what is the purpose of packages in java
Java Platform, Standard Edition


every source file. The package provides more flexible types of references than are otherwise available, permitting limited interaction between the application and the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) garbage collector. It is an important package, central enough to the language for the language designers to give it a name that starts with "java.lang", but it is somewhat special-purpose and not used by a lot of developers. This package was added in J2SE 1.2. Java has an expressive system of references and allows for special behavior for garbage collection
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Judoscript


Judoscript is one of several general purpose programming languages designed primarily for scripting on the Java platform. Its originator and primary developer is software engineer James Jianbo Huang. Judoscript was one of the first general purpose scripting languages designed specifically for use with the Java platform. James Jianbo Huang originated Judoscript initially as a collection of several separate packages, libraries and Domain specific languages that he originated for use with the Java platform in J2EE Enterprise applications. Huang designed Judoscript to provide a globally simple and intuitive scripting framework capable of leveraging the full suite
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Java logging framework


A Java logging framework is a computer data logging package for the Java platform. Logging refers to the recording of activity. Logging is a common issue for development teams. Several frameworks ease and standardize the process of logging for the Java platform. This article covers general purpose logging frameworks. Logging is broken into three major pieces: the Logger, Formatter and the Handler (Appender). The Logger is responsible for capturing the message to be logged along with certain metadata and passing it to the logging framework. After receiving the message
12758998
Yoix


In computer programming, Yoix is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. The Yoix interpreter is implemented using standard Java technology without any add-on packages and requires only a Sun-compliant JVM to operate. Initially developed by AT&T Labs researchers for internal use, it has been available as free and open source software since late 2000. In 1998, Java technology was still emerging: the Swing toolkit was an add-on package; interruptible I/O, regular expressions, and a
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Java Platform Module System


Java 9 include the following JEPs and JSR (Java Specification Request): Additionally, several other JDK 9 features have been added to ease transition to the module system: Modules are a new way of grouping code and data. Contrary to Jar files, modules explicitly declare which modules they depend on, and what packages they export. For example, the following module declaration declares that the module "com.foo.bar" depends on another "com.foo.baz" module, and exports the following packages: "com.foo.bar.alpha" and "com.foo.bar.beta": Contrary
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Java packager


The Java Packager tool is a tool included in the JDK which allows to package Java applications from the command line. It is an alternative to using other packaging tools like Apache Ant. Note that the Java Packager does not automatically produce a Jar file. Many other formats are available, including native executable formats for the platform. The Java Packager tool will evolve for JDK 9, making it aware of modules, allowing for example to package a module and all the modules it depends on. For example, the following command will
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QuickTime for Java


which is the purpose of the package naming convention. It is important to remember that QTJ is not a Java implementation of QuickTime, it is a Java "wrapper" around native QuickTime calls. For this reason, it can only run on systems that have the QuickTime libraries installed, namely the classic Mac OS (which is no longer supported), Mac OS X, and Windows. QTJ offers access to most of the native QuickTime library, including As a wrapper around QuickTime, QTJ also inherits support for a vast collection
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Java package


A Java package organizes Java classes into namespaces, providing a unique namespace for each type it contains. Classes in the same package can access each other's package-private and protected members. Java packages can be stored in compressed files called JAR files, allowing classes to be downloaded faster as groups rather than individually. In general, a package can contain the following kinds of types: classes, interfaces, enumerations, and annotation types. A package allows a developer to group classes (and interfaces) together. These classes will
8170609
Java package


name cannot be directly used as a package name are described in section 7.7 of the Java Language Specification. The java.lang package is available without the use of an import statement. In Java 9, "modules", a kind of collection of packages, are planned as part of Project Jigsaw; these were earlier called "superpackages" and originally planned for Java 7. Modules will describe their dependencies in a module declaration which will be placed in a file named "module-info.java" at the root of the module’s source-
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Java (programming language)


of the platforms. The platforms are: The classes in the Java APIs are organized into separate groups called packages. Each package contains a set of related interfaces, classes, and exceptions. Refer to the separate platforms for a description of the packages available. Sun also provided an edition called Personal Java that has been superseded by later, standards-based Java ME configuration-profile pairings. One design goal of Java is portability, which means that programs written for the Java platform must run similarly on any combination of hardware and
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Access modifiers


Access modifiers (or access specifiers) are keywords in object-oriented languages that set the accessibility of classes, methods, and other members. Access modifiers are a specific part of programming language syntax used to facilitate the encapsulation of components. In C++, there are only three access modifiers. C# extends the number of them to six, while Java has four access modifiers, but three keywords for this purpose. In Java, having no keyword before defaults to the package-private modifier. When a class is declared as
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Scope (computer science)


ML, that combine this with the additional purpose of allowing some identifiers to be visible only to other members of their group. And object-oriented languages often allow classes or singleton objects to fulfill this purpose (whether or not they "also" have a mechanism for which this is the primary purpose). Furthermore, languages often meld these approaches; for example, Perl's packages are largely similar to C++'s namespaces, but optionally double as classes for object-oriented programming; and Java organizes its variables and functions into
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Interface-based programming


Interface-based programming, also known as interface-based architecture, is an architectural pattern for implementing modular programming at the component level in an object-oriented programming language which does not have a module system. An example of such a language is Java, which (), does not have a module system at the level of components. Java has a "package" system, but Java software components typically consist of multiple Java packages and in any case, interface programming can provide advantages over merely using Java packages, even
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Java package


all be related in some way – they might all have to do with a specific application or perform a specific set of tasks. Programmers also typically use packages to organize classes belonging to the same category or providing similar functionality. In a Java source file, the package that this file's class or classes belong to is specified with the codice_1 keyword. This keyword is usually the first keyword in the source file. At most one package declaration can appear in a source file. To use a package's classes inside a Java
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Java Platform, Standard Edition


access to the system tray on supporting systems. This package, along with codice_81 contains the largest number of enums (7 in all) in JDK 6. The package provides Java remote method invocation to support remote procedure calls between two java applications running in different JVMs. Support for security, including the message digest algorithm, is included in the package. An implementation of the JDBC API (used to access SQL databases) is grouped into the package. The package provides the support for the remote communication between applications, using the
20381141
Java syntax


the codice_13 method. There can be more than one class with a codice_13 method, but the main class is always defined externally (for example, in a manifest file). The method must be codice_16 and is passed command-line arguments as an array of strings. Unlike C++ or C#, it never returns a value and must return codice_17. Packages are a part of a class name and they are used to group and/or distinguish named entities from other ones. Another purpose of packages is to govern code access together
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Manifest file


file containing a manifest file. The primary purpose is to enumerate the files which are included in the distribution, either for processing by various packaging tools or for human consumption. Manifests may contain additional information; for example, in JAR (a package format for delivering software written in Java programming language), they can specify a version number and an entry point for execution. The manifest may optionally contain a cryptographic hash or checksum of each file. By creating a cryptographic signature for such a manifest file, the entire contents of
9399651
Namespace


Like C++, Java offers a construct that makes it unnecessary to type the package name (codice_20). However, certain features (such as reflection) require the programmer to use the fully qualified name. Unlike C++, namespaces in Java are not hierarchical as far as the syntax of the language is concerned. However, packages are named in a hierarchical manner. For example, all packages beginning with codice_21 are a part of the Java platform—the package contains classes core to the language, and contains core classes specifically relating
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JavaFX


packaging option called Native Packaging, allowing packaging of an application as a "native bundle". This gives users a way to install and run an application without any external dependencies on a system JRE or FX SDK. As of Oracle Java SE 7 update 6 and Java FX 2.2, JavaFX is bundled to be installed with Oracle Java SE platform. JavaFX is now part of the JRE/JDK for Java 8 (released on March 18, 2014) and has the same numbering, i.e., JavaFX 8. JavaFX 8 adds
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Java package


package declaration, your class ends up in an unnamed package. Classes in an unnamed package cannot be imported by classes in any other package. The official Java Tutorial advises against this: Public members and classes are visible everywhere and private members are visible only in the same class. Classes within a package can access classes and members declared with "default" ("package-private") access as well as class members declared with the "codice_6" access modifier. Default (package-private) access is enforced when
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Java-gnome


for the java-gnome project. Java-gnome uses Java programming language and Java based class system for creation of GUI parts. Each implemented package has a different function; packages used in version 4.0 are: GTK - The widget toolkit itself. GDK - Contains low level drawing primitives. The majority of drawing is done by Cairo. Glib and Gobject - Containers for the rest of infrastructure that allow the use of OOP. Pango - Text layout engine. ATK - Accesibility toolkit that allows extra control with computer controls. GtkSourceView
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Oracle Corporation


which was based on Java, and contained a mix of 37 copied Java packages and new packages developed by Google. In 2010, Oracle sued Google for copyright infringement for the use of the 37 Java packages. The case was handled in U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California and assigned to Judge William H. Alsup (who taught himself how to code computers). In the lawsuit, Oracle sought between $1.4 billion and $6.1 billion. In June 2011 the judge had to force Google through a judicial order to
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Java package


tells the jar command to "create new archive." The ' f ' option tells it to create a file. The file's name comes next before the contents of the JAR file. Packages are usually defined using a hierarchical naming pattern, with some levels in the hierarchy separated by periods (codice_11, pronounced "dot"). Although packages lower in the naming hierarchy are often referred to as "subpackages" of the corresponding packages higher in the hierarchy, there is almost no semantic relationship between packages. The Java
8170614
Namespace


the global namespace. However the use of the codice_15 directive for reasons other than backwards compatibility (e.g., convenience) is considered to be against good code practices. In Java, the idea of a namespace is embodied in Java packages. All code belongs to a package, although that package need not be explicitly named. Code from other packages is accessed by prefixing the package name before the appropriate identifier, for example codice_17 in codice_18 can be referred to as codice_19 (this is known as the fully qualified class name).
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Comparison of C Sharp and Java


Language Integrated Query (LINQ). In C#, namespaces are similar to those in C++. Unlike package names in Java, a namespace is not in any way tied to the location of the source file. While it is not strictly necessary for a Java source file location to mirror its package directory structure, it is the conventional organization. Both languages allow importing of classes (e.g., import java.util.* in Java), allowing a class to be referenced using only its name. Sometimes classes with the same name
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Java annotation


can look for the metadata to determine how to interact with the program elements or change their behavior. In addition to processing an annotation using an annotation processor, a Java programmer can write their own code that uses reflections to process the annotation. Java SE 5 supports a new interface that is defined in the codice_24 package. This package contains the interface called codice_25 that is implemented by the Java reflection classes including codice_26, codice_27, codice_28, codice_29, and codice_30. The implementations of this interface are used to represent an annotated element
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JAR (file format)


that do not match the signature. It can also support 'sealed' packages, in which the Classloader will only permit Java classes to be loaded into the same package if they are all signed by the same entities. This prevents malicious code from being inserted into an existing package, and so gaining access to package-scoped classes and data. The content of JAR files may be obfuscated to make reverse engineering more difficult. An executable Java program can be packaged in a JAR file, along with any libraries the program uses
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Modular programming


pattern to construct modules is known as interface-based programming . The term assembly (as in .NET languages like C#, F# or Visual Basic .NET) or package (as in Dart, Go or Java) is sometimes used instead of module. In other implementations, this is a distinct concept; in Python a package is a collection of modules, while in Java 9 the introduction of the new module concept (a collection of packages with enhanced access control) is planned. Furthermore, the term "package"
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Java TV


Java TV is a Java-based software framework designed for use on TV set-top boxes, based on components called Xlets. It is currently used only on the Connected Device Configuration, specifically for iTV applications development. The API includes the Xlet classes in the package javax.tv.xlet. Other packages of the public API include While the framework is general, Sun currently provides support only on Java ME. For some subjects, such as media locators, it is in effect superseded by other locator standards on platforms such as BD-J.
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Java Classloader


Three ways JAR hell can occur are: The OSGi Alliance specified (starting as JSR 8 in 1998) a modularity framework that aims to solve JAR hell for current and future VMs in ME, SE, and EE that is widely adopted. Using metadata in the JAR manifest, JAR files (called bundles) are wired on a per-package basis. Bundles can export packages, import packages and keep packages private, providing the basic constructs of modularity and versioned dependency management. To remedy the JAR hell problems, a Java
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Java servlet


package hierarchy , defines the expected interactions of the web container and a servlet. A is an object that receives a request and generates a response based on that request. The basic Servlet package defines Java objects to represent servlet requests and responses, as well as objects to reflect the servlet's configuration parameters and execution environment. The package defines HTTP-specific subclasses of the generic servlet elements, including session management objects that track multiple requests and responses between the web server and a client. Servlets may be packaged in a WAR file
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Java annotation


In the Java computer programming language, an annotation is a form of syntactic metadata that can be added to Java source code. Classes, methods, variables, parameters and Java packages may be annotated. Like Javadoc tags, Java annotations can be read from source files. Unlike Javadoc tags, Java annotations can also be embedded in and read from Java class files generated by the Java compiler. This allows annotations to be retained by the Java virtual machine at run-time and read via reflection. It is possible to create meta
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Java Platform, Standard Edition


and installed on a computer to run or develop Java programs, respectively. The Java package contains fundamental classes and interfaces closely tied to the language and runtime system. This includes the root classes that form the class hierarchy, types tied to the language definition, basic exceptions, math functions, threading, security functions, as well as some information on the underlying native system. This package contains 22 of 32 codice_1 classes provided in JDK 6. The main classes and interfaces in codice_2 are: Classes in codice_2 are automatically imported into
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Oracle America, Inc. v. Google, Inc.


"It It is undisputed that Google copied verbatim the declaring code of the 37 Java API packages 11,500 lines of Oracle’s copyrighted code. It also copied the SSO of the Java API packages. (Decision p.10)" It is also established and Google recognizes that the software copied is creative and original. The Court found that as a matter of law, Google's use of Java could not have fallen within fair use, even if all factual matters decided by the jury had been in Google's favor. The Appeals Court
2930222
Java syntax


Javadoc tool. Technically, these comments are a special kind of traditional comment and they are not specifically defined in the language specification. Classes in the package java.lang are implicitly imported into every program, as long as no explicitly-imported types have the same names. Important ones include: Java applications consist of collections of classes. Classes exist in packages but can also be nested inside other classes. Every Java application must have an entry point. This is true of both graphical interface applications and console applications. The entry point is
3398237
Java syntax


with access modifiers. For example, codice_18 is a fully qualified class name for the class codice_19 which is located in the package codice_20. A package is declared at the start of the file with the codice_21 declaration: Classes with the codice_22 modifier must be placed in the files with the same name and java extension and put into nested folders corresponding to the package name. The above class codice_23 will have the following path: codice_24. A type import declaration allows a named type to be referred to by a simple name rather than
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Java Platform, Standard Edition


various human-readable languages and locale-specific parsing. Data structures that aggregate objects are the focus of the package. Included in the package is the Collections API, an organized data structure hierarchy influenced heavily by the design patterns considerations. Created to support Java applet creation, the package lets applications be downloaded over a network and run within a guarded sandbox. Security restrictions are easily imposed on the sandbox. A developer, for example, may apply a digital signature to an applet, thereby labeling it as safe. Doing so
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Java version history


The Java language has undergone several changes since JDK 1.0 as well as numerous additions of classes and packages to the standard library. Since J2SE 1.4, the evolution of the Java language has been governed by the Java Community Process (JCP), which uses "Java Specification Requests" (JSRs) to propose and specify additions and changes to the Java platform. The language is specified by the "Java Language Specification" (JLS); changes to the JLS are managed under JSR 901. In addition to the language changes,
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Java 2D


In computing, Java 2D is an API for drawing two-dimensional graphics using the Java programming language. Every Java 2D drawing operation can ultimately be treated as "filling" a "shape" using a "paint" and "compositing" the result onto the screen. The Java 2D API and its documentation are available for download as a part of JDK 6. Java 2D API classes are organised into the following packages in JDK 6: These objects are a necessary part of every Java 2D drawing operation. A "shape
5628024
Turbo (software)


standalone EXE, MSI package, and HTTP-based delivery via the Turbo browser plugin. Turbo Studio packages all application files, settings, runtimes, and components into a single package that runs instantly with zero setup. The Turbo virtual machine (SVM) supports all versions of the .NET Framework and Java, thus allowing users to execute .NET, Java, and AIR-based applications with no separate installations. Turbo allows legacy software to run properly on new operating systems, thereby reducing the cost and risk associated with operating system rollouts
15476405
Java version history


, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). This was a very significant release of Java as it tripled the size of the Java platform to 1520 classes in 59 packages. Major additions included: Codename Kestrel. The most notable changes in the May 8, 2000 release were: Codename Merlin. The February 6, 2002 release was the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59. Major changes included: Public support and security updates for Java 1.4 ended in
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Embedded Java


The packages (java.lang, java.io, java.util, ... ) form the CORE Embedded Java API, which means that embedded programmers using the Java language can use them in order to make any worthwhile use of the Java language. Java SE embedded is based on desktop Java Platform, Standard Edition. It is designed to be used on systems with at least 32 MB of RAM, and can work on Linux ARM, x86, or Power ISA, and Windows XP and Windows XP Embedded architectures. Java ME embedded used to be based
18819729
Comparison of the Java and .NET platforms


% use ASP.NET and 3% use Java. Some of Oracle's Java-related license agreements for Java EE define aspects of the Java platform as a trade secret, and prohibit the end user from contributing to a third-party Java environment. Specifically, at least one current license for an Oracle Java EE development package contains the following terms: ""You may make a single archival copy of Software, but otherwise may not copy, modify, or distribute Software." — "Unless enforcement is prohibited by applicable law
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JADE (programming language)


to create database-driven software, JADE is fully object-oriented. JADE was designed to have all the most important features of object-oriented programming, but does not support the overloading of methods or operators, and until Jade 2018 lacked parameterised constructors. Classes in JADE are kept together in schemas. Schemas serve the same purpose as Java packages or namespaces in .NET, but have a hierarchy, and inherit classes from superschemas. This becomes useful especially when programming using the model-view-controller methodology, as model classes
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Mesquite (software)


"modules" are Java classes, usually concrete sub-classes of abstract class definitions. This modular architecture has afforded the development of additional packages that can be used as plug-ins to Mesquite. Mesquite provides a number of analyses including ancestral state estimation and diversification analysis. Mesquite also contains tools for simulating data such as species trees, gene trees, and DNA matrices. The base distribution of Mesquite affords interoperability with other programs, for such purposes as multiple sequence alignment (e.g. Clustal and MAFFT), as well as the
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Joshua Bloch


Joshua J. Bloch (born August 28, 1961) is an American software engineer and a technology author, formerly employed at Sun Microsystems and Google. He led the design and implementation of numerous Java platform features, including the Java Collections Framework, the java.math package, and the assert mechanism. He is the author of the programming guide "Effective Java" (2001), which won the 2001 Jolt Award, and is a co-author of two other Java books, "Java Puzzlers" (2005) and "Java
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Java Card


applet obtained by compiling the same Java source code. This conserves memory, a necessity in resource constrained devices like smart cards. As a design tradeoff, there is no support for some Java language features (as mentioned above), and size limitations. Techniques exist for overcoming the size limitations, such as dividing the application's code into packages below the 64 KiB limit. Standard Java Card class library and runtime support differs a lot from that in Java, and the common subset is minimal. For example, the Java Security
4110414
Classpath (Java)


Classpath is a parameter in the Java Virtual Machine or the Java compiler that specifies the location of user-defined classes and packages. The parameter may be set either on the command-line, or through an environment variable. Similar to the classic dynamic loading behavior, when executing Java programs, the Java Virtual Machine finds and loads classes lazily (it loads the bytecode of a class only when the class is first used). The classpath tells Java where to look in the filesystem for files defining these classes. The virtual
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Java Classloader


The Java Class Loader is a part of the Java Runtime Environment that dynamically loads Java classes into the Java Virtual Machine. Usually classes are only loaded on demand. The Java run time system does not need to know about files and file systems because of classloaders. Delegation is an important concept to understand when learning about classloaders. A software library is a collection of related object code. In the Java language, libraries are typically packaged in JAR files. Libraries can contain objects of different types. The most important type of object
11027627
Java (programming language)


in 2000. With Java 1.5, the performance was improved with the addition of the java.util.concurrent package, including lock free implementations of the ConcurrentMaps and other multi-core collections, and it was improved further with Java 1.6. Some platforms offer direct hardware support for Java; there are micro controllers that can run Java bytecode in hardware instead of a software Java virtual machine, and some ARM-based processors could have hardware support for executing Java bytecode through their Jazelle option, though support has mostly been dropped in current implementations of ARM
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Java (software platform)


) in web browsers, even after JVM-support has been dropped from them, using e.g. TeaVM. The Java language has undergone several changes since the release of JDK (Java Development Kit) 1.0 on January 23, 1996, as well as numerous additions of classes and packages to the standard library. Since J2SE 1.4 the Java Community Process (JCP) has governed the evolution of the Java Language. The JCP uses "Java Specification Requests" (JSRs) to propose and specify additions and changes to the Java platform.
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Java Platform, Standard Edition


used and keep elements within an aesthetically consistent GUI across platforms. The package provides the error tolerant HTML parser that is used for writing various web browsers and web bots. The package contains the largest number of Annotation Types (30 in all) in JDK 6. It defines annotations for customizing Java program elements to XML Schema mapping. The package provides the support for the remote communication between applications using the General Inter-ORB Protocol and supports other features of the common object request broker architecture. Same as RMI and RMI-IIOP
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Judoscript


of Java packages and third-party extensions to Java. The foundation of this design strategy was to provide an infrastructure: 1) with all the flexibility of a command shell; 2) with full interoperability and access to all facilities of Java; and 3) a simplified syntax that was intuitive to developers who are not necessarily Java programmers. Because of the design principles of Judoscript, Huang has stated that it is generally not suitable for Enterprise-scale application development, and is not intended to replace traditional Java syntax. For
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Java 4K Game Programming Contest


The Java 4K Game Programming Contest (aka "Java 4K" and "J4K") is an informal contest that was started by the Java Game Programming community to challenge their software development abilities. The goal of the contest is to develop the best game possible within four kibibytes (4096 bytes) of data. While the rules originally allowed for nearly any distribution method, recent years have required that the games be packaged as either an executable JAR file, a Java Webstart application, or a Java Applet, and
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Java Media Framework


The Java Media Framework (JMF) is a Java library that enables audio, video and other time-based media to be added to Java applications and applets. This optional package, which can capture, play, stream, and transcode multiple media formats, extends the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) and allows development of cross-platform multimedia applications. An initial, playback-only version of JMF was developed by Sun Microsystems, Silicon Graphics, and Intel, and released as JMF 1.0 in 1997. JMF
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Scala (programming language)


received a $3 million investment in 2011 from Greylock Partners. Scala runs on the Java platform (Java virtual machine) and is compatible with existing Java programs. As Android applications are typically written in Java and translated from Java bytecode into Dalvik bytecode (which may be further translated to native machine code during installation) when packaged, Scala's Java compatibility makes it well-suited to Android development, more so when a functional approach is preferred. The reference Scala software distribution, including compiler and libraries, is released under the
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Java Database Connectivity


JVM) host environment. Sun Microsystems released JDBC as part of Java Development Kit (JDK) 1.1 on February 19, 1997. Since then it has been part of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE). The JDBC classes are contained in the Java package and . Starting with version 3.1, JDBC has been developed under the Java Community Process. JSR 54 specifies JDBC 3.0 (included in J2SE 1.4), JSR 114 specifies the JDBC Rowset additions, and JSR 221 is the specification of JDBC 4.0 (included
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Java (programming language)


Microsoft Windows (still works for XP, while only later versions are currently officially supported), macOS, Linux, and Solaris. Because Java lacks any formal standardization recognized by Ecma International, ISO/IEC, ANSI, or other third-party standards organization, the Oracle implementation is the de facto standard. The Oracle implementation is packaged into two different distributions: The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) which contains the parts of the Java SE platform required to run Java programs and is intended for end users, and the Java
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Java package


Subsequent components of the package name vary according to an organization's own internal naming conventions. For example, if an organization in Canada called MySoft creates a package to deal with fractions, naming the package ca.mysoft.fractions distinguishes the fractions package from another similar package created by another company. If a German company named MySoft also creates a fractions package, but names it de.mysoft.fractions, then the classes in these two packages are defined in a unique and separate namespace. Complete conventions for disambiguating package names and rules for naming packages when the Internet domain
8170616
Sun Java System Calendar Server


". The code base has been carried on throughout these name changes with only feature/packaging enhancements and bug fixes. Since 2003, the Calendar Server has been included as part of Sun's Java Enterprise System, a collection of infrastructure software applications and tools. It is also available as part of the Sun Java System Communications Suite, a smaller collection of messaging and collaboration services that includes Sun Java System Messaging Server, Sun Java System Instant Messaging Server, and Sun Java System Communications Express. Supporting server software for the Calendar
3260522
Java applet


to ensure compatibility is maintained between Java versions as they evolve, enforcing Java portability by law if required. Oracle seems to be continuing the same strategy. The 1997 lawsuit, was filed after Microsoft created a modified Java Virtual Machine of their own, which shipped with Internet Explorer. Microsoft added about 50 methods and 50 fields into the classes within the "java.awt, java.lang", and "java.io" packages. Other modifications included removal of RMI capability and replacement of Java native interface from JNI to RNI, a different standard.
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Web Services Invocation Framework


has a provider for. WSIF defines and comes packaged with providers for local Java, Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB), Java Message Service (JMS), and Java EE Connector Architecture (JCA) protocols, which means that a client can define an EJB or a Java Message Service-accessible service directly as a WSDL binding and access it transparently using WSIF, using the same API one would use for a SOAP service or a local Java class. In WSDL, a binding defines how to map between the abstract "PortType"
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Java Mobile Media API


The Mobile Media API (MMAPI) is an API specification for the Java ME platform CDC and CLDC devices such as mobile phones. Depending on how it's implemented, the APIs allow applications to play and record sounds and video, and to capture still images. MMAPI was developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 135. The Multimedia Java API is based around four main types of classes in the codice_1 package—the codice_2, the codice_3, the codice_4 and various types of codice_5. Java ME programmers wishing to use JSR
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JAR (file format)


A JAR (Java ARchive) is a package file format typically used to aggregate many Java class files and associated metadata and resources (text, images, etc.) into one file for distribution. It is used to store classes of java created by the user in order to help the runnable and inference concepts embedded within the language. JAR files are archive files that include a Java-specific manifest file. They are built on the ZIP format and typically have a codice_1 file extension. A JAR file allows Java runtimes to
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SuperWaba


SuperWaba is a discontinued Java-like virtual machine (VM) that targets portable devices. Software developers use application programming interfaces (APIs), accessed through associated libraries (packaged as Jars) and small tools (together composing a software development kit), to create applications that can run within the VM on supported platforms. The SuperWaba VM and API implement a subset of the Java programming language, which allows it to run under a standard Java VM or as a Java applet. This is in contrast to the Java Micro Edition
20260872
Content repository API for Java


Content Repository API for Java (JCR) is a specification for a Java platform application programming interface (API) to access content repositories in a uniform manner. The content repositories are used in content management systems to keep the content data and also the metadata used in content management systems (CMS) such as versioning metadata. The specification was developed under the Java Community Process as JSR-170 (Version 1), and as JSR-283 (version 2). The main Java package is codice_1. A JCR is a type of object database
5426300
Watumull Institute of Electronics Engineering and Computer Technology


and now Windows Vista. Software packages like Oracle 10g, OpenGL, Java, XML, Rational Rose etc. are available to the students. The computers are all strictly firewalled and monitored to prevent anti-social activities. pirated versions Biomedical Department has relevant systems based on Biomedical Engineering. These are for educational purposes and although actual models have not been in practical use for obvious reasons. Instrumentation Department has relevant systems based on process measurement and control line The Instrumentation Laboratories are well equipped with computers also. A fully functional,
19156793
Java package


Language Specification establishes package naming conventions to avoid the possibility of two published packages having the same name. The naming conventions describe how to create unique package names, so that packages that are widely distributed will have unique namespaces. This allows packages to be separately, easily and automatically installed and catalogued. In general, a package name begins with the top level domain name of the organization and then the organization's domain and then any subdomains, listed in reverse order. The organization can then choose a specific name for its package.
8170615
ISO 22715


manufactured the products. To accomplish this, 22715 specifies that a product’s packaging should show certain information such as the ingredients used in the product listed in descending order according to the percentage of each ingredient in the product. A list of coloring agents used in the product then follows the list of ingredients. For safety purposes, ISO recommends including an explanation of what the product function is on the package, along with instructions for its use. Any precautionary or warning statements should also be printed on the package to caution consumers in
20508967
JUnit


JUnit is a unit testing framework for the Java programming language. JUnit has been important in the development of test-driven development, and is one of a family of unit testing frameworks which is collectively known as xUnit that originated with SUnit. JUnit is linked as a JAR at compile-time; the framework resides under package codice_1 for JUnit 3.8 and earlier, and under package codice_2 for JUnit 4 and later. A research survey performed in 2013 across 10,000 Java projects hosted on GitHub found that JUnit (in a tie with
16432184
BD-J


non- packages available to take advantage of the features particular to this platform beyond that defined by Java TV. Even a simple example such as FirstBDJApp. A developer might choose to use not packages and instead use: A working example of a program using some features from each of the class trees would be the BdjGunBunny Xlet (a very simple version of Space Invaders using an image of a rabbit as the shooter and turtles as the targets) provided as an example in the Java ME 3.0 SDK. and the same for the other
19150616
Java remote method invocation


come from the "network objects" feature of Modula-3. The programmers of the original RMI API generalized the code somewhat to support different implementations, such as a HTTP transport. Additionally, the ability to pass arguments "by value" was added to CORBA in order to be compatible with the RMI interface. Still, the RMI-IIOP and JRMP implementations do not have fully identical interfaces. RMI functionality comes in the package , while most of Sun's implementation is located in the codice_1 package. Note that with Java versions before
20684163
QuickTime for Java


JOGL, which dumps the OpenGL header files into classes with thousands of static methods). The Cocoa-based QTKit is a similar attempt to put an object-oriented layer atop the procedural QuickTime library, using Objective-C. Apple's use of the top-level package name codice_10 violates the Java Language's Specification convention that packages use a reverse-domain-name scheme, such as codice_11. However, as Apple owns the "QuickTime" trademark, there is no realistic chance of a namespace collision, the prevention of
9607672
Java Class Library


to find the JCL. The Java Module System (part of the Java 9 release) broke the monolithic "rt.jar" JAR file and modularized the JCL itself in several modules with specified dependencies. Any Java implementation must pass the Java Technology Compatibility Kit tests for compliance, which includes JCL tests. JCL Features are accessed through classes provided in packages. Before the release of OpenJDK, the JDK was based on a proprietary license. Following their promise to release a fully buildable JDK based almost completely on free and open source code in
20667825
Mac OS Runtime for Java


web browser). A number of web browsers could use MRJ to run Java applets in web pages, including Microsoft Internet Explorer, iCab and HotJava. The SDK includes ports of most of the tools from Sun's Java Development Kit (in the form of MPW tools and Macintosh applications), additional tools for packaging Java applications as double-clickable Macintosh applications, libraries for Macintosh-specific functionality, and documentation for the MRJ-specific classes and tools. MRJ v2.2.5 was compatible with Sun's Java Development Kit version 1.1.8.
404963
Motion Tracking using Java


Motion Tracking Framework (JMTF) is a modular framework for detecting and tracking motion in prerecorded image sequences. Unlike others, it is pure java and requires therefore no native libraries. The JMTF is free software and available under a BSD license. The Java Media Framework API (JMF) enables audio, video and other time-based media to be added to applications and applets built on Java technology. This optional package, which can capture, playback, stream, and transcode multiple media formats, extends the Java 2 Platform,
5187468
Comparison of Java and C++


and the C++ Standard Library which includes generic containers and algorithms (the Standard Template Library or STL), and many other general purpose facilities. Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to minimize implementation dependencies. It relies on a Java virtual machine to be secure and highly portable. It is bundled with an extensive library designed to provide a full abstraction of the underlying platform. Java is a statically typed object-oriented language that uses a syntax similar to
20516963
Java Platform, Standard Edition


Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) is a computing platform for development and deployment of portable code for desktop and server environments. Java SE was formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE). The platform uses Java programming language and is part of the Java software-platform family. Java SE defines a range of general-purpose APIs—such as Java APIs for the Java Class Library—and also includes the Java Language Specification and the Java Virtual Machine Specification. One of the most well-
20381119
Play Framework


be written in Scala or Java, in an environment that may be less Java Enterprise Edition-centric. Play uses no Java EE constraints. This can make Play simpler to develop compared to other Java-centric platforms. Although Play 1.x could also be packaged as WAR files to be distributed to standard Java EE application servers, Play 2.x applications are now designed to be run using the built-in Akka HTTP or Netty web servers exclusively. Play provides integration with test frameworks for unit testing and functional testing for both Scala and
15693760
Java Platform, Standard Edition


describing the feature and codice_54 is one of codice_55, codice_56, codice_57, or codice_58. The following table shows the sources/destinations supported directly by the codice_59 package: Other standard library packages provide stream implementations for other destinations, such as the codice_55 returned by the method or the Java EE class. Data type handling and processing or filtering of stream data is accomplished through stream filters. The filter classes all accept another compatible stream object as a parameter to the constructor and "decorate" the enclosed stream with additional features. Filters
20381132
Oracle Corporation


copying the packages, Judge Alsup found that none of the Java packages were covered under copyright protection, and therefore Google did not infringe. After the case was over, Oracle appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (750 F.3d 1339 (2014)). On May 9, 2014, the appeals court partially reversed Judge Alsup's decision, finding that Java APIs are copyrightable. API stands for "application programming interface" and are how different computer programs or apps communicate with each other. However,
2582442
United States admiralty law


is generally entitled to limit its liability to $500 per package, unless the value of the contents is disclosed and marked on the container. There is significant litigation as to what constitutes a "package" for purposes of determining liability under COGSA. This practice has resulted in substantial and continuing litigation in the United States. Federal Courts in the United States, however, are reluctant to treat an ocean shipping container as a single COGSA package. The statute of limitations on cargo claims is one year. Seamen injured aboard ship have
7955023
Write once, run anywhere


Write once, run anywhere (WORA), or sometimes Write once, run everywhere (WORE), was a slogan created by Sun Microsystems to illustrate the cross-platform benefits of the Java language. Ideally, this meant that a Java program could be developed on any device, compiled into a standard bytecode, and be expected to run on any device equipped with a Java virtual machine (JVM). The installation of a JVM or Java interpreter on chips, devices, or software packages became an industry standard practice.
6256664
Oracle Communications Messaging Server


has undergone multiple brand naming changes: The code base has been carried on throughout these minor brand changes with only feature enhancements and bug fixes. The Messaging Server was part of Sun's Java Enterprise System bundle of Internet/Intranet server software from 2003 to 2006. In 2006, the Messaging Server was packaged as part of smaller bundle called the Sun Java System Communications Suite which includes Sun Java System Calendar Server, Sun Java System Instant Messaging Server, and Sun Java System Communications Express. This suite is now known as Oracle Communications
22182071
Magnolia (CMS)


mechanism is also used to package and deploy websites built with Magnolia CMS. The templates, themes and functionality used on a website are split into separate modules. Modularity allows site administrators to install and uninstall functionality according to a project's requirements. Encapsulating functionality into discrete modules also promotes separation of concerns: one team can work on website templates while another team develops apps, for example. At the file system level a Magnolia module is a JAR, a Java file format used to package Java class files and resources (images,
10537506
Oracle Data Mining


of Java and/or SQL code associated with the data-mining activities. The Java Code Generator is an extension to Oracle JDeveloper. An independent interface also exists: the Spreadsheet Add-In for Predictive Analytics which enables access to the Oracle Data Mining Predictive Analytics PL/SQL package from Microsoft Excel. From version 11.2 of the Oracle database, Oracle Data Miner integrates with Oracle SQL Developer. Oracle Data Mining provides a native PL/SQL package (DBMS_DATA_MINING) to create, destroy, describe, apply, test, export and import
19757837
Java Platform, Standard Edition


RMI over IIOP protocol. This protocol combines RMI and CORBA features. Java SE Core Technologies - CORBA / RMI-IIOP Swing is a collection of routines that build on codice_82 to provide a platform independent widget toolkit. uses the 2D drawing routines to render the user interface components instead of relying on the underlying native operating system GUI support. This package contains the largest number of classes (133 in all) in JDK 6. This package, along with codice_82 also contains the largest number of enums (7 in all) in
20381142
Oracle Application Framework


The View is the presentation layer. The Controller manages the flow between pages. Most web-based applications work on these principles. Similar architecture is replicated in OA framework. Every application has a package some location on the Application Server where all the code is held, there are basically three types of location within a given package path: Server files 2. View objects (VO) a.) VO Impl (Java file) b.) VO Row Impl (Java file) c.) VO xml 3. Server.xml Webui files 1
21094487
Primitive wrapper class


create an that needs to represent primitive types in classes (i.e., in the Java API), in the package and in the reflection package. Collection classes are Java API-defined classes that can store objects in a manner similar to how data structures like arrays store primitive data types like int, double, long or char, etc., but arrays store primitive data types while collections actually store objects. The primitive wrapper classes and their corresponding primitive types are: Primitive wrapper classes are not the same thing as primitive types
381413
Non-blocking I/O (Java)


subset of them) and bytes. The package of NIO provides facilities for identifying character sets and providing encoding and decoding algorithms for new mappings. It is unexpected that a Channel associated with a Java IO RandomAccess file closes the file descriptor on an interrupt, whereas RandomAccessFiles own read method does not do this. JDK 7 includes a package which, with the class (also new to JDK 7), among other features, provides extended capabilities for filesystem tasks, e.g. can work with symbolic/hard links and dump big directory listings
8321503
OpenXava


OpenXava is a web framework for developing business applications in an effective way. It allows development of CRUD modules, report generation and business applications like accounting packages, customer relationship, invoicing, warehouse management, etc. OpenXava allows developers to define applications with POJOs, JPA and Java 5 annotations. Currently OpenXava generates Java web applications (Java EE) which can be deployed in any Java Portal Server (JSR168) as portlet applications. The essence of OpenXava is that the developer defines instead of programming, and the framework automatically provides the
11017731
Embedded Java


memory. A complete convergence has taken place since 2010, and now Java software components running on large systems can run directly with no recompilation at all on design-to-cost mass-production devices (such as consumers, industrial, white goods, healthcare, metering, smart markets in general) In order for a software component to run on any Java system, it must target the core minimal API provided by the different providers of the embedded Java ecosystem. Companies share the same eight packages of pre-written programs.
18819728
Java Platform, Standard Edition


can be used in each of the applications discussed above to keep track of objects that have changed reference type. When a codice_10 is created it is optionally registered with a reference queue. The application polls the reference queue to get references that have changed reachability state. Reflection is a constituent of the Java API that lets Java code examine and "reflect" on Java components at runtime and use the reflected members. Classes in the package, along with codice_11 and accommodate applications such as debuggers, interpreters, object inspectors, class browsers
20381126
Connected Device Configuration


a particular device. This is the most basic of the CDC family of profiles hackedis a set of Java APIs tuned for low-footprint devices that have limited resources that do not need a graphical user interface system. It provides a complete Java ME application environment for consumer products and embedded devices but without a standards-based GUI system. Version 1.1.2 is specified in JSR 219 and implements a subset of Java SE 1.4.2, including a set of security-related optional packages, such as Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS)
21595684
MacOS


Objective-C, with Java as an alternative. However, on July 11, 2005, Apple announced that "features added to Cocoa in Mac OS X versions later than 10.4 will not be added to the Cocoa-Java programming interface." macOS also used to support the Java Platform as a "preferred software package"—in practice this means that applications written in Java fit as neatly into the operating system as possible while still being cross-platform compatible, and that graphical user interfaces written in Swing look almost exactly like native Cocoa
490949
Perl module


of and what the minimum required version of perl is. The code on this page requires perl 5.6.0 which is considered rather old by now. What follows are examples of "Hello, World" implemented in different styles of modules. It must be understood that a module is not necessary in Perl; functions and code can be defined and used anywhere. This is just for example purposes. Contrast with Java where a class is always necessary. A real "Hello, World" function would be written like so: or simply
3387338
Classpath (Java)


machine searches for and loads classes in this order: By default only the packages of the JDK standard API and extension packages are accessible without needing to set where to find them. The path for all user-defined packages and libraries must be set in the command-line (or in the Manifest associated with the Jar file containing the classes). Suppose we have a package called "org.mypackage" containing the classes: and the files defining this package are stored physically under the directory "D:\myprogram" (on Windows) or
9115783
International Components for Unicode


in early 1996, Sun Microsystems decided that the new Java language should have better support for internationalization. Since Taligent had experience with such technologies and were close geographically, their Text and International group were asked to contribute the international classes to the Java Development Kit as part of the JDK 1.1 internationalization APIs. A large portion of this code still exists in the and packages. Further internationalization features were added with each later release of Java. The Java internationalization classes were then ported to C++ and C as part of a library known as
10440681
Java Speech API


how they are used in application design. Rule grammars are defined in JSAPI 1 by JSGF, the Java Speech Grammar Format. The newer JSAPI 2 supports the more recent SRGS format. JSAPI 2 does not offer support for dictation. The different classes and interfaces that form the Java Speech API are grouped into the following three packages: The EngineManager class is like a factory class that all Java Speech API applications use. It provides static methods to enable the access of speech synthesis and speech recognition engines. The Engine interface encapsulates the
15348922
Java concurrency


value of any final fields will be visible to other threads without synchronization. The rule is simple: the codice_13 reference must not be released from the constructor before the constructor returns. Since JDK 1.2, Java has included a standard set of collection classes, the Java collections framework Doug Lea, who also participated in the Java collections framework implementation, developed a concurrency package, comprising several concurrency primitives and a large battery of collection-related classes. This work was continued and updated as part of JSR 166 which was chaired by Doug
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