what type of plants live in the central valley
Layia chrysanthemoides


Layia chrysanthemoides is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name smooth tidytips, or smooth layia. It is endemic to California, where it lives in several types of habitat along the coast and in inland hills and valleys, and the Central Valley. This is an annual herb producing an erect, nonglandular stem to a maximum height near half a meter. The leaves are linear or lance-shaped with prickly or fuzzy edges. The lower leaves may be lobed and grow up to about 10 centimeters
22108360
Ecology of California


depending on altitude. The California interior chaparral and woodlands form a ring around the Central Valley, covering the hills around the Bay Area as well as the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. The interior woodland ecoregion contains several endemic species, due to unique soil types such as serpentine. These chaparral ecoregions contain numerous plant communities, including oak savanna, oak woodland, conifer woodlands, chamise chaparral, coastal sage scrub, and coastal grassland. These plant communities often occur as a mosaic, caused by fire. California's Central Valley was
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List of environmental organizations in the Sacramento region of California


over thirty-five chapters all across the state of California, the CNPS directs its attention to what they call California's "native flora." The chapters are around the state's regions as stated: • Bay Area & Peninsula • Central Coast • Desert and Eastern Sierra • Foothills & Mountains • North Coast & Wine Country • Southern California & Baja • Valley • Special Interest Chapter - Each chapter specializes in doing various works within each region as they each have their own types of plants which they hope to preserve and maintain
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Orcuttia inaequalis


Orcuttia inaequalis is a rare species of grass known by the common name San Joaquin Valley Orcutt grass. It is endemic to the Central Valley of California, where it grows only in vernal pools, a rare and declining type of habitat. Many known occurrences of the plant have been extirpated as land in the heavily agricultural Central Valley has been altered, and it was federally listed as a threatened species in 1997. "Orcuttia inaequalis" is a small, hairy, gray-green annual bunchgrass forming tufts or mats up to about
11785705
Central Valley Wicca


speculate that CVW is an early offshoot or even a precursor of Gardnerian Wicca, while others suggest that the CVW share a common ancestor with what later became Gardnerian Wicca. According to their original custom, an initiate of Central Valley Wicca was not told who their initiator's initiator was; therefore, the identity of the person who first brought Wicca to the Central Valley remains a mystery. What is known is that she had ties to England and had most likely lived there; she was either British or had close connection to a
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Pindus National Park


and the lower parts of the valley are characterized by the domination of "Buxus sempervirens", while some individuals of "Abies borisii-regis" are scattered among the Pinus nigra and Fagus sylvatica forests. In total, 415 types of plants and 86 species of mushroom are recorded in the area. A number of local flower types are considered endemic to the Balkans, such as "Dianthus deltoides" and "Allium breviradum". On the other hand, many endemic plants of central and northern Greece grow also in the park
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Orcuttia pilosa


Orcuttia pilosa is a rare species of grass known by the common name hairy Orcutt grass. It is endemic to the Central Valley of California, where it grows only in vernal pools, a rare and declining type of habitat. Many known occurrences of the plant have been extirpated as land in the heavily agricultural Central Valley has been altered, and it was federally listed as an endangered species in 1997. In that year there were 25 known remaining populations of the grass, only 12 of which were considered stable. "Orcuttia pilosa
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Barun Valley


3,000 species of flowering plants, including 25 species of rhododendron, 47 types of orchids, and 56 rare plants. 440 species of birds, and 75 species of mammals, including the endangered clouded leopard (snow leopard), red panda, musk deer, wild boar, have been recorded. This remarkable biodiversity is considered to be of global significance, and provides a living laboratory for international scientific research. The Barun Valley is part of a huge international protected area under an agreement between Nepal and China. Plants like Swertia Barunensis
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Calycadenia mollis


Calycadenia mollis is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name soft western rosinweed. It is native to a section of central California, from Tuolumne County do northern Tulare County. There are also isolated populations farther north in Nevada County. The plant grows in a number of habitat types in the Central Valley and adjacent Sierra Nevada foothills. "Calycadenia mollis" is an annual herb producing an erect, hairy stem up to 90 centimeters tall. The leaves are linear in shape and up to 8 centimeters
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Brush Mountain East Wilderness


of plants and butterflies. The forest type found in the wilderness is a habitat for songbirds such as cerulean warblers, Swainson’s warblers, black-throated green warblers, and winter wrens. The area is part of the Ridge and Valley Subsection of the Northern Ridge and Valley Section with the Central Appalachian Broadleaf-Coniferous Forest-Meadow Province. This section is marked by ridges oriented along the northeast/southwest and composed of sandstone and shale. Wide valleys between the ridges are composed of limestone and shale. The drainage density is
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Kings Canyon National Park


Mono Lake. The Paiute mainly used acorns, found in lower elevations of the park, for food, as well as deer and other small animals. They created trade routes connecting the Owens Valley with the Central Valley west of the Sierra Nevada. The Yokuts, who lived in the Central Valley, also ventured into the mountains during summer to collect plants, hunt game, and trade. Because of the inhospitable winter climate, they did not establish permanent villages in the high country. Prior to European contact the Yokut population numbered
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Cordylanthus palmatus


Cordylanthus palmatus, now reclassified as Chloropyron palmatum, is a rare species of flowering plant in the broomrape family. It is known by the common names palmate bird's beak, palmate salty bird's-beak, Palmate-bracted bird's-beak, and palmbract bird's beak. The plant is endemic to the Central Valley of California, where it is known from a few remaining occurrences in the rare alkali sink habitat type. The plant is limited to seasonally-flooded flats with saline and alkaline soils, where it grows with other
11314794
Great Basin Desert


in this community are adapted to living with very little precipitation, high heat, and saline conditions. The amount of water and the soil type in any one area will determine exactly which plants will live there. Certain areas of the valley floors may harbor no life. These parched areas that flood periodically are called playas. On the shores of the playas, shadscale is the dominant plant, but is kept company by iodine bush, saltgrass, spiny hopsage, winterfat, four-winged saltbrush, and green rabbitbrush. Trees are
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Zion National Park


own streambeds, so tributaries end in waterfalls from hanging valleys where they meet the Virgin. The valley between the peaks of the Twin Brothers is a notable example of a hanging valley in the canyon. The Great Basin, Mojave Desert, and Colorado Plateau converge at Zion and the Kolob canyons. This, along with the varied topography of canyon–mesa country, differing soil types, and uneven water availability, provides diverse habitat for the equally diverse mix of plants and animals that live in the area. The park is home
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Carduus pycnocephalus


barbed pappus. "Carduus pycnocephalus" has become a noxious weed in Australia, New Zealand, Macaronesia, South Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, South America, Hawaii, and North America, especially in much of California. It is a C-listed weed by the California Department of Agriculture and a Moderate Invasive Plant rating by the California Invasive Plant Council. It favors grasslands, woodlands, and chaparral vegetation types, but is especially prevalent in oak woodlands in and around the Central Valley. It is found in disturbed areas,
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Neostapfia


. This rare grass is a federally listed threatened species in the United States. "Neostapfia colusana" is a clumping bunchgrass with distinctive cylindrical inflorescences covered in flat spikelets. The inflorescences are said to resemble tiny ears of corn. They fruit in grains covered in a gluey secretion, and when a plant is mature each clump becomes brown and sticky with the exudate. The genus was named for the botanist Otto Stapf. The plant is limited to vernal pool habitats, a type of ecosystem which is increasingly rare as Central Valley land
9980845
Concrete


, workers must put the concrete in place before it hardens. In modern usage, most concrete production takes place in a large type of industrial facility called a concrete plant, or often a batch plant. In general usage, concrete plants come in two main types, ready mix plants and central mix plants. A ready-mix plant mixes all the ingredients except water, while a central mix plant mixes all the ingredients including water. A central-mix plant offers more accurate control of the concrete quality through better measurements of
5115950
Dasht-e Kavir


desert now dominates. Vegetation in the Dasht-e Kavir is adapted to the hot and arid climate as well as to the saline soil in which it is rooted. Common plant species like shrubs and grasses can only be found in some valleys and on mountain tops. The most widespread plant is mugwort. The Persian ground jay is a bird species living in some parts of the desert plateaus, along with Hairy bustards, larks and sandgrouses. Persian gazelles live in parts of steppe and desert areas of the central plateau. Wild
18655004
Biological thermodynamics


No matter what the type of living species, all living organisms must capture, transduce, store, and use energy to live. The relationship between the energy of the incoming sunlight and its wavelength or frequency is given by where "h" is the Planck constant (6.63x10Js) and "c" is the speed of light (2.998x10 m/s). Plants trap this energy from the sunlight and undergo photosynthesis, effectively converting solar energy into chemical energy. To transfer the energy once again, animals will feed on plants
18338970
Power Grid


culture in these two regions. Benelux (Economic union of Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg) has more ecological power plants and more availability of oil. Central Europe (Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria, Slovakia and Hungary) has rules changes in Steps 2 and 3, and limits on what type of power plant may be used to power cities in different regions (countries) of the map. The "Power Plant Deck 2 Expansion" for "Power Grid" was published in 2007. The expansion provides a second
7798848
Titus Canyon


different types of flowering plants, including the sacred datura, inhabit the area. Desert Bighorn Sheep herds live in Titus Canyon, and the Funeral Mountains, particularly in the Klare Spring area of the canyon. Titus Canyon is located above the east side of Death Valley, within Death Valley National Park. Access by foot from the west via Death Valley, or by vehicles from the east via Nevada. The one-way rough dirt road access begins west of the town of Beatty, Nevada. Vehicle travel is allowed only east
16764195
Monrovia, California


community of orange ranches to a residential community of over 37,000. Around 500 BC, a band of Shoshonean-speaking Indians named the Tongva established settlements in what is now the San Gabriel Valley. They were called the Gabrieliño Indians by early Spanish missionaries, a tribe of Mission Indians. The Tongva were not farmers; they gathered wild seeds, berries, and plants along rivers and in marshlands. Abundant oaks in the Valley, such as Coast Live Oak and Interior Live Oak provided a staple of the Tongva diet: acorn mush
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Permineralization


that is an internal cast of the organism. This accounts for the detail found in permineralization. Silicification reveals information about what type of environment the organism was likely to have lived in. Most fossils that have been silicified are bacteria, algae, and other plant life. Silicification is the most common type of permineralization. Carbonate mineralization involves the formation of coal balls. Coal balls are the fossilizations of many different plants and their tissues. They often occur in the presence of seawater or acidic peat. Coal balls are calcareous permineralizations of
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Carignan


there) was the third most widely planted grape variety but has since dropped considerably in production. The majority of the vines were planted in the Central Valley and used to make inexpensive box and jug wines. In the 1970s and 1980s, Californian Carignane was one of the leading "home winemaking" grapes in production. In 2010, there were of the grape planted in the state with American Viticultural Areas in Contra Costa, Mendocino, and Sonoma counties seeing a slight increase in interest while plantings the Central Valley have declined. Outside
5827844
Pan-American Highway (South America)


central Venezuela. It was officially established on March 5, 1701, by Bishop Diego de Baños y Sotomayor in the valleys of Tocopio and Tapatapa (what is known today as the central valley of Aragua) in northern Venezuela. In Spanish, Maracay is known as "Ciudad Jardín", or "Garden City". Maracay was the name of a Cacique (Indian chief) of the indigenous people who lived in the area before the Spanish arrived. Apparently, the word means "tiger" in an ancient Caribbean language.
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Tussock grasslands of New Zealand


Tussock grasslands form expansive and distinctive landscapes in the South Island and to a lesser extent in the central plateau region of the North Island of New Zealand. Most of the plants referred to as tussocks are in the genera "Carex", "Chionochloa", "Festuca", and "Poa". What would be termed "herbfields" for European mountains, and bunchgrass meadows in North America, are referred to as tussock herbfields in New Zealand due to a dominance of this type of plant. Species of the genus "
3718435
Hetch Hetchy


People have lived in Hetch Hetchy Valley for over 6,000 years. Native American cultures were prominent before the 1850s when the first settlers from the United States arrived in the Sierra Nevada. During summer, people of the Miwok and Paiute came to Hetch Hetchy from the Central Valley in the west and the Great Basin in the east. The valley provided an escape from the summer heat of the lowlands. They hunted, and gathered seeds and edible plants to furnish themselves winter food, trade items, and materials for art and ceremonial objects
14302488
Mono Lake


joined the Western Mono bands' villages annually at Hetch Hetchy Valley, Yosemite Valley, and along the Merced River to gather acorns, different plant species, and to trade. The Western Mono traditionally lived in the south-central Sierra Nevada foothills, including Historical Yosemite Valley. Present day Mono Reservations are currently located in Big Pine, Bishop, and several in Madera County and Fresno County, California. The city of Los Angeles diverted water from the Owens River into the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913. In 1941, the Los
2746077
Polygonum bidwelliae


Polygonum bidwelliae is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the knotweed family known by the common name Bidwell's knotweed. The plant was named for American suffragist Annie Bidwell, who at one time lived in the Bidwell Mansion in Chico, California. She is the person who collected the type specimen in Northern California. "Polygonum bidwelliae" is endemic to California, where it is known from the northern Sacramento Valley and adjacent slopes of the southernmost Cascade Range in Butte, Shasta, and Tehama Counties. It grows in chaparral, woodland
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Veiled chameleon


habitat types in its native range, including plateaus, mountains, and valleys. Like other chameleons, it is arboreal, living in trees and other large plants. It prefers warmer temperatures, generally between . The veiled chameleon is an omnivore. It favors insects, and it also eats plant matter, especially as a source of water. The life span is about 5 years for females, and up to 8 years for males. They reach sexual maturity at four to five months. They breed more than once a year.
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Malbec


2003, plantings of Malbec in California increased from 1000 acres (404 hectares) to more than 7000 acres (2,830 hectares). While the appearance of Californian varietal Malbec is increasing, the grape is still most widely used for blending. In California, the American Viticultural Areas (AVA) with the most plantings of Malbec include Napa Valley, Alexander Valley, Paso Robles and Sonoma Valley. Other regions in California with some plantings of Malbec include Livermore Valley, Atlas Peak, Carmel Valley, Los Carneros, Ramona Valley, Central
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Endodermis


The endodermis is the central, innermost layer of cortex in some land plants. It is made of compact living cells surrounded by an outer ring of endodermal cells that are impregnated with hydrophobic substances (Casparian Strip) to restrict apoplastic flow of water to the inside. The endodermis is the boundary between the cortex and the stele. In many seedless vascular plants, the endodermis is a distinctly visible layer of cells immediately outside the vascular cylinder (stele) in roots and shoots. In most seed plants, especially woody types, an
868187
Concrete plant


drum conditions, traffic conditions, etc. With a Central Mix plant, all loads see the same mixing action and there is an initial quality control point when discharging from the central mixer. Certain plants combine both Dry and Wet characteristics for increased production or for seasonality. le A "Mobile batch plant" can be constructed on a large job site. Both Wet Mix batch plant and a Dry Mix plant can be computer assisted using a batch computer. Different types of concrete batch plants types are available for a variety of applications
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Lepidurus packardi


Lepidurus packardi, known by the common name vernal pool tadpole shrimp, is a rare species of tadpole shrimp (Notostraca). The freshwater crustacean is endemic to California, where it lives in the endangered vernal pool type of habitat, and other freshwater aquatic habitats including ponds, reservoirs, ditches, road ruts, and other natural and artificial temporary water bodies. The animal is found in several regions of California, including the Central Coast, Sacramento Valley, San Joaquin Valley, and southern Sierra Nevada foothills. The southeastern Sacramento Valley
16665428
Yaghnobi people


The Yaghnobi people (Yaghnobi: yaγnōbī́t; ) are an ethnic minority in Tajikistan. They inhabit Tajikistan's Sughd province in the valleys of the Yaghnob, Qul and Varzob rivers. The Yaghnobis are considered to be descendants of the Sogdian-speaking peoples who once inhabited most of Central Asia beyond the Amu Darya River in what was ancient Sogdia. They speak the Yaghnobi language, a living Eastern Iranian language (the other living members being Pashto, Ossetic and the Pamir languages). Yaghnobi is spoken in the upper valley of the
4814763
Cirsium pumilum var. hillii


Cirsium pumilum" var. "hillii is a type of thistle endemic to North America. The common name for this plant is Hill's thistle. Hill's thistle is a low-growing thistle usually reaching in height, with a taproot system that runs deep into the ground. It is a perennial plant usually living for three years, and flowers in July and August. The plant's leaves are an elliptic-oblong shape with serrated edges, have tiny prickles, and have one central vein with smaller veins branching from it
5290408
Baliem Valley


expedition to New Guinea in 1938. On 21 June an aerial reconnaissance flight southwards from Hollandia (now Jayapura) found what the expedition called the ‘Grand Valley’. Since then the valley has gradually been opened up to a limited amount of tourism. The following is copied from the back cover of Peter Matthiessen’s book "Under the Mountain Wall": In the Baliem Valley in Central New Guinea live the Kurelu, a Stone Age tribe that survived into the twentieth century. Peter Matthiessen visited the Kurelu with the Harvard-
10124765
Arcade Creek


water allocation for development. Patchy sections of plant communities exists between developed land, but are now filled with both native (Oak Woodland which include live oak "Quercus wislizenii", valley oak, and blue oak and Riparian Forest flora which include Barbara sedge (Carex barbarae), creeping wild rye (Leymus triticoides), and deergrass) and nonnative plants. The nonnative plants are slowly taking over these plots of land as they tend to be more aggressive and abundant. What little patches of wildlife remain are rapidly declining due to
15971298
Conejo Valley Botanic Garden


Conejo Valley Botanic Garden is located in Thousand Oaks, California, and consists of a peak with vista views along with fifteen hillside botanical gardens. It lies next to Conejo Valley Community Garden and immediately across the street from Tarantula Hill, the highest point in Thousand Oaks. It provides a teaching laboratory for what flora works and what does not work in the Conejo Valley. The 33-acre site consists of a vast variety of endemic plants, water-conserving plants, oak trees, as well as indigenous wildlife. A children’s garden
13911781
Stanislaus River


Central Valley wetlands, and the densely packed Native American villages. As many as 80 percent of the Plains Miwok who had survived Spanish colonization died in the consequent epidemic. A smallpox epidemic struck around 1837, claiming even more lives, including that of Estanislao, who died at Mission San Jose in June 1838. During the 1840s, many American settlers emigrated to the Central Valley of what was still Mexican-controlled California, seeking to claim the area's fertile farmland. The first major American settlement along the Stanislaus River was founded
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Sagittaria sanfordii


Sagittaria sanfordii is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the water plantain family known by the common names valley arrowhead and Sanford's arrowhead. It is endemic to California, where it is known from a few scattered occurrences on the North Coast and in the Central Valley. Many occurrences previously noted in the Central Valley and in southern California have been extirpated as the plant's aquatic habitat has been lost to human activity. "Sagittaria sanfordii"is an aquatic perennial herb up to 130 cm tall, growing from a spherical tuber. The leaves
14607042
Reedley High School


the Sotomayor Wolves and lost to them. During their journey to Valley, they faced the Redwood Rangers and won the Central Section Valley Championship game. Courses Reedley High School gives students many options in what type of classes they want to take. From basic classes such as English 9 to creative classes such as Children's Literature, Chicano Literature, American Literature, English Literature, Creative Prose & Poetry. Reedley High School offers many electives such as the VROP classes that offer hands-on career experience, video production, computer graphics
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Selaginella stellata


as well as the more arctic habitats in areas of Greenland. "Selaginella stellata" in particular is native to Central America and Mexico. In the United States it was introduced to equatorial state of Hawaii. There the individuals of this species can be found along the trails ‘Akaka Falls State Park as well as the valleys of the Hamakua coast. Members of the genus "Selaginella" are terrestrial plants that grow in a different types of habitats, though, most grow in damp shady areas of tropical forests. They are herbaceous
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Robertson Karoo


Robertson Karoo is a semi-arid vegetation type, restricted to sections of the Breede River Valley, Western Cape Province, South Africa. It is a subtype of Succulent Karoo (geographically an extension of the "Little Karoo") and is characterised by the dominance of succulent plant species, and by several endemic plants and animals. This vegetation type occurs in several large patches within the Breede River Valley, in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. It occurs in the area between Worcester in the north-west, Ashton
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John Buttencourt Avila


of potato was originally native to Central and South America. It is thought that the sweet potato was originally introduced to Europe by Christopher Columbus. From Avila's original European Azore plantings of his sweet potato crop there grew a major commercial industry in the area of Atwater and Buhach, California. Avila promoted the spread of sweet potato cultivation in the Sacramento Valley and San Joaquin Valley in California. The sweet potatoes that Avila introduced became popular in San Francisco eating establishments, restaurants, and hotels. In 1905, Avila lived on his
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Larrea tridentata


one becomes a clonal colony from the previous plant, composed of many separate stem crowns all from the same seed. The "King Clone" creosote ring is one of the oldest living organisms on Earth. It has been alive an estimated 11,700 years, in the central Mojave Desert near present-day Lucerne Valley, California. This single clonal colony plant of "L. tridentata" reaches up to in diameter, with an average diameter of . King Clone was identified and its age estimated by Frank Vasek, a professor at the
10524736
Economy of Costa Rica


where some 90% of the population lives. Renewable energy in Costa Rica is the norm. In 2016, 98.1 per cent of the country's electricity came from green sources: hydro generating stations, geothermal plants, wind turbines, solar panels and biomass plants. Costa Rica's infrastructure has suffered from a lack of maintenance and new investment. Most parts of the country are accessible by road. The main highland cities in the country's Central Valley are connected by paved all-weather roads with the Atlantic and Pacific coasts and
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Scutellaria siphocampyloides


Scutellaria siphocampyloides is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name grayleaf skullcap. It is endemic to California, where it is widespread throughout the mountain and coastal regions; it is absent from the deserts and the Central Valley. It can be found in forest and woodland habitat, and a variety of open habitat types. It is a perennial herb producing an erect stem or cluster of stems up to about half a meter tall from a system of thin rhizomes. The stems are coated in short,
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Pike-Pawnee Village Site


which villages were occupied at what times, although there is a strong consensus that this village is the one visited by Pike in 1806. The following account, therefore, can only describe what is known about Kitkehahki occupation and abandonment of the Republican valley, and not the history of this particular village. The Pawnees did not live in their villages year-round. In the spring, they planted and hoed crops near their villages. In mid-June, they left on their summer buffalo hunt. In September, they returned
8434244
Avena barbata


ranges, the Central Valley, or the foothills of the Sierras. When the morphological traits as well as the allozyme and ribosomal DNA genotypes were considered together, it is argued that there are six ecotypes in the otherwise "mesic" classification. Whole-plant studies also showed that the xeric and mesic types differed from each other for many characters such as the flag leaf, primary stem height, number of tillers, weight and number of seeds, dry weight, and flowering time, with the mesic ecotype being generally larger and
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Scythris niphozela


This species is endemic to New Zealand. Other than the type locality of Birdings Flat at Kaitorete Spit, this species has been recorded as being found at Long Valley Ridge in the Manorburn Ecological District, Central Otago in February. However "S. niphozela" is regarded as being endemic to the Kaitorete Spit area. This species is on the wing in October to December. Larvae of this species has been found on "Carmichaelia appressa", an endemic species of plant at the Kaitorete Spit. The moth inhabits the foredune area of
15198650
Fauna of California


different ecosystems, each of which has its own unique native plants and animals. California is a huge state, the 3rd largest in the U.S., and can range broadly in habitat type. Earth scientists typically divide California into eleven distinct geomorphic provinces with clearly defined boundaries. They are, from north to south, the Klamath Mountains, the Cascade Range, the Modoc Plateau, the Basin and Range, the Coast Ranges, the Central Valley, the Sierra Nevada, the Transverse Ranges, the Mojave Desert, the Peninsular Ranges,
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Scutellaria tuberosa


Scutellaria tuberosa is a species of flowering plant in the mint family known by the common name Danny's skullcap. It is native to western North America from Oregon through California to Baja California, where it is widespread throughout the mountain and coastal regions; it is absent from the deserts and the Central Valley of California. It can be found in forest and woodland habitat, and a variety of open habitat types, often appearing in areas recently cleared by wildfire. It is a perennial herb producing an erect stem or cluster of stems
2498277
Calfkiller River


Hughes attacked a detachment of the Fifth Tennessee Cavalry along the river, in what became known as the "Battle of Dug Hill." Hughs reportedly captured and executed over a dozen federals. Confederate guerrilla leader Champ Ferguson, who lived in the Calfkiller Valley, is buried in France Cemetery, along the banks of the river near the Putnam-White county line. In 1902, the Sparta Light and Power Company built a small waterwheel-powered electric plant just downstream from Sparta. After this plant burned in 1907, it was
13823353
Merlot


Merlot is the third most widely planted grape variety in Chile after Cabernet Sauvignon and Listán Prieto with in 2009. Most of these planting are in the Central Valley with Colchagua leading the way with followed by Maule Valley with and Curicó with . In Argentina, Merlot plantings have been increasing in the Mendoza region with the grape showing an affinity to the Tupungato region of the Uco Valley. Argentine Merlots grown in the higher elevations of Tunpungato have shown a balance of ripe fruit, tannic structure and acidity. The grape is not as widely
19315801
Neobuxbaumia macrocephala


Neobuxbaumia macrocephala is a long-lived columnar cactus It is endemic to the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley in central Mexico. Within this region the species may be found on calcareous soil in xerophitic shrublands and tropical dry forest at an altitude of 1700 m above sea level. It is a branched columnar cactus that reaches between 7 and 15 m in height. The number of branches in an adult plant may vary from one to 10. Plants bear a reddish cephalium at the tip of each branch from which purple-red flowers emerge between
13312487
Lomatium cookii


Jackson County and the Illinois Valley of Josephine County in southwestern Oregon. It occurs in vernally wet habitat types, including vernal pools and adjacent mounds and wet floodplains. One population of the plant occurs at Rogue Valley International-Medford Airport, where soil has been deposited over hardpan such that conditions are similar to vernal pool margins, allowing it to take hold there. Other plants that can be found in the vernal pool and floodplain habitat types include "Limnanthes floccosa" (woolly meadowfoam), "Alopecurus geniculatus" (water foxtail
11416824
Cosumnes River Preserve


man-made levees allows more innudation of floodwaters and is what ecologist Rich Reiner terms " natural process restoration". Notable trees in the preserve include valley oak and blue oak. The valley oak was once common in central California, forming large groves along rivers and streams. In grasslands, they form open savannas along with blue oaks. The valley oak is the largest of the native California oak trees and can live to be 600 years old. With a vertical root system as deep as 80 feet, it can reach groundwater
9112740
Central Valley (California)


beneath the valley sediments that extends southwest to northeast across the valley. The Central Valley lies within the California Trough physiographic section, which is part of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the Pacific Mountain System. The "Central Valley grassland" is the Nearctic temperate and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrub lands ecoregion that was once a diverse grassland containing areas of desert grassland (at the southern end), prairie, savanna, riverside woodland, marsh, several types of seasonal vernal pools, and
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Riverside, The Farnsley–Moremen Landing


property houses an auditorium, museum exhibits and a store. Native American hunters and gathers lived in the Ohio Valley as early as 10,000 B.C. Some of these people may have camped or hunted near what is today Riverside. About 6,000 B.C., groups of hunters and gathers established base camps. They began to take advantage of the abundant resources of the river valley such as mussels, fish, plants and larger animals in the area. Around 1,000 to 500 A.D., these prehistoric Native American groups had become more sedentary and began to establish
4501065
Sanok


was situated, some remains of an ancient sanctuary and a cemetery were found, as well as numerous decorations and encolpions in Kievan type. Also found were two seals of the Great Kievan Prince Rurik Rostislavich from the second half of the 12th century. Near the central town square and the previous Jewish ghetto, there is a valley where much of the Jewish population was murdered en masse by the Nazis during the Holocaust. Sanok has a strong industry base - home to Stomil Sanok (established in 1932) and Pass Gummiwerke plants,
12622314
Forth Valley College


Falkirk campus is the largest of all the campuses, possessing a number of different buildings. These include the main building which stands 4 stories tall and includes a canteen, gym, the library and on the top floor the science classrooms. There is also two single story wooden buildings, the Carron & Grange buildings. The campus is also home to a practice plant which allows Chemical Engineering students to gain practice in certain types of operations. The college is located close to the ground of Falkirk FC, Central retail park and the
14551367
Shei-Pa National Park


Shei-Pa National Park () is a national park located in the central part of Taiwan around the peaks of Hsuehshan and Dabajian Mountain, with an area of , covering the area of Hsinchu County, Miaoli County and Taichung City. High mountain ecology, geology, topography, rivers, creek valleys, rare animals and plants, and plentiful variety of forest types are some important resources for conservation. The park's headquarters was set up on 1 July 1992. The current headquarters director is Lin Ching (林青). The
17895702
California Floristic Province


Island. In Nevada, the CFP includes the region of the Sierra in the vicinity of Lake Tahoe, with the eastern border with the Great Basin corresponding roughly to the location of Reno-Carson City. Parts of the following mountain ranges are included in the province: The Great Central Valley is also within the CFP. Numerous plant communities exist in California and botanists have attempted to structure them into identifiable vegetation types groupings. Robert Ornduff and colleagues Phyllis M. Faber and Todd Keeler-Wolf did much work on this problem, and
21740455
Linanthus parryae


Linanthus parryae is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name sandblossoms. It is endemic to California, where it occurs in sandy, open habitat types in several regions from the Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada foothills and the Mojave Desert. This is a petite annual herb producing short stems just a few centimeters tall surrounded by hairy, needle-lobed leaves. The inflorescence, which often appears to sit directly on the ground tucked amidst the leaves, is a cluster of funnel-shaped flowers about
2914989
British Central Africa Company


Natives on Private Estates Ordinance 1928 formalised this arrangement by allowing landlords to receive rents in cash, in a fixed quantity of acceptable crops or by direct labour. The types of permissible crops and their quantities were fixed for each district by government officials. At this time, the term thangata applied both to rent in kind, common on tobacco and cotton estates, and to the older form of labour thangata, which persisted on the tea estates that required direct labour. Cotton was first planted in the Shire valley by Eugene Sharrer,
7120322
Windsor railway station, Sydney


gangers shed with timber frame (). The Windsor station building is a large face-brick building in what is known as a type 3 second class roadside sign. It is a symmetrically organised central building with two wings attached to either side. The Down side wing is a rectangular larger building while the Up end wing is almost a square building. The central building features a hipped and valley slate roof, two tall brick chimneys with corbelled tops and round hoods, moulded and dentilated eaves, a corrugated iron ogee style veranda
16160571
Arnoglossum reniforme


Arnoglossum reniforme (great Indian plantain) is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is native to the central and east-central United States primarily in the Appalachian Mountains, the Ohio/Tennessee Valley, and the Mississippi Valley. There are additional populations in the east (New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, South Carolina) and farther west in Oklahoma. "Arnoglossum reniforme" is a large plant growing up to 300 cm (120 inches or 10 feet) tall. Flower heads are small but numerous
22135764
Living sculpture


Living sculpture is any type of sculpture that is created with living, growing grasses, vines, plants or trees. It can be functional and/or ornamental. There are several different types of living sculpture techniques, including topiary (prune plants or train them over frames), sod works (create sculptures using soil and grass or moss), tree shaping (growing designs with living trees) and mowing and crop art (create patterns or pictures with plants or in lawns). Most living sculpture technique requires horticultural skills, such as
18525424
Floods in the United States: 1901–2000


) and claimed 41 lives in the Midwest. In Kansas City only three persons drowned, but property damage was $870 million. Of the five industrial districts only North Kansas City was completely saved. The airport and the Quindaro plants were also spared from the worst. The storm affected the Central Sierra and South Bay areas. The Eel River on the North Coast saw the greatest flow of record to that time, while Central Valley rivers saw near-record flows. A statewide disaster was declared, and the storm resulted in
16483287
Opportunity mission timeline


this in-depth study continued. The Valley may have new type of rock. Perseverance Valley is thought to be a fluid-carved channel, a spillway from the surrounding planes down to the crater floor. Among the candidates for what carved the channels are water, but also ice or wind currents. One of the ongoing questions is the idea of ancient water on Mars, and how it may have impacted the modern Mars environment. In the 2010s NASA has been on the hunt for ancient fossils left by tiny living organisms
13165712
Paraneuretus


Middle Eocene. There is debate on what plant family the amber was produced by, with evidence supporting relatives of either "Pinus", "Agathis" or "Sciadopitys". The paleoenvironment of the Eocene Baltic forests were two "Paraneuretus" species lived was humid temperate to subtropical islands. The forests were composed of mostly "Quercus" and "Pinus" species, while the lower sections of the forests had paratropical plant elements, such as palms. When first described the type specimens were included in several different collections including the
8405230
Huamango


period (700-900 CE), and the presence of some types similar to Tollan-phase Tula supports the early postclassical dating. The Otomi people ( is a native ethnic group inhabiting the central altiplano of Mexico. The two most populous groups are the Highland or Sierra Otomí living in the mountains of La Huasteca and the Mezquital Otomí, living in the Mezquital Valley in the eastern part of the state of Hidalgo, and in the state of Querétaro. Sierra Otomí usually self identify as "Ñuhu" or "Ñuhmu"
21441154
Delta–Mendota Canal


The Delta–Mendota Canal is a aqueduct in central California, United States. It is part of the Central Valley Project and its purpose is to replace water in the San Joaquin River that is diverted into Madera Canal and Friant-Kern Canal at Friant Dam. Average annual throughput is . The canal begins at the C.W. Bill Jones Pumping Plant (formerly the Tracy Pumping Plant), which raises water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. It then runs south along the western edge of the San Joaquin Valley, parallel to
12290015
Beet curly top virus


the west side of the Central Valley and lay eggs in the perennial weeds and buckhorn plantains. When the nymphs of beet leafhoppers are born, they would consume the infected weeds and plants causing them to acquire the virus. During the mid to late spring, the adult leafhoppers would travel to the agricultural area of the Central Valley to infect other healthy plants and weeds. As fall approaches, the adult leafhoppers migrate back to the foothill and begin the process again. The BCTV caused many problems for farmers. When the virus was
3185975
Rio Grande Project


the canals are diverted to irrigate about in Hudspeth County, Texas. The Rio Grande Project furnishes irrigation water year-round to a long, narrow area of in the Rio Grande Valley in south-central New Mexico and western Texas. Crops grown in the region include grain, pecans, alfalfa, cotton, and many types of vegetables. Power generated at the Elephant Butte power plant is distributed through an electrical grid totaling of 115-kilovolt transmission lines and 11 substations. Originally built by Reclamation, the power grid remained under its ownership
9403839
Xylem


cell wall. This is the only type of xylem found in the earliest vascular plants, and this type of cell continues to be found in the "protoxylem" (first-formed xylem) of all living groups of vascular plants. Several groups of plants later developed pitted tracheid cells independently through convergent evolution. In living plants, pitted tracheids do not appear in development until the maturation of the "metaxylem" (following the "protoxylem"). In most plants, pitted tracheids function as the primary transport cells. The
2632817
San Fernando Valley


and the Los Angeles Westside. The valley's natural habitat is a "temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome" of grassland, oak savanna, and chaparral shrub forest types of plant community habitats, along with lush riparian plants along the river, creeks, and springs. In this Mediterranean climate, post-1790s European agriculture for the mission's support consisted of grapes, figs, olives, and general garden crops. The San Fernando Valley contains five incorporated cities—Glendale, Burbank, San Fernando, Hidden Hills, and Calabasas
16037194
Wild Horse Valley AVA


Bay, although the elevation keeps the area above the fogline. The eastern half, being protected by the slope of the ground, is much warmer. The soil type is generally volcanic throughout the entire AVA. Grapes were first planted in the area in the 1880s. The current vineyard plantings date back to 1980, with commercial production starting in 1985. The largest vineyard in the Wild Horse Valley AVA was the Wild Horse Vineyard of Napa Valley. Neglected crops can become places for pests to become established and then spread. The
3004099
P. Belousov Central Park of Culture and Recreation


birch, ash tree, oak, pine, maple, basswood, though there are also some rare species such as phellodendron amurense, quercus rubra, pinus sibirica, salix alba, and others. The flora of the Park is characterized by big diversity the herbaceous plants that are represented by 200 species of grasses. Various birds and mammals live in the Central Park. There is a local zoo area that is inhabited many types of birds (including Cygnus cygnus, Cygnus atratus, peafowls, phasianus, parrots, and others).
16128628
Opossum


insects, rodents and birds are eaten by opossums. They also feed on eggs, frogs, plants, fruits and grain. One source notes their need for high amounts of calcium. Thus possums eat the skeletal remains of rodents and roadkill animals. Opossums also eat dog food, cat food and human food waste. Opossums are found in North, Central, and South America. The Virginia opossum lives in regions as far north as Canada and as far south as Central America, while other types of opossums only inhabit countries south
20647448
Zapotec peoples


Zapotec ancestry have emigrated to the United States over several decades, and they maintain their own social organizations in the Los Angeles and Central Valley areas of California. There are four basic groups of Zapotecs: the ', who live in the southern Isthmus of Tehuantepec, the ', who live in the northern mountains of the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, the southern Zapotecs, who live in the southern mountains of the Sierra Sur, and the Central Valley Zapotecs, who live in and around the Valley of Oaxaca. The name "
16230461
Saltwater fish


like rocks, reefs, and sand or the vegetation like the amount of algae, water plants, and saltmarsh. Specific fish live in specific habitats based on what they eat or what cycle of life they are currently at, another thing is the amount of salt that is in the water at that specific location. Another thing is that some ocean habitats aren't technically in the ocean and these are called estuaries, areas when oceans and rivers meet creating a mixture of salt water and freshwater making a different habitat for different types
3548509
Dos Amigos Pumping Plant


Dos Amigos Pumping Plant is a water pumping plant of the California State Water Project, located 10 miles (16 km) south of Los Banos, on Interstate 5, within central Merced County, in the San Joaquin Valley, central California. The plant is the second pumping plant for the California Aqueduct and the South Bay Aqueduct. It provides the necessary fluid head (potential energy) for the California Aqueduct to flow for approximately 95 miles (153 km) to where the Coastal Branch splits from the "main line" approximately
10408891
Chrysolepis chrysophylla


Chrysolepis chrysophylla is a species of flowering plant in the beech family known by the common names golden chinquapin, giant chinquapin, and western chinquapin. It is native to the Pacific coast of the United States from west-central Washington to central California. This plant is a shrub or tree. Shrubby forms of the plant occur in dry areas, higher elevations, and poor soils. The plant grows into a tree up to tall in cooler, moister areas such as valley bottoms and north-facing slopes, and foggy and rainy
21972305
Syilx


years ago, it is estimated that 12,000 people lived in this valley and surrounding areas. The Okanagan people employed an adaptive strategy, moving within traditional areas throughout the year to fish, hunt, or collect food, while in the winter months, they lived in semi-permanent villages of kekulis, a type of pithouse. When the Oregon Treaty partitioned the Pacific Northwest in 1846, the portion of the tribe remaining in what became Washington Territory reorganized under Chief Tonasket as a separate group from the majority of the Okanagan, whose
4161593
Agroecomyrmex


, having been deposited during Lutetian stage of the Middle Eocene. There is debate on what plant family the amber was produced by, with evidence supporting relatives of either an "Agathis" relative or a "Pseudolarix" relative. All the type specimens were collected over 125 years ago, and when first described were part of the University of Königsberg amber collection. The fossils were first studied by Austrian entomologist Gustav Mayr who placed the species in the living genus "Myrmica". Mayr's 1868 type description of the new species was
21570876
Medicine Rocks State Park


and Sioux. The Cheyenne stopped at Medicine Rocks on their way from the Yellowstone River Valley to the Black Hills each summer and early fall. Sometime prior to the mid-17th century, the Hidatsa leader No-Vitals led a large number of Hidatsa out of what is now western North Dakota west into the Yellowstone River valley of south-central Montana, where the new tribe (the Crow) lived on the plains, by the river, and in the nearby Big Horn, Pryor, and Wolf Mountains. On the move due
16537173
Central Valley (California)


soil is disturbed by winds, construction, or farming. This illness frequently takes many weeks or months to resolve. Occasionally Valley Fever is life-threatening and even fatal. Additionally, Central Valley farm laborers are often unable to afford or physically access healthy foods, which is a form of food insecurity. Due to the agricultural industry's large presence in the Valley, there are concerns about the pesticide drift and leaching in the Central Valley of California. Residents of the Central Valley experience risk of contamination from pesticides when living in
3668159
Aristotle


. Because all beings are composites of form and matter, the form of living beings is that which endows them with what is specific to living beings, e.g. the ability to initiate movement (or in the case of plants, growth and chemical transformations, which Aristotle considers types of movement). In contrast to earlier philosophers, but in accordance with the Egyptians, he placed the rational soul in the heart, rather than the brain. Notable is Aristotle's division of sensation and thought, which generally differed from the concepts of
584
Fair Housing Council of San Fernando Valley v. Roommates.com, LLC


, number of children, and whether the children lived with the user. Users were also prompted to state the type of roommate they were looking for in terms of these last three questions. Finally, there was an “Additional Comments” section where users could further describe what they were looking for in a roommate. Fair Housing Council of San Fernando Valley brought an action against the website Roommates.com, alleging that the website violated the Fair Housing Act, and the California Fair Housing Act Section 12955 by allowing users the ability to discriminate
14326111
Central Valley Project


. This results in the river below the dam attaining a much higher temperature than usual, hurting native fish and wildlife. To solve this problem, Reclamation shuts off operations of the dam's hydroelectric power plant when water levels are drastically low, but this results in power shortages. Originally, after the dam was constructed, the State of California put filling the reservoir on hold because of enormous public opposition to what was being inundated: the limestone canyon behind the dam, the deepest of its kind in the United States, contained
14287963
Geology of the Republic of the Congo


layers, that separate the Sansikwa Group, Haut Shiloango Group and the Schisto-Calcaire Group as glacial deposits, but now they are believed to be the remains of mud flows. As central Africa entered the Phanerozoic, the current geologic eon in which multicellular plant and animal life is commonplace, sedimentary rocks were deposited in what may have been failed rift valleys. These rocks are mainly found in the Congo Basin, a structural tectonic feature that extends into neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo, formed within the Congo Craton. Because of thick
16072698
Environmental issues in Fresno, California


of air pollution within the Central Valley but specifically Fresno, it is best to understand where Fresno is geographically located. Fresno is a region surrounded by mountain ranges and acts as a pool of emissions, trapped in the Central Valley by warm air that comes from its roughly 3.5 million residents. Because of this, Fresno’s air quality is considered to be the worst in the region of the Central Valley and among the worst in the U.S. Two types of air pollution dominate in the U.S.: ozone and particle pollution. These two
653616
Cider apple


in-canopy systems, or other devices that reduce pesticide waste. With the move to higher density plantings, different tree types and planting systems have been developed, and are used around the world. These systems include: Central leader trees are commonly grown in a conical shape, with a central vertical shoot (the central leader), and horizontal larger branches at the bottom decreasing to smaller branches near the top. Central leader trees grown with standard or semi dwarf rootstocks are large and free standing, unlike modern high density plantings
16297203
List of plants of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)


most diverse "collections" of distinct plant species in the United States. The Sierras are bordered by: the Great Basin in rain shadow on the east; the Cascade Range on the north; the Central Valley—San Joaquin Valley on the west; the Tehachapi Mountains linking the Transverse Ranges on the southwest; and the Mojave Desert on the south. In phytogeography, concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species, floristic provinces are used. The Sierra Nevada are primarily within the California Floristic Province, with the Rocky Mountain Floristic
21394928
Bunyoro rabbit


, and in the Rift Valley it occupies the same type of habitat as rockhares ("Pronolagus" spp.) do in southern Africa. The Bunyoro rabbit is nocturnal, hiding during the day in a form in dense vegetation or a hole among rocks and coming out to feed as part of a family group at night. Its diet consists of grasses and flowering plants and it likes the succulent young shoots that sprout from the ground after land has been cleared or burned. When living in proximity to cultivated land, it feeds
12100110
Dryas integrifolia


species is actinorhizal, able to live in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. It can also form a symbiosis with the mushroom "Hebeloma cylindrosporum" via an ectomycorrhiza. This plant is common in many Arctic regions, growing in several types of cold, wet habitat. It can be found in tundra, meadows, river valleys, and scree slopes. It anchors well in rocky and gravelly substrates, and it thrives in soils with low organic content. It is a pioneer species in rough terrain. It likely colonized wide areas
21155322
Lily of the valley


dual reproductive modes by producing offspring asexually by vegetative means and by seed, produced via the fusion of gametes. "Convallaria majalis" is a plant of partial shade, and mesophile type that prefers warm summers. It likes soils that are silty or sandy and acid to moderately alkaline, with preferably a plentiful amount of humus. The Royal Horticultural Society states that slightly alkaline soils are the most favored. It is a Euroasiatic and suboceanic species that lives in mountains up to elevation. "Convallaria majalis" is used as a food
9558813
Fangchenggang


series) train service from Nanning. As of March 2019, there were two trains daily (T type) to Qinzhou and 9 trains (D type) daily to Nanning railway station. Like much of Guangxi, there are many forested mountains and stream filled valleys. The area along the border with Vietnam is relatively undeveloped and draws considerable tourism. Fangchenggang's forests contain more than 500 types of plants, more than 4000 medicinal plants and herbs, 25 species of mammals, and many species of insects, reptiles, amphibians,
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