when did the united states become the united states
United States Bill of Rights


's ratification with a letter-writing campaign to state legislatures. As a result, by May 1992, enough states had approved Article Two (38 of the 50 states in the Union) for it to become the Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution. The amendment's adoption was certified by Archivist of the United States Don W. Wilson and subsequently affirmed by a vote of Congress on May 20, 1992. Three states did not complete action on the twelve articles of amendment when they were initially put before the states
9428839
United States Coast Guard Unit 387 Cryptanalysis Unit


codes during the prohibition and later Axis agent codes during WWII, leading to the breaking of several code systems including the Green and Red Enigma Machines. The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Unit 387 was established in the 1920s as a small embedded unit of the USCG. It did not become an officially named unit until 1931, when it was named the USCG Unit 387 by Elizebeth Friedman. The United States government established this code-communications unit to intercept ship communications and track down prohibition law breakers because “rum runners” were
9376041
Bolshevik Party of India


the People's United Left Front joined the United Front which formed a state government. In March 1969 Barada Mukutmoni was named Minister of Tourism in the second United Front government of West Bengal. A split occurred in BPI in the wake of Mukutmoni joining the state government. To become a minister Mukutmoni had to resign from his post as secretary of the West Bengal State Committee of BPI, which he did. But when the State Committee met on 14 March 1969 Mukutmoni's candidate for new secretary was defeated in a vote. Mukutmoni
9059302
Herrera v. Wyoming


Herrera v. Wyoming, No. 17-532, 587 U.S. ___ (2019), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that Wyoming's statehood did not void the Crow Tribe's right to hunt on "unoccupied lands of the United States" under an 1868 treaty, and that the Bighorn National Forest did not automatically become "occupied" when the forest was created. Clayvin Herrera is a member of the Crow Tribe of Indians. In January 2014, He, along with several other
17139187
Chamizal dispute


never changed and therefore that the Chamizal was technically Mexican territory, while the United States claimed that the 1848 convention applied, that the boundary was the result of sudden erosion, and that the property therefore belonged to the United States. The tribunal recommended that year that part of the disputed tract lying between the riverbed, as surveyed in 1852, and the middle of the river in 1864 would become United States territory and the remainder of the tract become part of Mexico. The United States rejected the proposal on grounds that it did
8124130
2006 United States immigration reform protests


are individuals who arrive and live in the United States without legal documentation. In many cases, individuals arrive to the United States with legal documentation such as tourist or student visas and overstay the amount of time they are allowed to remain in the United States, thus becoming unauthorized immigrants. Many others cross the borders between the United States and Mexico, or the United States and Canada, without legal documentation. Today, undocumented entry to the United States is a misdemeanor. Unauthorized immigration did not always exist to the extent that it
18329297
History of women in the United States


work slowed. Birth control activism was an important cause in the 1930s. In 1936, Margaret Sanger helped bring the case of "United States v. One Package" to the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. The decision in that case allowed physicians to legally mail birth control devices and information; however, it applied only to New York, Connecticut, and Vermont; birth control did not become legal for married couples throughout the United States until the 1965 Supreme Court decision Griswold v. Connecticut, and did not become legal for unmarried couples
12076187
Puerto Rican cuisine


dishes with fish, eggs and dairy. When Thanksgiving was first celebrated, Puerto Rico was not a part of the United States and did not recognize the holiday. After officially becoming a commonwealth, Thanksgiving was eagerly accepted by the people as their own and has become one of the most celebrated vacations (holidays) of the year. As many regions of the Continental United States have, they've also put their own twist on this classic American tradition. Most American dishes have been adopted for this special day. Side dishes such
4166483
Daylight saving time in Canada


St. John's, Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador), which did not become part of Canada until 1949, also used DST before 1918. In practice, since the late 1960s DST across Canada has been closely or completely synchronized with its observance in the United States to facilitate consistent economic and social interaction. When the United States extended DST in 1987 to the first Sunday in April, all DST-observing Canadian jurisdictions followed suit to mimic the change. The latest United States change (Energy Policy Act of 2005),
20894917
Voter ID laws in the United States


and it was advised to accept more forms of identification for the fall 2016 election cycle. Voter ID laws go back to 1950, when South Carolina became the first state to start requesting identification from voters at the polls. The identification document did not have to include a picture; any document with the name of the voter sufficed. In 1970, Hawaii joined in requiring ID, and Texas a year later. Florida was next in 1977, and Alaska in 1980 to become the first five states in the United States to request
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Alabama Territory


The Territory of Alabama (sometimes Alabama Territory) was an organized incorporated territory of the United States. The Alabama Territory was carved from the Mississippi Territory on August 15, 1817 and lasted until December 14, 1819, when it was admitted to the Union as the twenty-second state. The Alabama Territory was designated by two interdependent Acts of the Congress of the United States on March 1 and 3, 1817, but it did not become effective until October 10, 1817. The delay was due to a provision in the
20669325
Chester Nimitz Jr.


her parents she returned to England at the outbreak of World War I in 1914, and was raised in England. Joan came to the United States in 1938 to study dentistry at the University of California Dental School in San Francisco, and met Chester at a cocktail party at Mare Island. She would make news in 1944 when she failed her test to become a United States citizen; two days later she did become an American citizen. The couple would have three daughters, Frances Mary, Elizabeth Joan, and Sarah Catherine.
959854
Battle of Quebec (1775)


) to the United States. As the Americans did not have possession of Canada at the time, the British refused and the American diplomats did not press the point. Had the Americans been victorious at the battle of Quebec, and were still in possession of Canada at the time of the peace negotiations, the American diplomats in Paris might have been more successful in demanding what is now southern Ontario and southern Quebec become part of the United States. Three current United States Army National Guard units (Company A of the 69th Infantry
15241389
Honorary citizenship of the United States


passed authorizing the President to grant honorary citizenship by proclamation. What rights and privileges honorary citizenship bestows, if any, is unclear. According to State Department documents, it does not grant eligibility for United States passports. Despite widespread belief that Lafayette received honorary citizenship of the United States before Churchill, he did not receive honorary citizenship until 2002. Lafayette did become a natural-born citizen during his lifetime. On 28 December 1784, the Maryland General Assembly passed a resolution stating that Lafayette and his male heirs "forever shall be
11105100
List of ambassadors of the United States to Bahrain


The United States Ambassador to Bahrain is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of Bahrain. The current Ambassador to Bahrain is Justin Siberell. Until 1971, Bahrain had been part of a British protectorate along with the other sheikhdoms in the Persian Gulf. In 1971 the protectorate ended and seven of the other sheikhdoms joined in a federation to become the United Arab Emirates. Bahrain, however, did not join the federation, but declared its independence on August 15, 1971. The United States
13480521
1788–89 United States elections


The United States elections of 1788–89 were the first federal elections in the United States following the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788. In the elections, George Washington was elected as the first president and the members of the 1st United States Congress were selected. Formal political parties did not exist, as the leading politicians of the day largely distrusted the idea of "factions." However, in the years after the ratification of the Constitution, Congress would become broadly divided by the economic policies of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton,
8008104
Bonnie Newman


Jane Ellen "Bonnie" Newman (born June 2, 1945) from North Hampton, New Hampshire is an American administrator and business executive. A Republican, she worked for Judd Gregg, Ronald Reagan, and George H. W. Bush. Newman was also interim president of the University of New Hampshire (UNH) and the Community College System of New Hampshire. She was selected to be the United States Senator from New Hampshire when Gregg was nominated to become United States Secretary of Commerce, but did not take office when the vacancy
9161911
Propaganda in the United States


education, respecting your parents and working hard. Propaganda was also in sports. In 1980 the olympics were in Moscow and the United States boycotted along with Japan, West Germany and many other nations. When the Olympics were held in Los Angeles in 1984 the Soviets did the same as the United States did to them and did not show up for the games. In Education purposes the United States kids watched videos in school and one is called How to Spot a Communist. There was an abundant amount of propaganda in the time
17250005
1840s


in 1849—of which 50,000 to 60,000 were from the United States. In 1850, California joined the union as the 31st state. The Republic of Texas had declared independence in 1836, as part of breaking away from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. The following year, an ambassador from Texas approached the United States about the possibility of becoming an American state. Fearing a war with Mexico, which did not recognize Texas independence, the United States declined the offer. In 1844, James K. Polk was elected the United States president after
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John Marshall Harlan (1899–1971)


in the affair. In 1930, Harlan returned to his old law firm, becoming a partner one year later. At the firm, he served as chief assistant for senior partner Emory Buckner and followed him into public service when Buckner was appointed United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York. As one of "Buckner's Boy Scouts", eager young Assistant United States Attorneys, Harlan worked on Prohibition cases, and swore off drinking except when the prosecutors visited the Harlan family fishing camp in Quebec, where Prohibition did
7713604
Taxation in the United States


on exports from the American Colonies, and with it created the first tax administration in what would become the United States. Other tariffs and taxes were imposed by Parliament. Most of the colonies and many localities adopted property taxes. Under Article VIII of the Articles of Confederation, the United States government did not have the power to tax. All such power lay with the states. The United States Constitution, adopted in 1787, authorized the federal government to lay and collect taxes, but required that some types of tax revenues be
11862601
United States territory


1994, the United States administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, but the Trust ceased to exist when the last member state of Palau gained its independence to become the Republic of Palau. The Panama canal, and the Canal Zone surrounding it, was territory administered by the United States until 1999, when control was relinquished to Panama. The United States has made no territorial claim in Antarctica but has reserved the right to do so. The government of the United States of America has claims to the oceans in accord with
12127009
Flag of the United States


dip their flag to King Edward VII: the American flag bearer did not. Team captain Martin Sheridan is famously quoted as saying "this flag dips to no earthly king", though the true provenance of this quotation is unclear. The flag should never be allowed to touch the ground and, if flown at night, must be illuminated. If the edges become tattered through wear, the flag should be repaired or replaced. When a flag is so tattered that it can no longer serve as a symbol of the United States
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American Yorkshire


The American Yorkshire, a breed of domestic pig, is the American version of the English Yorkshire. The American Yorkshire has smaller and more-floppy ears when compared to the English Yorkshire's large, erect ears. American Yorkshires are the most recorded swine breed farmed for its meat in the United States. The breed was developed in Yorkshire, England, circa 1761. In 1830, the first Yorkshires were imported to the United States, specifically to Ohio, but because of their slow growth rate, they did not become popular
4595086
Gustave Niebaum


, just as Gustave Niebaum did, as the Consul of Imperial Russia in the United States in 1867 (at the time Finland was the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland of Russia) — when Alaska was purchased to become part of the United States. During his Russian America governorship, Furuhjelm also put an end to the hostilities with the indigenous peoples of Alaska, and he succeeded in abolishing the Alaskan "Ice Treaty" with San Francisco. According to a contract which had been signed, Russian America had to deliver a certain amount
5035117
1986 United States bombing of Libya


been no change in our country." The Government of Libya said that the United States had fallen prey to arrogance and madness of power and wanted to become the world's policeman. It charged that any party that did not agree to become an American vassal was an outlaw, a terrorist, and a devil. Gaddafi quashed an internal revolt, the organization of which he blamed on the United States, although Gaddafi appeared to have left the public sphere for a time in 1986 and 1987. The Libyan Post dedicated several postage
3088274
G. Stanley Hall


the United States as a legitimate form of study and science. He began the first journal dedicated only to psychology in the United States of America, called the "American Journal of Psychology". He was also the first president of the American Psychological Association. All of the work that Hall did in the field of psychology and for psychology in the United States of America allowed for all the other psychologists to follow in his foot steps and to become psychologists in the United States. Without the effort from Hall it could have taken
1029842
Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons


including France, the United States, nor the United Kingdom, the nuclear weapon states within NATO), claiming that the treaty will be 'ineffective in eliminating nuclear weapons' and instead calling for advanced implementation of Article VI of the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Following the treaty's adoption, the permanent missions of the United States, the United Kingdom and France issued a joint statement indicating that they did not intend "to sign, ratify or ever become party to it". After stating that the instrument clearly disregarded the realities
2769884
1966 United States Senate elections


1962 primary for the same Senate seat. On June 14, the South Carolina Democratic Party held their primary election and Hollings scored a comfortable victory over Russell to become the Democratic nominee. The South Carolina Republican Party was in the beginning stages of becoming a major political party in South Carolina politics. It had few elected officials in the state and when state senator Marshall Parker from Oconee County sought the Republican nomination, he did not face any opposition. Parker faced an uphill battle in winning the Senate seat. First, the state
16566687
United States territorial acquisitions


Territory of the Pacific Islands, but the Trust ceased to exist when the last member state of Palau gained its independence to become the Republic of Palau. The Panama canal, and the Canal Zone surrounding it, was territory administered by the United States until 1999, when control was relinquished to Panama. The United States has made no territorial claim in Antarctica but has reserved the right to do so. The government of the United States of America has claims to the oceans in accord with the United Nations Convention on the Law of
2495189
United States Virgin Islands


a part of the United States customs area. The 1936 Organic Act and the 1954 Revised Organic Act established the local government. In 1970 Virgin Islanders elected their first governor, Melvin H. Evans, and from 1976 the islands began work on creating their own constitution. Tourism began to develop, over time becoming the most important sector of the Islands' economy. Water Island, a small island to the south of St. Thomas, was initially administered by the US federal government and did not become a part of the United States Virgin
13610994
Iu Mien people


cause the individual who did so to become ill . On July 16 it is believed that the whole universe's spirits return to the spirit world so everything in the human world is believed to become normal again. Today, there are about 30,000 to 50,000 Iu Mien people living in the United States; they adapted well in the industrial country which they learned to obtain job skills and work in the production workforce as well as white collar jobs in the United States of America. Since Iu Mien people have arrived in the United States
16614146
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution


. When South Carolina ratified the amendment in November 1865, it issued its own interpretive declaration that "any attempt by Congress toward legislating upon the political status of former slaves, or their civil relations, would be contrary to the Constitution of the United States". Alabama and Louisiana also declared that their ratification did not imply federal power to legislate on the status of former slaves. During the first week of December, North Carolina and Georgia gave the amendment the final votes needed for it to become part of the Constitution. The
13051773
The Exorcist (film)


did not have content specifically geared to them. The film earned $66.3 million in distributors' rentals during its theatrical release in 1974 in the United States and Canada, becoming the second most popular film of that year (trailing "The Sting" which earned $68.5 million) and Warners' highest-grossing film of all time. After several reissues, the film has grossed $232.6 million in the United States and Canada, which when adjusted for inflation, makes it the ninth highest-grossing film of all time in
17697595
Thomas Sammons (consul)


extension of the commercial relations between them signed in 1903 as a follow up to the Boxer Protocol. From 1907 to 1909 he was US consul-general to Korea and between 1909 and 1913 he was US Consul-General in Yokohama, Japan. Sammons was appointed United States Consul General in Shanghai, serving from 1914 to 1919 when he was transferred to be US consul-general in Melbourne, the then capital of Australia. In 1921, he was slated to become United States Minister to China, but the appointment did not
8216406
United States v. John (1978)


ended the federal oversight of Choctaw Indians who remained in the state after 1833. The state claimed that "Mississippi Choctaw citizens did not become a tribe, did not live on a reservation in Indian country, and did not become wards of the federal government as a result of the Indian Reorganization Act (1934) and a proclamation of the Department of Interior (1944)." Since they are not tribal members, the provisions of the Major Crimes Act does not apply, and the state has jurisdiction. John was represented by
16847949
Sentimentally Yours


over into the Pop chart to #14, becoming another major crossover hit for Cline. The second single, a cover of "Heartaches", charted only on the Billboard Pop Chart in the United States. Both singles charted on the United Kingdom Singles Chart in 1962, becoming Cline's first singles to do so. The album did not include all of Cline's hits from that year. Her other hits included the Top 10 "When I Get Thru' With You" / "Imagine That" and the Top 15
17248971
Succession to the Throne Act, 2013


a first born daughter and a second born son, it is conceivable that if the United Kingdom changed its law of succession and Canada did not, the daughter would become Queen of the United Kingdom and the son would become King of Canada." Twomey later highlighted the fact that Canada is not included among the territories the British bill lists as being affected by it when law and she stated both that the Canadian bill was ineffective and the government's methods amounted to a "de-patriation of the Canadian constitution". A
5085223
Operation Beleaguer


coming "show-down" in Manchuria, the United States went into a usual postwar reduction of its armed forces. By December 1945, thousands of men in IIIAC were eligible to return to the United States under the point discharge and rotation plan, and increasing numbers would become eligible in each month of the new year. Although some replacements, low point men and regulars, were available from Marine units disbanding elsewhere in the Pacific, or from the United States, the number did not meet the minimum requirements of the units
16544123
1966 United States Senate special election in South Carolina


their primary election and Hollings scored a comfortable victory over Russell to become the Democratic nominee. The South Carolina Republican Party was in the beginning stages of becoming a major political party in South Carolina politics. It had few elected officials in the state and when state senator Marshall Parker from Oconee County sought the Republican nomination, he did not face any opposition. Parker faced an uphill battle in winning the Senate seat. First, the state was dominated by the Democratic Party and any Republican politician faced a tough time seeking election. Although
20906414
United States v. Schwimmer


her the possibility of becoming a United States citizen. Rosika Schwimmer was a pacifist who would not take the oath of allegiance to become a naturalized citizen. She was born in Hungary and while in the United States delivering a lecture she decided that she wanted to become a US citizen. When asked if she would be willing to "take up arms in defense of her country" she responded in the negative. She stated that she believed in the democratic ideal, but she asserted that she was an uncompromising pacifist. "My
10335628
Italy–United States relations


war with the United States was the German puppet state the Italian Social Republic. Italian Partisans and Victor Emmanuel III and his loyalists from 1943 and onward helped the United States and other Allies during the Italian Campaign of World War II. When the War ended the United States occupied Italy until its plebiscite on the institutional form of the State. The United States helped with the transition from a monarchy to a republic in 1946. Since then, Italy has become an ally of the United States and a buffer against the spread of communism
4340862
Ship prefix


NUSHIP is used to denote ships that have yet to be commissioned into the fleet. In the United States, all prefixes other than "USS", "USNS", "USNV", and "USRC" were made obsolete in 1901, when President Theodore Roosevelt issued an Executive order fixing American naval nomenclature. USRC was replaced by USCGC when the Revenue Cutter Service merged with the United States Lifesaving Service to become the United States Coast Guard in 1915. USLHT also was replaced by USCGC when the United States Lighthouse Service became
3177052
Afghanistan–United States relations


Afghanistan–United States relations can be traced to 1921 but the first contact between the two occurred further back in the 1830s when the first recorded person from the United States was visiting Afghanistan. In the last decade, Afghan-American relations have become stronger than ever before. Afghanistan and the United States have a very strong and friendly strategic partnership. In 2012, relations became even closer when the President of the United States, Barack Obama declared Afghanistan a Major non-NATO ally. According to a 2012 BBC poll, the
16294687
Christmas in the American Civil War


Christmas in the American Civil War (1861–1865) was celebrated in both the United States and the Confederate States of America although the day did not become an official holiday until five years after the war ended. The war continued to rage on Christmas and skirmishes occurred throughout the countryside. Celebrations for both troops and civilians saw significant alteration. Propagandists, such as Thomas Nast, used wartime Christmases to reflect their beliefs. In 1870, Christmas became an official Federal holiday when President Ulysses S. Grant made it so in an attempt to unite
17717416
List of Olympic men's ice hockey players for the United States


squads on American soil en route to their first Olympic gold medal. The next several years were not as successful, and the Americans fell in the rankings; when the United States won silver in 1972, it did so from the B Pool, becoming the first B Pool squad to medal in an Olympic tournament. In 1980, Herb Brooks, the last man cut from the team that won gold in 1960, was named coach, and selected a team of college hockey players. The Americans shocked the world by first upsetting
18026783
Foreign policy of the Evo Morales administration


the U.S. Ambassador. After the meeting Richard Lugar (R-In), said that the United States rejected any suggestion that it did not respect Bolivia's sovereignty or the legitimacy of its government. Morales responded that he was confident relations with the United States would improve when Obama becomes president. In the light of the declining U.S. economy following the economic crisis of 2008, Bolivian trade officials looked for alternative markets to close an export gap with trade reduction between the U.S. and Bolivia. The country chose Vietnam and China in this
3491557
Voter turnout


election would be close increased turnout: "Closer elections are associated with greater turnout only when polls exist. Examining within-election variation in newspaper reporting on polls across cantons, we find that close polls increase turnout significantly more where newspapers report on them most." One 2017 study in the "Journal of Politics" found that, in the United States, incarceration had no significant impact on turnout in elections: ex-felons did not become less likely to vote after their time in prison. Also in the United States,
8071977
Annexation Bill of 1866


The Annexation Bill of 1866 was a bill introduced on July 2, 1866, but never passed in the United States House of Representatives. It called for the annexation of British North America and the admission of its provinces as states and territories in the Union. The bill was sent to committee but never came back, was never voted upon, and did not become law. The bill never came to the United States Senate. The bill authorized the President of the United States to, subject to the agreement of the governments of
9004918
United States Agricultural Society


United States Agricultural Society (USAS) was founded in 1852. The United States Agricultural Society was founded during a convention. Twelve different states in the country had agricultural societies. They decided to become one unit, creating the USAS. It was the started at time when there was no Department of Agriculture in the United States government, before Abraham Lincoln established an independent Department of Agriculture. An attempt was made by Solon Robinson to start an agricultural body in 1841, but it was given up in 1843. The United States Agricultural
4181226
Digital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2014


States Senate during the 113th United States Congress. A similar bill, the Digital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2013 (H.R. 2061; 113th Congress), was introduced at the same time in the United States House of Representatives. There was also a previous version of the bill () that passed in the House during the 112th United States Congress, but did not become law. On May 9, 2014, President Barack Obama signed this version of the bill into law. "This summary is based largely on the summary provided
15133430
Dixon Donnelley


become an information officer at the United States Department of State focused on the Americas area. During the 1956 Democratic presidential primaries, Donnelley was the press secretary for Sen. Estes Kefauver (D—TN) to become president of the United States, with Kefauver losing the primaries to Adlai Stevenson. From 1958 to 1961, Donnelley served as Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of State (Christian Herter and later C. Douglas Dillon). When C. Douglas Dillon was named United States Secretary of the Treasury, Donnelley remained Dillon's assistant,
13850432
Lead abatement in the United States


become extremely dangerous if ingested. Unfortunately other cities are suspected of having a relatively poor water situation because of recent analysis of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) records by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). It has been estimated that in 2015 over 18 million people had been served by 5,363 community water systems that contained water that did not pass the Lead and Copper Rule's regulations. An additional 33 cities around the US have been investigated for violating EPA guidance when it comes to properly testing their water
11139857
Albert Richard Thomas


the University of Texas Law School. He married Lera Millard. Thomas was admitted to the bar in 1927, and he practiced law and served as Nacogdoches County Attorney before moving to Houston in 1930 to become Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of Texas. When long-time congressman Joe H. Eagle did not seek reelection in 1936, so he could run for the United States Senate, Thomas sought and won the Democratic nomination, which was tantamount to election. In that primary, Thomas beat Houston Mayor Oscar F. Holcombe
9892111
PWF United States Heavyweight Championship


The Pacific Wrestling Federation (PWF) United States Heavyweight Championship is a former title defended in All Japan Pro Wrestling. The title was established in 1970 when The Destroyer, who held the Hawaii version of the NWA North American Heavyweight Championship, had the belt which would become the PWF United States Championship made to replace the original North American title belt, which had fallen into disrepair. The Destroyer then embarked on a world tour, on which he was billed as United States Champion. The title ended up becoming an official PWF title
20841883
Unsuccessful nominations to the Cabinet of the United States


Bob Dole to attack him, and claimed that Dole and Trent Lott intended to "turn up the heat" on his nomination. Dole and Lott denied this. Clinton nominated Anthony Lake to become the Director of Central Intelligence in December 1996. He withdrew in March 1997, after questioning by the United States Senate Intelligence Committee turned contentious. Clinton nominated Hershel W. Gober to become the United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs in 1997. When it became clear that the United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs intended to use the confirmation
3794638
United States Citizenship and Immigration Services


laws remains under Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). USCIS focuses on two key points on the immigrant's journey towards civic integration: when they first become permanent residents and when they are ready to begin the formal naturalization process. A lawful permanent resident is eligible to become a citizen of the United States after holding the Permanent Resident Card for at least five continuous years, with no trips out of the United States lasting 180 days or more. If, however, the lawful permanent
21835665
History of surface weather analysis


time standardization. The first attempts at time standardization took hold in the Great Britain by 1855. However, in the United States, standard time did not come to pass until 1883, when time zones started to come into use across America for railroad use. The entire United States did not finally come under the influence of time zones until 1905, when Detroit finally established standard time. The earliest surface analyses from the United States featured a map of the continental U.S. with indications of cloud cover and wind direction arranged on an early
17427059
Tort


. The United States also has faced a rise in no-fault insurance for automobile liability in several states. In England, ombudsmen may also take cases which could alternatively become tort lawsuits. When comparing Australia and the United States, Australia's tort law is similarly state law; however, there is a federal common law for torts unlike the United States. The influence of the United States on Australia has been limited. The United States may have influenced Australia's development of strict liability for products indirectly through legislation affected by European
10498673
1792 United States presidential election in New York


The 1792 United States presidential election in New York took place between November 2 and December 5, 1792 as part of the 1792 United States presidential election. The state legislature chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President. New York, unanimously cast its 12 electoral votes for incumbent George Washington during its first presidential election. Although the state had ratified the Constitution to become the eleventh state on July 26, 1788, it did not participate in the first presidential election in 1789 due
16022554
Canada–United States relations


the United States became extremely close partners. Canada was a close ally of the United States during the Cold War. The United States had become Canada's largest market, and after the war the Canadian economy became dependent on smooth trade flows with the United States so much that in 1971 when the United States enacted the "Nixon Shock" economic policies (including a 10% tariff on all imports) it put the Canadian government into a panic. Washington refused to exempt Canada from its 1971 New Economic Policy, so Trudeau saw
4959871
1861 United States Senate election in New York


The 1861 United States Senate election in New York was held on February 5, 1861, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 3) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate. Whig William H. Seward had been re-elected in February 1855 to this seat, had become a Republican upon the foundation of that party in September 1855, and his term would expire on March 3, 1861. Seward did not seek re-election, instead being certain to be appointed
1351947
Garuda Indonesia Flight 152


Nor was the court persuaded by Coyle's "commercial activity" argument. For the exception to apply, O’Scannlain noted, the statute requires that the action arise from “a commercial activity carried on in the United States by the foreign state...or upon an act outside the territory of the United States in connection with a commercial activity of the foreign state elsewhere [when such] act causes a direct effect in the United States.” The fact that Garuda sold tickets in the United States did not furnish a sufficient nexus to
20272739
Kagnew Station


War II, Radio Marina became controlled by the British military administration until they left Eritrea. At that time the British handed off Radio Marina to the United States. While the United States had access to base since 1942, a formalized agreement to permit the United States use of the site did not exist until 1952 when the Ethiopian government, the federation of Eritrea and the United States signed an agreement. When construction had progressed enough on Tract E, Kagnew Station officially opened on Tract E in 1958. Tract A remained active and
6479731
Sailor Moon (TV series)


the dubbed version of the series received poor ratings in the United States when it was initially broadcast in syndication and did not do well in DVD sales in the United Kingdom. Anne Allison attributes the lack of popularity in the United States primarily to poor marketing (in the United States, the series was initially broadcast at times which did not suit the target audience – weekdays at 9:00 a. m. and 2:00 pm). Executives connected with "Sailor Moon" suggest that poor localization played a role. British authors Helen McCarthy and Jonathan
1408974
United States nationality law


up citizenship when performing one of the above potentially expatriating acts. If asked, the individual can always answer that they did not intend to give it up; this is sufficient to retain their citizenship. Hence, the U.S. effectively allows citizens to acquire new citizenships while remaining a U.S. citizen, becoming a dual citizen. After a U.S. citizen satisfies the Department of State procedures, the Department of State issues a Certificate of Loss of Nationality (CLN) signifying that the Department of State has accepted the U.S. Embassy/Consulate's recommendation
12858249
Special elections to the 111th United States Congress


of the slim margin, Tedisco did not concede the race until more than three weeks later, when overseas ballots had been counted. On September 21, 2009, Republican John M. McHugh resigned to become United States Secretary of the Army. On November 3, 2009, Democrat Bill Owens defeated Conservative Doug Hoffman and Republican Dede Scozzafava in a race that garnered considerable press attention. Days before the election, Scozzafava dropped out of the race, then endorsed the Owens, the Democrat. Democrat Eric Massa announced his resignation effective March 8
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John George Alexander Leishman


States Ambassador to Italy in 1909 and United States Ambassador to Germany in 1911. Years later, as a board member of the Equitable Life Insurance Company, Frick used a similar scheme to arrange the removal of James Hazen Hyde (the founder's only son and heir) from the United States to France by seeking an appointment for him to become United States Ambassador to France. Unlike Leishman a decade before, Hyde rebuffed the offer. However, he did go to live in France, where he met and eventually married Leishman's
18447763
William Elbridge Sewell


William Elbridge Sewell (November 16, 1851 – March 18, 1904) was a United States Navy Lieutenant Commander, and the 6th Naval Governor of Guam from February 9, 1903 until being transported back to the mainland United States for medical treatment on January 11, 1904. He was born in Colchester, New York and appointed to the United States Naval Academy from that state in 1867. He did not become an Ensign immediately, but served on numerous ships before achieving the rank. He continued serving on a multitude of ships
5462423
1866 United States elections


The 1866 United States elections occurred in the middle of National Union/Democratic President Andrew Johnson's term, during the Third Party System and Reconstruction. Johnson had become president on April 15, 1865, upon the death of his predecessor, Abraham Lincoln. Members of the 40th United States Congress were chosen in this election. As this was the first election after the Civil War, many ex-Confederates were barred from voting, and several Southern states did not take part in the election. Delegations from Arkansas, Florida, Alabama
8211560
United States Bill of Rights


1792, the Kentucky General Assembly ratified all 12 amendments, however this action did not come to light until 1996. Article One came within one state of the number needed to become adopted into the Constitution on two occasions between 1789 and 1803. Despite coming close to ratification early on, it has never received the approval of enough states to become part of the Constitution. As Congress did not attach a ratification time limit to the article, it is still technically pending before the states. Since no state has approved it since 1792
9428837
Reynaldo Guerra Garza


Reynaldo Guerra Garza (July 7, 1915 – September 14, 2004) was a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. He was the first Mexican-American appointed to a federal court when he was appointed as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, and would later become the first Mexican-American, as well as the first Latin American, appointed to any circuit of the United States Court of Appeals. Born in Brownsville
11759578
United States of Europe


by and became an advocate of the ideas of Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi and his Paneuropean Union, though Churchill did not advocate Britain's membership of such a union. (Churchill revisited the idea in 1946). During the World War II victories of Nazi Germany in 1940, Wilhelm II stated that "the hand of God is creating a new world & working miracles. ... We are becoming the United States of Europe under German leadership, a united European Continent". In 1941, the Italian anti-fascists Altiero Spinelli
16694063
65th Infantry Regiment (United States)


, became the first Hispanic to become a four-star general in the United States Army, was the recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross, the Silver Star Medal, and the Bronze Star Medal. Col. Cordero Dávila was relieved of his command by Col. Chester B. DeGavre, a West Point graduate and a "Continental," an officer from the mainland United States, and the officer staff of the 65th was replaced with non-Hispanic officers. DeGavre, upset over the fact that "G" company did not
9207694
Argentina–United States relations


the late 19th century; there was minimal trade with the United States. When the United States began promoting the Pan American Union, some Argentines were suspicious that it was indeed a device to lure the country into the US economic orbit, but most businessmen responded favorably and bilateral trade grew briskly after the United States and did care of duties on Argentine wool in 1893. Relations soured when Argentina refused to join the Allies in the First World War. Argentina had large British and German populations and both countries had made large-scale
3799788
Legitimation crisis


established legitimacy. In the mid 1960s, the legitimacy of the United States government was challenged when citizens began to question the legality of the Vietnam War. In the United States 2000 presidential election, 2000 United States presidential election, Bush lost the popular vote but still won the electoral vote. Many United States citizens did not believe this was right. The legitimacy of the United States came into question after the Supreme Court Decision, Bush v. Gore. While some believe the legitimacy of the presidency came into question, others believe the
20028518
Separation of church and state


and state" itself does not appear in the United States Constitution. The states themselves were free to establish an official religion, and twelve out of the thirteen had official religions. The phrase of Jefferson (see above) was quoted by the United States Supreme Court first in 1878, and then in a series of cases starting in 1947. The Supreme Court did not consider the question of how this applied to the states until 1947; when they did, in "Everson v. Board of Education", the court incorporated the
6266819
David Owen Dodd


of the United States, stationed at Little Rock, Arkansas, and did there secretly possess himself of information regarding the number, the kind, and position of the troops of said Army of the United States, their commanders, and other military information valuable to the enemy now at war with the United States, and having thus obtained said information did obtain a pass from the Provost Marshal General's office, and endeavor to reach the lines of the enemy - therewith; when he was arrested at the cavalry outposts of said Army
2167068
Birth control in the United States


-contraceptive reasons, were pregnant or trying to become pregnant, or had not had sex in the 3 months prior to the survey. When examining reasons why women do not use birth control, a 2007 Pregnancy Risk Monitoring Assessment System (PRAMS) survey of over 8000 women with a recent unintended pregnancy found that 33% felt they could not get pregnant at the time of conception, 30% did not mind if they got pregnant, 22% stated their partner did not want to use contraception, 16% cited side effects
20894488
List of United States federal funding gaps


Since 1976, when the United States budget process was revised by the Budget Act of 1974 the United States Federal Government has had funding gaps on 22 occasions. Funding gaps did not lead to government shutdowns prior to 1980 when President Jimmy Carter requested opinions from Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti on funding gaps and the Antideficiency Act. His first opinion said that all government work must stop if Congress did not agree to pay for it. He later issued a second opinion that allowed essential government services to continue in the absence of a spending bill
20058789
United States Bureau of Reclamation


Reclamation Service studied potential water development projects in each western state with federal lands—revenue from sale of federal lands was the initial source of the program's funding. Because Texas had no federal lands, it did not become a Reclamation state until 1906, when Congress passed a law including it in the provisions of the Reclamation Act. From 1902 to 1907, Reclamation began about 30 projects in Western states. Then, in 1907, the Secretary of the Interior separated the Reclamation Service from the USGS and created an independent bureau within
12265681
1993 United States Virgin Islands status referendum


A status referendum was held in the United States Virgin Islands on 11 October 1993. After the United States Congress modified the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands to allow a vote on the status of the islands, a vote was scheduled for 1989. It was delayed several times until 1993, when voters were offered the options of integration into the United States, becoming a United States territory or independence. Although 82% voted in favour of territorial status, voter turnout was below the 50% threshold and the result was invalidated
17909742
Joseph Peter Stadtmueller


. He returned to private practice from 1975 to 1976, but was again an Assistant United States Attorney from 1977 to 1978, then the Deputy United States Attorney from 1978 to 1981, finally becoming the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Wisconsin from 1981 to 1987. On March 3, 1987, Stadtmueller was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin vacated when Judge John W. Reynolds Jr. took senior status. Stadtmueller was confirmed by the United States Senate on
20760563
Serbia–United States relations


parliamentary elections. The United States did not revoke Panić's citizenship even though his occupation of an executive position in the Yugoslav government clearly contradicted the United States Constitution. Nevertheless, Panić would become a person of interest in US diplomatic circles, given his business and residence backgrounds. At a CSCE meeting in Helsinki in July 1992, US Secretary of State James Baker abruptly dismissed Panić's appeal to reduce the sanctions to Yugoslavia, even after an agreement (between Panić, Milošević, and Dušan Mitević) was reached by which Milošević would
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Trieste United States Troops


plans to withdraw their forces from the Free Territory of Trieste and turn administration of Zone A over to the Italian Government, but did not announce a date to implement that plan. Late in 1953 when it became apparent that the four powers, United Kingdom, United States, Italy and Yugoslavia, were likely to reach an agreement on the civil administration of the Free Territory of Trieste, the United States Army evacuated dependent families. United States troops began leaving the Free Territory of Trieste in early October 1954 after the Governments of the
10738321
1930–1945 in Western fashion


popular until 1953 when Brigitte Bardot was photographed in one at the Cannes Film Festival. Although the bikini did become popular in Europe in 1953 it did not become popular in the United States until the 1960s. For men, the most noticeable effect of the general sobering associated with the Great Depression was that the range of colors became more subdued. The bright colors popular in the 1920s fell out of fashion. By the early 1930s, the "drape cut" or "London Drape" suit championed by Frederick Scholte, tailor to
15426236
2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq


in which he announced, “Major combat operations in Iraq have ended. In the Battle of Iraq, the United States and our allies have prevailed. And now our coalition is engaged in securing and reconstructing that country.” with a banner reading “Mission Accomplished” visible behind him. However, this United States military involvement did not formally end until December 15, 2011, when United States held a ceremony to mark the full withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq. The Iraq War began on March 19, 2003,
11988696
15th Infantry Regiment (United States)


next three years were uneventful. The unit placing seven men on the team of ten men from the Pacific Division in the Army's annual rifle competition in 1905. In November 1905, the regiment was posted to Mindanao in the Philippines. When the 15th returned to the U.S. in 1907, it was assigned to Fort Douglas, Utah. After 1907 the next change of station did not come for four years, but when it did come the 15th Infantry left the United States for twenty-six years. Before this removal,
6382309
Bomber Command


sizeable numbers did daylight bombing become effective. In January 1944, VIII Bomber Command was re-designated the 8th Air Force when the United States Strategic Air Forces came into being to coordinate the combined efforts of the 8th and the 15th Air Force in Italy. IX Bomber Command was part of the Ninth Air Force and had started life as the heavy bomber unit contingent of the U.S. Army Forces in the Middle East (USAFIME) fighting in the Egypt-Libya Campaign during 1942. When in 1943, the Ninth Air Force moved
20260886
John Floyd (Virginia politician)


John Floyd (April 24, 1783 – August 17, 1837) was a Virginia politician and soldier. He represented Virginia in the United States House of Representatives and later served as the 25th Governor of Virginia. During his career in the House of Representatives, Floyd was an advocate of settling the Oregon Country, unsuccessfully arguing on its behalf from 1820 until he left Congress in 1829; the area did not become a territory of the United States until 1848. In 1832, Floyd received votes for the Presidency of the United States
10076684
United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan


is Andrew B. Birge, who was appointed on January 20, 2017. The United States District Court for the District of Michigan was established on July 1, 1836, by 5 Stat. 61, with a single judgeship. The district court was not assigned to a judicial circuit, but was granted the same jurisdiction as United States circuit courts, except in appeals and writs of error, which were the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. Due to the Toledo War, a boundary dispute with Ohio, Michigan did not become a
4124969
Academy of Richmond County


The Academy of Richmond County is a high school located in Augusta, Georgia, United States. Known previously as Richmond County Military Academy, it is commonly known as Richmond Academy or ARC. Chartered in 1783, it claims to be the fifth oldest existing public high school in the United States, and the oldest existing public high school in the Southern United States. But it did not become a public high school until the second half of the 20th century, so some education historians dispute these claims. Richmond Academy is located at
5652001
13th Airborne Division (United States)


Regiment, the 88th Glider Infantry Regiment and the 326th Glider Infantry Regiment. The division's shoulder patch, a winged unicorn in orange on an ultramarine blue, the branch of service colours of the United States Army Air Corps, was approved on 2 June 1943. A gold on black "Airborne" tab was worn above the insignia. Between August 1943 and February 1945, the 13th Airborne Division remained in the United States and did not serve overseas or participate in any airborne operations, as it began training to become a combat
5953161
Tel Aviv Branch Office of the Embassy of the United States


The Branch Office of the Embassy of the United States of America in Tel Aviv is part of the diplomatic mission of the United States of America in the State of Israel. The complex opened in 1966, and is located at 71 HaYarkon Street in Tel Aviv. It will continue to house most of the activities and staff of the former United States Embassy as it did before May 14, 2018, when the seat of embassy was relocated to Jerusalem. In December 2017, President Donald Trump recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel
2102040
Seafirst Bank


before the US Supreme Court, "United States v. Seattle-First Nat. Bank", by arguing that it did not have to pay a transfer tax when it converted from a state to a federally chartered bank. In 1970 it was using the name Firstbank; in 1974 the name Seafirst was adopted instead. Seafirst was acquired by BankAmerica Corp. in 1983, when Seafirst was at risk of seizure by the federal government after becoming insolvent following the demise of Oklahoma City-based Penn Square Bank. Seafirst had acquired a significant
3024704
Barada Mukutmoni


in third place with 7443 votes (13.10%). Mukutmoni was named Minister of Tourism in the second United Front government of West Bengal in March 1969. A split occurred in BPI in the wake of Mukutmoni joining the state government. To become a minister Mukutmoni had to resign from his post as secretary of the West Bengal State Committee of BPI, which he did. But when the State Committee met on 14 March 1969 Mukutmoni's candidate for new secretary was defeated in a vote. Mukutmoni refused to hand over the secretary
1997353
United States v. Creek Nation


per acre as the value in 1926. Justice Willis Van Devanter delivered the opinion of the Court. Although he noted that, unlike most tribes, the Creeks actually owned the land in this case, Van Devanter said that the United States had the right to act as a guardian over the tribe, but that did not authorize the government to take the land. Van Devanter stated that the government's taking of Creek land did not occur in 1873, when the survey was filed, nor had it occurred in 1926 when the
9738529
Offshore balancing


United States in the 1930s and also in the 1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War. Mearsheimer argues that when the United States gave Lend-Lease aid to Britain in the 1940s, the United States engaged in offshore balancing by being the arsenal of democracy, not the fighter for it. That is consistent with offshore balancing because the US initially did not want to commit American lives to the European conflict. The United States supported the losing side (Iraq) in the Iran–Iraq War to prevent the development of a regional hegemon,
13928413
Osborn v. Bank of the United States


Osborn v. Bank of the United States, 22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 738 (1824), was a case set in the Banking Crisis of 1819, when many banks, including the Second Bank of the United States, demanded repayment for loans that they had issued on credit that they did not have. This led to an economic downturn and a shortage of money. In 1819, Ohio passed a law that put a tax on the Bank of the United States on the theory that taxing a bank would allow the
19798298
Northwest University (United States)


by fall of 2001, Northwest offered the Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology program. Not only did graduates receive their degree, but they were eligible to become Washington State Board Licensed Professional Counselors. Presently, Northwest University offers eight master's degrees in a variety of fields. In 2003 Joshua Davey, a Northwest student, took the State of Washington to the United States Supreme court for denying him a state-sponsored scholarship, in "Locke v. Davey". The court majority found the state's exclusion from funding theology degrees
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