when was the steelpan invented in trinidad and tobago
Music of Trinidad and Tobago


the name of Brass Bacchanal. One of the most significant contributions of Trinidad and Tobago to the world of music was the invention of the steelpan. This instrument is the only acoustic instrument that was invented in the 20th century. The pan evolved from music which the island slaves created for the carnival festivities. The first steel-pans were made from oil drums. The players would beat on the end of the oil drum with bamboo to produce music and found that the areas of the drum that were hit the most frequently developed
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Trinidad and Tobago Carnival


TT$2 million. There are also other competitions that are involved in the Calypso Monarch. Traditionally, musicians use drums, claves, and the steelpan, created in Trinidad and reported to be the only non-electrical instrument invented in the 20th century, that has been hammered down in different areas to create a wide range of different notes. A group of performers practise weeks in advance on these pans to compete. Trinidad and Tobago is multicultural (Amerindian, European, African, Indian, Chinese and Middle Eastern), and all
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Outline of Trinidad and Tobago


pre-Lenten Carnival and as the birthplace of steelpan, calypso, chutney, chutney-soca, pichakaree, chut-kai-pang, cariso, kaiso, parang, soca, and limbo. Geography of Trinidad and Tobago Environment of Trinidad and Tobago List of ecoregions in Trinidad and Tobago Demographics of Trinidad and Tobago Politics of Trinidad and Tobago Government of Trinidad and Tobago Court system of Trinidad and Tobago Foreign relations of Trinidad and Tobago The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is a member of: Law of Trinidad and Tobago Military of
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TASPO (Steelband)


The Trinidad All-Steel Pan Percussion Orchestra (TASPO) was formed to participate in the Festival of Britain in 1951. The group was the first steelband to travel abroad from Trinidad and Tobago, presenting the newly invented steelpan to an international audience. Lieutenant Joseph Nathaniel Griffith was the conductor of the band. Griffith was originally part of the Trinidad Police Band. On 6 July 1951, TASPO left Trinidad for England on the SS "San Mateo". Carlton "Sonny" Roach fell ill and was left behind in Martinique.
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Trinidad and Tobago


Tracy Quan, Mike Bibby, Lauryn Williams, Fresh Kid Ice, and Roy Hibbert are all of Trinidadian descent. Trinidad and Tobago also has the distinction of being the smallest country to have two Miss Universe titleholders and the first black woman ever to win: Janelle Commissiong in 1977, followed by Wendy Fitzwilliam in 1998; the country has also had one Miss World titleholder, Giselle LaRonde. Trinidad and Tobago is the birthplace of calypso music and the steelpan. Trinidad is also the birthplace of soca music, chutney music, chutney
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Music of Trinidad and Tobago


practice and experiment with international classical and pop music, often fusing them with local steelpan instruments. MusicTT was established in 2014 to facilitate the business development and export activity of the music industry in Trinidad and Tobago. The Cedula of Population of 1783 laid the foundation and growth of the population of Trinidad. The island's Spanish possessors contributed little towards advancements, with El Dorado the focus; Trinidad's geographical location made it the center of that focus. Following the Cedula, French planters (accompanied by their slaves, free coloreds and
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Güiria


connected in later stages to the nationwide gas distribution system to supply the rest of the country and for export. Additionally, Güiria produces coconuts, cocoa, tobacco, tubers and fish. Cattle is also raised. Because Güiria is close to the island of Trinidad, there is significant maritime commerce with Trinidad and Tobago. Cricket is popular in Güiria. Steelpan music from Trinidad and Tobago can be heard in Güiria's carnival, as a cultural influence from the nearby islands. Güiria has some typical dishes not found in usual Venezuelan cuisine
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Steelpan


are highly prized. While many American and British audiences demand to hear Harry Belafonte songs on pan, these are generally inauthentic to the Trinidadian tradition. For many years now there have been attempts to use the steelpan in various contexts other than those with which it is stereotypically associated. The first known use of steelband in a theatrical performance (outside of Trinidad and Tobago) was in Harold Arlen's 1954 Broadway musical "House of Flowers", in which Enid Mosier's Trinidad Steel Band performed in several songs. British composer Daphne
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Music of Trinidad and Tobago


European colonizers imposed on drumming: dry, hollow bamboo poles were cut to varying lengths to produce different pitches when thumped against the ground. In 1937 they reappeared, transformed as an orchestra of frying pans, dustbin lids and oil drums. These steelpans or pans are now a major part of the Trinidadian music. The first instruments developed in the evolution of steelpan were Tamboo-Bamboos, tunable sticks made of bamboo wood. Tamboo-Bamboo bands also included percussion of a (gin) bottle and spoon. By the mid-1930s,
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Robert Greenidge


Robert Greenidge (born 28 April 1950 in Success Village, Laventille, Trinidad) is a steelpan player in the United States and a member of popular music singer Jimmy Buffett's Coral Reefer Band and the instrumental group Club Trini. Greenidge began performing as a pannist at age eight and performed internationally beginning in his teens. He represented Trinidad and Tobago as a soloist and a member of Trinidad and Tobago National Steel Orchestra in 1970 and in 1971 migrated to the United States where he studied and played music. In the 1970s, he
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Steelpan


Carnival percussion groups known as Tamboo bamboo. The pan is the national instrument of Trinidad and Tobago. French planters and their slaves immigrated to Trinidad during the French Revolution (1789) from Martinique, including a number of West Africans, and French creoles from Saint Vincent, Grenada, Saint Lucia and Dominica, establishing a local community before Trinidad and Tobago were taken from Spain by the British. The celebration of "carnivale" had arrived with the French. Slaves, who could not take part in carnival, formed their own parallel
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Winston Simon


Winston "Spree" Simon (1930 – 18 April 1976) was a Trinidadian inventor, pioneer and musician of the steelpan. Simon was born in Laventille, Trinidad. He is credited with the invention of the "Ping Pong" steelpan instrument. Simon also was part of TASPO, the "Trinidad All Steel Percussion Orchestra" and visited Great Britain in 1951. Winston "Spree" Simon worked closely with Anthony Williams, who later invented the fourth and fifth soprano pan. Simon also gave Bertie Marshall significant impulses for his work
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Trinidad and Tobago


GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) in the Americas after the United States and Canada. It is recognised by the World Bank as a high-income economy. Unlike most of the English-speaking Caribbean, the economy is primarily industrial with an emphasis on petroleum and petrochemicals; much of the nation's wealth is derived from its large reserves of oil and natural gas. Trinidad and Tobago is known for its Carnival and Diwali celebrations and as the birthplace of steelpan, the limbo, and music styles such
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Pound the Alarm


video of the shoot on July 13, 2012. It premiered on Minaj's VEVO account on Tuesday, July 31, 2012. The video has over 216 million views as of April 2018 meaning it is now 2X VEVO Certified. The video for "Pound the Alarm" begins with Minaj on a building, singing and looking over the town. She pays tribute to Trinidad and Tobago, her birthplace, and the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival. The video opens with a steelpan version of the song, and shots of different locations
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Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians


and negotiations between the Government and the rebels, the mutiny was contained and the mutineers surrendered on 25 April. It was around this time the term Afro-Trinidadian was started to be used. The massive influx of African slaves to Trinidad and Tobago shores that happened in the 16th and 18th century respectively was important in shaping the cultural space of Trinidad and Tobago. Afro-Trinidadian culture is immanent within and encapsulates all other cultures. Afro-Trinidadian culture is decisive in steelpan culture, Carnival culture, and calypso culture and also
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Military band


military bands are unique in that they follow French and British traditions for military bands, however, use unconventional instruments such as Steelpans and native Trinidadian instruments. To this day, the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force Steel Orchestra (TTDFSO) is the only military steel band of its kind in the world. The TTDF's Trinidad and Tobago Regiment provides the majority of the musicians who are assigned to the orchestra. Following a brief attempt create a similar type of marching band the 1960s, the TTDFSO was created on 2 June 1995 on
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Music of Trinidad and Tobago


The music of Trinidad and Tobago is best known for its calypso music, soca music and steelpan. Calypso's internationally noted performances in the 1950s from native artists such as Lord Melody, Lord Kitchener and Mighty Sparrow. The art form was most popularised at that time by Harry Belafonte. Along with folk songs and African- and Indian-based classical forms, cross-cultural interactions have produced other indigenous forms of music including soca, rapso, parang, chutney, and other derivative and fusion styles. There are also local communities which
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Sterling Betancourt


Tropefieber ("Tropical Fever"), the first steel band in Zurich, followed then by many others. In 1985 Betancourt's steel band, "Nostalgia", was born and continued with him as the leader, player, and arranger until 2005. Honours and awards that Betancourt has received include: in 1993 Trinidad and Tobago’s Scarlet Ibis award. A University of East London Honorary Fellowship in 1996, a membership of the FRSA for his commitment in promoting steelpan culture throughout the United Kingdom, and pioneering steelpan projects in
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Steelpan


Steelpans (also known as steel drums or pans, and sometimes, collectively with other musicians, as a steel band or orchestra) is a musical instrument originating from Trinidad and Tobago. Steel pan musicians are called pannists. The modern pan is a chromatically pitched percussion instrument made from 55 gallon industrial drums that formerly contained chemicals. "Drum" refers to the steel drum containers from which the pans are made; the steel drum is more correctly called a "steel pan" or "pan" as it falls into the idiophone
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Trinidad and Tobago Carnival


communicate with each other. Many early calypsos were sung in French Creole by an individual called a griot. As calypso developed, the role of the griot became known as a chantuelle and eventually, calypsonian. Steelpan Stick fighting and African percussion music were banned in 1881, in response to the Canboulay Riots. They were replaced by bamboo "Bamboo-Tamboo" sticks beaten together, which were themselves banned in turn. In 1937 they reappeared, transformed as an orchestra of frying pans, dustbin lids and oil drums. These steelpans
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Caribbean Airlines


aircraft to their lessor, coinciding with termination of its only European route to London Gatwick Airport on 10 January 2016, as part of a streamlining exercise to remove unprofitable routes. The colors of Caribbean Airlines are blue, green and purple and are represented in the new staff uniforms, all featuring the hummingbird, the logo of Caribbean Airlines. BWIA's logo was a steelpan. Caribbean Airlines' image is a hummingbird in flight. The image is a reference to the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, where the island of Trinidad is
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Ray Holman


Raymond Anthony Holman (born 1944) is a musician, composer, pannist and performer from Trinidad. In 1957, Ray Holman began playing steelpan at the age of 13 with the Invaders Steel Orchestra, led by Ellie Mannette, for whom he composed his first pan piece, "Ray's Saga", recorded by the Invaders in 1961. At 20, he became the youngest player to win the solo Ping Pong (an early version of the tenor pan) competition in the 1964 Trinidad and Tobago Music Festival. Later,
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Tracy Thornton


Caribbean. He has also performed in several annual Carnival celebrations in Trinidad and Tobago, including Panorama — the world’s largest steel band competition, and with Phase II, Potential Symphony, NGC Couva Joylanders, Lavantille’s Uni Stars and Tobago’s Hope Pan Groove. ¬ Thornton has been featured in DRUM! Magazine, Spin magazine, Modern Drummer, Global Rhythm, Billboard Online and MTV.com. His internationally acclaimed “Pan For Punks, A Steelpan Tribute to The Ramones” CD was voted as one of the top 10 CDs of
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Ralph MacDonald


Jr. It reached number two on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and has since been covered and sampled by many artists, including Will Smith. MacDonald regularly travelled back to Trinidad and Tobago, where he renewed his work in the steelpan, particularly on the hills of Laventille, Trinidad with the multiple Steelband Panorama champions Desperadoes Steel Orchestra, whose shows he attended and with whom he played whenever he got the opportunity, "beating iron" in "The Engine Room" (as a steelband's rhythm section is often called)
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Panorama (music competition)


Panorama is an annual music competition of steelbands from Trinidad and Tobago. It is usually held around Carnival time. The first official Trinidad Panorama was held during Carnival celebrations in 1963. It was originally pioneered by Chairman of the Carnival Development Committee, Ronald Jay Williams, who gave the festival its name. Similarly styled "Panorama" steelband competitions are also staged at Carnival time in other Caribbean communities. Typically, each steelpan orchestra plays a popular Calypso that is arranged into a piece with original introductions and variations. As part of the
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Ralph MacDonald


close mentorship of his Trinbagonian father, Patrick MacDonald (a calypsonian and bandleader originally from Trinidad and Tobago who went by the stage name "Macbeth the Great"), MacDonald began showing his musical talent, particularly with the steelpan, and when he was 17 years old started playing pan for the Harry Belafonte show. He remained with the Belafonte band for a decade before deciding to strike out on his own. In 1967, together with Bill Eaton and William Salter, he formed Antisia Music Incorporated. Antisia is based in Stamford
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Music of Trinidad and Tobago


blend choral voices with the steelpan), Eastern Performing Arts Fraternity and Eastern Youth Chorale, Lydian Singers, UWI Festival Arts Chorale; the National Philharmonic and the National Steel Symphony Orchestra, and the Classical Music Development Foundation, among others. Historically, the indentured laborers who came from India brought with them the form of authentic Indian Classical Music. A form of local Indo-Trinidad classical music was later created. However, organisations were able to keep the pure classical form alive. Bharatiya Vidya Sansthaan, under the guidance of Prof.
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Music of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines


The music of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines includes thriving music scenes based on Big Drum, calypso, soca, steelpan and also reggae. String band music, quadrille, bélé music and traditional storytelling are also popular. Soca is a form of dance music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago from calypso music. It originally combined the melodic lilting sound of calypso with insistent percussion (which is often electronic in recent music) and local chutney music. Soca music has evolved in the last 20 years primarily by musicians from Trinidad, Guyana
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Trinidad and Tobago Carnival


large amount of money. To be named Calypso Monarch is one of the country's greatest honours, the competition which is called Dimanche Gras is aired on television. Along with the honour comes an enormous trophy, a car, TT $1,000,000 (approx.) and possible endorsements and other contracts. Other prestigious titles are the King and Queen of the Bands; the International Soca Monarch (both Groovy and Power); the Carnival Road March; and Panorama (for steelpan). For the latter, the 2011 prize was
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Pete Seeger


steelpan, steel drum or "Ping-Pong" as it was sometimes called. The two searched out a local panyard director Isaiah and proceeded to film the construction, tuning and playing of the then new, national instrument of Trinidad-Tobago. He was attempting to include the unique flavor of the steel pan into American Folk music. In the 1950s and indeed consistently throughout his life, Seeger continued his support of civil and labor rights, racial equality, international understanding, and anti-militarism (all of which had characterized
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Jit Samaroo


Jit Sukha Samaroo (24 February 1950 – 7 January 2016) was a Trinidadian composer and steelpan musician. Jit Samaroo was born in Surrey village, in Lopinot, Trinidad and Tobago, the seventh of 13 children in a family of Indian origin. At the age of 10, he joined the short-lived Village Boys pan-round-the-neck side. His mother, who loved playing the dholak, died in 1962, and so, young Jit, appointed the task of taking care of younger siblings, formed
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Steelpan


family of instruments, and so is not a drum (which is a membranophone). Steel pans are the only instruments made to play in the Pythagorean musical cycle of fourths and fifths. The pan is struck using a pair of straight sticks tipped with rubber; the size and type of rubber tip varies according to the class of pan being played. Some musicians use four pansticks, holding two in each hand. This skill and performance have been conclusively shown to have grown out of Trinidad and Tobago's early 20th-century
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Postage stamps and postal history of Trinidad and Tobago


This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Trinidad and Tobago. Trinidad and Tobago lies northeast of Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles. Trinidad and Tobago was a Spanish colony from the times of Christopher Columbus to 1802, when it was ceded to Britain. The country obtained independence in 1962. The first stamps of Trinidad were the famous Lady McLeod, a private local post, stamps of 1847. The first definitives for Trinidad were issued in 1851. Tobago used stamps of Trinidad from 1860.
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Dominion of Trinidad and Tobago


Trinidad and Tobago gained its independence from the United Kingdom on 31 August 1962 and became a republic on 1 August 1976. When British rule ended in 1962, the Trinidad and Tobago Independence Act 1962 transformed the British Crown Colony of Trinidad and Tobago into an independent sovereign state, sharing its sovereign, Elizabeth II, the Queen of Trinidad and Tobago, with the other states headed by Queen Elizabeth II. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago. The following governors-general held
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Handpan


than 300 handpan builders have entered the market and offer instruments that vary widely in material, manufacturing techniques, shape, sound and quality. The term "handpan" was discussed controversially. Critics pointed out that the Hang, which all makers of handpans use as a standard model, is essentially defined through its difference from the steelpan. Furthermore, the term "pan" is used for the national culture of the steel bands in Trinidad and Tobago, to which neither the Hang nor the instruments called handpans bear any relationship. Supporters
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Sforzata Steelband


The Sforzata Steel Orchestra is a Trinidad and Tobago steelpan band, formed on 29 July 1975 by arranger Merlin "Mutt" Gill, Irvin Burgess and other musicians who had left the nearby Scherzando Steel Orchestra. Early on, Sforzata gained financial support from the National Brewery in the sum of TTD $8,000.00. For this assistance, the band adopted the name Mackeson Sforzata for a short period of time. Sforzata gained a local following but were not as popular as Scherzando had been. Part of the reason for this had to do
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Limbo (dance)


Checker also helped to popularize: "How low can you go?" Limbo was brought into the mainstream by Trinidadian Calypsonian Brigo (Samuel Abrahams) with his popular Soca song "Limbo Break". Limbo is considered the unofficial national dance of Trinidad and Tobago, which refers to itself as the land of limbo, steelpan (steel drums), and calypso. After a preparatory dance, the dancer prepares and approaches the bar, lowering and leaning back their body while balancing on feet akimbo with knees extended backwards. The dancer
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Yann Tomita


He was introduced to the sound of steelpan drums by a 1970s Van Dyke Parks album, and subsequently traveled to Trinidad and Tobago to learn how to play them. He later performed with Parks onstage during the late 1980s, playing steel pan. He was a member of Water Melon Group, led by Toshio Nakanishi of Plastics fame. He also mixed, arranged, and co-produced Seiko Ito's "MESS/AGE" (1989) album, which has been cited as one of the pioneering works in Japanese hip hop
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San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago


discs. The sea and boat represent the beginnings as a fishing village. The sugar cane stalk represents the sugar industry. The oil tank represents productivity and the oil industry. The house represents shelter for all races. The sun-like disks represent Steelpan and Tassa, as well as togetherness. During its first year as a city, San Fernando was twinned with the town of La Trinité, Martinique. Ties with the French were re-established. San Fernando is divided into nine electoral districts, each represented by a Councillor
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Military band


Americas, the military band heritage in this part of the world is a mix of various traditions, primarily drawn from Europe. Countries in the Americas belonging to the Commonwealth of Nations are generally modelled after their British counterparts. Trinidad and Tobago takes this tradition a bit further with the use of steelpans in its bands. Military bands throughout Latin America draws influence from the military bands found in France, Germany, Portugal, Italy and Spain. However, Haiti remains the only state in the region, whose military bands are primarily modelled
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Steelpan


Percussion Orchestra (TASPO), formed to attend the Festival of Britain in 1951, was the first steelband whose instruments were all made from oil drums. Members of TASPO included Ellie Mannette and Winston "Spree" Simon. Hugh Borde led the National Steel Band of Trinidad & Tobago at the Commonwealth Arts Festival in England, as well as the Esso Tripoli Steel Band, which played at the World's Fair in Montreal, Canada, and later toured with Liberace. They were featured on an album with him. Anthony Williams designed
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President's House, Trinidad and Tobago


railings with Victorian Italianate style arched portals and loggias. The house was used as the home of the Governor of Trinidad and Tobago and the Monarch of the United Kingdom from 1876 to 30 April 1958, when it became the residence of the Governor-General of the West Indies Federation. Trinidad and Tobago attained independence on 31 August 1962. The house was then used as a museum and art gallery for a period, until it again became the residence of the Governors-General and the Queen of Trinidad and Tobago. When Trinidad
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Heavenly Drum


Heavenly is an album released by popular Soca artist Machel Montano from Trinidad and Tobago in 2009. It was first launched at J&R Music World in New York City on June 19, 2009. The album marks Machel Montano's third solo release after rebranding to Machel Montano HD in 2007. The album features several solo and collaborative tracks, with popular artists such as: Bermudian Collie Buddz, Jamaican Busy Signal, Trinidadians Umi Marcano, Chinese Laundry, Make It Hapn and Len "Boogsie" Sharpe & Phase 2 (A Steelpan band
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BWIA West Indies Airways


jets; in turn, this order was dropped after only two A321s were delivered. On 22 February 1995, the government of Trinidad and Tobago completed the privatisation of BWIA by turning over majority control of the common stock and management of the airline to a private group of US and Caribbean investors. In the early 2000s (decade), BWIA changed its livery to a new Caribbean green and blue color scheme with its famous steelpan trademark, the national musical instrument of its home base. The fleet had been upgraded to seven Boeing
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Desperadoes Steel Orchestra


Mr. Rudolph Charles. Despers also make an effort to educate their community in Laventille, and has hosted "Pan Camps" with up to 200 children participating. Besides playing steelpan, the program includes foreign language training, life skills and field trips. Despers have won the National Steelband Panorama competition of Trinidad and Tobago a total of eleven times in their history. Their most recent win took place in 2016, where they won with a total of 285 points, placing First Citizens Supernovas in second place, who accumulated 284 points.
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Rudolph Charles


Rudolph Charles (1 October 1938 – 29 March 1985) was a musician and instrument maker of the Steelpan, but most notably, he was a pioneer and leader of the steelband movement in Trinidad and Tobago. Also known as Charlo, The Hammer and Trail, among other names, he led Desperadoes Steel Orchestra to 10 various victories from 1965 to 1985, including six Panoramas, two Classical Music Festivals, one Best Bomb and one Best Playing Steel Orchestra. Charles was born as fourth of nine children and grew up in Laventille
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Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy


The Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy, is the premier knockout tournament for teams in Trinidad and Tobago that is open to all clubs affiliated with the Trinidad and Tobago Football Association. The FA Trophy is the oldest football competition in Trinidad and Tobago, dating back to 1927 when Shamrock claimed the inaugural trophy. Since the competition involves clubs of all standards playing against each other, there is the possibility for 'giant-killers' from the lower divisions of eliminating top clubs from the tournament and even theoretically win the trophy, although lower
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Lall Sawh


award given by that country for excellence in the fields of medicine and surgery. At the time of the award, he was 43 years old, making him the youngest person in the history of Trinidad and Tobago to be awarded the Chaconia Medal Gold for his contribution to surgery in Trinidad. In 2009, Sawh was named a "National Icon" by the Government of Trinidad and Tobago and was furthered honoured by the Society of Surgeons in Trinidad and Tobago when he was featured in their publication "Trinidad and Tobago Icons in Science
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Trinidad and Tobago at the 2015 Pan American Games


Trinidad and Tobago qualified five cyclists (one in road and four in track). Trinidad and Tobago qualified a men's team of 16 athletes. ---- Trinidad and Tobago qualified a men's and women's teams for a total of 36 athletes (18 male and 18 female). Trinidad and Tobago qualified a full team of four golfers. Trinidad and Tobago qualified 2 gymnasts. Trinidad and Tobago qualified a one male judoka. Trinidad and Tobago qualified 2 boats. Trinidad and Tobago qualified one shooter. Trinidad and Tobago qualified three
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Trinidad and Tobago football clubs in international competition


. For comparison, this table shows how Trinidad and Tobago clubs have performed at the top level of CONCACAF football before the TT Pro League era. Defence Force remains the only team from Trinidad and Tobago to win the Champions' Cup in 1978 and 1985. Since the "Teteron Boys"' treble-winning season, the best performance by a Trinidad and Tobago team came in 1987 and 1988 when Defence Force, and again in 1991 when Police finished as runners-up. On this table, covering before and during the
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Southern Caribbean


English-speaking islands in the region. Invented in Trinidad, the closest islands, Barbados and Grenada, were the first islands to promote and produce the music out of Trinidad & Tobago. Since the 1960s, many other islands have been promoting their styles of music, such as Antigua & Barbuda, St Kitts & Nevis, Saint Vincent, Dominica, and Jamaica (although to a much lesser extent). The steel pan, a famous symbol of the Caribbean, was invented in Trinidad also during the 1940s, during World
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House of Angostura


The House of Angostura (), also known as Angostura Limited, is a Trinidad and Tobago company famous for the production of Angostura bitters, invented by the company's founder. The company is also a distiller and is the major producer of rum in Trinidad and Tobago. The company also has been used as a vehicle for international expansion by its parent company, CL Financial. As a result of these acquisitions, the company owns distillers in the United States, Canada, The Bahamas and Suriname. The company was founded around
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Presbyterian Church in Trinidad and Tobago


The Presbyterian Church in Trinidad and Tobago is a Presbyterian church in Trinidad and Tobago, established by missionaries from the Presbyterian Church in Canada. The Presbyterians in the Maritime Provinces of Canada decided to work in Trinidad in 1868 among East Indian immigrants. When Rev. Morton from the Presbyterian Church in Nova Scotia visited the sugar estates islands of the East Indian Company, he asked the church in Canada to do mission there. When Rev. Morton, his wife and their daughter arrived in Trinidad the United Presbyterian Church in Scotland was established a lere
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Trinidad and Tobago at the 2011 Pan American Games


Trinidad and Tobago will compete at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico from October 14 to 30, 2011. Trinidad and Tobago will send 78 athletes in 14 sports. Trinidad and Tobago has qualified 13 athletes. Track and road events Field events Track and road events Field events Trinidad and Tobago has qualified a women's team. Trinidad and Tobago has qualified one male boxer. Men Trinidad and Tobago has qualified one male athlete. Trinidad and Tobago has qualified two cyclists. Trinidad and Tobago has qualified a men's and
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Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force


The Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force (TTDF) is the military organization responsible for the defence of the twin island Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. It consists of the Trinidad and Tobago Regiment, the Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard, the Trinidad and Tobago Air Guard and the Defence Force Reserves. Established in 1962 after Trinidad and Tobago's independence from Britain, the TTDF is one of the largest Military forces in the English speaking Caribbean. Its mission statement is to "defend the sovereign good of The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago,
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Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago


According to the Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago, the supreme law of the nation, the Attorney General and Minister of Legal Affairs of Trinidad and Tobago is the primary legal advisor to the Government of Trinidad and Tobago. The Attorney General is a member of the Government and has two separate constitutional roles, a governmental role, in which he acts as a Member of Government in the performance of his duties, and a role as the guardian of the public interest, when he acts independently in a quasi-judicial capacity. The
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Driver's licenses in Trinidad and Tobago


In Trinidad and Tobago, you could obtain a learner's permit at your 17th birthday. Licenses to drive are commonly referred to in Trinidad and Tobago as Driver's Permits. Driver's Permits are issued by the Licensing Authority, which is governed by the Ministry of Works and Transport. In order to legally operate any motor vehicle in Trinidad and Tobago, only when it is on public-owned-roads, the operator of the motor vehicle must be in possession of a valid Driver's Permit on their person and is legally
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Trinidad and Tobago Air Services


Trinidad and Tobago Air Services also known as the TTAS, was an Air Bridge service for Trinidad and Tobago. It was based at Piarco International Airport, Trinidad and Tobago. In 1974, TTAS was founded and owned by the Government of Trinidad and Tobago and the TTAS was the national flag carrier of Trinidad and Tobago. In 1980, Trinidad and Tobago Air Services were merged with BWIA International Airways thus ending the TTAS operation. The Trinidad and Tobago Air Services fleet included the following aircraft: Domestic scheduled destinations served by the air
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Trinidad and Tobago at the 2018 Commonwealth Games


and women's beach volleyball team for a total of four athletes. Trinidad and Tobago participated with a team of 2 athletes (2 men). Trinidad and Tobago participated with 4 athletes (4 men). Trinidad and Tobago participated with 1 athlete (1 man). Trinidad and Tobago participated with 5 athletes (5 men). Trinidad and Tobago participated with 3 athletes (2 men and 1 woman). Trinidad and Tobago participated with 1 athlete (1 man). Trinidad and Tobago participated with 4 athletes (3
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President of Trinidad and Tobago


The President of Trinidad and Tobago is the head of state of Trinidad and Tobago and the commander-in-chief of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1976, before which the head of state was Queen Elizabeth II. The last Governor-General, Sir Ellis Clarke, was sworn in as the first President on 1 August 1976 under a transitional arrangement. He was formally chosen as President by an electoral college consisting of members of both houses of Parliament on 24
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Ministry of Finance (Trinidad and Tobago)


The Ministry of Finance is a cabinet ministry in the Government of Trinidad and Tobago. The head of the ministry is the Minister of Finance and is appointed by the President of Trinidad and Tobago on the advice of the Prime Minister. The incumbent, Mr. Colm Imbert, assumed office on September 11, 2015, and succeeded Mr. Larry Howai following the Trinidad and Tobago general election, 2015. The first mention of The Ministry of Finance was in 1956 when an elected Minister of Finance would replace the Official Financial Secretary (British civil
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Rugby union in Trinidad and Tobago


Rugby union in Trinidad and Tobago is a popular sport. There are currently 4,457 registered players, and 13 clubs. They are currently ranked 45th in the world. The governing body is the Trinidad and Tobago Rugby Football Union (TTRFU). The first record of rugby union being played in Trinidad and Tobago dates to the expatriate community in 1922. The game remained confined to this community until the late 1960s when an emphasis on schools development began. This period declined by the end of the 1970s and was not renewed until 1990
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Royal Bank of Trinidad and Tobago


of Canada (RBC), who previously had divested the bank in 1987. On 16 June 2008, RBC completed the acquisition. RBTT Financial Holdings Limited and RBC Holdings (Trinidad & Tobago) Limited, a subsidiary of RBC, will amalgamate and continue as a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of RBC. The head office of the Caribbean operations for RBC will be located at Port of Spain, the capital of Trinidad and Tobago, and the site of RBTT's headquarters. RBTT's history in Trinidad and Tobago began in 1902 when
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Satnarayan Maharaj


Satnarayan Maharaj CM (also known as Sat Maharaj; born April 17, 1931 in Chandernagore Village, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago) is a religious leader in Trinidad and Tobago. He is the Secretary-General of the Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha, a major Hindu organisation in Trinidad and Tobago. The Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha operates 150 mandirs and over 50 schools in Trinidad and Tobago. It was formed in 1952 when Bhadase Sagan Maraj engineered the merger of the Satanan Dharma Association and the Sanatan Dharma Board of Control. An affiliated
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Trinidad and Tobago at the 2006 FIFA World Cup


The only participation of Trinidad and Tobago in the final stages of the FIFA World Cup came in 2006, when they qualified for the tournament in Germany, but failed to win any match and were eliminated at the group stage. Trinidad and Tobago became the smallest nation to reach the finals of a World Cup tournament, a feat previously held by Jamaica at the 1998 World Cup. They did very well. On 12 October 2005, Trinidad and Tobago secured fourth place in the CONCACAF final qualification round, and therefore participated in a
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Trinidad & Tobago Cricket Board


The Trinidad & Tobago Cricket Board (TTCB) is the ruling body for cricket in Trinidad and Tobago. The current board was incorporated in the Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago under Act No. 34 of 1989. The authority was originally established on June 26, 1956 under the name "Trinidad Cricket Council". In 1958 it was renamed the "Trinidad and Tobago Cricket Council" to incorporate and reflect the sister isle of Tobago. In January 1980 it was renamed the "Trinidad and Tobago Cricket Board of Control", and
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Orders, decorations, and medals of Trinidad and Tobago


Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Chaconia Medal Hummingbird Medal Chaconia Medal Hummingbird Medal Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Chaconia Medal Hummingbird Medal Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Chaconia Medal Hummingbird Medal Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Chaconia Medal Hummingbird Medal Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Chaconia Medal Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Chaconia Medal Hummingbird Medal Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Chaconia Medal Chaconia Medal Hummingbird Medal Trinity Cross Chaconia Medal Hummingbird Medal Public Service Medal of Merit Trinity Cross Chaconia Medal
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Trinidad and Tobago passport


of Trinidad and Tobago by either: The front page of the Trinidad and Tobago passport contains the following information: REPUBLIC OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO PASSPORT Model number (e.g. 2015) Passport number The following printed material: This passport is the property of the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Alteration, addition or mutilation of entries is prohibited by law. Any unofficial change will render the passport invalid. On the last page of the Trinidad and Tobago passport, the following statement is printed: REPUBLIC OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO The
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List of heads of state of Trinidad and Tobago


This is a list of the heads of state of Trinidad and Tobago, from the independence of Trinidad and Tobago in 1962 to the present day. From 1962 to 1976 the head of state under the Trinidad and Tobago Independence Act 1962 was the Queen of Trinidad and Tobago, Elizabeth II, who was also the Monarch of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen was represented in Trinidad and Tobago by a Governor-General. Trinidad and Tobago became a republic under the Constitution of 1976 and the Monarch and Governor
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Demographics of Trinidad and Tobago


Trinidad and Tobago that have names of Hindustani origin. Some phrases and vocabulary have even made its way into the mainstream English and English Creole dialect of the country. The Tamil language is spoken by a significant number of older Trinidad and Tobago population. The newer generation speaks other languages of the country. The Chinese language first came to Trinidad and Tobago in 1806, when the British had brought Chinese laborers in order to determine if they were fit to use as laborers after the abolition of slavery. About 2,645 Chinese immigrants arrived in
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Trinidad and Tobago dollar


British pounds, shillings, and pence until the year 1935 when Trinidad and Tobago went decimal. The Currency Interpretaion Ordinance of 1934 replaced the system of pounds, shillings and pence with the dollar, retaining the fixed exchange rate of 1 dollar for every 4 shillings 2 pence. Trinidad and Tobago entered a currency union with other Caribbean nations after World War II. The currency of the union (see next paragraph) was replaced by the modern Trinidad and Tobago dollar in 1964, two years after the nation's independence in 1962.
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Trinidad and Tobago dollar


's own notes. In 1955, coins were introduced when the dollar was decimalized. In 1964, Trinidad and Tobago introduced its own dollar. Between 1964 and 1968 the Trinidad and Tobago dollar was utilized in Grenada as legal tender until that country rejoined the common currency arrangements of the East Caribbean dollar. The Trinidad and Tobago dollar and the Eastern Caribbean dollar were the last two currencies in the world to retain the old rating of one pound equals four dollars and eighty cents, as per the gold sovereign to the Pieces of eight
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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Trinidad and Tobago


The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Trinidad and Tobago is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Countries belonging to the Commonwealth of Nations exchange High Commissioners rather than Ambassadors. Though there are a few technical differences (for instance, whereas Ambassadors present their diplomatic credentials to the host country's head of state, High Commissioners are accredited to the head of government), in practice they have the same function. Trinidad and Tobago were British colonies from 1802 to 1964, when the combined
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Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team


cricket from 1869, when Trinidad took on Demerara for two matches, winning one and losing one. They also participated in the Inter-Colonial Tournament between Barbados, British Guiana (formerly Demerara), and themselves, playing in all 28 tournaments that were held between 1891–92 and 1938–39. From the late 1880s, Tobago was incorporated into the crown colony of Trinidad as a ward. After independence in 1962, the team changed its name to reflect the official name of the country, Trinidad and Tobago, and when the Shell Shield
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Anya Ayoung-Chee


then returned home to Trinidad. Following her return to Trinidad, Ayoung-Chee entered the 2008 Miss Universe competition and won the title of Miss Trinidad & Tobago. She is the second title Miss Trinidad & Tobago in the franchise's 44-year history to be of Chinese descent. When asked, "Is your Asian heritage an issue since you represent a country with an overwhelming African and Indian heritage?" Ayoung-Chee replied, "Trinidad & Tobago is unique in its ethnic make-up because it is a country with people
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Trinidad and Tobago football clubs in international competition


Trinidad and Tobago football clubs have entered international competitions since 1967, when Regiment of the Port of Spain Football League took part in the 1967 CONCACAF Champions' Cup. Since the nation's first international club competition, several association football clubs from Trinidad and Tobago have entered North America, Central America, and Caribbean competitions (CONCACAF Champions' Cup/Champions League and CFU Club Championship). The CONCACAF Champions' Cup started in 1962, but there was no Trinidad and Tobago representative during that inaugural season as the competition was open to
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Danielle Dolabaille


Danielle Dolabaille is a Trinidadian beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned as Miss Earth Trinidad and Tobago 2015 and her country's representative in Miss Earth 2015. Prior being the Miss Earth Trinidad and Tobago, Danielle joined few contests. One of which was when she joined the Face of T&T 2013 pageant and Miss Trinidad & Tobago Universe 2014 where it was won by Jevon King. Danielle did not win any either of the pageants she had joined. At the coronation night of Miss Earth Trinidad and Tobago 2015 held on 17 June 2015,
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The Scout Association of Trinidad and Tobago


The Scout Association of Trinidad and Tobago is the national Scouting organization of Trinidad and Tobago. Scouting was founded in Trinidad and Tobago in 1912 and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1963. The association has 5,234 members (as of 2011). The Chief Scout is President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Paula-Mae Weekes. As an island nation, there is also a Sea Scout section. The national emblem of the Scout Association of Trinidad and Tobago incorporates the coat of arms of Trinidad
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List of dams and reservoirs in Trinidad and Tobago


in north Trinidad supplying Arima, Port of Spain and other areas of north Trinidad. It is also a popular tourist attraction. Located about three miles off the Valencia Road, the Hollis Dam is the oldest dam in Trinidad and Tobago. It was built between 1934 and 1936, under the reign of Sir Claud Hollis, who governed Trinidad and Tobago from 1930 to 1936. This man-made lake is fed from the waters of the Quare River and rainfall from the surrounding mountains. When full it can supply 8.2 million gallons
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First Spouse of Trinidad and Tobago


The First Lady of Trinidad and Tobago is the title attributed to the wife of the President of Trinidad and Tobago and the First Gentleman of Trinidad and Tobago to the husband of the President of Trinidad and Tobago, a position created in 1976. The position was last held by Reema Harrysingh-Carmona, wife of President Anthony Carmona, from 2013 to 2018. To date, there have been no First Gentlemen of Trinidad and Tobago as the first (and incumbent) female President, Paula-Mae Weekes, is unmarried. The
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Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago


Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago Limited (generally known as TSTT) is a large telephone and Internet service provider in Trinidad and Tobago. The company, which is jointly owned by the Government of Trinidad and Tobago and Cable & Wireless, was formed out of a merger of Telco (Trinidad and Tobago Telephone Company Limited) and Textel (Trinidad and Tobago External Telecommunications Company Limited). TSTT no longer holds a monopoly in fixed-line telephone services due to FLOW introducing a fixed-line service of their own, and their
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Canada–Trinidad and Tobago relations


Canada–Trinidad and Tobago relations refers to the bilateral relations between Canada and Trinidad and Tobago. Both Countries established full diplomatic relations in August 1962 after Trinidad's Independence. Since establishing relations, Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force have trained alongside Canadian Forces. As of 2011, there were a estimated 68,225 Trinidadians and Tobagonians in Canada and 3,000-5,000 Canadians living in Trinidad and Tobago, 92% of which hold dual citizenship. Students in Trinidad and Tobago Universities are eligible for scholarships to Canadian Universities. Several hundred student visas are approved
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Steelpan


, or a selected calypso); a piece of choice (very often a "classic" or European art-music work); and calypso of choice, in a concert-style venue. Panorama, the largest steelband contest in the world, occurs during Carnival celebrations in Trinidad. Steelpans were introduced to the genre of Jazz Fusion by players such as Dave Samuels and Othello Molineaux in the 1980s, and Jonathan Scales in the 2000s. The sound of the steelpans adds a pleasant and accessible sound to an otherwise complex musical
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Trinidad and Tobago passport


a result, the Trinidad and Tobago passport gives visa free or visa on arrival access to 150 countries and territories. Persons who obtained Trinidad and Tobago citizenship through naturalization and are eligible in obtaining a Trinidad and Tobago passport must take the Oath of Allegiance. The Oath of Citizenship or officially Oath of Allegiance, is a statement recited by individuals wishing to become citizens of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Individuals who wish to become a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago do so through the Ministry of National Security's Citizenship and Immigration Section
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Trinidad and Tobago Film Company


The Trinidad & Tobago Film Company Limited (FilmTT) is the state agency established in 2006 to facilitate the growth and development of the film and audio-visual sector in Trinidad & Tobago. As a subsidiary of the Trinidad and Tobago Creative Industries Company Limited, FilmTT works on all aspects of film sector development, promotes Trinidad & Tobago as a film production location, and provides Film Commission services to local and incoming productions. FilmTT's mission is to maximise the economic and creative potential of Trinidad and Tobago's screen industries for the
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Netball in Trinidad and Tobago


Netball in Trinidad and Tobago is a popular sport. Trinidad and Tobago hosted 1979 Netball World Championships The Trinidad and Tobago national netball team won 3rd place in the 1979 Netball World Championships, and 3rd place in the 1983 Netball World Championships. As of January 2011, the women's national team was ranked eighth in the world. Trinidad and Tobago Netball The Trinidad and Tobago national netball team is known as the Calypso Girls named for the music that was born from that island nation has made history in the world of netball. The
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Trinidadian and Tobagonian British


language links (English being the most common language in all countries, including Trinidad and Tobago). The UK and Trinidad and Tobago maintain close links, especially since Trinidad and Tobago was once part of the British Empire and remains in the Commonwealth of Nations. 21,283 Trinidad and Tobago-born people were living in the UK at the time of the 2001 Census. The 2011 Census recorded 22,872 Trinidad and Tobago-born residents in England and Wales. The censuses of Scotland and Northern Ireland recorded 663 and 62 Trinidad and Tobago-
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Mexico–Trinidad and Tobago relations


Mexico–Trinidad and Tobago relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the United Mexican States and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States and the United Nations. Mexico and Trinidad and Tobago are two American nations with an early common history. Initially, both nations had been under control of the Spanish Empire. By 1802, Trinidad and Tobago became part of the British Empire. In 1962, Trinidad and Tobago became
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List of Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy winners


The following is a list of Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy winners, since its inception in 1927. The FA Trophy, is a knockout cup competition in Trinidad and Tobago football, organised by the Trinidad and Tobago Football Association. It is the oldest football competition in Trinidad and Tobago. The tournament is open to all clubs in the top three levels of the football pyramid. The competition culminates in January with the FA Trophy final, which has traditionally been regarded as the showpiece finale of the Trinidad and Tobago football season. The
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Holly B


Holly Betaudier (1925, Arima, Trinidad and Tobago – May 2016, Glencoe, Illinois, United States) was a radio and television personality from Trinidad and Tobago. He was known as Holly B the Arima Kid for short. He started broadcasting from Chaguaramas during World War II for the US armed forces. He moved to Radio Trinidad then on to Trinidad and Tobago television when it started in 1962 and finally on I95fm He hosted programs like "Scouting for Talent", "Crix Five with Holly B", "Parang
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Trinidad and Tobago passport


Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago hereby requests all those whom it may concern to permit the citizen of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago named herein to pass freely without let or hindrance and to afford the said citizen such lawful assistance and protection as may be necessary. Visa requirements for Trinidad and Tobago citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Trinidad and Tobago. Effective 28 May 2015, Trinidad and Tobago citizens gained visa-free access to Schengen Area. As
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Trinidad and Tobago Film Company


, filming in Trinidad and Tobago and funding, among others. The Trinidad and Tobago Secondary Schools Short Film Festival was founded by MovieTowne and passed on to The Trinidad and Tobago Film Company Ltd (FilmTT) in 2010. Winning films are shown at the Trinidad and Tobago Film Festival annually and winning schools awarded with high-tech equipment to sustain their film programs and productions. The national Smartphone Film Festival was launched in 2013. The competition which invites amateur filmmakers from Trinidad and Tobago to film mini-movies using only smartphone/
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Visa requirements for Trinidad and Tobago citizens


Visa requirements for Trinidad and Tobago citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Trinidad and Tobago. As of 02 July 2019, Trinidad and Tobago citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 147 countries and territories, ranking the Trinidad and Tobago passport 29th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index. As a member of CARICOM, Trinidad and Tobago passport holders that are skilled nationals with a CSME Certificate have access to freedom of movement in all CARICOM full member states
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Trinidad and Tobago–United Kingdom relations


Trinidad and Tobago–United Kingdom relations are foreign relations between Trinidad and Tobago and the United Kingdom. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Since the independence of Trinidad & Tobago in 1962, relations between the two countries have been mostly friendly and there are many areas in which both Trinidad and Tobago and the UK seek stronger ties for mutual benefit. There are also strong cultural and social ties between the two nations. In Trinidad and Tobago, English is one of the official languages, and Cricket is among
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Russia–Trinidad and Tobago relations


Russia–Trinidad and Tobago relations are the bilateral relations between the Russian Federation and Trinidad and Tobago. Diplomatic relations were established on June 6, 1974. Russia is represented in Trinidad and Tobago through a non-resident embassy in Georgetown, Guyana. Premier of the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev sent a telegram to Eric Williams, the incoming Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, on 30 August 1962 recognising the independence of Trinidad and Tobago from the United Kingdom. In the same telegram, which was sent only hours before the formal independence
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Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language


Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language (TTSL), sometimes called Trinidadian or Trinbago Sign Language (TSL) is the indigenous deaf sign language of Trinidad and Tobago, originating in about 1943 when the first deaf school opened, the Cascade School for the Deaf. It is not used in deaf education, which has been the domain of American Sign Language since about 1974, when a philosophy of Total Communication replaced previous Oralist approaches. A mixture of TTSL and ASL is used in Deaf associations, with TTSL being used more heavily in informal
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The Church of the Nazarene in Trinidad and Tobago


The Church of the Nazarene in Trinidad and Tobago is a part of the international Church of the Nazarene. The Christian denomination entered Trinidad and Tobago in 1926 by sending USA missionary couple James and Nora Hill and Barbados missionary Carlotta Urchilla Graham. Their labor culminated in the incorporation of the Church of the Nazarene in Trinidad and Tobago by Act of Parliament in 1974. The story of the growth of the Church of the Nazarene in Trinidad and Tobago is recorded in the book, A History of the Church of the Nazarene in Trinidad and
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Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago


developmental growth of the telephone network in Trinidad and Tobago from the mid-1930s until 1960. Approximately 6,300 lines were in service when the country got its first 1000-line step-by-step exchange in 1936. In 1947, Consolidated purchased the government-operated system in Tobago and the first teleprinter (TELEX) link was established in 1949. After a prolonged strike in 1960, which existed for 1,124 days, the government of the day purchased the company, and on November 30, Trinidad Consolidated Telephones Limited became the state owned Trinidad and
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Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha


or the other of the two national Hindu bodies. The Sanatan Dharma Board of Control, for example had branches in 32 villages by the late 1930s. The greatest development in the Hindu communal activity in Trinidad and Tobago began in 1952 when under the guidance and direction of powerful Pt. Goberdhan JP of Siparia Old Road in southern Trinidad, British Trinidad and Tobago (who acted as a representative of the Governor General of Trinidad and Tobago at difficult times) Bhadase Maraj united the Sanatan Dharma Association and the Sanatan Dharma Board of Control
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Catholic Church in Trinidad and Tobago


The Catholic Church in Trinidad and Tobago is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Apostolic Nuncio to Trinidad and Tobago is, since December 2011, Archbishop Nicola Girasoli, who is also Apostolic Nuncio to other independent states and Apostolic Delegate for the dependent territories in the Caribbean area. The Catholic Church has been present on the island of Trinidad since the 15th century, when the first missionaries arrived here from the Dominican and the Franciscan Religious orders. Missionary ventures to the country launched
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