USA-42 [SEP] time of spacecraft launch
[{"answer": "18 August 1989", "provenance": [{"wikipedia_id": "36382707", "title": "USA-42", "start_paragraph_id": 2, "start_character": 0, "end_paragraph_id": 2, "end_character": 140, "bleu_score": 1.0, "meta": {}, "section": "Section::::Abstract."}]}]
Solar electric propulsion


Solar electric propulsion (SEP) typically refers to the combination of solar cells and an ion drive to propel a spacecraft through outer space. This technology has been exploited in a variety of spacecraft by the European Space Agency, the Japanese Space Agency, Indian Space Research Organisation and NASA. SEP is valued for its potential for a high specific impulse, thus allowing less mass for propellant to be launched with a spacecraft and it has been evaluated for mission to Mars. Solar electric propulsion combines solar panels on spacecraft and ion thrusters,
19663908
Launch window


point. It may be continuous (i.e. able to launch every second in the launch window) or may be a collection of discrete instantaneous points between the open and close. Launch windows and days are usually calculated in UTC and then converted to the local time of where the rocket and spacecraft operators are located (frequently multiple time zones for USA launches). For trips into largely arbitrary Earth orbits, no specific launch time is required. But if the spacecraft intends to rendezvous with an object already in orbit, the launch must
20951574
USA-212


the spacecraft would "demonstrate various experiments and allow satellite sensors, subsystems, components, and associated technology to be transported into space and back." USA-212 was launched on an Atlas V 501 rocket, tail number AV-012, from Space Launch Complex 41 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. The launch, which was conducted by United Launch Alliance, occurred at 23:52 UTC on 22 April 2010, placing the spacecraft into low Earth orbit for testing. The X-37B spacecraft was originally intended to be deployed from the payload bay
16103912
USA-214


USA-214, known before launch as Advanced Extremely High Frequency 1 or AEHF SV-1, is a military communications satellite operated by the United States Air Force. It is the first of four spacecraft to be launched as part of the Advanced Extremely High Frequency program, which will replace the earlier Milstar system. The USA-214 spacecraft was constructed by Lockheed Martin, and is based on the A2100 satellite bus. The spacecraft has a mass of and a design life of 14 years. It will be used to provide super high frequency and extremely high
10243609
USA-42


USA-42, also known as GPS II-3 and GPS SVN-16, was an American navigation satellite which formed part of the Global Positioning System. It was the third of nine Block II GPS satellites to be launched, which were the first operational GPS satellites to be placed into orbit. USA-42 was launched at 05:57:59 UTC on 18 August 1989, atop a Delta II carrier rocket, flight number D186, flying in the 6925 configuration. The launch took place from Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and placed USA-42 into
10653800
Boeing X-37


at Vandenberg AFB in June 2012. The spacecraft landed autonomously on 16 June 2012, having spent in space. The second flight of the first X-37B, OTV-3 was originally scheduled to launch on 25 October 2012 before being successfully launched from Cape Canaveral on 11 December 2012 at 18:03 UTC. Once in orbit, the spacecraft was designated USA-240. Landing occurred at Vandenberg AFB on 17 October 2014 at 16:24 UTC, after a total time in orbit of . The fourth X-37B mission, OTV-4, was codenamed AFSPC-5 and designated as USA-261 in
12510895
USA-202


USA 202, previously NRO Launch 26 or NROL-26, is a classified spacecraft which is operated by the United States National Reconnaissance Office. It is an Advanced Orion ELINT satellite. According to Aviation Week, it "fundamentally involves America's biggest, most secret and expensive military spacecraft on board the world's largest rocket." The combined cost of the spacecraft and launch vehicle has been estimated to be over US$2 billion. Amateur astronomer observations suspected the satellite was eavesdropping on Thuraya 2 and this was reported to be confirmed by documents
1211891
USA-214


frequency communications for the armed forces of the United States, as well as those of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Canada. USA-214 was launched by United Launch Alliance, using an Atlas V 531 carrier rocket flying from Space Launch Complex 41 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The launch occurred at 11:07 UTC on 14 August 2010, and resulted in the spacecraft being deployed successfully into a geosynchronous transfer orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , and 22.2° degrees inclination. The spacecraft was intended to manoeuvre
10243610
USA-211


USA-211, or Wideband Global Satcom 3 (WGS-3) is an American military communications satellite operated by the United States Air Force as part of the Wideband Global Satcom programme. Launched in 2009, it was the third WGS satellite, and final Block I spacecraft, to reach orbit. It is stationed at 12° west in Geostationary orbit. Built by Boeing, USA-211 is based on the BSS-702 satellite bus. It had a mass at launch of , and was expected to operate for fourteen years. The spacecraft is equipped with two
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USA-221


USA-221, also known as FalconSat-5, is an American military minisatellite, which was launched in 2010. The fifth FalconSat spacecraft to be launched, it carries four technology development and ionospheric research experiments. The satellite was constructed and is operated by the United States Air Force Academy. USA-221 is a spacecraft, measuring by by . It operates in a low Earth orbit with an apogee of , a perigee of , and 72 degrees of orbital inclination. The Space Plasma Characterization Source (SPCS) studies how a cold gas ammonia thruster and
9338479
USA-247


Architecture program, to replace the earlier Onyx spacecraft. USA-247 was launched by United Launch Alliance using an Atlas V carrier rocket flying in the 501 configuration, along with twelve CubeSats being carried as secondary payloads. Five of the CubeSats were a part of NASA ELaNa II manifest. Space Launch Complex 3E at the Vandenberg Air Force Base was used to conduct the launch, which took place at 07:14:30 UTC on 6 December 2013 (23:14 local time on 5 December). Identified as NRO Launch 39, it marked the forty-third
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HL-42 (spacecraft)


Atlas and Delta families would continue to launch American uncrewed spacecraft for some time to come; and the ESA ATV (launched on the European Ariane 5) would be ready to take over supplying cargo to the International Space Station three years before the Shuttle was retired. None of these vehicles, however, would be capable of ferrying crew to and from the ISS. Even though the problem of assuring post-Shuttle crew access to the ISS was now becoming more urgent, NASA did not revisit the Option 2 combination of a crewed
16832722
Progress M-10M


Progress M-10M (), identified by NASA as Progress 42 or 42P, is a Progress spacecraft which was launched on 27 April 2011 to resupply the International Space Station. It was the tenth Progress-M 11F615A60 spacecraft to be launched, and has the serial number 410. The spacecraft was manufactured by RKK Energia, and is operated by the Russian Federal Space Agency. On 29 April 2011 it arrived at the space station's Pirs Docking Compartment during Expedition 27. Progress M-10M lifted off from launch pad number 1 of
6532566
GOES-16


any damage. However, the tipping of a ground system rail van housing the spacecraft and the discovery of a booster fault on the Atlas V rocket—the same issue that had prevented the launch of "WorldView-4" earlier in 2016—resulted in another delay of the launch window to 19 November 2016. On 18 November 2016, the mated GOES-R spacecraft and the Atlas V launch vehicle were moved to the launch pad at Space Launch Complex 41. "GOES-R" was launched on 19 November 2016 at 23:42 UTC (
1358344
HL-42 (spacecraft)


To deal with a "catastrophic event" in the next few minutes of flight, there would be an option to fit the launch adapter (between the rear of the HL-42 and the top of the launcher second stage) with larger solid rocket motors, to provide a boost-back and a Return To Launch Site (RTLS) intact abort. If the accident happened beyond RTLS range, the LES would push the HL-42 clear and be jettisoned, and the HL-42 itself would glide back into the lower atmosphere. If no suitable
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USA-213


of service. USA-213 is a spacecraft, which is expected to remain in service for at least twelve years. In addition to broadcasting the same signals as previous satellites, it will also broadcast the L5 signal, and a military signal known as M-code. Its signal accuracy is expected to be twice that of its predecessors. It is the sixty-first GPS satellite to be launched, and the fiftieth Block II spacecraft. GPS IIF spacecraft are built by Boeing, under a contract which was originally signed in 1996.
12608111
HL-42 (spacecraft)


systems were only powered up during launch, re-entry and landing, and were designed to supply a lot of power for a short time. They could also cope with spikes in demand for up to three times normal power, lasting one or two seconds (for example, when rapidly moving all the control surfaces while also lowering the wheels). However, in the following decades some spacecraft engineers had come to regard hydraulic power as unnecessarily complex, unreliable, and hard to maintain. Even Team 1 in their list of
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USS Hanover (APA-116)


Mar 31 Pascagoula, Mississippi USA 1945 APR 11 New Orleans, Louisiana USA 1945 MAY 01 Galveston, Texas USA 1945 MAY 06 Gulfport, Mississippi USA 1945 MAY 11 Canal Zone, Panama, USA 1945 JUN 01 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, USA 1945 JUL 01 Portland, Oregon, USA 1945 JUL 17 Eniwetok, Marshall Islands, USA 1945 SEP 09 Okinawa 1945 SEP 11 Jinsen, Korea 1945 SEP 26 Nago Nan Bay, Okinawa 1945 OCT 03 Taku, China 1945 OCT 05 Taku, China 1945 OCT 16 Manila, Philippines 1945
1586987
USA-215


USA-215, also known as NRO Launch 41 or NROL-41, is an American reconnaissance satellite, operated by the National Reconnaissance Office. Launched in 2010, it has been identified as the first in a new series of radar imaging satellites, developed as part of the Future Imagery Architecture programme, to replace the earlier Lacrosse spacecraft. USA-215 was launched by an Atlas V carrier rocket, flying in the 501 configuration, operated by United Launch Alliance. The rocket was launched from Space Launch Complex 3E at the Vandenberg Air Force Base, at
14082117
Progress (spacecraft)


upgrades are reflected in the change of name. There were 42 spacecraft built using the initial Progress design, the last one being launched in May 1990. The bureau in charge of designing the freighter was TsKBEM (now RKK Energia). They began work on the design in mid-1973, assigning Progress the GRAU index 11F615A15. The design was complete by February 1974, and the first production model was ready for launch in November 1977. Progress 1 launched on 20 January 1978 aboard the same rocket used to launch the Soyuz. It
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USA-184


USA-184, also known as NRO Launch 22 or NROL-22, is an American signals intelligence satellite, operated by the National Reconnaissance Office. Launched in 2006, it has been identified as the first in a new series of satellites which are replacing the earlier Trumpet spacecraft. USA-184 was launched by Boeing, using a Delta IV carrier rocket flying in the Medium+(4,2) configuration. The rocket was the first Delta IV to launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base, flying from Space Launch Complex 6, a launch pad originally constructed as part of abandoned
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Progress M1-4


Progress M1-4, identified by NASA as Progress 2 or 2P, was a Progress spacecraft used to resupply the International Space Station. It was a Progress-M1 11F615A55 spacecraft, with the serial number 253. Progress M1-4 was launched by a Soyuz-U carrier rocket from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Launch occurred at 01:32:36 GMT on 16 November 2000. The spacecraft docked with the Nadir port of the "Zarya" module at 03:47:42 GMT on 18 November. The Kurs docking system failed during docking,
4720166
Progress M1-3


Progress M1-3, identified by NASA as Progress 1 or 1P, was the first Progress spacecraft to visit the International Space Station. It was a Progress-M1 11F615A55 spacecraft, with the serial number 251. Progress M1-3 was launched by a Soyuz-U carrier rocket from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Launch occurred at 16:26:42 GMT on 6 August 2000. The spacecraft docked with the Aft port of the "Zvezda" module at 20:12:56 GMT on 8 August. It remained docked for three months before undocking
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USA-213


start of a nineteen-minute launch window. It was originally scheduled to occur in 2006, however program and engineering delays resulted in it slipping to 2010. The first launch attempt was made on 21 May 2010, during a launch window opening at 03:25 UTC and closing at 03:43. A problem with spacecraft telemetry was detected, but resolved in time for an attempt to be made at the end of the window, however it recurred during the last minutes of the countdown. With no launch window remaining, the launch was scrubbed
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Kosmos 124


Kosmos 124 ( meaning "Cosmos 124") or Zenit-2 No.42 was a Soviet optical film-return reconnaissance satellite launched in 1966. A Zenit-2 spacecraft, Kosmos 124 was the fortieth of eighty-one such satellites to be launched and had a mass of . Kosmos 124 was launched by a Voskhod rocket with serial number N15001-14, flying from Site 31/6 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. The launch took place at 10:33 UTC on 14 July 1966, and following its successful arrival in orbit the spacecraft received its Kosmos designation; along
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Spacecraft


only for crewed spaceflight, and these are often called spaceplanes. The first example of such was the North American X-15 spaceplane, which conducted two crewed flights which reached an altitude of over 100 km in the 1960s. The first reusable spacecraft, the X-15, was air-launched on a suborbital trajectory on July 19, 1963. The first partially reusable orbital spacecraft, a winged non-capsule, the Space Shuttle, was launched by the USA on the 20th anniversary of Yuri Gagarin's flight, on April 12, 1981
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Progress M-54


Progress M-54 (), identified by NASA as Progress 19 or 19P, was a Progress spacecraft used to resupply the International Space Station. It was a Progress-M 11F615A55 spacecraft, with the serial number 354. Progress M-54 was launched by a Soyuz-U carrier rocket from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Launch occurred at 13:07:54 GMT on 8 September 2005. The spacecraft docked with the Aft port of the "Zvezda" module at 14:42:03 GMT on 10 September. It remained docked for six months before undocking at 10:06:10
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USA-226


launch was conducted by United Launch Alliance. The X-37B spacecraft was originally intended to be deployed from the payload bay of a NASA Space Shuttle, but following the "Columbia" accident, it was transferred to a Delta II 7920, then subsequently transferred to the Atlas V following concerns over the X-37B's aerodynamic properties during launch. Prior to the installation of the spacecraft, the Atlas rocket was moved to the launch pad and performed a wet dress rehearsal on 4 February 2011. It was returned to the Vertical Integration Facility the following
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List of USA satellites


This is a list of satellites and spacecraft which have been given USA designations by the United States Air Force. These designations have been applied to most US military satellites since 1984, and replaced the earlier OPS designation. It is comparable to the Soviet/Russian Kosmos designation. , USA designations have been assigned to 290 space missions. Note that there is not always a one-to-one mapping between launch vehicles and mission spacecraft. This can occasionally result in gaps when maintaining records that incorrectly make that assumption, such as
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Ariane flight VA243


SSL's and Intelsat's spacecraft to be launched by Arianespace. The Arianespace launch of took place on at 22:38:00UTC (19:38:00 local time) from Ariane Launch Complex No. 3 (ELA 3) in Kourou, French Guiana. It took place after launch VA244 after being postponed due to the unavailability of the GSAT-11 satellite, initially foreseen on board the flight. The mission was planned to last 42 minutes and 17 seconds, placing the both satellites into geostationary transfer orbits with a perigee altitude of about and apogee of and an inclination
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USA-223


USA-223, known before launch as NRO Launch 32 (NRO L-32), is an American reconnaissance satellite which was launched in 2010. It is operated by the United States National Reconnaissance Office. It presently holds the record for being the largest spy satellite ever launched. Whilst details of its mission are officially classified, amateur observers have identified USA-223 as an Orion satellite; the seventh in the Magnum/Orion series. Orion spacecraft are used for electronic signals intelligence, and carry large antennas to enable them to intercept radio transmissions. These
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USA-245


USA-245 or NRO Launch 65 (NROL-65) is an American reconnaissance satellite which is operated by the National Reconnaissance Office. Launched in August 2013, it is the last KH-11 reconnaissance satellite, and the last spacecraft to be launched in the Keyhole program. Details of USA-245's mission are classified by the US military, however numerous independent analysts identified it as a KH-11 before launch, and amateur satellite watchers have since observed it in the orbit used by such satellites. KH-11 satellites are used to provide high-resolution optical and infrared imagery
21491850
USA-224


USA-224, also known as NRO Launch 49 (NRO L-49), is an American reconnaissance satellite which was launched in 2011. It is a KH-11 optical imaging satellite, the fifteenth such spacecraft to be launched, and intended as a replacement of the USA-161 satellite launched in 2001. After the failure of the Boeing led Future Imagery Architecture program in 2005, NRO ordered two additional legacy hardware KH-11s. Critics of the decision voiced concerns that each "exquisite-class" satellite would cost more than the latest Nimitz class aircraft carrier (
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HL-42 (spacecraft)


meant that the cargo-only hardware (ATV, PLM, ULC) did not need to be human-rated, making the whole system cheaper. Being much smaller than the Shuttle, the HL-42 could be mounted on top of its launcher, so on the pad and for the first minute of flight a simple launch escape system (LES) could "provide a high-thrust impulse to rapidly distance the HL-42 from a catastrophic booster event" and allow it to glide back to a runway near the launch-pad.
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USA-243


USA-243, also known as WGS-5, is an American military communications satellite. It was the fifth satellite to be launched as part of the Wideband Global SATCOM program, and the second Block II spacecraft. Constructed by Boeing, USA-243 is based on the BSS-702HP satellite bus. It had a mass at liftoff of , and a design life of 14 years. Its two solar panels generate upwards of 11 kilowatts of power. The spacecraft is equipped with X and Ka-band transponders. An R-4D bipropellant rocket motor and four XIPS-25 ion
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USA-227


USA-227, known before launch as NRO Launch 27 (NROL-27), is an American communications satellite which was launched in 2011. It is operated by the United States National Reconnaissance Office. Whilst details of its mission are officially classified, amateur observers have identified USA-227 as being a third-generation Satellite Data System satellite in geosynchronous orbit. The first amateur observation of the satellite was made on 6 April 2011, when the spacecraft was located at a longitude of 30.4 degrees west. SDS satellites are used to relay data from American reconnaissance
5845151
United States hydrogen policy


programs. Each states energy office gets SEP funding and manages all SEP funded projects. For more information about the SEP, including project descriptions, visit the SEP website. Clean Ports USA is an incentive-based program designed to help reduce emissions by encouraging port authorities to redesign and replace older diesel engines with new technologies and cleaner fuels. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Clean Diesel Campaign offers funding to port authorities to help them overcome the obstacles that prevent the adoption of cleaner diesel technologies. Clean Construction USA promotes the reduction
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ESSA-6


ESSA-6 (or TOS-D) was a spin-stabilized operational meteorological satellite. Its name was derived from that of its oversight agency, the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA). ESSA-6 was launched on November 10, 1967 at 18:00 UTC. It was launched atop a Delta rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, USA. The spacecraft had a mass of at the time of launch. ESSA-6 had an inclination of 102.12°, and an orbited the earth once every 114.8 minutes. Its perigee was and its
16437720
ESSA-7


ESSA-7 (or TOS-E) was a spin-stabilized operational meteorological satellite. Its name was derived from that of its oversight agency, the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA). ESSA-7 was launched on August 16, 1968 at 11:31 UTC. It was launched atop a Delta rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, USA. The spacecraft had a mass of at the time of launch. ESSA-7 had an inclination of 101.72°, and an orbited the earth once every 114.9 minutes. Its perigee was and its
16437723
Progress 7K-TG


carrier rockets. Progress 20 and all of the Mir flights used the more powerful Soyuz-U2 carrier rocket. The last spacecraft, Progress 42, was launched on 5 May 1990. It was deorbited on 27 May, breaking up in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean at around 12:27 GMT. Some Progress 7K-TG launches used the payload fairing developed for the Soyuz spacecraft, including the escape tower, but with the motors in the tower removed, and no stabilisers on the sides of the fairing. Officially this was done
2267614
Nimbus 4


Nimbus 4 (also called Nimbus D) was a meteorological satellite. It was the fourth in a series of the Nimbus program. Nimbus 4 was launched on April 8, 1970, by a Thor-Agena rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Lompoc, CA. The spacecraft functioned nominally until 30 Sep 1980. The satellite orbited the Earth once every 1 hour and 47 minutes, at an inclination of 80°. Its perigee was and apogee was . Nimbus 4, the fourth in a series of second-generation meteorological
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USA-195


USA-195, or Wideband Global Satcom 1 (WGS-1) is an American military communications satellite operated by the United States Air Force as part of the Wideband Global Satcom programme. Launched in 2007, it was the first WGS satellite to reach orbit. It is stationed at a longitude of 174.8° east. Built by Boeing, USA-195 is based on the BSS-702 satellite bus. It had a mass at launch of , and was expected to operate for fourteen years. The spacecraft is equipped with two solar arrays to generate power for its
1178541
USA-244


at launch of , and was expected to operate for fourteen years. The spacecraft is equipped with two solar arrays to generate power for its communications payload, which consists of cross-band X and Ka band transponders. Propulsion is provided by an R-4D-15 apogee motor, with four XIPS-25 ion engines for stationkeeping. USA-244 was launched by United Launch Alliance, who placed it into orbit using a Delta IV Medium+(5,4) rocket, flight number D363. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 37B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station,
11317920
HL-42 (spacecraft)


would be used for cargo launches using the ATV. For Shuttle ground operations the ratio of support staff to those who actually worked on the vehicle (the "nontouch-to-touch" ratio) was six-to-one. For the HL-42, Team 2 hoped to reduce this to three-to-one, a ratio more typical of commercial airlines, thus halving not just salaries but also accommodation costs. KSC would handle all the launches, handing over to a small (10–12 consoles) mission control room at
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HL-42 (spacecraft)


Launch System and Orion (which would be designed primarily for travel beyond LEO, though if necessary it could also be used in a Soyuz role to support the ISS). Now that there was no prospect of a dramatic NASA-funded breakthrough cutting launch costs by one (or even two) orders of magnitude, the way was open for commercial ventures to develop the more conventional ideas that NASA had dismissed for a decade as 'not cutting-edge enough', among them the HL-20 and HL-42. Now an idea that
16832735
2007 in spaceflight


in the Centaur upper stage, resulting in a premature cutoff at the end of its second burn. This resulted in the USA-194 satellites being delivered into a lower orbit than planned. The spacecraft were able to correct the orbit using their manoeuvring engines. The fifth GSLV was launched on 2 September, with the INSAT-4CR satellite. This was the first GSLV launch since the failure in July 2006. The rocket underperformed, and placed the satellite into an orbit with a lower apogee and greater inclination than planned. This required the spacecraft to
6091478
USA-212


Based on data collected by amateur observers, the following orbital characteristics were calculated by amateur skywatcher Ted Molczan. After completing its mission, the X-37B was deorbited, entered the atmosphere, and landed at Vandenberg Air Force Base on 3 December 2010. The X-37B is the second reusable spacecraft to perform an automated landing after returning from orbit, the first being the Soviet Buran spacecraft in 1988. As the mission of USA-212 and the X-37B program are classified, public commentary on the program is speculation. James Oberg speculated that the concurrent launch
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HL-42 (spacecraft)


3, on the other hand, would lower launch costs so dramatically that U.S. industry could underprice all competitors. The U.S. would likely capture, and once again dominate, the international satellite launch market for a considerable period of time, utilizing these unique advanced technology vehicles." Option 3 was recognised as presenting "moderate to high technical risk", but this "was felt to be manageable due to the 4 to 5 year technology maturation phase which would develop and demonstrate the needed technologies to at least a level 6 technology readiness
16832668
HL-42 (spacecraft)


power supply systems." Electronic hardware had advanced tremendously in the two decades since the Shuttle had first been planned, and the HL-42 was designed to make maximum use of these advances. It would be able to check itself out on the launch-pad, and then fly an entire mission autonomously, navigating by GPS and continuously monitoring its own health. "Significant portions of mission operations will be accomplished through the use of automatic systems. Launch, ascent, on-orbit operations, entry, and landing are automated and require
16832707
USA-273


USA-273, also known as SBIRS-GEO 3, is an American military satellite and part of the Space-Based Infrared System. It was launched on January 21, 2017 from Cape Canaveral, atop an Atlas V rocket. The SBIRS satellites are a replacement for the Defense Support Program early warning system. They are intended to detect ballistic missile launches, as well as various other events in the infrared spectrum, including nuclear explosions, aircraft flights, space object entries and reentries, wildfires and spacecraft launches. SBIRS-GEO 3
10238907
USA-241


USA-241, also known as SBIRS-GEO 2, is an American military satellite and part of the Space-Based Infrared System. It was launched on March 19, 2013 from Cape Canaveral, atop an Atlas V rocket. The SBIRS satellites are a replacement for the Defense Support Program early warning system. They are intended to detect ballistic missile launches, as well as various other events in the infrared spectrum, including nuclear explosions, aircraft flights, space object entries and reentries, wildfires and spacecraft launches. SBIRS-GEO 2
14663261
USA-230


USA-230, also known as SBIRS-GEO 1, is an American military satellite and part of the Space-Based Infrared System. It was launched on May 7, 2011 from Cape Canaveral, atop an Atlas V rocket. The SBIRS satellites are a replacement for the Defense Support Program early warning system. They are intended to detect ballistic missile launches, as well as various other events in the infrared spectrum, including nuclear explosions, aircraft flights, space object entries and reentries, wildfires and spacecraft launches. SBIRS-GEO 1
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USA-282


USA-282, also known as SBIRS-GEO 4, is an American military satellite and part of the Space-Based Infrared System. It was launched on January 20, 2018 from Cape Canaveral, atop an Atlas V rocket. The SBIRS satellites are a replacement for the Defense Support Program early warning system. They are intended to detect ballistic missile launches, as well as various other events in the infrared spectrum, including nuclear explosions, aircraft flights, space object entries and reentries, wildfires and spacecraft launches. SBIRS-GEO 4
20292143
The Lover (2016 film)


Festival, LA, USA., Aug 2016 7 - Feel the Reel International Film Festival, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Sep 2016 6 - 17th Woodstock Museum International Film Festival, in Woodstock, NY, USA, Sep 2016 5 - IndieWise Virtual International Film Festival, Miami, Florida, USA, Sept 2016 4 - Indigo Moon International Film Festival, Fayetteville, NC, USA, Oct 7-9, 2016 3 - Davis International Film Festival, Davice, California, USA, October 2016 2 - 10th El Ojo Cojo
11870171
Boeing X-37


7 May 2017 shortly before 12:00 UTC. The fifth X-37B mission, designated USA-277 in orbit, was launched on 7 September 2017 at 14:00 UTC, just before the arrival of Hurricane Irma. The launch vehicle was a Falcon 9 rocket flying from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A, and number of small satellites also shared the ride. The spacecraft was inserted at a higher inclination orbit than previous missions, further expanding the X-37B's envelope. During the flight, the spacecraft modified its orbit, using an on-board propulsion system
12510897
Mars Climate Orbiter


17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, aboard a Delta II 7425 launch vehicle. The complete burn sequence lasted 42 minutes bringing the spacecraft into a Hohmann transfer orbit, sending the probe into a 9.5 months, 669 million kilometer trajectory. At launch, "Mars Climate Orbiter" weighed 638 kilograms (1,418 pounds) including propellant. "Mars Climate Orbiter" began the planned orbital insertion maneuver on September 23, 1999 at 09:00:46 UTC. "Mars Climate Orbiter" went out of radio contact when the spacecraft passed
12743776
Soyuz TMA-16M


Soyuz TMA-16M was a 2015 flight to the International Space Station. It transported three members of the Expedition 43 crew to the Station. TMA-16M was the 125th flight of a Soyuz spacecraft, the first having launched in 1967. Scott Kelly and Mikhail Korniyenko performed the first one-year stay at the Space Station, returning in Soyuz TMA-18M. Soyuz TMA-16M was launched successfully aboard a Soyuz-FG rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 19:42 UTC on Friday, 27 March 2015. The spacecraft reached low Earth orbit approximately
19337801
HL-42 (spacecraft)


The HL-42 was a proposed scaled-up version of the HL-20 re-usable crewed spaceplane design, which had been developed from 1983 to 1991 at NASA's Langley Research Center but never flown. Like the HL-20 ("Horizontal Lander 20"), the HL-42 would have been launched into low earth orbit mounted on top of a two-stage expendable rocket. At the end of the mission it would have re-entered and glided to a runway landing. The HL-42 was suggested as one possible successor to the Space Shuttle
16832657
Soyuz TMA-2


Soyuz TMA-2 was a Soyuz (Russian Союз ТМА-2, "Union TMA-2") mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle. The spacecraft docked with the ISS 2003-04-28 and undocked 2003-10-27.Soyuz TMA-2 was the second flight for the "TMA" modification of the Soyuz spacecraft, and the 6th Soyuz to fly to the ISS. The commander is Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko (Russia), and flight engineer Edward Tsang Lu (USA), and after docking with
3026197
Apollo (spacecraft)


the S-IVB stage could leave the crew stranded in orbit, the separation system used multiple signal paths, multiple detonators and multiple explosive charges where the detonation of one charge would set off another even if the detonator on that charge failed to function. Once in space, the astronauts pressed the 'CSM/LV Sep' button on the control panel to separate the CSM from the launch vehicle. Detonating cord was ignited around the flange between the SM and SLA, and along the joints between the four SLA panels, releasing
18788495
Fuji (spacecraft)


Fuji () was a crewed spacecraft of the space capsule kind, proposed by Japan's National Space Development Agency (NASDA) Advanced mission Research center in December 2001. The Fuji design was ultimately not adopted. In Japan, human spaceflight prior to 2001 had depended on the USA Space Shuttle program, and independent development of spacecraft was not adopted as a short to mid-term goal. Instead, NASDA chose to recommend use of Reusable launch systems with wings such as the US Space Shuttle and HOPE. However, after the
2806833
USA-205


USA-205, also known as Space Tracking and Surveillance System Advanced Technology Risk Reduction (STSS-ATRR), and previously as Block 2010 Spacecraft Risk Reduction is a satellite formerly operated by the United States Missile Defense Agency. It was launched to demonstrate new technology for missile detection early warning systems. The technology demonstrated on STSS-ATRR will be used in the development of the Space Tracking and Surveillance System part of the Space-Based Infrared System. It was launched on a Delta II 7920-10C rocket from Space Launch Complex 2W
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USA-233


USA-233 or WGS-4 is an American military communications satellite which was launched in 2012. The fourth Wideband Global SATCOM spacecraft, it is the first WGS Block II satellite to be launched. USA-233 can transmit data with approximately 3.6 gigabits per second bandwidth. It can point 19 individual beams at different points on the Earth, operating at x band and ka band frequencies. Built by Boeing around the BSS-702 bus, the satellite is expected to operate for 14 years. Propulsion is provided by an R-4D apogee motor, and four XIPS-25 ion thrusters
19938661
Tiangong-1


first docking was entirely computer-controlled, without input from the three astronauts; a second, crew-guided docking was successfully conducted on 24 June 2012 at 12:42 Beijing time. Shenzhou 9 landed safely in Inner Mongolia on 29 June 2012. In August 2012, Shenzhou 9's crew travelled to Hong Kong to discuss their mission with university students. The manned Shenzhou 10 spacecraft, the final Shenzhou mission to rendezvous with Tiangong-1 before its deorbit, was launched on 11 June 2013. The launch of Shenzhou 10 was originally planned for
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Indian Space Research Organisation


which recommended the budget, an uncrewed flight will be launched after sevenyears from the final approval and a crewed mission will be launched after 7 years of funding. If realised in the stated time-frame, India will become the fourth nation, after the USSR, USA and China, to successfully carry out crewed missions indigenously. Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, announced in his Independence Day address of August 15, 2018 that India will send astronauts into space by 2022 on the new "Gaganyaan" spacecraft. After the
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Spacecraft


, which is the height required by the international organization Fédération Aéronautique Internationale to count as a spaceflight. This altitude is called the Kármán line. In particular, in the 1940s there were several test launches of the V-2 rocket, some of which reached altitudes well over 100 km. As of 2016, only three nations have flown crewed spacecraft: USSR/Russia, USA, and China. The first crewed spacecraft was Vostok 1, which carried Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin into space in 1961, and completed a full Earth orbit.
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USA-204


USA-204, or Wideband Global Satcom 2 (WGS-2) is an American military communications satellite which is operated by the United States Air Force as part of the Wideband Global Satcom programme. Launched in 2009, it was the second WGS satellite to reach orbit, and operates in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 60° east. Built by Boeing, WGS-2 is based on the BSS-702 satellite bus. It had a mass at launch of , and was expected to operate for at least fourteen years. The spacecraft is equipped with two solar
11317902
2011 Scottish Conservative Party leadership election


to the UK Conservative Party. This prompts mixed reactions from senior party figures. 4 Sep – Ruth Davidson formally announces that she will stand in the contest. 5 Sep – Murdo Fraser launches his campaign in Edinburgh. 8 Sep – Ruth Davidson launches her campaign in Edinburgh. 11 Sep – Lord Forsyth, at one point a suggested leadership candidate, declares his backing for Ruth Davidson. 23 Sep – Nominations for leadership close. Margaret Mitchell confirms she will stand in the election. 2 Oct – David Mundell MP declares his backing
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USA-229


spacecraft had been discontinued. Whilst details of the satellites and their missions are officially classified, amateur observers have identified that the Atlas V deployed two satellites, one of which has officially been catalogued as debris. The two spacecraft have been identified as being a pair of third or fourth generation Naval Ocean Surveillance System satellites. Amateur observations have located the spacecraft in an orbit with a perigee of and an apogee of , inclined at 64.4 degrees to the plane of the equator. Current generation NOSS satellites are always launched and operated in pairs
5845319
Dragon Spacecraft Qualification Unit


. On March 13, 2010, the first stage engines successfully underwent a 3.5 second static test firing, having failed a previous attempt the day before. SpaceX announced in September 2009 that the Dragon Spacecraft Qualification Unit would be the payload for the first Falcon 9 launch. At the time, launch was scheduled to occur no earlier than November 2009. The launch date had been delayed several times for various reasons, The spacecraft was launched and entered orbit on June 4, 2010. The first actual launch attempt targeted a four-
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USA-207


USA-207, international COSPAR code 2009-047A, also known as PAN, officially meaning "Palladium At Night", or P360 is a classified American SIGINT satellite, which was launched in September 2009. The US government has not confirmed which of its intelligence agencies operate the satellite. The spacecraft was constructed by Lockheed Martin, and is based on the A2100 satellite bus, using commercial off-the-shelf components. The contract to build PAN was awarded in October 2006, with the satellite initially scheduled to launch 30 months later
8077424
Soyuz TMA-14M


launch, at 02:11 UTC on Friday, 26 September. Hatches between the two spacecraft were opened at 04:06 UTC. At this time, the crew of TMA-14M joined the crew of Expedition 41, where they were scheduled to remain until the crew of Soyuz TMA-13M departed in November 2014. Samokutyayev, Serova and Wilmore transferred to the crew of Expedition 42 at that time. TMA-14M remained docked to the ISS—serving as an emergency escape vehicle—until March 11, 2015, when it departed and returned Samokutyayev,
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USA-165


allow the spacecraft to maneuver autonomously. USA-165 was built by Lockheed Martin and weighed 125 kg with an excess of 600 m/s delta-v. USA-165 was launched into Low Earth Orbit on April 11, 2005 on a Minotaur rocket and remained in its primary orbit for over eighteen months, but then in December 2006 it was maneuvered into a disposal orbit and lost to satellite spotters. USA-165 was later rediscovered by amateur satellite watcher Kevin Fetter. The satellite re-entered the atmosphere on November 11, 2013. The NASA
19811813
Kosmos 369


Kosmos 369 ( meaning "Cosmos 369"), known before launch as DS-P1-Yu No.42, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1970 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and was used as a radar calibration target for anti-ballistic missile tests. The launch of Kosmos 369 took place from Site 133/1 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, and used a Kosmos-2I 63SM carrier rocket. The launch occurred at 15:10:03 UTC on 8 October 1970, and
3421225
HL-42 (spacecraft)


without a composite tank, the HL-20 and HL-42 stood even less chance of being built with government money: In these circumstances there was no chance that they would be developed further by NASA. However, commercial space transportation companies would be quite free to develop the HL-20 and HL-42 designs if they wished; NASA now welcomed commercial participation. But companies doing so would risk facing competition from SLI itself. If NASA-funded research really did produce breakthrough technology with $1000 per pound launch costs (a tenfold reduction) then spaceplanes with
16832732
Türksat 6A


6A will also have X-band satellite communication capability for use by the Turkish Armed Forces. ASELSAN, the Turkish military electronic systems producer, signed for this purpose a contract worth of CA$30 million with the Canadian company MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates (MDA) in April 2014. Launching of the spacecraft is planned for 2019. It will be in a geosynchronous orbit positioned at 42° East with an expected on-orbit life time of at least 15 years. It will consist of 16 K band transponders, additionally 4 in
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Milstar


the form of a precision machined aluminum block to maintain the weight and balance characteristics of the satellite. Both Block I satellites (USA-99 and USA-115) are still operational as of August 2016, over 20 years since they were launched. The four later satellites were Block II spacecraft, which featured an additional medium data-rate payload. The first Block II satellite (DFS-3m, a hybrid mix of largely Block I support systems and LDR payload and a MDR (Medium Data Rate) Block II payload) was launched on 30
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Asteroid Redirect Mission


that pushes the spacecraft forward. The spacecraft concept would have a dry mass of 5.5 tons, and could store up to 13 tons of xenon propellant. Each thruster would have a 30- to 50-kilowatt power level, and several thrusters can be combined to increase the power of an SEP spacecraft. This engine, which is scalable to 300 kilowatts and beyond, is being researched and developed by Northrop Grumman with Sandia National Laboratories and the University of Michigan. NASA Glenn Research Center is managing the project. Even at a destination, the
17356108
Mir EO-4


in the production of the Kristall module, the launch of the next Mir module, Kvant-2, would also be delayed. It was also announced that as a result, Mir would be left unmanned following EO-4. The final Progress resupply spacecraft of the expedition docked with the station on March 19, and remained docked for 33 days. Progress 41 was the second last Progress spacecraft to use the original design (the last being Progress 42, which resupplied Mir EO-6 in 1990). The updated design would be called Progress-M
20243102
HL-42 (spacecraft)


at the rear for docking with the Space Station after the launch adapter had been jettisoned (and for pre-launch horizontal cargo-loading), and a much smaller hatch on the roof of the cabin for crew access while vertical on the launch pad (and as an alternative exit after landing, especially after parachuting to an emergency ocean splash-down). Aluminium frames extended from either side of this strong cylindrical core to support the rest of the structure. The whole lower surface of the lifting-body was protected from
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HL-42 (spacecraft)


to assure access to the ISS after Shuttle retirement; the Russian Soyuz could now provide that, in the short term at least. As for the long term, NASA was working on a new initiative focused on reusable vehicles. In February 2001 the Space Launch Initiative (SLI, also known as the 2nd Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) program) was formally established, with the goal of drastically reducing the cost of access to space. This would require ground-breaking new technology, and commercialisation and competition in the launch
16832728
Kosmos 219


Kosmos 219 ( meaning "Cosmos 219"), also known as DS-U2-D No.2, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1968 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and was used to investigate flows of charged particles in the Earth's magnetosphere. A Kosmos-2I 63SM carrier rocket was used to launch Kosmos 219 into low Earth orbit. The launch took place from Site 86/4 at Kapustin Yar. The launch occurred at 04:42:56 UTC on 26 April
18021056
HL-42 (spacecraft)


, and in the following years many studies attempted to chart a way forward without reaching any consensus except for a growing feeling that "faster, better, cheaper" would be a good idea. There was also disagreement over the design (and indeed purpose) of the proposed Space Station "Freedom". Finally, as President Clinton took office for the first time in January 1993, the new NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin commissioned a major study that would reduce the multitude of possibilities to three well-defined options for launch systems.
16832659
HL-42 (spacecraft)


ready condition; all test and checkout procedures that would duplicate those already performed at the manufacturing facility would be eliminated. Once loaded, it would move to the VAB to be rotated to the vertical and mated with the second stage at the top of the heavy launcher. After this it would check itself out using its autonomous systems "with minimum personnel time and in one to two shifts". The whole stack would then be moved to one of the two Launch Complex 39 pads as with the Shuttle. Exactly the same procedure
16832715
HL-42 (spacecraft)


in the NASA Access to Space Study of 1994. In the end another alternative, a Single-stage-to-orbit design, was chosen for further development, and work on the HL-42 was abandoned. In the early 1980s it had been NASA policy to promote the use of the Space Shuttle for almost all launches, both civilian and military; only then, with Shuttle missions taking off almost every week, would the Space Shuttle program make economic sense. However, the "Challenger" disaster in 1986 forced a reconsideration
16832658
Interplanetary spaceflight


reaction products (propellant) on the Solar System body until such time as a vehicle needs to be loaded for launch. SpaceX is currently developing a system in which a reusable first stage vehicle would transport a manned interplanetary spacecraft to earth orbit, detach, return to its launch pad where a tanker spacecraft would be mounted atop it, then both fueled, then launched again to rendezvous with the waiting manned spacecraft. The tanker would then transfer its fuel to the manned spacecraft for use on its interplanetary voyage. The SpaceX "Interplanetary
15258553
Roscosmos


crew launches by Soyuz-TMA spacecraft and resupplies the space station with Progress space transporters. After the initial ISS contract with NASA expired, RKA and NASA, with the approval of the US government, entered into a space contract running until 2011, according to which Roscosmos will sell NASA spots on Soyuz spacecraft for approximately $21 million per person each way (thus $42 million to and back from the ISS per person) as well as provide Progress transport flights ($50 million per Progress as outlined in the Exploration Systems
17435277
55th Air Defense Artillery Regiment


December 1941; a second detachment helped form the 804th CA (HD) Btry (Sep). Btry F at Sand Is. was designated the 807th CA (HD) Btry (Sep), while a second detachment helped organize the 715th CA (HD) Btry (Sep) 10-21-42. During World War II, various changes were made in the makeup of the 55th CA. The 55th CA (155 mm Gun) Regt was reorganized and HHB reconstituted and activated; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
11111739
Raptor (rocket engine family)


for beyond-Earth-orbit missions) or an "ITS tanker" (for on-orbit propellant transfer operations nearer to Earth). The SpaceX 2016-design of the Interplanetary booster was announced with 42 sea-level optimized Raptors in the first stage of the ITS launch vehicle with a total of of thrust. The SpaceX Interplanetary Spaceship—which made up the second stage of the ITS launch vehicle on Earth launches was also an interplanetary spacecraft carrying cargo and passengers to beyond-Earth-orbit destinations after on-orbit refueling—
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33rd Troop Carrier Squadron


, 63%, because of the personnel shortage. The 33d Troop Carrier Squadron was inactivated at APO 323, effective 15 February 1946. Statistics Some interesting statistics on record flying time, weight hauled, and miles flown by the 33d Troop Carrier Squadron are: Flying Time, 4,039:05 hours in March 1945; Weight Hauled, 6,951,103 pounds in May 1944; and, Miles Flown, 471,474 miles in January 1945. 1st Lt. Elmer F. Estrumse - 17 Feb. 42 1st Lt. Campbell N. Smith - 1 Sep. 42 Capt.
10236299
TKS (spacecraft)


Bugayskiy (the FGB block) as a manned spacecraft launched with Proton rocket alternative to the Soyuz spacecraft for use with "Almaz" space stations. Development began in 1965; the "Almaz programme" had been abandoned by the time the first TKS spacecraft flew in 1977. The VA spacecraft (""Vozvrashaemiy Apparat"") was flown separately on four test missions with two craft per launch to test the design, as well as one "all-up" test mission and three resupply missions. The project had further
2352649
USA-206


rocket, using the 7925-9.5 configuration, on 17 August 2009 at 10:35 GMT. It was the last spacecraft to launch from Space Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, a launch pad which was first used in August 1957 for test flights of the PGM-17 Thor missile. It is also the final flight of an AS-4000 bus, the final GPS launch on a Delta II, and the final Delta II launch to be overseen by the US Air Force. Following separation from its carrier rocket, GPS IIR-21
3421833
McDonnell Douglas DC-X


Earth orbit takes about 90 to 120 minutes, the Earth will rotate to the east about 20 to 30 degrees in that time; or for a launch from the southern United States, about . If the spacecraft is launched to the east this does not present a problem, but for the polar orbits required of military spacecraft, when the orbit is complete the spacecraft overflies a point far to the west of the launch site. In order to land back at the launch site, the craft needs to have considerable cross-range
15420682
USA-226


for the first flight. The Air Force stated only that the spacecraft would "demonstrate various experiments and allow satellite sensors, subsystems, components, and associated technology to be transported into space and back." OTV-2 was launched aboard an Atlas V rocket, tail number AV-026, on 5 March 2011 from Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. It was scheduled to launch on the previous day, 4 March, but weather prevented the launch on that day, forcing the reschedule to 5 March. The
12436131
HL-42 (spacecraft)


merely halved costs stood a good chance of being successful and even profitable. In 2006 Jim Benson (who had founded SpaceDev in 1997) licensed the HL-20 design for use in the Dream Chaser project. Unlike the HL-42, the Dream Chaser was not required to ferry cargo back down to Earth, so could return to the smaller size of the HL-20. This was light enough to be put on top of an Atlas-class launcher, and in 2007 an agreement was reached with United Launch Alliance to use the Atlas V as
16832736
USA-242


USA-242, also known as GPS IIF-4, GPS IIF SV-5, Navstar-68 and Vega, is an American navigation satellite which was launched on 15 May 2013 and became operational on 21 June 2013. The fourth Block IIF GPS satellite, it forms part of the Global Positioning System. USA-242 is a spacecraft, built by Boeing with a design life of 15 years. It operates from a semi-synchronous medium Earth orbit, at an altitude of an inclination of 55 degrees, in slot 5 of plane C of the GPS constellation.
10720091
MiTEx


The Micro-satellite Technology Experiment (MiTEx) is a microsatellite-based mission launched into geosynchronous orbit June 21, 2006 aboard a Delta II rocket. The US Air Force described the mission as a "technology demonstration" for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Navy. MiTEx consists of three spacecraft; two inspection satellites, designated USA-187 and USA-188, and an experimental upper stage, designated USA-189. The two inspection satellites were initially used to inspect each other; however,
3354298
Kjell N. Lindgren


the deputy crew surgeon for STS-130 and Expedition 24. In June 2009, he became a member of NASA Astronaut Group 20 and completed his two years of training in 2011. Following training, he worked in the Spacecraft Communicator and Extravehicular Activity branches of NASA, and he was the Spacecraft Communicator lead for Expedition 30. In 2013, he received training at the Gagarin Space Center which allowed him to serve as part of the backup crew for Expedition 42/Expedition 43 which launched on Soyuz TMA-15M. He was later assigned to Expedition 44
12327068
USA-212


of a NASA Space Shuttle, but following the "Columbia" accident, it was transferred to a Delta II 7920. It was subsequently transferred to the Atlas V following concerns over the X-37B's aerodynamic properties during launch. The launch was the first flight of the Atlas V 501 configuration, and the first in four years to use a payload fairing. Prior to the installation of the spacecraft, the Atlas rocket was moved to the launch pad and performed a wet dress rehearsal on 2 April 2010. It was returned to the
16103913
Japanese space program


development, M-3SII again in 1997 after two years from the last flight of the rocket M-V was completed. Was born during a space launch vehicle for spacecraft Mars Nozomi was to postpone the launch of two years. Japan was thus advanced the development of a rocket, [1990] (1990) and the USA trade policy, "Section 301" is applied, Japan international competitive bidding had to be practical for use in domestic satellites. This is useful for satellite launches, a lot to bring the US-made
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