Norman Swartz [SEP] employer
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SEP-IRA


. The deadline for establishing the plan and making contributions is the filing deadline for the employer's tax return, including extensions. The strictest conditions employers may place on employee eligibility are as follows. The employee must be included if they: Employers may use less restrictive criteria. SEP-IRA funds are taxed at ordinary income tax rates when qualified withdrawals are taken after age (as for traditional IRAs). Contributions to a SEP plan are deductible, lowering a taxpayer's income tax liability in the contribution year. SEP-IRA
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SEP-IRA


contributions are treated as part of a profit-sharing plan. For employees, the employer may contribute up to 25% of the employee's wages to the employee's SEP-IRA account. For example, if an employee earns $40,000 in wages, the employer could contribute up to $10,000 to the SEP-IRA account. The total contribution to a SEP-IRA account should not exceed the lesser of 25% of income (20% for self-employed before self-employed tax deduction is included);(see below)
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Norman Swartz


Norman Swartz (born 1939) is a professor emeritus (retired 1998) of philosophy, Simon Fraser University. He is the author or co-author of multiple books and multiple articles on the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. He earned a B.A. in physics from Harvard University in 1961, an M.A. in history and philosophy of science from Indiana University in 1965 and a Ph.D. in history of philosophy of science in 1971 also from Indiana University. He uses the term physical law to mean the laws of nature as they truly are and
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SEP-IRA


net profit. In the above example, where an employee earns $40,000 and the employer contributes 25% of that, $10,000, the employee has received $50,000 total, of which 20% goes to the SEP-IRA. When a business is a sole proprietorship, the employee/owner both pays themselves wages and may also make a SEP contribution, which is limited to 25% of "wages", namely, profits minus SEP contribution. For a particular contribution rate "CR", the reduced rate is
13754347
Definition


Norman Swartz classifies a definition as "stipulative" if it is intended to guide a specific discussion. A stipulative definition might be considered a temporary, working definition, and can only be disproved by showing a logical contradiction. In contrast, a "descriptive" definition can be shown to be "right" or "wrong" with reference to general usage. Swartz defines a "precising definition" as one that extends the descriptive dictionary definition (lexical definition) for a specific purpose by including additional criteria. A precising definition narrows
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Individual retirement account


Certain IRAs (rollovers from SEP or Simple IRAs, Roth IRAs, individual IRAs) are exempt up to at least $1,000,000 (adjusted periodically for inflation) without having to show necessity for retirement. The law provides that "such amount may be increased if the interests of justice so require." Other IRAs (rollovers from most employer sponsored retirement plans (401(k)s, etc.) and non-rollover SEP and SIMPLE IRAs) are entirely exempt. The 2005 BAPCPA also increased the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit for IRA
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Subjunctive possibility


subjunctively) "necessarily" true; what being provable "means" is that it would not be (logically) "possible for" it to be false. Similarly, it might not be at all (epistemically) "possible that" it is raining outside—we might "know" beyond a shadow of a doubt that it is not—but that would hardly mean that it is (subjunctively) "impossible for" it to rain outside. This point is also made by Norman Swartz and Raymond Bradley. There
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SEP-IRA


"CR/(1+CR)"; for a 25% contribution rate, this yields a 20% reduced rate, as in the above. Thus the overall contribution limit (barring limits) is 20% of 92.9% (that is, 18.6%) of net profit. For example, if a sole proprietor has $50,000 net profit from self-employment on Schedule C, then the "1/2 of self-employment tax credit", $3,532, shown on adjustments to income at the bottom of form 1040, will be
13754348
Aaron Swartz


Swartz's family recommended GiveWell for donations in his memory, an organization that Swartz admired, had collaborated with and was the sole beneficiary of his will. On January 12, 2013, Swartz's family and partner issued a statement criticizing the prosecutors and MIT. Speaking at his son's funeral on January 15, Robert Swartz said, "Aaron was killed by the government, and MIT betrayed all of its basic principles." Tom Dolan, husband of U.S. Attorney for Massachusetts Carmen Ortiz, whose office prosecuted Swartz's case,
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Aaron Swartz


removal of Ortiz, "for overreach in the case of Aaron Swartz." A similar petition was submitted calling for prosecutor Stephen Heymann's firing. In January 2015, two years after Swartz's death, the White House declined both petitions. On August 3, 2013, Swartz was posthumously inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame. There was a hackathon held in Swartz' memory around the date of his birthday in 2013. Over the weekend of November 8–10, 2013, inspired by Swartz's work and life, a second
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Oscar Swartz


Per Oscar Swartz (December 1, 1959) is a Swedish entrepreneur, writer and blogger. Oscar Swartz was born in Solna, Stockholm County. He is the great-grandson of the former Swedish Prime Minister Carl Swartz, and a second cousin of the publisher Eva Swartz and the journalist Richard Swartz. He has a doctorate in economics and managerial economics from the Stockholm School of Economics. In 1994 he founded Bahnhof, the first independent Internet service provider in Sweden. He left the company in 2004 after some internal disputes.
1785727
Aaron Swartz


documents obtained by Swartz as a co-creator of RECAP, offered some insight into discrepancies in reporting on just how much data Swartz had downloaded: "In a back-of-the-envelope calculation a few days before the offsite crawl was shut down, Swartz guessed he got around 25 percent of the documents in PACER. "The New York Times" similarly reported Swartz had downloaded "an estimated 20 percent of the entire database". Based on the facts that Swartz downloaded 2.7 million documents while PACER, at the
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Aaron Swartz


) created a mural of Swartz. "Swartz was an amazing human being who fought tirelessly for our right to a free and open Internet," the artist explained. "He was much more than just the 'Reddit guy'." Speaking on April 17, 2013, Yuval Noah Harari described Swartz as "the first martyr of the Freedom of Information movement." Aaron Swartz's legacy has been reported as strengthening the open access to scholarship movement. In Illinois, his home state, Swartz's influence led state university
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Aaron Swartz


supporter of open access, Swartz wrote in his "Guerilla Open Access Manifesto":Supporters of Swartz responded to news of his death with an effort called #PDFTribute to promote Open Access. On January 12, Eva Vivalt, a development economist at the World Bank, began posting her academic articles online using the hashtag "#pdftribute" as a tribute to Swartz. Scholars posted links to their works. The story of Aaron Swartz has exposed the topic of open access to scientific publications to wider audiences. In the wake of Aaron Swartz,
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Aaron Swartz


bargain under which he would have served six months in federal prison. Two days after the prosecution rejected a counter-offer by Swartz, he was found dead in his Brooklyn apartment, where he had hanged himself. In 2013, Swartz was inducted posthumously into the Internet Hall of Fame. Swartz was born in Highland Park, Illinois (a suburb of Chicago), the eldest son of Jewish parents Susan and Robert Swartz and brother of Noah and Benjamin. His father had founded the software firm Mark Williams Company. Swartz immersed
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Mamatha Raghuveer Achanta


women and children aversely affecting their health. NILA along with Save the Children organized a conference to review the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Bill. It was held on Sep. 15, 2015 at ASCI, Banjarahills Campus, Hyd from 11 AM to 2 PM. The Union Minister of Labour and Employment, Sri Bandaru Dattatreya, was the Chief Guest and the Minister for Home and Labour, Employment and Training, Telanagna Sri Nayani Narsimha Reddy, was the Guest of Honour. Dr. Mamatha is the Technical Partner to BHAROSA -
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SEP-IRA


employment tax (2006 Form 1040, line 27, from Schedule SE, Section A, line 6, or Section B, line 13). Barring limits, this is half the 15.3% FICA tax, levied on net earnings, which is 92.35% of net profit. Therefore, adjusted net profit (net profit minus deduction for self-employment tax) is 92.935225% of net profit, which is close to but slightly more than net earnings. The limit of 25% applies to wages, not (adjusted)
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World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
Beth Ames Swartz


Beth Ames Swartz moved to Phoenix, Arizona, with her husband Melvin Jay Swartz whom she divorced in 1984. In 1991 Swartz began living part-time in New York City where she met her second husband, art dealer John D. Rothschild. In 1995, Swartz returned to Paradise Valley, Arizona where she currently resides with John. The process of painting is integral to Swartz's art making process and to the creation of her multiple series of works. Her expressionist paintings are rich with texture built with layers of thin acrylic washes
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List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
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Solo 401(k)


catch-up contribution does not apply to the SEP IRA. Calculating one's maximum annual solo 401(k) contribution limitation, including employee deferrals and profit sharing contributions, is based on self-employment income or W-2 income earned by the plan participant and the adopting employer's established legal entity (sole proprietorship vs. "C" corporation). In other words, in the case of a "C" or "S" corporation, the employee deferral and profit sharing contribution is based on the individual plan participant's W-2 amount.
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Retirement plans in the United States


tax consequences. A SIMPLE IRA is a type of Individual Retirement Account (IRA) that is provided by an employer. It is similar to a 401(k) but offers simpler and less costly administration rules. Like a 401(k) plan, the SIMPLE IRA is funded by a pre-tax salary reduction. However, contribution limits for SIMPLE plans are lower than for most other types of employer-provided retirement plans. A Simplified Employee Pension Individual Retirement Account, or SEP IRA, is a variation of the Individual Retirement Account.
7647073
Aaron Swartz


first anniversary of his death, a preview was released of "The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz", a documentary about Swartz, the NSA and SOPA. The film was officially released at the January 2014 Sundance Film Festival. "Democracy Now!" covered the release of the documentary, as well as Swartz's life and legal case, in a sprawling interview with director Brian Knappenberger, Swartz's father, brother, and his attorney. The documentary is released under a Creative Commons License; it
3051096
Argument from free will


and evil actions, as follows: A logical formulation of this argument might go as follows: Norman Swartz, however, contends that the above arguments commit the modal fallacy. In particular, he asserts that these arguments assume that if C is true, it becomes necessary for C to be true, which is incorrect as C is contingent (see modal logic). Otherwise, one can argue that the future is set already regardless of his actions. Other means of reconciling God's omniscience with human free will have been proposed
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Modal fallacy


a possible world can exist in which Donald Trump is not yet 35 years old. If instead of adding a stipulation of necessity, the argument just concluded that Donald Trump is 35 or older, it would be valid. Norman Swartz gave the following example of how the modal fallacy can lead one to conclude that the future is already set, regardless of one's decisions; this is based on the "sea battle" example used by Aristotle to discuss the problem of future contingents in his "On Interpretation:"Two admirals, A and
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Grandfather paradox


textbook "Logical Reasoning", arguing that the possibility of creating a contradiction rules out time travel to the past entirely. However, some philosophers and scientists believe that time travel into the past need not be logically impossible provided that there is no possibility of changing the past, as suggested, for example, by the Novikov self-consistency principle. Bradley Dowden himself revised the view above after being convinced of this in an exchange with the philosopher Norman Swartz. Consideration of the possibility of backwards time travel in a hypothetical universe described
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Beth Ames Swartz


with the figure of an angel. In Kabbalah, the angel symbolizes the good deeds performed in one's lifetime. Swartz created the angel figures with the hope that “their presence might help my mother go to heaven." Her mother Dorothy Ames passed away in March 1988, a day after Swartz completed "Celestial Visitation, #5". The series "A Story for the Eleventh Hour" was a continuation of Swartz's work with the earth and its spiritual significance and connection to humankind. In Swartz's previous series
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Jeffrey Swartz


Jeffrey Swartz (born March 20, 1960) is an American businessman and philanthropist, and was formerly CEO of Timberland, founded by his grandfather, Nathan Swartz. He sold Timberland to VF Corporation in 2011. He was born on March 20, 1960 to an Jewish family, the son of Judith and Sidney Swartz. He was educated at Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, followed by a bachelor's degree from Brown University and an MBA from Dartmouth College, New Hampshire. For 15 years Swartz was the CEO of Timberland
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Aaron Swartz


a controlled-access wiring closet at MIT. The door to the closet was kept unlocked, according to press reports. When discovered, a video camera was placed in the room to film Swartz and Swartz's computer was left untouched. Once video was captured of Swartz, the download was stopped and Swartz was identified. Rather than pursue a civil lawsuit against him, in June 2011 they reached a settlement wherein he surrendered the downloaded data. On September 25, 2010, the IP address 18.55.6.215, part of the MIT network
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Aaron Swartz


. A large part of that connection comes from Lessig and his relationship with Swartz." "Patriot of the Web", an independent biographical film about Aaron Swartz, written and directed by Darius Burke, is set to be released in August 2019 on Amazon. The film had a limited video on demand release in December 2017 on Reelhouse and in January 2018 on Pivotshare. Another biographical film about Swartz, "Think Aaron", is being developed by HBO Films. Swartz has been identified as a cofounder of Reddit, but
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Self-employment


IRS Form 1040 and calculate the self-employment tax on Schedule SE of IRS Form 1040. Estimated taxes must be paid quarterly using form 1040-ES if estimated tax liability exceeds $1,000. Self-employed workers cannot contribute to a company-run 401k plan of the type with which most people are familiar. However, there are various vehicles available to self-employed individuals to save for retirement. Many set up a Simplified Employee Pension Plan (SEP) IRA, which allows them to contribute up to 25% of their
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Christian Swartz


later on in the United States, as he was a skillful translator. Swartz attended grammar school in Newark, New Jersey until the age of fourteen and spent several winter terms at district schools in Ohio and Minnesota. He went to high school in Hastings, Minnesota, and studied at Eastman's Business College in Poughkeepsie, New York where he graduated in 1866. On February 4, 1875, Swartz married Adora M. Flynn. They had two children, Charles C. Swartz, the 22nd mayor of Norwalk, and Helen M Swartz
12383978
Printing out the Internet


-four hours. Aaron Swartz was an Internet activist, entrepreneur, and programmer that inspired the project, "Printing out the Internet". Swartz used the MIT network and downloaded millions of academic articles from the JSTOR database. Earlier, Swartz had published court documents from PACER that charge a fee for downloading the files. Federal prosecutors mounted a case against Swartz, and he was arrested in January 2011 by the MIT police. JSTOR asked for the case to be dropped in light of Swartz’s apology, but the prosecution refused
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Aaron Swartz


to 50 years of imprisonment and $1 million in fines. During plea negotiations with Swartz's attorneys, the prosecutors offered to recommend a sentence of six months in a low-security prison, if Swartz would plead guilty to 13 federal crimes. Swartz and his lead attorney rejected that deal, opting instead for a trial in which prosecutors would have been forced to justify their pursuit of Swartz. The federal prosecution involved what was characterized by numerous critics (such as former Nixon White House counsel John Dean) as an "overcharging
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Carl Malamud


Lee, who later made use of the documents obtained by Swartz as a co-creator of RECAP, offered some insight into discrepancies in reporting on just how much data Swartz had downloaded: "In a back-of-the-envelope calculation a few days before the offsite crawl was shut down, Swartz guessed he got around 25 percent of the documents in PACER. The "New York Times" similarly reported Swartz had downloaded "an estimated 20 percent of the entire database". Based on the facts that Swartz downloaded
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United States v. Swartz


Under the six-month deal, after Swartz pled guilty to the 13 charges, the government would have argued for a six-month sentence, and Swartz would have argued for a lesser sentence; the judge would then be free to assign whatever sentence the judge thought appropriate, up to six months. Peters later filed a complaint with the DOJ's Office of Professional Responsibility, stating that if Swartz didn't plead guilty, Heymann "threatened that he would seek for Mr. Swartz to serve seven years in prison," a
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Aaron Swartz


open-campus policy along with an "open network." Two days after Swartz's death, MIT President L. Rafael Reif commissioned professor Hal Abelson to lead an analysis of MIT's options and decisions relating to Swartz's "legal struggles." To help guide the fact-finding stage of the review, MIT created a website where community members could suggest questions and issues for the review to address. Swartz's attorneys requested that all pretrial discovery documents be made public, a move which MIT opposed. Swartz allies have criticized
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Aaron Swartz


funded by the Federal Government." Swartz has been featured in and received dedications from numerous art work. In 2013, Kenneth Goldsmith dedicated his "Printing Out the Internet" exhibition to Swartz. The fate of Aaron Swartz was also featured in conservative filmmaker Dinesh D'Souza's 2014 documentary "", wherein D'Souza compares Swartz's prosecution to his own conviction for violating campaign finance laws, and alleges that both cases exemplify selective, overzealous prosecution. There are also dedicated biographical films for Aaron: On January 11, 2014, marking the
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The Day We Fight Back


second offer of a plea bargain, Swartz was found dead, having hanged himself. Many commentators viewed the prosecution, which could have imposed a devastating prison term for accessing information in bulk rather than one article at a time, as 'bullying' that ultimately lead to Swartz's death. February 11, 2014, the planned day of protest, falls one month after the first anniversary of the death of Aaron Swartz. Swartz's brother, Noah Swartz, is "actively organizing" The Day We Fight Back. David Segal
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United States v. Swartz


In United States of America v. Aaron Swartz, Aaron Swartz, an American computer programmer, writer, political organizer and Internet activist, was prosecuted for many violations of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 (CFAA), after downloading a great many academic journal articles through the MIT computer network from a source (JSTOR) for which he had an account as a Harvard research fellow. Facing trial and the possibility of imprisonment, Swartz committed suicide, and the case was consequently dismissed. On January 6, 2011, Swartz
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United States v. Swartz


" suggesting that a two-year diversion program leading to expunged charges would have been more fitting. Swartz's attorney, Elliot Peters, stated that prosecutors at one point offered a plea deal of four months in prison and pleading guilty to 13 charges, and warned that if Swartz rejected the deal, future deals would be less attractive; and that two days before Swartz's death, that "Swartz would have to spend six months in prison and plead guilty to 13 charges if he wanted to avoid going to trial."
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List of unidentified murder victims in the United States


, white socks with yellow and green stripes, a brown belt with paint-spattering, brown shoes, and a coat. The man had been killed by two gunshot wounds by a man named John Swartz, who has since been convicted of his murder. The victim had allegedly been picked up at a truck stop by Swartz and had informed Swartz his name was Chris. Swartz had paid the decedent assist him with unloading cargo, which he then used to buy several items. After Swartz had picked up a second shipment,
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September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
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New York University


barcode (Jerome Swartz), structure of the DNA (Francis Crick), tau lepton (Martin Lewis Perl), processes for creating food coloring, decaffeination and sugar substitute (Torunn Atteraas Garin), processes for the mass production of penicillin (Jasper H. Kane), X-ray generator and rotational radiation therapy (John G. Trump), nuclear reactor and hydrogen bomb (John Archibald Wheeler), and contact lenses (Norman Gaylord), among many others. Alumnus Fred Waller who invented Cinerama and the Waller Gunnery Trainer
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Clarence Lee Swartz


collection "Instead of a Book"; and in 1927, Swartz published his own book "What is Mutualism?", a new synthesis of individualist and mutualist thought on economics and strategy. Swartz was a strong proponent of private property in the individualist anarchism sense of the word and critical of anarcho-communism. In his 1927 "What is Mutualism", Swartz writes: "One of the tests of any reform movement with regard to personal liberty is this: Will the movement prohibit or abolish private property? If it
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Clementine Swartz


Clementine Swartz, née "Fehrnström" (15 February 1835, in Uleåborg – 7 December 1923, in Stockholm), was a Swedish stage actress. She belonged to the elite actors of the Royal Dramatic Theatre in 1853-1888. She was the daughter of the actor Robert Fehrnström and Augusta Fredrika Grönlund, and married the actor Edvard Swartz in 1854. Clementine Swartz was engaged in the theater company of Oscar Andersson in 1850-53, at "Humlegårdsteatern" in Stockholm in 1853 and, after having made such a successful
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SEP-IRA


or $42,000 (for 2005), $44,000 (2006), $45,000 (2007), $46,000 (2008), $49,000 (2009-2011), $50,000 (2012), $51,000 (2013), $52,000 (2014), $53,000 (2015 & 2016), $54,000 (2017), 55,000 (2018), 56,000 (2019). For 2010 and 2011, the compensation used in the calculation was capped at $245,000 (e.g., an employer making a 10
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Oswald Swartz


Oswald Peter Patrick Swartz (born 1953) is a South African Anglican bishop. He is the twelfth and current Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman. Swartz was born in Kimberley, Northern Cape and educated at St Paul's Theological College, Grahamstown. He was ordained a priest in 1980. Swartz began his ordained ministry as a curate at St Matthias' Church in Welkom(1980–81) and, following his ordination to the priesthood, was appointed as the rector of St Philip’s Bloemfontein (1981 – 1987), serving for some of this
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Oswald Swartz


the Propagation of the Gospel, London (until 2005), responsible for the link with the ecclesiastical provinces of West Africa, Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean. He also served as honorary chaplain at Southwark Cathedral. In 2006 Swartz returned to South Africa as the Dean of Pretoria before being elected and ordained to the episcopate in 2007. Swartz was consecrated at St Cyprian's Cathedral on 1 May 2007 and enthroned there as the 12th Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman on 16 June 2007. Swartz is married and has three children.
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Tony Swartz


Tony Swartz (born September 24, 1943 in Iowa as Russell Anthony Swartz; died September 27, 2016 in Missouri) was an American actor whose roles include Flight Sergeant Jolly on the original "Battlestar Galactica" television series. Swartz appeared in episodes of "The Golden Girls", "Kojak" and "The Invisible Man" television series, as well as in a number of television movies. In 1978, he was cast in "Battlestar Galactica", as Flight Sergeant Jolly, the loyal Colonial Warrior and pilot,
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Julianne Swartz


Julianne Swartz (born April 29, 1967) is a New York-based artist who works with sound, kinetics, and other materials to make sculpture, installations and photographs. Swartz uses optics, magnetism, and the concepts of space and time in her body of work. Swartz uses lights, mirrors, magnets, periscopes, and the concepts of space and time in her body of work, which has been exhibited at the Brooklyn Museum of Art, MoMA PS1, New Museum, Indianapolis Museum of Art, and the
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Nathan Swartz


Nathan Swartz (July 1902 - ?) was an American shoemaker and businessman, and the founder of The Timberland Company. Nathan Swartz was born to a poor Jewish family in July 1902 in Odessa, Russian Empire, the fourth generation of a family of shoemakers. Soon before the First World War, the family migrated to the US. Swartz started as an apprentice in a New York shoe repair shop. In 1952, he bought a 50% stake in the Abington Shoe Company, in Massachusetts, which later became Timberland.
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United States v. Swartz


after such a continuance, the case is typically dismissed. "Tragedy intervened," Silverglate had written, "when [U.S. Attorney Carmen] Ortiz's office took over the case to 'send a message.'" According to "Verge" reporter Jeff Blagdon and the "Huffington Post", federal rather than local prosecutors had been "calling the shots" on the prosecution of the case since Swartz's arrest. Both cited a letter from Swartz's attorneys to the Department of Justice.The lead prosecutor in Mr. Swartz
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United States v. Swartz


in support of this thesis that "We can rightly judge a society by how it treats its eccentrics and deviant geniuses—and by that measure, we have utterly failed [in the case of Swartz]." After Boyle's Huffington Post column, Kerr returned to the topic, advocating reform of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) under which Swartz was prosecuted. "The problem raised by the Swartz case is … [that] felony liability under the statute is triggered much too easily. The law needs to
853072
SAARB Leopards (rugby team)


, drawing against the Italian U23 side and losing four including a 10-25 defeat in the "test" defeat against the national side at Brescia, the only occasion when the margin of loss was by more than one score. Wingers Toto Tsotsobe and Charles Mgweba were the team's most potent strike weapons behind the pack, allied to the goal kicking abilities of Norman Mbiko and Peter Swartz whilst forwards Broadness Cona,Liston Ntshongwana,Patsa Matyeshana and Morgan Cushe would serve the Leopards to particularly good effect. On 9 July 1974
15298185
Norman invasion of Ireland


The Song of Dermot and the Earl", a source which uses the term "English" about eighty times, whilst using "French", "Flemings", and "Normans" in only one particular line. Despite the modern employment of terms such as "Normans", "Anglo-Normans" (itself an eighteenth-century construct), and "Cambro-Normans", contemporary sources virtually never use "Norman" in an Irish context. Irish sources usually describe the men as "foreigners" and "
22203230
Beth Ames Swartz


Israel Revisited" series. According to Swartz, she uses words and visual elements from various religious and philosophical systems (Native American Healing practices, Buddhism, Jewish Mysticism, Christianity) “in order to facilitate communication with viewers on both the conscious and unconscious level." Swartz synthesizes these spiritual traditions and beliefs with the purpose of revealing the commonality between them.” Additionally, the theme of pilgrimage is a prominent theme in Swartz’s art. She refers to pilgrimage as her way of “going beyond the dwelling—beyond the
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Beth Ames Swartz


response to Swartz's paintings. The 28-minute, documentary film, "Reminders of Invisible Light", chronicles Swartz's life and work with the aim of encouraging others to reflect on their own personal and spiritual value. Featuring interviews with Swartz and close ups of her paintings and her time in the studio, the documentary film focuses on Beth's perseverance in overcoming a difficult childhood and building a successful career as an artist. Beth hopes that her life story will motivate viewers to address and surmount their own struggles by accessing their creative
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Jerome Swartz


with the Securities and Exchange Commission in June 2004, paying a $37 million penalty. Currently, he is the Chairman of The Swartz Foundation for Computational Neuroscience. Established in 1994, it has grown to support research in 11 centers (Brandeis University, California Institute of Technology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Columbia University, Harvard University, New York University, Princeton University, Salk Institute, University of California, San Diego, University of California, San Francisco and Yale University). The Swartz Foundation funds the annual Swartz Prize
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Swartz Creek Community Schools


the school board voted to close Mary Crapo building at the end of the school year and move the Child Development Center and Swartz Creek Academy (alternative education) to a former doctor's office on Morrish Road and to the middle school, respectively. The move would cost less than the $625,000 to fix and upgrade Crapo. The Swartz Creek High School is a secondary school in Swartz Creek build in 1958. The school was initial build with a 900-1,000 students capacity. Immediately after opening, the district had plans to
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Quinn Norton


The document offered the prosecution additional evidence in their case against Swartz. Articles in "The Atlantic" and in "New York Magazine" indicate that in 2011 Norton was pressured by prosecutors to offer information or testimony that could be used against Aaron Swartz in his trial for fraud for downloading thousands of academic articles from behind a paywall, but that she denied having information that supported prosecutors' claims of criminal intentions on Swartz's part. Prosecutors nevertheless attempted to use a public blog post on Swartz's blog that Norton mentioned, which
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Shane Swartz


Shane Swartz (born December 27, 1975 in Fort Collins, CO) is an American boxer. Swartz was an outstanding amateur, having won back-to-back gold medals at the 1993 and 1994 U.S. Olympic Festival. He later was the U.S. National Amateur Champion at 165 pounds in 1994 and 1995. Known as "Hurricane", Swartz began his professional career in 1996 and has had limited success. He moved up to the heavyweight division and has fought several notable foes, such as Calvin Brock and Malik Scott,
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Aaron Swartz


both projects initially struggled to gain traction, Reddit began to make large gains in popularity in 2005 and 2006. In October 2006, based largely on the success of Reddit, Not a Bug was acquired by Condé Nast Publications, the owner of "Wired" magazine. Swartz moved with his company to San Francisco to work on "Wired". Swartz found office life uncongenial, and he ultimately left the company. In September 2007, Swartz joined with Infogami co-founder Simon Carstensen to launch a new firm, Jottit,
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Aaron Swartz


in another attempt to create another markdown driven content management system in Python. In 2008, Swartz founded Watchdog.net, "the good government site with teeth," to aggregate and visualize data about politicians. In the same year, he wrote a widely circulated "Guerilla Open Access Manifesto". On December 27, 2010, Swartz filed a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to learn about the treatment of Chelsea Manning, alleged source for WikiLeaks. In 2008, Swartz downloaded about 2.7 million federal court documents stored in the
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Aaron Swartz


Homeland", "drew on advice from Swartz in setting out how his protagonist could use the information now available about voters to create a grass-roots anti-establishment political campaign." In an afterword to the novel, Swartz wrote, "these political hacktivist tools can be used by anyone motivated and talented enough... Now it's up to you to change the system. ... Let me know if I can help." Swartz was involved in the campaign to prevent passage of the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)
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Aaron Swartz


by taxpayers. According to state and federal authorities, Swartz used JSTOR, a digital repository, to download a large number of academic journal articles through MIT's computer network over the course of a few weeks in late 2010 and early 2011. At the time, Swartz was a research fellow at Harvard University, which provided him with a JSTOR account. Visitors to MIT's "open campus" were authorized to access JSTOR through its network. The authorities said Swartz downloaded the documents through a laptop connected to a networking switch in
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Aaron Swartz


Swartz was found dead in his Brooklyn apartment by his partner, Taren Stinebrickner-Kauffman. A spokeswoman for New York's Medical Examiner reported that he had hanged himself. No suicide note was found. Swartz's family and his partner created a memorial website on which they issued a statement, saying: "He used his prodigious skills as a programmer and technologist not to enrich himself but to make the Internet and the world a fairer, better place." Days before Swartz's funeral, Lawrence Lessig eulogized his friend and sometime
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Aaron Swartz


Commission website, USSC.gov, was hacked by Anonymous. The home page was replaced with an embedded YouTube video, "Anonymous Operation Last Resort". The video statement said Swartz "faced an impossible choice". A hacker downloaded "hundreds of thousands" of scientific-journal articles from a Swiss publisher's website and republished them on the open Web in Swartz's honor a week before the first anniversary of his death. After Swartz's death, more than 50,000 people signed an online petition to the White House calling for the
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Aaron Swartz


many institutions and personalities have campaigned for open access to scientific knowledge. Swartz's death prompted calls for more open access to scholarly data (e.g., open science data). The Think Computer Foundation and the Center for Information Technology Policy (CITP) at Princeton University announced scholarships awarded in memory of Aaron Swartz. In 2013, Swartz was posthumously awarded the American Library Association's James Madison Award for being an "outspoken advocate for public participation in government and unrestricted access to peer-reviewed scholarly articles." In March, the
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Marc Swartz


Marc Jerome Swartz (31 October 1931 – 14 December 2011) was an American political and cultural anthropologist specializing in eastern Africa. Born in Omaha, Nebraska, Swartz trained in anthropology in the interdisciplinary Department of Social Relations at Harvard, receiving his PhD in 1958. He was a founding member of the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, San Diego, where he served as a member of the faculty for 36 years. During his career, Swartz was a founding member of the Society for Cultural Anthropology, former chairman
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Swartz Creek, Michigan


were buried on the Miller property before that acre was deeded to Flushing township by Adam Miller. In 1848, Miller Road was designed as a state road. in 1842, a post office was set up in the community called Swartz Creek after the stream. Soon, the community assumed that name. The Village of Swartz Creek subdivision was platted in 1877. In 1881, Swartz Creek had a rail station called Hamilton. Serving the station was the Goodyear and Miller elevator and Western Union Telegraph. The locality also had a hotel
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Reginald Swartz


Sir Reginald William Colin Swartz KBE (14 April 1911 – 2 February 2006), best known as Reg Swartz, was an Australian Liberal Party politician who was Minister during the governments of Sir Robert Menzies, Harold Holt and John Gorton. In particular, he is best known as the Minister for Civil Aviation between 1966 and 1969. He represented the Division of Darling Downs in the House of Representatives between 1949 and 1972 and was a member of the Government for the entire length of his parliamentary service. Swartz Barracks at the Oakey
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Aaron Swartz (actor)


has directed two films that were sold to the BBC. He stars in the film (2015). Swartz also teaches Theatre arts at several English schools of drama. Swartz trained at Drama Centre London. He currently teaches Acting for Camera at the Drama Centre and at the Central School of Speech and Drama, in London, and at the Academy for Creative Training, in Brighton. He is also a Lecturer in Performing Arts at Bexhill College. Swartz has appeared in more than 20 films, including "The Lords of Discipline
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United States v. Swartz


2011. They said Swartz downloaded the documents to a laptop computer connected to a networking switch in a controlled-access wiring closet. According to press reports, the door to the closet was kept unlocked. On January 6, 2011, Swartz was arrested near the Harvard campus by two MIT police officers and a U.S. Secret Service agent. He was arraigned in Cambridge District Court on two state charges of breaking and entering with intent to commit a felony. On July 11, 2011, Swartz was indicted in Federal District Court on
853040
United States v. Swartz


's [federal] case, AUSA Stephen Heymann ... and [Secret Service] Agent Pickett directed and controlled the investigation of Mr. Swartz from the time of [his] arrest on January 6 ... Heymann's involvement in the case had commenced very early in the investigation. On April 13, 2011, as part of their investigation, federal authorities interviewed Swartz's former partner, "Wired" journalist Quinn Norton; she penned an article, "Life Inside the Aaron Swartz Investigation," detailing her experiences in the case. I
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Ross Swartz


Milford Ross "Cardy" Swartz (1893 – 1978) was a minor league baseball player and an American football, college basketball and college baseball coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Connecticut in 1920. After playing baseball in the International League, Swartz was hired as the head football coach and head basketball coach at Lycoming College–then known as Dickinson Seminary–in 1923. His football teams achieved a record of 54 wins, 27 losses, and 4 at Dickinson. Swartz later served as the
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Charles C. Swartz


Charles Christian Swartz (December 1875 - July 26, 1947) was a Democratic Connecticut State Comptroller from 1935 to 1939. He was a one term mayor of Norwalk, Connecticut from 1933 to 1935. He was born in South Norwalk, Connecticut on December 5, 1875 to Christian Swartz, the 6th and 8th mayor of South Norwalk, Connecticut and Adora Flynn Swartz. He attended Yale University and graduated in 1900. He then took a single course in mining engineering at the Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science. He died
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Tommy Trojan


California and the California Art Club. Swartz had a solo exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1923. He exhibited at the Art Institute of Chicago in 1925 and 1929. Swartz designed several fountains for Hollywood celebrities, most notably Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks. Large bronze sculptures were the centerpieces of these fountains. Swartz, like many artists in Los Angeles, did work for movie studios, including MGM. In many newspaper articles published around the end of World War II, Swartz is credited with the creation of
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Beth Ames Swartz


works and a conceptual project that originated as an exhibition at the Jewish Museum in New York and then traveled throughout the United States from September 1981 to December 1983. In 1976, Swartz traveled to Israel where she sought a metaphysical and historical connection with the nation and its land. During the duration of her stay, Swartz located ten scared sites throughout Israel that were meant to symbolize the women of Israel's historical land. These sites were reconfigured in Swartz's Ten Sites series of works with the memory and spirit of each woman
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Beth Ames Swartz


R. Pela Contemporary Art, presents a considerable selection of Swartz's art, ranging from the 1960s to 2015. The exhibition was held at the Arizona Jewish Historical Society in Phoenix. For 15 years, Swartz has been hosting the Breakfast Club, which gives Phoenix area artists the opportunity to meet other artists, critique each other's work, and connect with curators and art professionals. The Breakfast Club currently has more than 55 artists. According to Swartz, her “main love” is advocating for Arizona artists, supporting and encouraging
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Swartz Bay Ferry Terminal


The Swartz Bay Ferry Terminal is a major transportation facility at Swartz Bay in North Saanich, British Columbia. It is located north of Victoria on Vancouver Island. The terminal is part of the BC Ferry system, as well as part of Highway 17. In 1889, former British Columbia Premier Amor de Cosmos, was the first person known to publicly suggest Swartz Bay as a feasible ferry terminal for connections to B.C.'s Lower Mainland. In 1959, the search for a new ferry terminal north of Victoria involved consideration of the existing
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Mark Williams Company


The Mark Williams Company was a small software company in Chicago, Illinois (later moved to Northbrook, Illinois) that created Coherent, one of the first Unix-like operating systems for IBM PCs and several C programming language compilers. It was founded by Robert Swartz in 1977 and discontinued operations in 1995. The name comes from the middle name of Robert Swartz's father, William Mark Swartz. Robert Swartz moved the company (originally producing a soft drink called Dr. Enuf) into software with his father's help and the company
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JSTOR


the visitor, the download was stopped and Swartz was identified. Rather than pursue a civil lawsuit against him, in June 2011 they reached a settlement wherein he surrendered the downloaded data. The following month, federal authorities charged Swartz with several "data theft"–related crimes, including wire fraud, computer fraud, unlawfully obtaining information from a protected computer, and recklessly damaging a protected computer. Prosecutors in the case claimed that Swartz acted with the intention of making the papers available on P2P file-sharing sites. Swartz surrendered to authorities,
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Aaron Swartz


to MIT: On July 30, 2013, JSTOR released 300 partially redacted documents, which had been provided as incriminating evidence against Aaron Swartz. These documents were originally sent to the United States Attorney's Office in response to subpoenas in the case "United States v. Aaron Swartz". "(The following images are all excerpts from the 3,461-page PDF document.)" On the night of January 6, 2011, Swartz was arrested near the Harvard campus by MIT police and a United States Secret Service agent. He was arraigned
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Aaron Swartz


annual hackathon was held in at least 16 cities around the world. Preliminary topics worked on at the 2013 Aaron Swartz Hackathon were privacy and software tools, transparency, activism, access, legal fixes, and a low-cost book scanner. In January 2014, Lawrence Lessig led a walk across New Hampshire in honor of Swartz, rallying for campaign finance reform. In 2017 the Turkish-Dutch artist Ahmet Öğüt commemorated Swartz through a work entitled "Information Power to The People" and depicting his bust. A long-time
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Aaron Swartz


, questioning why federal prosecutors had filed the superseding indictment. On February 20, WBUR reported that Ortiz was expected to testify at an upcoming Oversight Committee hearing about her office's handling of the Swartz case. On February 22, Associate Deputy Attorney General Steven Reich conducted a briefing for congressional staffers involved in the investigation. They were told that Swartz's "Guerilla Open Access Manifesto" played a role in prosecutorial decision-making. Congressional staffers left this briefing believing that prosecutors thought Swartz had to be convicted of a felony carrying at
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Linda Swartz Taglialatela


Linda Swartz Taglialatela (born October 22, 1949) is a diplomat and United States Ambassador to Barbados, the Eastern Caribbean and the OECS. She was nominated by President Obama and confirmed by the Senate on December 9, 2015. On February 1, 2016, she presented her credentials to Sir Elliott Belgrave, Governor-General of Barbados. Taglialatela was born Linda Swartz to Anne and Leon E. Swartz, a veteran and I.B.M. employee. She grew up in Broome County, New York. In 1967 she graduated from Vestal High
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United States v. Swartz


four felony counts: wire fraud, computer fraud, unlawfully obtaining information from a protected computer and recklessly damaging a protected computer. On November 17, 2011, Swartz was indicted by a Middlesex County Superior Court grand jury on state charges of breaking and entering with intent, grand larceny and unauthorized access to a computer network. On December 16, 2011, the district attorney's office filed a "nolle prosequi" declaration in the case generated by Swartz's initial January 6, 2011 arrest. The state charges against Swartz stemming from
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United States v. Swartz


would explain to me later (and reporters would confirm), I made everything worse. On July 19, 2011, the July 11th federal indictment was unsealed, charging Swartz with two counts of fraud and two counts related to accessing and damaging a protected computer. According to the indictment, Swartz surreptitiously attached a laptop to MIT's computer network, which ran a script named "keepgrabbing.py", allowing him to "rapidly download an extraordinary volume of articles from JSTOR." Prosecutors in the case said Swartz acted with the intention
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United States v. Swartz


ever tell Mr. Swartz's attorneys that it intended to seek—maximum penalties under the law." On January 12, 2013, Alex Stamos, a computer forensics investigator employed by the Swartz legal defense team, posted an online summary of the expert testimony he had been prepared to present in the JSTOR case, had Swartz lived to see trial. He wrote:If I had taken the stand as planned and had been asked by the prosecutor whether Aaron's actions were "wrong," I would probably have replied that what
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United States v. Swartz


Heymann of professional misconduct. They said Heymann "may have misrepresented to the Court the extent of the federal government's [early] involvement in the investigation." Emails and reports further illustrated ... that AUSA Heymann was himself involved in the investigation even before Mr. Swartz was arrested on January 6, 2011. The lawyers also said Heymann "abused his discretion when he attempted to coerce" Swartz into pleading guilty: Swartz ... naturally felt extreme pressure to waive his rights ... The difference between an offer of four months and a threat
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Kidnapping of Amber Swartz–Garcia


The kidnapping of Amber Swartz-Garcia (born August 19, 1980) occurred on June 3, 1988 in Pinole, California when she was seven years old. She had been playing jump rope in her front yard when she was abducted. Amber was the daughter of Bernie Swartz, a police officer, and Kim Swartz. Her father was shot and killed four months before her birth, and her mother then lived with Al Garcia, and Amber took his last name. Over the years, the police announced that suspects,
9343149
The Beeps


Sapphire Stream S2/Ep45 Apr. 29 Wash Those Socks! S2/Ep46 Dec. 12 The Bumps SEASON 3: S3/Ep1 Aug. 30 Up Down Hill S3/Ep2 Aug. 31 Caravan S3/Ep3 Sep. 6 Secret Garden S3/Ep4 Sep. 7 Bounceflower Tea S3/Ep5 Sep. 13 The Whale S3/Ep6 Sep. 14 Soggy Sockroaches S3/Ep7 Sep. 20 Stinkroots S3/Ep8 Sep. 21 Sing-a-long-a-beeps S3/Ep9 Sep. 27 History Book S3/Ep10 Sep. 28 What Goes Splat? S3
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Signal Transfer Point


. SEPs send signaling messages to other SEPs, but the messages are normally routed via the SEP's adjacent STPs. An STP's main function is to identify the best path for two SEPs to communicate. A typical application would be for two SEPs to agree on the use of a shared data path (e.g., using ISUP to initiate a voice call between a user on one SEP and a user on the second SEP). In this way, STPs route signaling messages (for starting, maintaining or finishing any kind of
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Swartz Creek Community Schools


add two new wings. At the Little Red School House No.2 back in the late 19th century, Swartz Creek Schools started its sports tradition starting with a championship girls baseball team followed by a winning boys baseball team. In the 1940s, the football team earned the county championship trophy awarded by the Flint Journal, which nicknamed the Swartz Creek Teams as the "Dragons", after which the yearbook was called the dragon. Swartz Creek belong to the County B League then joined the Flint Metro League upon its founding in 1968 until
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Carl Swartz


Carl Johan Gustaf Swartz (5 June 1858 – 6 November 1926) was a Swedish right-wing politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 30 March 1917 to 19 October 1917. He also served as Minister for Finance from 1906 to 1911. He married Dagmar Lundström in 1886, with whom he had three children, Erik, Brita and Olof. Carl Swartz was born on 5 June 1858 in Norrköping, Östergötland County, the son of factory-owner Erik Swartz and wife Elisabeth Forsgren. After completing studies in Uppsala
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Roberta Teale Swartz


Roberta Teale Swartz Chalmers (9 June 1903 in Brooklyn, New York – 13 May 1993 in Wellesley, Massachusetts) was an American academic, a poet, and co-founder of the Kenyon Review. The daughter of William King Swartz and his wife Carrie Teale, Swartz attended Mount Holyoke College, where she took her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1925 magna cum laude. After obtaining her Master of Arts degree at Radcliffe College, Harvard University in 1926, she went on to Oxford University, where she obtained her B.Litt.
9576559
Aaron Swartz


time, contained 500 million, Lee concluded that Swartz downloaded less than one percent of the database. In 2009, wanting to learn about effective activism, Swartz helped launch the Progressive Change Campaign Committee. He wrote on his blog, "I spend my days experimenting with new ways to get progressive policies enacted and progressive politicians elected." Swartz led the first activism event of his career with the Progressive Change Campaign Committee, delivering thousands of "Honor Kennedy" petition signatures to Massachusetts legislators asking them to fulfill former Senator Ted Kennedy
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Maud O'Farrell Swartz


New York City. She worked briefly as a governess, quitting after receiving unwanted attention from her employer. The following year she began working as a proofreader for a foreign language printing company, and in 1903 she joined the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL). In 1912 she joined the Woman Suffrage Party. A fluent Italian speaker, she canvassed Italian neighborhoods promoting women's suffrage to the women there. She joined International Typographical Union Local 6, known as "Big Six," in 1913. She served as secretary
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Signal Transfer Point


calls originated by the SEPs' attached users) while avoiding disabled intermediary STPs. A signaling message typically never goes directly from a given SEP to the destination SEP: the message would normally have to pass through the initiating SEP's adjacent STP so that it can be routed to the destination SEP. In some applications, however, SEPs might be directly connected with signaling links; this would typically be done to enhance robustness or performance between two critical SEPs. Such mesh network configurations are also common in Europe, where STPs have not
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