what kind of dog is a lhasa apso
Lhasa Apso


The Lhasa Apso ( ) is a non-sporting dog breed originating in Tibet. It was bred as an interior sentinel in the Buddhist monasteries, to alert the monks to any intruders who entered. Lhasa is the capital city of Tibet, and "apso" is a word in the Tibetan language meaning "bearded," so, Lhasa Apso simply means "long-haired Lhasa dog." There are, however, some who claim that the word "apso" is a form of the Tibetan word "rapso"
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Lhasa Apso


genetics management program perpetuating the genetic lineage of the Gompa Lhasa Apso. Not having undergone selection to a written standard, this unique gene pool represents the Lhasa Apso as it developed as a landrace. GLAPP's internal database contains records of all dogs being used to perpetuate this genetic lineage and includes DNA Profiling, DNA Parentage Verification, and microchip identification. Dogs born within the Preservation Program continue to be registered with UKC. In August 2011, seventeen dogs from the Gompa Lhasa Apso Preservation Program entered the American Kennel Club (AKC)
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Lhasa Apso


-fall, the musculation and body structure, the general hardiness, and longevity of the breed. Today, in the USA, there exists a unique group of Lhasa Apsos known within the fancy as the Gompa dogs. (Gompa is the Tibetan word for a monastery’s main meditation hall.) These Lhasa Apsos are direct descendants of the Lhasa Apsos from the Drepung monastery in Tibet, where, in 1941, Lama Gyen Yeshe was gifted Preserving the Future, Enlisting the Past his first Lhasa Apso by a High Reincarnate Lama
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Lhasa Apso


or try to back away. Time and patience will build trust between the Lhasa and owner. A Lhasa Apso responds to exercise and discipline with calm assertive energy. These dogs require early socialization with dogs and other people as puppies and throughout their lives. Because Lhasa Apsos are an independent and intelligent breed, house training puppies requires consistency. They require patience and may be slow to house train, but in return, they can be quite comical, entertaining, and caring companions. They aim to please their owners and enjoy training
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Lhasa Apso


and endure blindness with few noticeable changes in behavior. The Lhasa Apso originated on the Himalayan plateau in the area of Tibet. They were domesticated and actively bred perhaps as long ago as 800 BC, which makes the Lhasa Apso one of the oldest recognized breeds in the world. Referred to in Tibet as Apso Seng Kyi, which can be translated as "Bearded Lion Dog," the Lhasa's primary function was that of a household sentinel, guarding the homes of Tibetan nobility and Buddhist monasteries, particularly in or near the
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Lhasa Apso


be very aggressive to strangers. They rank 68th (out of 79) in Stanley Coren's "The Intelligence of Dogs", being of fair working-obedience intelligence. Lhasa Apsos are independent as well as very loyal and eager-to-please dogs, yet they may be suspicious toward strangers. While Lhasa Apsos show loyalty to their owners, they will let their masters know when they don't want to do something. They will lie flat without moving, "put on the brakes" and refuse to walk forward
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Lhasa Apso


. In the 1980s, nine Lhasa Apsos bred by the late Lama Gyen Yeshe or sired by one of his dogs were brought into Canada. Bred together for a number of years, descendants were eventually registered with the United Kennel Club (UKC). In 2000, the remaining descendants entered the United States as part of a successful rescue. Since then, organized efforts have been made to maintain the dogs and preserve the line. The Gompa Lhasa Apso Preservation Program (GLAPP), a 501(c)3 organization, is a small population
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Lhasa Apso


with various shadings. Lhasas can be with or without dark tips at the ends of ears and beard. The tail should be carried well over the dog's back. The breed standard currently used by the American Kennel Club was approved on July 11, 1978. Having been bred as an indoor monastery-sentinel dog by Tibetan Buddhist monks, Lhasa Apsos are alert with a keen sense of hearing. The ideal Lhasa temperament is to be wary of strangers while being loyal to those closest to them. Left untrained, they can
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Lhasa Apso


, it is susceptible to sebaceous adenitis, a hereditary skin disease that occurs primarily in Standard Poodles but has also been reported in a number of other breeds, including the Lhasa Apso. They are also prone to the genetic disease progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) which can render them blind. Responsible breeders have their breeding dogs checked yearly by a canine ophthalmologist to check that they are not developing the disease, which is heritable in offspring. Lhasa Apsos are also prone to eye diseases, such as cherry eye and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (
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Lhasa Apso


. While their personality belies their size, they need a home that is mindful that there is a small dog in the house to prevent injury. They enjoy vantage points in the house where they can view all that is going on. The Lhasa Apso is a long-lived breed, with many living in good health into their early 20s. The average age for these dogs is 12–14. There are few health problems specific to the breed. Their vision may deteriorate with age, but they are not sight-oriented dogs
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Kyi-Leo


The Kyi-Leo (pronounced "ki" as in "kite") is a small yet sturdy rare dog breed originating from the crossing of a Maltese and a Lhasa Apso. It is also known as a Maltese Lion dog, and is often confused with the Lhasa Apso-Maltese hybrids or Lhatese. While the Kyi-Leo is officially classified as a particular breed or brand, the Lhatese remains a hybrid to cover mixes of the two other breeds. It was first introduced in the 1950s in the San Francisco Bay
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Zentarr Elizabeth


Ch. Zentarr Elizabeth (2005–2017), also known as Elizabeth, was a Lhasa Apso show dog bred and handled by Margaret Anderson who won Best in Show at Crufts in 2012. She also placed third at the Eukanuba World Challenge in 2011. Elizabeth was Reserve Best in Show at the Midland Lhasa Apso Association conformation show in April 2009. She was breed leader in the Dog World (newspaper) / Arden Grange Top dog competitions in 2009 and Best in Show at the British Utility Breeds Association championship show in 2010. Elizabeth
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Lhasa Apso


meaning "goat-like" which would make the equivalent translation "woolly Lhasa dog." Male Lhasa Apsos should ideally be at the withers and weigh about . The females are slightly smaller and weigh between . The breed standard requires dark brown eyes and a black nose, although liver-colored Lhasas have a brown nose. The texture of the coat is heavy, straight, hard, neither woolly nor silky, and very dense. They come in a wide variety of colors including black, white, red, and gold
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Lhasa Apso


air as compared to other breeds. People with allergies may co-exist with the low-shedding breeds of dogs like the Lhasa Apso. Coming from the extremely cold weather of the Himalayas, the Lhasa has a double coat: an undercoat to keep them warm and an outer coat consisting of guard hairs for protection and aiding to keep their coat flat and smooth. The outer coat consisting of the guard hair should be similar to human hair; one should be able to feel individual hair strands when touched. While the undercoat
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Lhasa Apso


studbook. The goal of recording recently imported region-of-origin Lhasa Apsos is to increase genetic diversity while maintaining the integrity of the AKC studbook. Like most mammals, all dogs slough off dander, or flake dead skin. Since dander and many other allergens become trapped in hair, the susceptibility of allergies acting up is dependent on the amount of hair shed and the weight of the hair. As the amount of hair shed increases and the weight of the hair decreases, the probability of airborne hair, dander, and
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Zentarr Elizabeth


competition. She won the utility group at Manchester show in January 2012 and she also won Best of Breed at the South East Lhasa Apso Society show that year. She has been awarded 24 CCs At Crufts in 2011, she won Best of Breed and went on to place reserve in the Utility Group to the Standard Poodle Ch. Vicmars Rave on JW. Elizabeth entered Crufts in 2012, along with 21,000 other dogs. She won the Lhasa Apso Best of Breed title and moved on to take the Utility Group, qualifying her
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Lhasa Apso


few of the breed were brought by military men returning from the Indian subcontinent to England, where the breed was referred to as the "Lhasa Terrier." The original American pair of Lhasas was a gift from Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama to C. Suydam Cutting, arriving in the United States in 1933. Mr. Cutting had traveled in Tibet and met the Dalai Lama there. At this time, there was only one Lhasa Apso registered in England. The breed was at first called the Lhasa Terrier, later the Lhasa Apso
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Lhasa Apso


sacred city of Lhasa. The large Tibetan Mastiffs guarded the monasteries' entrances, but the keen hearing and sharp bark of the Lhasa Apso served to warn residents by acting like a burglar alarm if an intruder happened to get past the exterior guards. It was believed that the bodies of the Lhasa Apsos could be entered by souls of deceased lamas while they awaited rebirth into a new body. Lhasas in Tibet were never sold. The only way a person could get one was as a gift. In the early 1900s, a
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Norbert (dog)


Norbert is a fluffy, 7" tall mixed breed registered therapy dog, best known for his Norbert picture book series, and his popularity on social media. Norbert's breed is unknown, but is suspected to be a cross between 3 dog breeds, chihuahua, cairn terrier & lhasa apso. Norbert's time, money and book revenue is given to various charitable causes throughout the United States. His first book, "Norbert: What Can Little Me Do?" was published by Polly Parker Pressand won nine book awards in
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C. Suydam Cutting


heating appliances. The Dalai Lama also wanted an ostrich, but it was felt that the animal wouldn't have survived the journey. Eventually, the Dalai Lama permitted Cutting and Arthur Stannard Vernay to enter Lhasa and gave Cutting the first Lhasa Apso dogs that entered the U.S. in 1933. After his expedition to Lhasa, Cutting wrote a book that was published commercially about his travels over the course of fifteen years, entitled "The Fire Ox and Other Years". He also wrote a number of articles for the Museum of Natural
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Companion dog


the Lhasa Apso's job as a watch dog, or the delicate Yorkshire Terrier's exceptional rat catching abilities. Companion Dog ("CD" added to the dog's registered name) - is officially a "Novice obedience Title" in the AKC Competition Obedience Ring, whereby a team enters the "ring" with 200 points, and needs to leave with at least 170 points to "qualify". It requires three "legs" (trials) under three different AKC judges. Any dog can earn a CD title.
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Lhasa Apso


is softer and finer, it should lie flat and blend with the outer coat. Routine brushing and bathing are necessary, not only to keep up on the slow continuous shedding but also to remove any dirt and debris that may get caught within the hair strands. A Lhasa with a thick, coarse outer coat will likely require less grooming than a Lhasa with a lot of undercoats and soft, less coarse top coat. The Lhasa Apso is prone to a few health problems but is still a very healthy breed. For example
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Shih Tzu


called the Tibetan Lion Dog;, but whether the breed should be referred to as "Tibetan" or "Chinese" is a source of both historical and political contention, as the subsequent section notes. A book on the breed states that "dog historians tend to have very strong opinions" on the subject. There are various theories of the origins of today's breed. Theories relate that it stemmed from a cross between the Pekingese and Lhasa Apso, a Tibetan dog given by the Dalai Lama to Chinese emperors near the
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Dog grooming


from the short-coated dogs and are some of the most popular grooming tools amongst pet owners. They are easy to use, as using them basically means massaging the coat in firm strokes and have the advantage of being suitable for both wet and dry coats. Some breeds of dog, such as the Lhasa Apso, do not shed fur but have hair that grows constantly. As such, the fur around the legs and belly can get very long and become matted and the hair around the eyes can impair the dog's
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Lhasa Apso


allergens increases. This will, therefore, increase one's allergies to a particular animal. Lhasas have long coarse hair which causes the weight of the hair to be heavy. Due to the long length of hair, Lhasa Apsos do not shed hair the same way as other breeds. Instead, they shed hair like humans, slowly and continuously, as to keep their hygiene clean and risk of matting and tangling low. The long, heavy hair prevents individual hair strands to become airborne and decreases the amount of dander in the
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Shih Tzu


the ability to feel deep pain sensations. IVDD commonly occurs in certain toy breeds, such as Dachshund, Pekingese, French Bulldog, Beagle, Basset Hound, American Cocker spaniel, Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, and Welsh Corgi. Shih Tzu have a number of respiratory problems related to the shape of their face and head. Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome is a common problem and mostly affects dogs with short noses (brachycephalic breeds). An obstruction in the upper airways causes the dog to have labored breathing. Not every brachycephalic dog
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Kyi-Leo


the Tibetan and Latin languages. “Kyi” is the Tibetan word for dog; this acknowledges the Lhasa Apso breed which first came from Tibet. “Leo” is the Latin word for Lion; this acknowledges the Maltese which is also known as the “Maltese Lion dog”. Since then the Kyi-Leo breed has slowly spread throughout the United States, and has recently become accepted by the American Rare Breed Association as a legitimate breed. The Kyi-Leo reaches 8-12 inches in height and 9-14
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Lap dog


of Tibetan Terrier, Lhasa Apso, Pug, and Shih Tzu. In the book "De Canibus Britannicis" published in English in 1576, the author describes lapdogs as a "type" of dog, "Spaniel Gentle or Comforter". Ancestors of the modern breed of Cavalier King Charles Spaniel were a type of "Spaniel Gentle" kept by English nobility in the 17th century. Modern breeds of lapdog also include the Bichon Frise, Japanese Terrier, Maltese, Pomeranian, Yorkshire Terrier and many others. The Phalène is the
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Shih Tzu


be possessive around other dogs. Training and proper socializing must start at a young age for the Shih Tzu to obey basic commands, for the Shih Tzu is prone to stubbornness when it comes to training. While the Shih Tzu is an excellent watchdog because of its alert and active nature, it was not specifically bred for this purpose. Unlike the Lhasa Apso, which was bred to be a sentinel dog that enjoys high perches and is wary of strangers, the Shih Tzu prefers to be close to its companions and will often
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Bladder stone (animal)


calcium oxalate stone formation because it forms a soluble complex with oxalates and promotes the formation of alkaline urine. Dog breeds possibly prone to calcium oxalate stones include Miniature Schnauzers, Lhasa Apsos, Yorkshire Terriers, Miniature Poodles, Shih Tzus, and Bichon Frises. They are the most common stone in male dogs. Calcium oxalate stones are also common in domestic rabbits. Rabbits are prone to hypercalciuria due to intestinal absorption of calcium not being dependent on vitamin D and a high fractional urinary excretion of calcium. The urine will appear thick and
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Snow Lion


Buddhism. The roar of the Snow Lion embodies the sound of 'emptiness' (Sanskrit: "Śūnyatā"), courage and truth, and because of this is often a synonym for the Buddhadharma, the Buddha’s teachings, as it implies freedom from karma and the challenging call to awakening. It was considered to be so powerful that just a single roar could cause seven dragons to fall from the sky. The Lhasa Apso is also called the Tibetan Lion Dog due to its resemblance to the Snow Lion. However it
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Lucky and Squash


that are Dyer's signature touch". "Lucky and Squash" is a children's book by Jeanne Birdsall, author of "Flora's Very Windy Day". It is illustrated with watercolor paintings by Jane Dyer, illustrator of more than fifty books. "Lucky and Squash" was published in 2012 by Harper. The book is appropriate for children between the ages of 3 and 7. The eponymous characters are dogs, Lucky being a brave Lhasa Apso and Squash being a smart Boston Terrier. They are based on two
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Tibetan kyi apso


The Tibetan Kyi Apso, also known as the Apso Do-Kyi or (in Western countries) the Tibetan Collie, is a rare Tibetan breed of livestock guardian dog. In Tibet, the Pashmina of this breed is occasionally saved and used to weave small carpets. In Tibetan, "kyi" means dog and "apso" is short for "ara" meaning moustache and "sog-sog" meaning hairy. It also qualifies in common parlance as a type of "do-khyi", meaning a dog that
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Tibetan Terrier


The Tibetan Terrier is a medium-size breed of dog that originated in Tibet. Despite its name, it is not a member of the terrier group. The breed was given its English name by European travelers due to its resemblance to known terrier breeds. The Tibetan name for the breed, Tsang Apso, roughly translates to "shaggy or bearded ("apso") dog, from the province of Tsang". Some old travelers' accounts refer to the dog as Dokhi Apso or "outdoor" Apso, indicating a
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Princess (web series)


Princess is a Flash animation series by Matt Stone and Trey Parker, the creators of "South Park". The story follows a Lhasa Apso dog. On December 8, 1999, Daily Variety reported that Parker and Stone were going to produce 39 shorts that were to be 3-5 minutes long. In January 2000, the duo announced that they would have full creative and artistic control of the series. The animated short was originally produced with Macromedia Flash in 2001 and was meant to be showcased on Macromedia's sister-
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Tibetan Terrier


were imported in 1956 by Dr. Henry and Mrs. Alice Murphy of Great Falls, Virginia. In 1973, the American Kennel Club recognized the breed, classifying it as part of the non-sporting group. Tibetan Terriers are related to and have contributed to the development of other breeds, including the Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Tibetan Spaniel, Polish Lowland Sheepdog, among others. The Tibetan Terrier is a powerful, medium-sized dog of square proportions, with a shaggy coat. They vary widely in height and weight,
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Kyi-Leo


area by the accidental crossing of a Maltese and a Lhasa Apso, which caught the attention of several individuals. The most notable was Mrs. Harriet Linn, who acquired several of these dogs in 1965 and later acquired several more from the San Jose kennel in 1969; from then on she began to seriously breed them. In 1972 there was enough interest among owners and breeders to come together and formally recognize this breed. It was at this meeting that they formally decided on calling it a Kyi-Leo. The name comes from
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Tracheal collapse


, Pomeranian, Toy Poodle, Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Maltese, Pug, and Yorkshire Terrier. Congenital tracheal collapse appears to be caused by a deficiency of normal components of tracheal ring cartilage like glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, calcium, and chondroitin. Acquired tracheal collapse can be caused by Cushing's syndrome, heart disease, and chronic respiratory disease and infection. Symptoms include a cough (often called a "goose honk cough" due to its sound), especially when the dog is excited. This cough is usually paroxysmal in
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Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends


-Friends". They live together in Peter's aunt's home with her and a pet dog, Ms. Lion (adopted from Firestar), a Lhasa Apso. Together, the superheroes battle various supervillains. Some stories featured team-ups with other characters from the Marvel Universe, including Captain America, Thor, Iron Man, Sunfire, and the mid-1970s X-Men. A number of characters in the series were original characters that did not appear in the comics prior to the premiere of the series: One of the
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List of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends characters


Friends". They live together in Peter's Aunt May's home with her and a pet dog, Ms. Lion, a Lhasa Apso, who often acts as comic relief. The show also featured Spider-Man's customary sense of humour and had a running gag of Iceman and Firestar (who can use their powers to get in to "costume" as shown in the opening titles) waiting for Peter to change in to the Spider-Man Suit. Together, the superheroes battle various supervillains. Actor Dan Gilvezan gave
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C. Suydam Cutting


History in the 1930’s, including articles about his expedition and articles about hunting with a Maharajah’s specially trained cheetahs (which was collected in "As Told at the As Told at the Explorer’s Club: More than Fifty Tales of Adventure" edited by George Plimpton). Cutting is credited with helping to save the Galapagos tortoise from extinction and with bringing the first Lhasa Apso dogs to the United States. In 1932, Cutting was married to Helen McMahon (1894–1961), who joined him on his second expedition to Tibet
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Cherry eye


young dogs, especially breeds such as Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, English Bulldog, Lhasa Apso, Shih Tzu, West Highland White Terrier, Pug, Bloodhound, American Cocker Spaniel, and Boston Terrier Cherry eye is rare in felines, but can occur. This defect is most common in the Burmese breed of felines. A similar condition exists in dwarf lop-eared rabbits, which occurs in the harderian gland. Similar surgical treatment is necessary. Cherry eye is not considered a genetic problem, as no proof of inheritance has been
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Familial renal disease in animals


basement membrane disease of the kidneys that can progress to renal failure. German Shepherd dogs can be affected by multiple cystadenocarcinomas of the kidney. It is inherited and appears between the ages of five and 11 years. Blood in the urine is often seen. It is sometimes accompanied by nodules in the skin or multiple uterine leiomyomas. Lhasa Apsos and Shih Tzus can both be affected by renal dysplasia before the age of five years. It does progress to renal failure. It can be accompanied by fibrous osteodystrophy, caused by calcium absorption
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Frederick Marshman Bailey


Ward wrote a book by the same name documenting that expedition. He was among the earliest to import the Lhasa Apso breed of dog into Britain. He was in contact with others interested in Central Asia including Richard Meinertzhagen. He was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel 28 July 1926. He was the Resident at Baroda, Central India from 1930–32, and was appointed the Resident in Kashmir later in 1932 until 1933. In February 1935 he was appointed His Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Kathmandu. He held this appointment until
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Diane Lemaire


retirement, Lemaire concentrated on breeding Lhasa Apso dogs. Lemaire was awarded the Amelia Earhart Fellowship from Zonta International in 1962. She died on 27 October 2012, aged 89. In her will, dated 18 August 2010, Lemaire left a bequest of one fifth of her residuary estate to the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Melbourne, to support research in the field of fluid dynamics. The Melbourne School of Engineering established the Diane Lemaire Scholarship for female PhD students who have completed the equivalent of at least six months candidature and
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Tibetan kyi apso


tactics (e.g., barking, scent-marking perimeters) to warn away predators and avoid direct confrontations. The earliest mention of this dog breed comes from writings in the 19th and early 20th centuries about dogs from Central Asia, Tibet and the Himalayan countries. It is related to the Tibetan Mastiff. Captain George Augustus Graham, best known among dog fanciers as the founder of the Irish Wolfhound Club of Great Britain, imported a dog called a "Tibetan wolf dog". This dog is best described as a Kyi Apso.
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C. Suydam Cutting


Charles Suydam Cutting, CBE (January 17, 1889 – August 24, 1972) was an explorer, naturalist, society figure, philanthropist, and author. He travelled around the world on numerous expeditions including the Field Museum-Chicago Daily News Abyssinian"," Kelley-Roosevelts Asiatic, and Vernay-Cutting Expeditions. He was among the first Europeans to enter the forbidden city of Lhasa in Tibet and is credited with introducing the Lhasa Apso breed into the United States. Cutting was born in New York City on January 17
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Tibetan kyi apso


is tied. In Europe, this breed is often referred to as the Tibetan Collie, which is a misnomer, because it is not a collie. These large, playful dogs are recognized by their long, full coats, fully curled tails and "bearded" faces. This breed stands between 24-28 inches and weighs just under 100 lbs. In comparison to the Tibetan Mastiff, the Kyi Apso has a bearded, shaggy muzzle and longer hair overall but also its bone is not as hefty. Most Kyi Apsos appear
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Irish wolfhound


Tibetan Mastiff. The famous English Mastiff "Garnier's Lion" was bred to the Deerhound "Lufra", and their offspring "Marquis" entered wolfhound pedigrees through his granddaughter "Young Donagh". Graham included "a single outcross of Tibetan Wolf Dog". This was long assumed to have been a Tibetan Mastiff. However, a photograph of "Wolf" shows a bearded, long-coated dog—what would now be called a Tibetan kyi apso. In 1885 Captain Graham with other breeders founded the Irish Wolfhound Club
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Tibetan Terrier


and a topcoat which has the texture of human hair. It should not be silky or curled, but wavy is acceptable. Long and thick, it is shown natural, but should not be so long as to touch the floor, as is typical in breeds such as the Lhasa Apso or Maltese. A fall of hair covers the face and eyes, but long eyelashes generally prevent hair from getting in the Tibetan Terrier's eyes, and the breed has very good eyesight. All colours are permissible, barring liver and chocolate
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Lhasa Apso


. The American Kennel Club officially accepted the breed in 1935 in the Terrier Group, and in 1959 transferred the breed to the Non-Sporting Group. In the UK, they are placed in the Utility Group. Certain characteristics which are part of the breed type evolved as a result of the geographical and climatic environment — the high altitudes, the dry windy climate, the dusty terrain, the short hot summer, and the long bitterly cold winter of the Himalaya region. Among these are head features, the coat, eye
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Shih Tzu


end of the 17th century. Dogs during ancient times were selectively bred and seen in Chinese paintings. The dogs were favorites of the Chinese royals and so prized that, for years, the Chinese refused to sell, trade, or give any away. The first dogs of the breed were imported into Europe (England and Norway) in 1930 and were classified by the Kennel Club as "Apsos". The first European standard for the breed was written in England in 1935 by the Shih Tzu Club, and the dogs were
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Tibetan kyi apso


-gray (dilute black), often with white markings. It also lacks the unpleasant "big-dog" smell that affects many large breeds. The coat, whatever its length or color(s), should shed dirt and odors. Although the dogs shed somewhat throughout the year, there is generally one great "molt" in late winter or early spring and sometimes another, lesser molt in the late summer or early fall. (Sterilization of the dog may dramatically affect the coat as to texture, density, and shedding
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Dictum de omni et nullo


is universally affirmed of a kind is affirmable as well for any subkind of that kind. br Example: (1) Dogs are mammals.br (2) Mammals have livers. br Therefore (3) dogs have livers. Premise (1) states that "dog" is a subkind of the kind "mammal".br Premise (2) is a (universal affirmative) claim about the kind "mammal".br Statement (3) concludes that what is true of the kind "mammal" is true of the subkind "dog". Dictum
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Tibetan kyi apso


pattern.) Of the few dogs that have made it to the West, the temperament can best be described as generally relaxed, affectionate and peaceful, but are also very assertive in defense of their territory. They seem to be less serious than the Tibetan Mastiff, approaching life with a bit more whimsy and humor. They can turn deadly serious if the situation warrants it, but they do not sweat the small stuff. As a flock guardian dog in Tibet and in the West, it uses all the usual livestock guardian
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Tibetan kyi apso


much more temperate climates than its native climate. This characteristic is also found in wild canids such as the wolf and other wild animals. The dogs also go through a period of restlessness associated with the traditional yak migrations in Tibet. This creates a tendency for these dogs to want to roam periodically. Its double coat is long, subject to climate, and found in a wide variety of colors, including solid black, black and tan, various shades of "red" (from pale gold to deep red) and bluish
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Dictum de omni et nullo


de nullo is the related principle that whatever is denied of a kind is likewise denied of any subkind of that kind. br Example: (1) Dogs are mammals.br (4) Mammals do not have gills.br Therefore (5) dogs do not have gills. Premise (1) states that "dog" is a subkind of the kind "mammal".br Premise (4) is a (universal negative) claim about the kind "mammal".br Statement (5) concludes that what is denied of the kind "mammal" is denied
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Pumi dog


Hungary that is thought to have been introduced by the migration of the Magyars from Central Asia more than 1,000 years ago. It can probably be traced back to Tsang Apso (Tibetan Terrier). The ancestral Hungarian herding dog appears to have been brought west during the migration from the Ural-Altay regions around 800 AD. The Pumi arose from later cross-breeding with French and German sheepdogs, such as the Spitz and Briard. The breed evolved spontaneously and was not the result of planned breeding. Pulis were cross-bred
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Dreams of Joy


, his friendship with Pearl, and his devotion to May. The Dog is Tao, the village artist who Joy marries. As Pearl sees it, the question is what kind of Dog will Tao turn out to be. “’A Dog can be violent. . . Is he the kind of Dog you can trust and love, or will he bite you’”. Unfortunately Joy’s passionate view of Tao as a good Dog turns out to be false. Tao is a poor husband, an indifferent father, and
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Word of Faith


based on the notion that "everything reproduces after its own kind": Dollar: "If horses get together, they produce what?"br Congregation: "Horses!"br Dollar: "If dogs get together, they produce what?"br Congregation: "Dogs!"br Dollar: "If cats get together, they produce what?"br Congregation: "Cats!"br Dollar: "So if the Godhead says 'Let us make man in our image', and everything produces after its own kind, then they produce what?"br Congregation: "gods!"br Dollar: "gods. Little "
11219117
Historical money of Tibet


. In 1959 these issues were withdrawn from circulation and replaced by Chinese banknotes denominated in Renminbi Yuan. Among the most important mints in the early 20th century were one known by the name 'dod dpal (las khung) located in Shol, below the Potala Palace, and one located about 10 kilometers north/northeast of Lhasa in the Dode valley ("dog bde" or "dog sde" valley) Another important mint was located in Trabshi (4 kilometers north of Lhasa on the way to Sera monastery). This
16804491
Lhasa River


very large and imposing bridge over a hundred yards long, with masonry piers and substantial stone embankments. McGovern also described the Yutok-sampa, or Turquoise Bridge, a structure with walls and a roof that crossed what had been the main Lhasa River but was now a stagnant canal. As late as 1984 "kowas", yak hide boats similar to coracles, were being used to ferry passengers across the Lhasa River. The Liuwu Bridge was constructed across the Lhasa River to link central Lhasa to Lhasa Railway Station on the south
11091634
Tibetan kyi apso


lighter and more athletic than a Tibetan Mastiff, and lack the huge, sagging lips or dewlaps, facial wrinkles, or a lot of haw. Considered a primitive breed, it typically retains the hardiness which would be required for it to survive in Tibet and the high-altitude Himalayan range. Instinctive behaviors including canine pack behavior contributed to the survival of the breed in harsh environments. It is one of the few primitive dog breeds that retains a single estrus per year instead of two, even at much lower altitudes and in
2630919
Lhasa Zhol Pillar


The graceful stone pillar, the Lhasa Zhöl "rdo-rings" or Lhasa Zhol Pillar, also known as the Doring Chima, stood in the village of Shöl or Zhöl below the Potala Palace, in Lhasa, Tibet, China, dates as far back as circa 764 CE, "or only a little later," and is inscribed with what may be the oldest known example of Tibetan writing. The creation of the Tibetan script is traditionally attributed to Thonmi Sambhota who is said to have been sent to India early in
19436909
Tibetan independence movement


which proved to be unfounded, that Russia was extending its footprint into Tibet and possibly even giving military aid to the Tibetan government. But on his way to Lhasa, Younghusband killed 1,300 Tibetans in Gyangzê (as written in "The Great Game" by Peter Hopkirk) because the natives were in fear of what kind of unequal treaty the British would offer the Tibetans. Some documents claim that 5,000 Tibetans were killed by the British army. The Anglo-Chinese Convention of 1906 recognized Chinese suzerainty over the region and the Anglo-
9117787
2008 Lhasa violence


in part because it is difficult to reach people by phone in Lhasa." Tibetans face similar problems due to the strict controls on media reporting of events in Tibetan areas of China. James Miles, in an interview with CNN, made the following assessment, "What I saw was calculated targeted violence against an ethnic group, or I should say two ethnic groups, primarily ethnic Han Chinese living in Lhasa, but also members of the Muslim Hui minority in Lhasa." Also according to "The Economist", "The
18043269
Lhasa


5th Dalai Lama, the centre of political power in the Tibetan region was not situated in Lhasa. However, the importance of Lhasa as a religious site became increasingly significant as the centuries progressed. It was known as the centre of Tibet where Padmasambhava magically pinned down the earth demoness and built the foundation of the Jokhang Temple over her heart. Islam has been present since the 11th century in what is considered to have always been a monolithically Buddhist culture. Two Tibetan Muslim communities have lived in Lhasa with distinct homes, food and
9618351
Sera Monastery


attempted to be renovated in the 1990s, but met opposition from the local people because the site had always been associated with this controversial protector deity, so redevelopment was prevented. Purbuchok Hermitage ("Phur bu lcog ri khrod") is situated in the Lhasa suburb of "Dog bde" in the northern mountains at the north-east corner of the Lhasa Valley. It is the last hermitage to be visited on the “Sixth-Month Fourth-Day” ("drug pa tshe bzhi") pilgrimage circuit. Fairly
15438118
Rescue dog


it can also help them with separation anxiety and feeling a sense of security when they are at home. (5) Dogs will always provide unconditional love. Regardless of what may have happened minutes, hours, or days before, a dog will love you and will always be there, greeting with as much love and kindness as if nothing had ever gone wrong. A puppy farm is a commercial breeding dog facility. At these farms, the female dogs are used as breeding machines. With no rest in between, these
19663589
Sera Monastery


monks, on the basis of prophetic events that occurred during his visit to the place. The Nunnery's fame in recent years is the leading and bold role that some of the nuns have played in organizing silent demonstrations against the Chinese rule, and seeking freedom of Tibet. Many of the protesting nuns were arrested, incarcerated, brutally handled and released only after protracted detention. Negodong Nunnery, a historical hermitage, is located in the Lhasa suburb of "Dog bde", northeast of Sera (and also of Lhasa).
15438137
Foxy by Proxy


tree where Bugs is now undressed. The bunny giggles at the dog's intelligence, saying that "I've seen better heads on a glass of root beer!" At this point, Bugs (with his fox costume back on) stamps fox tracks to mislead this hound, which lead to train tracks, which the dog continues to follow. Once the dog reaches Bugs and tries to get him, Bugs questions what kind of tracks the dog was following, which ends up putting the dog on the front of a locomotive
14839662
Allergies in dogs


to identify what type of allergies the dog is suffering from, it is best to seek attention from a veterinarian to identify the best treatment possible. To identify which allergens the dog is allergic to veterinarians will commonly use a serum allergy test or a skin allergy test. Veterinarians will often recommend either over the counter Benadryl or Zyrtec to alleviate these problems or if the allergy is slightly more severe for example allergy immunotherapy. There are a number of different kinds of dog allergies dogs may be suffering from. The five main allergies include
8985041
Lhasa


Tibetan as their first language. The city's merchants catered to all kinds of tastes, importing even Australian butter and British whisky. In the 1940s, according to Heinrich Harrer:- After the establishment of Communist Chinese People's Republic of China, "(...) the People's Liberation Army (PLA) invaded the country in 1950. In March 1959, an uprising centered on the capital, Lhasa, prompted a massive crackdown, during which the Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso (b. 1935), fled into exile." Such
9618359
Dog grooming


vision. In such circumstances, hair trimming can be performed to keep the eyes clear of fur and keep the main body free of knots. However, some owners prefer breeds, such as the Lhasa, to have long, flowing coats that reach down to the floor and will undertake a greater brushing regime than is required for a dog that has its fur kept shorter. Stripping or hand-stripping is the process of pulling the dead hair out of the coat of a non-shedding dog, either by using a stripping
19950751
David Hughes (illustrator)


as accents or as punctuation," and he concurs, noting that he has used simple collage elements from some of his earliest work. Hughes particularly favours the use of postage stamps in his work, not just because of what they evoke: His Graphic Novel Walking The Dog, was published in 2009 to critical claim. The Observer wrote - On the outside, Walking the Dog looks like the kind of hardback a certain kind of man leaves on his coffee table so everyone can see how eclectic he is: expensive, colourful
18441547
Blu's Hanging


help them to process another kind of sadness and through the sadness, true happiness. Blu composes cartoons and sayings regarding what happiness is. "Happiness Is Gunther, Chloe, and Simon after they groom and bathe and stay in the house for on hour of love and play with their friends. When dogs happy, they dream. I seen my dog dreaming she was chasing a rabbit in her sleep. I love dogs." Finally, cats and dogs are used to seek revenge upon Uncle Paulo, a "human rat
4836302
Dingo–dog hybrid


stable wild dog populations and many of the remaining populations tend to have a high number of hybrids. It is unknown if, in the case of the disappearance of the "pure" dingo, the then-existing hybrids will alter the predation pressure on other species. It is also not clear what kind of place these dogs will have in the Australian ecosystem and research results on this topic are rare. However, it is considered probable that the dynamics of the various ecosystems will not be disturbed by this. One example in
11771096
Igor (Discworld)


clan motto is, "What goeth around, cometh around... or thtopth." Beyond surgery, Igors have an advanced knowledge of what they call "bio-artificing" (a kind of genetic engineering which, on the Discworld, involves "very small stitches") and often create "pets" for themselves, such as dogs made from various dog breeds and a rabbit with human ears growing out of it. A hamster created by such methods apparently broke out of its cage and chewed off a man's leg before
5513190
Categorization


this that the rules of UG must be somehow encoded innately in the human brain. Ordinary categories, however, such as "dogs," have abundant examples of nonmembers (cats, for example). So it is possible to learn, by trial and error, with error-correction, to detect and define what distinguishes dogs from non-dogs, and hence to correctly categorize them. This kind of learning, called reinforcement learning in the behavioral literature and supervised learning in the computational literature, is fundamentally dependent on the
21425557
Mêdog County


Lhasa and region of Pemako. Hence tax to be paid to Tibet Lhasa govt which was compulsory for all the people living in the region in the form of cash or kind. Region of pemako was divided among different monastery and different aristocratic family. Some region of Pemako pay tax to Sera monastery in form of grains, chillis, bamboo poles for prayer flags (Dharchen), products made of cane, medicinal herbs such as yertsa-goonbu, mushroom and animal skin. Some regions of Pemako was under Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche as
12007951
Lhasa Great Mosque


The Lhasa Great Mosque (), also known as Hebalin Mosque (), is a mosque in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The mosque was originally built in 1716. It underwent renovation in 1959 to what the building looks today. The mosque has a three-entrance courtyard which covers a total area of 2,600 m. The buildup area covers an area of 1,300 m which consists of the prayer hall, Pai building, bunker building, ablution hall, bathroom and other facilities. The prayer hall is located in the
19886138
Lhasa


with investment and expertise. Carlsberg invested in the Lhasa Brewery in recent years and has drastically improved the brewing facility and working conditions, renovating and expanding the building to what now covers 62,240 square metres (15.3 acres). Lhasa has many sites of historic interest, including the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple, Sera Monastery and Norbulingka. The Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and the Norbulingka are UNESCO world heritage sites. However, many important sites were damaged or destroyed mostly, but not solely, during China's Cultural Revolution of the
9618382
Lychee and Dog Meat Festival


, saying, "Activists say the event is cruel, and this year a petition calling for it to be banned collected 11 million signatures." An article in "The Guardian" by Jill Robinson said that the dog meat trade is "steeped in illegality" and the reason why dogs are special and deserve kind treatment is because "they are friends and helpers of humankind." Another article by Julian Baggini that was published in the same news outlet said that what should be most appalling about the festival "is not which
3964768
Serfdom in Tibet controversy


, to a protectorate of the Manchu Qing Dynasty (1720–1911), and finally to a nation having de facto independence under the clerical administration of the Dalai Lamas (1911–1951)"Although the central leadership in Lhasa had authority of these areas for various periods, some Western writers claim that this did not imply the kind of political control seen in modern Western states. According to Luciano Petech, "K'ams [the Kham region, largely synonymous with the province of XIkang which was abolished in 1950] was practically independent of Lhasa under its great lamas
11407915
1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake


shaking, there were floods when the rivers rose high after the earthquake bringing down sand, mud, trees, and all kinds of debris. Pilots flying over the meizoseismal area reported great changes in topography. This was largely due to enormous landslides, some of which were photographed. In Tibet, Heinrich Harrer reported strong shaking in Lhasa and loud cracking noises from the earth. Aftershocks were felt in Lhasa for days. In Rima, Tibet (modern-day Zayü Town), Frank Kingdon-Ward, noted violent shaking,
14100589
Bo (dog)


whether we're going to be able to balance those two things, I think, is a pressing issue on the Obama household." George Stephanopoulos asked Obama on television in early January what kind of dog they would get, and when, saying that he was passing on a question from Obama's daughters who were sitting in the control room. Obama said, "They seem to have narrowed it down to a labradoodle or a Portuguese water hound ... medium-sized dog, and so, we're now going to start
10288807
Jurchen people


tradition on to the Manchus. It was prohibited in Jurchen culture to use dog skin, and forbidden for Jurchens to harm, kill, or eat dogs. The Jurchens believed that the "utmost evil" was the usage of dog skin by Koreans. Until recently, it was uncertain what kind of burial rites existed among the Jurchens. In July 2012, Russian archaeologists discovered a Jurchen burial ground in Partizansky District of Primorye in Russia. Fifteen graves dating to the 12th or 13th centuries were found, consisting of the grave of
4828749
What Kind of Man (Florence and the Machine song)


song reached number eight on the "Billboard" Alternative Songs chart, tying with the band's 2010 single "Dog Days Are Over" and subsequent single "Ship to Wreck" as their highest-peaking single on that chart. As of July 2018, the song had sold 177,000 copies and had been streamed 11.2 million times in the United Kingdom. The music video for "What Kind of Man" was directed by Vincent Haycock and choreographed by Ryan Heffington. It premiered on 12 February 2015. The video is a short
3787626
Particle swarm optimization


to form a leading converging exemplar and to be effective with any PSO topology. The aims are to improve the performance of PSO overall, including faster global convergence, higher solution quality, and stronger robustness. However, such studies do not provide theoretical evidence to actually prove their claims. Without the need for a trade-off between convergence ('exploitation') and divergence ('exploration'), an adaptive mechanism can be introduced. Adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) features better search efficiency than standard PSO. APSO
19875319
Particle swarm optimization


can perform global search over the entire search space with a higher convergence speed. It enables automatic control of the inertia weight, acceleration coefficients, and other algorithmic parameters at the run time, thereby improving the search effectiveness and efficiency at the same time. Also, APSO can act on the globally best particle to jump out of the likely local optima. However, APSO will introduce new algorithm parameters, it does not introduce additional design or implementation complexity nonetheless. Numerous variants of even a basic PSO algorithm are possible. For example
19875320
Particle swarm optimization


James Kennedy, and does not need to use velocity at all. Another simpler variant is the accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO), which also does not need to use velocity and can speed up the convergence in many applications. A simple demo code of APSO is available. PSO has also been applied to multi-objective problems, in which the objective function comparison takes pareto dominance into account when moving the PSO particles and non-dominated solutions are stored so as to approximate the pareto front. As the PSO equations given
19875326
Sled dog


kinds of sled dogs; one kind is kept by coastal cultures, and the other kind is kept by interior cultures such as the Athabascan Indians. These interior dogs formed the basis of the Alaskan Husky. Russian traders following the Yukon River inland in the mid-1800s acquired sled dogs from the interior villages along the river. The dogs of this area were reputed to be stronger and better at hauling heavy loads than the native Russian sled dogs. The Alaskan Gold Rush brought renewed interest in the use of sled dogs as transportation. Most
691714
Henry Trefflich


) various kinds of birds, small house pets, and reptiles, including many different kinds of snakes. His list of customers included many zoos, circuses, and Hollywood studios. His business associates included individuals such as Frank Buck. His shop on Fulton Street was filled with wide eyed customers who would see what kind of exciting animal was on display. Children especially enjoyed coming to his store and seeing things as commonplace as the dogs, or perhaps the lynx which he had on the leash. He moved his business to 141
6848506
Jagdterrier


quest was Lutz Heck, the curator of the Berlin Zoo, who went on to "back breed" primitive cattle and horses to "recreate" the extinct aurochs (the kind of wild cattle seen in the cave paintings at Lascaux, France) and the tarpan (a kind of primitive forest pony). Heck's interest in dogs was driven in part by his passion for hunting, and in part by nationalism that was mixed with a desire to see what could be done with selective breeding. Even as nationalism and an
5259049
Dogs Eating Dogs


Hoppus and Barker's previous side project, +44, and the band Alkaline Trio. "Alternative Press" referred to it as the "angriest, most aggressive song" on the EP. "Disaster" opens with "manipulated radio frequencies and anthemic marching drum hits" that recalls DeLonge's band Angels & Airwaves. "Boxing Day", originally titled "The Day After Christmas", began as an acoustic folk number before Barker added an electronic drum kit, creating what Hoppus described as a "real kind of indie,
11100506
Dingo


also unclear what kind of role these hybrids would play in the Australian ecosystems. However, it is unlikely that the dynamics of the various ecosystems will be excessively disturbed by this process. In 2011, a total of 3,941 samples were included in the first continent-wide DNA study of wild dogs. The study found that 46% were pure dingoes which exhibited no dog alleles (gene expressions). There was evidence of hybridisation in every region sampled. In Central Australia only 13% were hybrids, however in southeastern Australia 99
16323362
The Promotion


: He’s [writer/director Steven Conrad] an interesting writer." James Berardinelli gave the film three out of 4 stars, saying, "What makes this film worthwhile is its willingness to display the protagonists as decent human beings despite their dog-eat-dog circumstances. There are enough laughs to justify it being labeled as a comedy but a stronger storyline than one normally associates with this kind of film." Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four stars, calling it "one of those off-
5675856
Dog type


; "the homely kind"; "the currish kind", toys. "Fowling dogs"—setters and spaniels. As well as the pastoral or shepherd types, mastiffs or bandogs, and various village dogs. Sub-types describing the function of dogs in each group were also included. In 1758, Carl Linnaeus in "Systema naturae" named the domestic dog “familiaris” and added other dog classifications or "species". More dog types were described as species by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1788, and by Robert Kerr in
6807800
Erica Hahn


little more loving care with her students, particularly Cristina. [...] I felt sorry for Hahn because Hahn grew up in a surgical world that included even fewer women than there is now (so Hahn is accustomed to a "dog eat dog" kind of surgical world)." Trish Doolan, who consulted with the show's producers on the developing lesbian storyline between Hahn and Callie Torres, said of the character: "She's very strong, very good at what she does, and actually a lot of men
1039447
Dogs Is Dogs


gazes at Pete through the fence and cries until a kind lady (Lyle Tayo) asks what's the matter. Turns out she is his auntie ("Yes, I am your father's sister") and she gives him the two dollars to spring Petey from the slammer. She then tells Wheezer and Dorothy that their "daddy has been very, very sick" and she would be taking them to live with her in a nice place. As she takes the gussied-up Wheezer, Dorothy and Pete to the
10408454