Jorma Gallen-Kallela [SEP] military rank
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Jorma Gallen-Kallela


Jorma Gallen-Kallela (22 November 1898 in Ruovesi – 1 December 1939) was a Finnish artist. He followed in the footsteps of his father, the famed artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela. After the destruction of his father's frescoes in the Juselius Mausoleum in Pori after the death of his father in 1931, Jorma used his father's sketches to recreate the artwork. Jorma Gallen-Kallela spent part of the Winter War as a lieutenant. While inspecting a downed plane of the Soviet Air Force on the second day of
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Akseli Gallen-Kallela


In 1918, Gallen-Kallela and his son Jorma took part in the fighting at the front of the Finnish Civil War. When the regent, General Mannerheim, later heard about this, he invited Gallen-Kallela to design the flags, official decorations and uniforms for the newly independent Finland. In 1919 he was appointed aide-de-camp to Mannerheim. From December 1923 to May 1926, Gallen-Kallela lived in the United States, where an exhibition of his work toured several cities, and where he visited the
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Juselius Mausoleum


joella" (By the River of Tuonela), "Hävitys" (Destruction), "Talvi" (Winter) and "Syksy" (Fall). The original frescoes were destroyed by fire in 1931. They were repainted by Gallen-Kallela's son Jorma Gallen-Kallela in 1933–1939 and the mausoleum was opened again in 1941. Decorations include Masonic symbolism since Akseli Gallen-Kallela and F.A. Jusélius both were dedicated Freemasons. Another famous Finnish artist, Pekka Halonen, painted the frescoes on the vestibule. They were destroyed
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Akseli Gallen-Kallela


He married Mary Slöör in 1890. The couple had three children, Impi Marjatta, Kirsti and Jorma. On their honeymoon to East Karelia, Gallen-Kallela started collecting material for his depictions of the Kalevala. This period is characterized by romantic paintings of the Kalevala, like the "Aino Myth", and by several landscape paintings. In December 1894, Gallen-Kallela moved to Berlin to oversee the joint exhibition of his works with the works of Norwegian painter Edvard Munch. Here he became acquainted with the Symbolists. In
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Akseli Gallen-Kallela


Kullervo Goes to War", for the concert hall of the Helsinki Student's Union. Between 1901 and 1903 he painted the frescoes for the Jusélius Mausoleum in Pori, memorializing the 11-year-old daughter of the industrialist F.A. Jusélius. (The frescoes were soon damaged by dampness, and were completely destroyed by fire in December 1931. Jusélius assigned the artist's son Jorma to repaint them from the original sketches. The reconstruction was completed just before Jorma's death in 1939.) Gallen-Kallela officially finnicized his name to the
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Akseli Gallen-Kallela


Akseli Gallen-Kallela (26 April 1865 – 7 March 1931) was a Finnish painter who is best known for his illustrations of the Kalevala, the Finnish national epic ("illustration, below"). His work is considered very important for the Finnish national identity. He changed his name from Gallen to Gallen-Kallela in 1907. Gallen-Kallela was born Axel Waldemar Gallén in Pori, Finland in a Swedish-speaking family. His father Peter Gallén worked as police chief and lawyer. Gallen-Kallela was raised
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Mannerheim Line


natural terrain. Many items such as fallen trees and boulders were incorporated into defensive positions. The Finns also mastered camouflage techniques, which they put to good use. The Mannerheim line was not constructed at great expense. Its purpose was to delay more than repel an invasion. It used predominantly local materials. The line applied the methodology of the flexible defence, thus it used trenches and obstacles rather than large pillboxes. The name Mannerheim Line was supposedly coined by Jorma Gallen-Kallela and spread by foreign journalists. In the Winter
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Akseli Gallen-Kallela


Italy. For the Paris World Fair in 1900, Gallen-Kallela painted frescoes for the Finnish Pavilion. In these frescoes, his political ideas became most apparent. One of the vipers in the fresco "Ilmarinen Plowing the Field of Vipers" is wearing the Romanov crown, and the process of removing the vipers from the field was a clear reference to his wish for an independent Finland. The Paris Exposition secured Gallen-Kallela's stature as the leading Finnish artist. In 1901 he was commissioned to paint the fresco, "
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Akseli Gallen-Kallela


more Finnish-sounding Akseli Gallen-Kallela in 1907. In 1909, Gallen-Kallela moved to Nairobi in Kenya with his family, he was the first Finnish artist to travel south of the Sahara, and there he painted over 150 expressionist oil paintings and bought many east African artefacts. But he returned to Finland after a couple of years, because he realized Finland was his main inspiration. Between 1911 and 1913 he designed and built a studio and house at Tarvaspää, about 10 km northwest of the centre of Helsinki.
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Akseli Gallen-Kallela


March 1895, he received a telegram that his daughter Impi Marjatta had died from diphtheria. This would prove to be a turning point in his work. While his works had previously been romantic, after his daughter's death Gallen-Kallela painted more aggressive works like "the Defense of the Sampo", "Joukahainen's Revenge", Kullervo Cursing and "Lemminkäinen's Mother". On his return from Germany, Gallen studied print-making and visited London to deepen his knowledge, and in 1898 studied fresco-painting in
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The Defense of the Sampo


The battle for the Sampo is also given a deeper connotation as a battle for the soul of Finland. When the painting was first exhibited, it received widespread attention and was considered to be Gallen-Kallela's finest work. Gallen-Kallela's vision of a warlike Väinämöinen was seen as a radical departure from the old, gray-bearded sage of older renditions. In the painting, Väinämöinen's long, flowing white hair and beard are dramatically contrasted by his strong, muscular body. The painting was originally commissioned by a
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The Defense of the Sampo


wealthy patron from Helsinki, Salomo Wuorio, for his dining room. According to Gallen-Kallela's notes, however, the deal was amicably dissolved when the patron's wife had an extremely negative reaction to the finished work. Afterwards, "The Defense of the Sampo" was purchased by the Turku Arts Association ("Turun taideyhdistys") for the previously unheard-of price of 4000 marks. Gallen-Kallela created a well-received fresco of the same painting for the Finnish gallery at the Paris World's fair 1900
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Corruption in Finland


budget is €800 million). On the Espoo board of directors, some Finns voted no confidence in Louko In a Parliamentary Ombudsman investigation released in May 2013, Maija Saxlin said that museum director Janne Gallen-Kallela-Sirén was biased in his position on the Guggenheim Helsinki Plan. According to Carl Gustaf Ehrnrooth, major owner of construction companies (including YIT and Pöyry), Gallen-Kallela-Sirén made the proposal for the Guggenheim museum; he was a board member of a company majority-owned by C–G
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Hugo Simberg


pupil of Akseli Gallen-Kallela at his wilderness studio Kalela in Ruovesi. He studied under Gallen-Kallela for three periods between 1895 and 1897. In 1896 Simberg went to London, and in 1897 to Paris and Italy. During these years he exhibited several works at the Finnish Artists' autumn exhibitions, including "Autumn, Frost", "The Devil Playing Music" and "Aunt Alexandra" (1898), which were well received. Critical success led to his being made a member of the Finnish Art Association and
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Akseli Gallen-Kallela


in Tyrvää. At the age of 11 he was sent to Helsinki to study at a grammar school, because his father opposed his ambition to become a painter. After his father's death in 1879, Gallen-Kallela attended drawing classes at the Finnish Art Society (1881–4) and studied privately under Adolf von Becker. In 1884 he moved to Paris, to study at the Académie Julian. In Paris he became friends with the Finnish painter Albert Edelfelt, the Norwegian painter Carl Dörnberger, and the Swedish writer August Strindberg.
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Appeal of Conscience Foundation


the Prime Minister of Australia, John Howard, at the 40th anniversary dinner of the Appeal of Conscience Foundation Sep 21, 2005 Jorma Ollila, Chairman and CEO, Nokia Acceptance of the Appeal of Conscience Award Jorma Ollila, Chairman and CEO, Nokia Appeal of Conscience Foundation 40th Annual Awards Dinner New York September 21, 2005 Sep 21, 2005 Peter G. Peterson, Chairman, Blackstone Group Honorable Peter G. Peterson, Chairman, Council on Foreign Relations, at the Appeal of Conscience Foundation 40th Anniversary Dinner September 21, 2005 Sep 20
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Order of the White Rose of Finland


by Gustaf Mannerheim in his capacity as regent (temporary head of state) on January 28, 1919. The name comes from the nine roses argent in the coat of arms of Finland. The order's rules and regulations were confirmed on May 16, 1919, and its present rules date from June 1, 1940. The revised scale of ranks was confirmed most recently in 1985. The original decorations were designed by Akseli Gallen-Kallela. The swastikas of the collar were replaced by fir crosses in 1963, designed by heraldic
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Louis Sparre


and Emil Wikström and took part in painting trips in Karelia with Kallela and Wikström. Sparre is often mentioned as a founder of the Karelianism movement, along with Akseli Gallen-Kallela. He moved to Finland in 1889, living there for almost two decades. In 1893, Sparre married Eva Mannerheim (1870-1958), an artist and the sister of Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim. In 1891, two of his works were exhibited at the Paris Salon. After the mid-1890s, Sparre reduced his work as a painter and instead
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Don Rosa


fans called; "Sammon Salaisuus" (translates to "The secret of the Sampo", but it is officially named "The Quest for Kalevala" in English), based on the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala. The publication of this story created a national sensation in Finland where Donald Duck and the Kalevala are important aspects of culture. It was published in many other countries as well. The cover for the comic book was a spoof of a famous painting by Akseli Gallen-Kallela. The latest work that Rosa
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Romantic nationalism


the Savior on Blood", the natural style to use was one that best evoked traditional Russian features ("illustration, left"). In Finland, the reassembly of the national epic, the "Kalevala," inspired paintings and murals in the National Romantic style that substituted there for the international Art Nouveau styles. The foremost proponent in Finland was Akseli Gallen-Kallela ("illustration, below right"). By the turn of the century, ethnic self-determination had become an assumption held as being progressive and
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Kullervo


is an eponymous 1892 choral symphony in five movements for full orchestra, two vocal soloists, and male choir by Jean Sibelius. It was opus 7 for Sibelius and his first successful work. "Kullervo's Curse" (1899) and "Kullervo Rides to War" (1901) are two paintings by Akseli Gallen-Kallela on the myth. In the "Jäger March (Jääkärin marssi)" by Jean Sibelius one of the lines reads: "Me nousemme kostona Kullervon", in English: "We shall rise as
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En saga


Nevertheless, the adventurous, evocative character of the music has encouraged many listeners to venture their own interpretations, among them a fantasy landscape (such as that by the Finnish painter Akseli Gallen-Kallela), a hunting expedition, a bard's storytelling, and the essence of Finnish people. Sibelius routinely declined to state a program, although in the 1930s, he conceded that, if one must find an inspiration, the tone poem owed its nature not to the "Kalevala", the national epic of Finland, but rather
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Vaasa


sessions in the Town Hall. To express its gratitude to the town the senate gave Vaasa the right to add the cross of freedom, independent Finland's oldest mark of honour designed by Akseli Gallen-Kallela, to its coat of arms. The coat of arms is unusual not only in this respect, but also because of its non-standard shape and that decorations and a crown are included. Because of its role in the civil war, Vaasa became known as "The White City". A Statue of Freedom,
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Kullervo Rides to War


Kullervo Rides to War () is a painting by Akseli Gallen-Kallela from the year 1901. He painted the subject in tempera painting (89 × 128 cm) and as a mural (355 × 687 cm) which is located in the music hall of Vanha ylioppilastalo of Helsinki University. The painting was donated to the Students' union by O. Donner. The theme for the painting is from the Kalevala, national epic of Finland. Kullervo sits on a white horse ready to ride to war, to take revenge on
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Republic of Uhtua


appointed a request to the Government of Finland. Later, however, the state was established as an independent state in alliance with Finland. On 21 March 1920, the Government convened a congress of representatives of 11 northern counties of concern to the Provisional Government of White Karelia. The congress was attended by 116 delegates. On the first day of the Congress, the issue of state symbols was addressed. On 29 March 1920, the symbols were finally approved. The author of the sketches was the Finnish artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela
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Väinämöinen


in general have been compared to Väinämöinen. In art (such as the accompanying picture by Akseli Gallen-Kallela), Väinämöinen is described as an old man with a long white beard, which is also a popular appearance for wizards in fantasy literature. In music, Finnish folk metal band Ensiferum wrote a pair of songs based on/about Väinämöinen, called "Old Man" and "Little Dreamer." There is also a direct reference to him in their song "One More Magic Potion", where they have written
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Kalevala


the "Finnish Culture Day". Several of the names in "The Kalevala" are also celebrated as Finnish name days. The name days themselves and the dates they fall upon have no direct relationship with "The Kalevala" itself; however, the adoption of the names became commonplace after the release of "The Kalevala". Several artists have been influenced by the "Kalevala", most notably Akseli Gallen-Kallela who has painted many pieces relating to the "Kalevala". Iittala group's Arabia brand kilned a series
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12 Gauge (Kalmah album)


from the swamp to fight a beast. Pekka explained the symbolism: "In Kalmah's mindset, there is Swamplord defending his marshlands against [the] monster created by common materialism, industrial pollution and [the] world-wide nausea of globalism." The layout was inspired by Akseli Gallen-Kallela's 1896 painting, "The Defense of the Sampo". Images used in the album artwork were photographed by Vesa Ranta at one of Finland's many swamps. The photo session was documented by Antti in a two-
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Sotkamo


"sotka" which was a general name for water birds in ancient Finnish and now designates the common goldeneye. During the 19th century Sotkamo was visited by notable Finnish artists such as Akseli Gallen-Kallela and Hugo Simberg. On November 17, 2007 first pictures of the Kern arc were made in the town of Sotkamo by Marko Mikkilä. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . Alasotkamo, Heinämäki, Halmetvaara, Jormaskylä, Juholankylä, Korholanmäki, Kontinjoki
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Kalevala Day


most significant works of Finnic literature. The Kalevala has inspired artworks of many famous artists, including – for instance – music of the Finnish classical composer Jean Sibelius and the illustrations of the Finnish painter Akseli Gallen-Kallela. The title "The Kalevala" can be interpreted as "The Land of Kaleva" or "Kalevia". The first version of The Kalevala, called "The Old Kalevala", was published in 1835. The later second version is the most commonly known version today. It was first published in 1849
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Pori


mostly wooden buildings and a population of 1,000 people. The island has a church, marina, hostel, camping site, several restaurants and a fishing port. Juselius Mausoleum at the Käppärä Cemetery was built in 1901 for the 11-year-old daughter of businessman Fritz Arthur Jusélius. It is the only mausoleum in Finland. The building is decorated with a frescoes by Akseli Gallen-Kallela who is one of Finland's most prominent painters. Kirjurinluoto is an island and park at the delta of river Kokemäenjoki by the city center. On
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Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century


has not disappeared in Finnish medals and decorations. The decorations of the Order of the Cross of Liberty, designed by Akseli Gallen-Kallela – who also designed the emblem of the Finnish Air Force and the Finnish flight mark in 1918 – bears a fylfot laid on a George's Cross. The President of Finland uses a Cross of Liberty in the personal flag. However, in the flag is only the Cross of Liberty of 3rd Class and overall, the highest Finnish decoration is the Grand Cross of the White Rose with Collar
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Flag of Finland


but it was criticized as being more suitable for a barber shop than a newly independent country. Akseli Gallen-Kallela proposed a similar cross flag, but with colors inverted (white cross on blue), but this was considered too similar to the Swedish flag and particularly the Greek flag of the time. Finally, artists Eero Snellman and Bruno Tuukkanen specified the final form of the flag. The state flag was further modified in 1922, when the coronet was removed, and again in 1978 when the shield-shaped coat of
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The Defense of the Sampo


The Defense of the Sampo ("Sammon puolustus") is an 1896 Romantic nationalist painting by Finnish painter Akseli Gallen-Kallela. The painting illustrates a passage from the Kalevala, the Finnish national epic compiled by Elias Lönnrot in the 19th century. The scene portrayed is taken from the 43rd song of the epic, where the hero Väinämöinen, seen wielding a sword, has stolen the precious artifact Sampo from the evil witch Louhi, and she, having taken the form of a giant bird, is trying to reclaim it.
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Swastika


swastika collar. Also a design by Gallen-Kallela from 1918, the Cross of Liberty has a swastika pattern in its arms. The Cross of Liberty is depicted in the upper left corner of the standard of the President of Finland. In December 2007, a silver replica of the World War II-period Finnish air defence's relief ring decorated with a swastika became available as a part of a charity campaign. The original war-time idea was that the public swap their precious metal rings for the state air defence's
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Carl Bengts


he also took private lessons from Victor Westerholm. He became a student assistant to Akseli Gallen-Kallela after 1899 and helped him to produce frescoes for the Finnish pavilion at the Exposition Universelle (1900). In addition to his paintings and drawings, he designed furniture, rugs, book covers and small buildings. Among the buildings he designed are a cabin and wooden storehouse in Lempäälä (1900); the "Villa Helkavuori" in Kauniainen (1907, designed together with the sculptor, ) and a residence for the ski manufacturer
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Order of the Cross of Liberty


administered by boards consisting of a chancellor, a vice-chancellor and at least four members. The orders of the White Rose of Finland and the Lion of Finland have a joint board. The Order of the Cross of Liberty was founded on March 4, 1918, upon the initiative of General C. G. E. Mannerheim. The Finnish artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela was commissioned to design the Order's insignia with the swastika. At its foundation there were seven classes: grand cross, cross of liberty (1st to 4th class)
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Kuhmo


Bag Bearer"). In this era, Elias Lönnrot, compiler of the Finnish National Epic "Kalevala" made his poem-collecting trips via Kuhmo to Karelia. Lönnrot made some of the editing in Kuhmo. Reconstruction of the hut where he has staying can be seen in the Kalevala village. Publishing "Kalevala" in 1835 fueled birth of Karelianism, which became a major trend in culture spheres towards the end of 19th century. Akseli Gallen-Kallela, who is considered as one of the founders of Karelianism, spent
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Symphony No. 8 (Sibelius)


in the "Surusoitto" music for organ, composed in 1931 for the funeral of Sibelius's friend Akseli Gallen-Kallela, a work that Aino Sibelius admitted might have been based on Eighth Symphony material: "Did the new symphony", asks Kilpeläinen, "thus also represent a modern sound unlike that of his previous style, with bleak, open tones and unresolved dissonances?" After the recording of the fragments, Storgårds could recognise the composer's late style, adding that "the harmonies are so wild and the music
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St. Gallen Symposium


since then been recruited by the ISC through the so-called Knowledge Pool. From 1979 until 2003 the Max Schmidheiny Foundation annually awarded its Freedom Prize during the symposium. The prestigious honourees include Kofi Annan, Nicolas Hayek, the International Committee of the Red Cross, Jorma Ollila and Muhammad Yunus. In 2003 the Max Schmidheiny Foundation decided to focus on other activities and abandoned the Freedom Prize. Since its establishment in 1969, the St. Gallen Symposium has been organised by the International Students’ Committee, an independent non-profit organisation
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Finland


in autonomic Finland. The best known of Finnish painters, Akseli Gallen-Kallela, started painting in a naturalist style, but moved to national romanticism. Finland's best-known sculptor of the twentieth century was Wäinö Aaltonen, remembered for his monumental busts and sculptures. Finns have made major contributions to handicrafts and industrial design: among the internationally renowned figures are Timo Sarpaneva, Tapio Wirkkala and Ilmari Tapiovaara. Finnish architecture is famous around the world, and has contributed significantly to several styles internationally, such as Jugendstil (or Art
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Independence of Finland


country with low resources and undeveloped communications. Elisabeth Järnefelt held the literary salon ”Järnefelts skola” (Järnefelt School), which became a center of the Fennoman movement. During the time 1880–1910 the golden age of Finnish art coincided with the national awakening. The central figure of the time was Akseli Gallen-Kallela. Other notable people were Aleksis Kivi and Albert Edelfelt. The fennoman motto was: The first period of Russification of Finland (Ensimmäinen sortokausi in Finnish) began in 1899 with the February manifesto of Nicholas II as Nikolay
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Juselius Mausoleum


white Italian marble and designed by architect Jarl Eklund. Fritz Arthur Jusélius himself is also buried in the mausoleum on its side wing. His two wives have their resting places outside the mausoleum. The Sigrid Juselius Foundation was established in 1930 to promote medical research in Finland. Juselius Mausoleum was built in 1901–1903. It was planned by Josef Stenbäck in the Gothic Revival style. The famous Finnish artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela painted the interior, including frescoes "Kevät" (Spring), "Rakennus" (Construction), "Tuonelan
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Guggenheim Helsinki Plan


a member of the Board of Directors of the Guggenheim Foundation, and Janne Gallen-Kallela-Sirén, director of the Helsinki City Art Museum and a chief exponent of the Guggenhiem plan, had conflicts of interest involving the plan and each other. In September 2013, the Guggenheim Foundation advanced a revised proposal that sought to address the concerns. Operating cost estimates were revised downwards, while revenues were forecast by the Foundation to increase. In 2014, the city board agreed to reserve a new site for a potential museum at Eteläsatama
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Guggenheim Helsinki Plan


and authorized the Foundation to hold an international architecture competition to design the potential museum. The competition drew a record 1,715 submissions, and six finalists were announced. In June 2015 the French-Japanese architecture firm Moreau Kusunoki Architectes was selected as the winner. In December 2016, the Helsinki city council rejected the plan. In 2009, then-Director of Helsinki City Art Museum, Janne Gallen-Kallela-Sirén, introduced to the city of Helsinki the idea to approach the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in New York regarding establishing a
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Eduard Ole


, particularly their expressionist dynamism of colour, have a definite influence of other Nordic artists, such as Edvard Munch, Ernst Josephson, and Akseli Gallen-Kallela. During the late 1960s and early 1970s Ole's style underwent a new and unexpected metamorphosis, returning to a cubist simplification of forms and gentle planes and motives, moving from landscape painting towards figurative compositions. These figures, almost naturalistic but simplified in a classical manner, attain a synthesis of Cubism-Naïvism. The result of this last change can be noticed on Ole
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Lake Keitele


2000 protection program due to its clear water and natural condition. A leading figure in modern Finnish painting, Akseli Gallen-Kallela first worked at Lake Keitele, in summer 1904. This Lake Keitele landscape is his third and most elaborate depiction of the lake, and he exhibited it in Helsinki that same year. The painting is signed with the Swedish form of the artist's name; in later years he used the Finnish form, as above, by which he is best known today. This painting now hangs in the National
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Pasteur's portrait by Edelfelt


Finnish painter, who lived in Paris. Edelfelt was one of the first Finnish artists to achieve international fame. He enjoyed considerable success in Paris and was one of the founders of the Realist art movement in Finland. He influenced several younger Finnish painters and helped fellow Finnish artists such as Akseli Gallen-Kallela and Gunnar Berndtson to make their breakthrough in Paris. One of his best known portraits is the painting made of Louis Pasteur depicting the scientist in his laboratory. This portrait of Louis Pasteur, by Albert Edelfelt, is a
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Ryijy


Akseli Gallen-Kallela designed ryijys, one of the most famous is "Liekki" ('Flame'). They are mainly used in homes but also in churches and other public places. Ryijys are available for purchase as both material sets and ready-made. Companies have both traditional and modern designs available. A traditional large size piece costs about 500-700 EUR for the materials and 4000-5000 EUR if ready-made. Second-hand ryijys are also available, often from art and antique auction houses.
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Oskar Kallis


Oskar Kallis (Tallinn, November 23, 1892 – Yalta, 1 January 1918) was an Estonian artist, one of the main representatives of the Estonian national romanticism. Kallas studied in 1907 and 1913 to 1916 in the studio of the artist Ants Laikmaa, and in 1912-1913 studied design at the Estonian Artist Society (Eesti Kunstiselts). He participated in 1917 in the establishment of the artistic association Vikerla. He was particularly influenced by the Finnish painter Akseli Gallen-Kallela, he devoted himself especially in his short career
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Culture of Finland


, and textiles as well the Finnish architecture. Finnish design combines local artistic themes with tools and materials adapted to demanding northern conditions. Many artists and architects, from Akseli Gallen-Kallela to Alvar Aalto, have designed furniture and tableware during their career. Forces, shapes, colors, and textures of the northern landscape and the human relationship to nature have strongly influenced also painting, sculpture, and other art forms. This is particularly evident in the representational romantic nationalism that blossomed at the end of the nineteenth century. Abstract art
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The Wood Nymph


first published in 1882, and in 1883 Sibelius's future friend, the artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela, illustrated it. In 1888 or 1889, about the time the two met, Sibelius first set "Skogsrået" for voice and piano. This setting is musically unrelated to Sibelius's 1894-95 treatment. While both tone poem and melodrama would emerge from this material, it is not clear which musical form Sibelius initially used to tackle Rydberg's poem. In the 1930s, the composer claimed he had first composed the melodrama
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Swastika


protocol, the president shall wear the Grand Cross of the White Rose with collar on formal occasions. The original design of the collar, decorated with 9 swastikas, dates from 1918 and was designed by the artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela. The Grand Cross with the swastika collar has been awarded 41 times to foreign heads of state. To avoid misunderstandings, the swastika decorations were replaced by fir crosses at the decision of president Urho Kekkonen in 1963 after it became known that the President of France Charles De Gaulle was uncomfortable with the
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Hilda Flodin


] promise of very considerable talent" and "some of her work recalls that of the best masters of the past." She returned to Finland in 1906, and in 1907 was the only woman artist participating in the first joint exhibition of graphic arts there; Akseli Gallen-Kallela and Hugo Simberg were among the other exhibitors. In 1910 she moved to Viipuri with her husband, the painter Juho Rissanen; they put together a joint exhibition that year which later travelled to Turku and Helsinki: he showed 60 paintings, while
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Lemminkäinen's Mother


Lemminkäinen's Mother ("Lemminkäisen äiti") is an 1897 Romantic nationalist painting by Finnish painter Akseli Gallen-Kallela. The painting illustrates a passage from the Kalevala, the Finnish national epic compiled by Elias Lönnrot in the 19th century. The painting illustrates a poem where hero Lemminkäinen has died and his mother has dredged the pieces of her son's lifeless body from the river of Tuonela and sewn them together again. She is shown with the body in pietà style, waiting for the bee, a messenger of the god Ukko
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Adolf Paul


bending her head over the neck of a man hiding his face in her lap. He is also portrayed in Finnish artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela’s "The Symposium", as the man who has fallen asleep on the table after a night of drinking. In the sketches preceding the final version, Paul is still awake, sitting at the table focusing his stare to the left of the viewer. Collaborating with Sibelius, Paul discovered he was better at composing plays and novels than music and after a concert in Helsinki in 1891
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Kuhmo


his honeymoon in Kuhmo. During their stay Gallen-Kallela painted some of his works at Lapinsalmi, lake Lentua. Scenery to lake Lentua based the background of the middle picture in his work Aino triptych. During the 19th century burn-beating was still essential in agriculture but in decline. At the end of 18th century tar production had arrived to the area as a new and steadily growing source of income. In the year 1900 tar production in Kuhmo was highest in Finland, at 1.6 million litres. Tar was shipped from
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Janne Sirén


Janne Sirén (born September 29, 1970, in Helsinki) is a Finnish art historian and the Peggy Pierce Elfvin Director of the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York. Before joining the Albright-Knox, Sirén served as Director and City of Helsinki Department Chief at the Helsinki Art Museum from 2007 to 2013. Prior to that, he served as Director of the Tampere Art Museum from 2004 to 2007. Sirén was born in Helsinki, Finland, the son of Aivi Gallen-Kallela and Matti Sirén.
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Jonas Heiska


degree in drawing. He briefly returned to his hometown, making sketches and paintings around the family farm, but eventually settled in Jyväskylä, where he set up a studio and gave drawing lessons to the young Alvar Aalto, who was studying at Heiska's old alma mater, the Lyceum. In 1918, he designed the first flag for the Republic of Karelia, but it was replaced in 1920 with one designed by Akseli Gallen-Kallela. His home was also a gathering place for local musicians. In 1920, he married
6972935
Monte Dolack


of the temporary forest, the two organizations exhibited a large number of Dolack works which featured forests. The exhibition, "The Art of Trees—A Forest Gallery", also includes displays of innovative wood products and artwork made of wood. It is not clear which artists have influenced Dolack's work. When he was a teenager, he says, he drew heavily on the work of Jackson Pollock. In 2002, Dolack said he had recently become intrigued by the work of Akseli Gallen-Kallela, a Finnish painter in
7154979
Don Rosa


making it look like Mickey Mouse. José Carioca and Panchito Pistoles, never having seen Mickey Mouse, ask Donald what is wrong, but Donald replies he is just tired. Later in the same story, the Caballeros free several animals from a poacher. One panel shows the animals fleeing; Mickey can be seen among them. In "The Quest for Kalevala" this running gag can be seen on the original, Akseli Gallen-Kallela-inspired cover art. In the original work, Louhi is depicted as bare-chested
8992007
Kolho


Kolho is a village in the city-municipality of Mänttä-Vilppula in Finland. During the Finnish Civil War, in winter 1918, the Finnish air force used Kolho as a base. Kolho has influenced a number of Finnish artists ranging from Eero Järnefelt, Akseli Gallen-Kallela to Pentti Saarikoski and also was the site of the worst church boat accident in Finnish history. Kolho played a role in the rise of the Finnish paper industry together with the neighbouring Mänttä community. More recently Kolho is known for its natural environment and
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Karelianism


its authenticity across centuries. The phenomenon can be interpreted as a Finnish version of European national romanticism. The painters Akseli Gallen-Kallela and Louis Sparre are usually mentioned as the founders of the movement. They were soon joined by the sculptor Emil Wikström, the writers Juhani Aho, Eino Leino and Ilmari Kianto, the composers Jean Sibelius and P.J. Hannikainen, the architects Yrjö Blomstedt and Victor Sucksdorff, and many others. Later, towards the Second World War, some of the ideas of Karelianism were taken over by an irredentist movement
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Finnish National Gallery


maintain and develop Finland's largest collection of art and the knowledge and research archives of their field. The Ateneum is a predominantly Finnish Art Museum with paintings by leading Finnish painters like Albert Edelfelt, Eero Järnefelt, Helene Schjerfbeck, Pekka Halonen, Hugo Simberg, Akseli Gallen-Kallela, and Fanny Churberg. The Sinebrychoff Art Museum has foreign paintings by painters such as Giovanni Boccati, Giovanni Castiglione, Govaert Flinck, Rembrandt, Jan Cook, Goyen, Carl Wilhelm de Hamilton, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Jurgen Ovens, Frans Wouters
12094170
Art Nouveau


The Jugendstil period coincided with Golden Age of Finnish Art and national awakening. After Paris Exposition in 1900 the leading Finnish artist was Akseli Gallen-Kallela. He is known for his illustrations of the Kalevala, the Finnish national epic, as well as for painting numerous Judendstil buildings in the Duchy. The architects of the Finnish pavilion at the Exposition were Herman Gesellius, Armas Lindgren, and Eliel Saarinen. They worked together from 1896 to 1905 and created many notable buildings in Helsinki including Pohjola Insurance building (1899–1901) and National Museum
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Carl Dørnberger


Johan Jacob Bennetter (1822-1904) in Christiania (now Oslo) at the age of seventeen. In 1883 he traveled to Paris where he studied under several artists including William-Adolphe Bouguereau of Académie Julian. He debuted at the Høstutstillingen in 1887, and had his first solo exhibition in 1900. That same year he married Lina Gurine Berg Isachen, and they had a daughter, Gro Franciska Dørnberger (born 1904). Dørnberger had many famous artists in his circle, including Edvard Munch and Akseli Gallen-Kallela,
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Adolf von Becker


He was appointed a Professor there in 1879. Meanwhile, in 1872, he had started his own private drawing school, probably to make nude models available to his students. He was known as a very strict teacher, so this may have also been a way to gain more control over the curriculum. Studies there were, however, interrupted by his frequent travels. Among his best-known students were Helene Schjerfbeck, Elin Danielson-Gambogi, Helena Westermarck and Akseli Gallen-Kallela. As the 19th-Century drew to
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Finnish nationalism


music and opera became vehicles for the expression of nationalism. Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) especially used traditional Finnish folk tunes as the basis of nationalistic compositions. Nationalist painters were for example Akseli Gallen-Kallela. Independent Finland used its postage stamps to help construct national narrative, a collective memory, and its self-image. Everyone used stamps routinely so it was an inexpensive way to reach the entire population with a popular heroic version of the national story. The stamps provided a simplified visual history of the evolution of the Finnish state
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Albert Edelfelt


of the first Finnish artists to achieve international fame. He enjoyed considerable success in Paris, including a gold medal at the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889. His painted portraits of many famous people, including Louis Pasteur, Aino Ackté, and the Russian imperial family. In Finland, he was one of the founders of the Realist art movement in Finland. He influenced several younger Finnish painters and helped fellow Finnish artists such as Akseli Gallen-Kallela and Gunnar Berndtson to make their breakthrough in Paris. Among his students was Léon Bakst
21822955
Eino Leino


in 1930s by his lover and colleague L. Onerva. In the dramatic story Onerva is also writing about her own life. Leino is held to be the first and most important shaper of national romanticism in Finnish literature. Actually, Leino coined the term "national neoromantism" by himself to characterize the works by talents of young Finland such as composer Jean Sibelius, painter Akseli Gallen-Kallela and architect Eliel Saarinen. Leino's style developed during his 35 years long career. In his early works, including his most famous collection Helkavirsiä
21914832
Adolf Paul


Adolf Georg Wiedersheim-Paul (6 January 1863 – 30 September 1943) was a Swedish writer of novels and plays. He lived most of his adult life in Berlin, Germany, where he was a friend of Swedish writer August Strindberg, Finnish composer Jean Sibelius, Norwegian painter Edvard Munch and Finnish artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela. Paul was born on January 6, 1863, on Bromö, an island in lake Vänern in Sweden. At that time his last name was Wiedesheim-Paul. The family name hailed from a
3098709
Margit Sandemo


In the adult age she has read significantly less, fearing subconscious plagiarizing. She says that she has got artistic influences also from the Kalevala motifed paintings of Akseli Gallen-Kallela and goblin motifed paintings of Gerhard Munthe. Other sources of inspiration have been classical music, such as the compositions of Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven as well as old Europeans folk stories. Besides these she is fond of "Star Wars" films, thriller film "The Silence of the Lambs" directed by Jonathan Demme and earliest episodes of TV
3358313
Art in Finland


at the Drawing School in the autumn of 1845. Painting was rising in Golden era of Finnish art in 1880s, when romantic nationalism was the spirit of art. Akseli Gallen-Kallela started in naturalism but moved to national romanticism. In 1950s the Finnish artists looked for foreign influence: first in Paris, then in United States but also in Stockholm, where modern art exhibitions were organized in Moderna museet. Abstract art made its breakthrough first in concrete art. Early concretists included Birger Carlstedt and Sam Vanni. When Vanni's monumental
3818183
Janne Sirén


He is the great-grandson of Akseli Gallen-Kallela, a painter whose work is considered to be extremely important to Finnish national identity. Sirén attended College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, where he majored in art history and took courses on philosophy and Italian language and culture. After obtaining his B.A. in 1993, he pursued an M.A. at the New York University Institute of Fine Arts. There he wrote two qualifying papers—one in his major field titled “Intersecting Paths in the History of Modern European Painting
5583744
Old Student House, Helsinki


be dismantled to give place for a new business house. On November 25, 1968, one day prior to the Student Union's centennial celebration, a large group of students occupied the Old Student House which was designated as the location of the festivities. Old Student House contains two famous Kalevala themed works of art, Akseli Gallen-Kallela's mural "Kullervo Rides to War" and Robert Wilhelm Ekman's painting "Song of Väinämöinen". Three choirs and one symphony orchestra rehearse in the Music Hall of Old Student House:
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Louis Sparre


for the Sveriges Riksbank. He spent his early childhood with the mother at Villa Teresita in Gravellona while his father was often on business trips. After having suffered an accident, her mother died when he was four years old. He then moved with his father in Paris prior to being sent to Sweden for school studies. He attended the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts prior to re-locating to Paris. Sparre was a student at Académie Julian in Paris from 1887–1890. He studied with Akseli Gallen-Kallela, Eero Järnefelt
11350531
Golden Age of Finnish Art


The Golden Age of Finnish Art coincided with the national awakening during the time 1880–1910. Themes during the period were often influenced by "Kalevala" and were visible in visual arts, literature, music and architecture of the time. Central figure of the time was Akseli Gallen-Kallela. Other notable figures were Pekka Halonen, Albert Edelfelt, Jean Sibelius, Eino Leino, Helene Schjerfbeck, Eero Järnefelt, Emil Wikström and Eliel Saarinen. Finnish art became known also in Europe at Paris 1900 World Fair, where Finnish pavilion was one
14334874
One Rank, One Pension


and 85 Indian Military Academy; and officers from the 14 Army Education Course; and twenty five officers and their families came from Jaipur. The movement continues to gain momentum, and perceptible increase in support and participation by former high-ranking officers of the armed forces, from Lt generals, Admirals, air marshals, Group Captains, and Colonels. Old veterans included Sep Ram Kishan, 93 years, Armoured Corp veteran of World War II; Sep Ram Bharose Yadav, 85 years, a blind veteran of 72 Medium Artillery;
8649907
Jorma Kaukonen


Jorma Ludwik Kaukonen, Jr. (; ; born December 23, 1940) is an American blues, folk, and rock guitarist. Kaukonen performed with Jefferson Airplane and still performs regularly on tour with Hot Tuna, which started as a side project with bassist Jack Casady, and as of early 2019 has continued for 50 years. "Rolling Stone" magazine ranked him #54 on its list of 100 Greatest Guitarists. Jorma Kaukonen was born in Washington, DC to Beatrice Love (née Levine) and Jorma Ludwig Kaukonen, Sr.
14486879
Hasse Walli


the obligatory military service. In spring 1966 Walli launched his professional musical career as guitarist when he started playing with Jormas, a band which was extremely popular not only in Finland but in the rest of Scandinavia too. During the seven months Hasse Walli spent in Jormas, they toured expansively Finland, Sweden and Denmark, Walli also appearing on the band's album and singles. Again, Jormas split too when its members had to join military service; Walli finding soon himself doing a brief stint in The Frankies of Johnny Liebkind.
2807956
Jorma Sarvanto


"Luftflotte" 1, as the commander of LeLv 24's 2nd division and later as the commander of TLeLv 35. Sarvanto would continue his military career, which led him to become the commander of the Flight School in Kauhava. In 1954 he became Finnish military attaché in London, a position he held for 3½ years before returning to his position at the Flight School. Sarvanto resigned from the air force in 1960, with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Before the war, Sarvanto married Eine Elisabet Artemo. They had four
7043652
Flight officer


. Flight officer was a United States Army Air Forces rank used during World War II, from 1942 to 1945; the rank being created on Sep 10, 1942 On 5 November 1942 military glider pilots were commissioned flight officers after the completion of their training. The new rank insignia was nicknamed "the blue pickle". The rank is equivalent to Warrant Officer Junior Grade (WOJG) which is today's Warrant Officer (NATO grade: W-1). Enlisted and aviation cadet trainees who successfully passed air qualification training were appointed as
18437829
St. Gallen Group


The St. Gallen Group was an informal group of high ranking like-minded reformist clerics in the Roman Catholic Church – described by the Bishop of St. Gallen, Ivo Fürer, who hosted the discussions, as a "Freundeskreis" ('a circle of friends') – who met annually in or near St. Gallen, Switzerland, in January, to freely exchange ideas about issues in their church. The group being informal, it had no official name. "Group of St. Gallen" is what some of its members called
16606336
University of St. Gallen


), the Law School (LS-HSG), the School of Economics and Political Science (SEPS-HSG), and the School of Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSS-HSG). Study programs are typically associated with a specific school but are taught jointly by faculty members from several schools. The Executive School of Management, Technology and Law (ES-HSG) plays a special role which has the status of an "Institut mit besonderen gesamtuniversitären Aufgaben" and which runs the MBA and executive education programs. The
168201
University of St. Gallen


The University of St. Gallen () is a research university located in St. Gallen, Switzerland. Established in 1898, it specialises in business administration, economics, law, and international affairs. It is known as HSG, an abbreviation of its former German name "Handels-Hochschule St. Gallen". In the fall of 2016 it had 8,337 students, of which 3,097 were master's students and 675 doctoral students. According to international rankings, the university is considered among the world's leading business schools. Although one of Switzerland
168192
St. Gallen


, an imperial reeve, who was not answerable to the abbot, was installed in the town. In 1207, Abbot Ulrich von Sax was granted the rank of Imperial Prince ("Reichsfürst") by Philip of Swabia, King of the Germans. As an ecclesiastical principality, the Abbey of St. Gallen was to constitute an important territorial state and a major regional power in northern Switzerland. The city of St. Gallen proper progressively freed itself from the rule of the abbot. Abbot Wilhelm von Montfort in 1291 granted special privileges to
16564948
Harris R. Oke


(Service) Battalion with the Royal Fusiliers, where he led a platoon in a counter-attack on river-craft that resulted in the surrender of two steamers and a gunboat, and saved the column a large number of casualties. For this service, he was awarded a Bar to the Military Cross. Oke relinquished his commission on completion of service with the Royal Scots Infantry on 11 December 1919, retaining the rank of lieutenant. Altogether, Oke was injured three times in combat (Aug 1917, Sep 1917, and
7078305
St. Gallen


business law. The Master in Management course was Ranked number 1 in 2014 by The Financial Times ahead of HEC Paris. It is comparatively small, with about 6,500 students enrolled at present, has both EQUIS and AACSB accreditations, and is a member of CEMS (Community of European Management Schools). The university maintains student and faculty exchange programs around the world. The University of St. Gallen is also famous for its high density of clubs. Particularly well known is the International Students’ Committee, which has organised the St. Gallen
16564984
St. Gallen


known for its business school, now named the University of St. Gallen (HSG). It was ranked as the top business school in Europe by Wirtschaftswoche, a weekly German business news magazine, and is highly ranked by several other sources. Recently, HSG has been building a reputation for Executive Education, with its International MBA recognised as one of Europe's leading programmes, and runs a PhD programme. HSG is a focused university that offers degrees in business and management, economics, political science and international relations as well as
16564983
Elmar Mäder


Elmar Theodor Mäder (born 28 July 1963) was the thirty-third and former Commandant of the Pontifical Swiss Guards. He held the rank of colonel in the Guards. Mäder was born in Niederuzwil, Switzerland, Europe. He grew up in Zuzwil in the canton of St. Gallen, one of five children of Theo and Katharina Mäder. He studied at the Hochschule in St. Gallen and at the University of Freiburg before entering the Swiss Army where he attained the rank of First Lieutenant in the Air Defense Troops. He entered
19986182
Sep Lambert


though, against Scotland in 1920 and against the Irish Military and Scotland in 1921. In all matches for Ireland, Sep Lambert scored 342 runs at an average of 20.12, with a top score of 60 not out against Oxford University in May 1902, his only half-century for Ireland and also his top first-class score. He took ten catches and no stumpings. Sep Lambert came from a cricketing family. His brother Bob was one of Ireland's finest cricketers, and his nephew Ham also played cricket for Ireland
17780530
Union Shield – 2011


Union Shield – 2011 () is a joint Russian-Belarusian military exercise, which took place from Sep 16 until Sep 22, 2011. Russian Defence Minister Anatoliy Serdyukov officially announced that the joint military exercise "Union Shield" is to take place in September 2011 after the meeting with his counterparts - Mykhailo Yezhel (the Ukrainian Defence Minister) and Yuri Zhadobin (the Defence Minister of the Republic of Belarus), which was held in Minsk, April, 2011. The concept for the exercise was being developed jointly by the
13327863
Syed Ata Hasnain


. His unique and innovative approach defined as "Playing Friend Not God" has been widely appreciated as the new HR management mantra across domains in and outside the military. On 7 Sep 2013, Lt Gen Syed Ata Hasnain was awarded his first civilian honor by the Capital Foundation Society of Delhi. He received the award from the Vice President of India, Mohammad Hamid Ansari. The award was for Military leadership of an exceptional order. On 9 Sep 2013, the General Officer spoke at the Global Town Hall organized by the US
12182118
National Museum of Finland


on experimentation and personal experience, and the tasks and assignments also point the way to exploring the permanent exhibitions of the museum. The museum's entrance hall ceiling has ceiling frescoes in the national epic Kalevala theme, painted by Akseli Gallén-Kallela, which can be seen without an entrance fee. The frescoes, painted in 1928, are based on the frescoes painted by Gallén-Kallela in the Finnish Pavilion of the Paris World Fair in 1900. The building of the National Museum was designed by architects Herman Gesellius, Armas Lindgren
12746644
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
557049
Abraham Halpern


in Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve from Sep. 24, 1942 to Nov. 30, 1945 in European, North Atlantic, and Pacific theatres. Rank on discharge: Petty Officer. Served in Royal Canadian Navy, 1953-1957, as follows: Medical Officer, R.C.N. Hospital, Esquimalt, BC, July to Nov., 1953. Medical Officer, H.M.C.S. "Cayuga", Nov., 1953 to Feb., 1955 - Far East (Korea). Medical Officer, R.C.N. Hospital, Cornwallis, NS, Apr., 1955 to Sep.,
12498700
Appenzell–St. Gallen–Trogen railway


). The last part in the village of Speicher, including the station, was not moved from the road until 1997. The steep section between Schülerhaus and Notkersegg offers a good view of the city of St. Gallen. Passengers can see the "Wenigerweiher" (a former millpond) at the Schwarzer Bären crossing loop and Lake Constance after the halt of Rank. Shortly after the high point of the line at the monument to the Battle of Vögelinsegg (part of the Appenzell Wars) the line changes from the left to the
12921532
University of St. Gallen


to renovate, reorganize and expand the university by 2011. With a budget of about 80m Swiss francs, buildings from the 1960s were renovated, and its infrastructure was updated. Following a recent investigation by the cantonal audit office, the University of St. Gallen has come under heavy criticism for the frivolous spending behaviour in some of its institutes. Representatives of the cantonal legislature have called for a change in the university's culture of accountability. *In 2016, CEMS refused to take part in the yearly FT Ranking. The program
168197
Jorma (album)


Jorma is the second solo album by Jorma Kaukonen of Hot Tuna and Jefferson Airplane. Hot Tuna had stopped touring in 1977 and Jack Casady had moved on to the band SVT. Bill Thompson and the staff that had managed Hot Tuna and still managed Jefferson Starship in 1979 continued to manage Kaukonen. David Kahne was hired to produce and the new solo album was released on RCA. The album consists entirely of Jorma's own vocals and his own electric and acoustic guitar work with many original songs written by Kaukonen. The last track
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