who is credited as the first person to write a programming language
Concordia Language Villages


day. The credit villagers are in the immersion program and take part in "doing" foreign language, but unlike many of the 2 week programs, these villagers will also focus on reading and writing. Credit villagers still get to participate in many of the fun activities such as evening programs, sports, arts and crafts and other unique offerings in each village. Concordia Language Villages has offered a 10-day, 4-credit graduate level course for teachers in second languages and immersion, along with various adult programs to serve its diverse audience,
19892562
WGA screenwriting credit system


that a "story by" credit may be given to a person who simply has the story "idea" for a film or television program. That is never the case since all writing credits are for actual writing. A written story document or treatment or, in some cases, a complete script is required to receive "Story by" credit. Writers may be accorded a "Story by" credit only if, for example, a subsequent writer does a "page one rewrite" that entitles them to sole "Screenplay
4615737
Bambara Wikipedia


he first encountered the Bambara language. Souren wrote in a report to an open source conference a Geekcorps Mali volunteer had created a side project where a person who wrote for the Wikipedia received $1 U.S. per article. Souren went to Bamako and met people at a community center. He paid each person willing to write an article $1 U.S. The authors had no internet connections and no Wikipedia usernames. They wrote articles in Microsoft Word and gave the files to Souren. Souren uploaded each article and credited the authors. Souren wrote
7552356
CLU (programming language)


direct assignment of return values "except when" other conditions apply. Exceptions that are neither caught nor resignaled explicitly are immediately converted into a special failure exception that typically terminates the program. CLU is often credited as being the first language with type-safe variant types, called "oneofs", before the language ML had them. A final distinctive feature in CLU is parallel assignment (multiple assignment), where more than one variable can appear on the left hand side of an assignment operator. For instance, writing codice_5 would
7745276
National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology


200 databases. The objectives of the Language Center provides a modernized, multifunctional and individualized environment for language learning. The Language Center offers a non-credited Chinese language program for students wishing to improve their Chinese. The course emphasizes pronunciation, communication skills for daily situations, and simple writing. The Language Center provides courses for many foreign languages, such as Japanese, German, French, Spanish, and Korean. The university fosters students' ability to think independently and to lead and work in teams. It encourages students to set
13615065
Shivers (video game)


undiscovered parts of the museum can continue to add to the player's score. The game was programmed in SCI-32, the proprietary game engine/programming language by Sierra. A challenge faced by the team was the steep learning curves, as many were inexperienced in 3d modeling or adventure game design, and it was the first time the SCI language was used for a 1st-person adventure video game. Roberta Williams served as creative consultant, which was during the time she was working on "Phantasmagoria". Designer Marcia Bales credited
2719376
Electronic Life


Electronic Life is a 1983 non-fiction book by Michael Crichton, an author better known for his novels. Crichton owned several computers, and wrote articles, and computer programs in the programming language BASIC, for "Creative Computing" magazine. He was inspired to write "Electronic Life" because so many of his friends would call him asking for advice on computers. The book was intended to introduce the idea of personal computers to a reader who might be faced with them at work or at home for the first time.
2924408
Benet Academy


, [[German language|German]], and [[Latin language|Latin]] are offered as foreign languages. Every summer since 1997, an English teacher has offered a one-week summer course in writing and photography. The school offers neither [[Vocational education|vocational]] nor [[Remedial education|remedial]] courses. College credit is available through participation in 11 [[Advanced Placement]] courses; the Program for Advanced College Credit (PACC) offered through [[St. Mary's University of Minnesota]],
11310518
James Baldwin


government in 1986. Baldwin was also a cousin and close friend of Nobel Prize-winning novelist Toni Morrison. Upon his death, Morrison wrote a eulogy for Baldwin that appeared in "The New York Times". In the eulogy, entitled "Life in His Language," Morrison credits Baldwin as being her literary inspiration and the person who showed her the true potential of writing. She writes: On December 1, 1987, Baldwin died from stomach cancer in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France. He was
10354309
Mega Man (video game)


who composed the music, created the sound effects, and programmed the data in three months, using a sound driver programmed by Yoshihiro Sakaguchi (credited as "Yuukichan's Papa"). The musical notes were translated one by one into the computer language. Matsumae was challenged by the creative limits of three notes available at any one time, and when she was unable to write songs, she created the sound effects. When the game was localized for distribution in America, Capcom changed the title of the game from "Rockman
10831016
BioJava


used by only an individual or small group, it is hard to beat Perl and BioPerl. These constraints probably cover the needs of 90 per cent of personal bioinformatics programming. For beginners, and for writing larger programs in the Bio domain, especially those to be shared and supported by others, Python’s clarity and brevity make it very attractive. For those who might be leaning towards a career in bioinformatics and who want to learn only one language, Java has the widest general programming support, very good support in the Bio
10053752
Lane Community College


careers. Green career programs at Lane include watershed science, water conservation, energy management, renewable energy and sustainability. English as a second language non-credit courses are offered in listening, speaking, reading and writing. Adult basic skills classes target students who have not earned high school diplomas with preparation for the test of General Education Development (GED). Other non-credit courses include topics for lifelong learning, including some career classes, health and safety courses, as well as business development classes, employee training and professional
17247666
Code Hero


commented publicly about the state of this project since 2013. From May 2015 the website was again inactive, however it resurfaced in August 2016. The main aim of "Code Hero" is to teach players how to write programming languages in an engaging way. Players use a gun which can copy code and place it in other areas of the level in order to create a full program in a language such as JavaScript and UnityScript whilst moving around a 3D world from a first-person perspective. Players start in a world called
18276417
Assembly language


Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) had an assembler (named "initial orders") integrated into its bootstrap program. It used one-letter mnemonics developed by David Wheeler, who is credited by the IEEE Computer Society as the creator of the first "assembler." Reports on the EDSAC introduced the term "assembly" for the process of combining fields into an instruction word. SOAP (Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program) was an assembly language for the IBM 650 computer written by Stan Poley in 1955. Assembly languages eliminate much of the
1341529
Composition studies


write business letters or annual reports will differ significantly from those required to write historical or scientific research or personal memoirs. Doctoral programs in Composition Studies are available at more than seventy universities and Masters's programs are available in over 170 universities. Such programs are commonly housed within English Studies or Education programs. However, recently there are an increasing number of departments specifically dedicated to this field of study (e.g. Composition Studies, Writing & Rhetoric, Composition & Linguistics, etc.). Second language writing is the practice of teaching English
2202065
Scholarship tax credit


Scholarship tax credit programs of the United States of America, also called tax credit scholarship, education tax credit or tuition tax credit programs, are a form of school choice that allows individuals or corporations to receive a tax credit from state taxes against donations made to non-profit organizations that grant private school scholarships. At the start of the 2014–2015 school year, fourteen states had scholarship tax credit programs. The first scholarship tax credit program was Arizona's Personal Tax Credits for School Tuition Organizations program, which has been in operation since
14135319
KRL (programming language)


KRL is a knowledge representation language, developed by Daniel G. Bobrow and Terry Winograd while at Xerox PARC and Stanford University, respectively. It is a frame-based language. KRL was an attempt to produce a language which was nice to read and write for the engineers who had to write programs in it, processed like human memory, so you could have realistic AI programs, had an underlying semantics which was firmly grounded like logic languages, all in one, all in one language. And I think it - again,
17518545
Modula


The Modula programming language is a descendant of the Pascal programming language. It was developed in Switzerland in the 1970s by Niklaus Wirth, the same person who designed Pascal. The main innovation of Modula over Pascal is a module system, used for grouping sets of related declarations into program units; hence the name "Modula". The language is defined in a report by Wirth called "Modula. A language for modular multiprogramming" published 1976. Modula was first implemented by Niklaus Wirth himself on a PDP-11. Very soon other implementations
738981
Programming language reference


A programming language reference (or language reference manual) is an artifact that describes a programming language so that users and developers can understand the basic elements of and write computer programs in the target language. A programming language reference manual is one form of documentation that is associated with most mainstream programming languages. A reference manual is ordinarily separate and distinct from a programming language specification, which is usually more detailed and intended for use by implementors of the language itself, rather than those who simply use the language to accomplish some processing task
17639128
Jonathan Llyr


Jonathan Llyr (born 1966) is a Canadian actor and TV personality. Llyr (sometimes credited as Jonathan Bryn Llyr) is best known for his work as an on-air personality for Space, Canada's science fiction specialty channel. He first appeared on that network in 1998 on its late-night movie interstitial program, "SpaceBar", as the alien barfly and ultimate "Star Trek" fan, Grot. During the show's final year, Llyr also assumed writing duties, after fellow cast member and head writer
722043
Natural-language programming


a top-down method of writing software. Its stages are as follows: A natural-language program is a precise formal description of some procedure that its author created. It is human readable and it can also be read by a suitable software agent. For example, a web page in an NLP format can be read by a software personal assistant agent to a person and she or he can ask the agent to execute some sentences, i.e. carry out some task or answer a question. There is a "reader agent
17814097
Ken LaZebnik


College, a low residency program based in Hollywood. He is also the author of the 2014 book "Hollywood Digs: An Archeology of Shadows", a collection of essays about personal encounters with Hollywood history. LaZebnik has an extensive career writing for film and television. For eight years he wrote for "Touched By An Angel", an American supernatural drama series distributed by CBS. He is also credited with writing three specials for the PBS "In Concert at the White House" series. Additional television credits include being a
5556320
Multilingualism


bilingual instruction perform better academically (Collier, 1992; Ramirez, 1992). These students exhibit more cognitive elasticity including a better ability to analyse abstract visual patterns. Students who receive bidirectional bilingual instruction where equal proficiency in both languages is required perform at an even higher level. Examples of such programs include international and multi-national education schools. A multilingual person is someone who can communicate in more than one language, either actively (through speaking, writing, or signing) or passively (through listening, reading, or perceiving
17940203
Dartmouth College


language, and completion of a writing class and first-year seminar in writing. Many departments offer honors programs requiring students seeking that distinction to engage in "independent, sustained work," culminating in the production of a thesis. In addition to the courses offered in Hanover, Dartmouth offers 57 different off-campus programs, including Foreign Study Programs, Language Study Abroad programs, and Exchange Programs. Through the Graduate Studies program, Dartmouth grants doctorate and master's degrees in 19 Arts & Sciences graduate programs. Although the first
8379288
Urusei Yatsura


series such as "Ah! My Goddess" and "Video Girl Ai". Fred Patten writing in "Watching Anime, Reading Manga: 25 Years of Essays and Reviews" credits the series with being the first program to inspire translations from fans. Patten later credits the series for introducing the phenomenon of using anime to advertise pop songs, claiming it was a deliberate decision by Kitty Films. Writing further about the series for website "Cartoon Research", Patten notes that the series was aimed at adults who could buy their
21414608
Borough of Manhattan Community College


11,000 students who complete non-credit bearing and certificate programs in allied health, information technology and media arts, career training and personal development, English as a Second Language and other areas. Another 10,000 students are enrolled in distance education programs. BMCC has a faculty of nearly 1,000 full-time and adjunct professors. Borough of Manhattan Community College is in the heart of the TriBeCa neighbourhood and occasionally hosts the Tribeca Film Festival's ceremonies and films. The four main campuses rest between New York City Hall and the Financial District near
20472864
Scripting language


users of a program—end-user development—or may be only for internal use by developers, so they can write portions of the program in the scripting language. Scripting languages typically use abstraction, a form of information hiding, to spare users the details of internal variable types, data storage, and memory management. Scripts are often created or modified by the person executing them, but they are also often distributed, such as when large portions of games are written in a scripting language. Early mainframe computers (in
11954028
Invariant-based programming


to a powerful formal proof system, will generally be required for full verification of non-trivial programs. In this case a high degree of automation of proofs is also possible. In most existing programming languages the main organizing structures are control flow blocks such as for loops, while loops and if statements. Such languages may not be ideal for invariants-first programming, since they force the programmer to make decisions about control flow before writing the invariants. Furthermore, most programming languages do not have good support for writing specifications and
17601029
Master of Laws


some programs are conducted in more than one language, give the students the opportunity to undertake classes in differing languages. LL.M. programs are usually only open to those students who have first obtained a degree in law, typically an LL.B. or J.D. There are exceptions to this, but an undergraduate degree or extensive experience in a related field is still required. Full-time LL.M. programs usually last one year and vary in their graduation requirements. Most programs require or allow students to write a thesis. Some programs are research oriented with little
10690201
Passive fluency


Passive fluency is where a person can fluently read and audibly understand a language whilst not having the ability to fluently speak or write the language. Passive fluency is often brought about by being raised in one language (which becomes the person's passive language) and being schooled in another language (which becomes the person's native language). People who are passively fluent in a language are often latent speakers who were raised in an environment where the language was spoken but did not become native speakers. A more common term for this
19562131
Dennis Ritchie


The C Programming Language"; he was the 'R' in "K&R" (a common reference to the book's authors Kernighan and Ritchie). Ritchie worked together with Ken Thompson, who is credited with writing the original version of Unix; one of Ritchie's most important contributions to Unix was its porting to different machines and platforms. They were so influential on Research Unix that Doug McIlroy later wrote, "The names of Ritchie and Thompson may safely be assumed to be attached to almost everything not otherwise attributed.
8221177
NSCAD University


lecture courses in fine arts, media arts, craft and design. The School also manages the 30-credit Visual Arts Certificate for Teachers program, the 30-credit Visual Arts Certificate in Studio and the pre-university summer study credit program. Credit programs have admission requirements. Noncredit programs have no admission requirements although prerequisites must be met for some courses. Adult Programs The adult studio-based and audit lecture courses are available to individuals who are 16 years or older. These courses are designed to meet personal and professional development interests and to prepare
21980798
Minami Kizuki


as the closing theme for NHK's overseas music program from December 2014 to March 2015. People in 30 countries shared their ideas and feelings about peace. Their messages inspired Minami Kizuki to write this song in her native Amami dialect (Amami Ōshima language). Her first writing of a lyric(in Japanese) was an Irish folk song called “Londonderry Air (Danny Boy)”, which was included in her first album “Kana-Itoshikihitoyo(to sweet persons)” She conducts a live tour called “Uta-Ashibi(Uta means songs.
3734468
Utah dual language immersion


award them with concurrent upper-division university credit, leaving students only two credits shy of a minor in their immersion language by the time they arrive at the university. Seven of Utah's universities are involved in this Bridge Program. It began first with the University of Utah, but has expanded to include Brigham Young University, Utah State University, Weber State University, Utah Valley University, Southern Utah University, and Dixie State University. The school districts that offer this dual language immersion program, covering 163 schools statewide, include
11058318
Reno-Sparks Indian Colony


paperwork to the federal government. Bowler did not believe all the signatures were authentic as many Colony members who could not write, had someone else sign his or her name. Bowler returned the petition with instructions to have persons who could not write, make a cross or a thumbprint, but that action had to be witnessed by two other persons. Most often charters enabled tribes to get credit which would assist the Indians with economic development. Bowler did not think the RSIC could get credit because it had no agricultural resources. However
1705324
German School of Connecticut


Credit for Private World Language Courses As of July 1, 2008, Connecticut students studying World languages in community schools such as the German School of Connecticut are eligible to receive high school foreign language credit for their studies. This is a real benefit to the students, who put in many hours of study to master speaking, writing, listening and reading skills, as well as cultural information. Students Learn for Their Future Many students and graduates of German School of Connecticut realize the advantage of studying one of Europe's leading languages:
16065046
Global Legal Skills Conference


The Global Legal Skills Conference Series is a resource for law professors, ESL professionals, and other who teach international legal skills and legal writing to persons who speak English as a Second Language. The GLS Conference Series also includes award presentations to recognize outstanding contributions to the field of international legal skills education. The first Global Legal Skills conference was held in 2005 at The John Marshall Law School in Chicago, a specialized conference connecting legal writing professionals who had an interest in teaching international students and lawyers who spoke English as a second language
5015078
History of programming languages


the 1940s, the first recognizably modern electrically powered computers were created. The limited speed and memory capacity forced programmers to write hand tuned assembly language programs. It was eventually realized that programming in assembly language required a great deal of intellectual effort. An early proposal for a high-level programming language was Plankalkül, developed by Konrad Zuse for his Z1 computer between 1943 and 1945 but not implemented at the time. The first functioning programming languages designed to communicate instructions to a computer were written in the early 1950s. John Mauchly's
19815454
People-first language


most common alternative to person-first language is usually called identity-first language, as it places the identifying condition before the personal term. For example, while someone who prefers person-first language might ask to be called a "person with autism", someone who prefers identity-first language would ask to be called an "autistic person". Others have proposed "person-centered language", which, instead of being a replacement linguistic rule, promotes prioritizing the preferences of those who are being referred to and
5954558
Aesopian language


Aesopian language is communications that convey an innocent meaning to outsiders but hold a concealed meaning to informed members of a conspiracy or underground movement. For instance, if Person X is known for exposing secrets in an organization, the organization leaders announce that "any members who have dirty talking habits will be dealt with" to warn Person X. It refers to the ancient Greek fabulist Aesop. The term "Aesopian language" was first used by the nineteenth-century Russian writer Mikhail Saltykov-Schedrin to describe the writing technique he began using
5152117
Personal carbon credits


Personal carbon credits are carbon credits created and owned by individuals who reduce their green house gas (GHG) emissions by a real and verifiable amount. Individuals cause GHG emissions from a variety of direct and indirect activities including transportation use, electrical use and home heating and cooling. Verifiable reductions in GHG emissions are aggregated into 1 metric ton increments and they become personal Carbon Credits. Traditional carbon credits are purchased by GHG emitters to offset the difference between their actual emissions and their allowable limit under a cap and trade type GHG reduction program
14745359
Subroutine


in a Harvard symposium in January of 1947 entitled 'Preparation of Problems for EDVAC-type Machines'.. Maurice Wilkes, David Wheeler, and Stanley Gill are generally credited with the formal invention of this concept, which they termed a "closed subroutine", contrasted with an "open subroutine" or macro. Subroutines are a powerful programming tool, and the syntax of many programming languages includes support for writing and using them. Judicious use of subroutines (for example, through the structured programming approach) will often substantially reduce the
19220619
Aphasia


the 19th century, aphasia was a major focus for scientists and philosophers who were working in the beginning stages of the field of psychology. In medical research, speechlessness was described as an incorrect prognosis, and there was no assumption that underlying language complications existed. Broca and his colleagues were some of the first to write about aphasia, but Wernicke was the first credited to have written extensively about aphasia being a disorder that contained comprehension difficulties. Despite claims of who reported on aphasia first, it was F.J. Gall that gave the first
1847403
Constructed language


vanish. Proponents claim a particular language makes it easier to express and understand concepts in one area, and more difficult in others. An example can be taken from the way various programming languages make it easier to write certain kinds of programs and harder to write others. Another reason cited for using a constructed language is the telescope rule, which claims that it takes less time to first learn a simple constructed language and then a natural language, than to learn only a natural language. Thus, if someone wants to learn English
8514192
List of educational programming languages


An educational programming language is a programming language that is designed mostly as an instrument for learning, and less as a tool for writing programs to perform work. Many educational programming languages position themselves inside a learning path, that is, a sequence of languages each designed to build on the others moving a student from easy to understand and entertaining environments to full professional environments. Some of the better known are presented below. Originally, machine code was the first and only way to program computers. Assembly language was the next type of
1678990
Refal


Refal ("[of] Recursive functions' algorithmic language") "is functional programming language oriented toward symbolic computations", including "string processing, language translation, [and] artificial intelligence". It is one of the oldest members of this family, first conceived of in 1966 as a theoretical tool, with the first implementation appearing in 1968. Refal was intended to combine mathematical simplicity with practicality for writing large and sophisticated programs. One of the first functional programming languages to do so, and unlike Lisp of its
3183101
Dialogue journal


first and second language acquisition settings. Practice with critical thinking in exploring their own worlds and the worlds of others, with the words that they have at their disposal, results in students experiencing personal empowerment and expressing a personal voice—the unique expression of the self that seems like hearing that particular person speak in their writing. Critical pedagogy in dialogue journal writing creates contexts for students to think critically, often in collaboration with the teacher, and develop communicative language abilities as well as critical understanding and awareness of the language and the
12816243
Teaching English as a second or foreign language


(unless a person already has substantial experience and a degree in a closely related field). People interested in pursuing a career as an English language teacher should invest in credit-bearing programs that result in a university recognized certificate or degree program (MA/TESOL, MA/Applied Linguistics) particularly if one wants to work in higher education. Because of the confusing certification situation, employers now generally look for a certificate that reflects at least 100 hours of instruction in order to determine if the candidate has sufficient preparation to begin
19999037
Programming language


the person who wrote it. Using natural language as an example, it may not be possible to assign a meaning to a grammatically correct sentence or the sentence may be false: The following C language fragment is syntactically correct, but performs operations that are not semantically defined (the operation codice_4 has no meaning for a value having a complex type and codice_5 is not defined because the value of codice_6 is the null pointer): If the type declaration on the first line were omitted, the program would trigger an error on undefined
3274506
Bellevue College


-credit certificates) in computing and technology, business and workplace skills, music, and personal enrichment, and specializes in developing and delivering customized onsite training programs for workers at various companies throughout the region. Bellevue College also offers Adult Basic Education, GED preparation, English for non-native speakers, worker retraining, courses to improve reading, writing, grammar and math skills, and programs geared for high school students, including Running Start. As an open-access institution, Bellevue College admits all persons, provided they are
19907281
Yong In University


each semester to awarded students. Exchange Student Program Exchange students can choose among English, Japanese and Chinese-speaking countries. They are selected based on their language proficiency and are given chances to study abroad either in March/April for the first semester and September/October in the second semester. Early graduation This is a system to confer an undergraduate degree to outstanding students who have acquired credits required for graduation within six to seven semesters. Credit Exchange with Open Cyber University (OCU) The student can acquire maximum six credits per
8819348
University of Scranton


the general education requirements are 6 credits in science courses, 6 credits in writing intensive courses, 6 credits in cultural diversity courses, 3 credits in a mathematics course, 12 credits in humanities courses and 3 credits in physical education. The honors program, first created in 1963 by Academic Vice President Fr. William Kelly, S.J., stresses independent work and individualized engagement with faculty. The program gives students the opportunity to pursue their research interests through one-on-one tutorials with professors and culminating in a year-long thesis
1796345
Appalachian School of Law


: Torts (4 credits), Contracts (6 credits), Property (6 credits), Civil Procedure (5 credits), Criminal Law (3 credits) and Legal Process (6 credits). Legal Process teaches students legal research and writing. First-year students also take an orientation course to the community service program in the first semester and an additional legal research course in the second semester. First-year students may not take any electives. Additionally, all first-year students are required to complete a
10772991
Milk and Honey (poetry collection)


. This collection uses evocative and accessible language. Kaur jumps between first- and second-person pronouns. She breaks conventional rules of traditional poetry, as she chose to honor her mother tongue Punjabi. She writes with lower-case letters, creating grammar and punctuation 'mistakes'. Her style is direct, which enables the reader to develop a relationship with the author. Rupi Kaur's poetry was described as easy and simple. She is credited with changing people's views of poetry, because "she tells it how it is
17551439
Greek language question


the first person ever to write in demotic prose, ignoring the Ionian writers from Manousos and Konemenos onwards; "... in his desire to be totally original he failed to give due credit to the work of the post-Solomos writers from the Ionian Islands, whom he no doubt felt to be rivals." (Mackridge 2009 pp. 224–5) This may be connected with his exclusion of any Ionian influence from his version of demotic. Psycharis divided the world into allies and enemies, with nothing in between, and he could
378140
Ada (programming language)


ISO/IEC 8652:2012. Ada was originally designed by a team led by French computer scientist Jean Ichbiah of CII Honeywell Bull under contract to the United States Department of Defense (DoD) from 1977 to 1983 to supersede over 450 programming languages used by the DoD at that time. Ada was named after Ada Lovelace (1815–1852), who has been credited as the first computer programmer. Ada was originally targeted at embedded and real-time systems. The Ada 95 revision, designed by S. Tucker Taft of Intermetrics between 1992 and
1252182
China Institute


service credit courses for teachers, and China Institute was soon recognized as the nation's first and largest school of Chinese studies of its kind. For over 80 years, China Institute's School of Chinese Studies has taught thousands of students, both children and adults, to speak, read and write Chinese and has provided courses and workshops to the general public on Chinese culture, history, art, literature and language teaching; brought hundreds of students and educators to China for tours and study programs; and created curriculum guides and books
18218549
Lego Mindstorms NXT


. More complicated programs and sound files can be downloaded using a USB port or wirelessly using Bluetooth. Files can also be copied between two NXT bricks wirelessly, and some mobile phones can be used as a remote control. Up to three NXT bricks can communicate simultaneously via Bluetooth when user created programs are run. The retail version of the kit includes software for writing programs that run on Windows and Mac OS personal computers. The software is based on National Instruments LabVIEW and provides a visual programming language for writing simple programs and downloading
17132892
XPL0


XPL0 is a computer programming language that is essentially a cross between Pascal and C. It was created in 1976 by Peter J. R. Boyle who wanted a high-level language for his microcomputer and wanted something more sophisticated than BASIC, which was the dominant language for personal computers at the time. XPL0 is based on PL/0, an example compiler in the book "Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs" by Niklaus Wirth. The first XPL0 compiler was written in ALGOL. It generated instructions for a pseudo-machine that was implemented as
10690920
Colorado Mountain College


, personal financing, yoga, social media skills, or learn to crochet. High school students in CMC districts can earn college credits from Colorado Mountain College before graduating high school through the Colorado Concurrent Enrollment Programs Act (CEPA). One can take dual college and high school credits in commonly required classes as English, math, speech, foreign language, computer science and psychology. The College-Level Examination Program® (CLEP) at Colorado Mountain College, also gives students of any age the opportunity to demonstrate college-level
18009590
Northwestern University School of Professional Studies


students, high school students, and individuals seeking professional development or personal enrichment can choose from over 300 course offerings during the summer, including intensive language and science sequences, where a full year of credit can be earned, or a three-day summer institute. SPS also oversees the Northwestern University College Preparation Program. This summer program for high school students offers three, six, and nine-week options as part of Northwestern’s Summer Session. Students can choose from over 350 undergraduate courses and can earn college credit for the
7240192
Plain language


Plain language is writing designed to ensure the reader understands as quickly, easily, and completely as possible. Plain language strives to be easy to read, understand, and use. It avoids verbose, convoluted language and jargon. In many countries, laws mandate that public agencies use plain language to increase access to programs and services. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities includes plain language as one of the "modes, means and formats of communication". Most literacy and communications scholars agree that plain language
5646714
Scripting language


the 1950s) were non-interactive, instead using batch processing. IBM's Job Control Language (JCL) is the archetype of languages used to control batch processing. The first interactive shells were developed in the 1960s to enable remote operation of the first time-sharing systems, and these used shell scripts, which controlled running computer programs within a computer program, the shell. Calvin Mooers in his TRAC language is generally credited with inventing "command substitution", the ability to embed commands in scripts that when interpreted insert a
11954029
Wes Graham


by similar teaching compilers, like WATBOL, for teaching COBOL, and WATIAC for teaching the principles of assembly language programming. Graham is credited with convincing leading computer manufacturers that it was in their interests to donate equipment to the University, because Waterloo students would then write valuable software for those computers that would make the manufacturers` products more valuable. A total of $35 million CAD in donated equipment is credited to Graham. Graham, some of his colleagues, and students and former students of theirs, formed the University spin-
1768865
Kennett High School (Pennsylvania)


(English as a Second Language) programs are in place for Spanish-speaking immigrants. There are no Honors level I languages. There are no regular level II–IV languages, only Honors level or AP. Students may begin their study of a world language in eighth grade. Students must take at least 2 years (or earn 2 credits) of a foreign language in order to graduate. Students whose first language is one other than English are eligible for support services through the ESL program. A language skills assessment will
9300591
Claremont Secondary School


a variety of special academic programs, including: study/work programs in Quebec and France; a vibrant literary and creative writing environment; foreign languages with a focus on French and Spanish; Advanced Placement courses in sciences, liberal arts, and mathematics; and post secondary credit courses in accounting, criminology, and secondary school apprenticeships; and specialty and performing arts (see below). The school offers several Programs of Choice (POC) for students: The IGS offers a project-based curriculum focusing on environmental and humanitarian challenges
9503968
Dictation (exercise)


Dictation is the transcription of spoken text: one person who is "dictating" speaks and another who is "taking dictation" writes down the words as they are spoken. Among speakers of several languages, dictation is used as a test of language skill, similar to spelling bees in the English-speaking world. Secondary to teaching language skills, the exercise of dictation has also been used to introduce students to literary works, and to instill morals. The first known written use of the word was in 1581. It derives
19683077
Waddell Language Academy


K-8. In the 2012-13 school year, 891 students were enrolled in the elementary program (K-5) and 420 in the middle school (6-8). Waddell Language Academy offers students the opportunity to become fluent and literate in a second language through second language immersion instruction in Chinese, German, French, and Japanese. From the first days in kindergarten, students are immersed in the new language. This produces students who are proficient in listening, speaking, reading, and writing in a second language. These
21365107
SignWriting


to write Italian Sign Language. In SignWriting, a combination of iconic symbols for handshapes, orientation, body locations, facial expressions, contacts, and movement are used to represent words in sign language. Since SignWriting, as a featural script, represents the actual physical formation of signs rather than their meaning, no phonemic or semantic analysis of a language is required to write it. A person who has learned the system can "feel out" an unfamiliar sign in the same way an English speaking person can "sound out"
10211606
Pictogram


public toilets, or places such as airports and train stations. Because they are a concise way to communicate a concept to people who speak many different languages, pictograms have also been used extensively at the Olympics since 1964 Summer Olympics, and are redesigned for each set of games. Pictographic writing as a modernist poetic technique is credited to Ezra Pound, though French surrealists accurately credit the Pacific Northwest American Indians of Alaska who introduced writing, via totem poles, to North America. Contemporary artist Xu Bing created Book from the Ground,
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WGA screenwriting credit system


In the United States, writing credit for motion pictures and television programs written under the jurisdiction of the Writers Guild of America, East (WGAE) and the Writers Guild of America, West (WGAW) is determined by the Writers Guild of America (WGA), which is composed of members of the WGAE and the WGAW. Since 1941, the WGA has been the final arbiter of who receives credit for writing a theatrical, television or new media motion picture written under the WGA's jurisdiction. A production company that signs
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Low-level programming language


details that the programmer must remember. By comparison, a high-level programming language isolates execution semantics of a computer architecture from the specification of the program, which simplifies development. Low-level programming languages are sometimes divided into two categories: "first generation" and "second generation". Machine code is the only language a computer can process directly without a previous transformation. Currently, programmers almost never write programs directly in machine code, because it requires attention to numerous details that a high-level language handles automatically.
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Official Languages and Bilingualism Institute


as a second language. Approximately 250 students per year enrolled in these non-credits courses in the 1980s, the majority of students in the ESL program being Libyans and Algerians. Since then, the program has expanded considerably, and now includes a number of non-credit intensive ESL and FLS programs and teacher-training programs for a variety of different groups with different needs, both within Canada and abroad. Around 1,000 participants each year come from all over the world. Intensive Language Programs: OLBI's research centre, the
8351721
Critical Language Scholarship Program


, color, religion, national origin, gender, age, or disability in choosing awardees. The equivalent of 1 year of college-level language study entails but is not limited to: 1 summer of intensive language study, 2 semesters of study (audited or for credit), or 1 year of private tutoring. A typical academic year is 9 months (36 weeks). A typical language course is 3–5 hours per week or 108–180 hours per academic year of language instruction. Applicants who have completed the CLS Program may
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Marie Battiste


Scotia. She credits her doctoral dissertation as one of the many starting points interest in revitalizing the native language saying that a conversation with her advisor about the multiple writing systems of the Mi'kmaq language inspired her to research the histories of these writing systems. There are three different methods for writing with two still in use the first and most commonly used is the Pacifique system and the second and more controversial method being the Francis-Smith system. According to Battiste the Francis-Smith system of writing comes with more controversy for many reasons
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Flight of the Phoenix (2004 film)


?" Co-writer Edward Burns was personally asked by Tom Rothman, who at the time was the president of Fox and had discovered Burns when he bought "The Brothers McMullen" as Fox Searchlight's first acquisition, to rewrite the film's dialogue. Burns said, "I probably did three drafts of it, and that was it. I never met Scott (Scott Frank, the other credited co-writer)." This is the only film Burns has writing credit on that he did not also direct.
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Cherokee language


for the enhancement of revitalization programs. The language retains about 1,500 to 2,100 Cherokee speakers,but an average of 8 fluent speakers die each month, and only a handful of people under 40 years of age are fluent as of 2019. In 1986, the literacy rate for first language speakers was 15–20% who could read and 5% who could write, according to the 1986 Cherokee Heritage Center. A 2005 survey determined that the Eastern band had 460 fluent speakers. Ten years later, the number was believed to be 200
3457808
Metaprogramming


1980s and enabled applications that could process code. They were frequently used for artificial intelligence applications. Metaprogramming enables developers to write programs and develop code that falls under the generic programming paradigm. Having the programming language itself as a first-class data type (as in Lisp, Prolog, SNOBOL, or Rebol) is also very useful; this is known as "homoiconicity". Generic programming invokes a metaprogramming facility within a language by allowing one to write code without the concern of specifying data types since they can be supplied as
13481101
HAGGIS


of the curriculum, so students who have never previously seen the language should be able to read it. These aspects, along with an attempt to conform as far as possible with the evolved pseudocode style, directed the specification of the language. So, while HAGGIS is in fact a programming language (even although, in general, not all HAGGIS programs are executable), it is not intended as a language in which to write programs. These concepts are more fully explained in an academic paper. HAGGIS was commissioned by the
21248594
Colossal Cave Adventure


the "Adventure-writing kit". This stripped-down version had space for 50 rooms and 15 objects and was designed to allow the aspiring coder to modify the game and thus personalize it. The game's code was published in April 1982. Dave Platt's influential 550-point version (released in 1984) was innovative in a number of ways. It broke away from coding the game directly in a programming language such as FORTRAN or C. Instead, Platt developed A-code – a language for adventure programming – and wrote
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Jovan Došenović


humble beginnings among best products of Serbian literature of that time, and in literary discussions (via letters sent to friends) he mentioned Došenović’s name several times. Jovan Došenović’s poems can be divided by origin, subject and form. In the first case, he used to translate more than to write on his own. His literary-historical significance is that he appears as the first person who was familiar with someone else's art and poetry, and is the first person who started translating poems from other languages. Only
4843019
Dual language


TWI is consistent in programs where less common languages are maintained as well. For example, an eight-year study of the Navajo/English two-way bilingual program at the Rough Rock Community School in northeastern Arizona confirms that those students who received thorough instruction in their native language as well as the target language encountered more success in school than their peers in English-only programs (McCarty, 2000). Such students too showed progress in both languages in their writing abilities on local and national measures (McCarty, 2000)
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Chapel (programming language)


current programming languages do and by improving the separation between algorithmic expression and data structure implementation details. The language designers aspire for Chapel to bridge the gap between current HPC programming practitioners, who they describe as Fortran, C or C++ users writing procedural code using technologies like OpenMP and MPI on one side, and newly graduating computer programmers who tend to prefer Java, Python or Matlab with only some of them having experience with C++ or C. Chapel should offer the productivity advances offered by the latter suite of languages while not alienating the users
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Intentional programming


normalized language for popular languages like C++ and Java, while letting users of the environment mix and match these with ideas from Eiffel and other languages. Often mentioned in the same context as language-oriented programming via domain-specific languages, and aspect-oriented programming, IP purports to provide some breakthroughs in generative programming. These techniques allow developers to extend the language environment to capture domain-specific constructs without investing in writing a full compiler and editor for any new languages. A Java program that writes out the numbers from 1
4879629
TYPO3


in German-speaking countries. TYPO3 is credited to be highly flexible, as code and content are operated separately. It can be extended by new functions without writing any program code. Also, the software is available in more than 50 languages and has a built-in localization system, therefore supports publishing content in multiple languages. Due to its features like editorial workplace and workflow, advanced frontend editing, scalability and maturity, TYPO3 is used to build and manage websites of different types and size ranges, from small sites for
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XL (programming language)


XL ("eXtensible Language") is the first and so far the only computer programming language designed to support concept programming. XL features programmer-reconfigurable syntax and semantics. Compiler "plug-ins" can be used to add new features to the language. A base set of plug-ins implements a relatively standard imperative language. Programmers can write their own plug-ins to implement application-specific notations, such as symbolic differentiation, which can then be used as readily as built-in language features. XL is
3460198
Linguistics


that the structure of a particular language is capable of influencing the cognitive patterns through which a person shapes his or her world view. Universalists believe that there are commonalities between human perception as there is in the human capacity for language, while relativists believe that this varies from language to language and person to person. While the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis is an elaboration of this idea expressed through the writings of American linguists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf, it was Sapir's student Harry Hoijer who termed it thus. The 20th century
20071172
Manorama Jafa


and many research papers to her credit. She writes in Hindi and English and her stories have been translated into many languages such as Japanese, Dutch, Italian and Spanish. From her first book, "Donkey on the Bridge", Jafa writes in simple language, mostly in text and pictures format. Jafa writes for adults as well, such as her book "Devika", which has more political overtones. Apart from the regular books she has written, Manorama Jafa's contributions to the cause of Children's literature have
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Mixed transcortical aphasia


in the language-dominant, left hemisphere of the brain. Aphasia is any disorder of language that causes the patient to have the inability to communicate, whether it is through writing, speaking, or sign language. Mixed transcortical aphasia is characterized by severe speaking and comprehension impairment, but with preserved repetition. People who suffer mixed transcortical aphasia struggle greatly to produce propositional language or to understand what is being said to them, yet they can repeat long, complex utterances or finish a song once they hear the first part. Persons
17500082
Bill Whittle


, 2019 and the second aired on July 15, 2019. In December 2002, Whittle started his first blog, Eject! Eject! Eject!, writing personal narratives and long format essays which discussed current events and political philosophy. He was inspired to start writing following the death of his father earlier that year. He soon developed friendships with fellow bloggers Frank J. Fleming, James Lileks, and P.J. O'Rourke who praised his unique writing style. Whittle has credited O'Rourke, in particular, for "bringing me home to conservatism"
10696940
WGA screenwriting credit system


the WGA Theatrical and Television Basic Agreement ("MBA") must comply with the WGA rules on writing credits. The system affects reputation, union membership, and income. It affects reputation since some sources list only WGAE or WGAW determined writing credits. John Howard Lawson, the first president of the Screen Writers Guild (the WGAW's former name) said, "A writer's name is his most cherished possession. It is his creative personality, the symbol of the whole body of his ideas and experience." The
4615722
Glencliff High School


42 different nationalities and 26 languages represented in its student population. It has four academies — the Freshman Academy, the Academy of Medical Science and Research (AMSR), the Ford Academy of Business and Innovation (FABI), and the Hands on Nashville Academy for Environmental and Urban Planning (HONEUP). Students are taught skills in courses like webpage design, engineering and medical terminology. They can participate in the dual-credit program with National State Community College to earn credits in personal finance, medical terminology and agricultural science.
15448000
That's Not My Penguin


's fourth writing credit, with the last episode he wrote being "Kate Is Enough". The episode was Valdivia's first writing credit on the series and Winant's first directing credit. The episode is rated TV-14 on television in the United States. The episode featured guest performances from Billy Lush, who was cast as Gabriel Wyath, Matt Riedy, who was cast as the SWAT Commander Hamilton, John Christopher Storey, who was cast as the Tech, and Daniela Bobadilla, who is cast as Emma, Rex's girlfriend
3901164
Rick and Morty (season 3)


that the name of the writer that appeared in the opening credits of an episode is usually that of the person who had been assigned to prepare the episode's outline. Sarah Carbiener, one of the new female writers, said that she managed to learn many things from her experience as a member of the writing team. She explained that a story that for other shows would have been an entire episode, for "Rick and Morty" it will be only its first few minutes. Therefore, the team had to write a
15505289
Artistic language


, for self-expression, as an exercise in understanding linguistic principles, or perhaps as an attempt to create a language with an extreme phonemic inventory or system of verbs. Personal languages tend to have short lifespans, and are often displayed on the Internet and discussed on message boards much like Internet-based fictional languages. They are often invented in large numbers by the people who design these languages. However, a few personal languages are used extensively and long-term by their creators (e.g., for writing diaries).
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Programming language specification


in terms of a test suite involves writing a number of example programs in the language, and then describing how those programs ought to behave — perhaps by writing down their correct outputs. The programs, plus their outputs, are called the "test suite" of the language. Any correct language implementation must then produce exactly the correct outputs on the test suite programs. The chief advantage of this approach to semantic description is that it is easy to determine whether a language implementation passes a test suite. The user can simply execute
13289046
Subtext (programming language)


Subtext is a moderately visual programming language and environment, for writing application software. It is an experimental, research attempt to develop a new programming model, called Example Centric Programming, by treating copied blocks as first class prototypes, for program structure. It uses live text, similar to what occurs in spreadsheets as users update cells, for frequent feedback. It is intended to eventually be developed enough to become a practical language for daily use. It is planned to be open software; the license is not yet determined. Subtext
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Graduate science education in the United States


with Candidate of Sciences, an academic degree that has been used in certain countries in place of a PhD. Some programs also include a Master of Philosophy degree as part of the PhD program. The MPhil, in those universities that offer it, is usually awarded after the appropriate MA or MS (as above) is awarded, and the degree candidate has completed all further requirements for the PhD degree (which may include additional language requirements, course credits, teaching experiences, and comprehensive exams) aside from the writing and defense of
18931627
Television program creator


A television program creator is typically the person who pitches a new TV show idea and sees it through. There are numerous notable television program creators; this article includes a list of many of them. Often, the creator is the writer of the pilot episode, or a director, or a producer. Sometimes it is a writer of the series' "bible", or writers' guidelines. In the United States, a Writers Guild of America (WGA) screenwriting credit system governs credits. For example, the Writers
4483200
Asunción Christian Academy


earn 28 Carnegie Credits to graduate. It is run by a Board of Trustees. The school offers a Spanish language program which is recognized by the Paraguayan Ministry of Education. The Spanish program is based on Social Science Baccalaureate and is embedded within the Curriculum. The program includes Spanish language and grammar, Guaraní (Paraguay's second official language), and Paraguayan history and geography. All credits go to the Paraguayan MEC Diploma. Asunción Christian Academy believes that the best education to prepare a student for adult life is an education based
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