when was the leaning tower of pisa created
Leaning Tower of Pisa


The Leaning Tower of Pisa () or simply the Tower of Pisa ("Torre di Pisa" ) is the "campanile", or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation. The tower is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third-oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square ("Piazza del Duomo"), after the cathedral and the Pisa Baptistry. The tower's tilt began
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


Pisa Tower, but was deliberately engineered to slant. The Leaning Tower of Wanaka in New Zealand, also deliberately built, leans at 53 degrees to the ground. About the 5th bell: The name "Pasquareccia" comes from "Easter", because it used to ring on Easter day. However, this bell is older than the bell-chamber itself, and comes from the tower Vergata in "Palazzo Pretorio" in Pisa, where it was called "La Giustizia" (The Justice). The bell was tolled
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Leaning Tower of Niles


The Leaning Tower of Niles is a half-size replica of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Located in Niles, Illinois, it was completed in 1934 by industrialist Robert Ilg as part of a recreation park for employees of the Ilg Hot Air Electric Ventilating Company of Chicago. It is situated at 6300 W. Touhy Avenue. Some speculate that part of the motivation to construct the tower was to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. A more likely explanation is its original functional purpose, to store water for outdoor
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Leaning Tower of Teluk Intan


The Leaning Tower of Teluk Intan () is a clock tower in Teluk Intan, Hilir Perak District, Perak, Malaysia. It is the Malaysian equivalent of the world-famous Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy. The tower is slanted leftward, similar to the Tower of Pisa. It is 25.5 metres tall and, from the outside, looks like an 8 storey building, though inside it is actually divided into 3 storeys. The tower is located in the center of a square surrounded by Jalan Pasar, Jalan Selat,
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


status as the world's most lop-sided building: the 15th-century square Leaning Tower of Suurhusen and the 14th-century bell tower in the town of Bad Frankenhausen. "Guinness World Records" measured the Pisa and Suurhusen towers, finding the former's tilt to be 3.97 degrees. In June 2010, "Guinness World Records" certified the Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi, UAE as the "World's Furthest Leaning Man-made Tower"; it has an 18-degree slope, almost five times more than the
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Fall on Me


1998, Stipe again mentioned the apocryphal tale of Galileo Galilei dropping feathers and lead weights off the Leaning Tower of Pisa (to test the laws of gravity) as partial inspiration for the first verse:“I was reading an article in Boston when I was on tour with the Golden Palominos, and Chris Stamey showed me this article about this guy that did an experiment from the Leaning Tower of Pisa, whereby he dropped a pound of feathers and a pound of iron to prove that there was... a difference in the... density? What
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


estimated at . The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase. In 1990 the tower leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees, but following remedial work between 1993 and 2001 this was reduced to 3.97 degrees, reducing the overhang by 45 cm at a cost of £200m. It lost a further 4 cm of tilt in the two decades to 2018. There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. For
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Bonanno Pisano


Bonanno Pisano (Pisa), active in the 1170s and 1180s, was an Italian sculptor, mixing Byzantine and classical elements. Giorgio Vasari wrongly attributed the realization of the Leaning Tower of Pisa to him in his "Vite". Pisano was born in Pisa and worked there most of his life. In the 1180s, he departed for Monreale, in Sicily, where he completed the doors to the cathedral before returning to Pisa, where he died. Pisano was buried at the foot of the leaning tower, where his sarcophagus
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Ratneshwar Mahadev temple


, according to Dr. Ratnesh Varma of District Cultural Committee, it was constructed by the Amethi royal family in 1857. James Prinsep, who was an assay master at the Banaras Mint during 1820-1830, created a series of drawings, one of which includes the Ratneshwar Mahadev temple. He commented that when the temple entrance was underwater, the priest used to dive in the water to conduct worship. Photographs from 1860s do not show the building leaning. Modern photographs show a lean of about 9 degrees (the Tower of Pisa
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Pisa Baptistery


The Pisa Baptistery of St. John () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical building in Pisa, Italy. Construction started in 1152 to replace an older baptistery, and when it was completed in 1363, it became the second building, in chronological order, in the Piazza dei Miracoli, near the Duomo di Pisa and the cathedral's free-standing campanile, the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa. The baptistery was designed by Diotisalvi, whose signature can be read on two pillars inside the building, with the date 1153. The largest
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Lake Trasimeno


the southern walls, increasingly endangered because the wall's faults are enlarging. The rest of the walls are mostly demolished or have fallen down. One of the southern towers has two enormous cracks in the middle. The Vernazzano leaning tower (N43 13.210 E12 06.084), around in height, leans like the famous leaning tower of Pisa. This unique remnant of an ancient castle was built before 1089, when the Marchiones family donated the whole castle to the monastery of Città di Castello. In 1202, it fell under control of
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Abu Dhabi National Exhibitions Company


five-star hotel, which has 189 rooms. In June 2010, the Guinness World Records certified Capital Gate as the “World’s furthest leaning man-made tower.” The new record shows that the Capital Gate tower has been built to lean 18 degrees westwards; more than four times that of the world-famous Leaning Tower of Pisa. Investigation and evaluation, which was made by a Guinness appointed awards committee, started in January 2010, when the exterior of the 160-metre (524.9 ft), 35 storey tower
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Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment


Between 1589–92, the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (then professor of mathematics at the University of Pisa) is said to have dropped two spheres of different masses from the Leaning Tower of Pisa to demonstrate that their time of descent was independent of their mass, according to a biography by Galileo's pupil Vincenzo Viviani, composed in 1654 and published in 1717. According to the story, Galileo discovered through this experiment that the objects fell with the same acceleration, proving his prediction true, while at the same time disproving Aristotle's theory
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Leaning Tower of Suurhusen


churches. Originally, it was long and wide. In 1450 the church was shortened by about a quarter and the tower was built in the space. This tower currently leans at an angle of 5.19° (5° 11′), compared with 3.97° (3° 58′) for the Pisa tower after its stabilization. According to local historian Tjabbo van Lessen, the church was built in the Middle Ages in marshy land on foundations of oak tree trunks which were preserved by groundwater. When the land was drained in the
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2011–12 Connecticut Huskies women's basketball team


Hartley, Briana Banks, and Heather Buck. The team appreciated playing indoors; the temperature reached 112 degrees during the day. The next day featured a bus trip to Pisa, to visit the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa. While the tower is the most well-known, and the most pronounced lean, with the top almost 4 meters displaced from the vertical, other structures, such as the Baptistery and the Cathedral also lean to a lesser degree, due to the soft soil. On the eighth day, the team
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Leaning Tower of Suurhusen


The Leaning Tower of Suurhusen () is a late medieval steeple in Suurhusen, a village in the East Frisian region of northwestern Germany. According to the Guinness World Records it was at one time the most tilted tower in the world, though the Capital Gate tower in Abu Dhabi since claimed this record in 2010. The Suurhusen steeple remains the world's most leaning tower that is unintentionally tilted, beating the world-famous Leaning Tower of Pisa by 1.22°. The Brick Gothic church in Suurhusen is reminiscent of the old fortress
21382045
Pleurothotonus


sustained muscle contraction leading to abnormal posture, twisting, and repetitive movement. In Pisa Syndrome specifically there is commonly a tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one side, leading to a slight lean (reminiscent of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, hence the name "Pisa syndrome"). This is usually associated with a backward axial rotation of the spine and indifferent to markedly abnormal posture. Patients diagnosed with Pisa Syndrome usually experience either acute dystonia or tardive dystonia, also known as tardive dyskinesia. Differential diagnosis between the
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


tower of the cathedral in Pisa." The tower began to sink after construction had progressed to the second floor in 1178. This was due to a mere three-metre foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil, a design that was flawed from the beginning. Construction was subsequently halted for almost a century, as the Republic of Pisa was almost continually engaged in battles with Genoa, Lucca, and Florence. This allowed time for the underlying soil to settle. Otherwise, the tower would almost certainly have toppled. On
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List of Cars characters


known for its "Leaning Tower of Tires", a tower of several tires shaped like the Leaning Tower of Pisa. His assistant is an Italian forklift truck named Guido. Inside his shop are many framed pictures of World Sportscar Championship endurance racing Ferraris from various points in history. At first, Luigi and Guido do not respect Lightning McQueen when he comes to Radiator Springs (owing to the substantial havoc that he inflicted upon the town when he first arrived), because he is not a Ferrari ("Luigi follow only the
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Leaning Tower of Niles


In 1991, the village of Niles, Illinois, established a sister city pact with Pisa, Italy. A US$1.2 million renovation of the Leaning Tower of Niles was started in 1995 by Mayor Nicholas Blase and the Board of Trustees, and was completed in 1996, improving the structure, façade and the Plaza area. The Leaning Tower Plaza area now has four fountains and a 30-foot pool. Village web site and publications include images of the tower. Leaning Tower Concert Series are summertime open-air music concerts sponsored by the
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Bell tower


functioned in part as bell towers. Famous medieval European examples include Bruges (Belfry of Bruges), Ypres (Cloth Hall, Ypres), Ghent (Belfry of Ghent). Perhaps the most famous European free-standing bell tower, however, is the so-called "Leaning Tower of Pisa", which is the campanile of the Duomo di Pisa in Pisa, Italy. In 1999 thirty-two Belgian belfries were added to the UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites. In 2005 this list was extended with one
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Greyfriars, King's Lynn


referred to as 'the leaning tower of Lynn' as it leans dramatically to the west. At its worst, the lean was 67.5 centimetres - which given its height of more than 28 metres is just over 1 degree. This compares to 3.98 degrees on the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Although it is not believed to be in imminent danger of collapse, until recently it did require work to correct the lean to ensure it remains a part of the King's Lynn skyline. The tower itself was featured in the first season
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Leaning tower illusion


The leaning tower illusion is a visual illusion seen in a pair of identical images of the Leaning Tower of Pisa photographed from below. Although the images are duplicates, one has the impression that the tower on the right leans more, as if photographed from a different angle. The illusion was discovered by Frederick Kingdom, Ali Yoonessi and Elena Gheorghiu at McGill University, and won first prize in the Best Illusion of the Year Contest 2007. The authors suggest that the illusion occurs because of the way the visual system takes into account
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Pisa


Pisa (, ) is a city and "comune" in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower (the bell tower of the city's cathedral), the city of over 91,104 residents (around 200,000 with the metropolitan area) contains more than 20 other historic churches, several medieval palaces, and various bridges across the Arno. Much of the city's architecture was
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


many years, the design was attributed to Guglielmo and Bonanno Pisano, a well-known 12th-century resident artist of Pisa, known for his bronze casting, particularly in the Pisa Duomo. Pisano left Pisa in 1185 for Monreale, Sicily, only to come back and die in his home town. A piece of cast bearing his name was discovered at the foot of the tower in 1820, but this may be related to the bronze door in the façade of the cathedral that was destroyed in 1595. A 2001 study
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Phallic architecture


stories high at and before restoration work from 1990 leaned 5.5 degrees. It currently leans about 4 degrees but due to foundation problems it continues to sink about 1mm annually. The resemblance of the tower to a penis has seen the "Leaning Tower of Pisa" became a sexual slang term for a half erect penis. Local retailers have attempted to capitalize on the tower as a phallic architectural piece by making souvenirs featuring underwear with the tower resembling a penis. The Catholic Church denounced the promotion of the tower in such a manner
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Tower


the Qin Dynasty. Towers were also an important element of castles. Other well known towers include the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Pisa, Italy built from 1173 until 1372 and the Two Towers in Bologna, Italy built from 1109 until 1119. The Himalayan Towers are stone towers located chiefly in Tibet built approximately 14th to 15th century. Up to a certain height, a tower can be made with the supporting structure with parallel sides. However, above a certain height, the compressive load of the material is exceeded and the tower
2272923
List of buildings in King's Lynn


referred to as 'the leaning tower of Lynn' as it leans dramatically to the west. At its worst, the lean was 67.5 centimetres – which given its height of more than 28 metres is just over 1 degree. This compares to 3.98 degrees on the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Although it is not believed to be in imminent danger of collapse, until recently it did require work to correct the lean to ensure it remains a part of the King's Lynn skyline. This was completed by August 2006 and on 18
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Leaning tower illusion


perspective. When two identical towers rise in parallel but are viewed from below, their corresponding outlines converge in the retinal image due to perspective. The visual system normally "corrects" for the perspective distortion and as a result perceives the towers correctly, i.e. as rising in parallel. However in the case of the two identical images of the Pisa tower, the corresponding outlines of the towers do not converge but run in parallel, and as a result the towers are perceived as non-parallel, i.e. as diverging. The illusion
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Pisa


only a single month receives less than of rain. The city is characterized by mild winters and very warm summers. This transitional climate keeps Pisa from enjoying a summer devoid of rain, typical of central and southern Italy, as the summer (the driest season) experiences occasional rain showers. Rainfall peaks in the autumn. While the bell tower of the cathedral, known as "the leaning Tower of Pisa", is the most famous image of the city, it is one of many works of art and architecture in the
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Pisa


the main railway station and is located along the Tyrrhenic railway line. It connects Pisa directly with several other important Italian cities such as Rome, Florence, Genoa, Turin, Naples, Livorno, and Grosseto. "Pisa San Rossore" links the city with Lucca (20 minutes from Pisa) and Viareggio and is also reachable from "Pisa Centrale". It is a minor railway station located near the Leaning Tower zone. There was another station called Pisa Aeroporto situated next to the Airport with services to Pisa Centrale and Florence
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


understood until a research group of 16 engineers investigated. The researchers concluded that the Tower was able to withstand the tremors because of dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI): the height and stiffness of the Tower together with the softness of the foundation soil influences the vibrational characteristics of the structure in such a way that the Tower does not resonate with earthquake ground motion. The same soft soil that caused the leaning, and brought the Tower to the verge of collapse helped it survive. Two German churches have challenged the tower's
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Pisa


of a new leaning tower of glass and steel 57 meters tall, containing offices and apartments was scheduled to start in summer 2004 and take 4 years. It was designed by Dante Oscar Benini and raised criticism. Located at: Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa – Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7 – 56126 Pisa (Italia) Located at: Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, P.zza Martiri della Libertà, 33 – 56127 – Pisa (Italia) Located at: Università di Pisa – Lungarno Pacinotti, 43 – 56126 Pisa (Italia) For people born
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Province of Pisa


The Province of Pisa () is a province in the Tuscany region of central Italy. Its capital is the city of Pisa. With an area of and a total population of 421,642 (), it is the second most populous and fifth largest province of Tuscany. It is subdivided into 37 "comuni". With a history that dates to the Etruscans and Phoenicians, the province achieved considerable power and influence in the Mediterranean in the 12th and 13th centuries. Pisa, the provincial capital, is known for its Leaning Tower
6155458
Airship Industries Skyship 600


planned to take in landmarks including Big Ben, the London Eye and Tower Bridge in London, Stonehenge and the White Cliffs of Dover in England, the Eiffel Tower and Palace of Versailles in Paris, the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Pisa and the Colosseum in Rome, the Parthenon in Athens, and the Great Pyramids in Egypt. The airship made it to the island of Crete. The next leg of the journey was planned to go through Egypt. However, for reasons unexplained, the Egyptian authorities refused to grant permission for
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Huzhu Pagoda


Huzhu Pagoda () is a Chinese Pagoda located on Tianmashan Hill in the Songjiang District of Shanghai. It is known for its leaning angle, surpassing that of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The tower was built in 1079 during the Northern Song Dynasty. Originally part of a building complex that was used to store Buddhist relics, a series of damaging fires left only the tower standing. It was named a cultural relic by the Shanghai government in 1983. The pagoda is an octahedral tower with seven levels and a height of around
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Phallic architecture


its completion in 1931 until construction of the World Trade Center's North Tower was completed in 1972. After the World Trade Center was destroyed on September 11, 2001, it remained the tallest building in New York City for 13 years until the One World Trade Center was completed. Numerous people have mentioned its similarities in appearance to the phallus, with its "tall and glinting" towers. The Leaning Tower of Pisa in Pisa, Italy, dating from around 1173, has long suffered from structural problems. The tower is eight
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


December 27, 1233, the worker Benenato, son of Gerardo Bottici, oversaw the continuation of the tower's construction. On February 23, 1260, Guido Speziale, son of Giovanni Pisano, was elected to oversee the building of the tower. On April 12, 1264, the master builder Giovanni di Simone, architect of the Camposanto, and 23 workers went to the mountains close to Pisa to cut marble. The cut stones were given to Rainaldo Speziale, worker of St. Francesco. In 1272, construction resumed under Di
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


of Italy requested aid in preventing the tower from toppling. It was, however, considered important to retain the current tilt, due to the role that this element played in promoting the tourism industry of Pisa. A multinational task force of engineers, mathematicians, and historians gathered on the Azores islands to discuss stabilisation methods. It was found that the tilt was increasing in combination with the softer foundations on the lower side. Many methods were proposed to stabilise the tower, including the addition of 800 tonnes of lead counterweights to the
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


Simone. In an effort to compensate for the tilt, the engineers built upper floors with one side taller than the other. Because of this, the tower is curved. Construction was halted again in 1284 when the Pisans were defeated by the Genoans in the Battle of Meloria. The seventh floor was completed in 1319. The bell-chamber was finally added in 1372. It was built by Tommaso di Andrea Pisano, who succeeded in harmonizing the Gothic elements of the belfry with the Romanesque style of the tower. There are
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


seems to indicate Diotisalvi was the original architect, due to the time of construction and affinity with other Diotisalvi works, notably the bell tower of San Nicola and the Baptistery, both in Pisa. Construction of the tower occurred in three stages over 199 years. On January 5, 1172, Donna Berta di Bernardo, a widow and resident of the house of dell'Opera di Santa Maria, bequeathed sixty soldi to the "Opera Campanilis petrarum Sancte Marie". The sum was then used toward the purchase of a few stones which still
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Province of Pisa


of Pisa (the Leaning Tower, the cathedral and the Carovana Palace), the province has many attractions in its other towns and villages. The historic city of Volterra is noted for its cathedral, its Etruscan and Roman remains and its museums, churches and palaces. Set on the top of three hills, the medieval city of San Miniato has a cathedral, a fortress tower, two palaces and numerous old churches. The province has many villages of interest, including Vicopisano with its fortress and towers, Calci with its Charterhouse
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William Henry Goodyear


Karl Friedrichs (1831-1871). In 1869 Goodyear traveled with Friedrichs to Syria and Cyprus, then spent 1870 in Venice and Pisa where he studied the Leaning Tower of Pisa. In 1871 he married Sarah Sanford, his first of three wives, and taught at Cooper Union until 1882, when he was hired as first curator of the new Metropolitan Museum of Art. In 1888 Goodyear published a popular survey of art history, and in 1899 was appointed curator of art at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences (today
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Archimedes' screw


desirable to minimize the physical handling of fish. An Archimedes screw was used in the successful 2001 stabilization of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Small amounts of subsoil saturated by groundwater removed from far below the north side of the tower, and the weight of the tower itself corrected the lean. Archimedes screws are also used in chocolate fountains. A "screw conveyor" is an Archimedes screw contained within a tube and turned by a motor so as to deliver material from one end of the conveyor to the other. It is particularly
9041272
Poovukkul


the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the Colosseum, the Empire State Building, the Great Wall of China, the Taj Mahal, the Egyptian pyramids, and the Eiffel Tower. The death of Princess Diana had delayed filming in France for the Paris schedule. The first part of the song was shot in Paris, France. Later filming moved to Rome and Pisa in Italy. Thirdly in New York City, United States, then to Giza, Egypt, and on to Great Wall of China and lastly at Taj Mahal in India
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John Hamon


image itself was taken in 2000, when Hamon was an eighteen-year-old high-school student. Later Hamon projected the image on notable buildings (Palais de Tokyo, Palais-Royal and Bibliothèque nationale de France) and monuments (Eiffel Tower, Arc de Triomphe). Hamon has displayed the image on monuments across the world – such as the Leaning Tower of Pisa – in 33 countries and 77 cities. In April 2019 he projected his image onto the Eiffel Tower. For the most part, Hamon has acted
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Dry Doddington


brought the 14th century tower back to its former glory. The tower boasts an impressive tilt of 5.1 degrees, leaning more than the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy which is now tilted at 3.97 degrees. The church contains a memorial to a No. 49 Squadron RAF Avro Lancaster that crashed near the village on 26 November 1944. The aircraft, called 'O-Oboe', was piloted by F/O Le Marquand (PB432). It had only been in the air for a few minutes before it crashed,
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Suurhusen


Suurhusen is a village north of Emden in the German region of East Frisia. It has about 1200 inhabitants and is administered by the municipality of Hinte. The steeple of the Suurhusen church, inclined at an angle of 5.19 degrees, is the most leaning tower of the world, beating the world-famous Leaning Tower of Pisa by 1.22 degrees. The settlement was first mentioned in documents from 1255 and in former times was also called "Zuiderhusen" ("Southern Husen"), most likely due to close proximity of "
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Pisa Griffin


who even still secretly reject the doctrines of the Koran". Debate about the place and date of its creation continues to the present day. In Pisa the griffin joined other trophy pieces of prestigious bronze sculpture displayed at the heart of the civic space, like (later) the Horses of St Mark and the lion on a column in the Piazzetta in Venice. In Pisa it forms a part of probably the most famous ensemble of Romanesque architecture in Italy in the "Piazza dei Miracoli", looking at the Leaning Tower of
11198617
A Hound for Trouble


tries to convince the owner that they need a 'floor show' (singing "Atsa Matta for You?"). The owner finally appears to relent and starts walking Charlie home when he yells that the Tower of Pisa (which Charlie, being unfamiliar with the monument, does not realize is perpetually leaning) is "about to fall on that little house!" The owner then has Charlie hold up the tower while he 'calls for help' (instead just going back to his restaurant). Charlie is left
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Poreč


is called the "Maestral". The Baredine Cave, the only open geological monument in Istria, is in the vicinity. Stalagmites in the cave are known for their curious shapes. One is said to resemble the Virgin Mary, another the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Lim Bay is a 12-km long estuary with the aspect of a narrow canal, created by the river Pazinčica by eroding the ground on its way to the Adriatic Sea. Quartz boulders are occasionally found here, exposed by the sea. The landscape is rich in
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Falconcity of Wonders


Small Pyramid SAAMVega will host commercial services. It composes of 9 floors that feature business centers, apartments and offices. Taj Arabia is inspired by the historical Taj Mahal. Featuring more than 300 rooms, Taj Arabia is a luxury 6-star hotel that is designed to be the wedding destination of the world. The Leaning Tower of Dubai is inspired from the Italy’s Wonder; the Leaning Tower of Pisa. It features spacious and hotel apartments located at the center of the Town of Venice, where it is surrounded by retail shops and
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Minaret of Anah


inscriptions and other elements of the building. It was originally built on the island of Labad on the Euphrates river by the Uqaylid dynasty of Mosul. The architectural style was notably different from the other Abbasid era minarets. The tower reached the height of approximately and consists of eight levels. It had square shaped platform and 64 niches on the octagonal frame. It was slightly leaning, although the angle was less compared to the Leaning Tower of Pisa. In the mid-80s, the late president Saddam Hussein inaugurated several dams in Euphrates river
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Robert Howard (royalist)


brother William (1600–1672) were made Knights of the Bath. Howard had to leave the House of Commons in 1642 after killing the king's commissioner of array, but he did attend the session of parliament held at Oxford in 1641. Howard is said to have led a regiment of dragoons and was in charge of Bridgnorth Castle when it was surrendered to the Parliamentarians in 1646. The three-week siege left the castle tower leaning more than the Tower of Pisa. Howard was again fined. This time he had to pay
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Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment


of objects from the top of a tower. If we assume heavier objects do indeed fall faster than lighter ones (and conversely, lighter objects fall slower), the string will soon pull taut as the lighter object retards the fall of the heavier object. But the system considered as a whole is "heavier" than the heavy object alone, and therefore should fall "faster". This contradiction leads one to conclude the assumption is false. A similar experiment took place some years earlier in Delft in the Netherlands, when
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Piazza dei Miracoli


, commonly known as the Leaning Tower of Pisa, is located behind the cathedral. The last of the three major buildings on the piazza to be built, construction of the bell tower began in 1173 and took place in three stages over the course of 177 years, with the bell-chamber only added in 1372. Five years after construction began, when the building had reached the third floor level, the weak subsoil and poor foundation led to the building sinking on its south side. The building was left for a century
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Interbang


Interbang‽ was an Italian television series created by Paul Casalini which prominently featured the interbang or interrobang symbol (‽), a combination of the exclamation point and the question mark. In Italy it was broadcast on Odeon TV. In the UK the show was broadcast on The Children's Channel in the late 1980s and on the Terrestrial Channel ITV. The series featured two teenagers, Gianni and Bruno, who were trying to collect a number of special souvenir statues of the Pisa Leaning Tower, scattered all across the world, whilst trying
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World Monuments Fund


and attract local support to complement funds provided by donors. The "International Fund for Monuments" (IFM) was an organization created by Colonel James A. Gray (1909–1994) after his retirement from the U.S. Army in 1960. Gray had conceived of a visionary project to arrest the settlement of the Leaning Tower of Pisa by freezing the soil underneath, and formed the organization in 1965 as a vehicle for the implementation of this idea. Even though this project did not materialize, an opportunity arose for the young organization to participate in
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The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex


back. They accidentally meet with their cousins and the reunion begins early. Evil Alex shrinks and imprisons Max, Jerry, and Theresa with the help of another anonymous wizard, who is later revealed to be Dominic. Harper and Alex follow them to the Leaning Tower of Pisa, where Harper is also captured. Dominic wants to take over the world by using Alex's magic to capture all mortals in tiny beads through a spell replicator installed at the top of the tower. When she refuses, Evil Alex goes to capture Mason
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Bombon, Camarines Sur


the Provincial Engineer of Albay. Jose Jr now resides in Scottsdale AZ. He had also two daughters, Irene Buenagua Fernandez and Lydia Buenagua Guerrero, both retired teachers, and three other sons, Salvador, Melchor, and Diogenes Buenagua who are all still residing in Bombon. The acquired independence continued permanently and it served well its constituents. The Leaning Bell Tower, dubbed as the country's own version of Italy 's Leaning Tower of Pisa, found in this municipality serves as a major historical attraction. Bombon is politically subdivided into
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Niles, Illinois


the Village of Niles at no charge to riders. The Free Bus runs continually from 6:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on weekdays, and 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. on weekends. The buses stop at all major shopping centers, public facilities, and within a short distance of every residence. Major highways in Niles include: US Highways Illinois Highways A notable landmark and point of pride among Niles' residents is the Leaning Tower of Niles, a smaller-scale replica of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. This landmark is seen in the
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Wizards of Waverly Place


carefree wizard, Alex inadvertently casts a spell that creates two versions of her with differing personalities: an evil version of Alex that ends up involved in another wizard's (Dominic) plan for world domination, and a good version who upon discovering the wizard's plan, tries to find a way to save her family and mankind, leading to a literal battle between good and evil atop the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The film is titled "The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex" and premiered on March 15, 2013.
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


path of the tower were vacated for safety. The solution chosen to prevent the collapse of the tower was to slightly straighten it to a safer angle by removing of soil from underneath the raised end. The tower was straightened by , returning to its 1838 position. After a decade of corrective reconstruction and stabilization efforts, the tower was reopened to the public on December 15, 2001 and was declared stable for at least another 300 years. In total, of earth were removed. After a phase (1990–2001) of structural strengthening
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


, the tower is currently undergoing gradual surface restoration in order to repair visible damage, mostly corrosion and blackening. These are particularly pronounced due to the tower's age and its exposure to wind and rain. In May 2008, engineers announced that the tower had been stabilized such that it had stopped moving for the first time in its history. They stated that it would be stable for at least 200 years. At least four strong earthquakes hit the region since 1280, but the apparently vulnerable Tower survived. The reason was not
3071449
Frida ensam


become the mother of someone who measures 2.02 in the buff? -- When he's had his say, that's the way it is. When he's wrong he's right anyway. -- Before you answer just make sure you can handle these children also known as men." The hand-painted sleeve was deemed by one journalist to be "so sensual, it could make the Leaning Tower of Pisa stand to attention." "Frida ensam" was a huge success in Sweden topping the album charts for six weeks
19175209
Pedro Friedeberg


. Once a servant took him in secret to a church to be baptized. He says because of these experiences, he has seven religions, one for each day of the week. As a child he express an interest in art early. His mother said that when he was two he liked to sit in front of the Santa María Novella Church in Florence and try to draw it. In his youth he was captivated by the Renaissance architecture of the churches and the Leaning Tower of Pisa. When he was older, he
9007101
Pilgrim Monument


controversial because of its lack of any obvious relevance to the Pilgrim Fathers. One Boston architect derided it, saying "If all they want is an architectural curiosity, then why not select the Leaning Tower of Pisa and be done with it?" It was also noted that Boston itself already had a copy of the same tower; Boston's fire tower. The fire tower is made of brick like the Italian original, was built in 1892 by Edmund March Wheelwright, is tall, was originally designed as part of the central
18483072
Superman III


Vera, disguised as Army officers, give Superman the flawed Kryptonite, which has no immediate effect. But Superman soon becomes selfish; his desire for Lana causes him to delay rescuing a truck driver from a jackknifed rig hanging from a bridge. Superman becomes depressed and regresses into committing petty acts of vandalism such as straightening the Leaning Tower of Pisa, and blowing out the Olympic Flame. Gus, feeling used, gives Ross crude plans for a supercomputer and Ross agrees to build it in return for Gus creating an oil embargo by
804499
History of physics


for his treatise on the center of gravity of solid bodies. While teaching at the University of Pisa (1589–92), he initiated his experiments concerning the laws of bodies in motion that brought results so contradictory to the accepted teachings of Aristotle that strong antagonism was aroused. He found that bodies do not fall with velocities proportional to their weights. The famous story in which Galileo is said to have dropped weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa is apocryphal, but he did find that the path of a projectile is a parabola and
13701061
Royal Victoria Hotel, Pisa


graduated from the University of London. While working in London for some years he was introduced to the wealthy travellers going to Italy and began to organise their holidays in Tuscany, renting villas for them. He soon became convinced that it was an opportune time to open a hotel that would meet international standards and that Pisa would be the perfect place for a hotel, having the university, leaning tower, the first railway in Tuscany, the climate and proximity to the sea. By the 1860s the hotel was well known to tourists
5140038
David Copperfield (illusionist)


can help disabled people. In 2007, he organized and performed at a charity show for UNICEF in Los Angeles, along with a number of celebrity guests. During the show, he used his ex-Orson Welles Buzz Saw illusion to saw British TV presenter Cat Deeley in half. Copperfield holds 11 Guinness World Records, including: Copperfield declared that among the new illusions he plans to create, he wants to put a woman's face on Mount Rushmore, straighten the Leaning Tower of Pisa and even vanish the moon. He
2689852
Leaning Tower of Pisa


War II, the Allies suspected that the Germans were using the tower as an observation post. A U.S. Army sergeant sent to confirm the presence of German troops in the tower was impressed by the beauty of the cathedral and its campanile, and thus refrained from ordering an artillery strike, sparing it from destruction. Numerous efforts have been made to restore the tower to a vertical orientation or at least keep it from falling over. Most of these efforts failed; some worsened the tilt. On February 27, 1964, the government
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


raised end of the base. The tower and the neighbouring cathedral, baptistery, and cemetery are included in the Piazza del Duomo UNESCO World Heritage Site, which was declared in 1987. The tower was closed to the public on January 7, 1990, after more than two decades of stabilisation studies and spurred by the abrupt collapse of the Civic Tower of Pavia in 1989. The bells were removed to relieve some weight, and cables were cinched around the third level and anchored several hundred meters away. Apartments and houses in the
3071447
Drop tube


(the drag shield) for which, due to its weight, during its fall the reduction of acceleration due to air drag is less. Though the story may be apocryphal, Galileo is popularly thought to have used the Leaning Tower of Pisa as a drop tower to demonstrate that falling bodies accelerate at the same constant rate regardless of their mass. Drop towers called shot towers were once useful for making lead shot. A short period of weightlessness allows molten lead to solidify into a quasi-perfect sphere by the time it reaches
7982021
Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower


Venice, the latter having served as the inspiration for Sather Tower at University of California, Berkeley. The final design is thought to have been inspired by Torre del Mangia which is of similar design but for the clock being placed towards the bottom of the tower. David Lodge's novel "Changing Places" tells the story of exchange of professors between the universities of Rummidge and Euphoric State, Plotinus (thinly disguised fictional versions of Birmingham and Berkeley), which in the book both have replicas of the Leaning Tower of Pisa on
8690629
Dwarf gallery


places in the German Rhineland. Several of Cologne's twelve Romanesque churches feature dwarf galleries, as well as important Rhineland churches like Mainz Cathedral, Worms Cathedral and Bonn Minster. In Italy, dwarf galleries appear at churches in the central and northern regions of the country. Examples are "Santa Maria della Pieve" in Arezzo, Modena Cathedral, Pistoia Cathedral, San Donato in Genoa and Pisa Cathedral. The famous Leaning Tower of Pisa could be described as having six rings of dwarf galleries. In France, simple dwarf galleries are
3313541
Nombre de Dios Grottoes


, such as zinc, iron, and sulfur have accumulated in walls. Over the course of 5 Million years, extended periods of water seepage have caused the formation of countless and often very illustrious speleotherms (Stalagmites and Stalactites). Some are bizarrely recognizable and as in many other places, these have been popularly named, like the "La Torre de Pisa" (Leaning Tower of Pisa) and "El Quixote", a stalagmite shape that resembles the side view portrait of Miguel de Cervantes' famous novel character Don Quixote
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


form the base of the bell tower. On August 9, 1173, the foundations of the tower were laid. Work on the ground floor of the white marble campanile began on August 14 of the same year during a period of military success and prosperity. This ground floor is a blind arcade articulated by engaged columns with classical Corinthian capitals. Nearly four centuries later Giorgio Vasari wrote: "Guglielmo, according to what is being said, in [this] year 1174 with Bonanno as sculptor, laid the foundations of the bell
3071440
B of the Bang


B of the Bang was a sculpture by Thomas Heatherwick next to the City of Manchester Stadium in Manchester, England, which was commissioned to mark the 2002 Commonwealth Games; it was one of the tallest structures in Manchester and the tallest sculpture in the UK until the completion of "Aspire" in 2008. It was taller and leaned at a greater angle than the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The sculpture took its name from a quotation of British sprinter Linford Christie, in which he said that he started his races not merely at
14537009
B of the Bang


firework and was taller and leaned at a greater angle than the Leaning Tower of Pisa. It was commissioned by New East Manchester Limited to commemorate the 2002 Commonwealth Games. The design was selected by a panel consisting of both local residents and art experts via a competition in 2002 and was designed by Thomas Heatherwick. The sculpture was constructed in Sheffield by Thomas Heatherwick Studio, Packman Lucas, Flint and Neill and Westbury Structures. It was approved at the start of 2003, with the central core arriving in Manchester on 13 June 2004
14537015
Roberto Floriano


a unified Serie C since it was split into two divisions in 1978. In July 2014 he was signed by Lega Pro Prima Divisione club Barletta. On 2 January 2015 he has been presented as a new player of A.C. Pisa 1909. The player signed a contract that will keep him under the leaning tower of Pisa until 30 June 2018. On 27 June 2015 he was signed by Foggia for an undisclosed fee. But in the following year, he left for Carrarese on a temporary deal. On June 2018 he was signed
16253584
Carlo Antonio Dal Pozzo


Carlo Antonio Dal Pozzo (1547–1607) was an Italian prelate, who was archbishop metropolitan of the Pisa Diocese. He came from the noble family of "Dal Pozzo Della Cisterna" of Biella. He was the uncle of Cassiano dal Pozzo. Between his many works, he ordered to build the homonym chapel in the Camposanto Monumentale in Pisa (1594), he made the Collegio Puteano to host some students from Piedmont (1605) and he made cast the homonym bell in the leaning tower (1606). A portrait bust
8613328
The Landmark Hotel and Casino


local retailers and resorts. In December 1965, architect Gerald Moffitt said the Landmark's design had gone through many revisions and that his design plans had been impounded by a court; a spokesman said there were no plans to resume construction in the near future. It was estimated that an additional six months was needed to complete the tower. The unfinished tower became an eyesore for visitors to the nearby convention center. During its vacancy, people noted that the building appeared to be tilted, similar to the Leaning Tower of Pisa;
11515061
St Chad's Church, Wybunbury


by a church designed by James Brooks, which in turn was demolished around 1976. The tower was saved from demolition by a group of villagers who formed the Wybunbury Tower Preservation Trust. The technique used by Trubshaw formed the basis of the method used in the 1990s to stabilise the Leaning Tower of Pisa. As at least five and possibly more churches on this site have become unsafe and been demolished due to ground movement; the replacement church was built in 1978 on a site elsewhere in the village and contains several items from previous
21983988
It's a Small World


decorated with topiary backed by a large, flat facade with stylized cutout turrets, towers and minarets which are vaguely reminiscent of world landmarks (such as the Eiffel Tower and the Leaning Tower of Pisa). The facade was designed by Disney Imagineer Rolly Crump, who was inspired by Mary Blair's styling. Walt Disney asked Rolly to design a large 30-foot clock, a central feature of the exterior facade, with a smiling face that rocks back and forth to a ticking sound. A parade of wooden dolls in native culture costumes
4665186
Italy


paintings decorated all their churches. The first significant buildings in the medieval Romanesque style were churches built in Italy during the 800's. Byzantine architecture was also widely diffused in Italy. The Byzantines kept Roman principles of architecture and art alive, and the most famous structure from this period is the Basilica of St. Mark in Venice. The Romanesque movement, which went from approximately 800 AD to 1100 AD, was one of the most fruitful and creative periods in Italian architecture, when several masterpieces, such as the Leaning Tower of Pisa
14705435
Genoa–Pisa railway


have housed a new electronic control centre, which was subsequently moved to another location, the remains of an ancient Roman port were found. The famous Piazza dei Miracoli, with its leaning tower is not far away. A shed that housed the royal train when the Italian king resided at the San Rossore estate still exists to the north of the station. It is now used for the storage of material for the railway equipment factory of the CEMES company. The railway viaduct over the Arno comes shortly before the end of the line
19678179
Novelty architecture


; the Alphabet Tower ( high), celebrating Georgian script and writing; "Piazza", a mixed-used development in the form of an Italian piazza; and buildings designed in the style of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the Acropolis, and an upside-down White House. In China, the New South China Mall in Dongguan, features a replica of the Arc de Triomphe, another replica of Venice's St Mark's Campanile, a canal with gondolas, and a 553-meter indoor-outdoor roller coaster. In
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Leaning Tower of Pisa


during construction in the 12th century, due to soft ground on one side, which was unable to properly support the structure's weight. The tilt increased in the decades before the structure was completed in the 14th century. It gradually increased until the structure was stabilized (and the tilt partially corrected) by efforts in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The height of the tower is from the ground on the low side and on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is . Its weight is
3071436
DelGrosso's Amusement Park


park's existing waterpark amenities of a new wave pool, lazy river, and a variety of water features including a scale version of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, and tipping buckets and vases. The Laguna Splash Water Park also features 12 Cabanas that can be rented on a daily basis when the water park is in operation. The water park is open seven days a week, typically 11 AM to 7 PM from approximately the end of May to mid-September. The park resides on both sides of Old Route 220 with
16746976
Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment


of gravity (which states that objects fall at speed proportional to their mass). Most historians consider it to have been a thought experiment rather than a physical test as there is little evidence that it actually took place. At the time when Viviani asserts that the experiment took place, Galileo had not yet formulated the final version of his law of free fall. He had, however, formulated an earlier version which predicted that bodies "of the same material" falling through the same medium would fall at the same speed.
19697103
Leaning Tower of Pisa


to announce executions of criminals and traitors, including Count Ugolino in 1289. A new bell was installed in the bell tower at the end of the 18th century to replace the broken "Pasquareccia". The circular shape and great height (currently on the lowest side and m on the highest) of the campanile were unusual for their time, and the crowning belfry is stylistically distinct from the rest of the construction. This belfry incorporates a correction for the inclined axis below. The siting of the campanile within the Piazza del Duomo
3071453
Diotisalvi


the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa (1173) to magister Diotisalvi. The shape, the construction, the affinity with the belltower of St. Nicholas all bring to the mind the work of Diotisalvi. Like the Baptistery the tower wasn't completed by him, maybe, just like the Baptistery, was Giovanni Pisano the last architect. That should explain why there is no pyramidal roof like all the other buildings. Many of his works have some defects in common: the church of Holy Sepulchre, the belltower of St. Nicholas and the
9322925
Tim Traveller


In the 2003 Beano annual, his strip was drawn by Richard Elson. Tim Traveller would use his bicycle to travel back and forth between time, encountering all sorts of crazy mishaps, occasionally getting in so much trouble he had to rush back to the present day to avoid it. Some of his trips resulted in him causing or learning the truth about various historical mysteries, such as why the Leaning Tower of Pisa leaned (It fell over in an earthquake and Tim only managed to partly pull it back into position) or
14481897
Banská Bystrica


income tax of persons (437 million korunas in 2006). Most of the historical monuments are concentrated near its central, picturesque SNP Square (), which teems with flowers and street cafes in the summer. The square is named after the Slovak National Uprising. It is dominated by a clock tower built in 1552. Although less known than its famous counterpart in Pisa, it is a leaning tower with the top off the perpendicular. A plague column (Slovak: "Morový stĺp") was erected in the square in
1429561
Peperbus


, namely the Peperbus. No more complete is Pisa without its Leaning Tower, Egypt without its Sphinx, or Babel without its Tower, than Fraserburg without its Peperbus." To the passing outsider, the structure seems to be of little note, but the attentive visitor with an eye for the unusual can find much of interest that later draws them in. The Peperbus is a hexagonal stone building, around 28 feet high. It stands in the middle of town in the marketplace on a widened stone foundation. Opposite the door
17661970
San Nicola, Pisa


church without walking in the streets. The octangular bell tower, the second most famous in the city after the Leaning Tower, most likely dates to 1170. There is no proof, but, as in the case of its other more famous counterpart, the architect seems to be Diotisalvi. Originally it was separated from the nearby buildings. It is also slightly tilting; the base is under the current street level. The lower part starts at the top of each side with blind arches including lozenges. The bell has instead a
21264478
Santa Caterina (Livorno)


Church of Saint Caterina () is a baroque church located in the centre of Livorno, in the district of New Venice. Its dome is high making it higher than the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The church was built from 1720 to 1753 according to Giovanni Del Fantasia's project. The church opened to public in 1753 even if the facade was incomplete. Perhaps the bell tower was designed by Ferdinando Fuga. The church has an octagonal plan and a few side chapels. The dome is completely frescoed by Cesare Maffei, making
21958917
Gerard Behar Center


, the painting depicts world landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower and Arc de Triomphe in Paris, the Walls of Jerusalem and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, the pyramids of Egypt, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, bridges in London, and sights in India, with people and animals of all kinds walking along the streets and bridges below. The mural was produced by Cité de la Creation, which painted five "trompe-l'œil" murals in downtown Jerusalem. On the sidewalk across the street from the mural stand five
9010776
Civilization Revolution


and several others; new wonders include the Tower of Babel, the Leaning Tower of Pisa and several others which can be utilized in game like any other wonder. On February 4, 2008 2K Games and Firaxis announced that the Wii version of "Civilization Revolution" was put on indefinite hold due to lack of manpower and no PlayStation 2 or PlayStation Portable editions of the game to share assets with. Firaxis programmer Scott Lewis explained, "CivRev was originally a Xbox 360/PlayStation 3 project and was in development for over
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