when did age of consent become 16 in uk
Ages of consent in Europe


. Since 2012, the age of consent in the Bailiwick of Guernsey (a Crown Dependency including Alderney, Herm and Sark) is 16, regardless of gender and/or sexual orientation. In 1983, male homosexual acts were decriminalised with the age of consent set at 21 (in line with the UK at that time). In 1999, the age of consent for male homosexual acts was lowered to 18. Then in 2012, the age of consent for male homosexual acts was equalised at 16, regardless of gender and/or sexual orientation
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Ages of consent in Europe


in 1994 when the "Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994" was implemented (as to be in line with England and Wales). The age of consent in 2001 was then lowered to 17 for gay male sexual conduct - so that was in line with heterosexual and lesbian sexual conduct, by the "Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000", Section 1. Then in 2008, the Order mentioned above lowered the age of consent for all individuals to 16 so it was inline with the rest of the UK.
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Peter Tatchell


1980 book "Betrayal of Youth" that questioned whether 16 was the appropriate age of consent, but did not make any specific recommendation for the appropriate age. He wrote in 2012 that he would not have written for the book had he known that the editor and many of the other contributors were involved in paedophile advocacy. In 1996, Tatchell led an OutRage! campaign to reduce the age of consent in the UK to 14 years, to adjust for studies that showed nearly half of all young people had their first sexual experiences
19748516
Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991


, which included the capacity to make a will, but subject to rights to have these reduced by a court in certain circumstances, and sometimes requiring their curators consent. The rules as to when contracts did or did not require consent, and which were potentially reducible by court were complex. The age to enter into marriage was originally the age of minority, but this was raised to 16 years by the Age of Marriage Act 1929, and confirmed in the Marriage (Scotland) Act 1977. Under the Age Legal Capacity Scotland
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Ages of consent in the United States


of consent would remain at 10 until 1918, and even then it was only raised to 14. Even after the 1918 law changes, Georgia still had the lowest age of consent in the country, because all 47 other states had already raised their ages of consent to 16 or 18. The Georgia age of consent remained at 14 until 1995, when a bill proposed by Steve Langford to make 16 the age of consent passed. The age of consent in Hawaii is 16. There is however a close-in-age
21923294
Ages of consent in the United States


CA Penal Code § 288) The age of consent, at the time applying only when the girl is the younger party, was 10 when California introduced its penal code in 1850. In 1889 the age of consent was raised to 14. In 1897 the age of consent became 16. The age of consent in California has been 18 since 1913. Some media sources reported that the age of consent in California in the 1970s was 14 or 16 but in fact it was and has been 18. In the 1990s Governor of
21923264
Age of consent reform in the United Kingdom


Trinity College, Cambridge, and chair of the UK's Sexual Law Reform Society, defended an age of consent of 14 in a lecture at a Methodist Conference. In May 1974, the Campaign for Homosexual Equality suggested a basic age of consent of 16, but that could be as low as 12 "in cases where a defendant could prove the existence of meaningful consent". The "Sexual Law Reform Society" proposed in September of that year lowering the age of consent to 14, with the requirement that below the age
9377209
Ages of consent in the United States


rises to 18 with someone who has a position of authority or trust over the victim. There is no close-in-age exception, crossing the age boundary is "Criminal Sexual Assault". Any sexual contact of minors between the ages of 9 and 16 is "Criminal sexual abuse". When the victim is younger than 9 and the perpetrator 13 to 16, the crime becomes "Aggravated Criminal Sexual Assault"; when the victim is younger than 13 and the perpetrator 17 or older, it becomes "Predatory criminal
21923296
Ages of consent in Europe


. The age of consent in the Isle of Man, a Crown Dependency, is 16, last amended in 2006. Prior to 1992, sodomy was illegal, then under the "Sexual Offences (Isle Of Man) Act 1992" (after assent) the age of consent was set at 21 for sodomy (in line with the UK at that time). Then in 2001, the age of consent for male homosexual acts was lowered to 18 under the "Criminal Justice Act 2001". In 2006, under the
21269055
Ages of consent in North America


satisfy the sexual passion or desire of the accused ... shall be punished ... when the victim has not attained the age of sixteen (16) years at the time of the act. The age of consent in Saint Kitts and Nevis is 16. The age of consent in Saint Lucia is 16. The age of consent in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is 15. The penalty for statutory rape of a girl over 13 but under 15 is five years' imprisonment; under 13 it is life imprisonment. The age of consent
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Ages of consent in the United States


in Maryland is 16. The age of consent in Massachusetts is 16. Section 23 of Chapter 265 of the General Laws of Massachusetts states: Section 35A of Chapter 272 states: However, Chapter 272, Section 4 sets another age of consent at 18 when the "victim" is "of chaste life" and the perpetrator induces them. The age of consent in Michigan is 16 and there is no close-in-age exception, unless one is an authority figure in which case the age of consent is 18.
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Ages of consent in Oceania


Europe#France. It is an offence in the Cook Islands to have sexual intercourse with a girl under the age of 16, (ss146 and 147). If the girl consented and is aged 12 or more, it is a defence if the offender is younger than the girl, or if he is under 21 of age and "had reasonable cause to believe, and did believe" that the girl was aged 16 or older. (These defenses do not apply if consent was obtained fraudulently.) There is no minimum age
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Ages of consent in Europe


sodomy between consenting males was set at 21 (the UK at that time maintained the age of consent of 21 for all homosexual acts between males). In 1995, the sodomy age of consent became 18 (under the Sexual Offences (Jersey) Law 1995). In 2007, the age of consent was lowered to 16, became gender-neutral for all sexual conduct (including sodomy); regardless of sexual orientation or gender. The Vatican requires its laws to operate in accordance with Catholic canon law. Within Vatican City
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Ages of consent in Europe


not have been possible to use the Parliament Act. The Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000, became law in January 2001 throughout the UK, and thus equalized, regardless of gender, the age of consent at 16 for both heterosexual and homosexual acts (including, for the first time, lesbian acts), except those taking place between a 16–17 year old and someone "in a position of trust" (e.g. a teacher), where the age of consent was raised to 18. The Sexual Offences Act 2003 officially
21269043
Age of consent reform in the United Kingdom


The submission was signed by Harriet Harman, who later became leader of the House of Commons and deputy leader of the Labour Party. Harman denies ever supporting the age of consent being lowered to 10. In 2000 a committee of twelve teenage girls, set up to advise the UK government on youth issues, recommended that the age of consent be reduced to 12. The website from which the group was recruited conducted a poll of 42,000 girls between the ages of 12 and 16 on the age of consent; 87% agreed that
9377212
Marriage in New Zealand


the absence of a father or guardian. In 1933, the minimum age of marriage for both men and women was raised to 16 with the consent of a parent or guardian required for those under 21. Following the passing of the Age of Majority Act 1970 those over 20 did not require the consent of a parent or guardian from 1 January 1971. Consent of a parent or guardian was subsequently restricted to those aged 16 or 17 by the Marriage Amendment Act 2005 and from 14 August 2018, the consent of a parent or
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Ages of consent in Europe


anal intercourse between men". When regaining independence from USSR in 1991, the age of consent for male homosexual intercourse was set at 16, whereas the age for heterosexual intercourse was 14. The age of consent was harmonized in 2001 when the law was amended, specifying an age of 14 for sexual intercourse. The age of consent in Finland is 16, as specified by Section 6(1) (Sexual abuse of a child), which reads: "A person who has sexual intercourse with a child younger than sixteen years of
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Ages of consent in Europe


entered into force on 1 February 2014. The age of consent in Russia is 16. The age of consent changed several times in Russian history: the "Criminal Code of RSFSR" (Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic) stated "sexual maturity" as the age of consent; when the "Criminal Code of Russia" was adopted in 1996, the age of consent was proclaimed to be the same regardless of sexual orientation and was set to 16 years old; in 1998 it was lowered to 14 years; and in 2003
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Ages of consent in the United States


14 or more years of age but less than 16 years of age. As per State v. Limon (2005) the previous Kansas age of consent law, which did not apply to homosexuals, was struck down by the Kansas Supreme Court due to 2003's Lawrence v. Texas decision. The age of consent in Kentucky is 18. Consensual sex with persons at least age 16 but not yet 18 is permitted only if the actor is less than 10 years older than the younger party. Kentucky Revised Statutes (KRS) § 510.020
21923307
Child marriage


is under the age of 16 years is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years." The Civil Marriage Act also states: "2.2 No person who is under the age of 16 years may contract marriage." In the UK, marriage is allowed for 16–17 years old with parental consent in England and Wales as well as in Northern Ireland, and even without parental consent in Scotland. However, a marriage of a person under 16 is void under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973
19045565
Ages of consent in the United States


Under certain aggravating circumstances, the crime becomes a Class A felony. The age of consent in Iowa is 16, with a close-in-age exemption for those aged 14 and 15, who may engage in sexual acts with partners less than 4 years older. Section 709.4 states: "A person commits sexual abuse in the third degree when the person performs a sex act under any of the following circumstances ... 2(c) The other person is fourteen or fifteen years of age and any of the following are true ... (
21923304
Legality of incest


to marry on account of their relationship. In addition to whipping, persons convicted of incest face a minimum sentence of 6 years' imprisonment and a maximum sentence of 20 years' imprisonment. It is a defense against the charge if the person did not know the relationship was not permitted or if the sexual intercourse was done without his or her consent. Girls below the age of 16 and boys below the age of 13 are deemed to be incapable of giving consent. (The age of consent for sex in Malaysia is 16
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Ages of consent in Europe


, as specified by the Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008. The reason the age of consent was lowered from 17 to 16 in 2008 with the Order was to bring it in line with the rest of the UK; Criminal Justice Minister Paul Goggins said there was no compelling reason for the age to be different in Northern Ireland than elsewhere. Prior to 2008, the age of consent in Northern Ireland was always 17 for heterosexuals and lesbian sexual conduct. Gay male sexual conduct was illegal in Northern Ireland until 1982,
21269049
Statutory rape


under the Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008. This Act overhauled the sexual offenses laws in Northern Ireland, and fixed the age of consent at 16 in line with the rest of the UK; prior to this Act it was 17. In Scotland, the Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009 also fixes an age of consent of 16, and is also two tiered, treating children under 13 differently than children 13–16. Section 18, "Rape of a young child", applies to children under 13. Before
15432909
Age of consent reform


as "Liberty") published a proposal advocating reducing the age of consent laws to 10 years of age, only when both individuals are younger than 14, with a close-in-age exemption of two years if one of the involved individuals is older than 14 but younger than 16. The report was signed by Harriet Harman, who later went on to become a prominent figure in government and deputy leader of the Labour Party and the focus of media attention due to her affiliations with the NCCL. Russia in 1998 lowered
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Ages of consent in Europe


shall be punishable. Additionally, according to Article 152 (since January 2019) sexual intercouse with a person under the age of 14 (regardless of his/her voluntary consent) is a rape. The law no longer makes reference to the concept of "sexual maturity", which existed in the former legislative framework. The United Kingdom consists of the jurisdictions of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. UK national age of consent legislation does not apply to its dependencies, but they all have it set as 16.
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Bronski Beat


, and was another Top 10 hit for the band in Australia, Switzerland, Germany, France and the Netherlands. At the end of 1984, the trio released an album titled "The Age of Consent". The inner sleeve listed the varying ages of consent for consensual gay sex in different nations around the world. At the time, the age of consent for sexual acts between men in the UK was 21 compared with 16 for heterosexual acts, with several other countries having more liberal laws on gay sex. The album
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Sexual Offences Act 2003


or purpose of relevant act (i.e. fraud) and where the defendant induces the victim to consent by impersonating someone known to the complainant. When this is proven, the law states that it is then conclusively presumed that the defendant did not believe that the complainant consented to the relevant act, and that the complainant did not consent to the relevant act. Section 72 provides differing levels of dual criminality for specified offences according to the UK citizenship status of an offender. For UK nationals, acts outside the UK that would amount to
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Ages of consent in the United States


. The "general" age of consent in Connecticut is 16. This applies in most relationships. However, if any of the following apply, then the age of consent becomes 18: Connecticut recognizes that minors who are at least 13 can consent to sexual activity if (and only if) there is less than a 3-year age difference. For example: However consensual, sexual intercourse within the 3-year age difference by a minor 13 through 17 years old "may", upon a complaint, lead the Connecticut Superior Court to
21923273
Roy Moore


Moore when they were aged 14, 16, and 28. The other six described him pursuing a romantic relationship with them while he was in his 30s and they were as young as 16, but said there had not been any inappropriate sexual contact. Moore denied the sexual assault allegations, but did not dispute that he had approached or dated teenagers over the age of 16 (the age of consent in Alabama). Independent witnesses confirmed that Moore had a reputation for approaching teenage girls, often at a local mall, and
9013601
Ages of consent in Europe


a position of authority or superiority over a person to engage in sexual activity with them, or when it involves the abuse of trust or situation of need or dependence. The penalty is more severe when the subject is below the age of 18. The age of consent in Armenia is 16. "Article 141. Sexual acts with a person under 16." "Sexual intercourse or other sexual acts with a person obviously under 16, by a person who reached 18 years of age, in the absence of elements of crime
21268880
Sex and the law


participants consent to the conduct. While the phrases "age of consent" or "statutory rape" typically do not appear in legal statutes, when used in relation to sexual activity, the age of consent is the minimum age at which a person is considered to be legally competent of consenting to engage in sexual acts. This should not be confused with the age of majority, age of criminal responsibility, or the marriageable age. The age of consent varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The median seems to range from 16 to
15835209
Ages of consent in North America


of consent in each state in the United States was either 16 years of age, 17 years of age, or 18 years of age. The most common age of consent is 16. The age of consent is 18. There is however a close-in-age exemption that allows minors 16 and 17 years old to consent with someone no more than five years older than themselves and minors 13 to 15 years old to consent with one another, but not with anyone 16 or over. Article § 1700. "Aggravated
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OutRage!


petitioned the Danish embassy for an invasion so that the UK could have Denmark's more liberal legislation. Peter Tatchell of Outrage! said in 2000: "All consenting, victimless sexual offences—homosexual and heterosexual—should be abolished, including the criminalisation of consensual adult pornography and sadomasochism. The law on the age of consent should take into account the fact that over 50 percent of young people have their first sexual experience before they are 16. Consenting sex involving partners under 16 should not be prosecuted, providing they are of similar
17190728
Vaccination policy


mothers and infants, enabling vaccination teams in remote areas to operate more effectively, especially with nomadic people. It also helps to coordinate stock levels and order new supplies. In the United Kingdom, the purchase and distribution of vaccines is managed centrally, and recommended vaccines are provided for free by the NHS. In the UK, no laws require vaccination of schoolchildren. Children aged 16 and 17 can consent to immunizations without parental consent. Under the Gillick test, children under 16 can consent to vaccination over parental objections if they demonstrate
5063339
Age of consent reform


1995 and 2001, respectively. As of August 1, 2018, the age of consent in each state in the United States was either 16 years of age, 17 years of age, or 18 years of age. In 2012, Alabama State Representative Mac McCutcheon sponsored a bill to raise the age of consent from 16 to 18. As of August 2018, the age of consent in Alabama remains 16. In 2001, the legislature in Hawaii voted to raise the age of consent from 14 to 16. In June 2005
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Age of consent reform


16. Georgia's age of consent remained at 14 until 1995, when a bill proposed by senator Steve Langford to make the age of consent 16 passed. In 2006, following the infamous case of Genarlow Wilson (Wilson v. State), aggravated child molestation was reduced to a misdemeanor with a maximum of one year in prison if the offender was under 19, the victim was either 14 or 15 years old, and the offender is no more than 48 months older than the victim. (Georgia penal code, 16-
15356695
Age of consent reform


age of consent from 17 to 18. It was sponsored by Representative Stanley Cox. In South Carolina in 2007 a bill was proposed before the legislature to raise the age of consent from 16 to 18. It did not succeed. Prior to 1981 Wisconsin had an exception to the law that allowed adults who were guilty of sex with minors 15 or older to use as a defense that the victim understood the nature of the sexual act, but there was a rebuttable presumption in Wisconsin that minors under the age of 18 were not
15356697
Harriet Harman


or in the bath. In a television interview, Harman said she had "nothing to apologise for," stating "I very much regret that this vile organisation, PIE, ever existed and that it ever had anything to do with NCCL, but it did not affect my work at NCCL." Harman stated that while she did support the equalisation of the age of consent for gay men she had never campaigned for the age of consent to go below the age of 16 and accused the "Daily Mail" of trying
3058695
Ages of consent in South America


. The age of sexual consent in the Falkland Islands is 16, regardless of sexual orientation or gender since 2006. The age of sexual consent is 16, regardless of sexual orientation or gender since 2006. The age of consent in Guyana is 16. The age of consent was raised from 13 to 16 on October 31, 2005, by a unanimous resolution of the Guyanese parliament. While male homosexual 'indecency' and all attempted anal sex carries a 10-year sentence, anal sex itself is punishable with life imprisonment. Female homosexual
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Ages of consent in the United States


fewer than five years older may petition to be removed from the sex offender registry after serving 10 years. Haine stated that he did not want "Romeo and Juliet" offenders to be on the sex offender registry. The age of consent in Indiana is 16. A close-in-age exception allows minors 14–15 years of age to legally consent to sex with a partner who is less than 18 years old. IC 35-42-4-9 states: ""Sexual misconduct with a minor "Sec. 9
21923300
Rape of males


that is a popular motif in modern American culture. The culture makes it more difficult for a male adolescent to even recognize that he is being abused. She explained that "consent" means "being of age, mind, sound body to make an informed decision about whether one would like to become sexually intimate with the other person", while children cannot consent. The most recent UK government statistics estimated about 78,000 people in the UK have become rape or attempted rape victims, and about 9,000 are men. Research suggests
14655359
LGBT rights in Gibraltar


The "Civil Marriage Amendment Act 2016" was passed unanimously in Parliament. The law received royal assent on 1 November and took effect on 15 December 2016. In Gibraltar, the age of consent for all sexual activity regardless of sexuality and/or gender was equalised at 16 in April 2011, when under Supreme Court order the previous law – under which the age of consent for gay males was 18 – was found to be unconstitutional. Heterosexual anal sex was decriminalised at the same time and the age of consent set at 16. Gay
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Ages of consent in Europe


("Ceza Yasası", Art. 153 & 154). Prior to 2014, sodomy was illegal, the age of consent only applied to females and sexual contact with a female between the ages of 13 and 16 was a misdemeanor. As of 2014, the age of consent is set at 16 for both males and females, sexual contact with any child under 16 regardless of gender is a felony and the ban on sodomy is lifted, thereby legalizing homosexual sex. The age of consent in Norway is 16, as
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Ages of consent in North America


In North America, the legal age of consent relating to sexual activity varies by jurisdiction. The age of consent in Canada is 16. As of August 2018, each U.S. state has set its age of consent at either age 16, age 17, or age 18. The age of consent in Mexico is complex. Typically, Mexican states have a "primary" age of consent (which may be as low as 12), and sexual conduct with persons below that age is always illegal. Sexual relations which occur between
21269060
Age of consent reform


the age of consent from 16 to 14, but in 2002 raised the age of consent from 14 back to 16. Since then penalties have also generally increased. Vladimir Putin said that a party advocating lowering the age of consent cannot be legally registered (hence, be a legal party) in Russia. In January 2004, a Division bench of the Kerala's High Court in Southern India suggested that the age of consent should be raised from 16 to 18 in that state. Justice R. Basant said he considered "illogic(al
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OutRage!


the group was antisemitic. Nine members of OutRage! were arrested in November 1993 in the offices of Benetton UK, where they had been organising a protest against the company's advertising. The nine were charged with various public order offences but were eventually acquitted. 1994 saw the issue of gay rights become more prominent in British politics as the House of Commons debated whether to equalise the age of consent for gay sex, then 21, with that for heterosexual sex at 16. OutRage! had organised a series of actions over the
17190726
Sutherland v United Kingdom


to the commission's findings the Applicant and the UK Government, on 13 October 1997, submitted an agreement that a Bill would be proposed to Parliament the summer of 1998 to reduce the age of consent for homosexual acts to 16. They agreed that once the legislation was passed the Government would pay reasonable costs and the parties would apply to the Court for approval of a friendly settlement. The Government brought the "Crime and Disorder Bill" to Parliament in June 1998 which contained a provision to reduce the age of consent for homosexual
17062201
Conflict of marriage laws


marriage itself). For example, in the United Kingdom, the Immigration Rules 1986 were introduced to bar persons under the age of 16 from entering the UK in reliance upon their status as a spouse. Nevertheless, for other purposes, such marriages will be recognized as valid so long as the parties had the relevant capacity under their personal laws and the ceremony was effective under the "lex loci celebrationis" to create a valid marriage. In Western cultures, other than the age of consent, the issue of consent is also
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Ages of consent in Europe


when they were decriminalised by the "Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982", which specified an age of consent of 21 – in line with the rest of the UK at the time. The change was a result of the judgement in the European Court of Human Rights case of "Dudgeon" v "United Kingdom" (1981) in which the ECHR held that a prohibition on homosexual acts was a breach of Article 8 of the Convention. The age of consent for gay male sexual conduct was lowered to 18
21269050
National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality v Minister of Justice


the sodomy laws did not address the inequality in the Sexual Offences Act, which set the age of consent at 16 for heterosexual sex but 19 for homosexual sex. This discrepancy was addressed in 2007 by the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, which reformed and codified the law relating to sexual offences to place it on a gender- and orientation-neutral basis, setting a uniform age of consent at 16. The erstwhile discrepancy was declared to be unconstitutional in 2008, in the case of "Geldenhuys v
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Ages of consent in North America


(6) years. When the victim of this crime is a person under eighteen (18) years of age, it is punishable with the penalty prescribed in the preceding paragraph increased by half (1/2). In Jamaica the age of consent is 16. "Above twelve (12) and under sixteen (16)", Article 50, "Offences Against the Person" " Whosoever shall unlawfully and carnally know and abuse any girl being above the age of twelve (12) years and under the age of sixteen
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Victoria Gillick


Victoria D. M. Gillick ("née" Gudgeon; born 1946, Hendon) is a British activist and campaigner best known for the eponymous 1985 UK House of Lords ruling that considered whether contraception could be prescribed to under-16s without parental consent or knowledge. The ruling established the term "Gillick competence" to describe whether a minor (below the age of 16) is able to consent to his or her own medical treatment, without the need for parental permission or knowledge. A Roman Catholic mother of 10 children (five sons,
7185719
Child marriage in the United States


which since 2018 have banned underage marriages with no exceptions. American Samoa also does not allow underage marriages. From 2016-2019, 13 states raised their minimum marriage age for minors, or added a minimum age when they previously did not have one. In many cases, minors in the US may be married when they are under the age of sexual consent in their state (which ranges from 16 to 18). In some states minors cannot legally divorce, leave their spouse, or enter a shelter to escape abuse
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Ages of consent in Africa


codified the law on sexual offences and made it gender-neutral. The common-law presumption relating to girls under 12 was replaced by a general presumption that children under 12 cannot consent. The act also fixed the age of consent at 16 for all sexual acts. In the 2008 case of "Geldenhuys v National Director of Public Prosecutions", the Constitutional Court held that the former difference in the ages of consent had been unconstitutional. The age of consent in South Sudan is 18. Age of sexual consent is 16
21417473
LGBT rights in the United Kingdom


"Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000". The provisions of the Act came into force throughout the UK on 8 January 2001, lowering the age of consent to 16. This Act also introduced, for the first time, an age of consent for lesbian sexual acts, as previously there had been no legislation concerning this. On 1 May 2004, the "Sexual Offences Act 2003" entered into force, which swept away all of the previous sex-specific legislation, including the 1967 Act, and introduced instead neutral
4863760
Ages of consent in Asia


age of consent might change in the future to age nine for females and 15 for males. However, some reporters believe that the draft suggests that there will not be an age of consent. According to the Israeli Penal Code of 1977 the age of consent in Israel is 16 regardless of gender or sexual orientation, for any form of sexual relations involving penetration (unless the person above 16 is the one being penetrated - in that case the age of consent is 14). In all cases that don't involve penetration,
21268801
Ages of consent in Africa


facilitates debauchery or corruption of persons of either sex below age 18. The wording of this article requires multiple acts for a crime to have taken place. Punishments for other offenses (assault, rape, etc) are aggravated if the victim is younger than 15. Gabon penal code (French text) The age of consent is 18. The age of consent is 16. The age of consent is 16 Article 272 of the penal code states that any indecent act committed without violence against a child of either sex under age 16
21417446
Ages of consent in South America


given. Below the age of 12 proof of consent is not a defense. Uruguay also has a "Corruption of minors" law, which can bring charges to those manipulating minors below the age of 18 into having sexual relations -. For ages over 15, however, a lawsuit can be initiated only by a minor or the minor's parents, except when the minor has no parents or legal guardian; or where the accusation is brought against a parent or legal guardian. The age of consent in Suriname is 16 (
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Ages of consent in the United States


age of 16. The age of consent in Guam is 16. § 25.25. Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct. (a) A person is guilty of criminal sexual conduct in the third degree if the person engages in sexual penetration with another person and if any of the following circumstances exists: (1) that other person is at least fourteen (14) years of age and under sixteen (16) years of age The age of consent in the Northern Mariana Islands is 16, according to Sections 1306–1309 of the Commonwealth
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Ages of consent in the United States


In the United States, age of consent laws regarding sexual activity are made at the state level. There are several federal statutes related to protecting minors from sexual predators, but laws regarding specific age requirements for sexual consent are left to individual states, District of Columbia, and territories. Depending on the jurisdiction, the legal age of consent ranges from age 16 to age 18. In some places, civil and criminal laws within the same state conflict with each other. While the general age of consent is now set between 16
21923232
Ages of consent in Europe


"Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2006" the age of consent was lowered to 16, and became gender-neutral for all sexual conduct, regardless of sexual orientation or gender. The age of consent in the Bailiwick of Jersey, a Crown Dependency, is 16, last amended in 2007. Prior to 1990, sodomy was illegal in Jersey for both men and women until 1990 although the age of consent for homosexual acts other than sodomy was the same as for heterosexual acts. In 1990, the age of consent for
21269056
Ages of consent in Africa


, many acts surrounding the age of consent could be considered illegal. The age of consent in Mauritius is 16 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. "Article 249" 'Rape, attempt upon chastity and illegal sexual intercourse' of the Penal Code: (...) Any person who has sexual intercourse with a female "'under the age of sixteen (16)", "even with consent", shall be liable to penal servitude not exceeding ten (10) years. The age of consent is Madeira 14 years
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Ages of consent in Europe


anal intercourse, 16 for other male homosexual acts, and 14 for lesbian and heterosexual acts. In 2004, the law was amended to equalise the age of consent at 14 for all sexual acts; the age of consent was raised to 16 in 2010, regardless of gender and sexual orientation. The age of consent in Luxembourg is 16, as specified by the Luxembourgish Penal Code, Article 372, which reads: "All indecent assaults on modesty committed without violence or threat, by a person or by aiding the person,
21268944
Geldenhuys v National Director of Public Prosecutions


between men, based on the prohibition of discrimination and the right to privacy. That case did not address the unequal age of consent, although in his judgment Justice Ackermann took note of it without commenting on its constitutionality. In 2007 Parliament enacted the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, which codified and reformed the law on sexual offences. It repealed section 14 of the Sexual Offences Act, and fixed a uniform age of consent of 16. This reform did not, however, have retrospective effect.
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Ages of consent in Asia


of consent in Sri Lanka is 16 regardless of gender or sexual orientation. However, girls belonging to Sri Lanka's Moor and Malay minorities representing approximately 10% of the national population are allowed to marry after 12 years of age and below the age of 12 with the approval of the religious leader, Moulavi and either father, brother, uncle, grandfather. (e) with or without her consent when she is under sixteen years of age, unless the woman is his wife who is over twelve years of age and is
21268817
Ages of consent in Africa


age (whereas it previously applied to anyone aged 15-20). Consent does not appear to be a defense; the punishment is simply reduced if the minor is at least 16 years of age. Article 230 criminalizes sodomy. Draft of law (Arabic) Discussion of Violence against Women law The age of consent in Uganda is 18 years, for vaginal intercourse. "Heterosexual sodomy" (anal and/or oral sex with an opposite-sex partner) and all same-sex sexual conduct was illegal until January 2014 when President
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Ages of consent in Europe


Italian Criminal Code (in Italian). See also more related articles from Interpol. The age of consent in Kazakhstan is 16, according to article 122 of the Crime Criminal Code. "Article 122. Sexual Intercourse and Other Actions of a Sexual Character with a Person Under Sixteen Years of Age Sexual intercourse, sodomy, or lesbianism or other acts of sexual nature, with a person who did not reach sixteen years of age, the guilty party being aware of that fact, shall be punished by restriction of freedom for a
21268936
Roast Busters scandal


the group have since claimed the boasts are exaggerated and the group did not specifically target under-age girls. Friends of the group also claimed the behaviour of the young men was nothing more than normal teen antics. Despite official police complaints having been laid as early as 2011, several friends of the group have claimed that other girls did indeed give consent: in New Zealand it is an offence to have sexual contact with a person under the age of 16, and one alleged victim was 13 years old when she made an
13259832
Age of consent reform


10 years while 10 states kept an age of consent at 12, and Delaware maintained its age of consent at seven years, having lowered it from 10 in 1871. In the late-19th century, a "social purity movement" composed of Christian feminist reform groups began advocating a raise in the age of consent to 16, with the goal of raising it ultimately to 18, and by 1920 almost all states had raised their age of consent to 16 or 18. Philip Jenkins said in the mid-1970s, there was widespread sympathy among
15356691
Age of consent reform


Against the Persons Act raised it to 13 in Great Britain and Ireland. The Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1885 raised it to 16. In 1917 a bill raising the age of consent in Great Britain and Ireland from 16 to 17 was defeated by only one vote. In Northern Ireland in 1950 the legislature of Northern Ireland passed a law called Children and Young Persons Act in 1950 that raised the age of consent from 16 to 17. The male homosexual age of consent in the United Kingdom was set at 21 in the Sexual
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Ages of consent in Europe


age of consent was higher at 18 for gay men, 16 for lesbians and heterosexuals. Anal sex was illegal for heterosexuals regardless. An equal age of consent set at 16 and legalising heterosexual anal sex happened because of a Supreme Court decision in 2011. Then in 2011, the gender-neutral "Crimes Act 2011" implemented an equal and gender-neutral age of consent of 16 and legalised anal sex for heterosexuals - reflecting the Supreme Court of Gibraltar's decision and by repealing and updating 140-year-old criminal laws of Gibraltar
21269053
Ages of consent in Africa


Article 178 establishes the age of consent for homosexual sex to be 16. São Tomé and Pricipe Penal Code (Portuguese) The age of consent in Senegal is 16 ("Article 320" deals with children under 16; "Article 319" deals with children under 13). Homosexual sex is illegal. The age of consent is 15 regardless of gender. Homosexual acts may be illegal under article 151 of the penal code (Unnatural Offences). The legislation reads as follows: CHAPTER XV - Offences Against Morality Sexual assault 130
21417461
Age of consent reform


capable of informed consent to sex, but as stated, this could be argued against by the defendant in the court of law if the minor was 15 years of age or older. In 1981 the age of consent was lowered from 18 to 16 in Wisconsin, but at the same time it was made an automatic felony to have sex with anyone under 16, informed consent for a 15-year-old was no longer a defense an adult defendant could use in court. In 1983 the age of consent in Wisconsin was raised from
15356698
Marriageable age


consent (see Marriage in Canada). In many jurisdictions, by marriage minors become legally emancipated. The marriageable age "as a right" is 18 in all European countries, with the exception of Andorra and Scotland where it is 16 (for both sexes). Existing "exceptions" to this general rule (usually requiring special judicial or parental consent) are discussed below. In both the European Union and the Council of Europe the marriageable age falls within the jurisdiction of individual member states. The Istanbul convention, the first
1909975
Child marriage


second babies to teen mothers. Laws regarding child marriage vary in the different states of the United States. Generally, children 16 and over may marry with parental consent, with the age of 18 being the minimum in all but two states to marry without parental consent. However all states but Delaware and New Jersey have exceptions for child marriage within their laws, and although those under 16 generally require a court order in addition to parental consent, when those exceptions are taken into account, 17 states have no minimum age requirement.
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Ages of consent in the United States


deems a person unable to consent if he or she is less than 16 years old, or if he or she is age 16 or 17 and the other party is at least 10 years older. (Prior to July 2018, consensual sex with a person at least age 16 was permissible regardless of the age difference.) In addition to the basic law regarding consent, KRS has additional consent laws covering a variety of other situations: However, KRS § 510.120(2) provides a defense to prosecutions under § 510.120(1)(b) (where
21923308
Ages of consent in Oceania


sane or not under the age of 16 years as the case may be." The age of consent in Niue is 15. This is established by article 164 of the penal code. Anal sex (buggery) is illegal. Niue Act 1966 The Okinotori Islands are administratively under the government of Tokyo. See Age of Consent in Japan. The age of consent in Palau is 17. There is a close in age exemption allowing 15 and 16 year-olds to have sex with partners less than 5 years older. Article
21268859
Ages of consent in North America


is not strictly vaginal intercourse. In Antigua and Barbuda, the age of consent is 16. "The Sexual Offences Act of 1995" raised the age of consent from 14 to 16 years of age. 6. (1) Where a male person has sexual intercourse with a female person who is not his wife "with her consent" and who has attained the age of fourteen years but has not yet attained the age of sixteen years, he is guilty of an offence, and is liable on conviction to imprisonment for
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Ages of consent in the United States


of consent in each state in the United States is either 16 years of age, 17 years of age, or 18 years of age. The most common age of consent is 16, which is a common age of consent in most other Western countries. These state laws are discussed in detail below. Most of these state laws refer to statutory rape using names other than "statutory rape" in particular. Such laws may refer to: "carnal knowledge of a minor", "child molestation", "corruption of
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Ages of consent in North America


illegal in 1886, and amended in 1887 to apply to females under 21. After the raising of the age of consent to 14, the laws against "seducing" minor girls were amended to apply to those older than 14, and various laws of this kind have remained in force through the 20th century. The age of consent was raised from 14 to 16 in the spring of 2008, when the "Tackling Violent Crime Act" became effective. The new measures still allow for close-in-age exceptions between 12
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Ages of consent in Europe


acts. In 1999, the age of consent was harmonized at 16 for all sexual acts. According to the Åland Treaty, Finnish federal law is applied as the minimum standard. The age of consent is therefore 16. The age of consent in France is 15, as specified by Article 227-25 of the Penal Code, which reads: "The fact of the commission without violence, constraint, threat or surprise of a sexual offence by an adult on the person of a minor under fifteen years of age is punished
21268909
Ages of consent in Africa


of Cameroon penal code and corruption of minors law (includes link to English version of code) The age of consent in Cape Verde is 14 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender, with partial protections for those under age 16. Sexual relations with a child under age 14 are considered a public crime and invoke mandatory reporting from anyone who becomes aware of the crime. Article 144 of the penal code makes it illegal to engage in sexual acts with persons younger than 14. Article 145 makes it illegal to engage in sexual acts with
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Ages of consent in Europe


the Act is to transpose the Council of Europe Convention on prevention and combating of violence against women and domestic violence, and it also includes amendments that lowered the age of consent to 16. The age of consent in Moldova is 16, per Article 174- "Sexual intercourse with a person under 16", and Article 175- "Perverted Actions". Article 174. Sexual Intercourse with a Person under the Age of 16 (1) Sexual intercourse other than rape as well as any other acts of vaginal or anal penetration committed with
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Ages of consent in Oceania


engage in any sexual activity, or minors aged 13–15 to engage in sexual activity with persons older than them by three years or more. The age of consent rises to 18 when the older partner - being age 18 or older - is the parent, stepparent, adopted parent, or legal guardian of the younger person, or when the older partner has or occupies a position of authority over the younger person. This does not apply for minors aged 16 or 17 as long as the older partner is "less than three years
21268869
Civil Partnership Act 2004


reconsideration. The Lords decided to accept the Commons version on 17 November and the Bill received Royal Assent the next day. In order to form a civil partnership in the UK, both parties must be over the age of 16, of the same sex, not already in a civil partnership or marriage, and not be within the prohibited degrees of relationship. If of the age of 16 or 17, the consent of the individual's parent or guardian will be required, except in Scotland, where marriages and civil partnerships can
17024461
Ages of consent in Europe


the law was amended to clarify the situation and confirm that the age of consent was 16 for all acts (only a person aged 18 or older can be punished for having sex with a 14–15 year old). The age of consent in Liechtenstein is 14. Sexual activity with 14–15 year olds is generally legal, but it can still be punished if sexual access to these children has been obtained by exploiting their lack of sexual self-determination. The age of consent in Lithuania is 16, as specified by the Lithuanian Criminal
21268941
Mark Foley scandal


of majority is either 18 years of age or higher. However, age of consent for sex is almost always lower than the overall age of majority, and varies by state (it is 16 in the District of Columbia and 16–17 in more than 40 other states). The e-mail that first came to light was sent to a 16 year-old former page in Louisiana, where the age of consent is 17. However, the age of consent is relevant only in cases where there has been physical, sexual
18461131
LGBT rights in Australia


Australia where it is 17. The age of consent was equalised in 2002 by Western Australia and in 2003 by New South Wales and the Northern Territory. The last state to equalise its age of consent was Queensland in 2016, when it brought the age of consent for anal intercourse into line with vaginal intercourse and oral sex from 18 to 16 years of age. All Australian jurisdictions have passed legislation that allows men charged or convicted under historical anti-homosexuality laws to apply for expungement, which clears the charge or conviction from their
4468846
Age of consent reform


, a bill was proposed before the General Assembly of Georgia (USA) to raise the age of consent from 16 to 18. The bill failed, however. Georgia was the most notoriously resistant state to raising its age of consent in the early 1900s. Georgia's age of consent was 10 until 1918, and even then the age of consent was only raised to 14. Even after raising the age of consent in 1918, Georgia was still the only state in the United States to have an age of consent lower than
15356694
Ages of consent in the United States


exemption, which allows those aged 14 and 15 to consent to sex with those less than five years older. Previously the age of consent was 14, the lowest in the United States. Avery Chumbley, a member of the Hawaiian Senate, had made efforts to raise the age of consent. The age of consent was changed to 16 by Act 1, House Bill 236, passed by the Legislature of Hawaii in 2001. The age of consent in Idaho is 18. The age of consent in Illinois is 17, and
21923295
Ages of consent in South America


altered from 14 in 2009.) Although the legal age of sexual consent is 16 years old, it is not enforced effectively. The marriage law sets the age of marital consent at 15 years old for girls and 17 years old for boys, provided that parents of the parties agree to the marriage. Parental permission to marry is required up to the age of 21. The law also mandates the presence of a civil registry official to register all marriages. See also: The age of consent in Venezuela stands at 16,
14276001
Ages of consent in Oceania


age of consent was changed to 16 by Act 1, House Bill 236, passed by the Legislature of Hawaii in 2001. It is an offence in American Samoa to engage in sexual acts with a person under the age of 16. The age of consent in Guam is 16. § 25.25. Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct. (a) A person is guilty of criminal sexual conduct in the third degree if the person engages in sexual penetration with another person and if any of the following circumstances exists: (1)
21268867
John Rees-Evans


and pledged to make politics more transparent and open if elected UKIP leader. Rees-Evans differed radically from the other candidates, advocating the introduction of direct democracy first within UKIP and then seeking to use it with intention to cause massive reform of the entire UK political system. He also supported capital punishment for child killers and sexual abusers of children, but only if the victims were "pre-pubescent" and looked under the age of 18 (the age of consent in the UK is 16 years), saying that 13-year
20378536
Ages of consent in Europe


May 1998, the House of Representatives voted 36 to 8 in favour legalising homosexual acts. However it was set at 18 while heterosexual acts remained at 16. In 2002, under pressure from the EU the parliament finally ended the disparate provisions and changed the age of consent to 17 for both heterosexual and homosexual acts, under the revised "Criminal Code". For both of these Sovereign Base Areas (British military enclaves) on the island of Cyprus, the age of consent is 16. The age of consent in the Czech
21268894
Ages of consent in Oceania


it is unlawful to have carnal knowledge of a girl under the age of 16. If the victim is aged 12 or more, it is a defence if the defendant "believed, on reasonable grounds" that the girl was aged 16 or older. It is a crime for any person to indecently deal with a boy under the age of 14 (section 211), and boys under the age of 17 are not deemed able to consent to acts by another male that, but for their consent, would be indecent assaults
21268861
Ages of consent in North America


seven years and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction for the offence, a term of imprisonment of fourteen years. In Barbados the age of consent is 16. Section 5, part I "Sexual intercourse with person between 14 and 16" of the Sexual Offences Act 1992 (1) Where a person has sexual intercourse with another "with the other's consent" and that other person has attained the age of 14 but has not yet attained the age of 16 that person is guilty of an offence and
21269071
Age of consent reform in Canada


Age of consent law in Canada refers to cultural and legal discussions in Canada regarding the age of consent, which was raised from 14 to 16 in May 2008 as part of the Tackling Violent Crime Act. This applies to all forms of sexual activity. In June 2006, the Canadian government proposed a bill to raise the age of consent from 14 to 16, while creating a close-in-age exemption for sex between 14–15 year olds and partners less than 5 years older, and keeping an existing close-in-
3136133
Age of Consent (film)


, paired with "A Matter of Life and Death". The restored version is available on DVD in the UK, released by Sony Pictures, rated 12 by the BBFC and has the original score. It was also shown on TV. It premiered on Film Four in the UK in December 2012. Umbrella Entertainment released a DVD of the restored version in Australia in July 2012 with special features including Martin Scorsese on "Age of Consent", audio commentary with historian Kent Jones, the making of "Age of Consent"
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Ages of consent in the United States


be convicted of a violation of the provisions of this subsection if the person is eighteen years of age or less when the person engages in consensual lewd or lascivious conduct with another person who is at least fourteen years of age. The age of consent in South Dakota is 16 and there is no close-in-age exemption, although if the perpetrator is within three years of age of the victim or is under 18 the penalties are reduced. 22-22-1. Rape defined—Degrees—Felony. Rape is
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