who votes to elect a supreme court judge
List of judges of the Supreme Court of Missouri


The following is a list of all of the individuals who have served on the Supreme Court of Missouri. Missouri's Supreme Court had three judges from 1820 until 1872, when it was increased to five. In 1890 the number of judges was increased to seven, which is still the standard. Only the Chief Justice is referred to as "justice" while other members are referred to as "judge." The chief justice is typically elected to a two-year term on a rotating basis by a vote of the Supreme
11218016
Pineapple Primary


intimidation or conspiracy to prevent a citizen from exercising his right to vote. Special federal Prohibition officers swarmed into the city after the Deneen and Swanson bombings, and a city court bailiff who was a Thompson supporter was shot and wounded by a federal agent during a raid on a saloon. Under a finding by the Illinois Supreme Court, election judges were ruled as officers of the county court, and that any election judge who tampered with votes or intimidated voters could be jailed for contempt. Under the same court decision, some 3,000
20162875
Judiciary of Virginia


by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The Uniform Rules and Practices are promulgated by the Supreme Court and govern the practice and procedures to be used in the courts. By statute, the Chief Justice is chosen by a majority vote of the seven justices of the Supreme Court. The Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals is elected by a vote of the eleven Court of Appeals judges for a term of four years. The state has 120 Circuit Courts divided among 31 judicial circuits. The clerk of the Circuit Court is
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Supreme Court of El Salvador


The Supreme Court of Justice of El Salvador () is the highest court of El Salvador. The court sits in San Salvador. The current president is Judge José Belarmino Jaime, who has held the position for three consecutive terms. The Supreme Court is part of the judicial branch of El Salvador. It is composed of 15 judges and an equal number of substitutes. The magistrates are elected by the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador for nine-year terms, which are reviewed every three years. A two-thirds vote of
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Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania


of the vote, while Democrat Rob McCord was elected State Treasurer with 55% of the vote. There were three major statewide judicial contests in 2009. In the election for Justice of the State Supreme Court, Republican Joan Orie Melvin garnered about 900,000 votes (53.2%), defeating Democrat Jack Panella, who garnered about 800,000 votes (46.8%). The other two elections were for the state's two intermediate appellate courts. In the election for four judges to the State Superior Court, there were nine candidates. Of
5944806
Superior Electoral Court


, the Supreme Federal Court judges appeals filed against the Superior Electoral Court’s rulings. The composition of the court is ruled by Article 119 of the Constitution of Brazil, which sets that the court shall be composed by seven members. Three of them shall be elected by secret vote from among the Justices of the Supreme Federal Court and two other judges shall be elected by secret vote from among the Justices of the Superior Court of Justice. The remaining two shall be appointed by the President of Brazil from among six lawyers of notable
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Supreme Court of Alabama


Supreme Court of Alabama was organized under the governorship of William Wyatt Bibb, and had its beginnings with the Alabama Constitution of 1819, which stated that until the General Assembly deemed otherwise, the functions of the Supreme Court would be handled by the judges of the Alabama circuit courts. The circuit judges were elected by a joint vote of both houses of the Alabama Legislature. These judges met in May 1820 in the capital city of Cahaba for the first term of the Supreme Court. Clement Comer Clay was appointed by the other judges
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New Mexico Supreme Court


election system to select Supreme Court justices. On November 8, 1988, voters approved Amendment Six, which required that all justices be thereafter subject to non-partisan retention elections following their first term chosen by partisan election. The new system entered into effect on January 1, 1989. Amendment Ten, which was approved with little public controversy in 1994, increased the percentage required for retention from a majority to 57%. In 1997, two District Court judges who lost their 1996 retention elections, along with individuals who had voted
16246546
2010 Philippine presidential election


more candidates who have the highest and an equal number of votes, Congress, voting separately via majority vote will choose from these candidates, who have the highest and equal number of votes, who is to be the president. The Supreme Court shall "be the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of the President or Vice President". There are several parallel tallies, with the Congressional canvass the official tally. The COMELEC used the election returns from the polling precincts; the Congress as
3633508
Retention election


on the ballot without an opponent and voters would vote for or against. If the judge received a majority of votes, he or she would be elected to serve. (1) Within 30 days before August 16 preceding the expiration of the judge's term, a judge of the Supreme Court or a court of appeal may file a declaration of candidacy to succeed to the office presently held by the judge. If the declaration is not filed, the Governor before September 16 shall nominate a candidate. At the next general election
9440675
Government of the Republic of Abkhazia


, it elected with 23 votes in favour and 3 abstentions the opposition's nominee to succeed Tania, Zurab Achba, who had served as prosecutor in Gagra District until 2014. On 16 July 2014, Parliament elected Fatima Kvitsinia Chairman of the Arbitration Court of Abkhazia. On 1 June 2015, Supreme Court Chairman Roman Mushba announced his resignation, co-inciding with the end of his current mandate. On 30 July, Parliament elected as new Chairman Zurab Agumava, who had previously served as Supreme Court Judge, Interior Minister, Security
20930549
Swing vote


or abstain than cross over. Smaller groups that use voting to decide matters, such as chambers of parliament and supreme courts, can also have swing voters. The smaller the group, the more power swing voters can have. For example, on a court of seven judges, of which three are committed to each side of a case, the seventh judge may be seen as single-handedly deciding the case. In an election, there are "certain" or "lock" votes, voters who are solidly behind or
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Judiciary of Georgia (U.S. state)


court, probate court, and where needed a state court and a juvenile court; in the absence of a state court or a juvenile court, the superior court exercises that jurisdiction. All serving judges are elected by popular vote either from the entire state in the cases of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals or from a given circuit in the case of Superior Courts. Judges of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals serve for terms of six years. Judges of other courts serve for terms of four years.
4079186
Supreme Court of Missouri


being named, the Commission shall make the appointment. Once the judge has served for at least a year, he or she is placed on the general election ballot for a retention vote of the people. If retained, judges serve a term of 12 years. The following is a list of notable cases decided by the Supreme Court of Missouri or which came to the Supreme Court of the United States from the Supreme Court of Missouri. Since 1973, the Supreme Court of Missouri has heard all cases en banc (before all
19773741
Government of Georgia (U.S. state)


, probate court, and where needed a state court and a juvenile court; in the absence of a state court or a juvenile court, the superior court exercises that jurisdiction. All serving judges are elected by popular vote either from the entire state in the cases of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals or from a given circuit in the case of Superior Courts. Judges of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals serve for terms of six years. Judges of other courts serve for terms of four years. The
14689449
Angola–Portugal relations


the president. Legislative Branch Unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by closed list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms). The Judicial Branch consists of a Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (which was the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16-member judges in the court ); Constitutional Court (consists of 11 judges). The Supreme Court judges are appointed by the president with the recommendation of the Supreme
5942352
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania


no vote for retention is conducted. If the judge is retained, he/she serves another ten-year term. If the judge is not retained, the governor, subject to the approval of the State Senate, appoints a temporary replacement until a special election can be held. As of 2005, only one judge has failed to win retention. Justice Russell M. Nigro received a majority of no votes in the election of 2005 and was replaced by Justice Cynthia Baldwin, who was appointed by Governor Rendell in 2005. Only
8135188
Jeff Brown (judge)


Texas Supreme Court in the 2010 Republican primary. He finished in fifth place with 188,238 votes (16.8 percent). Brown ran in a 2014 special election in order to keep his position on the Texas Supreme Court. In the Republican primary election held on March 4, 2014, Brown defeated an intraparty challenge from Joe Richard Pool Jr., son of the late U.S. Representative Joe R. Pool, who in the 1960s held Texas' 3rd congressional district seat. Brown received 820,582 votes (71.9 percent) to Pool's 320,558 (28.1
5007110
North Dakota Supreme Court


The North Dakota Supreme Court is the highest court of law in the state of North Dakota. The Court rules on questions of law in appeals from the state's district courts. Each of the five justices are elected on a no-party ballot for ten year terms, arranged such that one seat is contested every two years. The Chief Justice is elected from the Justices every five years (or upon vacancy) by vote of the Supreme Court justices and the District Court judges. The justices of the North Dakota Supreme Court
20145066
Heidi Heitkamp


handful of Democrats to vote to confirm Trump's nominee, Mike Pompeo, as Secretary of State. Heitkamp voted to confirm Neil Gorsuch to the Supreme Court, telling CNBC that she had made this decision "based on an interview and a review of his record." She said: "Would he be the judge I'd pick? No, never...But he is the judge that the duly elected president picked." In October 2018, Heitkamp voted against confirming Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh, amid allegations that Kavanaugh had
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E. C. Burnett III


E. C. Burnett III was an associate justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court. He was elected on March 21, 1995, to fill the unexpired nine years of Judge Randall Bell's term; Judge Bell had died before being sworn into his seat on the South Carolina Supreme Court. Burnett defeated Judge Costa Pleicones by a vote of 102-58. In 1982 he presided over the trial of Edward Lee Elmore who was wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death row. The trial is used by investigative journalist Raymond Bonner as an example
10298179
Patience D. Roggensack


was elected to the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2003, defeating Barron County Circuit Court Judge Edward R. Brunner. Roggensack was elected Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court by her peers on April 29, 2015, following the certification of votes from the April 2015 election. Voters approved an amendment to the state constitution that changed the way the chief justice of the Supreme Court was selected. Previously the justice with the most seniority held the position, but the amendment allowed court members to choose the chief justice. Following the justices' election
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Ranjana Desai


she was promoted as a judge of the Supreme Court of India. On 8 May 2012, the Supreme Court bench composed of Ranjana Desai and Altamas Kabir ordered the government to end the Haj subsidy by 2022. On 27 September 2013, in a landmark judgement, a three-judge bench consisting of the Chief Justice P Sathasivam and Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai and Justice Ranjan Gogoi of the Supreme Court of India ruled that the right to register a "none of the above" vote in elections should apply. The court said that
8456719
2014 North Carolina judicial election


as an assistant district attorney in Stokes and Surry Counties. Inman won election to her first term on the North Carolina Court of Appeals with 51.9 percent of the vote. Judge Donna Stroud ran unopposed for re-election. Judge Mark A. Davis ran for a full term after serving out the remainder of Judge Cheri Beasley's unexpired term. Beasley was appointed to the Supreme Court. District Court Judge Paul A. Holcombe also ran for this seat. Paul Holcombe has been a District Court Judge for Johnston, Harnett and Lee Counties since
8978585
Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates


, Obama had an opportunity to fill a third Supreme Court vacancy, following the February 13, 2016, death of Associate Justice Antonin Scalia. On March 16, 2016, he nominated Merrick Garland, the Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit to the Court. However, Republican leaders in the Senate announced that they planned to withhold voting on any potential nominee until a new president was elected. Senate Democrats responded that there was sufficient time to vote on a nominee before the election.
3701821
1973 New York state election


for Chief judge was contested. For almost 60 years, all Chief Judges had been cross-endorsed by the two major parties. The Democratic State Committee met on March 12. No candidate received a majority, and the three contenders who polled more than 25% of the vote, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York Judge Jack B. Weinstein, Appellate Justice Francis T. Murphy and Supreme Court Justice Irwin R. Brownstein, were designated to run in a primary election for Chief Judge. Trial lawyer Lawrence D. Fuchsberg filed
1977450
Haneen Zoabi


that only "dark regimes" are proud of disqualifying election candidates. After hearing the case, the Central Elections Committee disqualified Zoabi in a 19–9 vote. The Supreme Court overturned the disqualification, with the nine-judge panel headed by Supreme Court President Asher Grunis unanimously voting to overturn the ban. Zoabi was subsequently re-elected. Followingn the elections, Likud MK Danny Danon initiated a bill dubbed the "Zoabi Law" in February 2019. An amendment to the Basic Law dealing with legislation, it would make it harder for
7584513
List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia


This is a list of past and present members of the Supreme Court of Virginia. The court's name was the Supreme Court of Appeals until it was changed in 1971. Members were titled Judge until a 1928 constitutional amendment changed the title to Justice and designated the presiding member Chief Justice. The court presently is made up of seven justices, each elected by a majority vote of both houses of the General Assembly for a term of twelve years. To be eligible for election, a candidate must be a resident of Virginia and
18955342
Elections in Minnesota


Employees in Minnesota are allowed time off from work to vote on the morning of Election Day. Recounts in Minnesota are handled by the State Canvassing Board, as needed in the 2008 Senate election between Norm Coleman and Al Franken. According to the Minnesota Statutes, "the state canvassing board shall consist of the secretary of state, two judges of the supreme court, and two judges of the district court selected by the secretary of state. None of the judges shall be a candidate at the election. If a judge fails to
22206351
Judiciary of Pennsylvania


published in the "Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court Reports" from 1970–1995. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court justices are elected to ten year terms. Supreme Court judicial candidates may run on party tickets. After the ten-year term expires, a statewide YES/NO vote for retention is conducted. If the judge is retained, he/she serves another ten-year term. If the judge is not retained, the Governor—subject to the approval of the State Senate—appoints a temporary replacement until a special election can be held.
14471752
Nebraska Supreme Court


through with this responsibility within 60 days of receiving the nominees, the responsibility then goes to Chief Justice of the state Supreme Court. To retain the office, a judge must run in a retention election after serving three years. Additionally, the judge must run every six years to retain his seat. If the judge receives less than 50% of the affirmative vote, the judge is not retained. Nebraska judges do not have a mandatory retirement age, but they are granted retirement at age 65 or earlier, if it is
14429569
Politics of the Central African Republic


of two bodies: the National Assembly and the Senate. The National Assembly ("Assemblée Nationale") has 105 members, elected for a five-year term using the two-round (or Run-off) system. The Senate ("Sénat") will have members, elected for a five-year term using an indirect vote. The Supreme Court, or "Cour Supreme", is made up of judges appointed by the president. There is also a Constitutional Court, and its judges are also appointed
5321594
Wisconsin Supreme Court


Prosser, Gableman, Roggensack, and Ziegler. Voting against were Abrahamson, Crooks, and A. Bradley. In the opinion of Justice Roggensack, "when a judge is disqualified from participation, the votes of all who voted to elect that judge are cancelled for all issues presented by that case. Accordingly, recusal rules . . . must be narrowly tailored to meet a compelling state interest." In dissenting, Justice A. Bradley called the decision "a dramatic change to our judicial code of ethics" and took issue with the
6584753
Supreme Court of El Salvador


elected by popular vote, and by the Legislative Assembly if no one obtained a majority. Finally, Congress chose the following people for the first Supreme Court: This court began its work on April 25, 1825. Following the end of the Salvadoran Civil War, the Commission on the Truth for El Salvador and the Ad Hoc Commission identified weaknesses in the judiciary and recommended solutions, the most dramatic being the replacement of all the judges on the Supreme Court. This recommendation was fulfilled in 1994 when an entirely new court was elected
14076177
Alabama Republican Party


Donald Trump also handily carried the state in 2016 for the GOP taking 62.1% of the vote. The GOP has won six consecutive races for Attorney General dating back to 1994. Six of the eight seats on the State Board of Education have elected Republicans. The Alabama Supreme Court, State Appeals Courts, and the rest of the state judiciary are moving decisively to Republican dominance. All nine Supreme Court justices and the ten judges who sit on the two statewide appellate courts are all Republicans. Today even the lower courts are moving
21588053
Supreme Court of Kenya


retirement age of judges who were appointed under the old Constitution of Kenya, the Supreme Court delivered a ruling which effectively set the retirement age at 70 years, sending the Deputy Chief Justice and one other Supreme Court Judge who had reached 70 on retirement. The following are the current members of the Supreme Court: The first round of the presidential election took place on March 4, 2013. Uhuru Kenyatta was declared the president-elect of Kenya by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC). Raila Odinga challenged this in
18164822
Charles H. Constable


Lincoln wrote a letter to Senator James Pearce recommending Constable be nominated for an Oregon federal judgeship. Constable was not gain this appointment. Around 1848, he moved with his family to Marshall, Illinois, and ran unsuccessfully for circuit court judge that same year. In 1858, Constable ran in a special election to fill a vacant seat of the Illinois Supreme Court, but was defeated by Pinckney H. Walker by a vote margin of 229 votes to 95. Constable ran again in 1861 and was elected as a state circuit court judge
1631658
Oregon Supreme Court


) that have retired from a state court. Only former Supreme Court justices, elected Oregon circuit court judges, or elected Oregon Court of Appeals judges can be assigned to temporary service on the Supreme Court. The court can appoint retired judges, lawyers, and other judges to serve temporarily as judges at any level in Oregon. They can also appoint senior judges to serve on any state court at or below the highest level of court that judge had served on before retirement or resignation. The state supreme court is responsible for admitting
3173378
Uruguay


, 30 of whom are elected for a five-year term by proportional representation and the Vice-President, who presides over the chamber. The judicial arm is exercised by the Supreme Court, the Bench and Judges nationwide. The members of the Supreme Court are elected by the General Assembly; the members of the Bench are selected by the Supreme Court with the consent of the Senate, and the judges are directly assigned by the Supreme Court. Uruguay adopted its current constitution in 1967. Many of its provisions were suspended in
13293324
William B. Caldwell (judge)


to Cincinnati, Ohio the next year. There he formed a partnership with General Samuel F. Cary. In 1841 Caldwell was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Hamilton County, Ohio, and in 1842, President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of that county. He held that position until 1849, when the Ohio General Assembly elected him to the Ohio Supreme Court. In autumn 1851, a new constitution of the state made judges elective, and Caldwell received the most votes among 11 candidates for five positions on the court. The five
7660801
Constitutional Court of Italy


Parliament of Italy and 5 elected by the ordinary and administrative supreme courts. Candidates need to be either lawyers with twenty years or more experience, full professors of law, or (former) judges of the Supreme Administrative, Civil and Criminal tribunals. The members then elect the President of the Court, since 8 March 2018 this has been Giorgio Lattanzi. The President is elected from among its members in a secret ballot, by an absolute majority (8 votes in the case of a full court). If no person gets
1748038
Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co.


of Appeals in Albany on February 24, 1928. The Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals, Benjamin N. Cardozo, was a judge who was greatly respected; he later became a justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. After a standout legal career, Cardozo had been elected to the trial-level Supreme Court in 1913, but was quickly designated by the governor for service on the Court of Appeals. He was in 1917 appointed a judge of that court, and in 1926 was elected chief judge by the voters. In
7503755
Supreme Court of Ukraine


the Supreme Court). According to a judicial reform the Court consists of 48 justices. Appointments to the Court are made after selected in a competition candidates are vetted by the Supreme Council of Justice, who then draw up a final list of candidates for the Supreme Court. After a relevant presidential decree, these candidates will become judges of the Supreme Court. Each member of the Court (as far as each judge in Ukraine) is obligated to retire at the age of 65. The Chairman of the Supreme Court is elected
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Arkansas Supreme Court


by the Governor of Arkansas. The current Arkansas Supreme Court includes: Under the state's first constitution, the Arkansas Supreme Court consisted of three judges including one Chief Justice, and all three of whom were elected by the Arkansas General Assembly. The first judges elected to the court by the Assembly were Daniel Ringo as Chief Justice (who served from 1836 to 1844), Townsend Dickinson (who served until 1842), and Thomas J. Lacy (whose term lasted until 1845). No change to the court's size occurred
11058862
Communist Control Act of 1954


the party label ("Salwen v. Rees"). The Supreme Court upheld the judgement of the New Jersey Superior Court in favor of the defendant-election official and adopted the Superior Court judge's oral opinion as its own. That opinion explained that the plaintiff-candidate was proclaiming that he was the candidate of the Communist Party and that a vote for him was a vote for "party enthronement." "In order to make good the outlawry of the Communist Party as such," the Superior Court judge stated,
21033639
Muhammad Tallal Chaudhry


Interior. In March 2018, the Supreme Court of Pakistan indicted Chaudhry for committing contempt of court. Chuadhry rejected the contempt allegations. In August 2018, the Supreme Court found Chaudhry guilty of contempt of court and disqualified him from holding public office and from contesting elections for five years. The three-judge bench also slapped him a fine of Rs 100,000. In September 2018, he challenged the verdict of the Supreme Court. In 2018 Pakistani general election Talal lost his seat NA-102 securing 97869 votes against Pakistan Tehreek-e-
17751810
Michael R. Morgan


Michael R. Morgan (born 1955) is an American judge from the state of North Carolina. Morgan is currently an Associate Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court. Previously, he served as a judge on the 3rd division of North Carolina Superior Court for Judicial Circuit 10B. In the 2016 election, Judge Morgan defeated 16-year incumbent Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Edmunds Jr., winning 54.45% of the votes and a majority of the state's counties. Justice Morgan is an alumnus of Duke University (A.B. degree, 1976) and North
184194
California Courts of Appeal


the remaining period of the term before standing for election. All California appellate justices must undergo retention elections every 12 years at the same time as the general gubernatorial election, in which the sole question is whether to retain the justice for another 12 years. If a majority votes "no," the seat becomes vacant and may be filled by the Governor. While Supreme Court justices are voted on by the entire state, Court of Appeal justices are voted on only by the residents of their districts. Like all other California judges
701367
Constitution of Croatia


Government is responsible to the Croatian parliament and parliament can vote of no confidence when Government resigns. Judicial power is exercised by independent and autonomous courts. Supreme Court is highest court and secures uniform application of laws and equal justice to all. The president of the Supreme Court is proposed by the President of the Republic and elected by the Croatian Parliament for a term of 4 years. Judicial office is permanent. Judges are elected by the National Judicial Council. The National Judicial Council consists of 11 members elected by the Croatian Parliament from
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Georgia (U.S. state)


judicial authority rests with the state Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, which have statewide authority. In addition, there are smaller courts which have more limited geographical jurisdiction, including Superior Courts, State Courts, Juvenile Courts, Magistrate Courts and Probate Courts. Justices of the Supreme Court and judges of the Court of Appeals are elected statewide by the citizens in non-partisan elections to six-year terms. Judges for the smaller courts are elected to four-year terms by the state's citizens who live within that court's
4345747
1970 United States Senate elections


election, Cramer handily defeated G. Harrold Carswell and body shop owner George Balmer; the former was a Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals judge favored by Kirk and had been rejected as a Supreme Court of the United States nominee a few months prior to the primary. Chiles won the election by a relatively small margin of 7.8%, receiving 902,438 votes against Cramer's 772,817 votes. Incumbent Spessard Holland, who served in the Senate since 1946, decided to retire rather than seek a fifth term. Although the Democratic Party had dominated state
16068118
Terry O'Connor (Canadian politician)


by 687 votes in Oakville. The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario won a narrow minority government in this election under Frank Miller's leadership, and was soon defeated in the legislature. In opposition, O'Connor served as his party's critic for Justice and the Attorney General. He was defeated in the 1987 election, losing to Doug Carrothers by 1,291 votes. In 1993, O'Connor was appointed a judge of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. In 1997 he was appointed as a Deputy Judge of the Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories
14040631
Mark Ritchie


The 2008 U.S. Senate race initially had a margin of 206 votes separating incumbent Republican Senator Norm Coleman and Democratic challenger Al Franken, out of almost three million votes cast. The narrow margin in this election mandated a statewide recount of all ballots. The recount was run by the nonpartisan Minnesota Canvassing Board which was chaired by Ritchie, and included Minnesota Supreme Court Chief Justice Eric Magnuson, Minnesota Supreme Court Justice G. Barry Anderson, Ramsey County District Court Chief Judge Kathleen Gearin, and Assistant Chief Judge Edward Cleary. Some conservative commentators accused
12329187
Strom Thurmond


work "to reverse the unreasonable and impractical decisions of the Supreme Court", as well as assist with the appointment of "sound judges" and uphold the Nixon administration's position for resumption of tax‐exempt status among all private schools. In April 1970, Thurmond was among a group of Senators who voted in opposition to the popular vote in presidential elections replacing the electoral college as the determining factor in the election's winner. In 1977, Thurmond explained his opposition to the change was due to his belief that using the popular vote
1070768
Zunera Ishaq


time to vote in the Oct. 19 federal election. The Justices dismissed the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration's appeal and confirmed that the federal requirement is unlawful. Madam Justice Johanne Trudel was one of three judges who denied the appeal by Jason Kenney on behalf of Department of Citizenship and Immigration of a Federal Court ruling in Ishaq’s favour. Further the judges found in Canada v Ishaq, In October 2015, the federal government under Harper asked the Supreme Court of Canada to take up the case and pleaded for the Federal Court of
1256541
Judiciary of Virginia


a constitutional officer and chief administrator of the Circuit Court. There are 32 General District Court districts, each having at least one judge, and each having a clerk of the court and a courthouse. Each district has a chief general district court judge and a chief juvenile and domestic relations district court judge elected by peer vote for a two-year term. The decisions of the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, and circuit courts are published in the "Virginia Reports", "Virginia Court of Appeals Reports", and
7696882
Edward V. Whiton


elected Circuit Court Judges. In 1852, the Wisconsin Legislature voted to create a new Supreme Court, distinct from the Circuit Courts. Later that year, Whiton was elected the first Chief Justice of that newly formed Supreme Court, defeating Democrat Charles H. Larrabee. Whiton served as Chief Justice until his death in 1859, having been re-elected in 1857. In the "Booth cases" of 1854 (Ableman v. Booth) and 1855 (In Re: Booth and Ryecraft), Whiton issued significant opinions in favor of states
12705360
William O'Neill (Ohio judge)


1980. He also graduated from Huron School of Nursing as a registered nurse. In 1996, O'Neill won a seat on the Ohio Eleventh District Court of Appeals with about 50% of the vote. He served from 1997 to 2007, when he resigned to run for Congress. In a 2004 special election to finish the term of an Ohio Supreme Court justice who resigned, O'Neill lost to Terrence O'Donnell by 21%. In 2006, O'Neill ran against O'Donnell again for a full-term on the Ohio Supreme Court. O'Neill
3107474
Nigel Bowen


was William McMahon's preferred candidate to replace William Owen on the High Court, but Anthony Mason was eventually chosen as it was feared that the Liberal Party would not be able to retain Bowen's seat at a by-election. When McMahon resigned after the 1972 election, Bowen lost the resulting leadership vote by one vote to Billy Snedden, on the fifth ballot. In 1973, Bowen was appointed as Chief Judge in Equity in the Supreme Court of New South Wales. He was appointed first Chief Judge (later Chief Justice
13122812
Politics of Zimbabwe


Bill of Rights containing extensive protection of human rights. The Bill of Rights could not be amended for the first 10 years of independence except by unanimous vote of Parliament. The Supreme Court is the highest court of order and the final court of appeal. The Chief Justice is the senior judge. Others who sit on the bench of the Supreme Court of Zimbabwe are Justice Paddington Garwe, former Judge-President of the High Court, Wilson Sandura and Vernanda Ziyambi. Luke Malaba, a former justice of the Supreme Court, was
15582246
Brian Hagedorn


Brian Hagedorn is a Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court and currently a judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals, serving in the court's Waukesha-based District II since August 1, 2015. In the April 2, 2019 Supreme Court election , Hagedorn lead Lisa Neubauer by 5,962 votes out of 1.2 million cast, a margin of about 0.5%, based on unofficial results with all precincts reporting. After a canvas increased his lead to ~6,100 votes, Neubauer conceded, confirming him the winner. A Milwaukee, Wisconsin native,
11006605
Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election


was insufficient time to appeal to the Supreme Court before the electoral college vote. However, in "Baca v. Hickenlooper" a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit declared in a footnote that any attempt to remove electors "after voting has begun" would be "unlikely in light of the text of the Twelfth Amendment." While the constitutionality of faithless electors has never been addressed by the Supreme Court, in "Ray v. Blair", the Court ruled in favor of state laws
3794906
Jeff Brown (judge)


percent). In the November 4, 2014, general election, Brown defeated the Republican-turned-Democrat Lawrence E. Meyers. Brown polled 2,772,056 votes (60.3 percent) to Meyers's 1,677,341 (36.5 percent). Another 146,511 votes (3.2 percent) went to the Libertarian Party nominee, Mark Ash. Brown won election to a full term on the Texas Supreme Court in 2018. With 4,388,052 votes (53.7 percent), he defeated Democrat Kathy Cheng, who polled 3,777,468 (46.3 percent). On March 8,
5007111
John Carro


have meaningful interaction with the young Lee Harvey Oswald. From 1965 to 1969 Carro was in private practice and was law partner with Mary Johnson Lowe, a prominent African American attorney who was later appointed a Federal Court Judge. In 1969, Carro was appointed as Judge of the Criminal Court by New York City Mayor John V. Lindsay. In 1976, Carro became an Acting Supreme Court Justice and in 1977, was officially elected to the Supreme Court. Carro was the first Puerto Rican to be elected to the Supreme Court in the
6942251
Supreme Court of Guam


in charge of the administration of the Guam Judiciary. The current justices of the Supreme Court of Guam are: The justice's full biographies can be found at the Supreme Court's website Judges of the Superior Court are appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the Legislature for a term of eight years. If they wish to continue in office, their names are placed on the ballot at a general election. They must garner at least 50 percent plus one favorable vote of the number of cast ballots to remain in
19694205
Effects of Hurricane Andrew in Florida


1992 general elections on September 1. However, Miami-Dade County was granted permission by the Supreme Court of Florida to postpone elections until September 8. Initially, a Miami-Dade County circuit judge ruled that results for all counties of Florida should remain sealed until the Miami-Dade County votes were tallied. However, the state Supreme Court overruled this decision, allowing votes from the 65 other counties to be counted on September 1. At the time, it was estimated that Miami-Dade County accounted for about 10%
8050376
Court of appeal (Norway)


, can be appealed from the courts of appeal to the Supreme Court. In criminal cases where the crime is punishable by no more than six years in prison, the court consists of three professional judges and four lay judges; all seven have equal votes in the decisions. In order to convict, five of the seven judges must vote for conviction. Even if the bench is reduced because of a recusal, the requirement for five guilty votes remains, as was the case in the trial of Atle Torbjørn Karlsvik, who was
16181374
Judiciary of Illinois


may be assigned to general or specialized divisions by the chief judge who has general administrative authority in the circuit, subject to the overall administrative authority of the Supreme Court. Some judges are elected while others are appointed. For elected offices, judges are nominated in party primaries and elected in partisan elections. The seven justices of the Supreme Court are elected from the five appellate judicial districts of the state: three justices from the First District (Cook County) and one from each of the other four districts. Each justice is elected
13298717
Lithuania


President, the Chairman of the Seimas, and the Chairman of the Supreme Court, each of whom appoint three judges. The unicameral Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas, has 141 members who are elected to four-year terms. 71 of the members of its members are elected in single member constituencies, and the others in a nationwide vote by proportional representation. A party must receive at least 5% of the national vote to be eligible for any of the 70 national seats in the Seimas. Lithuania was one of the first
17700105
Bo Callaway


judge federal panel, including future Attorney General of the United States Griffin Bell, a Democrat, and Judge Elbert Tuttle, a Republican, struck down the constitutional provision permitting the legislature to elect the governor. The judges said that a malapportioned legislature might "dilute" the votes of the candidate with a plurality of the ballots. Bell equated legislative election to the county-unit principle already struck down by the courts. The judges granted a 10-day suspension of their ruling to permit appeal to the United States Supreme Court and stipulated that
6257730
Atanda Fatai Williams


appointments. The selection of Williams in 1979 continued a tradition in which the most senior judge of the Supreme Court is selected as Chief Justice. Williams presided over the Awolowo v. Shagari case in which Chief Obafemi Awolowo's petition challenged the declaration of Shehu Shagari as the president elect of the 11 August 1979 presidential election. He ruled that " Sheu Shagari won two-third of the total votes cast, having polled a total votes of 16.8 millions with 11.9 millions votes ahead of Obafemi Awolowo who polled a total votes of 4.9 millions
18390411
List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia


Major General John Schofield (who governed Virginia as Military District No. 1 and also led efforts to allow separate votes on the proposed Constitution and anti-Confederate provisions), dismissed all three elected judges because a new federal law required removal of officials in Texas and Virginia with any record of service to the Confederacy. On June 9, Schofield appointed three Union sympathizers (whom he had previously appointed judges of lower courts, where they had performed satisfactorily) as their replacements. Those three judges served (and issued binding rulings)
18955352
History of the Connecticut Constitution


were also solidified, as the convention provided constitutional rights to vote for all males who paid taxes or had served in the militia. With the 1818 Constitution, separation of powers was finally brought to Connecticut government. An independent judiciary was approved. Both Supreme and Superior Court judges were now given life tenure to the age of seventy (this was changed to eight years in 1856). The Supreme Court of Errors was reduced to five judges, with each judge retaining a role as a Superior Court judge. Decisions of the court
16010260
David Maraga


. He took over the reins as President of the Supreme Court from Dr Willy Mutunga, who retired after the expiry of his term. He is expected to retire on 12 January 2021 upon the attainment of 70 years as stipulated in the Kenyan constitution. Chief Justice David Maraga, and three other judges made history by cancelling the 2017 presidential election because of hacking. President Kenyatta was in the lead with 54% of the vote, but opponent Raila Odinga reported the evidence of the hacking to the Supreme Court. The Chief Justice
14975664
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly


of judges of High Court and Supreme Court in the discharge of their duties. (a) Oath of Members. – After general elections, elected members in the first meeting take oath in the form set out in Third Schedule of the Constitution. Article 65 read with Article 127 states "A person elected to a House shall not sit or vote until he has made before the House oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule". Those members who have not taken oath in the first meeting take oath when they
14674677
Provincial Assembly of the Punjab


of the Constitution curtails this privilege and prohibits members from discussing conduct of judges of High Court and Supreme Court in the discharge of their duties. (a) Oath of Members. – After general elections, elected members in the first meeting take oath in the form set out in Third Schedule of the Constitution. Article 65 read with Article 127 states "A person elected to a House shall not sit or vote until he has made before the House oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule". Those members who
4885203
Brooks–Baxter War


, and insisted that Brooks had in fact received the most votes. The general citizenry of both parties, however, accepted the results. The Brooks supporters were in the minority in believing that the election had been fraudulent. The first to file suit over the election was Judge William M. Harrison, who had been on the Brooks ticket. He filed a Bill of Equity with the US Circuit Court in Little Rock, claiming he had a right to a seat on the Supreme Court due to the fraudulent election. The Brooks Campaign
9070336
Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850


election of the governor, but each office holder would be limited to one term. Constitutional provision for public education was voted down. Voting by secret ballot was rejected, perpetuating the voting vive voce aloud. The powerful Assembly-appointed Governor's Council was abolished and a popular elected Lieutenant Governor was created. Most radically, judges on the Supreme Court of Appeals, in district courts, and county justices of the peace were to be elected by the expanded electorate. Three classes of taxation were linked so that an increase in one
18201553
Roy Solfisburg


. In July 1957, the Illinois Supreme Court appointed Solfisburg to the Appellate Court, Second District; he served as that court's Presiding Judge from 1959 to 1960. In 1960 he was elected by popular vote to The Illinois Supreme Court. In the wake of Abe Fortas's resignation, the media mentioned Solfisburg as a possible replacement for Fortas on the Supreme Court of the United States. Solfisburg, however, soon resigned in circumstances similar to those that forced Fortas to resign. (Senators Everett Dirksen and Charles H. Percy both
10124075
Judiciary of California


reviewed by the JNE or elected by the county residents in nonpartisan elections. Judges of superior courts are elected within their counties for six years, judges of courts of appeal are elected within their districts for twelve years, and judges of the Supreme Court are elected at large for twelve years. Judges are always subject to reelection and retention elections. Perhaps the most well known instance of a judge not being retained was Supreme Court Chief Justice Rose Bird and Associate Justices Cruz Reynoso and Joseph Grodin in the 1986 California general election. The
20542470
Etobicoke Centre (electoral district)


constituent municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. On May 18, 2012, the Ontario Superior Court declared the 2011 federal election results for this district to be null and void. The judge ruled that 79 votes should not have been counted when the margin of victory in the riding was only 26 votes. On May 28, 2012, however, the incumbent Member of Parliament, Ted Opitz, filed an appeal with the Supreme Court of Canada. On October 25, 2012, the Supreme Court allowed Mr. Opitz's appeal and quashed the order
13815642
List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia


High Court of Chancery: The General Court: The Court of Admiralty: In December 1788, within the broad authority provided by the Constitution of 1776, the General Assembly re-organized the Supreme Court of Appeals as a separate court with five judges elected by the legislature to life terms. The General Assembly elected two incumbent judges of the High Court of Chancery and three incumbent judges of the General Court as the first judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals in their own right. While the court has remained separate ever since,
18955348
2010 North Carolina judicial election


One justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court and five judges of the North Carolina Court of Appeals were elected by North Carolina voters on November 2, 2010, on the same day as the U.S. Senate election, U.S. House elections, and other state-level elections. North Carolina judicial elections are non-partisan. Terms for seats on each court are eight years. All incumbent judges and justices who sought re-election won their respective races, except for Judge Cressie Thigpen of the Court of Appeals, who had been appointed
21361548
Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories


Majesty’s superior courts of common law, or by the Court of Chancery, or by the Court of Probate in England" as of that date. The judges of the Court sat individually as trial judges. The full court sat "en banc" to hear appeals. A further appeal lay to the Supreme Court of Canada under "The Supreme Court Act". The judges of the Supreme Court were initially non-voting members of the Legislative Council of the North-West Territories, to provide legal advice to the Council
22061368
Judiciary of Oklahoma


organized system. From the judges of the district courts, one is selected to serve as the Presiding Judge, who is responsible for the administration of their district. The Presiding Judge is answerable to the Oklahoma Supreme Court. Candidates for district judge must be a practicing lawyer or judge for the past four years and must live in the districts in which they seek election. Associate judges must have been practicing lawyers or judges for the past two years. Civil appeals are heard by the Oklahoma Supreme Court and criminal appeals are heard by
16822350
Government of Michigan


State University, and Wayne State University are chosen in general elections. The court system consists of the Michigan Supreme Court, the Michigan Court of Appeals as the intermediate appellate court, the circuit courts and district courts as the two primary trial courts, and several administrative courts and specialized courts. The Supreme Court administers all the courts. The Michigan Supreme Court consists of seven members who are elected on non-partisan ballots for staggered eight-year terms, while state appellate court judges are elected to terms of six years and vacancies
18611027
2006 Arkansas state elections


Arkansas's 2006 state elections were held November 7, 2006. Primaries were held May 23 and runoffs, if necessary, were held June 13. Arkansas elected seven constitutional officers, 17 of 35 state senate seats, all 100 house seats and 28 district prosecuting attorneys, and voted on one constitutional amendment and one referred question. Non-partisan judicial elections were held the same day as the party primaries for four Supreme Court justices, four appeals circuit court judges, and eight district court judges. Halter came in first in the
2931528
2010 Arkansas elections


Arkansas's 2010 general elections were held November 2, 2010. Primaries were held May 18, 2010 and runoffs, if necessary, were held November 23, 2010. Arkansas elected seven constitutional officers, 17 of 35 state senate seats, all 100 house seats and 28 district prosecuting attorneys, and voted on one constitutional amendment and one referred question. Non-partisan judicial elections were held the same day as the party primaries for four Supreme Court justices, four appeals circuit court judges, and eight district court judges. Incumbent Democratic
4248699
Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas


of Texas, and elected the chief justice and four district judges the next day. The four district judges covered 22 counties and were "ex officio" members of the Supreme Court. The court was to meet for one session a year, beginning on the first Monday in December, and required a majority of the judges to be present. The opinions of the court are collected in a private reporter, "Dallam's Decisions", in only one volume. The Court had a Chief Justice and originally four district judges who
16535653
Electoral Court of South Africa


chairman is judge Boissie Mbha, who is also a judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal. The two judges appointed to the Court are C Lamont and W L Wepener, both judges of the Gauteng Division of the High Court. The member is Ms Sungaree Pather, an attorney. The court has its administrative offices at the Supreme Court of Appeal in Bloemfontein but it may hear cases anywhere in South Africa. It meets only when a case is brought before it, so it is generally busy around election time but less so
16765516
John Cornyn


judge in San Antonio for six years before being elected as a Republican in 1990 to the Texas Supreme Court, on which he served for seven years. In 1998 Cornyn ran for Texas Attorney General. In the March Republican primary Railroad Commissioner Barry Williamson received 38% of the vote and Cornyn, then a state Supreme Court Justice, 32%. In the April runoff election, Cornyn defeated Williamson, 58% to 42%. In the general election Cornyn defeated former attorney general (1983–1991) and U.S. Representative Jim Mattox with
19190697
Tennessee Supreme Court


) would be elected by the people. Under this arrangement, a justice could enter office either through gubernatorial appointment (to fill a vacancy) or by winning a partisan election. Either way, the justice would have to stand for reelection during the next general state election. In 1971, a statute modified this process at the appellate level. Under a modified version of the Missouri Plan, appellate judges (including supreme court justices) would be subjected only to a "Yes/No" retention vote rather than to any challenge
553842
Pervez Musharraf


opposition groups, including Sharif's. On 28 September 2007, in a 6–3 vote, Judge Rana Bhagwandas's court removed obstacles to Musharraf's election bid. On 3 November 2007 Musharraf declared emergency rule across Pakistan. He suspended the Constitution, imposed State of Emergency, and fired the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court again. In Islamabad, troops entered the Supreme Court building, arrested the judges and kept them under detention in their homes. Troops were deployed inside state-run TV and radio stations, while independent channels went
4681591
2014 North Carolina judicial election


making him the incumbent. Ervin defeated Hunter to win his first term on the North Carolina Supreme Court by taking 52.6 percent of the vote. Associate Justice Robin E. Hudson ran for re-election to a second term. Jeanette Doran, chair of the North Carolina Division of Employment Security Board of Review; and Superior Court Judge and former Court of Appeals Judge Eric L. Levinson also ran for the seat. As this was the only statewide judicial election in 2014 with more than two candidates, a nonpartisan primary was held on May
8978581
Kizza Besigye


his campaign, Besigye, who was Museveni's strongest opponent, accused the government of widespread corruption and pushed for an end to Museveni's "Movement" system, which he said had served its purpose as an instrument in Uganda's political transition to multiparty democracy. He lost the election, which was marred by claims of widespread vote rigging, violence and coercion of voters. In March 2001 Besigye petitioned the Supreme Court to nullify the election results. A panel of five judges voted 5-0 that there had been cheating but
13112471
Larry Starcher


had business before the court, which led to him recuse himself in at least some decisions involving that company. He criticized a fellow Justice who won election with large contributions from the coal company executive and then cast deciding votes in favor of the company. The situation led to a U. S. Supreme Court case, Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co., about when judges should recuse themselves. He was President of the West Virginia Judicial Association in 1992-93. As a trial judge, he was active in the area of juvenile
8017955
Afroyim v. Rusk


claim on February 25, 1966, concluding that "in the opinion of Congress voting in a foreign political election could import 'allegiance to another country' in some measure 'inconsistent with American citizenship'" and that the question of this law's validity had been settled by the Supreme Court's 1958 "Perez" decision. Afroyim appealed the district court's ruling against him to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which upheld the lower court's reasoning and decision on May 24, 1966. Two of the three judges who
14365502
Supreme Court of Bolivia


Supreme Court of Bolivia was officially inaugurated on July 16, 1827. The Supreme Court of Bolivia was composed of 12 ministers (judges) who served 10-year terms after election by the National Congress. In 1827, Manuel María Urcullo became the first President of the Supreme Court of Bolivia. He was joined by Ministers (Judges) Mariano Guzmán, Juan de la Cruz Monje y Ortega, and Casimiro Olañeta. The following individuals were among the 56 ministers that served as the court's president: The court was superseded in January 2012
6454883
Election Commission of India


Amendment Act, 1989" superseded the earlier the commission; it continues in operation.. Decisions by the commission are by at least a majority vote. The Chief Election Commissioner and the two Election Commissioners who are usually retired IAS officers draw salaries and allowances as per with those of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India as per the "Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (Conditions of Service) Rules, 1992". The commission secretariat is based in New Delhi which includes the Election Commissioners, Deputy Election Commissioners (usually
20945363
People's Supreme Court of Cuba


The People's Supreme Court "(Tribunal Supremo Popular)" is the highest body of judicial power in Cuba. It is elected by, and accountable to, the National Assembly of People's Power. The judiciary are independent from the executive branch, as all judges on every level are elected by the National Assembly; the provincial judges by provincial assemblies and the municipal judges by municipal assemblies. The current court dates to 1973 and replaced the earlier Supreme Court of Cuba c. 1898. The People's Supreme Court comprises a president
11522308