Darejan Dadiani [SEP] spouse
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Darejan Dadiani


Darejan Dadiani (), also known as Daria (დარია; , "Darya Georgyevna") (20 July 1738 – 8 November 1807), was Queen Consort of Kakheti, and later Kartli-Kakheti in Eastern Georgia, as the third wife of King Erekle II (also known as Heraclius II). She was a daughter of Katsia-Giorgi Dadiani, a member of the princely house of Mingrelia. Darajan married Heraclius in 1750 and their marriage lasted 48 years until his death in 1798; the union produced 23 children
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Darejan Dadiani


. In the final years of her husband's reign, Darejan exerted significant influence on politics and court affairs. She was skeptical of the pro-Russian policies of Heraclius II and his successor, her step-son, George XII, whose progeny she tried to prevent from succeeding to the throne of Georgia. After the Russian annexation of Georgia, Queen Dowager Darejan was deported to Russia proper in 1803. She died in St. Petersburg at the age of 69 and was buried at the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Darejan was a daughter
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Darejan Dadiani


Darejan and her reigning step-son was Georgia's relations with the Russian Empire. Darejan had been skeptical of Georgia's rapprochement with its northern neighbour already in Heraclius's lifetime, especially after the Russians, bound by the 1783 treaty of Georgievsk to protect Heraclius's kingdom from external threat, had left the Georgians to their own devices in the face of a disastrous invasion from Iran in 1795. The queen had repeatedly maintained that the relationship with Russia had brought no benefit to Georgia. Darejan and her party were resolutely opposed to
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Darejan Dadiani


George XII's renewed quest for the Russian protection. In 1800, one of Darejan's sons, Alexander, openly broke with his half-brother and attempted a coup with the help of his Avar and Iranian allies. The relations in the royal family hit the nadir in July 1800, when George XII forced Queen Dowager Darejan into confinement at her palace in Avlabari, prompting Darejan's sons to mobilize their loyal forces around Tbilisi. After the death of George XII in December 1800, the Russian general Ivan Lazarev issued the "
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Darejan Dadiani


and other members of the royal family to Russia, because their presence in Georgia will always be a cause and reason [for the development of] parties hostile" to the Russian hegemony. Darejan's relations with Knorring were particularly tense. Once, the general angered her by wearing his hat and coat at her house and interrupting an interview at noon, declaring it was time for his vodka. The task of deportation was to be fulfilled by Knorring's successor, General Pavel Tsitsianov, himself of Georgian origin. In vain Darejan
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Darejan Dadiani


next surviving son of Heraclius, rather than to George's offspring. The surviving sons of Heraclius and Darejan—Iulon, Vakhtang, Mirian, Alexander, and Parnaoz—thus, emerged in the line of succession. After Heraclius's death in 1798, the now King George XII, reneged on the will of the late king, declaring it invalid on account of it being forced upon his father. This occasioned a further breakdown in already strained relations between George XII and Darejan and his half-brothers. Another conflicting issue between
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Vakhtang of Imereti


Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili () (died 1668) was a Georgian nobleman who ruled the crown of Imereti, western Georgia, in the years of 1660–1661 and 1668. In 1660, the Queen Dowager Darejan, the widow of Alexander III of Imereti, deposed and blinded her stepson, the legitimate king Bagrat V. Darejan then married Tchutchunashvili, a petty noble, whom she installed as king of Imereti. Deposed by Prince Vameq III Dadiani of Mingrelia and other nobles with Ottoman support, Darejan and Vakhtang fled to Akhaltsikhe, in the Ottoman-
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Darejan Dadiani


her offspring against Heraclius's eldest surviving son of his second marriage to Anna Abashidze, the Crown Prince George, became the cornerstone of Darejan's involvement in the politics of Georgia. In the last years of Heraclius II's life, she became more involved and influential. In 1791, Darejan persuaded her husband to overturn the principle of primogeniture in favor of fraternal inheritance, mandating in his will that after his death, his eldest son George would become king, but that after George's death, the throne would pass to the
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Darejan Dadiani


Tsar" Paul I's order to all the members of the royal family, beginning with Darejan, forbidding the nomination of any heir to the throne. After Paul's death in March 1801, Darejan applied to the new tsar, Alexander I, to confirm her eldest son, Iulon, as the new king and protect her and her kin from harassment from George XII's heir Prince David and his supporters. However, the Russian government proceeded with the outright annexation of the Georgian kingdom, bringing the millennium of the Bagratid rule
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Darejan Dadiani


in Georgia to an end. The Queen Dowager and her sons withdrew into opposition to the new regime; Iulon, Alexander, and Parnaoz were now in open rebellion. Darejan's every trip outside Tbilisi was closely watched by the Russian military. Eventually, Tsar Alexander ordered the commander in Georgia, General Karl Knorring, to deport all members of the royal family from Georgia for resettlement in Russia proper on 20 August 1802. The State Council confirmed the decision and instructed Knorring to "strengthen all measures for the transport of Queen Darejan
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Darejan Dadiani


cited her illness to avoid exile. Tsitsianov responded that no reason would postpone her departure. She was further accused of "treasonous" correspondence with Russia's enemies and removing the venerated icon of Ancha from a church in Tbilisi. The Russian military had Darejan escorted on 25 October 1803 out of the estate of her grandson in Mukhrani to her exile in Russia. Darejan, known to the Russians as the "tsaritsa" Darya Georgyevna, was allowed to settle down in St. Petersburg, where she lived in a rented house in the
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Darejan of Kakheti, Queen of Imereti


outraged. The nobles of Lower Imereti invited Vameq III Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia, and those of Upper Imereti called for Vakhtang V of Kartli to intervene and overthrow Darejan and her husband. Vameq took the couple prisoner, had Vakhtang blinded, and usurped the throne of Imereti. Darejan appealed to Vakhtang V of Kartli for help, offering her now divorced niece Ketevan for Vakhtang V's son Archil, and her throne to Vakhtang himself. Vakhtang of Kartli moved into Upper Imereti in 1661 and Imereti became a battleground for the rulers
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Princess Darejan of Imereti


the boy-prince Manuchar, a son of Levan III Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia. On this occasion, Manuchar arrived at the court of Darejan's grandfather, King Vakhtang V of Kartli, but, before the marriage could be consummated, the Mingrelians abducted him and brought back to his father upon being informed by Bagrat V of Imereti that Vakhtang V allegedly planned to send Manuchar as a hostage to Persia. Darejan's family moved in Russia in 1684 and her father Archil finally established himself at Moscow after giving up all his
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Darejan Dadiani


of Katsia-Giorgi Dadiani, a younger son of Bezhan Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia in western Georgia. She was only 12 years old in 1750, when Heraclius, then reigning in Kakheti, chose her as his third wife, a year after his second wife, Ana Abashidze, died. The marriage was negotiated on Heraclius's behalf by his relative, Princess Khoreshan, daughter of the late King of Kartli Jesse and wife of Prince Jesse Amilakhvari. The bride was brought by Khoreshan and Saba, Bishop of Ninotsminda, to
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Vameq III Dadiani


Bezhan Gogoberidze. He, further, carried all of Imereti's royal treasury, twelve wagonloads, with him to Mingrelia, together with the captive queen Darejan. Vakhtang of Kartli responded by recruiting Demetre Gurieli, Prince of Guria, and the Upper Imeretian nobility to kill Gogoberidze. He then occupied Imereti and invaded Mingrelia, capturing Vameq's family and treasury, and forcing the defeated Dadiani into flight to the mountains of Svaneti. Vakhtang installed a loyal prince in Mingrelia, Levan III Dadiani, and then had Vameq assassinated in his mountainous
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Darejan Dadiani


Surami, where Heraclius met her. The wedding was then lavishly celebrated at the court of Heraclius's father, Teimuraz II, King of Kartli, in Tbilisi. In 1762, Heraclius of Kakheti succeeded on his father's death as king of Kartli, thus uniting both eastern Georgian kingdoms into a single state. The couple's first better documented child, Princess Elene, was born in 1753, followed by 22 more between 1755 and 1782. As her sons grew up, Darejan's desire to secure the right of succession for
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Princess Anastasia of Georgia


Princess Anastasia of Georgia (; 3 November 1763 – 17 May 1838) was a Georgian princess royal ("batonishvili"), a daughter of King Heraclius II of Georgia of his third marriage to Darejan Dadiani. She was married into the princely family of Eristavi, former Ducal House of Ksani. Princess Anastasia was born at the village of Martkopi in Kakheti in 1763 as the twelfth child into the family of Heraclius and Darejan. On 12 November 1797, at the age of 34, she married Prince Revaz (Roman) Eristavi
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David Dadiani


still a child, had been betrothed to Darejan, daughter of the Svan prince Tsiok Dadeshkeliani, but, in 1835, David repudiated her and arranged Darejan's marriage to the Kakhetian nobleman David Abkhazi, granting her former fiancée a pension of 150 chervonets. In 1839, David married Princess Ekaterine, a daughter of the poet and general Alexander Chavchavadze. The wedding was celebrated at the Kashueti Church in Tiflis on 15 May 1839. David and Ekaterine were the parents of seven children. Of these, Maria (1840–1842), Nina
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Ketevan Andronikashvili


The identity of her mother is unknown. She had three brothers, Melkisedek, Iese, and Revaz. Princess Ketevan married George, the eldest son of King Heraclius II and heir apparent to the throne of the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti in 1766. The marriage helped the Andronikashvili clan, especially Ketevan's brother Revaz, advance their cause at the royal court against the rival faction patronized by Heraclius II's consort Darejan Dadiani. By 1780, Darejan's party succeeded in reducing the Andronikashvili's influence, convincing Heraclius to remove Revaz
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Vameq III Dadiani


of Levan's treasury. At the decisive battle of Bandza in June 1658, Vameq defeated his rival and secured the throne of Mingrelia. In 1660, Alexander III's death occasioned a mutlifaceted civil war in Imereti, in which the dowager queen Darejan seized power and made her new husband, an insignificant nobleman, Vakhtang, king. The Imeretians revolted: the nobles of Lower Imereti invited Vamiq, while those of Upper Imereti appealed to King Vakhtang V of Kartli. Vamiq took Darejan and his husband prisoner, blinding the latter,
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Vameq III Dadiani


and then declared himself king of Imereti in 1661. Darejan begged Vakhtang V of Kartli for help, offering the Imeretian throne to him. The king of Kartli invaded, but stuck a deal with Vameq, dividing Imereti. The agreement was to be cemented by a marriage of Vamiq's daughter to Vakhtang's son, Archil. However, Vameq—anxious that the marriage could eventually be used by Archil as a pretext to lay claim to Imereti—disrupted the agreement and opted for a local son-in-law, Prince
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Princess Tekle of Georgia


Princess Tekle (, "t'ekle"; 1776 – 11 March 1846) was a Georgian princess royal ("batonishvili") and poet. She was a daughter of Heraclius II, the penultimate king of Kartli and Kakheti, the wife of Prince Vakhtang Orbeliani, and mother of the Georgian literati, Alexander and Vakhtang Orbeliani. Tekle was born in 1776 in the family of Heraclius II and his third wife Darejan Dadiani. The king's favorite daughter, Tekle was nicknamed by Heraclius a "tomboy" (თეკლე-ბიჭი) for her
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Prince Levan of Georgia


Levan or Leon () (2 February 1756 – 5 February 1781) was a Georgian royal prince ("batonishvili") of the Bagrationi dynasty, born to King Heraclius II and Queen Darejan Dadiani. His career flourished in the 1770s, when he was an ambassador to the Russian Empire and then an army commander. Levan was a talented general and a major supporter of his father's military reforms which eroded irreversibly after Levan's mysterious death in 1781. Levan was the eldest son of Heraclius II, then-king of
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Prince Vakhtang-Almaskhan of Georgia


Vakhtang () also known as Almaskhan (ალმასხანი) (22 June 1761 – 28 October 1814) was a Georgian prince royal ("batonishvili") of the Bagrationi dynasty, born to King Heraclius II and Queen Darejan Dadiani. He distinguished himself in the war with Iran in 1795 and was then active in opposition to his half-brother George XII of Georgia and the newly established Russian administration in Georgia. In 1802 he surrendered to the Russian authorities and spent the rest of his life in St. Petersburg, working on an
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Prince Vakhtang-Almaskhan of Georgia


overview of Georgia's history. In Russia he was known as the "tsarevich" Vakhtang Irakliyevich Gruzinsky (). Vakhtang was born in 1761 into the family of Heraclius II, King of Kakheti (and of Kartli after 1762), and his third wife Darejan née Princess Dadiani. He was a namesake of his late half-brother, Vakhtang (died in 1756), and also bore the second name, Almaskhan. After the death of his brother Levan in 1781, Vakhtang succeeded him to the princely appanage in the
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Dositheus of Tbilisi


Dositheus (Dositeoz Tbileli; , died 12 September 1795) was a hierarch of the Georgian Orthodox Church and Archbishop of Tbilisi canonized as a martyr for his death at the hands of the Iranian soldiers in 1795. Dositheus was a priest confessor of Queen Darejan Dadiani, consort of King Heraclius II of Georgia, and metropolitan bishop of Tbilisi. When the city of Tbilisi fell to the invading army of Agha Muhammad Khan Qajar, ruler of Iran, in the aftermath of the Battle of Krtsanisi in September 1795, a group of Qajar
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Prince Parnaoz of Georgia


Parnaoz (; , "Parnaoz Irakliyevich Gruzinsky") (14 February 1777 – 30 March 1852) was a Georgian prince ("batonishvili") of the Bagrationi dynasty, the 14th son of Heraclius II, the penultimate king of Kartli and Kakheti, by his third marriage to Queen Darejan Dadiani. Parnaoz tried to challenge the recently established Imperial Russian rule in Georgia and in 1804 headed an unsuccessful insurrection of the Georgian mountaineers in the course of which he was arrested and deported to Russia. Afterwards, he spent most of his life
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Princess Mariam of Georgia


Mariam () (1755 – 3 November 1828) was a Georgian princess royal ("batonishvili"), daughter of Heraclius II, the penultimate King of Kartli and Kakheti. Like her sisters, Ketevan and Thecla, Mariam was a poet of some talent and wrote in the spirit of early Romanticism. Mariam was the 12th child of Heraclius II and the second daughter born of that ruler's third marriage to Darejan Dadiani. In 1777, Mariam married Prince David Tsitsishvili (1749–1792), a scion of the medieval house of
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Prince Aleksandre of Georgia


, king of Kartli and Kakheti in eastern Georgia, and his third wife Darejan Dadiani. He was educated by the Catholic missionaries at the court of his father. At age 12 or 13, he was tutored by and served as an aide to the Tiflis-based German adventurer and physician Jacob Reineggs, who played a role in the Russian–Georgian diplomacy until his retirement to the Russian Empire in 1783. Aleksandre became involved in the politics and administration of his country at a very young age. In 1793, he was
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Princess Ketevan of Georgia


Ketevan (; 1764 – 5 July 1840) was a Georgian princess royal ("batonishvili"), a daughter of Heraclius II, the penultimate king of Kartli and Kakheti, and the wife of Ioann, Prince of Mukhrani. Like her sisters, Mariam and Thecla, Ketevan was a poet of some talent and wrote in the spirit of early Romanticism. Princess Ketevan was born in 1764 in the family of Heraclius II and his third wife Darejan Dadiani. She married, c. 1781, Ioane, Prince of Mukhrani (1755–1801)
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Tamar of Mukhrani


Tamar (; died 1683) was a Georgian princess of the House of Mukhrani who was married, successively, to three sovereigns of western Georgia—Levan III Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia, then King Bagrat V of Imereti, and finally, Giorgi III Gurieli, Prince of Guria. Tamar's marriages were part of political intrigues and accompanying wife swaps characteristic for the Georgian history of that century. Tamar was a daughter of Constantine I, Prince of Mukhrani, by her wife Darejan, daughter of Prince Ghuana Abashidze. She was,
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George III of Guria


1680, Gurieli's claim to Dadiani's succession was rejected by the Mingrelians. Giorgi then executed Manuchar and attempted to seize Mingrelia by force, but failed. King Bagrat's death in 1681 provided Giorgi Gurieli with an opportunity to claim the long-coveted Imeretian crown and Queen Tamar for himself. As Bagrat's only surviving heir Alexander, a natural son by a concubine, was held as a hostage in Kartli, Giorgi Gurieli was installed by the Imeretian nobles as their king. He then divorced his child-bride Darejan and
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Prince Levan of Georgia


Kakheti, by his third marriage to Darejan née Princess Dadiani, born in Tbilisi in 1756. Levan's paternal grandfather, Teimuraz II, was King of Kartli, and left his kingdom, on his death in 1762, to Heraclius II. In 1766, Levan was enfeoffed with the princely appanage in the Aragvi valley, earlier held in possession of his late half-brother Vakhtang, who died in 1756. Levan became involved in war and politics at a very young age. At 14, he already accompanied his father in
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Prince Mirian of Georgia


Mirian (; , "Mirian Irakliyevich Gruzinsky") (19 August 1767 – 15 October 1834) was a Georgian prince ("batonishvili") of the Bagrationi dynasty, born to King Heraclius II and Queen Darejan Dadiani. After Heraclius placed his kingdom under the Russian protectorate in 1783, Mirian entered the Russian army, attaining to the rank of major general. He reconciled with the Russian annexation of Georgia in 1801, departing to St. Petersburg, where he ended his days as a senator of the Empire. Of some literary talent
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Prince Mirian of Georgia


, Mirian translated from Russian and himself composed poetry. Mirian was born in 1767 into the family of Heraclius II, King of Kartli and Kakheti and his third wife Darejan née Princess Dadiani. He was the fifth son and the ninth child born of this union. Upon signing of the Treaty of Georgievsk between Heraclius II and Catherine II of Russia in 1783, Mirian and his brother, the hierodeacon Anton, journeyed to St. Petersburg and were attached to the Imperial court. On this occasion, Mirian was commissioned into the Russian service
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Anton II of Georgia


. He was born of Heraclius II's third marriage to Darejan Dadiani. The young prince was educated at the royal court at Tbilisi and then at the Tbilisi Theological Seminary under the guidance of Anton I, his relative and predecessor as Catholicos Patriarch of Georgia. In 1782, he made his monastic profession and took the name Anton. On the conclusion of the treaty of Georgievsk between Heraclius II and the Russian empress Catherine II in 1783, Anton, now a hierodeacon, and his brother Mirian journeyed to St. Petersburg and were attached
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Princess Elene of Georgia


Elene (; 1753 – 17 June 1786) was a Georgian princess royal ("batonishvili"), a daughter of Heraclius II, King of Kartli and Kakheti. She was the mother of Solomon II of Imereti, the last king to have reigned in the Georgian polities. Elene was born in 1753 as the eldest surviving child of Heraclius II and his third wife Darejan Dadiani. The young princess had a love affair with Prince Zakaria Andronikashvili (1740–1802), a respected soldier, who was 13 years older. Opposing the union
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Mariam Dadiani


's successor as Prince of Mingrelia, to whose political calculations Mariam's subsequent fate was closely tied, was her half-brother, born of Manuchar's first marriage to Nestan-Darejan, daughter of Alexander II of Kakheti. In 1621, Levan II arranged Mariam's marriage with Simon Gurieli, son of Mamia II Gurieli, Prince of Guria. Simon murdered his own father and seized control of Guria in 1625, prompting Levan to intervene militarily. Defeated and captured at Lanchkhuti, Simon lost his throne, sight, and family
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Prince Iulon of Georgia


Iulon (; 4 June 1760 – 23 October 1816) was a Georgian royal prince ("batonishvili") of the House of Bagrationi, born into the family of King Heraclius II and Queen Darejan Dadiani. He advanced claim to the throne of Kartli and Kakheti after the death of his half-brother George XII in 1800 and opposed the Russian annexation of Georgia until being apprehended and deported in 1805 to Tula. He died in St. Petersburg and was buried at the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Iulon was a son of Heraclius II of
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George III of Imereti


quest for allies, George established close ties with the influential eastern Georgian noble Giorgi Saakadze who employed an Imeretian force in his struggle against King Teimuraz I of Kakheti. After Saakadze’s defeat in 1626, George made an alliance with Teimuraz and arranged a marriage between his son, Alexander (III), and Teimuraz’s daughter Darejan (1629). This, however, failed to bring the feudal anarchy in Imereti to an end and the unrest continued. Later in his reign, George III once again campaigned against Levan Dadiani,
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Treaty of Georgievsk


), 1767–1819, as official heir apparent. In the same year Russian troops were stationed in Kartli-Kakheti. Pursuant to article VI of the treaty, Emperor Paul confirmed David's claim to reign as the next king on April 18, 1799. But strife broke out among King George's many sons and those of his late father over the throne, Erekle II having changed the succession order at the behest of his third wife, Queen Darejan Dadiani, to favor the accession of younger brothers of future kings over their own
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Prince Iulon of Georgia


his third marriage to Darejan (Daria) née Dadiani, born at the royal castle of Telavi in 1760. In September 1787, Iulon, together with Prince Orbeliani, commanded a 4,000-strong Georgian force sent by Heraclius against his former ally Ibrahim, khan of Karabakh. The Georgians were victorious, but the sudden withdrawal of an allied Russian army from the Caucasus rendered further operations abortive. In 1790, Iulon received a princely domain in the Ksani valley after Heraclius II dispossessed the defiant Kvenipneveli dynasty of the duchy of Ksani, dividing it
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Darejan of Kakheti, Queen of Imereti


reckon with his step-mother's ambitions. Three days after Alexander's funeral, Darejan made Bagrat marry her niece Ketevan. All documents issued in Imereti during these years bore first Darejan's name, and second Bagrat's. As the conflict was brewing, the nobles became divided in two parties. Papuna, duke of Racha, urged Bagrat to employ the Ottoman force to remove Darejan, while the queen dowager enjoyed support of the catholicos Simon I. The matters headed to an open confrontation when Darejan persuaded Bagrat to divorce her niece
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Darejan of Kakheti, Queen of Imereti


Darejan () or Nestan-Darejan (ნესტან-დარეჯანი) (c. 1615 – 1668) was a daughter of King Teimuraz I, a ruler of Kakheti in eastern Georgia, with a notable role in the contemporary politics of Georgia. Her three marriages represented a component of her family's and her own political machinations. Her first husband, Zurab, Duke of Aragvi, was put to death at the behest of Darejan's father in 1630. Her second and third marriages, to Alexander III and Vakhtang I, respectively in 1630 and
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Princess Darejan of Imereti


Darejan or Darya (; , "Darya Archilovna"; c. 1670 – 6 October 1740) was a daughter of Archil, sometime king of king of Imereti and of Kakheti in western and eastern parts of Georgia, respectively, by his wife Ketevan of Kakheti. In the 1680s, Darejan followed her parents and brothers into exile in Russia, where she lived a semi-secluded life, mostly at her family estate of Vsekhsvyatskoye at Moscow, occupied in local charity and benevolence. At the age of 7, Darejan was affianced to
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Bagrat V of Imereti


. On the king's refusal, Darejan had him arrested and blinded. The queen dowager then remarried an insignificant aristocrat, Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili, and had him crowned as king. The move drew many nobles into opposition. They enlisted the Ottoman and Mingrelian support and restored Bagrat. Darejan was exiled to Akhaltsikhe, in the Ottoman-held Georgian province. In 1668, Bagrat was once again dethroned by Darejan’s party with the military support of the pasha of Akhaltsikhe. However, both Darejan and her favorite were soon murdered, and
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Darejan of Kakheti, Queen of Imereti


1661, made her a queen consort of Imereti, in western Georgia, where Darejan became embroiled in a series coups and counter-coups. She was eventually murdered by members of the rival party in Kutaisi. Darejan was a daughter of Teimuraz I of Kakheti and his second wife Khorashan, a sister of the neighboring Georgian monarch, Luarsab II of Kartli. In 1623, Teimuraz married off Darejan to his influential vassal, Zurab, Duke of Aragvi, in spite of the protests from Queen Khorashan, who blamed Zurab's family
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Darejan of Kakheti, Queen of Imereti


Ketevan and suggested to the king that he should now marry her. On Bagrat's refusal, he was seized by Darejan's supporters and blinded. Darejan then offered the crown to her father Teimuraz, who had been ousted from eastern Georgia by the Persians and was then living in the Skanda castle in Imereti. Teimuraz, astounded by his daughter's vices, refused. Darejan then seized power, married an insignificant nobleman, Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili, who claimed a Bagrationi descent, and had him crowned king. The people of Imereti were
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Darejan of Kakheti, Queen of Imereti


of Kartli and Mingrelia. During the turmoil Darejan and her husband became hostages of the Ottoman pasha of Akhaltsikhe and were placed under arrest in Oltu, from where she asked, via her Moscow-based nephew Nicholas, the tsar of Russia to intervene, but her pleas remained unanswered. Imereti remained in a state of anarchy. In 1668, Aslan, the pasha of Akhaltsikhe, motivated partly by a bribe offered by Darejan and partly the massacre of the Turkish soldiers at Kutaisi, marched into Imereti, placed Darejan and Vakhtang on
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Ketevan of Kakheti (1648–1719)


on Darejan's order. Darejan then married a local nobleman, Vakhtang Tchuchunaishvili, and made him king. The coup inaugurated nearly a century of anarchy in Imereti, which left the country in ruins. After her divorce from Bagrat, Ketevan was married to Prince Gogoberidze. In 1661, Darejan, beleaguered by enemies from all sides, appealed to Vakhtang V of Kartli for help, offering her niece Ketevan for Vakhtang V's son Archil, and her throne to Vakhtang himself. The deal did not materialize and Darejan, her husband
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Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti, Queen of Kartli


Nestan-Darejan (; 1556–1612) was queen consort of Kartli, a kingdom in eastern Georgia, as the wife of King Simon I, whom she married in 1559. Nestan-Darejan was a daughter of King Levan of Kakheti and a half-sister of Levan's successor to the throne of Kingdom of Kakheti, Alexander II. Her husband spent nearly five decades fighting the Safavid Iranian and Ottoman encroachments on his kingdom, twice losing his throne and personal freedom. Nestan-Darejan suffered further, being humiliated by his half-
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Darejan of Kakheti, Queen of Imereti


. He recognized no heir; Bagrat, his son by his first wife, had been disowned by Alexander; Leonti, his son by Darejan, died; he had adopted Luarsab, a son of Darejan's late brother David, but the boy also died. Prior to his death, Alexander, thus, had to recall his son Bagrat from Guria and make him his heir. Queen Dowager Darejan crowned Bagrat, but she had no intention of giving up her power. Although both were in their forties, Bagrat had to
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Darejan of Kakheti, Queen of Imereti


the vizier lured Darejan to his apartment where Darejan was then stabbed to death. Following Chardin, Darejan's husband was held until the arrival of the blind Bagrat, the legitimate monarch, who had his hand guided as he stabbed the usurper repeatedly, exclaiming, "Traitor, you had my eyes put out; I shall tear out your heart!" Yet another 18th-century Georgian source, the anonymous "Paris Chronicle", reports that Khosia Akhvlediani conspired with Prince Sekhnia Chkheidze to attack her while they were discussing state affairs
12337281
Mamia IV Dadiani


Dadiani, with whom he eventually reconciled in exchange of new estates. His second term, after succeeding on the death of Giorgi III Dadiani, was consumed by wars with his in-laws, the prince of Guria and king of Imereti. The latter, Levan of Imereti, fell in Mamia's hands and died in captivity. Dadiani himself died without seeing his protégé firmly established on the throne of Imereti. He was succeeded by his younger brother, Manuchar I Dadiani. Mamia IV Dadiani was a son of Levan I Dadiani
12373154
Levan V Dadiani


Levan V Dadiani (; 1793 – 30 July 1846), of the House of Dadiani, was Prince of Mingrelia, in western Georgia, from 1804 to 1846. Succeeding on the death of his father Grigol Dadiani, he ruled—initially under the regency of his mother Nino from 1804 to 1811—as a loyal subject of the Russian Empire. Levan Dadiani took little interest in the details of government and resigned in favor of his son, David Dadiani, in 1840, remaining a titular Prince of Mingrelia until his death. Levan Dadiani
18363258
George III Dadiani


by Levan I Dadiani. In despair, Giorgi Dadiani approached the king of Imereti, who helped to stuck, in 1578 (according to Prince Vakhushti), a deal: the deposed Dadiani was allowed to resume his reign and he had to pay an indemnity to Gurieli for the past offences such as his abandonment of his first wife, Gurieli's sister. As Giorgi Dadiani was short of money, he had to surrender to Gurieli Khobi until the due amount of gold was extracted in full from that town. Mamia Dadiani was
12372732
Grigol Dadiani (Kolkhideli)


talent, writing in the spirit of Georgian Romanticism under the pen name of Kolkhideli (კოლხიდელი, "Colchian"). Grigol Dadiani was the second son of Levan V Dadiani, ruler of Mingrelia—then an autonomous principality within the Russian Empire—and his second wife, Marta Tsereteli. He was, thus, a younger brother of David Dadiani, the penultimate prince-regnant of Mingrelia, and uncle to Niko Dadiani, the last to hold that office. Dadiani married at St. Petersburg, in 1843, to Princess Terezia
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House of Dadiani


time, the branches of the family governed also Svaneti, Guria, and Bedia. In 1542, Duke Levan I Dadiani became hereditary Prince ("mtavari") of Mingrelia and established himself as an independent ruler. His descendant Prince Levan III Dadiani was forced to abdicate in 1691 and Dadiani’s relatives from the Chikovani (ჩიქოვანი) family, hitherto Princes of Salipartiano, inherited the title of Princes of Mingrelia and the surname of Dadiani. Accepting Russian sovereignty in 1802, the Dadiani were elevated to the dignity of Prince of the
21420179
George VIII of Georgia


first to Tamar, sometimes thought to have been daughter of Kvarkvare II Jaqeli, Atabag of Samtskhe, whom he wed c. 1445 and, secondly to Nestan-Darejan, of unknown origin, whom the king took as his wife sometime before 1456. According to this version, Alexander had a son, Vakhtang, and two daughters; and a son, Aleksandre, and a daughter, Mariam, by Nestan-Darejan. Nestan-Darejan was known as the "builder of churches" for his patronage of religious construction,
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Manuchar I Dadiani


Manuchar I Dadiani (; died 1611) was Prince of Mingrelia, of the House of Dadiani, from 1590 until his death. A younger son of Levan I Dadiani, he succeeded on the death of his elder brother, Mamia IV Dadiani. Manuchar ruled over Mingrelia, in western Georgia, in a period of continuous anarchy in the successor states of the former kingdom of Georgia. Manuchar continued his predecessors' efforts to extend the Dadiani's influence over the kingdom of Imereti, Mingrelia's nominal suzerain. He fought off an invasion
12609803
Levan IV Dadiani


Levan IV Dadiani (; died 1694) was Prince of Mingrelia from 1681 until 1691, when he was forced to abdicate and retire to Constantinople, where he died. A natural son of the preceding Levan III Dadiani, he was the last of the First House of Dadiani to rule Mingrelia, a principality in western Georgia. The succeeding dynasty were the Chikovani, who assumed the surname of Dadiani and continued to rule Mingrelia until 1867. After the death of Levan III Dadiani and murder of his rightful heir, Manuchar, at the
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Didi-Niko Dadiani


"big", to distinguish him from his younger namesakes in the Dadiani family. Nikoloz Dadiani was a son of Giorgi Dadiani (died 1799), brother of Katsia II Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia. His involvement in the politics and government of Mingrelia began in October 1804, when he became a member of the regency council for his underage relative, Levan V Dadiani, a grandson of Katsia II. The council was presided by Levan's mother, the dowager-princess Nino. A few months earlier, Mingrelia had become
21326561
Andria Dadiani


. "British Chess Magazine" dedicated its June–July 1892 issue to Dadiani. In 1903 Mikhail Chigorin was invited to the Monte Carlo tournament. Dadiani, operating under the idea that Chigorin had insulted him on an earlier occasion, refused to sponsor the tournament if Chigorin remained. The committee honored Dadiani's wishes and excluded Chigorin. Dadiani did indemnify Chigorin for the inconvenience to the sum of 1500 francs which was slightly more than the value of third prize. After his death some people accused Dadiani of having falsified or pre-
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House of Chikovani


Dadiani became known as George IV Dadiani of Mingrelia. Beginning with George IV till Nikolas Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia, all members of the ruling Dadiani family were by blood members of the House of Chikovani. The lineage lasted until the principality was abolished in late 1800s by the Russian Empire which took advantage of internal instability, Ottoman Invasions during the Crimean War, and a subsequent request for help from Ekaterine Dadiani, the Last Princess of Mingrelia. The Chikovani branch that remained without the ruling title of Dadiani traces its origins to General
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Princess Darejan of Imereti


claims to the crown of Imereti in 1699. Darejan succeeded in 1711 on the death of her brother Prince Alexander, a Russian army artillery commander, in the Swedish captivity, to the stewardship of the village of Vsekhsvyatskoye, now part of Moscow's Sokol District, which had been granted upon the Georgian family by the Russian government in 1686. Darejan spent most of her subsequent life in this estate, turning it into a Georgian émigré colony in Russia. She never married and had no children. She refrained from the courtly life
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Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti, Queen of Kartli


brother, the king of Kakheti, who capitalized on Simon's difficulties to attack and loot Kartli. After Simon had been sent a prisoner to Iran in 1569, Nestan-Darejan's estates had been pillaged by Prince Bardzim Amilakhori, Alexander's father-in-law; and in 1580, following Simon's return to Kartli and his defeat by Alexander at Dighomi, the latter carried off after the battle his half-sister's drawers on the point of a lance. Nestan-Darejan outlived her husband and died sometime after
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Nestan-Darejan of Kakheti, Queen of Kartli


1612, having mothered six children, including Simon's successor to the throne of Kartli, George X. Nestan-Darejan was born of Levan of Kakheti's second marriage to a daughter of the shamkhal of Tarki, whom the king married in 1529 after he divorced his first wife, Tinatin Gurieli. Nestan-Darejan married Simon I of Kartli in 1559. This union was one of the first interdynastic marriages between the Kartlian and Kakhetian branches of the Bagrationi dynasty, holding sway over the two breakaway successors of the once united Kingdom of
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Levan I Dadiani


Levan I Dadiani (also Leon; ; died 1572) was a member of the House of Dadiani and ruler of Odishi, that is, Mingrelia, in western Georgia. He succeeded on the death of his father, Mamia III Dadiani, as "eristavi" ("duke") of Odishi and ex officio "mandaturt-ukhutsesi" ("Lord High Steward") of Imereti in 1533. Dadiani's break with the king of Imereti brought about his downfall and imprisonment in 1546. He was able to escape and
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Ketevan of Kakheti (1648–1719)


, Darejan, a consort of King Alexander III of Imereti. After Alexander's death on 1 March 1660, Darejan made all efforts to bring his heir and her step-son Bagrat V under her influence, marrying him to her niece Ketevan three days after Alexander's funeral. With Darejan unwilling to give up power, the tensions rose in the royal family. The queen dowager persuaded Bagrat to divorce Ketevan and suggested to the king that he should now marry her. As Bagrat rejected the offer, he was captured and blinded
12484905
Didi-Niko Dadiani


Nikoloz "Didi-Niko" Dadiani (; 1764 – 25 February 1834) was a Georgian nobleman of the House of Dadiani and a historian. He played a prominent role in the government of the Principality of Mingrelia, which became an autonomous subject of the Russian Empire in 1804. Dadiani's principal historical work is "The History of the Georgians", whose final chapters are an indispensable source for the early modern history of western Georgia. Nikoloz Dadiani, his name hypocorized to Niko, was named "didi", Georgian for
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Liparit II Dadiani


Liparit II Dadiani (; died 1512) was a member of the House of Dadiani and "eristavi" ("duke") of Odishi, that is, Mingrelia, in western Georgia from 1482 until his death. Liparit was a son of Shamadavle Dadiani, "eristavi" of Odishi, by his wife, Anna. He succeeded on the death of his granduncle, Vameq II Dadiani, in 1482. In a multiparty civil war which plagued the crumbling Kingdom of Georgia at that time, Liparit maintained his predecessor's choice of
9613078
George III Dadiani


Giorgi III Dadiani (; died 1582) was Prince of Mingrelia, of the House of Dadiani, from 1572 to 1573 and again from 1578 until his death. He was a son and successor of Levan I Dadiani. Giorgi Dadiani's hold of power in Mingrelia, one of those states that had emerged after the disintegration of the Kingdom of Georgia in the 15th century, was challenged by the neighboring ruler, Giorgi Gurieli, Prince of Guria, and his own younger brother, Mamia IV. In 1573, they succeeded in ousting
12372728
Grigol Dadiani (Kolkhideli)


Prince Grigol Dadiani (; 6 October 1814 – 24 December 1901) was a member of the Georgian noble Dadiani family of Mingrelia. He was a son of Levan V Dadiani, Prince-regnant of Mingrelia, and member of the regency council for his nephew, Niko I Dadiani. As an officer in the Imperial Russian service, he took part in the Russo-Turkish, Crimean, and Caucasus wars, and retired with the rank of General of the Infantry. He was also a literature enthusiast and himself a poet of some
21369932
Liparit I Dadiani


Liparit I Dadiani (; died 1470) was a member of the House of Dadiani and "eristavi" ("duke") of Odishi, latter-day Mingrelia, in western Georgia from 1414 until his death. Under his rule, Mingrelia became largely independent from the disintegrating Kingdom of Georgia in the 1460s. Liparit I Dadiani succeeded on the death of his father, Mamia II Dadiani, in a war with the Abkhazians in 1414. His accession was confirmed by Alexander I of Georgia, who then moved on to pacify the
9546749
Shamadavle Dadiani


Shamadavle Dadiani (also Shamandavle or Shamandavla; ; died 1474) was a member of the House of Dadiani and "eristavi" ("duke") of Odishi (Mingrelia) in western Georgia from 1470 until his death. He succeeded his father Liparit I Dadiani and continued his predecessors' efforts to garner more autonomy as the united Kingdom of Georgia was approaching to its end. Shamadavle was the elder son of Liparit I Dadiani, on whose death he succeeded as the "eristavi" of Odishi in 1470. As the surviving
9547546
Mamia IV Dadiani


Mamia IV Dadiani (; died 1590) was Prince of Mingrelia, of the House of Dadiani, from 1573 to 1578 and again from 1582 until his death. He was a younger son of Levan I Dadiani. Mamia Dadiani's career unfolded against the background of an increasingly destructive civil unrest in the successor states of the Kingdom of Georgia in which the rulers of Mingrelia, in the former kingdom's west, played a critical role. His first accession to power was the result of a coup against his own brother, Giorgi III
12373153
Katsia I Dadiani


Katsia I Dadiani (; died 1710), of the House of Dadiani, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1704 to 1710. Katsia was the eldest son of Giorgi IV Dadiani by his wife, Sevdia Mikeladze, whom Giorgi divorced, in 1701, to marry Tamar, daughter of the powerful prince Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze, sometime King of Imereti. Katsia became Prince of Mingrelia on Giorgi IV Dadiani's abdication and retirement to the fiefdom of Salipartiano in 1704, but he remained under his father's influence until 1709, when Katsia and
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Otia Dadiani


Otia Dadiani (; died 1757), of the House of Dadiani, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1728 until his death. Like his predecessors, Otia Dadiani was embroiled in a series of civil wars that plagued western Georgia. He spent years fighting King Alexander V of Imereti with varying fortune. In the last years of his rule, Otia reconciled and corroborated with the Imeretian monarchy. Otia was the eldest son of Bezhan Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia, by his wife Tamar Gelovani. In 1728, Otia accompanied Bezhan to a rendezvous
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Andria Dadiani


Prince Andria Dadiani (; 1850–1910), known in Russia as Andrey Davidovich Dadian-Mingrelsky (), was a Georgian nobleman and a chess player. A member of a Mingrelian (Western Georgia) princely family, son of prince David Dadiani and his wife Ekaterine, Andria Dadiani was born in Zugdidi, W. Georgia. He graduated from Heidelberg University Faculty of Law in 1873. Later, he served as a lieutenant-general of the Russian army. Andrei Dadiani learned to play chess from his parents. In 1864 he met Thomas
15315967
Katsia II Dadiani


Katsia II Dadiani (; died 1788), of the House of Dadiani, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1758 to 1788. His rule was dominated by complicated relations with the Kingdom of Imereti, which claimed suzerainty over all of western Georgia. In efforts to further his precarious sovereignty, Dadiani easily switched sides, allying himself, alternatively, with the Imeretians, Russians, and Ottomans, as exemplified by his vacillating position during the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). Katsia was a son of Otia Dadiani on whose death he succeeded
15682739
Konstantin Dadiani


Prince Konstantin Dadiani (, ; 18 October 1819 – 25 April 1889) was a Georgian nobleman of the House of Dadiani and general of the Russian Imperial Army. During his nearly four-decade long military career, he fought in the Caucasian, Crimean, and Turkish wars. Prince Dadiani was the third son of Levan V Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia, and his wife, Princess Marta, née Tsereteli. In 1839, he graduated from St. Petersburg Page Corps and was commissioned as a "khorunzhy" in a Cossack regiment
20832282
Giorgi I Dadiani


Giorgi I Dadiani (; died 1323) was a member of the House of Dadiani and "eristavi" ("duke") of Odishi in western Georgia from the late 13th century until his death. The principal source on Giorgi Dadiani is the early-18th-century history by Prince Vakhushti, who does not report his parentage; the primary sources available to him have been lost. Giorgi Dadiani is also known from undated inscriptions, in the Georgian "asomtavruli" script, from the territory of Odishi, which allow reconstruction of his genealogy
9271450
George II Gurieli


daughter. The ousted Dadiani returned with an Ottoman force and compelled Gurieli to buy peace for 10,000 dirhams. Shortly after Levan's death in 1572, Giorgi Gurieli invaded Mingrelia and deposed Levan's successor and his former son-in-law Giorgi Dadiani in favor of Mamia IV Dadiani, whom he then gave his sister in marriage. The king of Imereti intervened in 1578 and, having extracted territorial concessions from Giorgi Dadiani, brokered a deal between the two Giorgis: the deposed Dadiani was allowed to resume his reign in exchange of
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George III Dadiani


effected a rapprochement with Dadiani's younger brother Mamia, whom he gave his sister in marriage. Gurieli then invaded Mingrelia, defeated Dadiani at Zugdidi, and installed Mamia in his stead, forcing Giorgi Dadiani into flight to Abkhazia and frustrating his subsequent attempt to regain power with the help of the Abkhazians and Circassians. While Giorgi Dadiani resided in exile, Gurieli succeeded in securing Mamia's recognition from the king of Imereti, but Mingrelia had to cede to the crown the former estates of the Chiladze noble family, which had been acquired
12372731
Manuchar I Dadiani


led by King Simon I of Kartli, who sought to reunite all of Georgia under his aegis, and secured his protégé Rostom on the throne of Imereti, thereby briefly restoring relative peace in western Georgia. Manuchar died in a hunting accident and was succeeded by his son, Levan II Dadiani. Manuchar Dadiani was a younger son of Levan I Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia. The date of his birth is unknown. He succeeded on the death of elder brother, Mamia IV Dadiani, in 1590. That same year, Simon
12609804
Liparit III Dadiani


Liparit III Dadiani (; died c. 1658) was Prince of Mingrelia, of the House of Dadiani, from 1657 until being deposed in 1658. Liparit III Dadiani's brief tenure took place against the background of renewed anarchy in western Georgian principalities. A son of the blinded Mingrelian prince Iese, Liparit succeeded on the death of his paternal uncle, the dynamic and imperious Levan II Dadiani, in 1657. Liparit's succession was opposed by his relative Vameq Lipartiani. Vameq, lord of Salipartiano, secured support of King Alexander III of
13835632
Giorgi IV Dadiani


Mingrelia's de facto ruler. He embarked on a relentless campaign to eliminate any opposition to his authority by killings and harassment and enriched himself by slave-trading. In 1691, he forced Levan IV Dadiani to abdicate and made himself prince of Mingrelia, assuming the title and surname of Dadiani. Giorgi Dadiani attempted to make his positions more secure by forging an alliance with the Imeretian prince Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze, who usurped the crown of Imereti in 1702. Dadiani married Abashidze's daughter Tamar, having repudiating his earlier union with
14592298
Bezhan Dadiani


Bezhan Dadiani (; died 1728), of the House of Dadiani, was Prince of Mingrelia from 1715 to 1728. He acceded to power in a coup against his own father, Giorgi IV Dadiani, and came to dominate western Georgian politics by asserting tutelage over King Alexander V of Imereti until being murdered by Ottoman agents. Bezhan was the second of Giorgi IV Dadiani by his wife, Sevdia Mikeladze, whom Giorgi divorced, in 1701, to marry Tamar, daughter of the powerful prince Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze, sometime King of
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Dadiani Palace


Dadiani Palaces History and Architectural Museum () is a Georgian national museum located in Zugdidi, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region, Georgia. The Dadiani Palaces History and Architecture Museum is considered to be one of the most eminent palaces in Caucasus. The first exhibition, of archaeological excavations of the ancient city of Nakalakevi was prepared by Megrelian prince David Dadiani and took place in 1840. Three palaces form the modern museum complex, parts of which are also Blachernae Virgin Church and Zugdidi Botanical Garden. The Dadiani Palaces History and Architecture Museum houses
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Vameq III Dadiani


hereditary possession. Vameq was a son of Giorgi II Lipartiani by his first wife Ana, probably his cousin and a daughter of Giorgi III Dadiani. Vameq succeeded to lordship of Salipartiano in 1618. In 1657, after the death of his relative, Levan II Dadiani, Vameq prevented his rival Liparit III Dadiani from becoming Mingrelia's next ruler. To his cause, Vameq was able to enlist support of King Alexander III of Imereti, but had to concede the border territory Levan II Dadiani had seized from Imereti as well as much
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George III Dadiani


the rebel, Gurieli took Sajavkho for himself and then allowed Dadiani's agents to kill Batulia in a prison in Ozurgeti. Close to the end of his reign, in 1581, Giorgi Dadiani, together with Gurieli, accompanied the king of Imereti, who, at the order of the Ottoman sultan, made a raid in eastern Georgia, in Inner Kartli. They found the locals in flight, burned down the emptied villages, and returned with no losses. After Giorgi Dadiani died in 1582, the princely throne was taken over
12372734
Shalva Dadiani


Shalva Dadiani (; May 9, 1874 – March 15, 1959) was a Georgian novelist, playwright, and a theatre actor. Born in Zestaponi, western Georgia (then Kutais Governorate of Imperial Russia), into the family of a writer and translator Prince Nikolaoz Dadiani (1844-1896), a member of the Dadiani noble family, and his wife, Princess Lydia Tsulukidze. He had a sister, Princess Mariam Dadani (1870-1958). He was a writer, playwright, producer and fiction writer. He
3445522
Vameq II Dadiani


Vameq II Dadiani (also Vamiq; ; died 1482) was a member of the House of Dadiani and "eristavi" ("duke") of Odishi (Mingrelia) in western Georgia from 1474 until his death. Vameq was the younger son of Mamia II Dadiani, brother of Liparit I, and a paternal uncle of Shamadavle, on whose death he succeeded as duke of Mingrelia in 1474. The circumstances of Vameq's accession are not specifically mentioned in the Georgian sources, but the Venetian patrician Ambrogio Contarini, arriving in
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George III Dadiani


to be compensated with the former fief of the Chiladze, known as Sachilao. To cement the peace, the king of Imereti acceded to Giorgi Dadiani's request and gave him in marriage a sister of his wife. For a few years, peace reigned in Mingrelia, but, , Giorgi Dadiani's uncle Batulia, the lord of Sajavakho, whom the Mingrelian ruler had earlier humiliated by taking his wife, plotted a revolt. Dadiani mobilized his loyal forces in time; Batulia had to flee to Guria. In exchange of capturing
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Mamia IV Dadiani


, Prince of Mingrelia, and younger brother of Levan's successor, Giorgi III Dadiani. He was married to a daughter of Rostom Gurieli, Prince of Guria. In 1573 or, according to the historian Cyril Toumanoff, in 1574, Mamia deposed his brother with the support of Giorgi Dadiani's old foe and his brother-in-law Giorgi II Gurieli, Prince of Guria, and assumed control of Mingrelia. Giorgi Dadiani fled to Abkhazia and employed the Abkhaz-Circassian forces to reclaim the throne, but Gurieli's army
12373155
Levan III Dadiani


Levan III Dadiani (), born Shamadavle (შამადავლე) (died 1680) was Prince of Mingrelia, of the House of Dadiani, from 1661 to 1680. His reign unfolded against the background of a series of civil wars in western Georgian polities, in which Levan III was an opponent of King Bagrat V of Imereti to whom he lost a battle and his own wife. Shamadavle was a son of Iese, brother of Levan II Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia. In 1661, he was installed by King Vakhtang V of
14028653
Grigol Dadiani


rights as rulers of Mingrelia were guaranteed. The Russian diplomats, having secured Ottoman neutrality on the Mingrelian issue, formalized the agreement with Dadiani with the Treaty of Dadichala on 1 December 1803, which was ratified by Tsar Alexander I on 20 March 1804. Dadiani was recognized as Prince of Mingrelia, the legal ruler of "Odishi, Lechkhumi, Svaneti, and Abkhazia", in exchange of Dadiani’s acceptance of the Tsar's suzerainty. The treaty, which would remain in force until 1856, made Mingrelia an autonomous principality within
16612404
David Dadiani


economy, and education. The Russian authorities, citing the Mingrelians' discontent with Dadiani's harsh measures, attempted, but failed to bribe him into resigning his office. David died of malaria at the age of 40. David Dadiani was born in the village of Chkaduashi near Zugdidi, Mingrelia's capital into the family of the prince-regnant Levan V Dadiani and his wife, Princess Marta, née Tsereteli. As an adolescent, David was sent to Tiflis to be educated under the guidance of the Russian generals Vasili Bebutov and
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David Dadiani


Dadiani promised to accommodate Russian interests in his principality. In general, David Dadiani was a loyal subject of the Russian crown throughout his rule. At the head of Mingrelian forces, he fought the anti-Russian rebels in neighboring Guria in 1841 and the Circassian tribes on the northwest Caucasian coastline later that year. In 1845, he was promoted to the rank of major-general. Dadiani was in dispute with his cousins, the Shervashidze family, in Abkhazia over the borderland fiefdom of Samurzakano. In 1847, the Russian government
20705336
Niko I Dadiani


Nikoloz "Niko" Dadiani () or Nikolay Davidovich Dadian-Mingrelsky () (4 January 1847 – 23 January 1903) was the last Prince of Mingrelia from 1853 to 1867. Of the House of Dadiani, one of the leading Georgian noble families, he succeeded on the death of his father, David Dadiani, but he never ruled in his own right; in his minority, the government was run by regency presided by his mother, Princess Ekaterina and, in 1857, Mingrelia was placed under a provisional Russian administration
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