who is the woman on the australian 20 dollar note
Australian two dollar coin


The Australian two dollar coin is the highest-denomination coin of the Australian dollar. It was first issued on 20 June 1988, having been in planning since the mid-1970s. It replaced the Australian two-dollar note due to having a longer circulatory life. The one dollar and two dollar coins are legal tender up to the sum of not exceeding 10 times the face value of the coin concerned. In accordance with all other Australian coins, the obverse features the portrait of the reigning monarch, who during the lifetime of the
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Australian twenty-dollar note


The Australian twenty-dollar note was issued when the currency was changed from the Australian pound to the Australian dollar on 14 February 1966. It replaced the £10 note which had similar orange colouration. There have been only two different issues of this denomination: a paper note which had a gradient of yellow and red, with a distinct orange background, and a polymer note which can be recognised for its distinct red-orange colouration. The polymer note was issued on 31 October 1994. , 164 million $20 banknotes were
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Australian dollar


the first country in the world to have a complete system of banknotes made from plastic (polymer). These notes provide much greater security against counterfeiting. The polymer notes are cleaner than paper notes, are more durable and easily recyclable. Australia's currency comprises coins of 5, 10, 20 and 50 cent and one and two dollar denominations; and notes of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 dollar denominations. Many forms of currency were used in the Australian colonies after the arrival of the first European settlers in
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Kiribati dollar


the note and celebrate the nation's tenth anniversary. Kiribati's first coins were introduced in 1979 following independence and were directly pegged to the Australian dollar. The coins were issued in denominations of 1-, 2-, 5-, 10-, 20- and 50-cents, and 1 dollar. Except for the 50 cents and 1 dollar pieces, all of these coins are the same size, weight, and composition as the corresponding Australian coins, with the 1 and 2 cents pieces composed of bronze and the 5, 10, 20, 50
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Australian dollar


series of banknotes has been introduced, starting with the $5 note from 1 September 2016. A new $10 banknote has been released into circulation from 20 September 2017, and a new $50 note has been released starting from 18 October 2018. The new $20 note will be released in October 2019 and the new $100 note in 2020. In 1966, when the dollar was introduced, the international currency relationships were maintained under the Bretton Woods system, a fixed exchange rate system using a U.S. dollar standard.
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Australian twenty-dollar note


Garry Emery. Colouration is said to be either red or orange but has been debated many times over the years. Official documentation states that the colour of the twenty dollar note is predominantly red. This polymer note is colloquially known as a "lobster", due to its red colour. The "Next Generation" $20 banknote will feature the same Australian personalities as the previous design together with other design features. The new design also retains the predominantly red colour for the note. This note is expected to be released for
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Convict women in Australia


relationship out of wedlock, Marsden considered this whoredom. Many couples lived and cohabited together monogamously without being officially married, yet these women were recorded as being prostitutes. The women were scarred from being convicted and could not redeem their status because it differed so greatly from the British ideal of a woman, who was virtuous, polite and a woman of the family. Mary Reibey has featured on the obverse of Australian twenty-dollar note since 1994. "The Incredible Journey of Mary Bryant", a British-Australian film based
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Australian fifty-dollar note


The Australian fifty-dollar note is an Australian banknote with a face value of fifty Australian dollars (A$50). It is currently a polymer banknote, featuring portraits of David Unaipon and Edith Cowan. There was no fifty-dollar note released as part of the initial rollout of decimal currency in 1966, but inflation necessitated its introduction seven years later in 1973. The original paper fifty-dollar note, designed by Gordon Andrews, has a scientific theme. On the front of the note is a portrait of Australian pathologist
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Banknotes of the Australian dollar


its territories". The $50 note was introduced in 1973 and the $100 note in 1984, in response to inflation requiring larger denominations for transactions. The one dollar note was replaced by a coin in 1984, while the two dollar note was replaced by a smaller coin in 1988. These original bank notes were designed by Gordon Andrews, who rejected traditional Australian clichés in favour of interesting and familiar subjects such as Aboriginal culture, women, the environment, architecture and aeronautics. Although no longer printed, all previous issues
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Australian twenty-dollar note


with features of the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia of a De Havilland DH.50 biplane "Victory" supplied by Qantas, a representation of the pedal wireless invented by Alfred Hermann Traeger, Coledge Harland (the man on the camel), who was a missionary to the inland people of Australia (Australian Inland Mission which later became Frontier Services). His signature is included. A compass is in the clear window with the raised 20 lettering. These famous people are depicted against a definite red background. The note was designed by
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Catherine Helen Spence


Catherine Helen Spence (31 October 1825 – 3 April 1910) was a Scottish-born Australian author, teacher, journalist, politician, leading suffragist, and Georgist. In 1897 she became Australia's first female political candidate after standing (unsuccessfully) for the Federal Convention held in Adelaide. Called the "Greatest Australian Woman" by Miles Franklin and given the nomenclature of "Grand Old Woman of Australia' on her eightieth birthday, Spence was commemorated on the Australian five-dollar note issued for the Centenary of Federation of Australia
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Banknotes of the Australian dollar


The banknotes of the Australian dollar were first issued by the Reserve Bank of Australia on 14 February 1966, when Australia changed to decimal currency and replaced the pound with the dollar. This currency was a lot easier for calculating cost rather than the British pound, shilling and pence system. The $5 note was not issued until May 1967. The $1 (10/-), $2 (£1), $10 (£5), and $20 (£10) had exact exchange rates with pounds and
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Australian ten-dollar note


The Australian ten-dollar note was issued when the currency was changed from the Australian pound to the Australian dollar on 14 February 1966; it replaced the £5 note which included the same blue colouration. There have been four different issues of this denomination, a paper banknote, a commemorative hipolymer note to celebrate the bicentennial of Australian settlement (the first polymer banknote of its kind), the 1993-2017 polymer note, and from September 2017 a polymer note featuring a transparent window. According to Reserve Bank of Australia statistics
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Edith Cowan


Edith Dircksey Cowan OBE (née Brown; 2 August 18619 June 1932) was an Australian social reformer who worked for the rights and welfare of women and children. She is best known as the first Australian woman to serve as a member of parliament. Cowan has featured on the reverse of Australia's 50-dollar note since 1995. Cowan was born on a sheep station near Geraldton, Western Australia. She was the granddaughter of two of the colony's early settlers, Thomas Brown and John Wittenoom. Cowan's mother died when she
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Australian one-dollar note


The Australian one-dollar note (or $1 bill) was introduced in 1966 due to decimalisation, to replace the 10-shilling note. The note was issued from its introduction in 1966 until its replacement by the one-dollar coin in 1984. Approximately 1.7 billion one-dollar notes were printed. During the note's issue, between its introduction and 1974, the note bore "Commonwealth of Australia" as the identification of country. At least 680,000,000 notes were printed in this time period. After 1974 and until the dollar
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Australian dollar


10 and $20 notes had exact equivalents in the former pound banknotes. The $5 note was issued in 1967, the $50 note was issued in 1973 and the $100 was issued in 1984. The first polymer banknotes were issued in 1988 by the Reserve Bank of Australia, specifically polypropylene polymer banknotes (produced by Note Printing Australia), to commemorate the bicentenary of European settlement in Australia. All Australian notes are now made of polymer. Australia was the first country to develop and use polymer banknotes. A new
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Charles Kingsford Smith


Smith Elementary School in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He was pictured on the Australian $20 paper note (in circulation from 1966 until 1994, when the $20 polymer note was introduced to replace it), to honour his contribution to aviation and his accomplishments during his life. He was also depicted on the Australian one-dollar coin of 1997, the centenary of his birth. Albert Park in Suva, where he landed on the trans-Pacific flight, now contains the Kingsford Smith Pavilion. A memorial stands
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Banknotes of the Australian pound


issuing department within the bank which assumed those responsibilities previously held by the Treasury. On 14 February 1966 the Australian pound was replaced by a decimal currency, the Australian dollar, which was divided into one hundred cents. The first national issue of paper money (known as Superscribed banknotes) consisted of overprinted notes from fifteen private banks and the Queensland government, issued between 1910–1914 in denominations of £1, £5, £10, £20, £50 and £100. The notes, purchased by the Australian government from
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Barbadian dollar


. In 1882, the Colonial Bank introduced notes for 5 dollars. In 1920, 20 and 100 dollar notes were also issued by this bank. In 1922, Barclays Bank, having taken over the Colonial Bank, began issuing 5, 20 and 100 dollar notes. The higher denominations ceased production in 1940 but the 5 dollar continued to be issued until 1949. The Royal Bank of Canada introduced notes in 1909, in denominations of 5, 20 and 100 dollars. From 1920, these notes also bore the denomination in sterling
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Australian five-dollar note


The Australian five-dollar note was first issued on 29 May 1967, fifteen months after the currency was changed from the Australian pound to the Australian dollar on 14 February 1966. It was a new denomination with mauve colouration – the pound system had no £2½ note. According to Reserve Bank statistics, at the end of June 2017 there were 211 million $5 banknotes in circulation, 14% of the total banknotes in circulation; worth $1,055 million, or 1% of the total value for all denominations. Leek
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Banknotes of the Australian dollar


visually impaired community to tell the value of the note after a successful campaign led by 15-year-old Connor McLeod, who is blind, to introduce the new feature. The $5 banknote includes the tactile feature and was issued on 1 September 2016, to coincide with Australia's National Wattle Day, followed by the new $10 banknote on 20 September 2017. For the remaining denominations, the new $50 note was released for circulation on 18 October 2018 with the remaining denomination released in subsequent years. The Reserve Bank currently
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Barbadian dollar


, with 5 dollars = 1 pound 10 pence, 20 dollars = 4 pounds 3 shillings 4 pence and 100 dollars = 20 pounds 16 shillings 8 pence. Notes were issued until 1938. The Canadian Bank of Commerce issued notes between 1922 and 1940, also in denominations of 5, 20 and 100 dollars. Between 1938 and 1949, the government issued notes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 20 and 100 dollars. All bore the portrait of King George VI. On 3 December 1973, the Central Bank of
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Guyanese dollar


Bank of Canada introduced 100 dollars notes, followed in 1913 by 5 and 20 dollars notes. From 1920, the notes also bore the denomination in sterling. 100 dollars were issued until 1920, with the 5 and 20 dollars issued until 1938. Paper money production specifically for British Guiana ceased in 1942 and local notes were replaced by BWI$ notes in 1951. In 1955, the BWI$ was decimalized and coinage was issued in the name of the "British Caribbean Territories, Eastern Group". In 1965, the East Caribbean dollar
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Australian two-dollar note


The Australian two-dollar note was introduced in 1966 due to decimalisation, to replace the £1 note which had similar green colouration. The note was issued from its introduction in 1966 until its replacement by the two dollar coin in 1988. The paper design included a watermark in the white field of Captain James Cook, the watermark was also used in the last issue of pound banknotes. A metallic strip, first near the centre of the note, then from 1976 moved to the left side on the obverse of the note
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Australian one hundred-dollar note


had more cash value in circulation. In June 2008 there were 176.9 million notes in circulation (19%), with a value of $17,690 million (42.1%). Again, the value of cash in circulation is more for the $50 note. The larger value in $50 notes can be explained by the fact that almost all automated teller machines dispense $20 and $50 notes, but not $100 notes. In June 2017, 337 million $100 notes were in circulation, 22% of the
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History of the Canadian dollar


Jacques Cartier, with the provincial coat-of-arms; a two-dollar note, featuring Britannia and allegorical figures; a five-dollar note, featuring Queen Victoria, an indigenous woman, a lion and a ship under sail; a ten-dollar note, featuring Columbus, symbols of transportation, and beavers; a twenty-dollar note, featuring Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and his wife Alexandra, Princess of Wales, as well as beavers building a dam; and a fifty-dollar note featuring Mercury
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History of the United States dollar


other colors are present only in subtle shades in secondary design elements. This contrasts with notes of the euro, Australian dollar, and most other currencies, where strong colours are used to distinguish each denomination from the other. The new $20 bills entered circulation October 9, 2003, the new $50 bills, September 28, 2004. The new $10 notes were introduced in 2006 and redesigned $5 bills began to circulate March 13, 2008. Each will have subtle elements of different colors, though will continue to
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Australian one-dollar note


coin was introduced in 1984, the note bore "Australia" as its identification of country. Around 1,020,000,000 such notes were printed after 1974. The Australian one-dollar note was designed by Gordon Andrews, the design being accepted in April 1964. The note features Queen Elizabeth II wearing Garter robes on the obverse with the Australian coat of arms. This portrait was based on a photo taken by Douglas Glass. The reverse of the note features Aboriginal contemporary art, created by David Malangi. The artwork depicts the "mortuary feast
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Feminism in Australia


in fields already populated by women. Edith Cowan, the first woman to be elected to an Australian parliament in 1920, is depicted on the back of the Australian fifty-dollar note. In August 1943, Enid Lyons and Dorothy Tangney became the first two women to elected to the federal parliament. Between the World Wars, the Country Women's Association was founded in New South Wales and Queensland, spreading throughout the rest of Australia over the following 14 years. An overarching, national group was formed in 1945. The popular
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Million Dollar Crocodile


the crocodiles to a gangster who plans to use them for high priced meals. The story begins as the crocodile is released, swallows a fortune won by a local woman who forces the police to hunt it, and begins to terrorize the local town. "Million Dollar Crocodile" was shown as a "work-in-progress" print at Marché du Film at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2012. Australian sales firm Odin's Eye Entertainment picked up the rights to "Million Dollar Crocodile". The film was released
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Australian one dollar coin


The Australian one dollar coin is the second-most-valuable circulation denomination coin of the Australian dollar after the two-dollar coin; there are also non-circulating legal-tender coins of higher denominations (five-, ten-, two-hundred-dollar coins and the one-million-dollar coin). It was first issued on 14 May 1984 to replace the one-dollar note which was then in circulation, although plans to introduce a dollar coin had existed since the mid-1970s. The first year of minting saw
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New Zealand twenty-dollar note


The New Zealand twenty-dollar note ($20) is the current middle denomination banknote of the New Zealand dollar. The $20 note was introduced on 10 July 1967, replacing the New Zealand ten-pound note. The first $20 notes featured Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse, with a window watermark panel showing a portrait of Captain James Cook. The obverse featured a kererū ("Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae") and a miro ("Prumnopitys ferruginea"). This issue's design was very similar to
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Cook Islands dollar


Cook Islands. On 20 July 1987, 3, 10, and 20 dollar notes were introduced by the government, followed by 50 dollar notes as part of a new series of notes in 1992. The notes all bear images of items, events, and panorama relevant to native Polynesian culture. In June 1995, the government of the Cook Islands began exchanging all of the larger banknotes for New Zealand currency, but the 3-dollar note and all coins remain in use. Cook Islanders are showing a preference for New Zealand's banknotes
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Banknotes of the Canadian dollar


, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that an "iconic" Canadian woman would be featured on one of the upcoming notes. On December 8, 2016, the Government of Canada and the Bank of Canada announced that civil rights activist Viola Desmond will replace Sir John A. Macdonald (who had been on the face of the $10 note since 1971) as the first non-royal woman to appear alone on a regularly circulated Bank of Canada note. This note was released to the public on November 19, 2018. ‡ Withdrawn
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Australian dollar


Charles, Prince of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer in 1981, the Brisbane Commonwealth Games in 1982, and the Australian Bicentenary in 1988. Issues expanded into greater numbers in the 1990s and the 21st century, responding to collector demand. Australia has also made special issues of 20-cent, one-dollar and two-dollar coins. Current Australian 5-, 10- and 20-cent coins are identical in size to the former Australian, New Zealand, and British sixpence, shilling, and two shilling (florin) coins. In 1990 and 1993
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Banknotes of the Australian dollar


of Australian dollar banknotes are considered legal tender. In 1988, the Reserve Bank of Australia issued $10 notes in plastic. The polypropylene polymer banknotes were produced by Note Printing Australia, to commemorate the bicentenary of European settlement in Australia. These notes contained a transparent "window" with a diffractive optically variable device (DOVD) image of Captain James Cook as a security feature. Australian banknotes were the first in the world to use such features. All current Australian banknotes also contain Microprinting for further security. There were initial difficulties
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Australian ten-pound note


The Australian ten-pound note was a denomination of the Australian pound that was equivalent to twenty dollars on 14 February 1966. This denomination along with all other pound denomination is still legal tender = twenty dollar note. It was first issued in 1911 onover printed banknotes issued by the various commercial and state banks of the time. In 1913 the first Australian banknote was issued. It featured a scene of the carting wheat at Narwonah in New South Wales. These banknotes were overprinted on private issue from various banks, signatures were Jas
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Australian one hundred-dollar note


The Australian one hundred-dollar note was first issued in 1984 as a paper note. There have been two different issues of this denomination: initially a very light turquoise-blue paper note, and from May 1996, a green polymer note. According to Reserve Bank of Australia statistics, the number of $100 banknotes in circulation in June 2005 was 149 million—18.5% of all notes in circulation. The cash value for these notes was $14,924 million—41.9% of the total value for all denominations. Only the $50 note
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Hong Kong dollar


1975, the 5-dollar notes were replaced by a coin, whilst 1,000-dollar notes were introduced in 1977. The Mercantile Bank was absorbed by the HSBC in 1978 and ceased issuing notes. In 1985, 20-dollar notes were introduced, whilst, in 1993, a 10-dollar coin was introduced and the banks stopped issuing 10 dollar notes. In 1994 the HKMA gave authority to the Bank of China to issue notes. After a less-than-successful trial from 1994 to 2002 to move the 10-dollar denomination from the banknote format (issued by
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Australian twenty-dollar note


circulation in October 2019. The paper design included a watermark in the white field of Captain James Cook, the watermark was also used in the last issue of pound banknotes. A metallic strip, first near the centre of the note, then from 1976 moved to the left side on the obverse of the note. Polymer issue includes a watermark or clear imprint of the coat of arms which is printed over. Embossing or a raised image in the clear panel of the number 20. Also for this issue fluorescent colouring was added
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Australian dollar


old British system of 12 pence to a shilling, 20 shillings to a pound. In 1963, Australia initiated the change to decimal currency. More than 1000 submissions were made about the name of the new currency unit. The Prime Minister of the day, Sir Robert Menzies, proposed the 'royal'. The 'dollar' was eventually chosen as the name, and decimal currency was introduced on 14 February 1966. Shortly after the changeover, substantial counterfeiting of $10 notes was detected. This provided an impetus for the
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Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar


1975, the 5-dollar notes were replaced by a coin, whilst 1,000-dollar notes were introduced in 1977. The Mercantile Bank was absorbed by HSBC in 1978 and ceased issuing notes. In 1985, 20-dollar notes were introduced, whilst, in 1993, a 10-dollar coin was introduced and the banks stopped issuing 10-dollar notes. In 1994, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), gave authority to the Bank of China to issue notes. The 1-cent note issued by the Government was demonetised and ceased to be legal tender on 1 October
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Trinidad and Tobago dollar


until 1941. In 1905, notes were introduced by the government in denominations of $1 & $2, followed by $5 in 1935, followed by $10 & $20 in 1942. The Royal Bank of Canada introduced $5, $20 & $100 notes in 1909. From 1920, the notes also bore the denomination in sterling. 100-dollar notes were not issued after 1920, whilst the $5 and $20 were issued until 1938. The Canadian Bank of Commerce introduced $5, $20 &
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Barbadian dollar


Barbados introduced notes in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 100 dollars. The 1 dollar note was not issued again, with 2 dollar notes introduced in 1980, followed by 50 dollars in 1989. Banknotes currently in circulation are: The defunct 1 dollar note was red in colour and had Samuel Jackman Prescod on the obverse. On 2 May 2013, the Central Bank of Barbados issued a new series of banknotes with a more modern design. The portraits on all of the denominations have been retained, but on
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Helen Appo Cook


died from pneumonia and heart failure on 20 November 1913 in Washington, D.C. at the family Cook residence (1118 Sixteenth Street, Northwest). One African American newspaper noted that she was “easily the wealthiest colored woman in the District of Columbia. The Cook estate has been considered to be worth not less than a quarter of a million dollars...Mrs. Cook was greatly interested in Negro organizations and charity work and was a woman of kindly heart and broad sympathies.” Cook was buried at Columbian Harmony Cemetery, along with
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New Zealand fifty-dollar note


The New Zealand fifty-dollar note ($50) is the current middle denomination banknote of the New Zealand dollar. The $50 note was introduced at the end of 1983. The 50 dollar note was issued in 1983 to fill the gap between the 20 and 100 dollar notes. The first issue had a portrait of Elizabeth II with a mango-orange (yellowish-orange) background. On the back is a morepork or ruru, New Zealand's only extant native owl. The owl is perched on a pohutukawa
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Guyanese dollar


whilst the 10 dollars is struck in nickel-plated steel and has an equilateral-curved heptagonal shape. Private banknotes were introduced in the late 19th century by the British Guiana Bank and the Colonial Bank. Both issued 5, 20 and 100 dollars. The British Guiana Bank issued notes until 1907, with the Colonial Bank issuing notes until 1917. The Colonial Bank was taken over by Barclays Bank, which issued notes in denominates of 5, 10, 20 and 100 dollars between 1926 and 1941. In 1909, the Royal
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Papua New Guinean kina


They circulated along with the dollar until 1 January 1976 when the dollar ceased to be legal tender. The 20 kina was introduced in 1977, 50 kina in 1988, followed by 100 kina in 2005. All colouration of the individual denominations are the same as current and former Australian decimal currency. Beginning in 1991, Papua New Guinea's banknotes have been produced on polymer, although in 2009 the bank issued Kina & Toea Day commemorative notes on paper substrates. A new issue of banknotes has been issued starting with the 50 kina
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Bermudian dollar


notes in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 dollars. From 1974, the Bermuda Monetary Authority took over paper money production, introducing 100-dollar notes in 1982 and 2 dollars in 1988, when the 1 dollar was replaced by a coin. 1970 dollar notes are all printed with "Bermuda Government" across the top. Later notes substitute "Bermuda Monetary Authority". All of the "legacy" banknotes were withdrawn from circulation on 1 January 2014, but still able to be exchanged for new banknotes for 10
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Raukkan, South Australia


Aboriginals from Raukkan were listed on the South Australian electoral roll and seventy per cent of these voted at the 1896 South Australian election. Raukkan was home to James Unaipon and his son David. James Unaipon was the first Australian Aboriginal deacon. and co-authored writings on the Ngarrindjeri language and David was a writer and inventor, who along with the Raukkan Church, is featured on the Australian fifty-dollar note. Harry Hewitt was a notable South Australian athlete who spent much of his life based at the Point McLeay mission.
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Catherine Helen Spence


by the Art Gallery of South Australia. This portrait was used as the basis of her appearance on an edition of the Australian five dollar note. In 1975 she was honoured on a postage stamp bearing her portrait issued by Australia Post. The Catherine Helen Spence Memorial Scholarship was instituted by the South Australian Government in her honour. See separate article for a list of recipients. Her image appears on the commemorative Centenary of Federation Australian five-dollar note issued in 2001. One of the four schools at Aberfoyle Park, South Australia
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Nova Scotian dollar


were the only coins issued for the Nova Scotian dollar. Between 1861 and 1866, the Provincial Government introduced Treasury notes for 5 dollars. In addition, three chartered banks issued paper money in Nova Scotia, the "Bank of Nova Scotia", the "Halifax Banking Company" and the "Merchants Bank of Halifax". The private banks all issued notes in a single denomination, 20 dollars. They later issued notes in Canadian dollars. The Province of Canada issued notes dated 1866 overprinted with "Payable in Halifax / only
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Women and government in Australia


at all levels of government and in all states and territories until 1962. While the "Commonwealth Franchise Act" allowed women to stand in the 1903 and subsequent Federal elections, it was not until the 1943 election that Enid Lyons and Senator Dorothy Tangney became the first women to be elected to the Federal Parliament. The first woman to be elected to any Australian parliament was Edith Cowan in 1921 (WA) and she is commemorated on the fifty dollar note. The first female to lead a state or territory government was Rosemary Follett
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Chinese customs gold unit


to one US dollar. In practice, the customs gold unit lost all its special features and simply became equivalent to 20 Chinese legal tender dollars (CGU1 = CNC$20). When Nationalist troops and officials arrived in Shanghai in 1945, they brought with them newly printed notes of 20 and 50 customs gold units. These notes proved more popular locally than Chinese legal tender notes and, due to a mistaken belief in the existence of a gold-redemption clause, they commanded a premium when exchanged for Central Reserve Bank notes of the
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Belize dollar


The Board of Commissioners of Currency operated from 1894 to 1976. In 1894, the government introduced notes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 50 and 100 dollars. Production of 50 and 100 dollars ceased after 1928. 20 dollar notes were introduced in 1952. British Honduras was officially renamed Belize in 1973, and the following year a new family of notes was introduced with the new country name. On November 1, 1976, the Monetary Authority of Belize was established, and took over note issuance. The
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Mary Reibey


and determined person of strong personality, during her lifetime Reibey earned a reputation as an astute and successful business woman in the colony of New South Wales. She is featured on the obverse of Australian twenty-dollar notes printed since 1994. The oldest son of Mary and Thomas Reibey, Thomas Haydock Reibey II (1821-1912: clergyman, farmer and politician), later became the Premier of Tasmania from 1876 to 1877. The Entally Estate was established in 1819 by Thomas Haydock Reibey II in Hadspen, Tasmania. The original
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Trinidad and Tobago dollar


$100 notes in 1921, with the $5 & $20 notes issued until 1939. The Royal Bank of Canada one hundred dollar note, shown here; is a relic of a monetary system, in which the unit of account was related to the circulating coinage on the basis of two historical coins which were no longer in use. On 14 December 1964, the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago introduced notes for $1, $5, $10 & $20. New denominations in the form of $50
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New Zealand ten-dollar note


design except the portrait of the Queen and added colors. The notes were completely re-designed in the 1990s. This series uses the same designs as the current polymer series. The main differences are the notes are cotton-based not polymer. Another design element is a metallic stripe to the left of Kate Sheppard. There is also a latent image on the front in the upper -right hand corner of the note. Sheppard, a woman who pressed for women's suffrage in New Zealand, the first nation to have voting
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Canadian fifty-dollar note


The Canadian $50 note is one of the most common banknotes of the Canadian dollar. It is sometimes dispensed by ATMs, but not as commonly as the $20 note. From the "Frontier" (2011–present) series. The current 50-dollar note is predominantly red in colour and is printed on polymer (plastic), not paper. In addition to being more durable than the cotton-based paper they replaced, the new notes are also more secure. It was introduced into circulation on March 26, 2012 and is
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David Malangi


National Gallery of Australia called "No Ordinary Place". The reproduction of one of his designs appeared on the reverse of the Australian one dollar note in 1966. This was done originally without his knowledge, acknowledged in 1967 with the release of the Australian one dollar note, he was later financially compensated after intervention by the Governor of the Reserve Bank, Dr H. C. Coombs, as well as receiving a specially struck medal. The image depicts the mortuary feast of the ancestral hunter Gurrmirringu. The payment by the Reserve Bank to
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Jordanian dinar


Central Bank of Jordan took over note production. 20 dinar notes were introduced in 1977, followed by 50 dinars in 1999. dinar notes were replaced by coins in 1999. Since October 23, 1995, the dinar has been officially pegged to the IMF's special drawing rights (SDRs). In practice, it is fixed at 1 U.S. dollar = 0.709 dinar most of the time, which translates to approximately 1 dinar = 1.41044 dollars. The Central Bank buys U.S. dollars at 0.708 dinar per dollar, and sells U.S. dollars
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Newfoundland dollar


1 pound. As this rate matched the rate used in Canada at the time, it may be that these notes were not intended for use as Newfoundland dollars. In the 1880s, both the Commercial Bank and the Union Bank of Newfoundland issued notes denominated solely in dollars. Denominations of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 dollars were issued. However, in 1894, both banks crashed. The Department of Public Works introduced government cash notes in 1901 in denominations of 40, 50 and 80 cents, 1 and 5
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Solomon Islands dollar


weights are slightly different and respective denominations are on the opposite sizes. All the coins of Solomon Islands currently bear the portrait of the country's head of state, Elizabeth II, Queen of Solomon Islands. On 24 October 1977 banknotes were introduced in denominations of 2, 5 and 10 dollars, with 20-dollar notes added on 24 October 1980. The first issues of banknotes depicted Queen Elizabeth II. However, all series issued later had the national crest instead. 50-dollar notes were introduced in 1986, followed by 100-dollar notes in 2006
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Trinidad and Tobago dollar


wish to retain the dollar unit owing to its recent changeover from Dutch currency. These factors did not affect Jamaica, Bermuda, or the Bahamas which adopted the sterling currency in both coinage and as the unit of account. In 1898, the Colonial Bank introduced $20 notes. These were followed in 1901 by $5. $100 notes were also issued. The last notes were issued in 1926, after which the Colonial Bank was taken over by Barclays Bank, which issued $5, $20 & $100 notes
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Canadian twenty-dollar note


The Canadian $20 note is one of the most common banknote of the Canadian dollar; it is the main banknote dispensed from Canadian automatic banking machines (ABMs). The newest version, the Frontier Series polymer note, was released to the general public on November 7, 2012, replacing the banknote from the Canadian Journey Series. The present $20 banknote was replaced on November 7, 2012 by a polymer-based note featuring Queen Elizabeth II on the face and the Vimy Ridge memorial on the back. The window displays
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Australian five-dollar note


the first of a new series of banknotes that will feature a different species of Australian wattle and a native bird. The 5-dollar banknote has the Prickly Moses wattle and the Eastern Spinebill. An image of the Federation Pavilion was also added to the new series. The paper design included a watermark of Captain James Cook in the white field. The same watermark was also used in the last issue of pound banknotes. A new feature of the decimal currency was metallic strip embedded within the paper of the note, first near the centre
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Australian ten-dollar note


new $5 note in September 2016, the RBA revealed the design for the $10 note and was issued on the 20th of September, 2017. From 1966–1974 the main title identifying the country was "Commonwealth of Australia"; there were 470,000,000 notes issued in this period. This was subsequently changed to "Australia" until the end of issue of paper currency for this denomination in 1993, with 1,265,959,091 of these notes being printed. In the 1988 polymer issue 17,500,000 banknotes were printed and was the new Australia's 10 dollar
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Canadian one hundred-dollar note


wherein $100 notes are not accepted for use in customer transactions - such a policy is usually not only due to counterfeiting concerns but also theft concerns also to reduce the amount of cash needed to be kept on hand for change. On July 12, 2012, it was reported that under certain conditions, these and the Canadian fifty-dollar note would shrink under intense heat. On August 18, 2012, the Bank of Canada replaced an image of an Asian woman on the back of the notes with that of a European
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Footscray, Victoria


Council in 2003, re-elected in 2005 and then elected Mayor in 2006. Whilst Mayor, Janet had a Mayoral bike instead of a car. The first Vietnamese woman Mayor was Mai Ho, from 1997 to 1998. Mai Ho arrived in Australia in December 1982 with two small daughters and sixteen dollars. By 1997 she was Mayor of Maribyrnong. Twelve months later her daughter, Tan Le, was voted Young Australian of the Year. There are over 130 restaurants in Footscray, including; 30 Vietnamese, 20 Indian,
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Australian one-dollar note


the last issue of pound banknotes. An upright internal metallic strip was first placed near the centre of the note, then from 1976 was moved to the left side as viewed from the obverse. The one-dollar note was replaced by the current gold-coloured coin on 13 May 1984, due to the longer service life and cost effectiveness of coins. These notes can still be redeemed at face value by the Reserve Bank of Australia and most commercial banks, but numismatics and note collectors may pay a higher price for these
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Australian dollar


1788. In the rough early conditions barter was necessary, and payment in commodities like rum sometimes replaced money in transactions. Some of the first official notes used in Australia were Police Fund Notes, issued by the Bank of New South Wales in 1816. After 1901, when the Australian colonies federated into a single Commonwealth, the federal government became responsible for the currency. The Bank Notes Tax Act 1910 effectively brought private and state currencies to an end. In 1913 the first series of Australian notes was issued, based on the
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Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar


two years. The HKMA issues the 10-dollar note and the other three banks issue denominations of 20 (blue), 50 (green), 100 (red), 500 (brown) and 1,000 (gold) dollars. In September 2009, Standard Chartered Bank issued the world's first 150-dollar denomination banknote, at its 150th anniversary. Approximately 750,000 notes were sold at above face value, in various combinations and presentations, as a commemorative charity issue. Although legal tender, the notes are unlikely to enter circulation, due to
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Australian dollar


. The one and two dollar coins are made of aluminium bronze (92 percent copper, 6 per cent aluminium and 2 per cent nickel). The two dollar, one dollar, 50 and 20 cent circulating coins occasionally feature commemorative designs. Australia's coins are produced by the Royal Australian Mint, which is located in the nation's capital, Canberra. Since opening in 1965, the Mint has produced more than 14 billion circulating coins, and has the capacity to produce more than two million coins per day, or more
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Newfoundland dollar


dollars. The 1 cent was struck in bronze, the 5, 10 and 20 cents in silver and the 2 dollars (also denominated as "Two Hundred Cents" and "One Hundred Pence") in gold. Silver 50 cents were introduced in 1870, with the 20 cents replaced by a 25-cent coin in 1917. A smaller 1-cent coin was introduced in 1938. In 1865, one chartered bank, the Commercial Bank of Newfoundland, began issuing notes denominated in pounds and dollars, using a rate of 4 dollars =
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Jamaican dollar


nickel-plated steel 1 dollar coin was introduced, and the 5 cent coin was abandoned. 1995 saw smaller, round copper-plated steel 10 and 25 cent coins. All non-current coins were demonetized in January 1997. A scalloped nickel-plated steel 10 dollar coin replaced the 10 dollar note in 1999 and a bimetallic 20 dollar coin with a nickel-brass ring and copper-nickel center was introduced in place of a 20 dollar banknote in 2000. All nickel-plated or copper-plated steel coins are
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Banknotes of the Australian dollar


with the first banknote issued; the $10 note (pictured above) had problems with the holographic security feature detaching from the note. However, the Reserve Bank saw potential in the issue of plastic banknotes and commenced preparations for an entirely new series made from polymer, commencing with the $5 note in 1992. Today all Australian notes are made of polymer. In April 1995, the design of the $5 note was updated to match the rest of the New Note Series, with additional slight changes in 1996. In
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Canadian twenty-dollar note


new notes, as well as an ink imprint of the coat of arms. Introduced in 2004 and circulated until its replacement in 2012, the Canadian Journey Series 20-dollar note was predominantly green. The face featured a portrait of Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, the Royal Arms of Canada, and a picture of the Centre Block of the Parliament buildings. Security features visible from the face included a holographic stripe along the left side, depicting the number "20" alternated with maple leaves; a watermark of the Queen's portrait
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Arne Treholt


could "only" have been 26,000 or 27,000 USD. Tapes from the trial, that were released in 2014, show that the notes in the suitcase were 50- and 100-dollar notes, and not as the verdict states: 20- and 50-dollar notes. Following a much publicized trial presided over by Astri Rynning, Treholt was convicted for treason and sentenced to 20 years in prison, one year short of the maximum sentence allowed under the Norwegian penal code. The conviction included espionage for the Soviet Union and Iraq, and high treason.
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Catherine Gaskin


life of the Australian convict businesswoman Mary Reibey, whose image has appeared on the Australian $20 note since 1994. Other novels included "A Falcon for a Queen" (1972) and "The Summer of the Spanish Woman" (1977). Gaskin moved to Manhattan for ten years, after marrying a United States citizen. She then moved to the Virgin Islands, then in 1967 to Ireland, where she became an Irish citizen. She also lived on the Isle of Man. Her last novel was "The Charmed
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James Hardy (sailor)


Sir James Gilbert Hardy OBE AASA (born 20 November 1932) is an Australian winemaker and businessman who is also noted for his yachting achievements. A descendant of the South Australian winemaker Thomas Hardy, James Hardy was born at Seacliff, South Australia on 20 November 1932. His father, Tom Mayfield Hardy, who was appointed chairman and managing director of Thomas Hardy and Sons in 1924, was one of those killed near Mount Dandenong on 25 October 1938 in the crash of the plane "Kyeema". Tom Hardy was a noted
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Economy of Australia


survey included 113,263 responses ("59.3 per cent of the almost 191,000 Australian resident graduates who were surveyed responded to the AGS.") The professional associations of some of these occupations expressed their criticism of the immigration policy in 2014. Note: All data in the table above are seasonally adjusted, except for the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory, which are trend data. In 2014–15 mineral extraction in Australia was valued at 212 billion Australian dollars. Of this, Coal represented 45,869 million, oil and natural gas 40,369 million
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Canadian chartered bank notes


dollars. After 1871, the smallest denomination allowed was 4 dollars, which was raised to 5 dollars in 1880. (In Jamaica, notes were issued for £5, $10, £20 and £100.) Until 1935, the chartered banks were the only source of larger denominated notes for circulation in Canada. In 1935, the Bank of Canada began issuing a full range of denominations. Issues by the chartered banks were prohibited after 1944. The following is a list of banks and the periods during which they
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Canadian five-dollar note


The Canadian five-dollar note is the lowest denomination and one of the most common banknotes issued by the Bank of Canada. As with all modern Canadian banknotes, all text is in both English and French (see Official bilingualism in Canada). The current five-Canadian dollar note, part of the Frontier Series, is predominantly blue and was introduced November 7, 2013, using the same technology found in the $20, $50 and $100. The bill features a portrait of Canada's seventh prime minister Sir
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Australian fifty-dollar note


". There is also a depiction of the Raukkan Church, a historical landmark in Raukkan, where Unaipon grew up. The couple standing in front of the church are Polly and Milerum. Milerum was the last initiated member of the local native tribe. He was highly respected and played a huge role in the recording of history of the native people of the Coorong. "(See Australian produced series "Who do you think they are?" on Michael O'Loughlin.)" On the back is a portrait of Edith Cowan
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Banknotes of the Australian dollar


were a similar colour to the notes they replaced, but the $5 (£2/10) did not, and so was introduced after the public had become familiar with decimal currency. Notes issued between 1966 and 1973 bore the title "Commonwealth of Australia". Starting from 1974, the title on the new notes only read "Australia" and the legal tender phrase was also changed from "Legal Tender throughout the Commonwealth of Australia and the territories of the Commonwealth" to "This Australian Note is legal tender throughout Australia and
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United States twenty-dollar bill


The United States twenty-dollar bill ($20) is a denomination of U.S. currency. The seventh U.S. President (1829–1837), Andrew Jackson, has been featured on the front side of the bill since 1928; the White House is featured on the reverse. As of December 2013, the average circulation life of a $20 bill is 7.9 years before it is replaced due to wear. About 11% of all notes printed in 2009 were $20 bills. Twenty-dollar bills are delivered by Federal Reserve Banks
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Australian fifty-dollar note


Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey and scenes of laboratory research. On the back is a portrait of Sir Ian Clunies Ross, veterinary scientist and first chairman of the CSIRO, along with scenes from the Australian environment. On 4 October 1995 a polymer banknote was released. The new note was designed by Brian Sadgrove. A portrait of Indigenous Australian author and inventor David Unaipon appears on the front, along with drawings from one of his inventions, and an extract from the original manuscript of his "Legendary Tales of the Australian Aborigines
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New Zealand twenty-dollar note


This note is different from the fourth series because it was issued in cotton not polymer. In 1999, the material used to make twenty dollar notes was changed to polymer. The basic design of the note remained unchanged, although new anti-counterfeiting measures such as transparent sections of the note were added, and the metallic stripe removed. The 20 has the New Zealand Parliament Buildings on it, which is to the left of Elizabeth II, the portrait was taken in 1986. On the back is the kārearea. The scene
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Kiribati dollar


, local banknotes were issued under the authority of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Government and were locally produced with a primitive and austere design. These notes were valued on parity with sterling and issued in denominations of 1, 2, 5, and 10 shillings and 1 pound. After the wartime emergency had passed these notes were discontinued and gradually phased out. Due to their scarcity, these notes are highly collectable. In 1966, the new Australian dollar became the new official currency of The Gilbert and Ellice islands, replacing the pound
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Kiribati dollar


cents pieces, and $1 being composed of cupro-nickel. As usual for other pacific island states, only the lower denominations (1-20 cents) share any commonality, with the largest denominations being unique to their respective countries. The 50-cents piece is round with reeded edges, unlike the dodecagonal (twelve sided) Australian equivalent. The Kiribati 1 dollar is the same twelve sided shape as Australia's 50 cents coin, but it is smaller and weighs about 4½ grams less than both the Australian and Kiribati half dollars
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Australian five-dollar note


of the note, then from 1976 moved to the left side on the obverse of the note. The polymer issue includes: a shadow image of the Australian coat of arms which is visible under other printing when the note is held up to light; a pointed star with four points on the obverse and three on the reverse that come together under light; a clear window that has a stylised gum flower showing; and raised print and micro printing of the denomination value. Some features of the banknote glow under UV light.
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Canadian one hundred-dollar note


and $5 notes in November 2013. The note's design and change of material to a polymer (plastic) paper was first announced on March 10, 2011, for longevity and counterfeit prevention. On June 20, 2011, Bank of Canada Governor Mark Carney Finance Minister Jim Flaherty unveiled the new $100 notes. The previous 100-dollar note is dominantly brown in colour. It is still largely in circulation. The front features a portrait of Sir Robert Borden, the coat of arms, and a picture of the East Block
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Lindy Chen


, Chinadirect sourcing. As an entrepreneur, she helped a range of Australian local companies building their careers through importing from China. Up to 2011, she helped her clients saved over 5 million dollars in terms of manufacturing and importing costs. According to the local television show, "How to Get That Job",she talked about her ambition: leading her team and becoming one of the best sourcing company around the world. Despite being a successful business woman, Lindy is committed to philanthropy. By fundraising over 100,000 Australian dollars, Lindy Chen
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Namibian dollar


, the Bank of Namibia introduced a new series of banknotes to be issued in May 2012. The new family of banknotes will have the same denomination structure as the current series. All denominations have improved anti-counterfeiting features, and the portrait of Hendrik Witbooi are retained for all but the 10- and 20-dollar notes, which feature a new portrait of Sam Nujoma, the founding president and father of the Namibian nation. The Bank of Namibia has discovered that the diamond-shaped optically variable ink patch on the N$10 and N$20 notes
21468149
Singapore dollar


27 June 2007, to commemorate 40 years of currency agreement with Brunei, a commemorative S$20 note was launched; the back is identical to the Bruneian $20 note launched simultaneously. A circulation version of the $20 note can be exchanged at banks in Singapore beginning 16 July 2007, limited to two pieces per transaction. On 18 August 2015, to commemorate Singapore's 50 years of nation-building, the Monetary Authority of Singapore launched a set of six commemorative notes. These commemorative notes comprise five S$10 polymer notes and a
13717767
Banknotes of the Canadian dollar


Banknotes of the Canadian dollar are the banknotes or bills (in common lexicon) of Canada, denominated in Canadian dollars (CAD, C$, or $ locally). Currently, they are issued in $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100 denominations. All current notes are issued by the Bank of Canada, which released its first series of notes in 1935. The current series of polymer banknotes were introduced into circulation between November 2011 and November 2013. Banknotes issued in Canada can be viewed
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Banknotes of the Canadian dollar


called the Bank of Montreal), issued notes for several decades. Until 1858, many notes were issued denominated in both shillings/pounds and dollars (5 shillings = $1 therefore 1 pound = $4). A large number of different denominations were issued, including $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $10, $20, $25, $40, $50, $100, $500, $750 and $1000. After 1858, only dollar denominations
10608348
Liberty dollar (private currency)


been seen as a means of "embedding" value in them. The Liberty Dollar consisted of both coins and printed notes. Liberty Dollars were backed by a physical commodity—a weight in precious metal. The Liberty Dollar "base value" was created by Bernard von NotHaus. , the base value of the Liberty Dollar was $20 Liberty Dollars to one ounce of silver. At the time the Liberty Dollar operation was closed, one ounce Liberty Dollar gold pieces were denominated $1,000 with a maximum charge of 10% over
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Wise woman of Abel


The wise woman of Abel is an unnamed figure in the Hebrew Bible. She appears in 2 Samuel 20, when Joab pursues the rebel Sheba to the city of Abel-beth-maachah. The woman, who lives in Abel, institutes a parley with Joab, who promises to leave the city if Sheba is handed over to him. The woman speaks to the people of the city, and they behead Sheba, throwing his head over the wall, at which Joab departs. Susan Pigott notes that, like Abigail,
15160470
Banknotes of the Canadian dollar


$20, $50, and $100 notes introduce watermark security features for the first time on Canadian currency since the four-dollar Dominion notes; they also boast significantly expanded holographic security features. Also among the new features are a windowed colour-shifting thread woven into the paper, a see-through number, and enhanced fluorescence under ultraviolet lighting. These features are designed to help Canadians protect themselves by detecting counterfeit notes. All post-2001 series notes also include the EURion constellation, on both sides of the note. The
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