when was black history week changed to black history month
Lincoln's Birthday


with the birthday of former slave and abolitionist Frederick Douglass on February 14. The precursor to Black History Month was created in 1926 when historian Carter G. Woodson and the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History announced that the second week of February would be "Negro History Week" to coincide with the traditional Black commemorations of both men's birthdays. By the 1970s, "Negro History Week" had become "Black History Month". Black History Month has expanded further to Canada, where it is also celebrated in February
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Black History Month


is observed in October. The precursor to Black History Month was created in 1926 in the United States, when historian Carter G. Woodson and the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History announced the second week of February to be "Negro History Week". This week was chosen because it coincided with the birthday of Abraham Lincoln on February 12 and of Frederick Douglass on February 14, both of which dates black communities had celebrated together since the late 19th century. Negro History Week was the center of the equation. The
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Black History Month


this initial interval, with the mainstream and black press aiding in the publicity effort. Negro History Week was met with enthusiastic response; it prompted the creation of black history clubs, an increase in interest among teachers, and interest from progressive whites. Negro History Week grew in popularity throughout the following decades, with mayors across the United States endorsing it as a holiday. On February 21, 2016, 106-year Washington D.C. resident and school volunteer Virginia McLaurin visited the White House as part of Black History Month. When asked by the
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Black History Month


and fairness of a designated month dedicated to the history of one race. One concern is that the inclusion of black history will discredit the accuracy of history as well as exclude the crucial parts, and distract children from what really matters when they enter their desired careers. Criticisms include questions over whether it is appropriate to confine the celebration of black history to one month, as opposed to integration of black history into the mainstream education the rest of the year. Another criticism is that contrary to the original inspiration for Black History Month
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African-American history


the black historical experience. Woodson insisted that the study of African descendants be scholarly sound, creative, restorative, and, most important, directly relevant to the black community. He popularized black history with a variety of innovative strategies, including Association for the Study of Negro Life outreach activities, Negro History Week (now Black History Month, in February), and a popular black history magazine. Woodson democratized, legitimized, and popularized black history. Benjamin Quarles (1904–96) had a significant impact on the teaching of African-
12117333
Edward W. Crosby


, that the expansion of Negro History Week, as it had been called, was recognized nationally when then President Gerald R. Ford delivered to the nation regarding the observance of Black History Month. Since that time regular observances of Black History Month have become common in elementary, secondary and high schools, as well as city, state and federal buildings across the country. In fact, the practice has spread to many countries overseas, particularly in Europe. Significantly, the first celebration was a Pan-African affair that included the participation
20143651
The Journey of Allen Strange


were some African-American men playing basketball, and figured this was a way to acculturate. His naivety on the subject (bringing in plain black posterboards for his Black History Month presentation) sparked a Black History Month episode, featuring him learning information about slavery and the Civil Rights Movement. In the weeks leading up to the series' premiere, Nickelodeon ran a series of teaser ads which would at first appear to be promos for other shows, or for Nickelodeon in general, when a blue ooze would fill the screen as
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Carter G. Woodson


been supported in the rest of the market. He founded Negro History Week in 1926 (now known as Black History Month). He created the "Negro History Bulletin", developed for teachers in elementary and high school grades, and published continuously since 1937. Woodson also influenced the Association's direction and subsidizing of research in African-American history. He wrote numerous articles, monographs and books on Blacks. "The Negro in Our History" reached its 11th edition in 1966, when it had sold more than 90,000 copies
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The Journal of African American History


History" and African American History week were the early roots of what we now know as Black History Month. Black History Month is every year in February, still covering the week of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln's birthdays that was originally chosen by Woodson. Since its conception in 1926, the "Journal of African American Histor"y has featured and published the work of several notable scholars over the years. These include famous names such as Benjamin Quarles, John Hope Franklin, and W.E.B. Du Bois. To name a few other couple
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Black History Month


educational institutions, centers of Black culture and community centers, both great and small, when President Gerald Ford recognized Black History Month, during the celebration of the United States Bicentennial. He urged Americans to "seize the opportunity to honor the too-often neglected accomplishments of black Americans in every area of endeavor throughout our history". Black History Month was first celebrated in the United Kingdom in 1987. It was organised through the leadership of Ghanaian analyst Akyaaba Addai-Sebo, who had served as a coordinator of special projects for
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Black History Month


president why she was there, McLaurin said, "A black president. A black wife. And I’m here to celebrate black history. That's what I'm here for." Black History Month was first proposed by black educators and the Black United Students at Kent State University in February 1969. The first celebration of Black History Month took place at Kent State one year later, from January 2, 1970 – February 28, 1970. Six years later, Black History Month was being celebrated all across the country in
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Iota Phi Lambda


World War I there was the "Great Migration" of blacks from the South to the Northern cities, seeking greater opportunities and a more tolerant society. These changes underscored the need for blacks to learn new skills. These skills, in turn, would hopefully ensure a better way of life for tens of thousands of blacks that had migrated northward. American Education Week – Members work in support of the National Education Association via its national theme to celebrate and embrace America's public schools. Black History Month – Programs are designed to
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Carter G. Woodson


Carter Godwin Woodson (December 19, 1875April 3, 1950) was an American historian, author, journalist and the founder of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History. He was one of the first scholars to study African-American history. A founder of "The Journal of Negro History" in 1916, Woodson has been cited as the "father of black history". In February 1926 he launched the celebration of "Negro History Week", the precursor of Black History Month. Born in Virginia
1305616
Christopher Bevans


also awarded Woolwork's Innovation Award for his 80's-inspired snowboard outfit created under DYNE in January 2018. He was given AUS$100,000 as part of this award. One Woolmark Prize judge, Livia Firth, praised as an example of “young designers” who are “changing the conversation.” Bevans was named an honoree of the BE (Black Enterprise) Modern Man program. To commemorate Black History Month, Willamette Week listed Bevans among others as examples of black people who have made strides in the Portland fashion industry. He was
4630004
African American Policy Forum


-NY) has entered into the Congressional Record her request that the last week of March be Black Women’s History Week, as part of Women’s History Month. Coinciding with the annual Her Dream Deferred series, this week would focus on the status of Black women and girls, acknowledging their contributions to the nation as well as addressing the challenges they continue to face. In May 2015, AAPF, in collaboration with the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School, convened an interdisciplinary group of researchers,
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Black History Month


the Greater London Council (GLC) and created a collaboration to get it underway. It was first celebrated in London. In 1995, after a motion by politician Jean Augustine, representing the riding of Etobicoke—Lakeshore in Ontario, Canada's House of Commons officially recognized February as Black History Month and honored Black Canadians. In 2008, Senator Donald Oliver moved to have the Senate officially recognize Black History Month, which was unanimously approved. Ireland's Great Hunger Institute notes: “Black History Month Ireland was initiated in Cork in
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Black History Month


thought-process behind the week was never recorded, but scholars acknowledge two reasons for its birth: recognition and importance. Woodson felt deeply that at least one week would allow for the general movement to become something annually celebrated. Also, after the ten year long haul to successfully complete his "Journal of Negro History", he realized the subject deserved to resonate with a greater audience. From the event's initial phase, primary emphasis was placed on encouraging the coordinated teaching of the history of American blacks in the nation's
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Black History Month


launch, Woodson contended that the teaching of black history was essential to ensure the physical and intellectual survival of the race within broader society: By 1929, "The Journal of Negro History" was able to note that with only two exceptions, officials with the State Departments of Educations of "every state with considerable Negro population" had made the event known to that state's teachers and distributed official literature associated with the event". Churches also played a significant role in the distribution of literature in association with Negro History Week during
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Black


appearance produced by heat. Widows were allowed to change into the colors of half-mourning, such as gray and lavender, black and white, for the final six months." A "black day" (or week or month) usually refers to tragic date. The Romans marked "fasti" days with white stones and "nefasti" days with black. The term is often used to remember massacres. Black months include the Black September in Jordan, when large numbers of Palestinians were killed, and Black July in
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Black History Month


, which was a desire to redress the manner in which American schools failed to represent black historical figures as anything other than slaves or colonial subjects, Black History Month reduces complex historical figures to overly simplified objects of hero worship. Other critics refer to the celebration as racist, and that it's existence will do damage to the position of Europe and the United States in their places of world history. Actor and director Morgan Freeman and actress Stacey Dash have criticized the concept of declaring only one month as Black History Month. Freeman
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Carter G. Woodson


Week", designated for the second week in February, to coincide with marking the birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass. The Black United Students and Black educators at Kent State University expanded this idea to include an entire month beginning on February 1, 1970. Beginning in 1976 every US president has designated February as Black History Month. Woodson believed in self-reliance and racial respect, values he shared with Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican activist who worked in New York. Woodson became a regular columnist for Garvey's weekly "
1305630
Edgar Toppin


, Toppin was the first African-American member admitted to the Virginia Historical Society and in 1989, would become the first African-American member of the board of trustees. Toppin served as President of the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History from 1974 to 1976 and played an integral role in turning Black History Week into Black History Month in 1976. In 1975, he was the first African American appointed to the National Park Service's "Advisory Board on National Parks, Historic Sites, Buildings, and
4853022
Morgan Freeman


and Freeman has several horses that he takes there. In 2005, Freeman criticized the celebration of Black History Month, saying, "I don't want a black history month. Black history is American history." He opined that the only way to end racism is to stop talking about it, and he noted that there is no "white history month." Freeman once said in an interview with "60 Minutes"s Mike Wallace, "I am going to stop calling you a white man and I'm going to ask
489845
University of New Haven


Unions on college campuses at that time, UNH’s Black Student Union was born out of the Civil Rights Movement and was proactive in generating change on campus including cultural awareness programs, requesting African-American history courses, and working closely with fraternities and sororities. The Black Student Union is one of the most significant club/organization to influence cultural awareness through its programming all year, collaboration with other cultural clubs/organizations, and specifically through its Black History Month events. On April 6, 2013, the Black Student Union celebrated
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Black Panther (film)


of the film occurring at each theater for the week. The week-long return was in honor of the start of Black History Month and the film winning two Screen Actors Guild Awards and earning an Academy Award Best Picture nomination. Disney also gave a $1.5 million grant to the United Negro College Fund. "Black Panther" was released for digital download by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on May 8, 2018, and on Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, and DVD on May 15, 2018.
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Black History Month


public schools. The first Negro History Week was met with a lukewarm response, gaining the cooperation of the Departments of Education of the states of North Carolina, Delaware, and West Virginia as well as the city school administrations of Baltimore and Washington, D.C.. Despite this far from universal acceptance, the event was regarded by Woodson as "one of the most fortunate steps ever taken by the Association", and plans for a repeat of the event on an annual basis continued apace. At the time of Negro History Week's
18499212
Stacey Dash


two weeks. In 2016, Dash received criticism when she argued that the BET Awards lied to black people about news regarding the boycotting of the Oscars due to lack of ethnic diversity, and called for an end to Black History Month. She made a cameo at the 88th Academy Awards repeating this sentiment. In addition, she criticized Jesse Williams's speech at the BET Awards. On January 21, 2017, Fox News announced that Dash's contract would not be renewed. Dash voted for Barack Obama in the 2008 U.S. presidential
12017216
Luther Porter Jackson


promoted "Negro History Week", a predecessor of Black History Month. Jackson also wrote a weekly newspaper column between 1942 and 1948 for the "Norfolk Journal and Guide" entitled "Rights and Duties in a Democracy". As a professor and teachers' union activist, Jackson worked to stimulate political awakening among black Virginians. Encouraged by "Nixon v. Herndon" (1927), in which the United States Supreme Court declared all-white primaries illegal, Jackson in 1935 became one of the founders of the Petersburg League of
12436105
Edgar Toppin


, the later serving as President. As President, he was instrumental in turning Black History Week into Black History Month in 1976. He was born in Harlem, New York to immigrants Maude Catherine Joel (Bermuda) and Vivien Leopold Toppin (Grenada). He was the second of six children; Lucille, George, Mary, Sammy, Eleanor (in birth order). Named after writer Edgar Allan Poe, he had a passion for reading and learning. He would often escape to the roof of his apartment building on
4853019
MTV2


, a live special hosted by the rock band Foo Fighters, which was very similar in concept to "24 Hours of Love", a live special hosted by Courtney Love that the channel aired in 2002. In February 2008, during Black History Month, MTV2 eliminated almost all non-black music and reality programming. In fact, MTV2, regardless of programming, changed the color of the two-headed dog logo to black throughout the entire month. As 2006 began, most of MTV2's programming continued moving with the
2650715
Chaska High School


things like the gun control protests versus the Black History Month posters. Black History Uncensored Absent feeling the same kind of support from their principal, the students named themselves Black History Uncensored and led a peaceful protest on March 1, 2019 at Chaska High School. The posters were presented at a well-attended community center event later that month. The protest was against what they and others saw as inequitable censorship of their efforts to share what they viewed as important stories in American history. While many staff and students were passing in
13877391
Black History Month


Black History Month is an annual observance originating in the United States, where it is also known as African-American History Month. It has received official recognition from governments in the United States and Canada, and more recently has been observed unofficially in Ireland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. It began as a way for remembering important people and events in the history of the African diaspora. It is celebrated in February in the United States and Canada, while in Ireland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom it
18499209
Tori Black


and returned to the agency a week later. Black's first scene was a solo shaving video for The Score Group, which was filmed in 2007. She was the "Penthouse" Pet of the Month for December 2008. Black is the first person in history to win two AVN Female Performer of the Year Awards, winning back-to-back years in 2010 and 2011. She also won the 2010 and 2011 XRCO Awards for Female Performer of the Year. In 2010, she was named by "Maxim" as
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African-American history


"Black History Month." Proponents of black history believe that it promotes diversity, develops self-esteem, and corrects myths and stereotypes. Opponents argue such curricula are dishonest, divisive, and lack academic credibility and rigor. Surveys of 11th and 12th-grade students and adults in 2005 show that American schools have given students an awareness of some famous figures in black history. Both groups were asked to name 10 famous Americans, excluding presidents. Of those named, the three most mentioned were black: 67% named Martin
12117337
Air Jordan


after "Air Jordan III" in the True Blue colorway. It was an international-only release, meaning they were not sold in the US. In 2011, the brand released a Black History Month (BHM) Air Jordan III colorway in commemoration of the 35th anniversary of Black History Month. Also, the same year saw the release of the "True Blue" III on June 4. The Stealth colorway of the III was released in September and the Black Cements were released in November. The "Black Flips"
21017634
The Griot Museum of Black History


The Griot Museum of Black History, located in St. Louis, Missouri, was founded in 1997. Originally named The Black World History Wax Museum, the organization changed its name to The Griot Museum of Black History (“The Griot”) in 2009. In some west African countries, the griot, is a historian, storyteller, praise singer, poet and/or musician. The griot is a repository of oral tradition and is often seen as a societal leader who preserves and shares cultural traditions of a community. Likewise, the
4054598
Vashti Harrison


history. Harrison says that she was inspired during Black History Month, when she began to illustrate and write about black women from American history. The book was picked up by the publishers LittleBrown Books, and has both a UK (March 2018) and US (Dec 2017) version. The book includes the stories of Mae Jemison, Katherine Johnson, Maya Angelou and Alice Bell. It was nominated for an NAACP Image Award before it was released. In January 2018 Vashti Harrison appeared on the Daily Show to discuss "Little
19702232
Black players in ice hockey


awareness of equality, respect, and inclusion.  In addition, many different programs take place across the nation to include players with disabilities. The event is also promoted through social media with the hashtag HockeyIsForEveryone. In 2019, the NHL designed a Black History Month mobile museum.  The mobile museum is a part of the “Hockey is For Everyone” campaign and is aimed to celebrate Black History Month.  The mobile museum is also a commemoration of the black players who have played in the NHL.  The museum completed an eight-
12182746
SocialWorks


Champion. "The Warmest Winter" partners with the Field Museum, Michael Airhart, and the Museum of Science and Industry. The Black History Month Film Festival was launched in 2018 and runs during the month of February, offering reduced price tickets for youth to attend and familiarize themselves with films created by Black artists. The 2018 festival featured a selection of five films at Chicago's Studio Grill with showings rotating each week. In 2019 the program moved to the Showplace Icon Theater, where fifteen films were shown and patrons could attend
690751
Penn State Erie, The Behrend College


and comedians, and other shows. The Multi-Cultural Council (MCC) organizes many groups to promote a multi-cultural environment, unity, and cooperation between groups at Behrend. The MCC is prominently located as a student organization in the Reed Union Building, and coordinates celebration of many different events, such as Martin Luther King Week, Hispanic History Month, and Black History Month. "The Behrend Beacon" is the student newspaper. It is released every Tuesday during the academic school year (with the exception of a
3515690
History of Rochester, New York


and lived in sub-standard housing.Because of the riots the city soon saw its first African American Public safety director, several African American police officers were hired. City leaders convinced local radio stations to seek African American announcers. WHAM hired Vic Mason and later Lou Paris, but the real change in black relations came when FM WCMF brought in Herb Hamlett who aired a morning R&B show six days a week. Hamlett became the voice of Rochester's black community, and was the most powerful voice in the city. It
1472164
Thuglak


two weeks, when a state of emergency was declared in India. When the publication resumed after the first two weeks of emergency, the issue was published with a black front cover. "Thuglak" was the only magazine in India, whose advertisements were censored during this time. There was only other instance, later in its history, when the magazine was published with a black front was after the Babri Masjid was brought down in 1992. The magazine is available through electronic access to readers outside of India via its website for
19903048
Basodee


Basodee: An Anthology Dedicated to Black Youth (2012), edited by Fiona Raye Clarke, is a youth-created and youth-centred anthology created by a Black writing collective in honour of Black History Month, and authentic diversity in Canada. It highlights the Black Canadian experience and to promote awareness about the complexities of contemporary Black youth experience in Ontario. The book consists of a foreword by the President of the Ontario Black History Society, Rosemary Sadlier, OOnt and work by various youth on issues of identity, belonging,
19005973
Orville Lloyd Douglas


conflicting feelings about being a black man and the negative perception and stereotypes of black males in Canada. November 16, 2013, CNN host Don Lemon interviewed Douglas about the article. February 2014, Douglas wrote an article for "The Hill", criticizing the focus of black history month only focusing on black heterosexuals while ignoring black LGBT people. According to Douglas, the erasure of queer black history is due to homophobia in the black community. Douglas' March 22, 2017 article in "Film International" criticizes "Moonlight"
11891557
African-American culture


King, Jr has been observed nationally since 1983. It is one of three federal holidays named for an individual. Black History Month is another example of another African-American observance that has been adopted nationally and its teaching is even required by law in some states. Black History Month is an attempt to focus attention on previously neglected aspects of the American history, chiefly the lives and stories of African Americans. It is observed during the month of February to coincide with the founding of the NAACP and the birthdays of Frederick Douglass
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African-American history


1961), "Black Abolitionists" (1969), "The Negro in the Civil War" (1953), and "Lincoln and the Negro" (1962), which were narrative accounts of critical wartime episodes that focused on how blacks interacted with their white allies. Black history attempted to reverse centuries of ignorance. While black historians were not alone in advocating a new examination of slavery and racism in the United States, the study of African-American history has often been a political and scholarly struggle to change assumptions
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Curtis (comic strip)


on a special two-to-three week inspirational story to celebrate the Festival of Kwanzaa. Also, around the Martin Luther King, Jr. Day holiday, the strip will discuss some aspect of Dr. King's life. The month of February is also dedicated to Black History Month, in which Mrs. Nelson assigns her class to write about various African-American figures in history. "Curtis" featured Dagwood of the "Blondie" comic as part of the 75th anniversary celebration for "Blondie". Unlike "Dennis the Menace
4111515
Omega Psi Phi


the Study of Negro Life as "Negro History Week." Expanded to the full month of February from 1976, this event continues today as "Black History Month". Since 1945, the fraternity has undertaken a "National Social Action Program" to meet the needs of African Americans in the areas of health, housing, civil rights, and education. Omega Psi Phi has been a patron of the United Negro College Fund (UNCF) since 1955, providing an annual gift of $350,000.00 to the program. Omega Psi
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Brenda Elaine Stevenson


19, 2013, http://hnn.us/article/153056#sthash.etg7GFhb.dpuf. Brenda E. Stevenson, “The Arrival of Slavery in Hollywood,” Pure Movies, January 8, 2014, http://www.puremovies.co.uk/columns/the-arrival-of-slavery-in-hollywood/. “Brenda E. Stevenson,” Cross-Generational Dialogues in Black Women's History, May 21, 2014, http://bwhxg.org/brenda-stevenson/. Brenda E. Stevenson, “Considering Freedom During Black History Month: Our Incomplete Project at Home and Abroad,” UnitedWomen.org (blog), February 26, 2015, http://www.unitewomen.org/considering-freedom-during-black-history-month-our-incomplete-project-at-home-and-abroad/. Brenda E. Stevenson,
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Black History Month


2010. This location seems particularly appropriate as, in the nineteenth century, the city was a leading center of abolition, and the male and female anti-slavery societies welcomed a number of black abolitionists to lecture there, including Charles Lenox Remond and Frederick Douglass." Universally, a reliable education system is consistently one of the most important pillars of society. Among that pillar, the existence of Black History Month has frequently been a topic of debate in the educational field. There's often an annual debate about the continued usefulness
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Ndaba Mandela


by BET. The Men of Change is in honor of America's Black History month. It honors Black men that have excelled in industries or projects that promote black brilliance. He published his first book in June 2018. The book is titled, "Going to the Mountain: Life Lessons from My Grandfather, Nelson Mandela. He says that his grandfather taught him to create their own legacies and to give back to society. Ndaba says about his book, Going to the Mountain: Life Lessons from My Grandfather, that he
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Black British


primarily targets the Caribbean diaspora and has been printed for more than 35 years. Secondly, the"Black History Month" magazine is a central point of focus which leads the nationwide celebration of Black History, Arts and Culture throughout the UK. "Pride Magazine", published since 1991, is the largest monthly magazine that targets black British, mixed-race, African and African-Caribbean women in the United Kingdom. In 2007, "The Guardian" reported that the magazine had dominated the black women's magazine market for over 15
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Chaska High School


at Chaska High School. Students in blackface The high school was plagued with a series of racist incidents, starting with media coverage in September 2018 of students who attended a home football game in blackface and an African American-style wig. The issue was echoed in 2019 with another blackface incident in February. Black History Month Also in February 2019, a group of black students who had experienced racism at the school, noticed that it didn't honor Black History Month and approached school administration with the idea of creating a series of
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The Journal of African American History


Woodson, was responsible for the creation of African American History week in 1926, choosing the week that coincided with the birthdays of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln to bring attention to the importance of black history. African American history week built upon the work of the "Journal of Negro History", as is celebrated the need to examine the history and celebrate African American culture. The journal is published by the (ASLAH) Association for the Study of African American Life and History. Woodson's work establishing the "Journal of Negro
751612
Beaumont High School (St. Louis)


, a celebration of Negro History Week (now known as Black History Month) ended early due to racially inflammatory skits. The skits included profanity and depicted an attack on a white teacher who had made racially derogatory remarks, and students were urged to resort to violence. The principal, John A. Nelson, was transferred from the school, and three teachers were fired. The early end to the week's celebration led to an incident in which 20 students damaged school property and assaulted two police officers. Even after a court mandated
2114374
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame


events that help tell the story of rock and roll. Every February, the museum celebrates Black History Month by hosting concerts, film screenings and lectures that illustrate the important role African-Americans have played in the history of rock and roll. Since the program began in 1996, such artists as Robert Lockwood, Jr., the Temptations, Charles Brown, Ruth Brown, the Ohio Players, Lloyd Price, Little Anthony and the Imperials, and Al Green have appeared at the museum during Black History Month. Another program is the
13649995
Racial bias on Wikipedia


Black history, their content may be deleted by established editors. As well, when new editors are trying to advocate for the inclusion of Black history content on Wikipedia’s talk pages (each article has an associated talk page for discussion of changes), the “[c]omments [to new editors] on [Wikipedia article] talk pages can be very blunt.” An issue for women of colour is that “women in many communities have less leisure time than men,” according to Siko Bouterse, the director of community
15668756
History of African Americans in Dallas-Fort Worth


Museum of Dallas in Fair Park and the Dallas Black Dance Theatre and The Black Academy of Arts and Letters both in downtown. In Fort Worth, The Lenora Roll Heritage Center Museum and National Multicultural Western Heritage Museum houses history highlighting African-American culture primarily in the North Texas region. In Irving, the Jackie Townsell Bear Creek Heritage Center is a museum that tells the story of Bear Creek of West Irving, one of the oldest established black communities in North Texas. Dallas Black Restaurant Week promotes and celebrates some black owned restaurants
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Lewis Black


culture topics against each other as a panel of comedians argued, in the style of a court trial, which is more evil, e.g., "Paris Hilton vs. Dick Cheney" and "Internet Porn vs. YouTube". After hearing arguments from both sides, Black, acting as judge, made the final decision as to which is more evil. In 2008, Black hosted "History of the Joke with Lewis Black", a 2-hour comedy-documentary on The History Channel. Comedy Central's "Stand-Up Month"
18528174
Bud Black


year extension through 2013, with club options in 2014 and 2015. In 2010, Black presided over the worst collapse in Padres history when they went on a ten-game losing streak with a little over a month left in the season, went 12-16 in September and squandered a 6 1/2 game lead over the Giants for the NL West title. Black nonetheless was the winner of the 2010 National League Manager of the Year Award, edging Dusty Baker of the Cincinnati Reds in voting by a single point. Black is
1526809
Association for the Study of African American Life and History


in Washington, D.C. ASNLH was renamed the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History in 1973. ASALH's official mission is "to promote, research, preserve, interpret, and disseminate information about Black life, history, and culture to the global community." ASALH's official vision is " to be the premier Black Heritage and learned society with a diverse and inclusive membership supported by a strong network of national and international branches to continue the Woodson legacy." ASALH created Negro History Week in 1926.
16852949
African American Policy Forum


action at the Pratt Institute in conjunction with their BlackLivesMatter Teach-In program. In late March to early April 2015, AAPF launched a week-long online series dedicated to elevating the status of Black women entitled #HerDreamDeferred. AAPF co-organized this initiative with The Lawyer's Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, The National Organization for Women, Institute for Women's Policy Research, Black Women's Blueprint, PACE and other racial and gender justice leaders in honor of Women's History Month and the UN Declaration of 2015 as
16389039
Social history


History." Since 1926 it has sponsored Black History Month every February. Ethnic history is especially important in the U.S. and Canada, where major encyclopedias helped define the field. It covers the history of ethnic groups (usually not including blacks or Native Americans). Typical approaches include critical ethnic studies; comparative ethnic studies; critical race studies; Asian-American, and Latino/a or Chicano/a studies. In recent years Chicano/Chicana studies has become important as the Hispanic population has become the largest minority in the
5266727
PAOK FC


and white striped shirt. Shorts and socks are usually black with white lines, but it's never the same for a long time. For many seasons in history the shorts were white with black lines. In general, there is nothing stable for a long period. In the club's 91-year history there are over 100 changes, with variations of black and white with shirt and shorts. In addition to classic black and white, the club has used purple, blue, orange, silver and red as an alternative. Every
18606764
Andover F.C.


tournament named in honour of a former player who appeared for both teams), together with two other invited clubs. Andover's traditional strip of red and black stripes was worn for the vast majority of their history. This was changed to red and black quarters in 1950 and remained so until 1957 when the club reverted to the traditional stripes. When promotion to the Southern League was gained in 1972, the team's colours were changed, this time to red with a single white stripe. This kit was worn until 1988,
21199197
Jean Augustine


Congress of Black Women of Canada in 1987. In the 1993 federal election, Augustine became the first Black Canadian woman elected to the Parliament of Canada; she served three terms as Chair of the National Liberal Women's Caucus. In February 2002, Augustine was elected Chair of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade. While in office, Jean Augustine was solely responsible for championing legislation to recognize February as Black History Month in Canada with a unanimous vote of 305–0. This statement allowed Canadians to honour their Black history during
11814262
Carter G. Woodson


"The Negro in American History: Men and Women Eminent in the Evolution of the American of African Descent". Woodson believed that education and increasing social and professional contacts among blacks and whites could reduce racism and he promoted the organized study of African-American history partly for that purpose. He would later promote the first Negro History Week in Washington, D.C., in 1926, forerunner of Black History Month.The Bronzeville neighborhood declined during the late 1960s and 1970s like many other inner-city neighborhoods across the country, and
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Danny Glover


headquarters. When they refused, Starks says officers arrested them." While attending San Francisco State University (SFSU), Glover was a member of the Black Students' Union, which, along with the Third World Liberation Front and the American Federation of Teachers, collaborated in a five-month student-led strike to establish a Department of Black Studies. The strike was the longest student walkout in U.S. history. It helped create not only the first Department of Black Studies but also the first School of Ethnic Studies in the
6953311
History of Halifax (former city)


week. Some of the black students entered into business in Halifax while others were hired as servants. New Horizons Baptist Church (formerly known as the African Chapel and the African Baptist Church) is a Baptist church in Halifax, Nova Scotia that was established by Black Refugees in 1832. When the chapel was completed, black citizens of Halifax were reported to be proud of this accomplishment because it was evidence that former slaves could establish their own institutions in Nova Scotia. Under the direction of Richard Preston, the church laid the foundation
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Pauline Short Robinson


Colorado. She scheduled the first Negro History Week at the New Hope Baptist Church; this commemoration was the predecessor for Black History Month in Denver. Robinson was present at the 1996 dedication of a newly-built branch of the Denver Public Library which was named in her honor. Located in the Northeast Park Hill neighborhood, the branch became part of the revitalization of Holly Square, offering popular programs such as the After School is Cool arts and crafts program for 8–12-year-olds, and the Pauline Robinson Book Club. Robinson was
15940298
Miriam Matthews


. As part of her commitment to honor African American contributions, Matthews pioneered efforts to establish a "Negro History Week" (now Black History Month) in Los Angeles in 1929; she remained involved in the annual celebration thereafter. Her essay for the California African American Museum was used in support of efforts to rename a Manhattan Beach neighborhood Bruce's Beach, in honor of the African American family that established a resort called Bruce's Lodge in that location in 1912. In the 1920s, city officials began condemnation efforts and the
4704657
History of slavery


political debates about it. Black history was promoted very largely at black colleges. The situation changed dramatically with the coming of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s. Attention shifted to the enslaved humans, the free blacks, and the struggles of the black community against adversity. Peter Kolchin described the state of historiography in the early 20th century as follows: Historians James Oliver Horton and Lois E. Horton described Phillips' mindset, methodology and influence: The racist attitude concerning slaves carried over into the historiography of the Dunning School of Reconstruction
18258712
Liberation psychology


, is central to black psychology. Furthermore, black psychology is thought of as inherently liberationist as it argues that addressing the psychology of black persons necessitates understanding, and addressing, the history and sociopolitical power structure that has resulted in the global oppression of individuals of African descent. Proponents of black psychology operate within the social orientation of liberation psychology, contending that Eurocentric ideologies of traditional psychology lack relevance when dealing with black communities. Therefore, an Afrocentric conceptualization that recognizes the unique history of individuals of African-descent is necessary when dealing
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Together (TV channel)


on Sky. October 2010 saw the celebration of Black History Month on Community Channel. Programmes included "Black History and Me", "Girl Guiding Anniversary", "Future Shorts", "Penny Revolution" and "Evicted". In November 2010, Community Channel took a deeper look at deprivation during Poverty Month, with programmes including "The Street: Film with the Homeless" and "SPIT: Squeegee Punks In Traffic". The Nick Broomfield Season, the "Strictly Politics" documentary, and Unicef and Children in
17724220
Jay Fielden


. “Why did "Esquire" do this in February, which is Black History Month?” (It's the March cover subject). But March is Women's History Month! Although my favorite complaint is when people say, “Who thought this was a good idea?” Why isn't "someone" an acceptable answer? Journalist Kate Rosman posted a tweet, saying, “It's a story that matters to a lot of parents of kind, empathetic boys who feel confused by society's assumptions that they
19104200
Nick News with Linda Ellerbee


known for allowing normal teenagers to speak out on their own personal opinions on a number of past and current worldwide issues and topics, including events such as Black History Month. "Nick News" has been hosted by Linda Ellerbee since the show's inception in 1992. Ellerbee was one of five candidates auditioned over the course of two weeks. She was chosen because her competitors were "too loud and obnoxious", claimed one of the show's set designers. According to Ellerbee: "I was honored when I was named
1144057
History of Wichita, Kansas


closed, ignoring taunts from counterprotesters. The sit-in ended three weeks later when the owner relented and agreed to serve black patrons, taking place 18 months before the more widely publicized Greensboro sit-ins in January 1960. A -long bronze sculpture first announced in 1998 at a cost of $3 million marks the site of the successful sit-in, with a lunch counter and patrons depicting the protest. From 1974 to 1991 serial killer Dennis Rader murdered 10 victims in and around the Wichita area. Until his identity was
12404282
Racism: A History


. It comes as no surprise that many countries supported South Africa. In the United States African American soldiers returning from the war in 1946 were lynched at the rate of one a week. Protests led finally to the passing of anti-lynching laws. When schools were desegregated, violence erupted, resulting in the death of 14-year-old Emmett Till in 1955, the photo of whose mutilated face, testimony of extreme viciousness and hate, bore witness of the white man's savagery towards blacks. Four months later the Civil Rights
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Camille A. Brown


Linguistic Play” (2015). Drawing on historic and contemporary rhythms, rituals, and gestural vocabulary of the African Diaspora, "ink" reclaims African-American narratives by showcasing their authenticity. The work examines the culture of Black life that is often appropriated, rewritten, or silenced. Recently, Camille A. Brown & Dancers was honored to partner with Google Arts & Culture on an exciting project for Black History Month exploring the story of Black history and culture through dance where "ink” was highlighted and filmed at Brooklyn Historical
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Richard Short (military artist)


. On February 2, 2017, the "Montreal Gazette" published an article about one of Short's drawings of Quebec, as part of its coverage of Black History Month. The image showed a number of distant figures, including a black boy, in fancy clothes, attending a pair of affluent civilians, inspecting damage to a church. The article claims, Short captured "“...the first image of a black person in Quebec, maybe even in Canadian history,”" most likely a slave. Some sources describe
9791452
Black History Month (song)


"Black History Month" is the third single from Death from Above 1979's album "You're a Woman, I'm a Machine". The song was given its title by drummer and vocalist Sebastien Grainger, simply because it was written in February. It reached number 48 on the UK single chart. The song is also featured on the in-game soundtrack for Project Gotham Racing 3 for the Xbox 360, and appears on the soundtrack for Tony Hawk's American Wasteland. The b-side on the CD single
1449524
Wormhole


Schwarzschild metric describes an idealized black hole that exists eternally from the perspective of external observers; a more realistic black hole that forms at some particular time from a collapsing star would require a different metric. When the infalling stellar matter is added to a diagram of a black hole's history, it removes the part of the diagram corresponding to the white hole interior region, along with the part of the diagram corresponding to the other universe. The Einstein–Rosen bridge was discovered by Ludwig Flamm in 1916, a few months after
15231711
Black Country


the Black Country in the area of Netherton. Three anchors and accompanying chains were manufactured; and the set weighed in at 100 tons. The centre anchor alone weighed 12 tons and was pulled through Netherton on its journey to the ship by 20 Shire horses. In 1913, the Black Country was the location of arguably one of the most important strikes in British trade union history when the workers employed in the area's steel tube trade came out for two months in a successful demand for a 23 shilling minimum weekly wage for unskilled
7276146
Edith Ramsay


milk. In 1928, she became the manager of Heckford Street Evening Institute that offered classes for mothers, workers and the unemployed. Ramsay has been featured in documentaries, and had a book written about her by a colleague, Bertha Sokoloff, titled "Edith and Stepney: 60 Years of Education, Politics and" "Social Change: The Life of Edith Ramsey". Ramsay was celebrated as a black British achiever in a workshop series that explored her writings during Black History Month. Gateway Housing Association in London contains a housing
12217887
History of the Jews in Tunisia


, according to which they were obliged to wear a black chechia (and not red, like the Muslims), a black or dark blue turban (and not white) and black shoes and not of bright color. They could not live outside their assigned neighborhoods and could not access real estate. Finally, when they were victims of vexations or violence, they did not receive reparation for the harm they have suffered. Yet the relationship between Jews and Arabs changed dramatically from the middle of the century, due to the emergence
12699072
Commemoration of the American Civil War


the sense among Black citizens that the Southern White population is resistant to any change in the "Lost Cause" narrative and instead prefers and only supports the marginalization of African Americans by being represented as enslaved persons. The men and women of the Participant group suggest changes in data collection from African American families and communities, preferring more personalized histories be found and represented when telling their history. Facilitators list the inclusion of the USCT history as well as the stories of the diversity of the African American lives and communities both before and after
16063647
Demographic history of Detroit


1943. The defense industries attracted 50,000 blacks from the South in the Second Great Migration, along with 300,000 whites mostly from rural Appalachia and Southern States. Many industries in Detroit were willing to hire blacks for work, particularly during the war when there was a shortage of white workers. By 1940, nearly 12% of automotive giant Ford’s workers were black. While there may have been many jobs available to new immigrants to the city, the rapidly changing population created a significant housing crisis in Detroit. Most black residents who
21862154
Rapid City Public Library


books focusing on Black Hills history, scrapbooks related to Rapid City mayors and city issues, and miscellaneous collections on a wide spectrum of local history subjects. Local history resources also include online digital collections, such as the Black Hills Knowledge Network of local information; the Rapid City oral history project; and thousands of images and documents related to Rapid City and the Black Hills. The RCPL-North location is unusual in that during the day, it is used as a school library and closed to the public. When school is
11098626
The Mis-Education of the Negro


economic and social change. In chapter 18, “The Study of the Negro,” Woodson emphasizes the importance of again knowing the history and the importance of African American culture. He strongly believed that Blacks need to study their history more. Dr. Woodson believed that blacks have come to hate their history due to slavery and being treated unfairly but are strongly taught to learn and respect other cultures’ history. Many praised Woodson and his work as a glimpse into the problems that plague African Americans' social advancement. Ron Daniels,
18869128
Pauline A. Young


number of Dunbar materials in her possession: Young wanted to have the Dunbar and Dunbar-Nelson collections kept at an educational center. She wanted the collection in a "black place," so the majority of the collection went to Howard University. Young was a leader in preserving black history in Delaware. Young began collecting memorabilia, newspaper and magazine clippings in the 1920s. The works that she compiled focused on Black history specifically related to Delaware. Young also documented black family histories. When asked about how her collection began Young
804170
Rosewood massacre


possibility of a happy ending. In "The New York Times" E.R. Shipp suggests that Singleton's youth and his background in California contributed to his willingness to take on the story of Rosewood. She notes Singleton's rejection of the image of black people as victims and the portrayal of "an idyllic past in which black families are intact, loving and prosperous, and a black superhero who changes the course of history when he escapes the noose, takes on the mob with double-barreled ferocity and saves many women and children
17023878
Black & Blue (Backstreet Boys album)


Black & Blue is the fourth studio album (third in the US) by American vocal-pop group Backstreet Boys. It was released on November 21, 2000 by Jive Records. It is their follow-up album to their 1999 studio release "Millennium". The album recorded the best international sales in a week for an album in history by selling over 5 million copies in its first week of sales globally. In the United States, "Black & Blue" sold 1.5 million copies in its first week of release
19174474
Yolanda King


understood fully. On February 1, 1994 King attempted to speak before a diverse class of students at North Central College. She stated, "It is entirely appropriate that you would choose to focus on multiculturalism as the opening activity of Black History Month. The only reason why Black History Month was created and still exists is because America is still struggling and trying to come to grips, come to terms with the diversity of its people." In July 1994, after seeing some photographs of her father prior to his death,
19877898
Black grasswren


Natural History Museum led a party to the same area to find it. Its natural habitat is Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation and open woodland, punctuated by large sandstone boulders and slabs. It has been classified as "Near Threatened" as bushfires have become more frequent, as has rainfall, which has altered the landscape. Black grasswrens are not highly mobile and have possibly become locally extinct around Manning Creek due to fire before 2007. The black grasswren is seldom seen – even when most people visit (in the cooler months)
8576658
Wilhelmina Marguerita Crosson


need for remedial reading classes, she developed Boston's first remedial reading program in 1935. Crosson's pioneering methods were so successful that administrators and other teachers were regularly sent to observe her classes, and she was invited to lecture on the subject. In 1925 she founded the Aristo Club of Boston, an organization of black professional women who studied and taught black history and awarded scholarships to black children. The Boston school system began observing Negro History Week as a result of the Aristo Club's efforts. In 1933, Crosson published
11282858
Clement Alexander Price


Wright Lecture Series is presented by the Institute, one of the longest running and considered among the most prestigious Black History Month observances in the country. It was founded in 1981 by Price and Giles R. Wright, the inaugural director of the Afro-American History Program at the New Jersey Historical Commission. In 2015, the lecture series celebrated its 35th Anniversary with the theme "Curating Black America", honoring the forthcoming opening of the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C. The 36th Annual Marion
1533496
Paul Mooney (comedian)


suddenly. In 2006, Paul Mooney hosted the BET tribute to Black History Month titled "25 Most @#%! Moments in Black History". In this show, he narrated some of the most shameful incidents involving African Americans since 1980. The top 25 moments included incidents involving Marion Barry, Terrell Owens, Wilson Goode, Michael Jackson, Flavor Flav, Whitney Houston, and Tupac Shakur. In 2007, Mooney released his first book, the memoir "Black is the New White". In November 2014, Paul's brother
420309
Veda Brown


, at one time leading a choir of over 100 which won a contest on BET (Black Entertainment Television). Particularly influenced by the music and work of Mahalia Jackson, she has continued to perform and teach gospel music in Missouri's Bootheel area. In the 1990s she was chosen to participate as a master artist in Missouri's Traditional Arts Apprenticeship Program. In 2006 she directed a Black History Month program in celebration of black history at Kennett High School. A number of her 1970s recordings, including some previously unissued, were
9662932
Black Panther Party, Winston-Salem, North Carolina Chapter


age of twenty. Little, a high school basketball star with no college education or political background, first became interested in the Black Panther Party as a teen when he listened to self-proclaimed Panthers from A & T speak at a rally. His interest in Black history, and determination to make a change, led to his rise as the leader of the group. (? after Greer's failure to devote himself fully to the work, and success of their chapter.) Little devoted himself fully to the Party and
14805897
Hull City A.F.C.


Hull City A.F.C. not changing their name after an FA vote. Greg Dyke, chairman of the FA, reportedly voted yes to a change. For most of the club's history, Hull have worn black and amber shirts with black shorts. These black and amber colours are where Hull's nickname, "The Tigers", originated from. However, in the club's first match against Notts County in 1904, white shirts were worn, with black shorts and black socks. During their first season in the League, Hull
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