where is the trinidad and tobago carnival held
Trinidad and Tobago Carnival


The Trinidad and Tobago Carnival is an annual event held on the Monday and Tuesday before Ash Wednesday in Trinidad and Tobago. The event is well known for participants' colorful costumes and exuberant celebrations. There are numerous cultural events such as "band launch fetes" running in the lead up to the street parade on Carnival Monday and Tuesday. It is said that if the islanders are not celebrating it, then they are preparing for it, while reminiscing about the past year's festival. Traditionally, the festival is associated with calypso
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Music of Trinidad and Tobago


soul and reggae music, as well as native J'ouvert, an early introduction to Carnival which consists of percussionists using makeshift materials to hammer out a beat. The trio band 3canal, and the artist Ataklan, are among the most popular modern proponents. Extempo, or extempo calypso, or calypso war, is a lyrically improvised (freestyled) form of calypso. An annual competition is held at the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival for the title of Extempo Monarch. The art form was first recorded in the 1940s in Trinidad. However,
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Outline of Trinidad and Tobago


pre-Lenten Carnival and as the birthplace of steelpan, calypso, chutney, chutney-soca, pichakaree, chut-kai-pang, cariso, kaiso, parang, soca, and limbo. Geography of Trinidad and Tobago Environment of Trinidad and Tobago List of ecoregions in Trinidad and Tobago Demographics of Trinidad and Tobago Politics of Trinidad and Tobago Government of Trinidad and Tobago Court system of Trinidad and Tobago Foreign relations of Trinidad and Tobago The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is a member of: Law of Trinidad and Tobago Military of
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Sandhurst Tacama Miggins


He worked in the events preceding the Trinidad & Tobago Carnival 2010 as a model and promoter for Antilia, a Caribbean public relations and event planning firm. He remains a Trinidad & Tobago Carnival fixture. In February 2010 Miggins modeled in a photo shoot directed by Jonathan Mannion in Trinidad & Tobago. He is still a fixture at Fashion Week Trinidad & Tobago, regularly walking for Millhouse Mens, Meiling and Radical Designs. He co-hosted Fashion Week Trinidad & Tobago 2010 alongside Jamaican-American supermodel Tyson Beckford. Miggins was the
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Panorama (music competition)


Panorama is an annual music competition of steelbands from Trinidad and Tobago. It is usually held around Carnival time. The first official Trinidad Panorama was held during Carnival celebrations in 1963. It was originally pioneered by Chairman of the Carnival Development Committee, Ronald Jay Williams, who gave the festival its name. Similarly styled "Panorama" steelband competitions are also staged at Carnival time in other Caribbean communities. Typically, each steelpan orchestra plays a popular Calypso that is arranged into a piece with original introductions and variations. As part of the
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Music of Trinidad and Tobago


of 1789. In 1797, Trinidad became a British crown colony, with a French-speaking population. Carnival had arrived with the French. Indentured laborers and slaves, who could not take part in Carnival, formed their own, parallel celebration, canboulay, which became the precursor for the Trinidad & Tobago Carnival, and has played an important role in the development of Trinidad's culture. Official and elite unease over carnival revelry (which was considered violent and unruly) grew during the next few decades, and in 1883 drumming
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Culture of Saint Lucia


, in common with other Caribbean countries, Saint Lucia held a carnival before Lent. In 1999, it was moved to mid-July so as not to clash with the much larger Trinidad and Tobago carnival, and in effort to attract more overseas visitors. It is a two-day festival where people walk about two miles. Before carnival, there is a competition among women in the country to be the queen of carnival of year. Another popular sport in Saint Lucia is Football. Football played all over the island as
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Culture of Trinidad and Tobago


, football, and cricket. The most influential single cultural factor in Trinidad and Tobago is Carnival, brought to Trinidad by French settlers from Martinique in the later part of the 18th century. Originally the celebration was confined to the elite, but it was imitated and adapted by their African slaves and, after the abolition of slavery in 1838, the practise spread into the free population. The Canboulay Riots of 1881 were a turning point in the evolution of Trinidad Carnival. Carnival was originally confined to the upper classes, which rode
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Trinidad and Tobago Carnival


cane) is a precursor to Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, and has played an important role in the development of the music of Trinidad and Tobago. Calypso music was developed in Trinidad in the 17th century from the West African Kaiso and canboulay music brought by African slaves imported to that Caribbean island to work on sugar plantations. These slaves, brought to toil on sugar plantations, were stripped of all connections to their homeland and family and not allowed to talk to each other. They used calypso to mock the slave masters and to
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Culture of Trinidad and Tobago


Trinidad and Tobago. Hosay is the local manifestation of the Shia Muslim Remembrance of Muharram in Trinidad and Tobago (where is it spelled "Hussay"). The name Hosay comes from "Husayn", whose martyrdom is commemorated in the festival. Recently it has been revived elsewhere. An East Indian spring festival, celebrated as a festival of colours. A Hindu Festival celebrated with an annual carnival in which thousands of devotees spend night in over 400 temples across the land, offering special jhalls (a mixture of milk, dhai
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List of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival character costumes


A wide variety of costumes (called "mas") depicting traditional Trinidadian Carnival characters are seen throughout the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival. After emancipation in 1838, freed slaves combined African culture with colonial influence to create characters that parodied the upper-class customs and costumes of Carnival. Over the years, characters would rise and drop in popularity, and many became overshadowed by more modern, "bikini and bead," costumes. The following is a list of some of the traditional characters, which symbolize the origins of the Trinidad
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Trinidad and Tobago Carnival


music, with its origins formulated in the midst of hardship for enslaved West and Central Africans; however, recently Soca music has replaced calypso as the most celebrated type of music. Costumes (sometimes called "mas"), stick-fighting and limbo competitions are also important components of the festival. Carnival, as it is celebrated in Trinidad and Tobago, is also celebrated in several cities worldwide. These celebrations include Toronto's Caribana, Miami's Miami Carnival, Houston Carifest, London's Notting Hill Carnival, as well as
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List of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival character costumes


and Tobago Carnival, and their costumes. When this masquerade first came about, the costume was composed of rags and the masqueraders would hold spears as props in order to create the image of an "uncivilized Africa" However, a Carnival bandleader, George Bailey, created decorative costumes that portrayed a much brighter depiction of African beauty. This mas is no longer common in Trinidad Carnival. This character is meant to be a parody of a mother who has a bastard child. The main components of this costume are a pleated dress
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Carnival Road March


The Carnival Road March is the musical composition played most often at the "judging points" along the parade route during a Caribbean Carnival. Originating as part of the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, the term has been applied to other Caribbean carnivals. In Trinidad and Tobago the Road March title has been officially given out every year since 1932 (with the exception of the years affected by World War I and World War II when Carnival did not officially take place). Popular Unofficial Road Marches have also been recognized in T&T from since
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Trinidad and Tobago Carnival


the Canboulay celebrations. Jouvay, as it is commonly known, features a variety of homemade or satirical costumes. This celebration involves participants dousing themselves in oil, mud and powder while they dance to calypso music through the streets. This is a stark contrast to the attractive and more formal costumes that are donned later in the day on Carnival Monday and on Tuesday. The table shows a list of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival dates from 2009 to 2026. Today musical competitions make up a large part of formal Carnival; groups and win
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Saint Lucia


and Isis. The biggest festival of the year is the Saint Lucia Jazz Festival. Held in early May at multiple venues throughout the island, it draws visitors and musicians from around the world. The grand finale or main stage is held at the Pigeon Island which is located to the North of the Island. Traditionally in common with other Caribbean countries, Saint Lucia held a carnival before Lent. In 1999, the government moved Carnival to mid-July to avoid competing with the much larger Trinidad and Tobago carnival and so as
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San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago


Performing Arts, South Campus are the performing arts centres in San Fernando. The "Trinidad and Tobago Guardian", "Trinidad Express" and the "Newsday" newspapers have regional offices in San Fernando. Skinner Park was given to the people of San Fernando for recreational purposes such as football, cricket and other athletic events and training. It is also an important part of Carnival, where historically bands are judged and has been the site of the Semi-Finals of the Calypso Monarch celebrations. In a historical move, the
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Coat of arms of Trinidad and Tobago


The coat of arms of Trinidad and Tobago was designed by a committee formed in 1962 to select the symbols that would be representative of the people of Trinidad and Tobago. The committee included noted artist Carlisle Chang (1921–2001) and carnival designer George Bailey (1935–1970). The palm tree crest at the top of the coat of arms was taken from Tobago’s coat of arms before it was joined in political union with Trinidad. The shield comprises the same colours (black, red, and white) as the nation’s flag
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Chanté mas


is held in the capital city of Roseau, and takes elements of carnival that can be seen in the neighbouring French islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe, as well as Trinidad and Tobago Carnival. Notable events that take place during the season leading up to carnival include "j'ouvert" the opening of Carnival celebrations, the calypso Monarch music competition, the queen of Carnival Beauty Pageant and bouyon music bands. Celebrations last for the Monday and Tuesday before Ash Wednesday. Dominica's carnival is known to be the most original and least commercialized in
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TV 4 (Trinidad and Tobago)


Government Information Services Limited (GISL) Television 4 (TV4) formerly, "The National Carnival Commission of Trinidad and Tobago" (NCC4), "The Information Channel" and "AVM Television", was a television station serving Trinidad and Tobago on Channels 4 & 16 with its studios located at TIC Building, Lady Young Road, Morvant, Trinidad and Tobago. In the 1970s, radio and television broadcast veterans Bobby Thomas, Bryan Waller, and brothers Arnold & Dale Kolasingh set up Audio Visual Media (AVM) Caribbean
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2013–14 Regional Super50


The 2013–14 NAGICO Super50 was the 40th season of the Regional Super50, the domestic limited-overs cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). The competition was played as a standalone tournament (rather than using a league format), with all matches held in Trinidad and Tobago to coincide with Carnival. Eight teams contested the competition – the six regular teams of West Indian domestic cricket (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, the Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Windward Islands), plus
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Steelpan


Carnival percussion groups known as Tamboo bamboo. The pan is the national instrument of Trinidad and Tobago. French planters and their slaves immigrated to Trinidad during the French Revolution (1789) from Martinique, including a number of West Africans, and French creoles from Saint Vincent, Grenada, Saint Lucia and Dominica, establishing a local community before Trinidad and Tobago were taken from Spain by the British. The celebration of "carnivale" had arrived with the French. Slaves, who could not take part in carnival, formed their own parallel
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Trinidad and Tobago Carnival


– this is called "playing mas'". A unique feature of this parade is that locals and tourists alike participate in the parade of bands. Each band is led by a King and Queen, who wear extremely large costumes, often requiring extensions and wheels to assist the masquerader to carry it through the streets. Each year on "Dimanche Gras" (Carnival Sunday), a competition is held to award the King and Queen of Carnival title to two of these masqueraders. On Carnival Monday and Tuesday, the bands
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Danielle Dolabaille


Danielle Dolabaille has been selected to represent Trinidad and Tobago at Miss Earth 2015. The selection for the delegate was concluded in the month of April in an extensive screening. The coronation ceremony for the same was held on 17 June 2015, where Danielle as the new Miss Earth Trinidad and Tobago was unveiled in front of the media and was crowned as Miss Earth Trinidad and Tobago 2015. Being appointed as Miss Earth Trinidad and Tobago 2015, Danielle is Trinidad and Tobago's representative to be Miss Earth 2015 and would try to succeed
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Fay-Ann Lyons


Trinidad and Tobago Carnival Road March champion (2003, 2008, 2009) and the 2009 International Soca Monarch and International Groovy Soca Monarch champion. She created history (again) when she won the International Soca Monarch for the first time in 2009, as the first female to win the Power category, and the first individual (male or female) to win the Power, Groovy and People's Choice awards on Fantastic Friday (aka Carnival Friday) during the finals of the competition which is held annually in Trinidad. She also
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Carnival Road March


to be in the road march competition to only songs vocalised by local Trinidad & Tobago artistes. The Road March title is among the most prestigious in Trinidad Carnival. The most such titles have gone to the late Lord Kitchener with eleven wins, ahead of Super Blue with ten wins, Machel Montano also with ten wins and the Mighty Sparrow with eight wins. In the mid-1970s, a woman officially broke through in the male dominated Calypso arena. Calypso Rose was the first female to officially win the Trinidad and Tobago Road March competition
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Brian Mac Farlane


In 2005, Mac Farlane designed and lead his first full-scale Mas’ Band presentation entitled "The Washing by Fire, By Water," for the Trinidad Carnival. He won the Band of the Year title in the Medium Category of the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival#Competitions. Since 2005, Mac Farlane has continued to produce presentations at Trinidad Carnival each year, all of which have won him multiple awards. “India—The story of Boyie” was the first time ever that Trinidad Carnival had an entirely East Indian theme large
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Saltibus, Saint Lucia


of their respective roles and march to Church for a service which precedes their parade through the streets before returning to the hall for their feasting or grande fete. Carnival - Traditionally in common with other Caribbean countries, Saint Lucia held a carnival before Lent in association with Mardi Gras. In 1999, the government moved Carnival to mid-July to avoid competing with the much larger Trinidad and Tobago carnival. It wanted to attract more overseas visitors. In May 2009, St. Lucians commemorated the 150th Anniversary of East Indian Heritage on the
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Ronald Jay Williams


to his ethnicity and his willingness to cut expenditures. After graduating from the University of Toronto, Williams returned to his native Trinidad and Tobago, where he is known for his contributions to the country's economic and cultural development as both a public figure and a private citizen. He served in a number of different roles on various boards and committees, including as Chairman of the Carnival Development Committee. He is credited with naming Trinidad and Tobago's annual steelband festival, "Panorama". In recognition of his contributions to the nation
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Caribana


to be held outside of the Caribbean region, brings in over one million people to Toronto and over $400 million into Ontario's economy, annually. The festival was introduced to Canada by immigrants from the Caribbean. It follows a Carnival format, particularly following the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, but also influenced by the street dancing and masquerading in costume found on every Caribbean island such as John Canoe in Jamaica, Crop Over in Barbados, and other similar festivals in Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. The Carnival participants
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Carnival


to keep snowy ski trails in good condition and ice sculptures frozen. The carnival is held during the last days of January and first days of February. In the Ottawa-Gatineau region, Winterlude takes place during February. Most Caribbean islands celebrate Carnival. The largest and most well-known is in Trinidad and Tobago. Antigua, Aruba, Barbados, Bonaire, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Saba, Sint Eustatius (Statia), Sint
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Women in Trinidad and Tobago


mix commonly become "heads of households," thus with acquired "autonomy and power and do sometime abused men ." By participating in Trinidad and Tobago's version of the Carnival, Trinidadian and Tobagonian women demonstrate their "assertive sexuality." Some of them have also been active in so-called Afro-Christian sects and in running the "sou-sou informal rotating credit associations." Gender roles in Trinidad and Tobago are influenced primarily by legacies of patriarchy and colonialism. Baptiste asserts that historical views of race and colonialism
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Trinidad and Tobago


-soca, parang, and chutney parang. The diverse cultural and religious backgrounds of its citizens has led to many festivities and ceremonies throughout the year, such as Carnival, Diwali, and Eid festivities. Hasely Crawford won the first Olympic gold medal for Trinidad and Tobago in the men's 100-metre dash in the 1976 Summer Olympics. Nine different athletes from Trinidad and Tobago have won twelve medals at the Olympics, beginning with a silver medal in weightlifting, won by Rodney Wilkes in 1948, and most recently, a gold medal
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WICB/WIPA Awards


, Trinidad and Tobago. The awards function was held on 31 May 2005 in Kingston, Jamaica. The awards function was held on 24 May 2006 in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The awards function was held on 12 February 2007 in Bridgetown, Barbados. The awards function was held on 30 March 2008 in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The awards function was held on 12 March 2009 in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The awards function was held on 8 June 2010 in Port of Spain
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WICB/WIPA Awards


, Trinidad and Tobago. The awards function was held on 5 June 2011 in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The awards function was held on 13 April 2012 in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The awards function was held on 4 July 2013 in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The awards function was held on 5 June 2014 in Kingston, Jamaica. The awards function was held on 9 June 2015 in Kingston, Jamaica. The awards function was held on 19 July 2016 in St. John's
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Music of Trinidad and Tobago


its roots reach back to the plantations where slaves used to mimic the slave-drivers. Since 1986 saw the rise of David Rudder, brass bands have begun to dominate the Carnival competitions. Brass bands had long been a part of Trinidad's cultural heritage, but Rudder popularized the genre and helped inspire the founding of the Caribbean Brass Festival in 1991. This festival was discontinued after its last showcase at the "B2B Bunji and Brass" event in 1997. However was brought back as a Carnival Monday Night event in 2019 under
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Community Dateline


Community Dateline was a television show in Trinidad and Tobago, one of the most popular programmes of its era. It ran for many years on Trinidad and Tobago Television Channel 2 and 13 at 11.00 am-12 noon on weekdays until Trinidad and Tobago Television was closed on January 15, 2005. The hosts were Allyson Hennessy together with Judy Alcantara,Majorie, Lisa Wickham and Wilbert Holder. It was a talk show and it had many segments discussing many things like carnival, youth, disabilities and other topics. Its replacement was the weekday
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List of Caribbean carnivals around the world


Caribbean Carnival is the term used in the English speaking world for a series of events throughout almost the whole year that take place in many of the Caribbean islands annually and worldwide. The Caribbean's carnivals have several common themes, all originating from Trinidad and Tobago Carnival also known as the Mother of Carnival , whose popularity and appeal began well before 1846, and gained global recognition in 1881 with the Canboulay Riots  in Port Of Spain. #Trinidad Carnival is based on folklore, culture, religion, and tradition (thus relating to
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Miss Trinidad and Tobago


The Miss Trinidad & Tobago Pageant is a beauty pageant that has been held annually since 1954. The contest is meant to select a suitable delegate from the twin island republic, to compete in the Miss World pageant. The nation has one Miss World, Miss World 1986, Giselle Laronde. Miss Trinidad & Tobago registered trademark started in 1954 exclusively for Miss World. The first Miss Trinidad and Tobago contest started in 1954 where the eventual winner, Seeta Indranie Mahabir represented the British Commonwealth country at the fourth edition of the contest.
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Danielle Dolabaille


Danielle Dolabaille is a Trinidadian beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned as Miss Earth Trinidad and Tobago 2015 and her country's representative in Miss Earth 2015. Prior being the Miss Earth Trinidad and Tobago, Danielle joined few contests. One of which was when she joined the Face of T&T 2013 pageant and Miss Trinidad & Tobago Universe 2014 where it was won by Jevon King. Danielle did not win any either of the pageants she had joined. At the coronation night of Miss Earth Trinidad and Tobago 2015 held on 17 June 2015,
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List of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival character costumes


or outwitting all of his rivals. His aspirations come from a history of wrongdoing in his family, which is meant to mimic the emancipation and history that influenced the celebrations of the Trinidad and Tobago carnival. The Midnight Robber does not have one official story; every masquerader or storyteller can give their own version of his story. One version of this story is Nalo Hopkinson's 2000 novel "Midnight Robber", which actually depicts a female "Robber Queen" named Tan-Tan. The costume consists of black pants, an
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Dame Lorraine


Dame Lorraine (Trinidad and Tobago)as it is called in the land of its birth Trinidad, and in the wider diaspora, or "Mother Sally" in Barbados, is a historical Trinidad Carnival Character. She is characterized as a voluptuously large woman who wears a long dress and dances in the mas. According to the Trinidad and Tobago National Library, the character is "imitative of the mas played by the 18th and early 19th century French planters, who would dress up in elegant costumes of the French aristocracy and parade in groups
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France–Trinidad and Tobago relations


the later 1790s, the white upper class on Trinidad "consisted mainly of French creoles," which created "a powerful French cultural influence in Trinidad. This was expressed not only in the widespread use of French Patois (French-lexicon Creole)...but also in the general population's enthusiasm for the Catholic tradition of Carnival." Sean Sheehan explains further that for "about a hundred years, the language spoken in Trinidad and Tobago was a pidgin form of French, which was basically French with Twi or Yoruba words included.
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Nationalism in Trinidad and Tobago


-island republic marked the formation of its modern-day nationalism. The mix of nationalities, customs and culture of the modern-day republic contribute significantly to the nationalism of Trinidad and Tobago. The early Indian influence, paired with the Caribbean location and culture of the dual-island republic, made way for Creole culture largely founded upon these customs. A particularly famous Trinbagonian cultural custom, that is globally renowned as representative of West Indian culture is the Trinidad Carnival. "However, this cultural practice has been prevalent in Trinidad
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Trinidad and Tobago Carnival


that tied into pre-Lent celebrations full of bodily freedom and hedonism. This consequently turned into the modern notion of Carnival. Traditional Carnival activities were derived and brought to the Trinidad from West African religious cultures and societies. Originally, Carnival was a strictly for the white elite similar to Mardi Gras of New Orleans and was celebrated through masquerade balls, house parties, and street parades with carriages. Middle-class people of colour and enslaved Africans were not allowed to participate in Carnival activities except when slaves were performing. Instead white
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First Spouse of Trinidad and Tobago


The First Lady of Trinidad and Tobago is the title attributed to the wife of the President of Trinidad and Tobago and the First Gentleman of Trinidad and Tobago to the husband of the President of Trinidad and Tobago, a position created in 1976. The position was last held by Reema Harrysingh-Carmona, wife of President Anthony Carmona, from 2013 to 2018. To date, there have been no First Gentlemen of Trinidad and Tobago as the first (and incumbent) female President, Paula-Mae Weekes, is unmarried. The
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Trinidad and Tobago Carnival


New York City's Labor Day Carnival. The Cedula of Population of 1783 laid the foundation and growth of the population of Trinidad. The Spanish who were in possession of the island, contributed little towards advancements, with El Dorado the focus, Trinidad was perfect due to its geographical location. French planters with their slaves, free coloureds and mulattos from neighbouring islands of Martinique, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, Guadeloupe, and Dominica migrated to the Trinidad during the French Revolution. The Spanish also gave many incentives to lure
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Hosay


assassinated by yazid in Karbala. This martyrdom is commemorated in the festival. In Trinidad and Tobago it is primarily celebrated in Saint James, in northwestern Trinidad and in Cedros in southwestern Trinidad. Recently it has been revived elsewhere. In Jamaica it is celebrated throughout the island. In the past, every plantation in each parish celebrated Hosay. Today it has been called an Indian carnival and is perhaps most well known in Clarendon where it is celebrated each August. People of all religions attend the event. In the 1850s, very
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Byron Lee and the Dragonaires


and Max Romeo, issued on imprints such as Jaguar, Panther, Afrik, and Dragon. In 1974, the band played at Trinidad & Tobago's carnival for the first of many times, and the same year they released the "Carnival in Trinidad" album. They would release both reggae and carnival-oriented albums throughout the 1970s, and in 1975 took in another genre with the "Disco Reggae" album, released on Mercury Records in the US. The band played at the Reggae Sunsplash festival in both 1978 and
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Francesca Hawkins


to her work as a news presenter. Served as President, Media Association of Trinidad and Tobago to April 2017. Francesca was a Communications Officer at the Office of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and the Ministry of Energy during the term of office of Prime Minister Basdeo Panday. She was also a member of the organizing committee for the 1999 Miss Universe pageant, which was held in Trinidad and Tobago, where she was the producer for all the local elements of the stage production, including working with the
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Calinda


Calinda (also spelled kalinda or kalenda) is a martial art, as well as kind of folk music and war dance in the Caribbean which arose in the 1720s. Calinda is the French spelling, and the Spanish equivalent is "calenda". Calinda is a kind of stick-fighting commonly seen practiced during Trinidad & Tobago Carnival. It is the national martial art of Trinidad & Tobago. French planters with their slaves, free coloreds and mulattos from neighboring islands of Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Dominica migrated to Trinidad during
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Canboulay riots


The Canboulay riots were riots by the descendants of freed slaves on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago by the British police to crack down on aspects of the celebration of Carnival. The riots occurred in February 1881 in Port of Spain, the capital of Trinidad and in the southern cities of San Fernando and Princes Town in February 1884 causing loss of life. The riots are still commemorated today and canboulay music is an important part of the music of Trinidad and Tobago notably the use of steel pans which were the descendants of percussion instruments
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Güiria


connected in later stages to the nationwide gas distribution system to supply the rest of the country and for export. Additionally, Güiria produces coconuts, cocoa, tobacco, tubers and fish. Cattle is also raised. Because Güiria is close to the island of Trinidad, there is significant maritime commerce with Trinidad and Tobago. Cricket is popular in Güiria. Steelpan music from Trinidad and Tobago can be heard in Güiria's carnival, as a cultural influence from the nearby islands. Güiria has some typical dishes not found in usual Venezuelan cuisine
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Trinidad and Tobago Carnival


TT$2 million. There are also other competitions that are involved in the Calypso Monarch. Traditionally, musicians use drums, claves, and the steelpan, created in Trinidad and reported to be the only non-electrical instrument invented in the 20th century, that has been hammered down in different areas to create a wide range of different notes. A group of performers practise weeks in advance on these pans to compete. Trinidad and Tobago is multicultural (Amerindian, European, African, Indian, Chinese and Middle Eastern), and all
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Dominion of Trinidad and Tobago


Trinidad and Tobago gained its independence from the United Kingdom on 31 August 1962 and became a republic on 1 August 1976. When British rule ended in 1962, the Trinidad and Tobago Independence Act 1962 transformed the British Crown Colony of Trinidad and Tobago into an independent sovereign state, sharing its sovereign, Elizabeth II, the Queen of Trinidad and Tobago, with the other states headed by Queen Elizabeth II. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago. The following governors-general held
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Southern Caribbean


. Trinidad & Tobago - Soca: A fusion of soul and its predecessor calypso gave the name soul-calypso (or shortened as soca). Used in traditional carnivals, its features are a quick tempo with bass, hi-hat, bongo, and tassa drums, just as are used in Soca, as well as guitars. Trinidad's famous steel-pan music is made from oil drums, and is also used in carnivals. Trinidad has contributed artists such as Machel Montano, Destra Garcia, Calypso Rose, Nicki
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Music of Trinidad and Tobago


women participating in nationwide competitions. Chutney music is a reflection on the culture of Trinidad and Tobago, its blending of Indian, Western and African elements is a representation of the backgrounds that are mixed together to form the culture of Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad and Tobago has an underground pop, rock and heavy metal scene with many small shows being held throughout the year. The largest of such shows is the annual Pop Music Awards held at the "Tsunami nightclub" in Chaguaramas and the Samaan Tree Rock Festival in Aranguez. Alternative
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Dana Seetahal


Dana Saroop Seetahal, SC (July 8, 1955 – May 4, 2014) was an Independent Senator in the Trinidad and Tobago Senate. She was an attorney at law in private practice and was formerly a lecturer at the Hugh Wooding Law School, Trinidad and Tobago, where she held the position of Course Director in Criminal Practice and Procedure. Dana Saroop Seetahal was born on July 8, 1955 in Trinidad and Tobago. She was the 8th of 11 children born to Latchman and Sarjudeya Saroop Seetahal. She attended primary school
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Labor Day Carnival


The Labor Day Parade (or West Indian Carnival) is an annual celebration held on American Labor Day (the first Monday in September) in , Brooklyn, New York City. The main event is the West Indian Day Parade, which attracts between one and three million participants. The spectators and participators watch and follow the parade on its route along Eastern Parkway. Some of the Caribbean islands represented in the parade include Trinidad and Tobago, Haiti, Barbados, Dominica, Saint Lucia, Jamaica, Saint Vincent and Grenada, along
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TV 4 (Trinidad and Tobago)


gain some form of market share but this move failed. As the years passed, the station and by extension NBN continued to suffer heavy financial losses. A decision was made by the state and on January 15, 2005, NBN was shut-down. The station facilities at Morvart was leased to the National Carnival Commission and the channel was re-branded NCC TV4 to broadcast the Carnival celebrations scheduled to take place in February of that year. Traditionally held on TTT until its closure, NCC TV4 became the main outlet for
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Nationalism in Trinidad and Tobago


and Tobago from shortly after the cultural renaissance of post- World War 2. Trinidad and Tobago developed a rich cultural life from early colonial times, enhanced by the striking diversity of the population. Carnival, calypso and the steelband" (which emerged just after World War 2) were at the heart of the Creole cultural complex" The unique dress worn by females at the festival (feathers, gems and festive undergarments) mostly with wings) shows components of Spanish, Native American and Indian Traditional Dress. The Trinbagonian Culture is similarly
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Hosay


South-Western end of Trindad, that are built in an exclusive style that is not found anywhere else in the world, in terms of the art and style of construction. In nineteenth-century Trinidad newspapers as well as government reports called Hosay the "Coolie Carnival." The Hosay (derived from Husayn or Hussein) celebration is a Caribbean manifestation of the Shia Muslim Remembrance of Muharram in Trinidad and Tobago and Jamaica (where is it spelled "Hussay"). The name Hosay comes from "Husayn" who was
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Brian Mac Farlane


Brian Mac Farlane (born 1957) is a Trinidadian Carnival artist, known as a “Mas’ Man” in Trinidad and Tobago. Brian Mac Farlane was born in 1957. His father was from Trinidad and his mother from Barbados. Mac Farlane grew up in Petit Valley, a suburb of Port of Spain in Trinidad and Tobago. Mac Farlane suffered from frequent illness as a child due to an abnormal immune system and as a result he often struggled in school. Mac Farlane was also diagnosed with Dyslexia during his childhood.
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Catherine Miller


Catherine Miller (born December 22, 1991) is a Trinidadian model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Trinidad and Tobago 2013 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2013 pageant. Miller is recent graduate of the Savannah College of Art and Design where she obtained her Bachelor of Fine Arts in Creative Advertising. Miller was crowned as the new Miss Trinidad & Tobago in 2013 on September 21, 2013 and gained the right to represent Trinidad & Tobago at Miss Universe 2013. The pageant finale was held at One Woodbroke Place.
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List of Australian High Commissioners to Trinidad and Tobago


The Australian High Commissioner to Trinidad and Tobago, is the Australian government's foremost diplomatic representative in Trinidad and Tobago. The Australian Government established a High Commission in Port of Spain in May 2004 and appointed its first resident High Commissioner, John Michell. Previously, responsibility for Australian diplomatic representation in Trinidad and Tobago was held in Canada (1974); Jamaica (1975–1994); and Barbados (1994–2004). The decision to move Australian Government representation from Barbados to Trinidad and Tobago was part of a review of Australia's diplomatic network
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Trinidad and Tobago at the Olympics


seconds. One athlete and one official represented this discipline. Rodney Wilkes won the first medal for Trinidad and Tobago lifting 317.5 kilograms in three lifts. The Games of the XV Olympiad were held in 1952 in Helsinki, Finland. This was the second time Trinidad & Tobago was represented in the Olympics. The Trinidad & Tobago Olympic Committee sent four athletes and officials to represent the nation in one discipline. Errol Knowles was the Chef de Mission Two athletes and one official represented this discipline. Both athletes won medals for Trinidad & Tobago
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Trinidad and Tobago at the FIFA World Cup


. Head coach of Trinidad and Tobago's 2006 World Cup squad was Leo Beenhakker. Trinidad and Tobago were drawn in Group B along with England, Sweden, and Paraguay. In their first match, Trinidad and Tobago held a strong Swedish side to a 0–0 draw, despite having Avery John sent off less than 30 seconds into the second half. Team captain Dwight Yorke won "Man of the Match" honours. Trinidad and Tobago lost their second game of the group stage to England 2–0. Late goals from Peter Crouch and
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Lent


The fabrics are then "replaced with white on sunrise on Easter Sunday". The carnival celebrations which in many cultures traditionally precede Lent are seen as a last opportunity for excess before Lent begins. Some of the most famous are the Carnival of Barranquilla, the Carnival of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the Carnival of Venice, Cologne Carnival, the New Orleans Mardi Gras, the Rio de Janeiro carnival, and the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival. The day immediately preceding Lent is variously called Mardi Gras ("Fat Tuesday"),
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Canboulay


Canboulay (from the French "cannes brulées", meaning burnt cane) is a precursor to Trinidad and Tobago Carnival. The festival is also where calypso music has its roots. It was originally a harvest festival, at which drums, singing, dancing and chanting were an integral part. After Emancipation (1834), it developed into an outlet and a festival for former indentured laborers and freed slaves who were banned from participating in the masquerade carnival events – derived from European Christian traditions – of the colonial elite, and whose
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Trinidad and Tobago


GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) in the Americas after the United States and Canada. It is recognised by the World Bank as a high-income economy. Unlike most of the English-speaking Caribbean, the economy is primarily industrial with an emphasis on petroleum and petrochemicals; much of the nation's wealth is derived from its large reserves of oil and natural gas. Trinidad and Tobago is known for its Carnival and Diwali celebrations and as the birthplace of steelpan, the limbo, and music styles such
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San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago


referred to as simply "The Promenade", this area plays an important role in the life of the city. It runs parallel to the main shopping district (High Street), but lacks the busy throngs of people. It also serves as an important judging point for the J'ouvert portion of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival. The eastern end of The Promenade is known as "Library Corner" after the Carnegie Free Library (a gift from Andrew Carnegie) which was opened in 1919. Naparima Bowl and the National Academy of the
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Trinidad and Tobago at the 2006 FIFA World Cup


Head coach of Trinidad and Tobago's 2006 World Cup squad was Leo Beenhakker. Trinidad and Tobago were drawn in Group B along with England, Sweden, and Paraguay. In their first match, Trinidad and Tobago held a strong Swedish side to a 0–0 draw, despite having Avery John sent off less than 30 seconds into the second half. Team captain Dwight Yorke won "Man of the Match" honours. Trinidad and Tobago lost their second game of the group stage to England 2–0. Late goals from Peter Crouch and Steven
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Music of Trinidad and Tobago


the name of Brass Bacchanal. One of the most significant contributions of Trinidad and Tobago to the world of music was the invention of the steelpan. This instrument is the only acoustic instrument that was invented in the 20th century. The pan evolved from music which the island slaves created for the carnival festivities. The first steel-pans were made from oil drums. The players would beat on the end of the oil drum with bamboo to produce music and found that the areas of the drum that were hit the most frequently developed
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Social unrest in Trinidad and Tobago


Social unrest has shaped the development of Trinidad and Tobago since the middle of the 19th century. Attempts by the British colonial government to crack down on the celebration of Carnival sparked the Canboulay Riots in 1881 and 1884. Attempts to control the celebration of Hosay by the Indian population culminated in the Hosay Riots in 1884. In the early 20th century, the Water riots culminated in the destruction of the Red House , the seat of government, by a mob of protestors. In response to poor working conditions and inadequate pay, the
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Pound the Alarm


video of the shoot on July 13, 2012. It premiered on Minaj's VEVO account on Tuesday, July 31, 2012. The video has over 216 million views as of April 2018 meaning it is now 2X VEVO Certified. The video for "Pound the Alarm" begins with Minaj on a building, singing and looking over the town. She pays tribute to Trinidad and Tobago, her birthplace, and the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival. The video opens with a steelpan version of the song, and shots of different locations
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Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians


and negotiations between the Government and the rebels, the mutiny was contained and the mutineers surrendered on 25 April. It was around this time the term Afro-Trinidadian was started to be used. The massive influx of African slaves to Trinidad and Tobago shores that happened in the 16th and 18th century respectively was important in shaping the cultural space of Trinidad and Tobago. Afro-Trinidadian culture is immanent within and encapsulates all other cultures. Afro-Trinidadian culture is decisive in steelpan culture, Carnival culture, and calypso culture and also
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Terry Gajraj


, which was also a success, 'Guyana Baboo' being synonymous with Gajraj ever since. His popularity spread to Trinidad & Tobago, where he performed at the Trinidad Spektakula festival and appeared on national television. In 1995 he became the first Guyanese artist to perform at the T&T carnival. Between 1990 and 2000 he release a total of 14 albums. In 2009 he collaborated with Dheeraj Gayaram on the stage show "West Indian Dreams". In 2015 he was nominated in the 'Male Soca Chutney Artiste of the Year'
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Pound the Alarm


carnivals, as the music video portrays), however it does feature a verse with Minaj warning her lover. The song entered the top ten in countries including Finland, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom. The song also charted on the "Billboard" Hot 100, peaking inside the top twenty and number 1 on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart. The accompanying music video was shot in her native birth country, Trinidad and Tobago, where it featured Minaj performing at a national Trinidad and
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Peter Minshall


Peter Minshall (born 16 July 1941) is a Trinidadian Carnival artist (described colloquially in Trinidad and Tobago as a "mas-man"). Minshall was born in Georgetown, Guyana, but moved to Trinidad as a small child after his father took a job as a cartoonist. Growing up in the capital, Port of Spain, Minshall was exposed to Carnival from a young age. He made his first costume at the age of 13. He attended Queen's Royal College, then went on to study Theatre Design
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Music of Trinidad and Tobago


cutter, the highest-pitched instrument in the ensemble, is made from a thinner piece of bamboo (of varying length) and is struck with a stick. These three types of instruments combined to beat out rhythms that accompanied the chantwells and were a staple of carnival celebrations for many years. They were gradually rendered obsolete by the steel band. The 1930s saw contests between tents become a standard part of Carnival, and in 1939, Growling Tiger was crowned the first calypso monarch of Trinidad (for his song, "The
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Patrice Roberts


"Band of De Year" won the 2006 Carnival Road March. This achievement brought fame to both singers, the soca music, and the Trinidad carnival culture. Despite their best efforts the people of Trinidad and Tobago still suffer color and class discrimination as well as sexism . It is apparent in the music industry is male-dominated while women are taking up the vocalist roles in bands. Even though women are able to use their voice to speak of the gender-biased oppression as a welcoming to the music industry, it
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List of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival character costumes


; more specifically, his ability to spell any word. The Sailor mas was introduced into Carnival when naval ships from America and France came into Trinidad in the 1880s. Similar to the Indian mas, this masquerade is noted for its versatility. The costume can be as costly, decorative, or historically accurate as the masquerader wishes. This mas is also easy for groups since the characters are not as specific or singular. There are multiple variations of the sailor costume: Some warrior characters are a variation of the Indian costume,
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Music of Trinidad and Tobago


(French Creole) as the dominant language, calypso migrated into English, and in so doing it attracted more attention from the radio stations and government. Calypso continued to play an important role in political expression, and also served to document the history of Trinidad and Tobago. Early chantwells such as Hannibal, Norman Le Blanc, Mighty Panther and Boadicea made names for themselves by criticizing the colonial government. In 1912, calypso was recorded for the first time and the following decade saw the arrival of calypso tent. During Carnival,
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Trinidad and Tobago Television


and around the world. Alongside the TTT re-launch in 2018, new programming introduced included "TTT News," "NOW Morning Show", "Got Carnival", "Video Vibe", and "Indigenous Bites with Wendy Rahamut". Trinidad and Tobago Television launched the careers of several of the most recognized journalists and broadcasters in the Caribbean across two generations which are listed below. With the 2018 relaunch, TTT retains the on-air personalities from its predecessor, C TV. Other notable presenters include Peter Minshall
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Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonian


Indian cooking have entered the mainstream culture of Trinidad and Tobago. Chutney music and chutney soca rivals calypso and soca music during the Carnival season. Divali and Eid ul-Fitr are national holidays, and Hosay (Ashura) and Phagwah are widely celebrated. The Indian-South Asian influence is very much noticeable in Trinidad and Tobago as they are one of the largest ethnic groups in the country. Mandirs, masijids, jhandis (Hindu prayer flags), Hindu schools, Muslim schools, roti shops and stalls, puja stores,
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Music of Trinidad and Tobago


by the government of India and the High Commission of India to Trinidad and Tobago. In history, Trinidad and Tobago have witnessed concerts featuring authentic Hindustani Classical performances free of charge as a technique to spread the word of the artform that was quickly developing. History was made again as the first ever certification course in pure Hindustani Classical music was started at the University of Trinidad and Tobago's Academy for the Performing Arts in 2010. The courses are held at the UTT'S campus on the grounds of the National Academy for the Performing
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Japan–Trinidad and Tobago relations


part of his wider visit to CARICOM nations. On July 27, the Prime Minister held a bilateral meeting with The Hon. Kamla Persad-Bissessar, Prime Minister of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. This was the first-ever visit to the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago by a Japanese Prime Minister. Abe stated that it was his honor to make the first-ever visit to the Caribbean region by a Japanese Prime Minister during the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and Trinidad and Tobago. Prime
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Trinidad and Tobago Amateur Radio Society


was formed at that time. In 1961, ARSTT was reactivated under the name of TTARS, the Trinidad and Tobago Amateur Radio Society, a name which it retains to this day. TTARS was eventually incorporated by Act of Parliament: Act 13/1981. In 2001, The REACT International Convention was held in Trinidad and Tobago, with the support of TTARS. TTARS offers four membership levels: full, associate, honorary and affiliate. To be eligible for full membership, one requires an amateur radio license issued by the Trinidad and Tobago
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Trinidad and Tobago Carnival


Carnival" shows, competitions and parades as early as 4 weeks before the culmination of the festival. For weeks ahead, several preliminary rounds of competitions and parties (or "fêtes") take place. As Carnival is part of the national curriculum, several programmes take place at schools across the country. Regional authorities handle smaller Carnival celebrations in smaller towns and villages. Some of the most innovative carnival costumes came from kiddies carnival. Rosalind Gabriel, a 30-year veteran and the most decorated children's bandleader in the country's history
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Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange


entities listed separately. In addition, suggestions have been made for large multinationals operating in Trinidad and Tobago to list Depository receipt to allow wider national participation in these companies. Such companies include British Petroleum (Trinidad and Tobago Ltd), Mittal Steel and Repsol (Trinidad and Tobago Ltd). As a result of the sale of RBTT Holdings to the Royal Bank of Canada in a cash and share deal in the late 2000s, a significant number of RBC shares are held by former shareholders of RBTT Holdings, which, at the
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Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange


time of its delisting, was one of the widest held shares on the TTSE. In addition to the First Citizens Bank IPO, the IPO for the company created from the merger of the Home Mortgage Bank and the Trinidad and Tobago Mortgage Finance Company was expected by December 2013, but these plans now appear to have been shelved. The Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange falls under the jurisdiction of the Trinidad and Tobago Securities and Exchange Commission . The TTSE is located at the Nicholas Tower building on Independence Square in Port of Spain.
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Trinidad and Tobago at the 2006 FIFA World Cup


The only participation of Trinidad and Tobago in the final stages of the FIFA World Cup came in 2006, when they qualified for the tournament in Germany, but failed to win any match and were eliminated at the group stage. Trinidad and Tobago became the smallest nation to reach the finals of a World Cup tournament, a feat previously held by Jamaica at the 1998 World Cup. They did very well. On 12 October 2005, Trinidad and Tobago secured fourth place in the CONCACAF final qualification round, and therefore participated in a
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2020 Trinidad and Tobago general election


General elections are scheduled to be held in Trinidad and Tobago in 2020, although they may be held at an earlier date in the event of a vote of no confidence in the government. Such a dissolution is unlikely as the current government has a majority. The 41 members of the House of Representatives are elected by first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies. Registered voters must be Trinidadian or Commonwealth citizens aged 18 or over, legally resident in Trinidad and Tobago and have resided in their constituency for
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Fête


fêtes may include Morris dancing, tug of war, fancy dress, and pet shows. The fête itself is a variation of a fair. In Trinidad and Tobago and other English-speaking Caribbean territories, fêtes are huge parties held during the Carnival season. Harvard University's Eliot House uses the term to refer to its spring formal. Bloomington, Minnesota's, Independence Day celebration (traditionally held on the 3rd of July) has been known as Summer Fete since 1978. The English word "fête", pronounced or ,
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San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago


National Steelband Panorama Finals were held here on 17 February 2007. This was the first time that the event was held somewhere other than the Queen's Park Savannah in Port of Spain, as that location was unavailable due to planned construction of a Carnival Complex on its grounds. The role of "The Park" as a sporting venue has largely been supplanted by newer Manny Ramjohn Stadium in Marabella, on the northern end of town and by Guaracara Park in Pointe-à-Pierre. The San Fernando General Hospital serves as a
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Music of Trinidad and Tobago


Carnival by Trinidadian slaves, including canboulay drumming and the music masquerade processions. The French brought Masquerade Balls to Trinidad which were mimicked by ex-slaves after Abolition of Slavery, and calypso competitions at Carnival grew in popularity, especially after the abolition of slavery in 1834. Calypso drew upon African and French influences, and became the voice of the people. It allowed the masses to challenge the actions of the unelected Governor and Legislative Council, and the elected town councils of Port of Spain and San Fernando. As English replaced patois
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Trinidad and Tobago Carnival


(or pans) are now a major part of the Trinidadian music scene and are a popular section of the Canboulay music contests. In 1941, the United States Navy arrived on Trinidad, and the panmen, who were associated with lawlessness and violence, helped to popularize steel pan music among soldiers, which began its international popularization. J'Ouvert J'ouvert (translated from French as "break of day"), symbolizes the start of the official two days of Carnival. Beginning early Monday, revellers parade through town in the tradition of
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Beryl McBurnie


to become a dance instructor with the Trinidad and Tobago government's Education Department in 1945. In 1948 she established the first permanent folk-dance company and theatre in Trinidad. Her first show was "Bele" (pronounced Bay-lay) pre-carnival 1948 at her newly opened Little Carib Theatre in Woodbrook, Port of Spain. Paul Robeson laid the cornerstone of the building during a tour of the Caribbean in 1948. Among the many highlights of her work from this period were "Talking Drums"; "Carnival Bele
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List of Trinidad and Tobago Carnival character costumes


became less common after the 1920s. One of, if not, the most popular characters of the Trinidad Carnival is the Midnight Robber. This braggadocious character is mostly known for using his "robber voice" for vivid storytelling, which is said to mimic a griot or West-African storyteller. Although his stories are mostly meant to show his own bravery and valor, the Midnight Robber's speeches can also be commentary or parody of current events. The Midnight Robber desires to become the King of the Robbers by out-talking
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Trinidad and Tobago Creative Industries Company


collaboration with artists and other creative stakeholders, the writing process, budgeting and the establishment of deals with artists, labels and production companies. On 28 and 29 January 2016 CreativeTT and sister state agency InvesTT joined efforts to host a stakeholder outreach initiative at Piarco International Airport. The two-day initiative targeted passengers on flights from Canada, United States, UK and Europe with a key focus on members of Trinidad and Tobago’s diaspora visiting for Carnival. The joint agency team interacted with incoming and departing passengers in a drive to establish
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