who fought for and freed 5 south american countries
Back-to-Africa movement


to the status of Black Americans. Some 7,000 enslaved people were freed by their masters, so at that point those free African Americans left the U.S. to escape racism and have more opportunities (mainly because they had lost all hope of achievement). In the 1830s, the movement became increasingly dominated by slave owners who wanted Liberia to absorb the free blacks of the South. Slaves freed from slave ships were sent here instead of their country of origin. The emigration of free blacks to Liberia particularly increased after the Nat Turner rebellion
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Edward Jones (missionary)


part of the mulatto elite of that majority African-American city. Many free mulattoes were freed slaves who had fought in the American Revolutionary War for the Patriots and then freed for their loyalty. Edward Jones's father, Jehu Jones, in 1798, had bought his freedom for $140 from his owner, a tailor who had taught him the craft, and also bought freedom for his wife Abigail and children. Jones Sr. became wealthy from his investments in real estate and eventually a hotel owner catering to white travelers.
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Liberia


is Monrovia. Liberia began as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS), who believed black people would face better chances for freedom and prosperity in Africa than in the United States. The country declared its independence on July 26, 1847. The U.S. did not recognize Liberia's independence until February 5, 1862, during the American Civil War. Between January 7, 1822, and the American Civil War, more than 15,000 freed and free-born black people who faced legislated limits in the U.S., and 3,198
17919581
Racism against African Americans in the U.S. military


served on both sides of the war in the capacity of both fighting men and slaves. While the northern states had opened up their state militias to freed slaves, it was forbidden in the south to arm slaves as the southern planters feared the worst from their former slaves. The Royal Governor of Virginia, John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, issued an emancipation proclamation in November 1775, promising freedom to runaway slaves who fought for the British. Sir Henry Clinton, Commander in Chief of British forces, issued a similar edict
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Hispanics in the American Civil War


Hispanics in the American Civil War fought on both the Union and Confederate sides of the conflict. Not all the Hispanics who fought in the American Civil War were "Hispanic-Americans", in other words citizens of the United States. Many of them were Spanish subjects or nationals from countries in the Caribbean, Central and South America. Some were born in a US Territory and therefore did not have the right to US Citizenship. It is estimated that approximately 3,500 Hispanics, mostly Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cubans (
2213298
Paul Cuffee


, who included slaveholders. Certain co-founders, particularly Henry Clay, advocated relocating freed Negroes as a way of ridding the South of potentially "troublesome" agitators who might threaten their slave societies. Other Americans who became active preferred to encourage emigration to Haiti. The government of President Jean-Pierre Boyer encouraged American immigrants, believing they could help develop the country and might help gain formal recognition by the US government of his republic. In early 1817, Cuffe's health deteriorated. He never returned to Africa. He died
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African Americans in the Revolutionary War


until the final months of the war, when manpower was low, that loyalists used blacks to fight for Britain in the South. In Savannah, Augusta, and Charleston, when threatened by Patriot forces, the British filled gaps in their troops with African Americans. In October 1779, about 200 Black Loyalist soldiers assisted the British in successfully defending Savannah against a joint French and rebel American attack. In total, historians estimate that approximately 20,000 Africans, composed primarily of escaped, conscripted, or 'freed' slaves, fought for
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Petition of Free Negroes


The Petition of Free Negroes was a document created by a group of freed slaves who had fought for the British in the American Revolutionary War, and been rewarded with land grants in Upper Canada for their service to the Crown. Because the grants were spread around the province, isolating the freed men among the otherwise-white settlers, on June 29, 1794, nineteen men from the Niagara region submitted a petition to Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe hoping to address this. Their petition read: Listed as having signed the petition were
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Richard Boury


Sergeant Richard Boury (June 15, 1830 to July 5, 1914) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Boury received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action in Charlottesville, Virginia on 5 March 1865. He was honored with the award on 26 March 1865. Boury was born in Monroe County, Ohio on 15 July 1830. He enlisted into the 1st West Virginia Volunteer Cavalry at Wirt Courthouse in West Virginia. He died on 5 July
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Islam in the United States


and in heathenish, idollatrous, pagan, and Mahometan parentage and country" who "heretofore and hereafter may be purchased, procured, or otherwise obteigned, as slaves." Records from the American Revolutionary War indicate that at least a few likely Muslims fought on the American side. Among the recorded names of American soldiers are "Yusuf ben Ali" (a member of the Turks of South Carolina community), "Bampett Muhamed" and possibly Peter Salem. The first country to recognize the United States as an independent nation was
16869974
Black British


Black African" tick boxes in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Black British was also a term for those Black and mixed-race people in Sierra Leone (known as the Krio) who were descendants of migrants from England and Canada and identified as British. They are generally the descendants of black people who lived in England in the 18th century and freed Black American slaves who fought for the Crown in the American Revolutionary War (see also Black Loyalists). In 1787, hundreds of London's black poor (a
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Diplomacy of the American Civil War


never operated. In 1863, Russia brutally suppressed a large scale insurrection in Poland during the January Uprising. Many Polish resistance leaders fled the country, and Confederate agents tried and failed to encourage them to come to America to join the Confederacy. The Lincoln administration looked abroad for places to relocate freed slaves who wanted to leave the United States. It opened U.S. negotiations with the Dutch government regarding African American migration and colonization of the Dutch colony of Suriname in South America. Nothing came of the idea, and after 1864 the idea
15399295
Western Theater of the American Civil War


5, moving them across country to the east to Fort Donelson. With a reduced crew manning the cannons, Tilghman fought an artillery duel with the Union squadron for nearly three hours before he determined that further resistance was useless. The Tennessee River was then open for future Union operations into the South. Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland River, was more defensible than Henry, and Navy assaults on the fort were ineffective. Grant's army marched cross-country in pursuit of Tilghman's men and attempted immediate assaults on the fort
21531031
A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.


critical contribution to the course of the rule of law in the United States and a difference in the lives of African Americans, and indeed the lives of all Americans. But his influence also crossed borders and inspired many who fought for freedom and equality in other countries... Judge Higginbotham played an important role in [South Africa's] first democratic elections, support the development of public interest law work in South Africa and helped to create broader opportunities for black South African lawyers." On December 1, 1998, two weeks before
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Harry Davis (soldier)


Private Harry Clay Davis (February 5, 1841 to July 9, 1929) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Davis received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action during the Battle of Ezra Church in Atlanta, Georgia on 28 July 1864. He was honored with the award on 2 December 1864. Davis was born in Franklin County, Ohio on 5 February 1841. He enlisted into the 46th Ohio Infantry. He died on 9 July 1929
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Carlton N. Camp


Private Carlton N. Camp (January 5, 1845 – September 1, 1926) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Camp received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action during the Third Battle of Petersburg in Virginia on 2 April 1865. He was honored with the award on 21 December 1909. Camp was born on 5 January 1845 in Hanover, New Hampshire. He enlisted into the 18th New Hampshire Infantry on 6 September 1864. He died on
7192848
David E. Buckingham


First Lieutenant David Eastburn Buckingham (February 3, 1840 to November 23, 1915) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Buckingham received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action at Rowanty Creek in Virginia on 5 February 1865. He was honored with the award on 13 February 1895. Buckingham was born on 3 February 1840 and enlisted in the 4th Delaware Volunteer Infantry. On 5 February 1865 he, along with Captain S. Rodmond Smith, swam across
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William H. H. Crosier


Sergeant William Henry Harrison Crosier (May 5, 1844 to March 14, 1903) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Crosier received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action during the Battle of Peachtree Creek in Georgia on 20 July 1864. He was honored with the award on 12 January 1892. Crosier was born in Skaneateles, New York on 5 May 1844. He enlisted into the 149th New York Infantry. He died on 14 March 1903
9447872
Battle of Mukden


War. Following the Battle of Liaoyang (24 August to 4 September 1904), Russian forces retreated to the river Sha Ho south of Mukden and regrouped. From 5 October 1904 to 17 October 1904, during the Battle of Shaho, the Russians unsuccessfully counter-attacked, but managed to temporarily slow the Japanese advance. A second Russian counter-offensive, the Battle of Sandepu, fought from (25–29 January 1905) was likewise unsuccessful. The fall of Port Arthur to General Nogi freed up the Japanese 3rd Army, which
20436046
Slavery in the United States


British to the West Indies and Florida were slaves owned by white Loyalists. Slaves and free blacks also fought on the side of rebels during the Revolutionary War. Washington authorized slaves to be freed who fought with the American Continental Army. Rhode Island started enlisting slaves in 1778, and promised compensation to owners whose slaves enlisted and survived to gain freedom. During the course of the war, about one fifth of the northern army was black. In 1781, Baron Closen, a German officer in the French Royal Deux-Ponts Regiment
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Benjamin H. Jellison


Benjamin H. Jellison (December 29, 1845 - April 5, 1904) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Jellison received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Jellison's medal was won for his heroism at the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on July 3, 1863. He was honored with the award on December 1, 1864. Jellison was one of seven soldiers from the 19th Massachusetts Infantry who were awarded the Medal of Honor. He joined the Army in
8927553
Saro (Nigeria)


Saros, or Creoles in Nigeria during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, were freed slaves who migrated to Nigeria in the beginning of the 1830s. They were known locally as saros (elided form of Sierra Leone, from the Yoruba "sàró") or Amaros: migrants from Brazil and Cuba. Saros and Amaros also settled in other West African countries such as the Gold Coast (Ghana). They were mostly freed and repatriated slaves from various West African and Latin American countries such as Sierra Leone, Brazil and Cuba
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Ramapough Mountain Indians


fought for the British during the American Revolution; that is, people who were considered suspect by the dominant British Americans. The people supposedly fled to frontier areas of the mountains after the end of the Revolutionary War. Thousands of escaped slaves had gone to British-occupied New York City on the promise of freedom. Some left the city for more isolated areas to escape capture after the war. There is no documentation of slaves, freed or runaway, nor of Hessian soldiers' marrying into the tribe. The group rejects this
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Mexican–American War


Colonel Albert Ramsey, a veteran of the Mexican–American War, and published in 1850. The war remains a painful historical event for the country. In Mexico City's Chapultepec Park, the "Niños Héroes" (Monument to the Heroic Cadets) commemorates the heroic sacrifice of six teenaged military cadets who fought to their deaths rather than surrender to American troops during the Battle of Chapultepec Castle on September 13, 1847. The monument is an important patriotic site in Mexico. On March 5, 1947, nearly one hundred years
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Kamba people


, Tanzania and in Paraguay. The population of Akamba in Uganda is about 8,280, 110,000 in Tanzania and about 10,000 in Paraguay. The Kamba people in the South American country of Paraguay form two groups: Kamba Cuá and Kamba Kokue with the former being the most famous. Some sources claim that a group of 250 freed slaves who had kept their Kamba identity arrived in Paraguay in 1820 in the company of Jose Gervasio Artigas, an exiled general from Uruguay. Their population is now estimated to be 10,000 people. The Kamba Cuá
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Honda Freed


the second country where the Freed was released after Japan. It is assembled at Honda Prospect Motor's Karawang plant and exported to other Southeast Asian markets. The Freed's ground clearance is 20 mm higher. For the Indonesian version the Honda Freed use the 7-seater layout and a 5-speed automatic gearbox instead the CVT transmission in the Japanese Domestic Market version. The Freed for the Indonesian market consists of 3 trim levels, the A, S and E. It received a facelift on 8 May 2012 and a minor update in September 2014.
21572739
Randolph family of Virginia


who freed slaves and fought Virginia's growing dependence on the "peculiar institution" in the early Republic are less known, but include Ryland Randolph of Turkey Island and Anne Cary Randolph Morris, who later married founding father (and anti-slavery advocate) Gouverneur Morris of New York Jacob Randolph of Isle of Wight County, Virginia, freed 13 slaves in 1783. John Randolph of Roanoke freed nearly 400 slaves in his will, probated in 1833 and upheld more than a decade later. Richard Randolph (? - 1859) of
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Old Calton Burial Ground


to Scots who fought and died in the American Civil War. Depicting a standing figure of Abraham Lincoln, with a freed slave giving thanks at his feet, it is a focal point of the burial ground, located just in front of Hume's tomb. It is the only monument to the American Civil War outside the United States and was the first statue to a US President outside her own borders. It is the only statue of Lincoln in Scotland. Sculptures were by George Edwin Bissell and stonework by Stewart McGlashan & Son
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Ruel Milton Johnson


Ruel Milton Johnson (June 5, 1843 – November 12, 1901) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Johnson received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Johnson's medal was won for his heroism at the Battle of Missionary Ridge on November 25, 1863 as part of the Chattanooga Campaign. He was honored with the award on August 24, 1896. Johnson later worked as a lawyer, and died in Goshen, Indiana, in 1901. Johnson was
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Charles A. Goheen


Charles A. Goheen (August 5, 1843 - May 8, 1899) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Goheen received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Goheen's medal was won for capturing the flag at the Battle of Waynesboro in Virginia on March 2, 1865. He was honored with the award on March 26, 1865. Goheen was born in Groveland, New York, entered service in Rochester, and was buried in Honeoye Falls, New York
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Alan Freed


Albert James "Alan" Freed (December 15, 1921 – January 20, 1965) was an American disc jockey. He became internationally known for promoting the mix of blues, country, rhythm and blues music on the radio in the United States and Europe under the name of rock and roll. His career was destroyed by the payola scandal that hit the broadcasting industry in the early 1960s. Freed was born to a Russian Jewish immigrant father, Charles S. Freed, and Welsh-American mother, Maude Palmer, in Windber
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Canada


angered many residents of the Thirteen Colonies, further fuelling anti-British sentiment in the years prior to the American Revolution. After the successful American War of Independence, the 1783 Treaty of Paris recognized the independence of the newly formed United States and set the terms of peace, ceding British North American territories south of the Great Lakes to the new country. The American war of independence also caused a large out-migration of Loyalists, the settlers who had fought against American independence. Many moved to Canada, particularly Atlantic Canada,
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Person of color


refer to people of mixed African and European descent who were freed from slavery in the Americas. In South Carolina and other parts of the Deep South, this term was used to distinguish between slaves who were mostly "black" or "negro" and free people who were primarily "mulatto" or "mixed race". After the American Civil War, "colored" was used as a label exclusively for black Americans, but the term eventually fell out of favor by the mid-20th century. Although American activist Martin Luther King
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Fort Randolph (West Virginia)


and politician from Virginia, who in 1770 made a long canoe trip down the Ohio River to examine the land around Point Pleasant. Many other British colonists and surveyors did the same over the next few years. The American Indians of the Ohio Country, who hunted on the land south of the Ohio River, had not been consulted in the 1768 treaty. The eventual result was Dunmore's War in 1774, fought primarily between militia from Virginia and Shawnees and Mingos from the Ohio Country, led by Chief Cornstalk. The Battle
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45th United States Colored Infantry Regiment


The 45th United States Colored Infantry Regiment was a regiment of the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was formed in 1864, and was composed of men who had been born as free men and others who had been formerly enslaved, but had been freed prior to their enlistment with the Union Army and the USCT. The primary states of residence of the men who fought with this regiment were New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. The regiment's flag was designed by David Bustill Bowser and shows
7992401
Approving the location of the National Liberty Monument


The joint resolution "Approving the location of a memorial to commemorate the more than 5,000 slaves and free Black persons who fought for independence in the American Revolution" () would approve the location of a commemorative work to honor the more than 5,000 slaves and free black persons who fought in the American Revolution. The joint resolution was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. During the American Revolution, free blacks in the North and South fought on both sides of the Revolution, although most fought
19312250
Matthew Henson


restaurant. His early years were marked by one especially memorable event. When he was 10 years old, he went to a ceremony honoring Abraham Lincoln, the American president who had fought so hard to preserve the Union during the Civil War and had issued the proclamation that had freed slaves in the occupied Confederate states in 1863. At the ceremony, Matthew was greatly inspired by a speech given by Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave and renowned orator, the longtime leading figure in the American black community. Douglass called upon blacks to
19285414
Michael A. Dillon


Private Michael A. Dillon (September 29, 1839 to October 6, 1904) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Dillon received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action during the Battle of Williamsburg in Virginia on 5 May 1862 and the Battle of Oak Grove in Virginia on 25 June 1862. He was honored with the award on 10 October 1889. Dillon was born in Chelmsford, Massachusetts on 29 September 1839. He enlisted into the 2nd New
12174298
Samuel Grimshaw


Samuel Grimshaw (March 2, 1840 - November 9, 1918) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Grimshaw received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Grimshaw's medal was won for his actions in Atlanta, Georgia, when he threw away a lit shell that had fallen near his company on August 6, 1864. He was honored with the award on April 5, 1894. Grimshaw was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, entered service in Smithfield,
12437115
Nicholas Fox


Private Nicholas Fox (November 1844 to October 2, 1929) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Fox received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action during the Siege of Port Hudson in Louisiana on 14 June 1863. He was honored with the award on 1 April 1898. Fox was born in Oldcastle, County Meath, Ireland in November 1844. While the exact date of his birth is uncertain, he was baptized on November 5, 1844
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Robert Boody


Robert Milton Boody (March 6, 1836 to October 22, 1913) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Boody received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action during the Battle of Williamsburg at Williamsburg, Virginia and the Battle of Chancellorsville at Chancellorsville, Virginia on May 5, 1862 and May 2, 1863. He was honored with the award on 8 July 1896. Boody was born in Limington, Maine on 6 March 1836. He joined
2631293
Stephen E. Chandler


Stephen Edwin Chandler (November 20, 1841 to February 1, 1919) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Chandler received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action at Amelia Springs, Virginia on 5 April 1865. He was honored with the award on 4 April 1898. Chandler was born in Battle Creek, Michigan on November 20, 1841. He initially joined the 24th New York Infantry in May 1861, and mustered out with this regiment in
8255260
Peter Grace


Peter Grace (March 18, 1845 – March 27, 1914) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Grace received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Jellison's medal was won for his heroism during the Battle of the Wilderness in Virginia on May 5, 1864. He was honored with the award on December 27, 1894. Grace was born in Berkshire, Massachusetts, where he entered service. He is buried in the Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.
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John A. Davidsizer


Sergeant John A. Davidsizer (April 26, 1834 – October 19, 1913) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Davidsizer received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action at Paines Crossroads, Virginia on 5 April 1865. He was honored with the award on 3 May 1865. Davidsizer was born in Milford, Pennsylvania on 26 April 1834. He enlisted into the 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry. He died on 19 October 1913 and his remains are interred at
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George M. Stratton


Three of those delusions held by citizens were that their own country was a paragon of peace, that its arms were only to defend the land, and that when it fought, it fought only for what was right. Blaming the enemy rounded out this list justifying war. Stratton believed and stated people could be freed of these delusions and that there was no will to war integral to human nature. He saw both the need for and the ways to eliminate war in individuals and in their ways, and not in abstract or
21701311
Irish Americans in the American Civil War


up to age 35 to register for the draft. This act angered many northern whites, mainly Irish immigrants who had accepted U.S. citizenship, not realizing that citizenship also made immigrants liable for the draft. Fuel was added to the fire of their anger when black men, mostly freed slaves, were excluded from this same draft. The Irish feared that newly freed slaves from the South would migrate to the North and create further competition in the labor market. Many Irish saw this as a "rich man's war and a poor
9208597
Ruhr Pocket


for days to the complete exhaustion of all available potential. The presence of SS troops was a common element in most instances of all-out resistance. In the south, the attack of the U.S. III Corps and XVIII Airborne Corps on 5 and 6 April was delayed by German troops, who skillfully used the rugged terrain of the 80% forested Sauerland district to force the Americans to fight for every stream, wood and town. The Germans fought strongly for the city of Siegen to prevent the Americans from gaining access to open
18136691
United States Declaration of Independence


of a few conspirators who wanted independence from the outset, and who had finally achieved it by inducing otherwise loyal colonists to rebel. Lind's pamphlet had an anonymous attack on the concept of natural rights written by Jeremy Bentham, an argument that he repeated during the French Revolution. Both pamphlets asked how the American slaveholders in Congress could proclaim that "all men are created equal" without freeing their own slaves. William Whipple, a signer of the Declaration of Independence who had fought in the war, freed his slave Prince Whipple
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Afro-Dominicans


are descendants of slaves imported to the country and who speak Spanish, there are also two Afro-communities that have English as their mother tongue: Samaná Americans and Cocolos. Samaná Americans from the Samaná Peninsula, are descendants, of freed slaves from the United States, who entered the country in 1824 when it was under Haitian rule, because of the favorable pro-African immigration policy of Haitian president Jean-Pierre Boyer, constitute the most sizable group of native English speakers in the Dominican Republic. Aware of its distinctive heritage
162751
James E. Cross


Corporal James Edwin Cross (March 27, 1840 - January 6, 1917) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Cross received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action at Blackburn's Ford in Virginia on 18 July 1861. He was honored with the award on 5 April 1898. Cross was born in Darien, New York on 27 March 1840. He enlisted in the 12th New York Volunteer Infantry. He died on 6 January 1917 and his
9713170
Hutchinson House (Edisto Island, South Carolina)


The Hutchinson House is the oldest identified house on Edisto Island, South Carolina associated with the black community after the American Civil War. It was the residence of Henry Hutchinson, a freed slave. Following the Civil War, Jim Hutchinson worked to assemble groups of freed blacks who would collectively purchase land on Edisto Island. Each contributor then received a fractional interest in the lands acquired. Jim Hutchinson's children built their own homes and farms on the land Jim had acquired. One of his children was Henry Hutchinson. Henry Hutchinson's
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John Riley (soldier)


desertion, Riley served in Company K of the 5th US Infantry Regiment. Riley and Patrick Dalton deserted in 1846, just before the beginning of the Mexican-American War, and joined the Mexican Army where they eventually formed the "Batallón de San Patricio", or Saint Patrick's Battalion. It was made up of mostly Irish and German immigrants, although it included Catholics from many other countries as well, plus some African Americans who escaped from slavery in the American South. The unit fought at several battles and finally at
7237539
Ehsan Ullah Khan


Muhammad Ehsan Ullah Khan (born in Gwadar, Balochistan, February 9, 1947) is the founder of the Bonded Labour Liberation Front (BLLF) of Pakistan, an organization that has freed more than 100,000 slaves in its country. Khan was the founder and president of Brick Kiln Workers Front, and BLLF Global, a human rights organization that opposes slavery and child slavery in Pakistan and South Asia. He is the national coordinator of Global March in Sweden. In 1992 he freed Iqbal Masih, who was working in the carpet
13741376
Black land loss in the United States


400,000 acres of land that lay on the coastline of Georgia and South Carolina to freed slaves. In addition, the mules that had been used in the war and were now idle were to be offered to these black Americans for use in farming. To help freed slaves deal with starvation, housing issues and medical aid, Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau in 1865. A significant number of freed slaves were settled in Georgia and South Carolina. Approximately 40,000 freed slaves were settled in over 400,000 acres of land, however their claims
5010444
Courtney Burton


Courtney Lee Burton (born June 28, 1978, South Bend, Indiana) is an American retired professional boxer from Benton Harbor, Michigan who fought in the super lightweight, lightweight, and welterweight divisions. Throughout his career Burton was known as a switch-hitter being able to fight either orthodox or southpaw, he stood 5' 9" though many boxing records have him listed at 5' 7". He held the WBO NABO lightweight title. At the age of eight, Burton was involved in a street fight on
19760243
Robert Smalls


Robert Smalls (April 5, 1839 – February 23, 1915) was an American businessman, publisher, and politician. Born into slavery in Beaufort, South Carolina, he freed himself, his crew, and their families during the American Civil War by commandeering a Confederate transport ship, CSS "Planter", in Charleston harbor, on May 13, 1862, and sailing it from Confederate-controlled waters of the harbor to the U.S. blockade that surrounded it. He then piloted the ship to the Union-controlled enclave in
15521989
Paraguay–Uruguay relations


Uruguay was the smallest member of the coalition at war with Paraguay, soldiers of both countries fought each other in the major battles of Jataí, Tuyutí and Curupaity. Both countries were founding members of the Mercosur, and both are full members of the Rio Group, the Latin Union, the Association of Spanish Language Academies, the Organization of American States, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the Union of South American Nations, the , the Cairns Group and the Group of 77. Both countries are sometimes grouped together because
3020993
Robert Finley


its independence on July 26, 1847. Between January 7, 1822, and the American Civil War, more than 15,000 freed and free-born American black people, and 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans, relocated to the settlement. Pioneers suffered extremely high mortality rates in the early years from new tropical diseases and lack of sanitation and infrastructure. The U.S. did not recognize Liberia's independence until February 5, 1862, during the American Civil War, because of previous opposition by Southern Congressmen. After the South seceded, remaining legislators voted
21363444
MV Faina


by American forces of two of the pirates from the "Faina" who were heading for shore, and the failed bid of the pirates to convince the intermediaries and the ship owner to speak to the Americans and gain the captured pirates' release. On 5 February 2009 the MV "Faina" was released after being held captive for 5 months. The remaining crew of 20 were freed along with the ship and were reported by the Ukrainian presidency as being healthy and safe. A ransom of US$3,200,000 was paid on 4 February
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Yolanda and the Thief


Yolanda and the Thief is a 1945 American Technicolor MGM musical-comedy film set in a fictional Latin American country. It stars Fred Astaire, Lucille Bremer, Frank Morgan, and Mildred Natwick, with music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Arthur Freed. The film was directed by Vincente Minnelli and produced by Arthur Freed. The film was a long-time pet project of Freed's to promote his lover Bremer's career, but fared disastrously at the box office. An attempt to create a whimsical fantasy, it ended up
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Zrenjanin


Serbs. Those Serbs recruited in the Austria-Hungary's army began to desert so they would not fight their own people. 7,000 of them formed volunteer detachments (people were from Banat and Srem) at the Eastern front and fought at Dobruja, but 79 of them fought on the Salonice front, too. After years, the Serbs forces made a breakthrough of the Salonice front in 1918 and began to liberate their own country. The First Army in command of Vojvoda Petar Bojović freed Belgrade on 1 November 1918 and began to
2858247
White trash


created in 1865, before President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated – was authorized to help "all refugees and all freedmen", black and white alike. The agency did this despite Johnson's basic lack of concern for the freed slaves the war had supposedly been fought over. But even though they provided relief to them, the Bureau did not accept Johnson's vision of poor whites as the loyal and honorable foundation of a reconstructed South. Northern journalists and other observers maintained that poor white trash, who were now destitute refugees, "
14829513
Rufus Saxton


based at Hilton Head during much of Union occupation of the Island and was in charge of supplying contraband colonies in the region including on Edisto Island and at Port Royal Saxton was later appointed military governor of the Department of the South. As such, he directed the recruitment of the first regiments of black soldiers who fought in the Union army. Saxton later served as assistant commissioner for the Freedmen's Bureau, where he pursued the policy of settling freed slaves in land confiscated from white landowners in the Sea Islands, until he was
19453459
Fergus, Ontario


first settlers to this area were freed slaves, who formed what was known as the Pierpoint Settlement, named after their leader, Richard Pierpoint, an United Empire Loyalist originally from Bondou, Senegal in Africa. Along with a half dozen other men who had also fought with the British during the American Revolutionary War, Pierpoint was granted land in Garafraxa Township somewhere around what is now Scotland Street in Fergus. Another settlement was founded nearby in 1833 and was first called Little Falls because of the scenic (water) falls, now between
21091684
2000 South American Cross Country Championships


The 2000 South American Cross Country Championships took place on February 5–6, 2000. The races were held in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, jointly with the Central American and Caribbean Cross Country Championships. Complete results, results for junior and youth competitions, and medal winners were published. This is an unofficial extraction from the results. According to an unofficial count, a total of 195 athletes from 16 countries participated. According to an unofficial count, 81 athletes from 7 countries were competing for the South American Cross Country Championships. According
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African-American socialism


the South installed laws known as Black Codes. These were created to forbid freed blacks' activity and assure them the opportunity as a labor force now that slavery had ended. History.com also presents information that many states forced African-Americans to sign a labor contract. If they refused, they would be arrested as vagrants. This was how the Southern whites tried to suppress the newly freed African-Americans of their freedom. Because the newly freed individuals did not have anything, they had to rent a portion of land from the
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William R. Fox


Private William R. Fox (1837 - June 6, 1888) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Fox received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action during the Third Battle of Petersburg in Virginia on 2 April 1865. He was honored with the award on 28 March 1879. Fox was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1837. Fox's trade was that of a bricklayer. He was residing at 517 South 15th Street at the time of his
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Charles L. Barrell


Lieutenant Charles L. Barrell (August 1, 1842 to April 18, 1914) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Barrell was awarded the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action near Camden, South Carolina, in April 1865. He was presented with the award on 14 May 1891. On 2 August 1862 Barrell enlisted at Leighton, Allegan County, Michigan into Company C of the 102d U.S. Colored Troops as a flag holder for the Grand Army of
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Josiah Phillips


Private Josiah Phillips (1830 – December 11, 1894) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Phillips received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Phillips's medal was won for his capturing the flag during the Battle of Sutherland's Station on April 2, 1865. He was honored with the award on May 10, 1865. Phillips was born in Wyoming County in New York, and entered service in Ulysses, Pennsylvania. Phillips is buried in South Lawrence Cemetery
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Education of freed people during the Civil War


The American Civil War led to enormous cultural changes throughout the United States. No group experienced a more radical shift than slaves who were freed as the Union Army swept through the South. While there was no initial plan for addressing the specific needs of the slave population, Union generals quickly recognized their impoverishment and suffering, and sought to provide education and material support both for civilians and for former slaves who enlisted with Union forces. As slaves were liberated by advancing forces, education quickly became one of their highest priorities. They saw
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Sixto Casanovas


of the Andes, and fought at Torata and Moquegua. In this last battle he was wounded and taken prisoner again being moved to Chicuito island on Lake Titicaca, until he was freed after the royalist surrender at the Battle of Ayacucho. Casanovas returned to Buenos Aires in 1824 and was named an officer of the dragoons regiment. He was named an officer in a dragoon regiment — armed cavalry — and fought in the 1825 campaign under the orders of Juan Lavalle and Juan Manuel de Rosas, on the south of Buenos Aires Province
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South America


in the World War I, sending a small fleet to the Mediterranean Sea and some troops to be integrated with the British and French troops. Brazil was the only South American country that fought in WWI. Later in 1932 Colombia and Peru entered a short armed conflict for territory in the Amazon. In the same year Paraguay declared war on Bolivia for possession of the Chaco, in a conflict that ended three years later with Paraguay's victory. Between 1941 and 1942 Peru and Ecuador fought decisively for territories claimed by both that were
6977977
History of Maryland


Francis Scott Key of Frederick, Maryland to write "The Star-Spangled Banner" as witness to the assault. It later became the country's national anthem. "See also: American Civil War, Origins of the American Civil War and History of slavery in Maryland" Maryland was a border state, straddling the North and South. As in Virginia and Delaware, some planters in Maryland had freed their slaves in the years after the Revolutionary War. By 1860 Maryland's free black population comprised 49.1% of the total of
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Issues of the American Civil War


the causes of the war. The key new issues were the elimination of slavery and the legal and economic status of the freed slaves. Slavery was the major cause of the American Civil War, with the South seceding to form a new country to protect slavery, and the North refusing to allow that. Historians generally agree that other economic conflicts were not a major cause of the war. Economic historian Lee A. Craig reports, "In fact, numerous studies by economic historians the past several decades reveal that economic conflict was not
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History of South Carolina


ties with Great Britain, the Low Country cities had numerous Loyalists. Many of the Patriot battles fought in South Carolina during the American Revolution were against loyalist Carolinians and the Cherokee Nation, which was allied with the British. This was to British General Henry Clinton's advantage, as his strategy was to march his troops north from St. Augustine and sandwich George Washington in the North. Clinton alienated Loyalists and enraged Patriots by attacking and nearly annihilating a fleeing army of Patriot soldiers who posed no threat. White colonists were not the only
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Slavery in the United States


Bay. The freedmen fought for Britain throughout the Atlantic campaign, including the attack on Washington D.C. and the Louisiana Campaign. Seven hundred of these ex-marines were granted land (they reportedly organised themselves in villages along the lines of their military companies). Many other freed American slaves were recruited directly into existing West Indian regiments, or newly created British Army units The British later resettled a few thousand freed slaves at Nova Scotia, as they had for freedmen after the Revolution. Some of the earlier freedmen had migrated to Sierra
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Augustin Přeučil


the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia seeking to leave the country and emigrate to South America, but he was arrested by German officials, and whilst imprisoned recruited as an secret agent by the Gestapo (the officer who recruited him was Oskar Fleischer), who trained him in espionage. He was subsequently freed and sent on an espionage mission with orders to join the emigre Czechoslovakian military diaspora that was fleeing their country after its occupation to Western Europe, particularly seeking to fall into the company of any groups of air force personnel, and
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African Americans in the Revolutionary War


the British troops in Boston took the offensive. Peter Salem, who had been freed by his owner to join the Framingham militia, was one of the blacks in the military. He served for seven years. In the Revolutionary War, slave owners often let their slaves enlist in the war with promises of freedom, but many were put back into slavery after the conclusion of the war. In April 1775, at Lexington and Concord, blacks responded to the call and fought with Patriot forces. Prince Estabrook was wounded some time
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Prince Estabrook


Prince Estabrook was an enslaved black man and Minutemen Private who fought and was wounded at the Battle of Lexington and Concord, the first battle of the American Revolutionary War. An undated broadside from the time identified him as "a Negro Man", spelled his name Easterbrooks, and listed him among the wounded from Lexington, Massachusetts. Born around 1741, he was a slave belonging to the family of Benjamin Estabrook from whom he most likely took his name. He was freed. The state Archives of Massachusetts say that he was
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Dan Kildee


it in America" initiative, a package of bipartisan bills that have been introduced in the House designed to help create a national manufacturing policy and promote American manufacturing. Kildee fought for the release of Amir Mirza Hekmati, a constituent and U.S. Marine veteran who was held as a political prisoner in Iran for nearly five years. Working alongside the Hekmati family and the Obama Administration to raise awareness, Amir's release was eventually negotiated and he was freed in January 2016. In September 2016, Kildee pushed the United States Congress to include
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Social situation in the French suburbs


Algerians who fought with the French army during the war). The latter were put in internment camps, while the pieds-noirs settled mainly in the south of France. For example, the city of Montpellier experienced population growth of 94% between 1954 and 1975 (97,501 to 191,354). Harkis were not officially given permission to migrate, but some French military officers helped facilitate their migration to France in order to save them from certain reprisals in Algeria. After being freed from the internment camps, many harkis went on to
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Amanda Freed


Amanda Louise Freed (born December 26, 1979) is an American softball coach and former pitcher. Born in Fountain Valley, California and raised in nearby Cypress, Freed went to Pacifica High School in Garden Grove. As a pitcher in high school, Amanda won numerous awards, including the Gatorade National Female Athlete of the Year (For all women in all sports). As a senior in high school, Freed was rank the top pitcher in the world and even threw 5 perfect games. As the top softball recruit in
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Political views of Bill O'Reilly


to say that the country was corrupt and compared the situation to the American support of South Vietnam during the Vietnam War: It's like South Vietnam. It's the same thing. There were a lot of South Vietnamese helping us. A lot fought and died on our side but there wasn't enough of them to prevent the communists which were more united. O'Reilly would go on to praise General David Petraeus for reducing American casualties and advancing American objectives with the 2007 troop surge: The cost has been great. We all
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Trinidadians and Tobagonians


in the Anglosphere. The ethnic composition of Trinidad and Tobago reflects a history of conquest and immigration. While the earliest inhabitants were of Amerindian heritage, since the 20th century the two dominant groups in the country were those of South Asian and of African heritage. Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonians make up the country's largest ethnic group (approximately 37.6 per cent). They are primarily descendants from indentured workers from South Asia, brought to replace freed African slaves who refused to continue working on the sugar plantations. Through cultural preservation some
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Henry S. Finkenbiner


Private Henry S. Finkenbiner (July 29, 1842 to June 3, 1922) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Finkenbiner received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action at Dingle's Mill in South Carolina on 9 April 1865. He was honored with the award on 30 March 1898. Finkenbiner was born in North Industry, Ohio on 29 July 1842. He enlisted into the 107th Ohio Infantry. He died on 3 June 1922 and his remains
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John Duffey (soldier)


John Duffey (March 17, 1836 – August 21, 1923) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Duffey received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action at Ashepoo River in South Carolina on 24 May 1864. He was honored with the award on 21 January 1897. Duffey was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts on 17 March 1836. He joined the Army from New Bedford in December 1863, and mustered out with his regiment in November 1865
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Orson W. Bennett


First Lieutenant Orson W. Bennett (November 17, 1841 – January 8, 1904) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Bennett received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action at Honey Hill, South Carolina on 30 November 1864. He was honored with the award on 9 March 1887. Bennett was born in Union City in Branch County, Michigan. He enlisted into the 1st Iowa Volunteers at Dubuque, Iowa. Having left the war due to
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Orlando E. Caruana


Private Orlando Emanuel Caruana (June 23, 1844 – September 14, 1917) was a Maltese-born American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Caruana received the country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor, for his action during the Battle of New Bern in North Carolina on 14 March 1862 and the Battle of South Mountain in Maryland on 14 September 1862. He was honored with the award on 14 November 1890. Caruana was born on 23 June 1844 in Valletta in the British Crown
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Anne Moody


Anne Moody (September 15, 1940 – February 5, 2015) was an American author who wrote about her experiences growing up poor and black in rural Mississippi, and her involvement in the Civil Rights Movement through the NAACP, CORE and SNCC. Moody fought racism and segregation from when she was a little girl in Centreville, Mississippi, and continued throughout her adult life around the American South. Moody, née Essie Mae Moody on September 15, 1940, was the oldest of eight children. After her parents split up when
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Battle of Tulifinny


The Battle of Tulifinny was an American Civil War engagement fought December 6–9, 1864 in South Carolina during General Sherman's March to the Sea, also known as the Savannah Campaign. Outnumbered 5-1 a Confederate force successfully defended a critical section of the Charleston-Savannah railroad. This engagement was historically significant because it was one of the rare occasions when United States Marines fought in combat during the Civil War, in addition the Confederate forces included the entire Corps of Cadets from the South Carolina Military Academy (now The Citadel)
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Military history of Asian Americans


targeted Asian American service members, sometimes putting a price on their heads. Proportionally, Asian Americans suffered fewer casualties compared to other ethnic groups in Vietnam, with a total of 139 Asian American servicemen dying during the conflict. Many other then-future Asian Americans serve the military out of its normal ranks during the conflict. These included groups such as the Hmong and Laotians who fought alongside American service members in the Laotian Civil War, Vietnamese Americans who fought as members of the South Vietnam's armed forces, and Montagnard (also
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Athletics at the 2002 South American Games – Results


These are the full results of the athletics competition at the 2002 South American Games also serving as the 2002 South American Junior Championships in Athletics. The event took place between August 1 and August 3, 2002, at Estádio Olímpico do Pará in Belém, Brazil. In contrast to the South American Junior Championships, there is a quorum for the South American Games: participation of at least 5 athletes from at least 3 countries is required. If the quorum requirement is not met for an event, only one medal per country is
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Romanian Americans


There were several Romanians who became officers in the Union Army during the American Civil War, including Brevet Brigadier General George Pomutz, commander of the 15th Iowa Infantry Regiment, and Captain Nicolae Dunca, who fought in the Battle of Cross Keys. There were also several Romanian soldiers who fought in the Spanish–American War in 1898. The first major wave of Romanian immigrants to the United States took place between 1895 and 1920, in which 145,000 Romanians entered the country. They came from various regions in Moldavia, Transylvania and neighboring
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Mildred Dixon


parents had emigrated from Africville, Nova Scotia. They were descendants of Black Loyalists, freed American slaves who had been relocated to the area after the American Revolutionary War by British forces, who had promised them freedom. She and Ellington visited her extended family in Africville throughout her life. South Boston had a thriving black community, which included descendants of freedmen and free blacks who had migrated from the South after the Civil War, for better opportunities in the North. She learned tap dance and other forms of stage dancing. Dixon
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Slavery during the American Civil War


allowing Lincoln to issue his emancipation proclamation. Abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass greatly approved Lincoln's new position, writing, "The white man is liberated, the black man is liberated, the brave men now fighting in the battles of their country against rebels and traitors are now liberated..." The proclamation did receive some criticism, particularly from the South. It also only freed slaves in Confederate controlled areas, exempting about 800,000 of the country’s 2.9 million slaves. In addition, it depended on Union gains in the war for
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List of Medal of Honor recipients educated at the United States Military Academy


repelling an invasion by North Korea and its allies into South Korea. For their involvement, 133 Americans were presented with the Medal of Honor, two of whom attended USMA. The United States and other anti-communist countries fought against North Vietnam and its communist allies during the Vietnam War in an attempt to prevent the communist takeover of South Vietnam and, more broadly, to implement the United States' policy of containment to prevent the spread of communism. Eight of the 246 men who received the Medal of Honor for fighting in
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Abolitionism in the United States


of free black people in the Upper South increased from 1 to 10 percent, with most of that increase in Virginia, Maryland and Delaware. By 1810 three-quarters of blacks in Delaware were free. The most notable of men offering freedom was Robert Carter III of Virginia, who freed more than 450 people by "Deed of Gift", filed in 1791. This number was more slaves than any single American had freed before or after. Often slaveholders came to their decisions by their own struggles in the Revolution; their
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Society of American Indians


] occupied, a new step toward social justice will have been taken. " On April 5, 1911, the press reported the meetings as "without precedent in the history of the country, only paralleled in significance by those held immediately after the close of the Civil War for the purpose of organizing intelligent work among the freed men." It was further reported that the new national organization was being established for the purpose of "bettering of conditions for the Indians and the upbuilding a race consciousness", and that in October
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Music of Nova Scotia


Empire Loyalists) in Nova Scotia during the period following the end of the American Revolutionary War. It was during this time that a large African Nova Scotian community took root, populated by freed slaves and Black Loyalists and their families, who had fought for the Crown in exchange for land. This community later grew when the Royal Navy began intercepting slave ships destined for the United States, and deposited these free slaves on the shores of Nova Scotia. Later, in the 19th century the Irish Great Hunger and Scottish Highland Clearances resulted
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American humor


Yankee" as that first American comic figure, the first widely accepted American character that the nation could find funny, make fun of and even export for the amusement of the world – a gangly traveler who told stories, played elaborate practical jokes, was ingenuous, sly, perhaps uneducated. She reports that American comedy sprang forth after the American Revolution, when the country was "freed from the worry of self preservation" and its citizens began to regard themselves as "works of art". American humor might also be distinguished
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