from Scottish English are generally spelled as in English. Other words may be spelt the same but differ in pronunciation, for example: "aunt", "swap", "want" and "wash" with , "bull", "full" v. and "pull" with , "bind", "find" and "wind" v., etc. with . The spellings used below are those based on the prestigious literary conventions described above. Other spelling variants may be encountered in written Scots
20395094
Humour in translation


speakers but in a particular context, the lexical items appears to possess a totally different meaning that could be inappropriate at times. All these examples clearly show how inadvertent spelling of words can give rise to humorous transcriptions to anyone who possess a fair flair of English. In examples (4-6, 8, 9), ‘crap’, ‘shiting’, ‘porn’, ‘food’, ‘shit’ were blatantly misspelled by the translators in a way that they all share the same phonological but a complete
2965227
Pseudo-anglicism


different main meaning between English and the other language. There have been a few spellings, and many definitions proposed for pseudo-anglicism. Sometimes it is written as two words, sometimes as a hyphenated word, and sometimes as a single word without the hyphen. The 'A' is sometimes capitalized. Several other terms have been used, such as "secondary anglicism," "false anglicism," and "pseudo-English" is heard as well. In discussing lexical borrowing (and also translation), academic works
9759998
Languages of the United States


"very well". American English is different from British English in terms of spelling (one example being the dropped "u" in words such as color/colour), grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and slang usage. The differences are not usually a barrier to effective communication between an American English and a British English speaker. Some states, like California, have amended their constitutions to make English the only official language, but in practice, this only means that official government documents must "at least" be in
16887798
Egyptian hieroglyphs


metonymic or metaphoric): Determinatives or semagrams (semantic symbols specifying meaning) are placed at the end of a word. These mute characters serve to clarify what the word is about, as homophonic glyphs are common. If a similar procedure existed in English, words with the same spelling would be followed by an indicator that would not be read, but which would fine-tune the meaning: "retort [chemistry]" and "retort [rhetoric]" would thus be distinguished. Here, are several examples of the
5791894
English-language spelling reform


and they even vary between dialects. Masha Bell has analyzed 7000 common words and found that about 1/2 cause spelling and pronunciation difficulties and about 1/3, decoding difficulties. Such ambiguity is particularly problematic in the case of heteronyms (homographs with different pronunciations that vary with meaning), such as "bow", "desert", "live", "read", "tear", "wind", and "wound". In reading such words one must consider the context in which they are used, and this
1907482
Phonemic orthography


which pronunciation is affected by adjacent sounds in neighboring words (written Sanskrit and other Indian languages, however, reflect such changes). A language may also use different sets of symbols or different rules for distinct sets of vocabulary items such as the Japanese hiragana and katakana syllabaries (and the different treatment in English orthography of words derived from Latin and Greek). Alphabetic orthographies often have features that are morphophonemic rather than purely phonemic. This means that the spelling reflects to some extent the underlying morphological structure of the words, not only
9355159
Latte


A latte ( or ) is a coffee drink made with espresso and steamed milk. The term as used in English is a shortened form of the Italian caffè e latte , caffelatte or caffellatte , which means "milk coffee". The word is also sometimes spelled latté or lattè in English with different kinds of accent marks, which can be a hyperforeignism or a deliberate attempt to indicate that the word is not pronounced according to the rules of English orthography. In northern Europe and Scandinavia, the term "café au lait"
20769513
American and British English spelling differences


. Australian spelling has also strayed slightly from British spelling, with some American spellings incorporated as standard. New Zealand spelling is almost identical to British spelling, except in the word "fiord" (instead of "fjord"). There is also an increasing use of macrons in words that originated in Māori and an unambiguous preference for "-ise" endings (see below). Most words ending in an unstressed "-our" in British English (e.g., ) end in "-or" in American English (). Wherever
2300589
Sri


transliterated to English in two different ways as "ri" and "ree". Hence, in English, the spelling of this word श्री varies from Sri to Shree through Sree and Shri. Whatever be the transliteration, the pronunciation is the same. Sanskrit is written in many Indian scripts as well, in which case there are corresponding letters which have the exact same values as the Devanagari, so the Sanskrit pronunciation remains the same regardless of script. The word is widely used in South and Southeast Asian languages such as Indonesian
12798492
Churl


A churl (etymologically the same name as Charles / Carl and Old High German "karal"), in its earliest Old English (Anglo-Saxon) meaning, was simply "a man", and more particularly a "husband", but the word soon came to mean "a non-servile peasant", still spelled "ċeorl(e)", and denoting the lowest rank of freemen. According to the "Oxford English Dictionary" it later came to mean the opposite of the nobility and royalty, "a
7031483
English language in Europe


from French in later centuries; as a result, a substantial proportion of English vocabulary is very close to the French, with some slight spelling differences (word endings, use of old French spellings, etc.) and some occasional lapses in meaning. In 1282 Edward I of England defeated Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Wales's last independent prince, in battle. Edward followed the practice used by his Norman predecessors in their subjugation of the English, and constructed a series of great stone castles in order to control Wales, thus preventing
8488978
Ped-


. as well as children Contemporarily, it is more associated with the word 'children'. Words derived from this particular root are spelled "paed-" most cases in Commonwealth English varieties (formerly with a ligature, "pæd-"). Meanings related to feet are from Latin (, 'foot'): A Greek-derived equivalent, "pod-", is often employed instead, as in "podiatry". The Greek-based "-pus" suffix conveys the same meaning, as in "octopus".
2731520
Homograph


disambiguation is critically important in speech synthesis, natural language processing and other fields. Identically written different senses of what is judged to be fundamentally the "same" word are called polysemes; for example, "wood" (substance) and "wood" (area covered with trees). Examples: where the two words are spelt identically but pronounced differently. Here confusion is not possible in spoken language but could occur in written language. where the words are identical in spelling and pronunciation, but differ in meaning and grammatical function
18756892
Loewen


Loewen is spelling variant of the word "Löwen" which means "lions" in German. This spelling is uncommon in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (as in the most common German language dialects ö is used usually instead of oe which in English ö and the oe are the same thing) and as a surname with this exact spelling is usually used by Mennonites or by Americans who Americanized their Löwen to Loewen. It can refer to A German spelling variant of Löwen which is the German name for the Belgian city of
11598787
Letter frequency


NN PP CC". Also, to note that different dialects of a language will also affect a letter's frequency. For example, an author in the United States would produce something in which the letter 'z' is more common than an author in the United Kingdom writing on the same topic: words like "analyze", "apologize", and "recognize" contain the letter in American English, whereas the same words are spelled "analyse", "apologise", and "recognise" in British English
422974
Humour in translation


different semantics form of another already existing pejorative word in English; ‘crab’, ‘shitting’, ‘pond’, ‘foot’ and ‘sheet’ respectively. Thus, all these examples produce unexpected smutty farce-comedy for readers, where humour seeps in as a natural corollary of this linguistic coincidence. Innocuous as the spelling mistakes may seem, the examples above (1-3, 7, 10) were also misspelled to other words that have a total different meanings as the intended words. ‘Dumping’
2965228
Wayzgoose


by their English apprentices (and later journeymen). The variety of spellings and pronunciations (including with and without the "z") indicate that it is an orally-borrowed Dutch word that fit somewhat uneasily in the mouth of English speakers. Another plausible origin is a more general word for a merry-making or feast, reputedly referring to the grand goose-feast annually held at Waes, in Brabant, at Martinmas. However that is pronounced quite differently, as "Waas". It apparently means "cloud-
5487040
Homograph


A homograph (from the , "homós", "same" and γράφω, "gráphō", "write") is a word that shares the same written form as another word but has a different meaning. However, some dictionaries insist that the words must also sound different, while the Oxford English Dictionary says that the words should also be of "different origin". In this vein, "The Oxford Guide to Practical Lexicography" lists various types of homographs, including those in which the words are discriminated by
18756890
American and British English spelling differences


always "-er". Many other words have "-er" in British English. These include Germanic words; such as "anger", "mother", "timber" and "water" and Romance words "danger", "quarter" and "river". The ending "-cre", as in "acre",Although "acre" was spelled "æcer" in Old English and "aker" in Middle English, the "acre" spelling of Middle French was introduced in the 15th century. Similarly, "
2300611
Compound (linguistics)


of speech—as in the case of the English word "footpath", composed of the two nouns "foot" and "path"—or they may belong to different parts of speech, as in the case of the English word "blackbird", composed of the adjective "black" and the noun "bird". With very few exceptions, English compound words are stressed on their first component stem. The process occurs readily in other Germanic languages for different reasons. Words can be concatenated both to mean the same as the
18606230
Ounce


). The abbreviation "oz" came later from the cognate Italian word (now spelled ). "Inch" comes from the same Latin word, but differs because it was borrowed into Old English and underwent i-mutation or umlaut ( → ) and palatalization ( → ). Historically, in different parts of the world, at different points in time, and for different applications, the ounce (or its translation) has referred to broadly similar but different standards of mass. The international avoirdupois ounce is defined as exactly
12690795
English orthography


aspiration at the beginning of words, this is never indicated in the spelling, and, indeed, this phonetic detail is probably not noticeable to the average native speaker not trained in phonetics. However, unlike some orthographies, English orthography often represents a very abstract underlying representation (or morphophonemic form) of English words. In these cases, a given morpheme (i.e. a component of a word) has a fixed spelling even though it is pronounced differently in different words. An example is the past tense suffix -, which may
9965162
Heterography and homography


may indicate the need for a different spelling). Heterophonic homographs (also known as homographic heterophones) are, in contrast, words whose spoken sounds differ but whose written forms are the same. English has a few hundred heterophonic homographs, examples of these latter include "lead" ("lead by example" vs "lead poisoning") and "read" ("will read" vs "has read"). The two aforementioned classes of words, along with a third class (homophonic homographs—words with different
773912
International student


of the difficulty with grammar and spelling, differences in culture, or a lack of confidence in English academic writing. Insightful opinions may lose the original meaning when transformed from the student's native language to English. Even if international students acquire good scores in English proficiency exams or are able to communicate with native British students frequently in class, they often find that the wording and formatting of academic papers in English-speaking universities are different from what they are used to due to certain cultural abstraction. Students who experience this discrepancy get
18213058