who did we acquire the oregon territory from
Racism in Oregon


There has been a history of racism in the U.S. state of Oregon. In 1857, the Oregon Territory proposed a state constitution banning black people from entering, residing, or acquiring property. In 1859 Oregon became the only state to enter the Union with such an exclusion clause. In the 1920s, Oregon had the largest Ku Klux Klan (KKK) membership per capita in the United States. KKK member Walter M. Pierce was elected governor in 1922. Oregon did not ratify the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which
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LGBT rights in Washington (state)


marriage, and LGBT rights more broadly. Several Native American tribes in modern-day Washington recognize individuals who act, behave and live as the opposite gender, now referred to as "two-spirit". Among the Quileute people, such individuals are known as "yah'wa". After being created from the northern portion of the Oregon Territory in 1853, the newly-created Washington Territory adopted all its laws from Oregon. At the time, the Oregon Territory did not criminalize sodomy (it did, however, enact a
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Oregon Graduate Center


PSU). The Portland interests were competing with the University of Oregon (U of O) in Eugene and Oregon State University (OSU) in Corvallis for research funding. Tektronix ("Tek"), the largest private employer in Oregon from the 1960s through the 1980s, was quoted, "...the creation of a graduate center 'an absolute necessity' for its operations because 'we find it extremely difficult to attract competent people to our plant, and we find those who have acquired with us a degree of scientific
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History of Montana


Dakota territories and had been acquired by the United States in the Louisiana Purchase. The territory also included land west of the continental divide, which had been acquired by the United States in the Oregon Treaty, and originally included in the Oregon Territory. (The part of the Oregon Territory that became part of Montana had been split off as part of the Washington Territory.) The boundary between the Washington Territory and Dakota Territory was the Continental Divide (as shown on the 1861 map); however, the boundary between the Idaho
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Exploration of North America


and Clark were the first Americans to venture into the newly acquired territory of the Louisiana Purchase, at the order of President Thomas Jefferson. They discovered many new geographical features, Indian tribes, and animal and plant species. John Colter was a member of the expedition who subsequently became a guide for others in the 'Old West,' and did some explorations of his own. John C. Frémont led many important explorations in the Great Plains, Great Basin, Oregon territory, and Mexican Alta California. Joseph Reddeford Walker was one
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Montana Territory


the Louisiana Purchase. The territory also included a portion of the Idaho Territory west of the continental divide and east of the Bitterroot Range, which had been acquired by the United States in the Oregon Treaty, and originally included in the Oregon Territory. The part of the Oregon Territory that became part of Montana had been split off as part of the Washington Territory. The boundary between the Washington Territory and Dakota Territory was the Continental Divide (as shown on the 1861 map); however, the boundary between the Idaho Territory and
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Oregon State Defense Force


in order to reattain compliance with the law. As of late 2017 the Oregon State Defense Force has been renamed under Oregon state law as the Oregon Civil Defense Force. Although Oregon militia units did not directly serve in the Civil War, they were called up to replace the federal soldiers who were called away from protecting the frontier and redeployed to fight against the Confederate Army. In 1866, the state militia was disbanded as federal soldiers were once again deployed in the Oregon territory. However, almost immediately after their disbanding, they
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John C. Calhoun


. A major crisis emerged from the persistent Oregon boundary dispute between Great Britain and the United States, due to an increasing number of American migrants. The territory included most of present-day British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. American expansionists used the slogan "54–40 or fight" in reference to the Northern boundary coordinates of the Oregon territory. The parties compromised, ending the war threat, by splitting the area down the middle at the 49th parallel, with the British acquiring British Columbia and the Americans accepting Washington
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Oregon


region after the law was passed were forced to leave, and those who did not comply were arrested and beaten. They received no less than twenty and no more than thirty-nine stripes across their bare back. If they still did not leave, this process could be repeated every six months. Slavery played a major part in Oregon's history and even influenced its path to statehood. The territory's request for statehood was delayed several times, as members of Congress argued among themselves whether the territory should be admitted as a
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Columbia Lancaster


. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Delegate to the Thirty-first Congress from Oregon before the separation of the Territories of Washington and Oregon. Lancaster served as member of the Oregon Territorial Council (Senate) from 1850 to 1852. During the tumultuous 1851-52 session of the Oregon Territorial Legislature Lancaster gave his allegiance to a rump group consisting of four members of the House who refused to participate with the Democratic Party majority in session at Salem. Lancaster was the sole member of the Council who attempted to establish this minority faction
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Anson Dart


Anson Dart (1797 – 1879) was the Superintendent for Indian Affairs in the Oregon Territory from 1850 to 1852. Dart negotiated treaties with the tribes in the territory (now the states of Oregon and Washington), thirteen of which were negotiated August 5–9, 1851, at Tansy Point located in Warrenton, Oregon. Dart's orders were to remove the western Oregon tribes to the east of the Cascade Range. This plan did not succeed as tribes refused to sign these treaties. Dart finally settled on tribal reservations west of the
13938937
James K. Polk (song)


of slavery in the United States, he did not advocate for its abolition entirely. Secondly, the song says that Polk "made the English sell the Oregon Territory" during his presidency. In fact, the US had claimed part of what was then called Oregon Country prior to Polk's administration. Polk did sign the Oregon Treaty with the United Kingdom in 1846, which delineated American and British claims in the Pacific Northwest. Only after this treaty was the Oregon Territory established. Although "Factory Showroom" received a lukewarm response
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Washington in the American Civil War


the 1st Washington Territory Infantry Regiment. In the end only two companies of the Regiment were raised in Washington Territory, and one of these (Company F) was recruited largely from residents of Oregon. Company K, which was mustered in at Fort Steilacoom was the only Company raised only from men from Washington Territory. East of the Cascades troops could not be raised from the men involved in the frenzy of the Idaho gold rush then beginning. The Volunteer soldiers who served in Washington did not fight against the Confederacy, but instead
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Nootka Crisis


the Pacific. Spanish rights in the Pacific Northwest were later acquired by the United States via the Adams-Onís Treaty, signed in 1819. The United States argued that it acquired exclusive sovereignty from Spain, which became a key part of the American position during the Oregon boundary dispute. In countering the US claim of exclusive sovereignty the British cited the Nootka Conventions. This dispute was not resolved until the signing of the Oregon Treaty in 1846, dividing the disputed territory, and establishing what later became the current international boundary between Canada
1022851
Santa Cruz de Nuca


acquired by the United States via the Adams–Onís Treaty, signed in 1819. The United States argued that it acquired exclusive sovereignty from Spain, which became a key part of the American position during the Oregon boundary dispute. In countering the US claim of exclusive sovereignty the British cited the Nootka Conventions. This dispute was not resolved until the signing of the Oregon Treaty in 1846, dividing the disputed territory, and establishing what later became the current international boundary between Canada and the United States. The first Nootka Convention averted the
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Oregon Republican Party


The Republicans did not nominate a candidate for Representative to Congress in the June 1857 election, instead pooling their support for G.W. Lawson, a Free Soil Democrat who was running as an independent. While pro-slavery Democrat Joseph Lane was ultimately returned as the Territorial delegate to Congress, voting further down the ticket showed a Republican advance, with Republicans joining with so-called "soft" (free state) Democrats to elect about a third of the delegates to the constitutional convention and 10 of the 30 members to the Oregon Territorial
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Pacific Northwest


costs, and joined the Dominion of Canada in 1871. The U.S. portion became the Oregon Territory in 1848. It was later subdivided into Oregon Territory and Washington Territory. These territories became the states of Oregon, Idaho, Washington and parts of other Western states. American expansionist pressure on British Columbia persisted after the colony became a province of Canada, even though Americans living in the province did not harbor annexationist inclinations. The Fenian Brotherhood openly organized and drilled in Washington, particularly in the 1870s and the 1880s, though no cross
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Oregon Territorial Legislature


Oregon Country. The legislature had two chambers: the larger, lower House of Representatives, and the upper chamber Council. The Council consisted of nine members, apportioned among the territory's counties. The House had about twice as many members, also apportioned by counties. As the population increased and counties added, the number of legislators in the House was expanded. Though the Oregon Territory was created in August 1848, the territorial government did not arrive and assume power until Joseph Lane arrived on March 2, 1849. The first
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Sam Houston


prosecution of the war, but differences between the two men emerged in 1847. After two years of fighting, the United States defeated Mexico and, through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, acquired the Mexican Cession. Mexico also agreed to recognize the Rio Grande River as the border between Mexico and Texas. After the war, disputes over the extension of slavery into the territories raised sectional tensions. Unlike most of his Southern colleagues, Houston voted for the Oregon Bill of 1848, which organized Oregon Territory as a free territory. Defending
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James K. Polk


the treaty. Polk declared the treaty in effect as of July 4, 1848, thus ending the war. With the acquisition of California, Polk had accomplished all four of his major presidential goals. With the exception of the territory acquired by the 1853 Gadsden Purchase, the territorial acquisitions under Polk established the modern borders of the Contiguous United States. Polk had been anxious to establish a territorial government for Oregon once the treaty was effective in 1846, but the matter became embroiled in the arguments over slavery, though few thought Oregon
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Idaho in the American Civil War


Sidney Edgerton traveled quickly to see President Abraham Lincoln about the situation; this was one reason to split the Montana Territory from the Idaho Territory. The split also resulted in most of Idaho Territory's land consisting of modern-day Wyoming being reassigned to the Dakota Territory. Volunteer soldiers who served in Idaho did not fight against the Confederacy, but instead monitored traffic along the Oregon Trail and protected communications routes between the western and eastern United States. Fort Boise, at the site of the city of Boise was founded on July 3
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Columbia River and Oregon Central Railroad


The Columbia River and Oregon Central Railroad built a branch of the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company (OR&N) from that company's main line at Arlington (on the Columbia River) south to Condon, Oregon, United States. The company was incorporated on August 22, 1903, and finished construction in 1905. A predecessor, Oregon Southern Railway, made surveys and acquired right-of-way, but did not begin construction. Always operated by the OR&N, the property of the Columbia River and Oregon Central Railroad, along
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Nathaniel Ford


Nathaniel Ford (c. 1795 – January 9, 1870) was an American politician and Oregon pioneer during the time of the Oregon Territory. A native of Missouri, he worked as a sheriff in that state before moving to the Oregon Country where he was selected as judge in the Provisional Government of Oregon and served in the Oregon Territorial Legislature. Ford also lost a civil case that freed his slaves who he had brought across the Oregon Trail from Missouri. Nathaniel "Nat" Ford grew up in Missouri. Born around 1795,
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Sons and Daughters of Oregon Pioneers


The Sons and Daughters of Oregon Pioneers (SDOP) is a nonprofit pioneer heritage association located in Portland, Oregon, United States. The SDOP was organized and incorporated on June 13, 1901 by the children of the elderly members of the Oregon Pioneer Association to memorialize the pioneers who arrived and settled in the early Oregon Country, Oregon Territory or Washington Territories prior to Oregon attaining statehood on February 14, 1859. The mission of the SDOP is to assist the descendants of the Oregon pioneers and interested historians in memorializing those who founded
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Catherine Amanda Coburn


Catherine Amanda Coburn (November 30, 1839 – May 27, 1913) was an American pioneer of the Oregon Territory who, entering the workforce after the untimely death of her husband, became a teacher and school principal and, subsequently, a renowned newspaper editor. A century after her birth, she and her elder sister were described by an Oregon historian as "probably Oregon's two greatest women journalists." She was active in civic life, especially in her later years; though she did not identify as a "suffragette
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SS California (1848)


of Panama. The SS "California" was built as the first steamship specified in a mail contract of about $199,000 set up by Congress in 1847 to establish mail, passenger and freight service to the newly acquired territories of Oregon and California. These subsidies were for three steamships of about 1,000 tons to regularly (roughly every three weeks) steam from Oregon and California to and from Panama City, the Pacific terminus of the trans-Isthmus trail across the Isthmus of Panama. The contract for the ship was given to William
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Point Roberts, Washington


expedition. The two parties made contact and agreed to share information and work together in mapping the Strait of Georgia. Point Roberts acquired its present name from Vancouver, who named it after his friend Henry Roberts, who had originally been given command of the expedition. Point Roberts assumed its present political status in 1846, when the Oregon Treaty extended the 49th parallel as the boundary between U.S. and British territory from the Rocky Mountains to Georgia Strait. After years of joint occupation of the disputed area between Mexican California and Russian America known
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2018–19 Washington Wizards season


and Ramon Sessions. Unlike in the previous two years, the Wizards did not trade away their picks in the 2018 NBA draft. Instead, they used the draft to acquire two additional players: Troy Brown Jr., a Freshman from Oregon who traditionally played at Small Forward, was acquired with the Wizards' 15th pick in the first round. Issuf Sanon, a Ukrainian Guard, was selected with the team's 44th pick in the second round. Brown later joined the team, while Sanon was chosen as a "draft-
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List of members of the Oregon Territorial Legislature


The Oregon Territorial Legislature was the legislative branch of the government of the Oregon Territory of the United States, from 1849 to 1858. The legislature was a bicameral body, including a larger "House of Representatives," headed by a Speaker of the House, and a 9-member "Council," headed by the President of the Council. With the coming of Oregon statehood in 1859, the Oregon Territorial Legislature was supplanted by a new body, the Oregon Legislative Assembly. This list includes all members of the Oregon Territorial Legislature,
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Oregon pioneer history


boundary of the current state of Oregon was defined, with roughly half of the original Oregon Territory becoming the Washington Territory. The boundaries were finalized for Oregon upon entering the Union as the 33rd state on February 14, 1859. The remaining northeastern portion of the territory became part of the Washington Territory. In 1863, Idaho Territory was created from the eastern section of the Washington Territory, with other former eastern portions of the Oregon Territory becoming parts of Montana Territory and Wyoming Territory. Washington became a state in 1889, followed by
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Oregon Pioneer Association


the Oregon Pioneer Society was open to any individual who came to Oregon during the period that the Oregon Territory was under join occupancy of the United States and Great Britain, or who had been born in or settled in the Oregon Territory prior to January 1, 1854. The OPS held annual gatherings, typically in approximate conjunction with the June 15 anniversary of the Oregon Treaty of 1846, which formally ended the Oregon boundary dispute between the United States and Great Britain. Annual conventions were held at various locales throughout the state, at
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Nootka Convention


in 1819. The United States argued that it had acquired a right of exclusive sovereignty from Spain. This position led to a dispute with Britain known as the Oregon boundary dispute. This dispute was not resolved until the signing of the Oregon Treaty in 1846, which divided the disputed territory and established what later became the international boundary between Canada and the United States. Although the Nootka Conventions theoretically opened the Pacific Northwest coast from northern California to Alaska to British colonization, the advent of the Napoleonic Wars distracted any efforts towards this (
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John Gurley Flook


bill," which established a state-owned land-grant agricultural college at Corvallis, now known as Oregon State University. Flook's legislation did not create a university in Corvallis from thin air. As early as 1851 the legislature of the Oregon Territory passed a bill establishing a territorial university in the town of Marysville, a small enclave in the Willamette Valley renamed Corvallis in December 1853. It was not until 1856 that the Corvallis Academy — the first post-secondary school in the area — was established, however. This
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Wilmot Proviso


resurrected a convention rule, last used in 1832, requiring that the nominee had to receive two-thirds of the delegate votes. Many in the North were also upset with the Walker tariff which reduced the tariff rates; others were opposed to Polk's veto of a popular river and harbor improvements bill, and still others were upset over the Oregon settlement with Great Britain where it appeared that Polk did not pursue the northern territory with the same vigor he used to acquire Texas. Polk was seen more and more as enforcing strict
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Walter Lafferty


in developers, aided by politicians, acquiring large parcels through fraudulent means in what became known as the Oregon land fraud scandal. Then in 1903, the Southern Pacific Railroad, which had acquired the O&C, had stopped selling the parcels altogether. Lafferty fought the case for years and in 1915, it ended when the U.S. government took back control of the land, paying the railroad $2.50 per acre for the land. Lafferty did not consider this a victory since the railroad was compensated and the state of Oregon did not get
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Prelest


"The kingdom of God cometh not with observation" (). According to St. Isaac of Syria and St. Macarius of Optina, these words mean that the ones who prematurely desired to acquire grace, acquired pride and fall. And this is not a sign that a man loves God but a mental illness. Saints who acquired grace, thought that they did not have it, and this humility kept them safe from the fall. St. Isaac adds: "How can we strive for high Divine gifts while Apostle Paul glories in
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History of Oregon wine


Oregon Territory in 1847 by Henderson Luelling, a horticulturist who traveled to the territory on the Oregon Trail. The first recorded winery, Valley View Vineyard, was established in Jacksonville (in what is now the Rogue Valley AVA) in the 1850s by Peter Britt, several years before the state was founded in 1859. In the first Oregon census in 1860, wine production was listed at 11,800 liters (2,600 gallons), though it is certain that not all of this came from grapes. In the 1880s, numerous immigrants to
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Wyoming Territory


which eventually fell under Wyoming's jurisdiction, were at various points associated with the territories of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Dakota, Nebraska, and Utah, and had previously belonged to the independent states of Great Britain, France, Spain, Mexico, and Texas. The portion of the Wyoming Territory east of the continental divide was acquired by the U.S. in the 1803 Louisiana Purchase and organized into the Nebraska Territory in 1854. On March 2, 1861, the northern portion of the Nebraska Territory, including the northeastern portion of
6865345
Lindsay Applegate


perished, as did Jesse's ten-year-old son Edward, who did not know how to swim. Lindsay wrote, "We resolved if we remained in the country, to find a better way for others who might wish to emigrate." Additional fatalities in the 1844 and 1845 immigration seasons further stirred up settlers and inspired many to search for alternate routes. Lindsay and fourteen other settlers established the South Emigrant Trail between Fort Hall in Idaho and the Willamette Valley via northern Nevada through southern Oregon where Ashland and Roseburg
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Charity Lamb


transferred to the Oregon State Penitentiary to perform hard labor. She thus became the first woman convicted of murder in Oregon Territory, and only the second time an Oregon jury had decided the matter of felony charges against a woman, the first being the trial of Charity's daughter Mary Ann months earlier. She was the eighth person incarcerated in Oregon. Following the conviction, the family's belonging were auctioned and the children we raised by a number of other families. In 1862 Charity remained Oregon's only female inmate. He duties
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British protected person


The status was transferable by descent to children of BPP fathers (but not mothers) who did not have any other nationality following independence of their territories until 16 August 1978. BPP status was granted in addition to other British nationality classes; an individual can be both a British citizen and a British protected person. Retaining BPP status past the end of British jurisdiction over a protected territory is dependent on the type of territory it was. Persons connected with former protectorates or trust territories may remain BPPs if they did not acquire citizenship of
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Isaac R. Moores


wagons. The family arrived in Portland in November 1852. Col. Moores moved to the southern end of the Willamette Valley, settling in Lane County. There he acquired a farm totaling . In 1855, Moores was elected to represent Lane County as a Democrat in the Oregon Territory House of Representatives. Moores was elected as a delegate to the Oregon Constitutional Convention in 1857. Held in Salem, the convention created a constitution as Oregon prepared to become a state. Moores represented Lane County again as a Democrat, serving on the
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Columbia River


some British interests, especially the Hudson's Bay Company, fought for a boundary along the Columbia River, the Oregon Treaty of 1846 set the boundary at the 49th parallel. As part of the treaty, the British retained all areas north of the line while the U.S. acquired the south. The Columbia River became much of the border between the U.S. territories of Oregon and Washington. Oregon became a U.S. state in 1859, while Washington later entered into the Union in 1889. By the turn of the 20th century, the difficulty
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Osage Nation


taken in regards to making allies of the friendly Osage from those deemed as hostile. Jefferson writes, "we may go further, & as the principal obstacle to the Indians acting in large bodies is the want of provisions, we might supply that want, & ammunition also if they need it." But the goal foremost pursued by the US was to push the Osage out of areas being settled by European Americans, who began to enter the Louisiana Territory after the US acquired it. The lucrative fur trade stimulated the growth
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Rogue River (Oregon)


in the Rogue River drainage. Along the Rogue, tensions intensified in 1848 at the start of the California Gold Rush, when hundreds of men from the Oregon Territory passed through the Rogue Valley on their way to the Sacramento River basin. After Indians attacked a group of returning miners along the Rogue in 1850, former territorial governor Joseph Lane negotiated a peace treaty with Apserkahar, a leader of the Takelma Indians. It promised protection of Indian rights and safe passage through the Rogue Valley for white miners and settlers. The peace did
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Oregon Territory


The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon. Originally claimed by several countries (see Oregon Country), the region was divided between the UK and US in 1846. When established, the territory encompassed an area that included the current states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, as well as parts of Wyoming and Montana. The capital
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Oregon Trail


families did start settling in Oregon, Washington and California. They used most of the York Express route through northern Canada. In 1841, James Sinclair, on orders from Sir George Simpson, guided nearly 200 settlers from the Red River Colony (located at the junction of the Assiniboine River and Red River near present Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada) into the Oregon territory. This attempt at settlement failed when most of the families joined the settlers in the Willamette Valley, with their promise of free land and HBC-free government.
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Elliott R. Corbett


at 1200 SW Park Avenue is on the site which her late husband had helped acquire. She was an Honorary Member of the Life Council of the society. The Oregon Historical Society Newsletter wrote after her death that Alta Corbett was ""...an inspired and generous leader...So we find our great examples from history not only from Greece, Rome, Jerusalem, Cadiz...often we might look closer in space and time. Sometimes our inspiration is nearer at hand among those we have known, loved, and laboured with...
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Straw Dogs (1971 film)


down and tried to make something of validity out of this rotten book. We did. The only thing we kept was the siege itself". "Straw Dogs" drew inspiration from Robert Ardrey's books "African Genesis" and "The Territorial Imperative", which argued that man was essentially a carnivore who instinctively battled over control of territory. The film was shot on location at St Buryan, Cornwall. Beau Bridges, Stacy Keach, Sidney Poitier, Jack Nicholson, and Donald Sutherland were considered for the lead role of
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Territories of the United States


Americans didn't just know about the territories but "cared" about them, "argued" about them. But what changed? How and why did they disappear from the national conversation?" Mack also wrote, "The territories have made us who we are. They represent the USA's place in the world. They've been a reflection of our national mood in nearly every period of American history." Organizations such as Facebook view U.S. territories as not being part of the United States — instead, they are viewed
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Oregon


between the United States and British North America was set at the 49th parallel. The Oregon Territory was officially organized on August 13, 1848. Settlement increased with the Donation Land Claim Act of 1850 and the forced relocation of the native population to Indian reservations in Oregon. In December 1844, Oregon passed its Black Exclusion Law, which prohibited African Americans from entering the territory while simultaneously prohibiting slavery. Slave owners who brought their slaves with them were given three years before they were forced to free them. Any African Americans in the
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Ezra Meeker


, Iowa, where they rented a farm. They had heard that land in Eddyville would be free, but this was not the case. Ezra, working in a surveyor's camp, decided that he did not like Iowa's winters—a prejudice shared by his pregnant wife. Reports were circulating through the prairies about the Oregon Territory's free land and mild climate. Also influencing the decision was the urging of Oliver Meeker who, with friends, had outfitted for the trip to Oregon near Indianapolis, and had come to
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Oregon pioneer history


only). The remaining territorial conflict between British and U.S. claims continued until 1846 when the Oregon Treaty settled the boundary issue with the 49th degree of latitude set as the international boundary between the United States and Britain's North American possessions. However, due to some ambiguity in the treaty, future conflict did arise and ended with the bloodless Pig War over the San Juan Islands. The portion that became part of the United States in 1846 remained unorganized until Congress created the Oregon Territory in August 1848. In 1853, the northern
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Treaty with the Kalapuya, etc.


back east requesting the United States government to formally claim the area and protect them from real or perceived threats, both from Native Americans and the British. These settlers were part of a geopolitical rivalry between the United States and Great Britain over who would control the Oregon Territory, which comprised the modern states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, a portion of Montana, and the province of British Columbia. In 1846, the two powers concluded the Oregon Treaty, dividing the territory in half. The lands of the Willamette Valley were
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Kintzing Prichette


, Michigan. Also in 1839 he owned the American Hotel in Madison, and attempted to sell the establishment through his attorney, Moses M. Strong. Prichette came to Oregon from Pennsylvania and served as Territorial secretary from 1849 to 1850. He served as acting governor from June 18, 1850, to August 18, 1850. John P. Gaines had been appointed governor, but did not arrive in Oregon until August 18, when he was sworn in. In May 1850, judge Orville C. Pratt of the Oregon Supreme Court appointed Prichette
16735653
Colville Indian Reservation


began competing for trade with the indigenous native peoples, many tribes began to migrate westward. Trading and its goods became a bigger part of their lives. For a while, Great Britain and the United States disputed the territory of what the latter called the Oregon Country and the former the Columbia District. Both claimed the territory until they agreed on the Oregon Treaty of 1846, which established United States title south of the 49th Parallel. They did not consider any of the indigenous peoples living in those territories to be citizens or entitled
16642844
Samuel Thurston


The act legimitized existing land claims in the Oregon Territory and granted 640 acres (2.6 km²) to each married couple who would settle and cultivate the land for four years. The act is considered a forerunner of the 1862 Homestead Act. In 1850 he wrote an address to Congress urging the prohibition of free African-Americans from the Oregon Territory, in which said: [It] is a question of life or death to us in Oregon. The negroes associate with the Indians and intermarry, and, if their free ingress
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List of members of the Oregon Territorial Legislature


Samuel Parker) The 2nd Oregon Territorial Legislative Session was held from December 2, 1850 to February 8, 1851. House (Speaker: Ralph Wilcox) Council (President: William W. Buck) The 3rd Oregon Territorial Legislative Session was held from December 1, 1851 to January 21, 1852. The size of the House of Representatives expanded from its original 18 to 22 members effective with this session. House (Speaker: William M. King) Council (President: Samuel Parker) The 4th Oregon Territorial Legislative Session was held from
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Daniel Bigelow


Olympia), then part of the northern Oregon Territory. There he established a law office. At the time there were fewer than 200 American settlers. Bigelow was a gifted orator whose July 4, 1852 speech in Olympia contributed to the movement to create Washington Territory out of the part of the Oregon territory north of the Columbia River. Bigelow also served as one of the three commissioners who revised the laws of Oregon Territory at Salem during the summer of 1853. Daniel served as the first Treasurer of Thurston County, a member
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Oregon Territorial Legislature


Oregon's Territorial Legislature was a bicameral legislative body created by the United States Congress in 1848 as the legislative branch of the government of the Oregon Territory. The upper chamber Council and lower chamber House of Representatives first met in July 1849; they served as the region's legislative body until Oregon became a state in February 1859, when they were replaced by the bicameral Oregon State Legislature. Ten annual sessions were held, with most starting in December and ending in February. During the sessions the capital of the territory was moved from
20395898
George Law Curry


Free Press" in Oregon City in competition with his former employer, the same year as the creation of the Oregon Territory. The newspaper soon failed as the California Gold Rush temporarily drained the territory of people and advertisers. At the second session of the Oregon Territorial Legislature held from 1850 to 1851, he worked as the chief clerk of the lower chamber House of Representatives. In the 1851 to 1852 session he served in the House representing Clackamas County. Curry next served as the Secretary of the Oregon Territory from 1853 to 1854
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Oregon Territory's at-large congressional district


Oregon Territory's at-large congressional district is an obsolete congressional district that encompassed the area of the Oregon Territory. In 1853, the northern half of the territory was reorganized into the Washington Territory. After Oregon's admission to the Union as the 33rd state by act of Congress on February 14, 1859, this district was dissolved and replaced by Oregon's at-large congressional district. At the same time, the eastern portion of the territory was annexed to the Washington Territory. When the Oregon Territory was formed on August
18868539
1528 census of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania


substantial territorial losses and caused a fundamental shift in the military. Instead of being a privilege that brought profit from war loot and career opportunities in newly acquired territories, military service became an expensive duty in defense of the motherland. Each soldier had to provide his own weapons, armor, horse, and food. The nobles made their living off agriculture and looked for ways to shirk their army responsibilities. The state needed ways to enforce the conscription and started keeping detailed lists and inventories of who reported for duty and who did not
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Benjamin F. Harding


the Oregon Territory. Harding was elected to the Oregon Territorial Legislature in 1850 to represent Marion County. Two years later he returned to that body and served as Speaker of the House of Representatives. Harding was then selected as United States district attorney in 1853. From 1854 to 1859 he served as the Secretary of the Oregon Territory, predecessor to the office of Oregon Secretary of State. In 1858 Harding was elected to the Oregon State Legislature, but as Oregon had not yet been admitted to the Union, the assembly only met
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Oregon Territorial Legislature


the Speaker of the House for the session. On March 2, 1853, Washington Territory was created out of the northern and eastern portions of Oregon Territory, eliminating those counties from the Oregon Legislature. The 1853 Legislature met in Salem from December 5, 1853 to February 2, 1854. The legislature created Coos County in southwestern Oregon on the Oregon Coast on December 22, 1853, and Columbia County was created out of the northern portion of Washington County by an act of the body on January 16, 1854. Ralph Wilcox
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Robert D. Durham


2005 Durham was a member on the Oregon Council on Court Procedures. Justice Durham was appointed by Oregon Governor Barbara Roberts to the Oregon Supreme Court to replace the retiring Edwin J. Peterson. His appointment on January 4, 1994, made him the 91st justice since Oregon became a territory in 1848. Durham was then elected to a full six-year term in 1994 and re-elected in 2000 and 2006. He did not seek re-election in 2012. While on the court Durham served as a member of the Oregon
1609705
Alexander H. Stephens


Southern rationale utilized to defend the institution. Stephens quickly rose to prominence as one of the leading Southern Whigs in the House. He supported the annexation of Texas in 1845. Along with his fellow Whigs, he vehemently opposed the Mexican–American War, and later become an equally vigorous opponent of the Wilmot Proviso, which would have barred the extension of slavery into territories that were acquired after the war. He also controversially tabled the Clayton Compromise, which would have excluded slavery from the Oregon Territory and left the issue of slavery
11363996
Naches Pass


difficult and the attempt failed. Emigrants arriving in Portland, Oregon Territory, who wished to continue north had to slog up the muddy Cowlitz Trail, first by river and then overland, to the southern end of Puget Sound. One of the first tasks taken up by Washington Territory when it was separated from Oregon Territory was to build a wagon road over the Cascades that aimed to divert emigrants heading to the Willamette valley to Puget Sound instead. Unwilling to wait for the slow-moving federal government to act, and in order
9093722
Wes Schulmerich


in 1856, a family that included politician Edward Schulmerich, Wes' uncle. Wes Schulmerich went to high school in Hillsboro, a city west of Portland. After two years he dropped out of the school and worked on his father's farm. In 1921, he enrolled at the Columbia Prep school in Portland, the predecessor to the University of Portland, a Catholic school. He had been recruited to play football for the school, and did, earning a scholarship to Oregon Agricultural College (now Oregon State University).
16747593
Booth State Scenic Corridor


Booth State Scenic Corridor (also known as Booth State Wayside or Booth State Park) is a state park in the U.S. state of Oregon, administered by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. Booth State Scenic Corridor was created from properties acquired by the State of Oregon between 1928 and 1944. The original property gift came from Robert A. Booth, who was president of the Oregon Land and Live Stock Company and former chairman of the Oregon Highway Commission. Booth deeded the land to the state on 3 October 1928. Over the years
19470420
Provisional Legislature of Oregon


The Provisional Legislature of Oregon was the single-chamber legislative body of the Provisional Government of Oregon. It served the Oregon Country of the Pacific Northwest of North America from 1843 until early 1849 at a time when no country had sovereignty over the region. This democratically elected legislature became the Oregon Territorial Legislature when the territorial authorities arrived after the creation of the Oregon Territory by the United States in 1848. The body was first termed the Legislative Committee and later renamed the House of Representatives. Over the course of its six-year
10222906
George Edward Cole


the Pacific Northwest, arriving in the Oregon Territory in 1850. Cole soon became involved in the politics of the Oregon Territory, serving as a member of the Oregon House of Representatives in the Oregon Territorial Legislature during the biannual session running from 1852 to 1853. During that session he became an early supporter of the idea of splitting the territory — which then included the whole of today's states of Washington, Idaho, and the western portion of Montana — helping to draft a memorial to Congress calling for the establishment of the Washington
4801626
William H. Seward


the new transcontinental railroad. In Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, he met with Brigham Young, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who had worked as a carpenter on Seward's house (then belonging to Judge Miller) as a young man. On reaching the Pacific Coast, the Seward party sailed north on the steamer "Active" to visit Sitka, Department of Alaska, part of the vast wilderness Seward had acquired for the U.S. After spending time in Oregon and California, the party
3265018
William H. Farrar


William H. Farrar (1826 – November 21, 1873) was an American politician who served as mayor of Portland, Oregon, in 1862. Appointed as Oregon Territorial District Attorney in 1853 by President Franklin Pierce, he served as District Attorney for Oregon from 1853–1859. In 1857, he was a delegate to the Oregon Constitutional Convention representing Multnomah County. According to the Oregon State Archives, he voted against approving the Constitution. He was elected in 1862 as the mayor of Portland, Oregon. He died in on November 21,
15792949
Provisional Government of Oregon


murderers, ten in number, who were no more, and had been killed by the whites, the Cayuses and were all dead." However, the Cayuse party was imprisoned and transported to Oregon City. When the group was asked why they offered themselves to the militia, Tiloukaikt stated "Did not your missionaries teach us that Christ died to save his people? So die we to save our people." At a military court Tiloukait and the four other Cayuses, Tomahas, Klokamas, Isaiachalkis, and Kimasumpkinhese, were
13944325
List of governors of Oregon


as territorial governor until the new executive was appointed and arrived to take office. President Polk initially appointed Brigadier General James Shields to be Oregon's first territorial governor and Shields was confirmed by the Senate, but he declined the position and Joseph Lane was appointed in his place. This is a table of congressional seats, other federal offices, and other governorships held by governors. All representatives and senators mentioned represented Oregon except where noted. , there are four former governors of Oregon who are currently living, the oldest governor of Oregon
14395286
Lansing Stout


he was elected to the Oregon State Senate as a Republican, representing Multnomah County. He did not win re-election. Stout married Susan Plowden in 1861 while back east serving in Congress. The two were married in Leonardtown, Maryland, and had two sons. The two moved to Oregon in 1863. During his time in Oregon Stout was admitted to the Oregon Supreme Court bar during the territorial period. After serving in Congress, Stout resumed his private practice in Oregon. He died in Portland on March 4, 1871
14584411
La Fayette Grover


practice in Salem. The Oregon Territorial legislature elected him prosecuting attorney for Oregon's second judicial district and auditor of public accounts for the Oregon Territory. From 1853 to 1855, he was a member of the Territorial House of Representatives. In 1854, he was appointed by the United States Department of the Interior a member of a commission sent to audit the claims from the Rogue River Indian War. He was appointed by the Secretary of War in 1856 to a board of commissioners to audit the Indian war expenses of Oregon and Washington
21981737
List of Oregon judges


by the United States Congress. Congress then created a three judge supreme court for the territory. In 1859, the territory became the state of Oregon, with the Oregon Supreme Court remaining, eventually expanded to seven justices. In 1969, the state of Oregon created an intermediate level appeals court. Judges from the Oregon Court of Appeals decide cases appealed from the Oregon Circuit Court. The court has a total of thirteen judgeships. Upon Oregon's entry into the Union, the federal government created the United States District Court for the
43084
Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane


On December 1, 1843, the Holy See established the Vicariate Apostolic of the Oregon Territory. In 1846 Pope Gregory XVI established an ecclesiastical territory in the region, and the apostolic vicariate was split into three dioceses: Oregon City, Vancouver Island, and Walla Walla. The Whitman massacre in 1847 and the ensuing Cayuse War increased tensions between Christians and the native population of the Oregon Territory, and as a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850
6861838
List of members of the Oregon Territorial Legislature


) The 9th Oregon Territorial Legislative Session was held from December 7, 1857 to February 5, 1858. There were also Special Pre-Admission Sessions held from July 5 to 9, 1858 and from September 13 to 14, 1858. House (Speaker: Ira F. M. Butler) Council (President: Hugh D. O'Bryant) The 10th (and final) Oregon Territorial Legislative Session was held from December 6, 1858 to January 22, 1859. Oregon was admitted to the Union on February 14, 1859, becoming the 33rd
19774327
Jacob Vanderpool


. Therefore, the law did not apply to Vanderpool. The prosecution called three witnesses to verify the date Vanderpool arrived in Oregon Country. The testimonies of all three witnesses, however, were vague. Nevertheless, the next day, Judge Thomas Nelson (who was also the first to hear "Holmes v. Ford") found Vanderpool guilty of violating the exclusion law and ordered him to leave the territory within thirty days. Vanderpool was removed from the region by a court-appointed official. Only six days elapsed from the time
2030002
Lane County, Oregon


of Linn County and the portion of Benton County east of Umpqua County. It was named after the territory's first governor, Joseph Lane. Originally it covered all of southern Oregon east to the Rocky Mountains and south to the California border. When the Territorial Legislature created Lane County, it did not designate a county seat. In the 1853 election, four sites competed for the designation, of which the "Mulligan donation" received a majority vote; however, since it was contiguous to the "Skinner claim" both became
8908211
Presidency of James K. Polk


not considered by the Senate before Congress adjourned in March. By the time Congress met again in December, California and New Mexico were in U.S. hands, and Polk in his annual message urged the establishment of territorial governments in California, New Mexico, and Oregon. The Missouri Compromise had settled the issue of the geographic reach of slavery within the Louisiana Purchase territories by prohibiting slavery in states north of 36°30′ latitude, but Polk sought to extend this line into the newly acquired territory. If extended to the Pacific, this
13661665
List of Oregon state symbols


's unofficial nickname is "The Beaver State". Unofficial slogans for Oregon include "things look different here" and "Oregon, We Love Dreamers", the latter of which alludes to the "basic sense of idealism" of the state's culture. Several symbols have been proposed for addition to the list of official state symbols but were never adopted. The "Oregon Waltz" was approved as the state waltz by the Oregon House in 1997, but the proposal did not succeed in the Senate. In 2001, legislation
14992734
Native American peoples of Oregon


with violence. In the summer of 1855, an anonymous letter signed simply "A Miner" appeared in the "Oregon Statesman." This letter predicted the eminence of bloody massacres carried out by the "Red Skins" against the white population of Oregon. This claim was picked up by the Sub-Indian Agent for Southern Oregon, who convened a mass meeting in a Willamette Valley town and formally made the call to raise 3,000 troops from the citizenry to do battle with the menace. A war frenzy swept the Oregon Territory
21878306
Edward Whitson


Edward N. Whitson (October 6, 1852 – October 15, 1910) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington. Born in Linn County, Oregon Territory, (now Oregon) (some sources say Salem, in Marion County, Oregon Territory), Whitson was an auditor in Yakima County, Washington Territory (State of Washington from November 11, 1889) from 1875 to 1876, and a member of the Washington Territorial Legislature from 1877 to 1878. He read law
20982590
Provisional Government of Oregon


Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and parts of Montana and Wyoming. Appointed Governor of the Oregon Territory by President Polk, Joseph Lane arrived at Oregon City on 2 March 1849. Governor Lane kept the legal code of the dissolved provisional government, apart from immediately repealing the law authorizing the minting of the Beaver Coins, as this was incompatible with the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 8). The creation of the Washington Territory in 1854 removed the northern half of the Oregon Territory. Established on 14 February 1859,
13944327
Oregon City College


D. Shattuck became the teacher until a Baptist from the east could arrive, who was Rev. J.D. Post who started in early 1854. Meanwhile, the building was finished in 1852. After disagreements with the board of trustees, Post left the next year. The school had never sought a charter from the legislature, but in January 1856, the Willamette Baptist Association organized "Oregon City University" and obtained a charter from the Oregon Territorial Legislature that transferred all assets of the former school to the new school. However, classes were
20548313
John C. Frémont


planned by Benton, Senator Lewis Linn, and other Westerners interested in the acquiring the Oregon Territory. The scientific expedition started in the summer of 1842 and was to explore the Wind River chain of the Rocky Mountains, examine the Oregon Trail through the South Pass, and report on the rivers, fertility of the lands, find optimal sites for forts, and the nature of the mountains beyond in Wyoming. By chance meeting, Frémont was able to gain the valuable assistance of mountain man and guide Kit Carson. Frémont and his
8275925
Territorial evolution of North America since 1763


well as a southern portion of Colorado and the southern tip of Nevada. Utah Territory consisted of present-day Utah, most of Nevada, and portions of Colorado and Wyoming. Washington Territory was split from Oregon Territory, consisting of present-day Washington, northern Idaho, and the western tip of Montana, leaving Oregon Territory with all of Oregon, southern Idaho and a portion of Wyoming. The Gadsden Purchase added some land to New Mexico Territory, corresponding to the southernmost areas of present-day Arizona and New Mexico.
6019642
Selucius Garfielde


massive population growth north of the Columbia River led to a divergence of interests between the northern southern parts of the territory. In 1853, the Washington Territory was split from the Oregon Territory. In 1859, Oregon was admitted as a U.S. state. That portion of the Oregon Territory not admitted as a state became part of the Washington Territory. That same year, gold was discovered in Idaho. By 1861, the cities of Pierce and Oro Fino in the Idaho panhandle each had twice the population of either Olympia or Vancouver on
5579400
Oregon black exclusion laws


reside in the Territory or to intermix with the Indians, instilling in their minds feelings of hostility against the white race." The 1849 law ordered any blacks entering the territory to leave within 40 days. It was applied in 1851 to Jacob Vanderpool, a West Indian who had migrated to Oregon City. A white resident of the city brought a case against Vanderpool, who was arrested and ordered to leave Oregon within 30 days. Subsequent complaints against the family of Abner Hunt Francis were ordered out of the state within 40 days
18370705
Telegraph Hill, San Francisco


those goods and commodities carried. Those who did not have advance information on the cargo might pay a too-high price from a merchant unloading his stock of a commodity—a price that was about to drop. On October 18, 1850, the ship "Oregon" signaled to the hill as it was entering the Golden Gate the news of California's recently acquired statehood. The pole-and-arm signals on the Telegraph Hill semaphore became so well known to townspeople that, according to one story, during a play
9099638
List of members of the Oregon Territorial Legislature


Territorial Legislative Session was held from December 4, 1854 to February 1, 1855. House (Speaker: Lafayette F. Cartee) Council (President: James K. Kelly) The 7th Oregon Territorial Legislative Session was held from December 1, 1855 to January 31, 1856. House (Speaker: Delazon Smith) Council (President: Ammi P. Dennison) The 8th Oregon Territorial Legislative Session was held from December 1, 1856 to January 29, 1857. House (Speaker: La Fayette Grover) Council (President: James K. Kelly
19774326
Idaho Territory


1863 the area west of the Continental Divide that was formerly part of the huge Oregon Territory (by now some was a state) had been sundered from the coastal Washington Territory north of the young State of Oregon to the far west and the remnant of the Oregon Territory was officially 'unorganized'— whereas most of the area east of the Continental Divide had been part of the loosely defined Dakota Territory ending along the 49th parallel—now the border with Canada, then a colonial possession of Great Britain. The original newly organized
7177589
David W. Ballard


large medical practice in Moravia, Indiana. Cheerful reports from Oregon and a keen interest in the far west led him to move his family to Linn County, six miles from Lebanon, Oregon Territory. Again his medical practice grew large and his neighbors developed a trust in his integrity. He was elected to the state senate soon after Oregon's admission to statehood in 1859. On the recommendation of Oregon Senator George Henry Williams, Ballard was appointed territorial governor by President Andrew Johnson in April 1866. When he arrived in Idaho Territory
22198736
Oregon State Treasurer


The Oregon State Treasurer is a constitutional officer within the executive branch of the government of the U.S. state of Oregon, elected by statewide vote to serve a four-year term. As chief financial officer for the state, the office holder heads the Oregon State Treasury, and with the Governor and Secretary of State, serves on the Land Board. The current state treasurer is Tobias Read, who was elected in 2016. Those who served as the Treasurer of the Provisional Government of Oregon prior to the creation of the Oregon Territory
5702206
District of Oregon (military)


at Fort Vancouver in Washington Territory. On March 3, 1865 the district included Idaho Territory after it was formed from the eastern part of Washington Territory. On March 14, 1865, the District of Oregon was extended to include the entire state of Oregon. On July 27, 1865 the Military Division of the Pacific was created under Major General Henry W. Halleck, replacing the Department of the Pacific. It consisted of the Department of the Columbia replacing the District of Oregon and the Department of California. George Wright, now a
80962
Presidency of James K. Polk


his cabinet were prepared to accept the proposal, but Buchanan, in a reversal, urged that the United States seek control of all of the Oregon Territory. After winning the reluctant approval of Buchanan, Polk submitted the full treaty to the Senate for ratification. The Senate ratified the Oregon Treaty in a 41–14 vote, with opposition coming from those who sought the full territory. Polk's willingness to risk war with Britain had frightened many, but his tough negotiation tactics may have gained the United States concessions from the British (particularly
13661632