when did cell phones become available to the public
Etiquette in technology


may seem a distraction for many individuals. When in public there are two times when one uses a phone. The first is when someone is alone and the other is when he/she is in a group. The main issue for most people is when they are in a group, and the cell phone becomes a distraction or a barrier for successful socialization among family and friends. In the past few years, society has become less tolerant of cell phone use in public areas for example, public transportation, restaurants and much
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Phone surveillance


a parent may become a "text spy" in order to monitor a child's texting activity. This brings in the moral, ethical and legal question of who owns people's privacy. According to a 1998 American Management Association report, 43% of companies actually tap phone conversations and review computer files and emails of employees. No newer data is available on the number of phone surveillance carried out currently. Phone surveillance in now more commonly carried out on cell phones. This has become increasingly easy with the availability of cell phone
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Solar cell phone charger


also public solar chargers for mobile phones which can be installed permanently in public places such as streets, park and squares. One such is the Strawberry Tree public solar charger. One cell phone model was reported in 2010 to have a built in solar charger. Solar chargers are commercially available for cellphones. Solar cell phone chargers come in different shapes and configurations including folding (Goal Zero, Endless Sun Solar) and types that unfold like petals (Solio). They also come in the form of straps, with solar cells on
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Reverse telephone directory


Act" 9/2004). However, opposition led by leading consumer-protection organization Consumers Union presented several privacy concerns in their congressional testimony. Right now, cell phone numbers are not available in any public 411 or reverse-number directories. However, several information companies provide reverse cell phone lookups that are obtained from utility resources, and are available online. Because there is no central database of cell phone numbers, reverse phone directories that claim to be free cannot return information on those numbers. In recent years community web based
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People v. Diaz


of the cell phone occurred some time after the phone was confiscated, and that the precedents cited by the Court did not apply to the cell phone as a "container." Werdegar argued that at the time when "Robinson" and "Edwards" were decided, the Supreme Court did not have enough information about cell phones to establish a precedent for their search. "Containers" mentioned in the cases, such as clothing or a cigarette carton, are not analogous to the cell phone – which could potentially contain wealth of
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Reverse telephone directory


stands there is no legal way to ensure a particular number is not listed in the directories currently available. In United States, landline phone subscribers can pay a small fee to exclude their number from the directory. This service is usually called "Your Listing Not Published" and the cost ranges between $0.80 and $1.50 per month for residential customers. As cellular phones become more popular, there has been debate about releasing cell phone numbers into public 411 and reverse number directories. (S. 1963, the "Wireless 411 Privacy
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Solar cell phone charger


Solar cell phone chargers use solar panels to charge cell phone batteries. They can be used when no electricity supply is available—either mains or, for example, a vehicle battery—and are sometimes suggested as a way to charge phones without consuming mains electricity, unlike electrical cell phone chargers. Some can also be used as a conventional charger by plugging into an electrical outlet. Some chargers have an internal rechargeable battery which is charged in sunlight and then used to charge a phone; others charge the phone directly. There are
20387771
Orelhão


de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. Actual public payphones only appeared on Brazilian streets in mid-1971, when more than 93 million people were living in the country and mobile phones had not been created yet. The first cell phone would only be released two years later, being available to very few people. Out of the almost 100 million inhabitants of Brazil, 52 million lived in urban areas, according to IBGE data. In many places, due to the noise, listening and being heard from a public phone installed in the middle of
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Electronic Communications Privacy Act


ECPA. Governments can actually track cell phones in real time without a search warrant under ECPA by analyzing information as to antennae being contacted by cell phones, as long as the cell phone is used in public where visual surveillance is available. In "Robbins v. Lower Merion School District" (2010), also known as "WebcamGate", the plaintiffs charged that two suburban Philadelphia high schools violated ECPA by remotely activating the webcams embedded in school-issued laptops and monitoring the students at home. The schools admitted to secretly snapping
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Mobile phone signal


their own country, though mobile phone companies can program their billing systems to re-rate these as domestic usage when it occurs on a foreign cell site that is known to frequently cause such issues for their customers. The volume of network traffic can also cause calls to be blocked or dropped due to a disaster or other mass call event which overloads the number of available radio channels in an area, or the number of telephone circuits connecting to and from the general public switched telephone network. Areas where mobile phones cannot transmit
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Mobile phones and driving safety


leading cause of distracted driving is cell phones. In 2015, six hundred and sixty thousand drivers in the United States were estimated to use cell phones each day, while driving behind the wheel during daylight hours. Cell phone use while driving has become a leading cause of vehicle crashes over the last two decades. Using a cell phone while driving increases the driver's risk of causing a crash. Drivers are distracted, decreasing the driver's awareness on the road, leading to more car crashes. When drivers talk on cell phones
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Mobile phone use in schools


, or parents with language barriers. One disadvantage to cell phone usage in schools is that not all students and parents have this technology available to them. This can cause a socioeconomic gap between students who have cell phones and computers and those who do not. Another problem is that the ease of sharing of information can lead to academic dishonesty. Colleges and universities, in particular, have had many issues with academic dishonesty by digital sharing of tests and other sensitive materials. As a result, these institutions are becoming more strict with
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History of mobile phones


from the public telephone system. This system was available to the public for a subscription of £16 month. A year later the service was extended to two other UK towns. West Germany had a network called A-Netz launched in 1952 as the country's first public commercial mobile phone network. In 1972 this was displaced by B-Netz which connected calls automatically. In December 1947, Douglas H. Ring and W. Rae Young, Bell Labs engineers, proposed hexagonal cells for mobile phones in vehicles. At this stage,
3956384
David Margolese


that it would "be used for much more" than just phone calls. When cell phones became widely available, it paid big dividends for Margolese. His company joined with Rogers Communications to form Cantel (a contraction of the name Canadian Telecom). Cantel would ultimately become Rogers Wireless, as of 2012 the largest cellular company in Canada, with over 9.3 million subscribers and revenues over $7 billion. Margolese cashed out of the company in 1989 to found his next venture. Following a brief, unsuccessful stint in Israel struggling
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Cell site


typically due to the ability to send a good signal from the phone to the mast. The base station controller (a central computer that specializes in making phone connections) and the intelligence of the cellphone keeps track of and allows the phone to switch from one mast to the next during conversation. As the user moves towards a mast it picks the strongest signal and releases the mast from which the signal has become weaker; that channel on that mast becomes available to another user. Cellular geolocation is less precise than by GPS,
18673092
Rawalakot


are VOK FM 105.6 (Bagh) and VOK FM 105.4 (Muzaffarabad). Cell phone services are also available in this region. They include major cell phone operators: Zong, Mobilink, Ufone, Warid Pakistan, Telenor and SCOM. PTCL Wireless telephone service is also available here. Wateen Telecom installed a fiber optic link connecting Rawalakot to Pakistan, backhauling cell phone traffic to the network in Pakistan. SCO-the local phone company is operated by . This telecom provider is responsible to provide landline telephone network with minority shares of
5691417
Robert Whitman


station WBAI. NEWS was performed later in Houston, Minneapolis, and other cities over a two- or three-year period. A later performance in Leeds, England in 2002, utilized cell phones, and the calls were broadcast in real time on large speakers in a public square in the town. A recording of the performance was made available by the sponsor, Lumens, at Ubuweb. In the summer of 2005, Whitman presented "Local Report", a video cell phone project. Whitman has received many awards: Guggenheim
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Etiquette in technology


, has mandated a total ban of mobile phones on its tram and bus network in 2008 (though texting and emailing is still allowed). Nancy J. Friedman has spoken widely about landline and cell phone etiquette. When critically assessing the family structure, it is important to examine the parent/child negotiations which occur in the household, in relation to the increased use of cell phones. Teenagers use their cell phones as a way to negotiate spatial boundaries with their parents (Williams 2005:316). This includes extending curfews in the public
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BellSouth


of BellSouth's revenue. This joint venture continued after SBC purchased the old AT&T and rebranded as AT&T Inc. Continued increase of broadband penetration and applications in the consumer market was a key strategy to the company. These activities were being funded in part by the sale of Latin America operations. BellSouth became the first "Baby Bell" that did not operate pay telephones. By 2003, BellSouth's payphone operation was discontinued because it had become too unprofitable, most likely due to the increased availability of cell phones. Cincinnati Bell has taken
19255105
Camp Marmal


, DVDs, local cell phones and electronics. Cell phones and DVDs are no longer allowed to be sold at the bazaar per the German military. This also includes cameras and MP3 players, or anything else that can store data. The Norwegian PX has basic cell phones for sale between 40 and 60 Euros. Cell phone SIM cards and topup cards for Roshan and Etislat are still available for sale at the bazaar and the Norwegian PX. Etislat has the best cell phone signal in the base area and most of RC North.
8292396
The Fire (The Office)


school at night, Michael becomes enamored of his newfound protégé. Dwight becomes noticeably jealous of Ryan's favor with Michael, and he is seen sulking in his car to the tune "Everybody Hurts" by R.E.M. When Michael mentions that he left his cell phone in the office, Dwight rushes back into the building to fetch it. Michael asks Ryan to call his cell phone to help Dwight find it. The phone rings, which happens to be in Michael's pocket. Dwight emerges, coughing, from the building and reveals
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Phone connector (audio)


, and in particular those used in World War II aircraft. These have become rare. It is physically possible to use a normal plug in a short socket, but a short plug will neither lock into a normal socket nor complete the tip circuit. Less commonly used sizes, both diameters and lengths, are also available from some manufacturers, and are used when it is desired to restrict the availability of matching connectors, such as 0.210 inch inside diameter jacks for fire safety communication jacks in public buildings. US military phone connectors
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Economy of Andhra Pradesh


is minimal. The latest available statistics (as in 2001) show that there were 3003 Telephone exchanges, 3140948 telephone connections, 118 telegraph offices (excluding extension counters, telecom centres, and combined offices) and 78218 public telephones. As at December 2003, it is estimated that there are 1550,000 cell phone subscribers in the State. The State has a share of 7% in All India cell phone subscribers. Tentative estimates reveal that the total exports from AP during the year 2003–04 were to the tune of 15,306 crore. The
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Mobile phone


to stem the increase in drivers ignoring the law. Japan prohibits all mobile phone use while driving, including use of hands-free devices. New Zealand has banned hand-held cell phone use since 1 November 2009. Many states in the United States have banned texting on cell phones while driving. Illinois became the 17th American state to enforce this law. , 30 states had banned texting while driving, with Kentucky becoming the most recent addition on 15 July. Public Health Law Research maintains a list of distracted driving laws in
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Mobile phone radiation and health


other frequencies in this same frequency range. Radio waves decrease rapidly in intensity by the inverse square of distance as they spread out from a transmitting antenna. So the cell phone transmitter, which is held close to the user's face when talking, is a much greater source of human exposure than the cell tower transmitter, which is typically at least hundreds of meters away from the public on a cell tower. A user can reduce their exposure by using a headset and keeping the cell phone itself further away from their body.
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The Oregon Trail (series)


Tombstone pizza television commercial from the 1990s. The game resurfaced in 2008 when Gameloft created an updated version for cell phones. A new release for the iPhone and iPod Touch is also available from Gameloft. The game went live in the iTunes App Store on March 11, 2009. On January 7, 2010, the Palm webOS version was released to the Palm App Catalog. On November 11, 2010, an Xbox Live version was released on Windows Phone 7. The cell phone version of the game is similar to the original
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Bicycle lighting


bottle-shaped battery or hub dynamos, and lead-acid batteries 9 volt: Sometimes supplied by a PP3 battery 12 volt: Mostly supplied by sealed lead-acid batteries. The main advantage with this voltage is versatility of the electric system, such as the ability to charge a cell phone battery with a cigar lighter receptacle as cell phones are now becoming increasingly ubiquitous among users, though 5 volt USB is also used for that purpose too. It also allows electric air compressors to inflate tires. Some 12-volt dynamos are available
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Mobile phone use in schools


were implemented to ban cell phone usage in schools. This ban not only helped students score higher on exams but also reduced the students' temptations to use cell phones for non-scholarly purposes. Secondary schools are introducing new, strict laws on mobile phones where students under sixteen years of age will have to their phones away for the entire day after scientific evidence has demonstrated that students become more sociable, alert and active in the school environment without them. Students place their phones inside a registered locker when they arrive at school and
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Amish life in the modern world


allows the Amish to control their communication, and not have telephone calls invade their homes, but also to conduct business, as needed. In the past, the use of public pay phones in town for such calls was more common; today, with dwindling availability of pay phones because of increased cell phone use by the non-Amish population, Amish communities are seeing an increase in the private phone shanties. Many Amish, particularly those who run businesses, use voicemail service. The Amish will also use trusted "English"
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Form factor (mobile phones)


flipped open, the phone's screen and keyboard are available. When flipped shut, the phone becomes much smaller and more portable than when it is opened for use. Motorola was once owner of a trademark for the term "flip phone", but the term "flip phone" has become genericized and used more frequently than "clamshell" in colloquial speech. Motorola was the manufacturer of the famed StarTAC flip phone in the 1990s, as well as the RAZR in the mid-2000s. There were also flip "down" phones
18212365
Locked in Time


says the story's setting, an isolated house "where people were not being exposed to the everyday life that teenagers know now" meant she did not have to make as many updates to the story. One change made in the updated edition was giving her characters cell phones, which presented a problem because it would mean characters could just call for help. To explain away the cell phone, Duncan wrote in the story that Nore's cell phone died when Gabe tried to drown Nore in the river. A 2011 audiobook,
7779655
Problematic smartphone use


the topic of depression in this day and age. A survey done by a group of independent opticians reviled that 43% of people under the age of 25 experienced anxiety or even irritation when they were not able to access their phone whenever they wanted. This survey shows the psychological effect that cell phones have on people, specifically young people. Checking a cell phone has become a normal daily event for many people over the years just as getting dressed in the morning is, people don't feel right when they don't do
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Independent digital media in Cuba


accused her of being money-hungry. The editors of yoani$landia are believed to be Cuban government officials. Physically printing independent magazines is illegal, punishable by three months to one year in prison. The law currently does not extend to web-based publications, so several web-based magazines are available in PDF format, online or offline (see below). Mobile phone use is becoming more common in Cuba, with an estimated 3.3 million Cuban users. This gives citizens access to email via the standard cell signal provided by
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Reverse geocoding


on the predetermined range. Alternatively, coordinates for reverse geocoding can also be selected on an interactive map, or extracted from static maps by georeferencing them in a GIS with predefined spatial layers to determine the coordinates of a displayed point. Many of the same limitations of geocoding are similar with reverse geocoding. Public reverse geocoding services are becoming increasingly available through APIs and other web services as well as mobile phone applications. These services require manual input of a coordinate, capture from a localization tool (mostly GPS, but also cell tower
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Caught in the Web


Caught in the Web () is a 2012 Chinese drama film directed by Chen Kaige. In September 2012 it screened as a special presentation at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was selected as the Chinese entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist. Set in Hangzhou, in modern-day China, a young woman becomes embroiled in controversy after a cell phone video of her being disrespectful on a public bus to an elderly person goes viral.
2606265
Prisons in Ukraine


journalists made a lot of public claims to the effect that changes have been introduced, in defiance of the actual state of things. The convicts are still approaching Kharkiv human rights group asking whether they can use the cell phones in the correctional facilities. The human rights activist Ye.Zakrevska made an apt comment to the effect that “the cell phones will not become scarce in the prisons. For certain fees they will be given to the inmates so that these latter could use them with silent and paid-for approval of the
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Japanese literature


such as multivolume high-school histories of Japan and, for the adult market, a manga introduction to economics, and pornography. Manga represented between 20 and 30 percent of annual publications at the end of the 1980s, in sales of some ¥400 billion per year. Cell phone novels appeared in the early 21st century. Written by and for cell phone users, the novels—typically romances read by young women—have become very popular both online and in print. Some, such as "Love Sky", have
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Nokia 6650 fold


Unusually, this telephone was not available from Nokia in the UK or Europe as a stand-alone purchase, and it was unable to be purchased from any cell phone vendor. It was only available from T-mobile - a T-mobile exclusive handset - and it had to be obtained on a contract basis. Also unusually, it has a 2-year warranty as opposed to the usual 12-months. In North America it appears to be available from other cell phone providers,- AT&T, and appears to be available in colours other than
5183529
Mayerthorpe tragedy


property. The cell phone records also showed that Roszko phoned Hennessey's place of employment in Barrhead, and then made several calls to a "bag phone" which Hennessey had by virtue of his employment. Roszko also made several calls to Hennessey's residence. When information about the cell phone calls became public a year later, in 2006, Hennessey tearfully denied to a reporter for the Globe and Mail that he knew anything about the events, or why Roszko was calling him. Media accounts suggest that the RCMP conducted an extensive
9263087
Mobile phone recycling


and relies on high volume to become profitable. The economic value of recycled cell phones is split into two categories; refurbished units that are resold to end users and phones that have no value to retail consumers that are recycled for their precious metals. The University of California Santa Barbara published a study in 2010 on the subject called, "Economics of Cell Phone Reuse and Recycling" that states the value of reused and recycled cell phones. In 2006, according to the study the average cost for U.S. cell phone refurbishers ReCellular,
323381
Face-to-face interaction


When it comes to communication and understanding one another fully 93% is non-verbal, and body language and 7% is written. (Tardanico) According to research studies show that there is an estimated total of over 300 million cell phones users in the United States. (Lopez-Rosenfeld) Owning a cell phone becomes a distraction in everyday life whether if you get a phone call, text message, e-mail, etc. Any alert, in general, is a distraction because of the settings that you can
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Mobile phone use in schools


lectures. During the experiment, students who were not allowed access to a cell phone tested better than those who had access to cell phones. Despite the numerous drawbacks that come with the use of cell phones in classrooms, there are benefits to having them available in a school setting. In 2017, Dr. James Derounian conducted a study involving a hundred participants at the University of Gloucestershire. His study revealed that 45% of students believe that the use of phones in classrooms supports their education. One of the most commonly mentioned ways
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PATCO Speedline


were vulnerable to damage from magnetic sources such as cell phones and PDAs that did not exist when the system was put in place, and the equipment to read and code the farecards began to suffer from extreme reliability problems as well as replacement part availability. In July 2006, PATCO announced that it would start the transition from a magnetic ticket fare system to an electronic smart card system. Magnetic tickets are still sold, for the occasional riders, however they are now in a paper form. The new computer vending machines allow more
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Virgin Mobile USA


services via the Sprint 1900 MHz CDMA network. In 2009, Sprint Nextel bought out joint venture partner Virgin Group, becoming the sole owner of Virgin Mobile USA. In June 2017, Virgin Mobile USA released a statement that they would become the first iPhone-only carrier in the United States. Several models of the iPhone are currently available to customers. As of late 2018, they have gone back to offering Android phones, but did not make this information widely available. They currently promote their Android phone options as well.
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Digital Revolution


. By the late 1980s, many businesses were dependent on computers and digital technology. Motorola created the first mobile phone, Motorola DynaTac, in 1983. However, this device used analog communication - digital cell phones were not sold commercially until 1991 when the 2G network started to be opened in Finland to accommodate the unexpected demand for cell phones that was becoming apparent in the late 1980s. Compute! magazine predicted that CD-ROM would be the centerpiece of the revolution, with multiple household devices reading the discs. The first
8937951
Henry Lai (scientist)


the DNA in the brain cells of the rats was damaged—or broken by exposure to the radiation. Lai has stated that cell phones were not subject of concern when he performed the initial studies. Funded initially by the Office of Naval Research, Lai was investigating how radar, which emits radio-frequency radiation, affects the health of operators. “We did not really pay attention to the importance of this thing,” he recalls. But during his research, cell phone company Motorola Inc. indicated that someone had told the
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Buddha Box


stopped construction of a problematic viaduct, and wrote a hit single about cultural appropriation. Realizing that they missed all this because they were on their cell phones, PC Principal and Strong Woman hold a community meeting where they tell members of the public to stop using Buddha Boxes and reduce their cell phone use. When the two administrators see that everyone is wearing Buddha Boxes and is ignoring them, they realize that they are free to take their children out and spend time with them in public, as a proper family, without anyone
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Audience response


and RF equipment). Cell phone-based systems are also becoming available. The oldest of these technologies, IR audience response systems are better suited for smaller groups. IR uses the same technology as a TV remote, and is therefore the only one of the four technologies that requires line-of-sight between the keypad and receiver. This works well for a single keypad but can fail due to interference when signals from multiple keypads arrive simultaneously at the receiver. IR systems are typically more affordable than RF systems, but
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U-TDOA


a network-based location technology, it does not require the mobile phone to have any special chip, hardware, or software in it. As a result, it can locate any type of mobile phone. Since U-TDOA requires physical access to the cellular network's cell towers (base transceiver stations or BTS), it is only available to the owner of the sensor network, which is typically the carrier. Therefore, the solution is generally not available when roaming. U-TDOA is uniquely suited for mission-
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History of smart antennas


. AST was acquired by Raytheon in 2011. In 1947 Douglas H. Ring wrote a Bell Laboratories internal memorandum describing a new way to increase the capacity of metropolitan radio networks. Ring proposed dividing a city into geographic cells, using low power transmitters with omnidirectional antennas, and reusing frequencies in non-adjacent cells. Ring’s cellular radio scheme did not become practical until the arrival of integrated circuits in the 1970s. As the number of mobile phone subscribers grew in the 1980s and 1990s researchers investigated new ways to increase mobile phone network
9712035
Frequency agility


signal to see, making detection on radar warning receivers extremely difficult. Modern radars like the F-35's AN/APG-81 use thousands of broadcaster/receiver modules, one for each antenna element. The reason that several cell phones can be used at the same time in the same location is due to the use of frequency hopping. When the user wishes to place a call, the cell phone uses a negotiation process to find unused frequencies among the many that are available within its operational area. This allows users to join and leave
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Area code 314


proliferation of cell phones, fax machines and pagers in the St. Louis core. The supply of numbers was further limited because the St. Louis LATA extends across much of the southern portion of Illinois, meaning several numbers that were part of Illinois' 618 weren't available for use. As a result, 314 was reduced to its current size on May 22, 1999, when area code 636 was assigned to St. Louis' outer western suburbs. Before the introduction of number portability, 314 was used for all cell phones on the
18414064
Dead Man's Cell Phone


other. He confesses that he loves her just as Gordon's cellphone rings. Jean answers it and tells the person on the other end that Gordon is dead. Dwight becomes increasingly frustrated as Jean ignores his pleas for her to hang up. When Jean finally hangs up Dwight tries to forbid her from using the phone anymore. Jean becomes angry and refuses. When the phone rings again she answers to hear Hermia who is calling because she's drunk at a bar and needs a ride home. At the bar, Jean asks
22003459
Eastern Boys


discovered by Boss while trying to find the locker. He is muscled back up to their floor, where Boss assaults Rouslan, smashes his cell phone, and has the other boys tie him up — leaving him restrained in a private storage room. Daniel becomes worried when he can't reach Rouslan by his cell phone, and drives out to the hotel. When the concierge is unable to confirm Rouslan's whereabouts, Daniel takes a room, at her suggestion, on the second floor, where the immigrants are housed. As
16351236
Cell phone novel


in short installments and run on handsets as Java-based mobile applications in three different formats: WMLD, JAVA and TXT. Maho i-Land is the largest Japanese cell phone novel site that carries more than a million titles, mainly novice writers, all which are available for free. Maho iLand provides templates for blogs and homepages. It is visited 3.5 billion times each month. In 2007, 98 cell phone novels were published into books. "Koizora" is a popular phone novel with approximately 12 million views on-
2531692
Mobile panic


pictures become exposed of individuals on public humiliating media spaces. Phones, social media, email, and internet browsers all have examples of recording or saving personal information. Benefits of narrowed and specific advertising for business catered to customers. Rising issue and concern of the access companies have to phones, search history, and overall personal mobile media. Panic and growing concerns around surveillance of mobile media continue to spread. The emphasis in research points to youth stemming back from the 1990s exposure to cell phones, social media, phone gaming,
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Google ATAP


– in some cases, even while the device is operating. Optional modules include cameras, speakers, large data storage, and medical sensors. Since users can update individual modules when better technology becomes available, Project Ara provides a hedge against cyclical obsolescence. It also reduces the purchase price of a low-end cell phone, by creating the option of buying only the most basic features. This may support the spread of technology in economically-disadvantaged areas. The official Project Ara website specifies a targeted manufacturing cost for an entry
8594453
Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W220)


replaced by the Mercedes-Benz/Motorola Timeport. Later, Mercedes-Benz offered the Motorola V60 as the car phone. The "Timeport" phone with a voice control system was offered as an option on the Mercedes-Benz S-Class. The Timeport phone was similar to a Motorola Startac. In 2000, Mercedes and telecommunications and electronics company Motorola announced they would offer the Timeport cell phone system on all models in the year 2001. The Timeport cell-phone was a jointly developed and became available on all of
1273157
Mobile phones and driving safety


types and largely influenced by a large number of questions on the urban roads. A 2004 simulation study that compared passenger and cell-phone conversations concluded that the driver performs better when conversing with a passenger because the traffic and driving task become part of the conversation. Drivers holding conversations on cell phones were four times more likely to miss the highway exit than those with passengers, and drivers conversing with passengers showed no statistically significant difference from lone drivers in the simulator. A study led by Andrew Parkes at the Transport Research Laboratory,
11981070
Leonardo Fariña


moved millions,” he “could owe 500 to 1000 pesos to several friends.” Fariña opened a consulting firm named Andrómeda, but other businessmen suspected the legality of his operations, noting that Andrómeda did not have a landline phone or a corporate e-mail address. The only contact information available for the firm consisted of Fariña's own cell phone and his e-mail address at gmail.com. In late 2010, Fariña approached businessmen and Kirchner intimate Carlos Molinari, head of the firm Rei Fiduciaria, with the idea of
11245090
List of Doctor Who items


, 2,500 fans tried to dial the number. In "Journey's End", Wilfred mentions that he has received a phone call from Donna, presumably by means of her superphone. There are at least two superphones available for use in the Eleventh Doctor's TARDIS; Amy Pond's phone and a flip phone sometimes used by the Doctor. Delaware used Amy Pond's cell phone to receive a call from the Doctor's flip phone in 1969, before cell networks existed, indicating that both phones must have been upgraded by the
419975
Apple Pay


included how others could make purchases on another's behalf and how dead cell phones could leave the owner stranded. In a 2018 publication released by "Consumer Reports", Apple Pay was the leading payment service. Apple announced that more than 1 million credit cards had been registered on Apple Pay in the first 3 days of its availability, making it the largest mobile payment system in the US at the time. There were 220,000 participating vendors when it launched. Outside the United States and the United Kingdom, Apple Pay can be
19312703
Mobile phone radiation and health


and interfering with a nearby cell using the same frequencies. Cell phones are limited to a equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) radiated power output of 3 watts, and the network continuously adjusts the phone transmitter to the lowest power consistent with good signal quality, reducing it to as low as one milliwatt when near the cell tower. Cell phone tower channel transmitters usually have an EIRP power output of around 50 watts. Even when it is not being used, unless it is turned off, a cell phone periodically emits radio signals
7982469
Acura TL


hands-free usage of one's cell phone (provided the phone also supports Bluetooth and is compatible with the HFL's hands-free profile). In Canada, the HFL feature was not available on the base model (standard with A-Spec, Technology, and Navigation packages), though the 2005 model year saw HFL becoming standard in all Canadian models. With the built-in XM Radio tuner, owners can elect to pay a monthly subscription after the complimentary 3 months subscription expires from Acura for XM radio,
16404703
Concert etiquette


and videos. While this is frowned upon by some fans, cell phone use is fairly commonplace at concerts. Several artists, such as Björk, Prince, Neutral Milk Hotel, and Jack White have begun to specifically request that audience members not use their cell phones during the show. Jazz music is performed in many different settings and venues throughout the world. When jazz is performed in public places such as outdoor jazz festivals and indoor jazz clubs, quiet conversation is usually considered acceptable. When attending a jazz performance in an indoor
2501014
Interphone study


. The study's results, published in 2010, indicated that mobile phone use did not increase the risk of tumors among most cell phone users, with the possible exception of an increased risk among the 10% of users who used their cell phones the most. In the Interphone study, the top 10% of users used their phones 30 minutes/day. Some users reported using their cell phones 5 hours per day, but this was considered implausible at the time of the study. The median usage was less than 2.5
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2010 Portland car bomb plot


six 55-gallon drums with what appeared to be real detonation cords and plastic caps. Mohamud tried to detonate the bomb by dialing a cell phone that was attached to it. When the device failed to explode, the undercover agent suggested he get out of the car to obtain better reception. When he did so he was arrested. Because the FBI ensured that the device had no explosive components—even the detonating caps were inert—the public was never in any danger. According to an affidavit, Mohamud told the agents, "
11762944
Oldsmobile Bravada


only in 4-door, 5-passenger configuration. Another refreshening occurred in 1998. The "Smart Trak" system now featured the computer controlled NP-136 transfer case, which works more like a traction control. The Bravada was now run RWD in normal operations and only when wheel slip is detected does the "Smart Trak" kick into AWD. A revised interior including dual airbags, heated seats, and a new front fascia which included the new Aurora inspired Oldsmobile logo. OnStar was available in 1999 as a cell phone unit, later becoming integrated
17503723
Area codes 410, 443, and 667


Area codes 410, 443, and 667 are telephone area codes serving the eastern half of the U.S. state of Maryland, including the Baltimore metropolitan area and the Eastern Shore. The 410 area code is the main area code, while the 443 and 667 codes are overlay codes. 443 and 667 were primarily used with cell phones and CLEC carriers such as Comcast or Cavalier Telephone when introduced but have since become universal in their carrier availability. Before these area codes were created, all of Maryland had been served by 301 since the
2458350
Seth Goldman


the Metro Traffic & Weather channel. And in 2004, Goldman became one of the first hires at the newly created NBC Mobile, a cell phone TV service that is available on most of the national cell phones companies. He later became the NBC Mobile Entertainment Reporter. In 2006, Goldman was the first entertainment reporter assigned to cover the Oscars specifically for the cell phone. Since then, he has appeared on the red carpet at other major award shows and has interviewed some of the biggest stars in the entertainment world. "
10010873
Fuel cell


of fuel cell systems offer a distinct advantage the current costs are not in their favor. while a battery system will generally cost around $1.20 per Wh, fuel cell systems cost around $5 per Wh, putting them at a significant disadvantage. As power demands for cell phones increase, fuel cells could become much more attractive options for larger power generation. The demand for longer on time on phones and computers is something often demanded by consumers so fuel cells could start to make strides into laptop and cell phone markets. The
11523224
Steel Vengeance


official announcement for Steel Vengeance. It was also announced that a virtual recreation of the ride would be made available in the PC video game, "Planet Coaster". Steel Vengeance opened to the public on May 5, 2018. After an incident on Twisted Timbers, a roller coaster also refurbished by Rocky Mountain Construction located at Cedar Point's sister park Kings Dominion, where a phone hit a rider in the face, Cedar Point put a ban on cell phones in the ride's queue. Riders were expected to put their
17190662
Stingray phone tracker


offering the best signal. When the phone and Stingray connect, the computer system determines the strength of the signal and thus the distance to the device. Then, the vehicle moves to another location and sends out signals until it connects with the phone. When the signal strength is determined from enough locations, the computer system centralizes the phone and is able to find it. Cell phones are programmed to constantly search for the strongest signal emitted from cell phone towers in the area. Over the course of the day, most cell
15366409
Motorola DynaTAC


from it. Martin Cooper was the first person to make an analog cellular mobile phone call on a prototype in 1973. The Motorola DynaTAC 8000x was very large compared to phones today. This first cell phone was very expensive when it was released in the USA in 1984. The DynaTAC's retail price, $3,995 (about $ in ), ensured that it would not become a mass-market item; by 1998, when Mitchell retired, cellphones and associated services made up two thirds of Motorola's $30 billion in
11183514
Public transport


. This is another issue that is challenged in the courts in the United States as a "Free Speech" issue. Almost all riders are equipped with cell phones which can take pictures or record what is happening on the lines. Riders are able to record the actions of transit police and transportation system employees. In the era when long distance trips took several days, sleeping accommodations were an essential part of transportation. (On land, the lodging involved was often part of the infrastructure: the inn or ryokan, which did
8752418
Guard cell


Guard cells are specialized cells in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that are used to control gas exchange. They are produced in pairs with a gap between them that forms a stomatal pore. The stomatal pores are largest when water is freely available and the guard cells turgid, and closed when water availability is critically low and the guard cells become flaccid. Photosynthesis depends on the diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO) from the air through the stomata into the mesophyll tissues. Oxygen (O), produced as a
22210692
Cell phone novel


A cell phone novel, or , is a literary work originally written on a cellular phone via text messaging. This type of literature originated in Japan, where it has become a popular literary genre. However, its popularity has also spread to other countries internationally, especially to China, United States, Germany, and South Africa. Chapters usually consist of about 70-100 words each due to character limitations on cell phones. Phone novels started out primarily read and authored by young women on the subject of romantic fiction such as
2531690
Connected Limited Device Configuration


Profile is a profile designed for cell phones. There are two versions of MIDP available, specified in JSR 37 (MIDP 1.0) and JSR 118 (MIDP 2.0). Both versions provide an LCD oriented GUI API, with MIDP 2.0 including a basic 2D gaming API. Applications written to use this profile are called MIDlets. Many cell phones come with a MIDP implementation, and it is a popular platform for downloadable cell phone games. The Information Module Profile is specified in JSR 195 and is designed for vending machines, network
21595725
Etiquette in technology


was not turned on at the time. In New York City, students are banned from taking cell phones to school. This has been a debate for several years, but finally passed legislature in 2008. "Most schools allow students to have cell phones for safety purposes"—a reaction to the Littleton, Colorado, high school shooting incident of 1999 (Lipscomb 2007: 50). Apart from emergency situations, most schools don't officially allow students to use cell phones during class time. Talking or texting on a cell phone in public
16035118
Generic Access Network


. The system is essentially invisible to the network as a whole, GAN is used to allow UMA-compatible mobile phones to use WiFi networks to connect calls, in place of conventional cell towers. This can be useful in locations with poor cell coverage where some other form of internet access is available, especially at the home or office. The system offers seamless handoff, so the user can move from cell to WiFi and back again with the same invisibility that the cell network offers when moving from tower to tower. Since
9968745
Pragaash


The band made their first public appearance on December 10, 2012 when they participated in a Battle of Bands competition in Srinagar, where they received the award for "Best Performance". Shortly after their win at the Battle of Bands, the group began to receive death and rape threats via their cell phones and Facebook profiles. The Grand Mufti publicly criticized the band, stating that they were exhibiting "indecent behaviour" and that "this kind of non-serious activity can become the first step towards our destruction". On
4628618
Stacey Castor


their bedroom for a day following an argument and was not responding to his cell phone. When he did not appear at their shared workplace, she had become worried. She claimed he was depressed. Unable to get a response, Sergeant Robert Willoughby of the Onondaga County Sheriff's Department kicked in the door of the bedroom and found David Castor lying dead. Among the items near his body were a container of antifreeze and a half-full glass of bright green liquid. Willoughby says he remembers that Castor screamed, "He
14730713
People v. Diaz


, Diaz's cell phone was not only on his person but also directly associated with him at the time, and thus a delayed search of the phone 90 minutes after the seizure was valid. Given these three cases, the Court concluded that the search and seizure of Diaz's cell phone was valid. Acting Chief Justice Kennard concurred with the court's judgement, with a few exceptions. Kennard noted that in its earlier rulings surrounding the doctrine of search incident to arrest, the Supreme Court probably did not have cell phones in
7267889
Ronald B. Herberman


, please note that it is not good to keep the cell phone, when turned on, in your pocket or anywhere else in direct contact with your body. Cell phones continuously receive and emit radiofrequency radiation, and long term exposure against your body can contribute to health risks.” In the same Post story, he also stated that “I believe strongly that we need to utilize the principle of simple precautions until evidence one way or the other becomes definitive.” Herberman was a Board of Directors member of LessCancer.org, an
19341976
Motorola StarTAC


phones to gain widespread consumer adoption; approximately 60 million StarTACs were sold. The StarTAC brand was revived in 2004 and 2007 for a series of flip phones exclusive to some Asian markets, and again for a cordless phone model. Motorola applied for the "StarTAC" trademark name in September 1995. The StarTAC was unveiled in North America on January 3, 1996. Then the smallest cell phone available, this AMPS phone was an immediate success. Successor TDMA and cdmaOne StarTACs were equally popular. GSM models were available in North America
10049718
Clearnet (Telus Mobility)


is marketed primarily towards business and industrial customers who need the PTT functionality. Prior to their merger with Telus Mobility, Clearnet had developed an innovative out of the box cell phone marketing system, where their phones were available at various retail stores, besides their own. To activate a Clearnet cell phone, a customer simply called the company with a credit card, went through an instant credit check, and if approved, they set up their Clearnet account over the phone. Within an hour or two, the customer could use his
2170293
Store-within-a-store


. Trained Cellular Order Desk employees staffed all stores and provided one-stop shopping for members. A customer could enter a Price Club/Costco warehouse location, choose a cell phone model and have it activated and available for pick-up at the Will Call window on the way out of the store. In those days, every cell phone had a programmable NAM which required pairing the phone ESN to the carriers service. Some early phones were programmed with an electronic NAM writer device, but the handsets sold at Price Club/
8753549
Ronald B. Herberman


Precautionary Advice Regarding Cell Phone Use,” which began: “Recently I have become aware of the growing body of literature linking long-term cell phone use to possible adverse health effects including cancer. Although the evidence is still controversial, I am convinced that there are sufficient data to warrant issuing an advisory to share some precautionary advice on cell phone use.” The memo included ten specific recommendations for reducing exposure to mobile phones’ microwave radiation, including only allowing children to use them in emergencies, keeping the phone away from
19341972
Payphone


20th century, payphones in some countries, such as Spain, used token coins, available for sale at a local retailer, to activate pay phones, instead of legal tender coins. In some cases these have been upgraded to use magnetic cards or credit card readers. In the past, payphones were ubiquitous around the world, but their prevalence has decreased significantly over the years due to the increasing availability of mobile phones, but cell phone service is not always available in emergencies. Most payphones in Canada are owned and operated by
2847880
Deflategate


investigator Ted Wells and his colleagues, Brady directed that the cell phone he had used for the prior four months be destroyed," the league statement read. "He did so even though he was aware that the investigators had requested access to text messages and other electronic information that had been stored on that phone. During the four months that the cell phone was in use, Brady had exchanged nearly 10,000 text messages, none of which can now be retrieved from that device. The destruction of the cell phone was not disclosed
19945843
System time


. Prior to the widespread availability of computer networks, most personal computer systems that did track system time did so only with respect to local time and did not make allowances for different time zones. With current technology, most modern computers keep track of local civil time, as do many other household and personal devices such as VCRs, DVRs, cable TV receivers, PDAs, pagers, cell phones, fax machines, telephone answering machines, cameras, camcorders, central air conditioners, and microwave ovens. Microcontrollers operating within embedded systems
19405671
Internet in Egypt


-mail addresses, and phone numbers in order to receive a text message on their cell phones containing a PIN that they can use to access the Internet. As the Egyptian blogosphere continued to grow, so did the government's crackdown on bloggers and Internet users. For example, blogger Abdel Kareem Nabil Suleiman Amer ("Kareem Amer") was sentenced in February 2007 to four years in prison for "incitement to hatred of Islam" on his blog and for insulting the president. He has since become the symbol of online
21121993
V/H/S: Viral


abducted. Kevin chases after the truck, egged on by images of Iris broadcast to his cell phone. The truck circles the neighborhood repeatedly, and people receive strange images on their cell phones that cause them to become violently insane. When Kevin finally catches up to the truck he sees body parts strewn on the ground around it. He examines the driver's seat only to find it empty but with a pair of disembodied hands duct taped to the wheel. Upon examining the back of the truck he finds a number of televisions
176448
Mobile phone use in schools


Mobile phone use in schools by students has become a controversial topic debated by parents and teachers. Parents who support the use of cell phones believe that these phones are essential for safety by allowing children to communicate with their parents and guardians. Opponents of students using mobile phones during school believe that cell phones cause disruption and may be used inappropriately such as by cheating on tests, taking inappropriate photographs, and playing mobile games. Rather than paying attention to teachers, students are spending more time distracted by their phones. To prevent distractions
1974462
Candice Rose Martinez


Candice Rose Martinez (born c. 1986), also known as the "Cell Phone Bandit," committed four bank robberies in Northern Virginia, U.S., in October and November 2005, when she was a 19-year-old Northern Virginia Community College student. She was given the "Cell Phone Bandit" nickname by the media because she spoke on her cell phone while committing the robberies. Candice received international notoriety when surveillance footage of the robberies was aired on newscasts worldwide, showing her talking on her cell phone during the robberies.
4874064
Family Entertainment and Copyright Act


and up to six years for a repeat offender, in addition to any fines that may be levied under the U.S. Criminal Code for copyright infringement. This could apply to merely taking a cell phone snapshot of a theatre screen. With regard to unreleased works intended for public distribution (e.g., beta software or workprints), anyone who makes available a work that the copyright owner expects to distribute commercially, but is not yet distributed, shall be punished if the work is "made available on a computer network accessible to members of
1221218
Mobile phone industry in the United States


the United States. Qualcomm is the inventor of and main contributor to cdmaOne and CDMA2000 mobile phone standards. U.S. based producers: International producers: While it is "mobile phone" in British English, it is "cell phone" in American English. The term "cell phone", short for "cellular phone" came into the day-to-day American English vocabulary during the 1980s when the mobile phone companies had to distinguish their mobile phone that can be carried from one cell to another, each controlled by a
12838028
Mobile phones in prison


then not on the location of signals, but in the recognition of the physical phone itself which cannot be masked by internalizing or hiding on the person. In 2010, Robert Johnson, a prison guard at Lee Correctional Institution in Bishopville, South Carolina, was shot six times by a gunman hired by an inmate using a contraband cell phone. In 2013, the FCC suggested prisons be allowed to manage cell phone network access which would allow only authorized phones to access the network. However, the movement did not pass.
20490550
Roaming


example: should a subscriber travel beyond their cell phone company's transmitter range, their cell phone would automatically hop onto another phone company's service, if available. The process is supported by the Telecommunication processes of mobility management, authentication, authorization and accounting billing procedures (known as AAA or 'triple A'). Roaming is divided into "SIM-based roaming" and "username/password-based roaming", whereby the technical term "roaming" also encompasses roaming between networks of different network standards, e.g. WLAN
6425693
Automatic callback


intercom call and press CAMP. Your phone will disconnect from the attempted call. When the phone you rang is available, your phone will ring with five ring bursts. Press intercom to ring the other phone. To use with calls made in the voice-announce mode, press intercom before the camp button. To cancel, press intercom and dial "#6". Comdial ExecuTech System 2000 Make an intercom call. At the busy signal, dial "*6". Hang up. When the desired extension becomes idle
19038407