when was incidents in the life of a slave girl published
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


Life of a Slave Girl" was published as a complete work in 1861. Its publication was soon overshadowed by the start of the Civil War, although it attracted some attention as it addressed themes highlighted by the abolitionist movement. "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" addressed some issues earlier raised in works by white abolitionists, most notably Harriet Beecher Stowe in her novel, "Uncle Tom's Cabin" (1852), who had artfully combined the genres of slave narratives and sentimental novels. Stowe based her novel
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, written by herself is an autobiography by Harriet Ann Jacobs, a young mother and fugitive slave, published in 1861 by L. Maria Child, who edited the book for its author. Jacobs used the pseudonym Linda Brent. The book documents Jacobs's life as a slave and how she gained freedom for herself and for her children. Jacobs contributed to the genre of slave narrative by using the techniques of sentimental novels "to address race and gender issues." She explores the struggles and
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


, and the Horniblow and Norcum papers at the North Carolina state archives, to establish both that Harriet Jacobs was the true author of "Incidents," and that the narrative was her autobiography, not a work of fiction. At the suggestion of historian Herbert Gutman, she contacted Harvard University Press regarding publication, and her edition of "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" was published in 1987 with the endorsement of Professor John Blassingame. As an African-American novel and historical artifact, "Incidents" constituted a
2196419
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


sexual abuse that female slaves faced on plantations as well as their efforts to practice motherhood and protect their children when their children might be sold away. In the book, Jacobs addresses white Northern women who fail to comprehend the evils of slavery. She makes direct appeals to their humanity to expand their knowledge and influence their thoughts about slavery as an institution. Jacobs began composing "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" after her escape to New York, while living and working at Idlewild, the Hudson River home of writer
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


have a home of her own for her family, she cannot practice domestic virtues. When Jacobs's narrative was finally published, the Civil War had started, and it was buried beneath news of the war. Jacobs had wanted to appeal to abolitionists and particularly to gain the support of white, affluent, middle-class women on behalf of female slaves. Her book also addresses the influence of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 on people in the North as well as the South. This act required law enforcement and private
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


that "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" was a fictional novel written by Lydia Marie Child. While re-reading "Incidents" in the 1970s as part of a project to educate herself in the use of gender as a category of analysis, Yellin became interested in the question of the text's true authorship. Over the course of a six-year effort, Yellin found and used a variety of historical documents, including from the Amy Post papers at the University of Rochester, state and local historical societies
2196418
Southern United States literature


Narrative" is perhaps the most famous first-person account of black slavery in the antebellum South. Harriet Jacobs, meanwhile, recounted her experiences in bondage in North Carolina in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. And another Southern-born ex-slave, William Wells Brown, wrote "Clotel; or, The President's Daughter"—widely believed to be the first novel ever published by an African-American. The book depicts the life of its title character, a daughter of Thomas Jefferson and his black mistress, and
21259492
Jean Fagan Yellin


, to establish both that Harriet Jacobs was the true author of "Incidents," and that the narrative was her autobiography, not a work of fiction. At the suggestion of historian Herbert Gutman, she contacted Harvard University Press regarding publication, and her edition of "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" was published in 1987 with the endorsement of Professor John Blassingame. After the publication of "Incidents," Yellin engaged in further research which revealed that Jacobs had been well known in her own time, and was
20191056
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


complex characters, representing an ideal of domestic life and maternal love. She works tirelessly to buy her children's and grandchildren's freedom. Mr. Sands is Samuel Tredwell Sawyer, the white father of Linda's two children. He eventually arranges to buy the children he has with Linda, and he lets them live with Aunt Martha. Benny Sands is Joseph Sawyer. Ellen Sands is Louisa Sawyer. Mr. Bruce is Nathaniel Parker Willis. Gertrude Bruce is Cornelia Grinnel Willis. "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" initially
2196416
Ruth Hall (novel)


her article, "Renovating Domesticity in "Ruth Hall"", "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl", and "Our Nig", Jennifer Larson emphasizes the negative impacts that the domestic discourse had on women and through the novels, "Ruth Hall", "Incident Life of A Slave Girl" and "Our Nig", she is able to show how some women could overcome the oppression that they were left in after their husband's failure. After the death of her husband, Harry, Ruth
10271206
Amy and Isaac Post


slave colonies in Canada, and attended conventions all through the North. Post became good friends with Harriet Ann Jacobs, who she encouraged to write "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" in 1861 (published under the name "Linda Brent"). Amy served the community in practical and tangible ways, such as collecting food, medical supplies, and clothing for freed slaves during the Civil War. After the War, Post became a member of both the Equal Rights Association and the National Woman Suffrage Association. In
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


responded to her request. The Phillips and Samson company closed. Jacobs eventually signed an agreement with the Thayer & Eldridge publishing house, and they requested a preface by abolitionist Lydia Maria Child, who agreed. Child also edited the book, and the company introduced her to Jacobs. The two women remained in contact for much of their remaining lives. Thayer & Eldridge, however, declared bankruptcy before the narrative could be published. After being printed in serial form in the "New-York Tribune", "Incidents in the
2196391
Harriet Ann Jacobs


Harriet Ann Jacobs (February 11, 1813 – March 7, 1897) was an African-American writer who escaped from slavery and was later freed. She became an abolitionist speaker and reformer. Jacobs wrote an autobiography, "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl", first serialized in a newspaper and published as a book in 1861 under the pseudonym Linda Brent. It was a reworking of the genres of slave narrative and sentimental novel, and was one of the first books to address the struggle for freedom by female
6676012
The Cremorne


The Cremorne was a pornographic magazine published by William Lazenby in London in 1882 (but falsely backdated to 1851). The title alludes to Cremorne Gardens which had by that time become a haunt of prostitutes. The magazine was a sequel to "The Pearl". The story "The Secret Life of Linda Brent" is an obscene parody of "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl", by Harriet Jacobs writing under the pseudonym of Linda Brent. It is in the same vein as "My Grandmother's Tale"
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


with him when she comes of age. The girl resists his entreaties and maintains her distance. Knowing that Flint will do anything to get his way, as a young woman Linda consents to a relationship with a white neighbor, Mr. Sands, hoping he can protect her from Flint. As a result of their relations, Sands and Linda have two mixed-race children: Benjamin, often called Benny, and Ellen. Because they were born to an enslaved mother, they are considered slaves, under the principle of partus sequitur
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


but his daughter, Emily, writes to Linda to claim ownership of the fugitive slave. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 is passed by Congress, making Linda and her children extremely vulnerable to capture and re-enslavement, as it requires cooperation by law enforcement and citizens of free states. Emily Flint and her husband, Mr. Dodge, arrive in New York to capture Linda. When the refugee goes into hiding, the new Mrs. Bruce offers to purchase her freedom. At first Linda refuses, unwilling to be bought and sold
2196408
Samuel Tredwell Sawyer


a congressman. Later Harriet Jacobs escaped from North Carolina, making her way to Philadelphia and then New York. She wrote her autobiography, "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl", and published it under a pseudonym, first in a serialized form in the newspaper. It was published as a book in 1861. By then, a friend had bought her freedom from her former mistress. After the war, she and her daughter Louisa worked with freedmen, particularly in Alexandria, Virginia, aiding their transition to a
17836657
Jean Fagan Yellin


She began teaching at Pace University in 1968. Her dissertation was published in 1972 as "The Intricate Knot: Black Figures in American Literature". She was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize in 1990 for "Women and Sisters: The Anti-Slavery Feminists in American Culture" and won the 2004 Frederick Douglass Prize and the Modern Language Association's William Sanders Scarborough Prize for "Harriet Jacobs: A Life". "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" initially received favorable reviews, but it quickly lost attention due to
20191053
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


and publisher Nathaniel Parker Willis. Portions of her journals were published in serial form in the "New-York Tribune", owned and edited by Horace Greeley. Jacobs's reports of sexual abuse were deemed too shocking for the average newspaper reader of the day, and publication ceased before the completion of the narrative. Boston publishing house Phillips and Samson agreed to print the work in book form if Jacobs could convince Willis or abolitionist author Harriet Beecher Stowe to provide a preface. She refused to ask Willis for help and Stowe never
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


woman slave and consistently fights with his wife. Aunt Martha – Linda's maternal grandmother and close friend. Religious and patient, she is saddened about the treatment of her children and grandchildren by their white masters. She grieves when her loved ones escape to freedom, as she knows they will never meet again. Family to her must be preserved even at the cost of freedom and happiness. Aunt Martha stands up for herself, speaking to the Flints out of her dignity. She is the only slave whom Dr. Flint respects.
2196412
American literature


individualism, and community. The political conflict surrounding abolitionism inspired the writings of William Lloyd Garrison and his paper "The Liberator", along with poet John Greenleaf Whittier and Harriet Beecher Stowe in her world-famous "Uncle Tom's Cabin". These efforts were supported by the continuation of the slave narrative autobiography, of which the best known examples from this period include Frederick Douglass's "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave" and Harriet Jacobs's "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl"
20355982
Harriet Ann Jacobs


of "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" was published in 1987 with the endorsement of Professor John Blassingame. Jean Fagan Yellin conceived of the idea of the Harriet Jacobs Papers Project, a collection of documents by and about Jacobs. In 2000, an advisory board for the project was established, and after funding was awarded, the project began on a full-time basis in September, 2002. Sources of funding included the Carolina State Archives, the University of North Carolina Press, Pace University, the Gladys Delmas
6676062
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


citizens in free states to cooperate in the capture and return of fugitive slaves to their owners, increasing penalties for interference. It made it a felony for anybody who found a refugee slave not to return the slave to his or her owner, but abolitionists and activists on the Underground Railroad continued to aid slaves through the 1850s. Born into slavery in Edenton, NC in 1813, Linda has happy years as a young child with her brother, parents, and maternal grandmother, who are relatively well-off slaves in good positions
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


ventrem, which had been part of Southern slave law since the 17th century. Linda is ashamed, but she hopes this illegitimate relationship will protect her from assault at the hands of Dr. Flint. Linda also hopes that Flint would become angry enough to sell her to Sands, but he refuses to do so. Instead, he sends Linda to his son's plantation to be broken in as a field hand. When Linda discovers that Benny and Ellen are also to be sent to the fields, she makes a desperate plan.
2196402
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave


of enslaved grief and loss (Spillers, “Mama’s Baby”, 76). By tracing the historical conditions of captivity through which slave humanity is defined as “absence from a subject position” narratives like Douglass’, chronicles of the Middle Passage, and Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, are framed as impression points that have not lost their affective potential or become problematically familiar through repetitions or revisions (Spillers, “Mama’s Baby”, 66). Spillers own (re)visitation of Douglass’ narrative suggests
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


Mrs. Flint – Linda's mistress and Dr. Flint's wife. Suspecting a sexual relationship between Linda and her husband, she treats the girl viciously. Though a church woman, she is brutal and insensitive to her slaves, representing the corruption caused by slavery. She and her husband fight about Linda, as he protects her from corporal punishment by Mrs. Flint. Mr. Sands – Linda's white sexual partner and the father of her children, Benny and Ellen. Though somewhat kindly, Sands has no real love for his two slave
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


Escaping to the North with two small children would be nearly impossible. Unwilling either to submit to Dr. Flint's abuse or abandon her family, she hides in the attic of her grandmother Aunt Martha's cabin. She hopes that Dr. Flint, believing that she has fled to the North, will sell her children rather than risk having them escape as well. Linda is overjoyed when Dr. Flint sells Benny and Ellen to a slave trader who, unbeknownst to him, secretly represents Sands. Promising to free the children one day,
2196403
Harriet Ann Jacobs


challenging the white middle-class cult of womanhood as too narrowly construed. Slave women had often been blamed when white men used them sexually, and Jacobs wanted to show how they were abused by the impossible power relationships. Christian women could perceive how slavery was a temptation to masculine lusts. The later part of "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" was devoted to Jacobs' struggle to free her two children after she escaped. Starting in January, 1861, the United States suffered break-up; South Carolina
6676030
National Anti-Slavery Standard


; Lydia M. Child, 1841–1843; D. L. Child, 1843–1844; S. H. Gay, 1844–1854; Oliver Johnson, 1863–1865; A. M. Powell, 1866-1870. One of the paper's editor, Lydia Maria Child, published a book entitled "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl", written by a colored woman, Harriet Jacobs, under the pseudonym, Linda Brent. This book was written to the northerners to reveal the horrors and tragedies that enslaved colored people had to face. A letter from the author
3580273
Slave narrative


tales to inspire the abolitionist struggle, and tales of progress. The tales written to inspire the abolitionist struggle are the most famous because they tend to have a strong autobiographical motif, such as in Frederick Douglass's autobiographies and "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" by Harriet Jacobs (1861). From the 1770s to the 1820s, the slave narratives generally gave an account of a spiritual journey leading to Christian redemption. The authors usually characterized themselves as Africans rather than slaves, as most were born in Africa.
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


North and resistance in the South; meanwhile, several anti-Tom novels were published by Southern authors who presented a more benevolent view of plantation slavery. President Abraham Lincoln credited Stowe's work with contributing to the start of the Civil War. Jacobs had initially sought Stowe's help, wanting to dictate her story to her. Instead, Stowe proposed to include her account in "A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin" (1853) and sent it to Mrs. Willis for verification. Jacobs resented this patronizing detour as a betrayal
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


on several slave narratives. While Stowe wrote about characters who struggle through lives of slavery, Jacobs's work presents an authentic account of one black woman's girlhood and adolescence navigating the complex terrain of male-chauvinist slave-based, white-supremacist civilization. Stowe explores the far-reaching influence of chattel slavery, saying that everyone in the United States was implicated in its cycle, including Southern women, people living in the North, and people who did not own slaves. The book aroused anti-slavery support in the
2196393
African-American literature


tales written to inspire the abolitionist struggle are the most famous because they tend to have a strong autobiographical motif. Many of them are now recognized as the most literary of all 19th-century writings by African Americans, with two of the best-known being Frederick Douglass's autobiography and "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" by Harriet Jacobs (1861). Jacobs (1813–1897) was born a slave in Edenton, North Carolina and was the first woman to author a slave narrative in the United States. Although
5175763
Harriet Ann Jacobs


, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas all seceded from the Union. The first six were the states that had the highest percentage of slaves to the total population among the 15 slave-holding states. In February, representatives from the southern states elected Jefferson Davis as President of the Confederacy. At this time, Harriet Jacobs and her editor, Lydia Maria Child, were trying to sell "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl". They wrote to authors and editors of newspapers, to
6676031
White slave propaganda


who used their European appearance to "pass for white" and gain freedom include those of Ellen Craft: "Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom" (coauthored with her husband William), and Harriet Ann Jacobs: "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl". With majority-white ancestry, these women often also appeared as speakers on the abolitionist lecture circuit. The Crafts and other abolitionists also publicized the life of Salomé Müller, a German immigrant orphaned as an infant soon after arrival in New Orleans. Though Muller
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


subject to the social and economic power of men. Jacobs showed that slave women had a different experience of motherhood but had strong feelings as mothers despite the constraints of their position. Jacobs was clearly aware of the womanly virtues, as she referred to them as a means to appeal to female abolitionists to spur them into action to help protect enslaved black women and their children. In the narrative, she explains life events that prevent Linda Brent from practicing these values, although she wants to. For example, as she cannot
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


her children. After a few years, Mrs. Bruce dies. Linda spends some time living with her children in Boston. She spends a year in England caring for Mr. Bruce's daughter, and for the first time in her life enjoys freedom from racial prejudice. When Linda returns to Boston, she sends Ellen to boarding school. Benny moves to California with Linda's brother William, who had also escaped to the North. Mr. Bruce remarries, and Linda takes a position caring for their new baby. Dr. Flint dies,
2196407
Mary Mildred Williams


of the readers. But later photographs documented the existence of mixed-race, predominantly white slaves, whose appearance shocked and titillated many Northerners. Nonfiction accounts written by escaped mixed-race slaves who used their European appearance to "pass for white" and gain freedom include those of Ellen Craft: "Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom" (coauthored with her husband William), and Harriet Ann Jacobs: "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl". With majority-white ancestry, these women often also appeared as
4100726
Kindred (novel)


lives and to exercising that power harshly when necessary." Given that Butler makes Dana go from liberty to bondage and back to liberty beginning on the day of her birthday, Angelyn Mitchell further views "Kindred" as a revision of the "female emancipatory narrative" exemplified by Harriet A. Jacobs's "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl", with Butler's story engaging in themes such as female sexuality, individualism, community, motherhood, and, most importantly, freedom in order to illustrate the types of female agency
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


space." When she initially enters her "loophole of retreat," Jacobs states that "[its] continued darkness was oppressive…without one gleam of light…[and] with no object for my eye to rest upon." However, once she bores holes through the space with a gimlet, Jacobs creates for herself an oppositional perspective on the workings of the plantation—she comes to inhabit what McKittrick terms a "disembodied master-eye, seeing from nowhere." The garret offers Jacobs an alternate way of seeing
2196422
Kindred (novel)


immersed in family and community. Robert Crossley sees Butler's novel as an extension of the slave woman's memoir's exemplified by texts such as Harriet Ann Jacobs' "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl", especially in its portrayal of the compromises the heroine must make, the endurance she must have, and her ultimate resistance to victimization. Originally, Butler intended for the protagonist of "Kindred "to be a man, but as she explained in her interview, she could not do so because a man would
2843480
Harriet Ann Jacobs


The book was accepted as a fictional novel. From then on, prior to Jean Fagan Yellin's work in the 1970s-1980s, the accepted academic opinion, voiced by such historians as John Blassingame, was that "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" was a fictional novel written by Lydia Marie Child. While re-reading "Incidents" in the 1970s as part of a project to educate herself in the use of gender as a category of analysis, Yellin became interested in the question of the text's true authorship
6676060
Nathaniel Parker Willis


in her pseudonymized autobiography "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl", which she began composing while working for the Willis family, that she "was convinced that ... Nathaniel Parker Willis was proslavery". Willis is depicted as "Mr. Bruce", an unattractive Southern sympathizer in the book. One of Willis's tales, "The Night Funeral of a Slave", featured an abolitionist who visits the South and regrets his anti-slavery views; Frederick Douglass later used the work to criticize Northerners who were pro-
16053
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


of piety, purity, domesticity, and submissiveness. Venetria K. Patton explains that Jacobs and Harriet E. Wilson, who wrote "Our Nig", reconfigured the genres of slave narrative and sentimental novel, claiming the titles of "woman and mother" for black females, and suggesting that society's definition of womanhood was too narrow. They argued and "remodeled" Stowe's descriptions of black maternity. They also showed that the institution of slavery made it impossible for African-American women to control their virtue, as they were
2196396
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


. It is not until her mother dies that Linda even begins to understand that she is a slave. At the age of six, she is sent to live in the big house under the extended care of her mother's mistress, who treats her well and teaches her to read. After a few years, this mistress dies and bequeaths Linda to a relative. Her new masters are cruel and neglectful, and Dr. Flint, the father, takes an interest in Linda. He tries to force her into a sexual relationship
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


them, she determines to escape with them to the North. But Dr. Flint continues to hunt for her, and leaving the attic is still too risky. After seven years in the attic, Linda finally escapes to the North by boat. Benny remains with Aunt Martha. Linda tracks down Ellen, by then nine years old and living in Brooklyn, New York, in the home of Sands's cousin, Mrs. Hobbs. Linda is dismayed to see Ellen is being treated as a slave, since the institution had been abolished
2196405
Solomon Bayley


Solomon Bayley (1771 1839) was an African American man who is best known for his 1825 autobiography entitled "A Narrative of Some Remarkable Incidents in the Life of Solomon Bayley, Formerly a Slave in the State of Delaware, North America". Published in London, it is among the early slave narratives written by slaves who gained freedom before the American Civil War and emancipation. Bayley was born into slavery in Delaware. After escaping and being recaptured, he later bought his freedom, and that of his wife and children.
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


critical intervention into the early African-American literary canon and African-American historiographies of slavery by foregrounding the experiences of black women under slavery. Before black feminist challenges to the African-American literary and historiographic canons in the 1970s and '80s, the former and the latter foregrounded themes of slavery, racism, social inequality, and black cultural resistance, but failed to highlight the specific exigencies faced by black women under slavery; namely, institutionalized rape and reproductive violence. Thus, "Incidents," along with other black women
2196420
African-American literature


her narrative "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" was written under the pseudonym "Linda Brent", the autobiography can be traced through a series of letters from Jacobs to various friends and advisors, most importantly to Lydia Maria Child, the eventual editor of incidents. The narrative details Jacobs' struggle for freedom, not only for herself but for her two children. Jacobs' narrative occupies an important place in the history of African-American literature as it discloses through her firsthand example the specific injustices that black women
5175764
The Thieves of Ostia


way she is moved to pity when she sees some recently disembarked slaves led by Venalicius on the way to the market. When she is given six hundred sesterces by the jeweller, she immediately decides to buy the young African girl she saw with the slaves, to save her from a life of misery. Flavia treats the young slave-girl, who is called Nubia, very kindly, giving her dates to eat and beginning to teach her Latin. Later in the day she has a birthday party with her father, Nubia
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


Harriet Jacobs. At the start of the story, Linda is unaware of her status as a slave due to her first kind masters, who taught her how to read and write. She faces harassment by her subsequent masters, the Flints. Linda learns along the way how to defend herself against her masters. She uses psychological warfare to avoid the advances of Dr. Flint. Jacobs reveals in the beginning of the book that there were aspects of her story that she could not bear to write. She is torn between her desire
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


, as Stowe had thereby revealed the origin of her children whose circumstances of birth she had never discussed with Mrs. Willis. The incident contributed to Jacobs's deciding to write her story on her own. On her behalf, Mrs. Willis told Stowe of Jacobs's plan, but Stowe never responded. In the antebellum period, the Cult of True Womanhood was prevalent among upper and middle-class white women. This set of ideals, as described by Barbara Welter, asserted that all women possessed (or should possess) the virtues
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


Brent is John Jacobs, Linda's brother, to whom she is close. William's escape from Mr. Sands shows that even a privileged slave desires freedom above all else. Ruth Nash is Margaret Horniblow. Emily Flint is Mary Matilda Norcom, Dr. Flint's daughter and Linda's legal owner upon his death. Dr. Flint is Dr. James Norcom. Based on Harriet Jacobs' master, the character of Dr. Flint is drawn with emphasis on his villainy. Aunt Martha is Molly Horniblow. She is one of the narrative's most
2196415
North Carolina literature


life in Edenton" in her 1861 autobiographical "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl". The North Carolina Literary and Historical Association began in 1900 in Raleigh, and the North Carolina Poetry Society in 1932 in Charlotte. The North Carolina Writers' Network formed in 1985, and the Winston-Salem Writers group in 2005. The "North Carolina Literary Hall of Fame" (est.1996) resides in the James Boyd House in the town of Southern Pines. Inductees: In 1948 Arthur Talmage Abernethy became the first North Carolina
18191542
Nightjohn (film)


Nightjohn is a 1996 American television film directed by Charles Burnett. The film is about a young slave girl named Sarny, played by Allison Jones, who lives a hopeless life on a Southern plantation. Her job is to take care of the white family’s son as well as spitting tobacco on the roses to keep bugs away. Her life is changed when she is taught how to read by a fellow slave. The slave, John, says that learning to read is freedom because slavery is bounded by laws and deeds which
16488068
Jean Fagan Yellin


the start of the Civil War. After the war ended, readers who discovered the work were confused as to the identity of the author; because of the use of a pseudonym, some thought that the author was Lydia Maria Child, or abolitionist author Harriet Beecher Stowe. The book was accepted as a novel. From then on, prior to Yellin's work in the 1970s-1980s, the accepted academic opinion, voiced by such historians as John Blassingame, was that "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" was a
20191054
Ravinder Singh (author)


real-life incident of his meeting a girl and his love life. After a six-month search, an editing team sent the manuscript to the publisher Shristi, who published the book. The book was unveiled at a press conference in Chandigarh by Anupam Mittal. He also launched the audio version of "I Too Had a Love Story" in mid-2011. "I Too Had a Love Story" is also published in Kannada language, entitled "Nannadu Ondu prema kathe". Ravinder Singh ventured into book publishing in the
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


for black feminist geographies: black women's political, feminist, imaginary, and creative concerns that respatialize the geographic legacy of racism-sexism." In analyzing the hiding place of Harriet Jacobs (Linda Brent) – the space of her grandmother's garret - McKittrick illuminates the tensions that exist within this space and how it occupies contradictory positions. Not only is the space of the garret one of resistance and freedom for Brent, but it is also a space of confinement and concealment. That is, the garret operates as a
2196424
Pamela Erens


Chicago. Her mother Patricia lectured on film at Rosary College and her father was an attorney. Erens was educated at the Latin School of Chicago, and had a novel published at the age of 14 entitled "Fight for Freedom: A Slave Girl's Escape"; it was written when she was 10. It concerned the escape to the North of an Arkansas slave girl, accompanied by Harriet Tubman. She went on to study at Phillips Exeter Academy and Yale University. Erens has been a fellow at the Bread Loaf Writers
9548467
Edenton, North Carolina


a pen name of Linda Brent, was entitled "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" (1861). In 1658 adventurers from the Jamestown area drifted through the wilderness from Virginia and found a location on the bank of a natural harbor, the site of present-day Edenton. Edenton Colony was the first permanent European settlement in what is now the state of North Carolina. Edenton was established in 1712 as "the Towne on Queen Anne's Creek". It was later known as "Ye Towne on Mattercommack
5607303
Linsey-woolsey


say that the material was too rough and would have been used instead for clothing and occasionally for light blankets. It was also used as a ground fabric for needlepoint. Linsey-woolsey was valued for its warmth, durability, and cheapness, but not for its looks. In her autobiography "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" Harriet Jacobs writes, "I have a vivid recollection of the linsey-woolsey dress given to me every winter by Mrs. Flint. How I hated it! It was one of the
9329243
Musa al-Kadhim


of prayer to God (mubahala) except Ali, Fatimah, al-Hasan, and al-Husayn. Therefore the explanation of the verse is: Our sons are al-Hasan and al-Husayn; our women is Fatimah; ourselves is Ali." Another incident concerns Bishr al-Hafi, who led a Bacchic life. Once in the midst of the noise, music, alcoholic drink and frivolity, Musa al-Kadhim happened to pass by his house in Baghdad. Al-Kadhim saw a slave girl coming
10875330
Julia C. Collins


"rediscovered" "The Curse of Caste" while searching through the microfilm collection of the "Christian Recorder". Along with colleague William L. Andrews, Katchun argues that the serialized novel is the first novel written by an African American woman. The pair argue that previous novels written by African American women, such as Our Nig (1859) by Harriet E. Wilson and Harriet Ann Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861), are basically autobiographical. During a presentation at Saginaw Valley State University, Kachun
11488419
Cheryl Dunye


budget of $2 million and was released in theaters as well as on their network. The film deals with a young woman and juvenile offender named Treasure (Yolanda Ross), who seeks to build a relationship with her estranged mother by getting transferred to the same prison facility once she becomes an adult. Dunye became interested in exploring motherhood within imprisonment in "Stranger Inside" by the birth of her daughter and Harriet Jacobs’s "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl". Additionally, Dunye was interested in the topic
2049025
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


received favorable reviews, but it quickly lost attention due to the start of the Civil War. After the war ended, readers who discovered the work were confused as to the identity of the author; because of the use of a pseudonym, some thought that the author was Lydia Maria Child, or abolitionist author Harriet Beecher Stowe. The book was accepted as a novel. From then on, prior to Jean Fagan Yellin's work in the 1970s-1980s, the accepted academic opinion, voiced by such historians as John Blassingame, was
2196417
Harriet Ann Jacobs


at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Her headstone reads: "Patient in tribulation, fervent in spirit serving the Lord". "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" initially received favorable reviews, but it quickly lost attention due to the start of the Civil War. After the war ended, readers who discovered the work were confused as to the identity of the author; because of the use of a pseudonym, some thought that the author was Lydia Maria Child, or abolitionist author Harriet Beecher Stowe.
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


again, and she makes plans to follow Benny to California. Mrs. Bruce buys Linda's freedom from Flint. Linda is grateful to Mrs. Bruce, but expresses disgust at the institution that required such a transaction. Linda notes that she has not yet realized her dream of making a home with her children. The book closes with two testimonials to its accuracy, one from Amy Post, a white abolitionist, and the other from George W. Lowther, a black antislavery writer. Linda Brent – The protagonist, and a pseudonym for
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


's novels and historiographies, directed critical attention to the ways in which race and gender interacted in the lives of black bondswomen to produce gender-specific conditions of unfreedom. The space of the garret, in which Jacobs confined herself for seven years, has been taken up as a metaphor in black critical thought, most notably by theorist Katherine McKittrick. In her text "Demonic Grounds: Black Women and the Cartographies of Struggle", McKittrick argues that the garret "highlights how geography is transformed by Jacobs into a usable and paradoxical
2196421
Harriet Ann Jacobs


Maria Child presented pages of Harriet Jacobs' narrative in "The Freedmen's Book". She modified and republished certain passages from Jacobs' "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl". Child emphasized the role of Jacobs' grandmother, focusing on her devotion and hard work. Such an account gave newly freed people an uplifting view to help them deal with their freedom. In April, 1865, a New York committee reported on its visit to freedmen in Alexandria. It noted that African Americans were happy with the efforts
6676047
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings


and embraces a strong racial identity. Angelou's description of being raped as an eight-year-old child overwhelms the autobiography, although it is presented briefly in the text. Scholar Mary Vermillion compares Angelou's treatment of rape to that of Harriet Jacobs in her autobiography "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl". Jacobs and Angelou both use rape as a metaphor for the suffering of African Americans; Jacobs uses the metaphor to critique slaveholding culture, while Angelou uses it to first internalize, then challenge, twentieth-
848362
White slave propaganda


mobs had protested the draft law, as wealthier men could buy substitutes rather than serve in the war. Carol Goodman in "Visualizing the Color Line," has argued that the photos alluded to physical and sexual abuse of the children's mothers. When publishing the photo of the eight former slaves, the editor of "Harper's Weekly" wrote that slavery permits slave-holding, "'gentlemen' [to] seduce the most friendless and defenseless of women." The specter of "white" girls being sold as
13299388
Mary Mildred Williams


a real-life Ida May, the child hero of a popular novel about a girl kidnapped into slavery. Mary's appearance was that of a white child, and abolitionists emphasized that fact to enlist sympathy, as well as to frighten Northerners that any child, regardless of appearance, might be snatched away and made a slave. An analysis of the WPA Slave Narrative Collection, collected in the 1930s, shows that, when women discussed parentage at all, about one-third of these women ex-slaves said they had
4100724
Female slavery in the United States


his late wife, who served as the widower's concubine for more than two decades. In the case of Harriet Ann Jacobs, author of "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl," her master, Dr. James Norcom, had sexually harassed her for years. Even after she had two children of her own, he threatened to sell them if she denied his sexual advances. Slavery was abolished in the United States in 1865, with the ratification of the 13th Amendment. The decree offered enslaved men a path to
11533928
1995 Okinawa rape incident


in Japan and said that the electronics assembly prison labor he was forced to do amounted to slave labor. Ledet, who had claimed he did not rape the girl, died in 2006 in an apparent murder–suicide in the United States. He was found in the third-floor apartment of Lauren Cooper, a junior Kennesaw State University student and acquaintance whom he had apparently raped and murdered by strangulation. He then took his own life by using a knife to slice open his veins at the elbows. In 2008, a
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


Sands sends them to live with Aunt Martha. Linda becomes physically debilitated by being confined to the tiny attic, where she can neither sit nor stand up. Her only pleasure is to watch her children through a tiny peephole. Mr. Sands marries and is elected to Congress. He takes Ellen, his illegitimate child with the enslaved Linda, to Washington, D.C. to be an eventual companion for his newborn daughter; it is at this point that Linda realizes that he may never free their children. Worried that he will eventually sell
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


in New York. She fears that Mrs. Hobbs will take Ellen back to the South and put her beyond her mother's reach. Linda finds work as a nursemaid for the Bruces, a family in New York City who treat her very kindly. Learning that Dr. Flint is still in pursuit, Linda flees to Boston, where she is reunited with her son Benny, who had also escaped. Dr. Flint claims that the sales of Benny and Ellen were illegitimate, and Linda is terrified that he will re-enslave her and
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


children. But he serves as Linda's portal to partial freedom, and the two can use each other. Sands breaks promises to Linda and he eventually doesn't talk to her anymore. He eventually has another child by his wife and treats that child with more affection than he gave Benny and Ellen. Harriet Jacobs uses pseudonyms to protect the identities of persons, and she alters events and characters for dramatic effect. Linda Brent (stand for Harriet Jacobs), the book's protagonist and a pseudonym for the author. William
2196414
Ursus in the Valley of the Lions


through a series of incidents, the baby Ursus winds up being abandoned alone in a hidden valley in the wilderness where he is adopted and raised by a pride of lions who mistake him for one of their cubs. In a storyline similar to "Tarzan of the Apes", Ursus grows to manhood with the lions as his family. One day, a caravan of slave girls heading to market breaks down near Ursus' cave and after repairing their wagon, Ursus takes Ania, one of the slave girls, as his payment
8008124
A Slave of Fashion


A Slave of Fashion is a 1925 American silent romantic comedy film directed by Hobart Henley. The film stars Norma Shearer and Lew Cody, with William Haines. A young Joan Crawford had an early uncredited role as a mannequin. "A Slave of Fashion" is now considered lost. Small-town girl Katherine (Norma Shearer) steals a train-wreck victim's lease on a New York City flat in order to enjoy the good life. When her family turns up, she pretends to be the wife of the absent
14860199
Treatment of slaves in the United States


impede their value as laborers." Whites punished slaves publicly to set an example. A man named Harding describes an incident in which a woman assisted several men in a minor rebellion: "The women he hoisted up by the thumbs, whipp'd and slashed her with knives before the other slaves till she died." Men and women were sometimes punished differently; according to the 1789 report of the Virginia Committee of the Privy Council, males were often shackled but women and girls were left free. The branding of slaves for identification
10520181
Kivu conflict


as sex slaves. The Kivu conflict has created chaos and disorder in the regions of North and South Kivu. MONUSCO believe that widespread sexual assault has been perpetrated against women in this regions by all sides of the conflict, something which the UNHCR has condemned. Incidents have involved the rape and sexual assault of both women and girls, included the incorporation of girls into militia forces as sex slaves. The most publicised example of sexual violence occurred in November 2012 in Minova. Having retreated to the town, FARDC troops conducted systematic rape
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


for personal freedom and responsibility to her family, especially her children Benny and Ellen. Dr. Flint – Linda's master, enemy and would-be lover. He has the legal right to do anything he wants to Linda, but wants to seduce her rather than take her by force in rape. Throughout the book, Linda constantly rebels against him and refuses any sexual dealings. He becomes enraged, obsessing about breaking her spirit. Dr. Flint never recognizes that Linda is a full human being. Dr. Flint objectifies Linda as a
2196411
The Slave-Girl from Jerusalem


understandable when he reveals Dives' own selfishness. The deceased Dives is portrayed as genuinely regretful of his past actions, and as trying to make up for it by leaving his property to Hepzibah, to his Jewish slaves, and to the synagogue. Yet at the same time, he built his fortune by stealing a religious artifact, and at the cost of his comrade's life. Also, his guilt appears less noble when it is mixed with desire, even lust, for Hepzibah. He is also portrayed as a hypocrite
9172150
Sapphira and the Slave Girl


Sapphira and the Slave Girl is Willa Cather's last novel, published in 1940. It is the story of Sapphira Dodderidge Colbert, a bitter but privileged white woman, who becomes irrationally jealous of Nancy, a beautiful young slave. The book balances an atmospheric portrait of antebellum Virginia against an unblinking view of the lives of Sapphira's slaves. Except for the epilogue, the book takes place entirely in 1856. Sapphira Colbert is an unhappy middle-aged woman, crippled by dropsy, who came to marriage late and married beneath
498595
Rhodes Must Fall


among Royall Must Fall activists because of the Royall family's history as slave-owners. The movement's inception was accompanied by several controversial incidents, most notably when black tape was mysteriously placed over the portraits of prominent African-American faculty members. In addition to spurring several students to express their views about the incident in an "#HLSUntaped" feature in the law school's student newspaper and at on-campus assemblies, the controversy soon eclipsed the law school and garnered university-wide interest, with several articles published in
13559781
The Looking Glass War


and Avery strike up a deep friendship, with each seeing the other as his last chance at redemption: Avery feels like running a successful agent will mean he's finally done something meaningful with his life, while Leiser- in the throes of a midlife crisis- simply wants to feel useful again. When crossing the border, Leiser kills a young East German guard, an outrage which is widely published in the East German media. The incident shakes Leiser. After stealing a motorcycle, he meets a young German girl who agrees to give
18305476
Katie.com: My Story


Katie.com: My Story (or A Girl's Life Online) is a memoir by American author Katie Tarbox. The book was published by Dutton in April 2000. The book chronicles a life changing event in the author's life while growing up in New Canaan, Connecticut. At the age of 13, Tarbox met an older man in an Internet chat room, which led to a secret Internet relationship and, several months later, a meeting in a Texas motel where she was molested. The incident was interrupted by her mother
15261047
Pearl incident


-slavery newspaper "The New Era". Suspecting him because of his record of abolitionist publishing, a mob of slave owners almost destroyed the newspaper building but were held off by the police. Once the mob dissipated, the slave owners debated how to punish their slaves. They sold all seventy-seven slaves to slave traders from Georgia and Louisiana, who would take them to the Deep South and the New Orleans slave market. There they would likely be sold to work on the large sugar and cotton plantations, which held
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl


, allowing her to reimagine freedom while shielding her from the hypervisibility to which black people—especially black women—are always already subject. Katherine McKittrick reveals how theories of geography and spatial freedom produce alternative understandings and possibilities within Black feminist thought. By centering geography in her analysis, McKittrick portrays the ways in which gendered-racial-sexual domination is spatially organized. McKittrick writes, "Recognizing black women's knowledgeable positions as integral to physical, cartographic, and experiential geographies within and through dominant spatial models also creates an analytical space
2196423
Iron Man's armor


sabresaw" were available for cutting through objects. Life support was improved; the pacemaker was no longer needed after successful heart surgery. A slave circuit was added to control older suits after the incident with Weasel Willis. This was a weakness when Midas attempted to gain control of the armors. Sensors were upgraded with a full-band transceiver, infrared, and a 'life detector' that was keyed to several important personnel. Although he has since developed more advanced armors, Stark has returned to this armor when situations have forced
15943359
Slavery in Asia


-do people to present a couple of slave girls to a daughter as part of her marriage dowery [sic]. Nearly all prostitutes are slaves. It is, however, customary with respectable people to release their slave girls when marriageable. Some people sell their slave girls to men wanting a wife for themselves or for a son of theirs. "I have bought three different girls: two in Szü-chuan for a few taels each, less than fifteen dollars. One I released in Tientsin, another died in Hongkong
11969443
Solomon Bayley


often observed a precedent of "once free, always free", until the Dred Scott ruling by the United States Supreme Court. Bayley's memoir, "A Narrative of Some Remarkable Incidents in the Life of Solomon Bayley" (1825), is one of the earliest of the genre known as slave narratives. Published in London in 1825, it is forty-eight pages in length. It was based in part on correspondence between Bayley and Hurnard. Bayley expresses his religious faith throughout, in his escape, his efforts
5915984
Zodiac Killer


off with a girl the best part of it is thae when I die I will be reborn in paradice and the i have killed will become my slaves I will not give you my name because you will try to sloi down or atop my collectiog of slaves for my afterlife ebeorietemethhpiti" — The solution to Zodiac's 408-symbol cipher. The meaning, if any, of the final eighteen letters has not been determined. The "Chronicle" published its third of the cryptogram on page four of the next day's edition. An
15772440
The Slave-Girl from Jerusalem


The Slave-Girl from Jerusalem is a children's historical novel by Caroline Lawrence. The novel, the thirteenth in "The Roman Mysteries" series, was published in 2007. It is set in December AD 80 in and around Ostia, and deals with death, slavery and the Roman legal system. Jonathan's sister, Miriam, is approached by Hepzibah, a girlhood friend from Jerusalem. Hepzibah is in serious trouble. Formerly a slave owned by the wealthy landowner Dives, she claims that she was manumitted (set free
9172137
Daya (film)


adventures of a lively and intelligent slave girl named Daya (Manju Warrier). Mansoor (Krishna (Malayalam actor)), the son of an aging and wealthy nobleman, is used to an extravagant way of life. Squandering his wealth after his father's death, he is forsaken by all his friends, except the loyal slave girl, Daya, who suggests that she be sold at the slave market for an exorbitant price. The envoys of the King interrupt the sale and take Daya to court, where she is tested
11078457
John Brown (fugitive slave)


John Brown (c.1810 – 1876), also known by his slave name, "Fed", was born into slavery on a plantation in Southampton County, Virginia. He is known for his memoir published in London, England in 1855, "Slave Life in Georgia: A Narrative of the Life, Sufferings, and Escape of John Brown, a Fugitive Slave, Now in England". This slave narrative, dictated to a helper who wrote it, recounted his life and later escape from slavery in Georgia. He lived
12116153
Female slavery in the United States


Children under five could not be sold away from their mothers, "unless such division cannot in any wise be [e]ffected without such separation.'" Slave girls in North America often worked within the domestic sphere, providing household help. White families sought the help of a "girl", an "all-purpose tool" in family life. Although the word "girl" applied to any working female without children, slaves were preferred because in the long run they cost less. These enslaved girls were usually very
11533919
Underwire bra


bra has helped deflect bullets or other objects, saving the wearer's life. In 1996, the underwire of a girl's bra helped save her life when she was impaled on a railing and, according to hospital personnel, the underwire from her bra probably helped deflect the spike from her heart. There have been multiple incidents where bullets were deflected by the underwire of a woman's bra, either keeping her entirely from harm, or directing the bullet away from the heart to another part of the body. One such incident
13032134
Charles Ball


in Maryland, South Carolina and Georgia, as a Slave Under Various Masters, and was One Year in the Navy with Commodore Barney, During the Late War.", published in 1837 with the help of Isaac Fisher. An 1846 re-edited version by Frances Catherine Barnard ,"The Life of a Negro Slave", was published by Charles Muskett. In 1859, an abridged edition of this autobiography appeared, called "Fifty Years in Chains, or, The Life of an American Slave." The 1859 edition
17719551
Cat Among the Pigeons (Golding novel)


Cat among the Pigeons is a young adult novel by Julia Golding, published in 2006. It is a story about Pedro the slave's fight for freedom. The main character is Cat, a girl of around 12 who is Pedro's best friend. The setting is London in the late 18th century when slavery has just been ruled illegal in England but is still common in the British West Indies. Things are fine but then trouble rises as Pedro's old slave master, Mr. Hawkins, comes to London and tries to reclaim
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