Perito Moreno Glacier [SEP] mouth of the watercourse
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Perito Moreno Glacier


The Perito Moreno Glacier () is a glacier located in the Los Glaciares National Park in southwest Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. It is one of the most important tourist attractions in the Argentinian Patagonia. The ice formation, in length, is one of 48 glaciers fed by the Southern Patagonian Ice Field located in the Andes system shared with Chile. This ice field is the world's third largest reserve of fresh water. The Perito Moreno Glacier, located from El Calafate, was named after the explorer Francisco Moreno, a pioneer
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Retreat of glaciers since 1850


. Perito Moreno Glacier is in equilibrium, but has undergone frequent oscillations in the period 1947–96, with a net gain of . This glacier has advanced since 1947, and has been essentially stable since 1992. Perito Moreno Glacier is one of three glaciers in Patagonia known to have advanced, compared to several hundred others in retreat. The two major glaciers of the Southern Patagonia Icefield to the north of Moreno, Upsala and Viedma Glacier have retreated in 21 years and in 13 years respectively. In the Aconcagua River Basin, glacier retreat
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Perito Moreno, Santa Cruz


Perito Moreno is a town in the northwest of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, 25 km east of Lake Buenos Aires. It should not be confused with the Perito Moreno National Park over 300 km south by road, or the Perito Moreno Glacier near El Calafate. The town is the capital of the Lago Buenos Aires Department. It lies on the RN43, a paved road which links Caleta Olivia on the Atlantic coast to Los Antiguos and the Chilean frontier 60 km west, and Ruta 40, running north and south. The
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Perito Moreno Glacier


who studied the region in the 19th century and played a major role in defending the territory of Argentina in the conflict surrounding the international border dispute with Chile. The glacier is unusual in that it is advancing, while most glaciers worldwide are retreating. The reason remains debated by glaciologists. The terminus of the Perito Moreno Glacier is wide, with an average height of above the surface of the water of Argentino Lake, in Argentina. It has a total ice depth of . Pressure from the weight of the ice slowly pushes the
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Los Glaciares National Park


Roy and Cerro Torre. The southern part has, as well as a number of smaller ones, the major glaciers which flow into Lake Argentino: Perito Moreno Glacier, Upsala Glacier, and Spegazzini Glacier. Typical excursion boats travel between icebergs to visit Bahía Onelli, and the otherwise inaccessible Spegazzini and Upsala. Perito Moreno is reachable by land. The park has a cool and moist temperate climate. Mean temperatures range from in winter to in summer although at higher altitudes, the mean annual temperature can be around . The park receives
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Proglacial lake


jökulhlaup. Some of the largest glacial floods in North American history were from Lake Agassiz. In modern times, the Hubbard Glacier regularly blocks the mouth of Russell Fjord at 60° north on the coast of Alaska. A similar event takes place after irregular periods in the Perito Moreno Glacier, located in Patagonia. Roughly every four years the glacier forms an ice dam against the rocky coast, causing the waters of the Lago Argentino to rise. When the water pressure is too high, then the giant bridge collapses in what has
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Perito Moreno Glacier


, 1956, 1953, 1952, 1947, 1940, 1934 and 1917. It ruptures, on average, about every four to five years. As of February 2012, before the March 2, 2012 rupture, the glacier dammed the Brazo Rico. The water level there had risen 5.6 meters. Due to its size and accessibility, Perito Moreno is one of the major tourist attractions in southern Patagonia. It is less than two hours by bus from El Calafate, and many tour companies run daily visits. A large visitor
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Santiago Roth


from 1885 to 1891. There, he saw Nahuel Huapi Lake for the first time. Francisco Moreno (known as "Perito Moreno", the famous Perito Moreno Glacier in Patagonia is named after him), first director of the La Plata Museum in the new capital of the Province Buenos Aires, named Roth as head of the Department of Paleontology at this museum in 1895. His friend Florentino Ameghino worked at this institution as well. Moreno had a mandate from the Government of Argentina to work out a solution for the border
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El Calafate


hub to visit different parts of the Los Glaciares National Park, including the Perito Moreno Glacier and the Cerro Chaltén and Cerro Torre. The history of El Calafate began in the first decades of the twentieth century. Originally, it was simply a sheltering place for wool traders. The town was officially founded in 1927 by the government of Argentina to promote settlement, but it was the creation of nearby Perito Moreno National Park in 1937 that sparked growth and the building of better road access. The 220 kilometers separating Calafate from El Chaltén
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Santa Cruz Province, Argentina


north of El Calafate is the village of El Chaltén at the feet of the Cerro Torre and Mount Fitz Roy. Still not very developed, El Chaltén serves as a hub for various trekking routes including walks on the Viedma Glacier. 600 kilometres further north of El Chaltén, by the dirt road Ruta 40, the Cueva de las Manos near the town of Perito Moreno allows the few tourists who venture to this point to see the prehistoric wall paintings in the caves near the Pinturas River. Perito Moreno National Park and its lakes
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Retreat of glaciers since 1850


rate of retreat is increasing. This represents a loss of 8% of the ice field, with all glaciers experiencing significant retreat. The Southern Patagonian Ice Field has exhibited a general trend of retreat on 42 glaciers, while four glaciers were in equilibrium and two advanced during the years between 1944 and 1986. The largest retreat was on O'Higgins Glacier, which during the period 1896–1995 retreated . The Perito Moreno Glacier is long and is a major outflow glacier of the Patagonian ice sheet, as well as the most visited glacier in Patagonia
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Southern Patagonian Ice Field


The ice mass feeds dozens of glaciers in the area, among which are the Upsala (765 km), Viedma (978 km) and Perito Moreno (258 km) in the Los Glaciares National Park in Argentina, and the Pío XI Glacier or Bruggen Glacier (1,265 km, the largest in area and longest in the southern hemisphere outside of Antarctica), O'Higgins (820 km), Grey (270 km) and Tyndall (331 km) in Chile. The glaciers going to the west flow into the fjords of
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Francisco Moreno


new explorations of the territory south of the Río Negro and of Patagonia. He was appointed as chief of the Argentine exploring commission of the southern territories, and member of numerous European scientific societies. For his contributions to science, Moreno received a doctorate "Honoris causa" from the National University of Córdoba in 1877. He is also known for his role in defending Argentine interests. He made defining surveys that led to the Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina. In honor to this contribution, the Argentinian glacier Perito Moreno
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Perito Moreno Glacier


Tomás Rogers, sighted for the first time (by a non-native) the majestic glacier which he named "Francisco Gormaz", name of the Director of the Hydrographic Office of the Chilean Navy, sponsoring organization of the discovering expedition. Some years later, Rudolph Hauthal, attached to the Argentine Boundary Commission, met the glacier, and decided to name it "Bismarck" in honor of Prussian Chancellor. In 1881, the Boundary Treaty between Chile and Argentina was signed, which defined the boundaries of both countries in the
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Francisco Moreno


Francisco Pascasio Moreno (May 31, 1852 – November 22, 1919) was a prominent explorer and academic in Argentina, where he is usually referred to as "Perito" Moreno ("perito" means "specialist, expert"). Perito Moreno has been credited as one of the most influential figures in the Argentine incorporation of large parts of Patagonia and its subsequent development. Moreno was born to Francisco and Juana Thwaites Madero in Buenos Aires. Raised in a traditional patrician family, he studied in local parochial schools. He
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Perito Moreno Glacier


glacier over the southern arm ("Brazo Rico") of Argentino Lake, damming the section and separating it from the rest of the lake. With no outlet, the water level on the "Brazo Rico" side of the lake can rise by as much as 30 meters above the level of the main body of Argentino Lake. Intermittently, the pressure produced by the height of the dammed water breaks through the ice barrier causing a spectacular rupture, sending a massive outpouring of water from the Brazo Rico section to the main
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Perito Moreno Glacier


centre at the site features a walking circuit which allows visitors to view the southern flank and the east-facing edge of the glacier. In recent years, trekking tours on the ice have gained popularity. The two standard tours are a "mini-trekking" option, consisting of a short walk of about an hour and a half, and a "big ice" version, which is usually about five hours. Tour companies generally provide crampons to customers. In 1879, the British Captain of the Chilean Navy, Juan
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Santa Cruz Province, Argentina


hake and dozens of others. Most of the production is frozen and exported. There is little agriculture due to the arid nature of the soil. There is a small timber industry fed by both forests and planted trees, of which the wood of the lenga is the most exploited. Santa Cruz's most visited destination is Los Glaciares National Park and a number of glaciers of which the Perito Moreno Glacier is the most famous. Nearby El Calafate has an airport that connects the area with Buenos Aires and Trelew. Some 200 kilometres
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Nahuel Huapi National Park


services Perito Moreno was granted a huge tract of land around Nahuel Huapi Lake. In 1903, Perito Moreno donated of land in the area to the federal government. At the same time he proposed the creation of a national park. A decree of February 1, 1909 recognized that the area needed protection then in 1916 works begun to establish a park and it finally opened in 1922 as "Parque Nacional del Sur". The total surface of the incipient national park in 1916 surpassed that of the donations of Perito Moreno. It
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La Plata Museum


and its imposing glacier (named Perito Moreno Glacier in his honor). The large body of man-made and paleontological samples he gathered and carefully classified during this survey (which also led to the first border demarcation treaty with neighboring Chile, in 1881) led to his establishment of the Buenos Aires Archaeological and Anthropological Museum in 1877. Internationally respected naturalists such as Paul Broca and Rudolf Virchow contributed valuable donations to the institution, which was incorporated into the Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Museum. The 1882 establishment of the city of La
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Perito Moreno National Park


Perito Moreno National Park () is a national park in Argentina. It is located in the western region of Santa Cruz Province on the border with Chile. It has an area of 126,830 hectares of mountains and valleys at a height of 900 metres above sea level. The park is one of the oldest in Argentina having been established in 1937. It is named in honour of the explorer Francisco Moreno. The park has a cold climate ranging from a wet climate in the west to a dry one in the east. The
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Perito Moreno Glacier


body of Lake Argentino. As the water exits Brazo Rico, the scored shoreline is exposed, showing evidence of the height of the water build-up. This dam–ice-bridge–rupture cycle recurs naturally between once a year to less than once a decade. The last rupture occurred on March 13, 2018, and previously, March 10, 2016, March 4, 2012, 2008, 2006, 2004, 1988, 1986, 1980, 1977, 1975, 1972, 1970, 1966, 1963, 1960
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Wonders of the Universe


the same title was also published. In the first episode, Cox considers the fundamental nature of time while pondering the ruins at Chankillo in Peru. He explores the familiarly brief cycles of time that define the lives of humans on Earth (such as days, months, and years), and compares them to the cycles of time on a cosmically universal scale (such as our solar system's 250 million year circuit around the Milky Way). At the Perito Moreno Glacier Cox introduces the Arrow of Time and the idea of
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Argentine peso


, commemorating the bicentennial anniversary of the May Revolution, several 1-peso coins were issued, all featuring the same obverse, different from the main series, and images of different places on the reverse, such as Mar del Plata, the Perito Moreno Glacier, mount Aconcagua, the Pucará de Tilcara, and El Palmar. In 1992, banknotes were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 pesos. The 1-peso note was replaced by a coin in 1994. The pictures below are
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Latin America


del Mar, Guanajuato City, Bogotá, Santa Marta, San Andrés, San Miguel de Allende, Lima, Guadalajara, Cuzco, Ponce and Perito Moreno Glacier are popular among international visitors in the region. Latin American culture is a mixture of many cultural expressions worldwide. It is the product of many diverse influences: Due to the impact of Enlightenment ideals after the French revolution, a certain number of Iberian-American countries decriminalized homosexuality after France and French territories in the Americas in 1791. Some of the countries that abolished sodomy
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San Martín Base


part of the scientific project, called Perito Moreno, carried out under an agreement signed between the Instituto Antártico Argentino and the University of Freiburg in Germany. The researchers carry out studies on the displacement of glaciers and the dynamics of the snow layers. The shelter has a capacity for four people, food for 15 days, fuel, gas and first aid kit. The San Martín base has a polar climate that is moderated by its coastline position, hence having a mean for the mildest month. The most significant feature in the
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Patagonia


sheep common. Livestock also includes small numbers of cattle, and in lesser numbers, pigs and horses. Sheep farming provides a small but important number of jobs for rural areas with little other employment. In the second half of the 20th century, tourism became an ever more important part of Patagonia's economy. Originally a remote backpacking destination, the region has attracted increasing numbers of upmarket visitors, cruise passengers rounding Cape Horn or visiting Antarctica, and adventure and activity holiday-makers. Principal tourist attractions include the Perito Moreno glacier
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South America


Chiquitos, Los Roques archipelago, Gran Sabana, Patagonia, Tayrona National Natural Park, Santa Marta, Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, Cartagena, Perito Moreno Glacier and the Galápagos Islands. In 2016 Brazil hosted the 2016 Summer Olympics. South Americans are culturally influenced by their indigenous peoples, the historic connection with the Iberian Peninsula and Africa, and waves of immigrants from around the globe. South American nations have a rich variety of music. Some of the most famous genres include vallenato and cumbia from Colombia, pasillo from Colombia and
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Tunnel valley


which have also tentatively been determined to be tunnel valleys. Seismic profiles have also mapped large tunnel valleys on Banquereau Bank and Sable Island Bank. The Perito Moreno Glacier is located in the southern Southern Patagonian Ice Field, terminating in Lake Argentino at . It divides Lake Argentino into the Los Témpanos channel, and the Rico branch, blocking the channel and forming an ice dam. Lake Argentino periodically breaks through in outburst floods with drainage initially through a tunnel with subsequent roof collapse to form an open channel. There have been five known
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National Route 40 (Argentina)


Malal, and Zapala. It takes a route to the east of Bariloche to El Maitén and a junction with RN258 at Leleque. It then passes near Esquel and continues by Tecka, José de San Martín, and Alto Río Senguer to a junction with the RN43 at the town of Perito Moreno. The road then enters the most remote part of its route. south of Perito Moreno is the junction with a side road to Cueva de las Manos, and farther is the tiny settlement of Bajo Caracoles (population 100).
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Scouting and Guiding in Argentina


Christian as an assistant. In 1911 the branch opened in Boca — Barracks of the Young Men's Christian Association, located in the Montes de Oca 958 Street, 2nd Cía. of Barracas and "English High School" was born the 1st Cía. Villa Devoto. On September 3, 1911, Arthur Penny, the Patrol Guide Lomas de Zamora received a BP in the port, presented to Russell D. Christian with the "Perito" Moreno, then School Board President and Deputy National V. The "Perito" Moreno permission to
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Perito Moreno, Santa Cruz


town is a centre of cattle ranches and smallholdings producing fruit and vegetables. Tourism is also an important industry. Perito Moreno is the closest town to Cueva de las Manos, 170 km south by road, and Parque Laguna. In the 2010 census the town had a population of 4,617. The town was founded in 1910, as a rest stop for travellers by the springs which give rise to the Rio Deseado. The place was called Pari-Aike (meaning "place of reeds") by the Tehuelche, but the
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Metrobus (Buenos Aires)


and at one point this was going to be done using a Buenos Aires PreMetro service with a new PreMetro Line D1, however the Metrobus ultimately proved the most appealing to city planners. On 5 October 2015 the Metrobus 25 de Mayo was opened, being the first line to operate on an expressway. The line begins at the intersection of the Perito Moreno, Cámpora, Dellepiane and 25 de Mayo expressways and continues on across the 25 de Mayo before arriving in the vicinity of Constitución railway station and the Perito Moreno expressway where it
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Nahuel Huapi National Park


reaching Limay River in the vicinity of Nahuel Huapi Lake. In colonial times explorers in the search for the legendary "Ciudad de Los Cesares" visited the zone and Jesuit missionaries coming from Chiloé Archipelago established a precarious mission on the shores of the lake. In the 1870s and 1880s Perito Moreno undertook a series of exploration trips into Patagonia. Later he worked for the Argentine government's boundary commission. In short —Perito Morenos‘ explorations and work were fundamental for securing Argentine sovereignty of the Nahuel Huapi area. As compensation for his
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Francisco Moreno


entry to the museum. In 1902 Moreno was appointed "Perito" (a technical specialist or expert), in which capacity he disproved Chilean claims to the continental divide in the Southern Cone. Moreno proved that many Patagonian lakes draining to the Pacific Ocean were part of the Atlantic Ocean basin. During the quaternary glaciations, they had become dammed by moraines, which changed their outlets to drain to the west and Chilean territory. In 1903, Moreno donated some of the land previously given to him in order to establish the Nahuel
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Scouting and Guiding in Argentina


of the Patriotic Association "Work of the Homeland", consisting of eminent persons, chaired by Francisco Moreno Pascasio, to create a partnership that meets all scattered efforts. On 4 julo 1912 is the constituent assembly of the Argentine Association of Boy Scouts, whose participants were declared "Founders of Scouting in Argentina." Through the Patriotic Association "Work of the Homeland", consisting of eminent persons, chaired by its founder, "Perito" Francisco Moreno, coordinating with the Promoter of Scouting in Argentina sponsored by the YMCA;
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Emilio Frey


where he studied cartography and got an engineering degree in 1892. Dr. Francisco P. Moreno, called "Perito Moreno", asked Frey to join the "Comisión de Limites Argentina-Chile" in 1896. This commission was charged with the representation of Argentine interests in the border disputes with Chile, as the former treaty reached in 1881 Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina was contested by both countries. Many expeditions to the relevant parts of Patagonia were necessary. Frey could apply all his knowledge in topography and geography acquired in
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Scouting and Guiding in Argentina


F. Pearson. These patrols are two known then as the 1st Company Boy Scouts of Lomas de Zamora, now Scout Group No. 1 "General Juan Galo Lavalle" of Scouts de Argentina. The first activities were held at the home of Dr. Daniel Moreno (brother of Perito Moreno), who acts as a Scout Master and provides a space in its fifth placed at the intersection of the streets Leandro N. Alem and French, compared to the station Banfield. His first camp was a Morón, Buenos Aires, Gándara at
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Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Railway


branch was definitely closed. The Perito Moreno Highway would be later built over the tracks. Other branches closed were Villa Luro-Versalles (on 5 October 1952) and the "Basílica de Luján" In 1953 the first Grade crossing signals was installed in the Boyacá street level crossing of Flores district, having been the first in Argentina. In 1955 the works to improve the Once de Septiembre station began. One year later a new railway signalling system was installed on the Once-Moreno branch. On 30 June 1956, the
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Bariloche


development planners. Alejandro Bustillo designed the Edificio Movilidad, Plaza Perito Moreno, the Neo-Gothic San Carlos de Bariloche Cathedral, and the Llao Llao Hotel. Architect Ernesto de Estrada designed the Civic Centre of Barloche, which opened in 1940. The Civic Centre's tuff stone, slate and fitzroya structures include the Domingo Sarmiento Library, the Francisco Moreno Museum of Patagonia, City Hall, the Post Office, the Police Station, and the Customs. U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower visited Bariloche as a guest of President Arturo Frondizi in 1960
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Scouts de Argentina


with national scope and multi-faith guidance, formed by the merger of the USCA (Argentine Catholic Scouts Union) and the Association of Scouts of Argentina. It was founded by Perito Francisco Moreno with the name "Boy Scouts Association Argentinos" and subsequently known as the "National Association of Boy Scouts Argentinos", "Boy Scouts Argentinos", then declared "National Institution of Argentine Scouting" by presidential decree Dr. Hipólito Yrigoyen in 1917. It is also known as "Argentine Scouting National Institute"; all these indistinct names
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Nahuel Huapi National Park


Lake District, as there are many lakes in the park, including Nahuel Huapi, Mascardi, Gutiérrez, Traful, Guillelmo, and Perito Moreno Lakes. Cerro Catedral is a peak within the park and an important ski resort. Cerro Tronador, on the Chilean border, is the highest mountain in the park at . Bordering the park to the north is the Lanín National Park. Geological formations in the park and the reserve are generally tertiary rocks of volcanic origin coupled with andesites and porphyrys. The cliffs of the San Pedro Peninsula
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Cueva de las Manos


Cueva de las Manos (Spanish for Cave of Hands) is a cave or a series of caves located in the province of Santa Cruz, Argentina, south of the town of Perito Moreno. It is famous for (and gets its name from) the paintings of hands. The art in the cave dates from 13,000 to 9,000 years ago. Several waves of people occupied the cave, and early artwork has been carbon-dated to ca. 9300 BP (about 7300 BC). The age of the paintings was calculated
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Los Antiguos


Los Antiguos is a town in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, located on the south shore of Lago Buenos Aires. It lies 2 km from the border with Chile, and 8 km from the Chilean town of Chile Chico. It is connected to Perito Moreno and Caleta Olivia on the Atlantic coast by a paved road. The town is an agricultural oasis, where small farms produce fruit crops. It was founded as the Leandro Alem Agricultural Colony in 1921, and was formally designated as a municipality in 1970. The area was
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Flores, Buenos Aires


Flores is a middle class "barrio" or district in the centre part of Buenos Aires city, Argentina. Flores was considered a rural area of the Province of Buenos Aires until 1888 when it was integrated into the City. The limits of the neighbourhood are marked by several streets and avenues: Portela, Cuenca, Av. Gaona, Av. Donato Álvarez, Curapaligüe, Av. Directorio, Av. Carabobo, Av. Castañares, Torres y Tenorio, Av. Riestra, Av. Perito Moreno, Av. Castañares,
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Empresa Líneas Marítimas Argentinas


Ramón S. Castillo" and "General Manuel Belgrano". Then a series of three ships: "Buenos Aires II", "Córdoba" and "La Pampa". This brought the ELMA fleet to 23 ships totaling just over 272,000 tonnes. The last additions to the fleet came with three refrigerated vessels from Alianza Shipyards ( "Astilleros Alianza"): "Glaciar Perito Moreno", "Glaciar Viedma" and "Glaciar Ameghino". And two AFNE container ships: "Isla Gran Malvina" and "Isla Soledad"
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Patagonian Desert


Region. From the mid-19th century onwards several Argentine and European settlements, some of them sporadic, appeared at the edges of the desert. The most important was established at Chubut River's outflow by Welsh immigrants in 1860. Perito Moreno explored the desert in the 1870s. In the 1870s the Argentine army undertook the Conquest of the Desert campaign, massively defeating Mapuche warlords. The Conquest of the Desert was followed by a sharp decline in the indigenous population of the desert; some were chased into Chile and peripheral areas in the Andes
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Villa Luro


today a stop along the Sarmiento Line). The district's largest park, "Plaza Ejército de los Andes", was opened in 1939. A defunct Western Railway line that divided the neighbourhood diagonally was converted into the "Avenida del Justicialismo" in 1951, and this avenue was in turn replaced by the Perito Moreno Expressway in 1980. Villa Luro is also accessible from downtown Buenos Aires ( to the east) via Rivadavia Avenue, and the most of the high-rises in the largely low-density district were built
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Perito Moreno National Park


is "cerro Heros" (Heros hill) at 2,770 m. Nearby, but outside the boundary of the park lies the imposing "cerro San Lorenzo" (Monte San Lorenzo) which reaches 3,707 m in height, which is generally covered by clouds. To the north of the lake Belgrano the "cerro Leon" (Lion hill) reaches 1,380 m and to the east of the same lake, the "Gorra de Vasco" (Basque peak) reaches 1,140 m. Inside the Park the "Sierra Colorada" (Red plain
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Perito Moreno National Park


rivers in the basin traverse the Santa Cruz province and eventually reach the Atlantic to the east. Of the 24 species of mammal that can be found in the park the most exotic and endangered species is the small wildcat "gato pajero" ("Lynchailurus pajeros"). Another small wildcat found within the park is the "gato huiña" ("Oncifelis guigna") which is also endangered. Other species include guanaco, puma (cougar), pategonian fox, dwarf armadillo, ferret, skunk, tuco-tuco and
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Villa Soldati


Villa Soldati is a neighbourhood in Buenos Aires, Argentina, located in the South-West of the city. It has a population of approximately 41,000 people, 40% of which live in Barrio Soldati, a public housing development built between 1973 and 1979. The ward is delimited by 27 de Febrero Ave., Coronel Esteban Bonorino, General Francisco Fernández de la Cruz Ave., Varela, Perito Moreno Ave., Castañares, and Escalada streets. Founded in 1908 by Dr. José Soldati as "Villa Lugano," the
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Overdeepening


Overdeepening is a characteristic of basins and valleys eroded by glaciers. An overdeepened valley profile is often eroded to depths which are hundreds of metres below the deepest continuous line (the thalweg) along a valley or watercourse. This phenomenon is observed under modern day glaciers, in salt-water fjords and fresh-water lakes remaining after glaciers melt, as well as in tunnel valleys which are partially or totally filled with sediment. When the channel produced by a glacier is filled with debris, the subsurface geomorphic structure is found to be
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Hans Steffen


limited hydrographic surveys along the intricate Pacific coast of Aysén. The inland areas in dispute had been mainly explored by Argentines, notably Francisco Perito Moreno. Between 1893 and 1894 he explored with the Chilean Navy the basins of the Palena and Puelo Rivers. He explored the Manso, Aisén and Cisnes Rivers from 1896 to 1898. He then moved on to explore the channels south of Taitao Peninsula (46°S) mapping and describing the Gulf of Penas, and then exploring and naming Baker, Bravo and Pascua Rivers. He also
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Hooded grebe


year. Predation by kelp gulls ("Larus dominicanus") at some lakes, predation by the recently introduced American mink, the excessive grazing by sheep and low breeding potential have been cited as threats. Laguna Los Escarchados (the site where the species was discovered in 1974) was declared a reserve in 1979, but hold only a marginal population. In 1992, six individuals were recorded within Perito Moreno National Park. The key breeding lakes in the core of its range, lack any kind of legal protection, but the
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Cave painting


São João do Piauí, Coronel José Dias and Canto do Buriti. It has an area of 1291.4 square kilometres (319,000 acres). The area has the largest concentration of prehistoric small farms on the American continents. Scientific studies confirm that the Capivara mountain range was densely populated in prehistoric periods. Cueva de las Manos (Spanish for "Cave of the Hands") is a cave located in the province of Santa Cruz, Argentina, 163 km (101 mi) south of the town of Perito Moreno, within the borders
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Patagonia


planned to cover continental Argentine Patagonia to serve the oil, mining, agricultural, and energy industries, and a line was built connecting San Carlos de Bariloche to Buenos Aires. Portions of other lines were built to the south, but the only lines still in use are La Trochita in Esquel, the Train of the End of the World in[Ushuaia, both heritage lines, and a short run Tren Histórico de Bariloche to Perito Moreno. In the western forest-covered Patagonian Andes and archipelagoes, wood logging has historically been an important
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Avellaneda Park


the park, which was converted for use by Edenor, the public electric utility serving the area. The most dramatic change in the park's dimensions, however, took place after military-appointed Mayor Osvaldo Cacciatore's expropriation of a wide swath along Bilbao Avenue in 1977. The land was slated for the Perito Moreno Freeway, one of eight Cacciatore approved (though only three were built). Opened in 1980, the freeway's toll plaza takes up much of what was the park's southern section. These developments and nationwide
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National Route 40 (Argentina)


After a further , there is a junction with the road to Perito Moreno National Park, but there is no habitation apart from a police station and later an estancia until the small town of Tres Lagos, some further south. From Tres Lagos, the road is paved to a junction east of El Calafate and another junction at El Cerrito, where RN40 leaves the main highway to Rio Gallegos. The route then takes a roundabout route to Rio Gallegos through the town of 28 de Noviembre, where it turns east to follow the
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General Carrera Lake


the few settlements along the lake, such as Puerto Guadal, , Mallín Grande, Puerto Murta, Puerto Río Tranquilo, Puerto Sánchez, Puerto Ingeniero Ibáñez and Chile Chico in Chile, and Los Antiguos and Perito Moreno in Argentina. The area near the coast of the lake was first inhabited by criollos and European immigrants between 1900 and 1925. In 1971 and 1991, eruptions of the Hudson Volcano severely affected the local economy, especially that of sheep farming. A car ferry operates between Puerto Ingeniero Ibáñez and Chile Chico in the
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San Lorenzo de Almagro


small amount of money, and a few years later the supermarket chain Carrefour bought it. The price had mysteriously surged eightfold, but the Club did not get any extra money. After 14 years of renting the stadium, San Lorenzo, with the help of fans, inaugurated the new stadium, Estadio Pedro Bidegain (nicknamed "Nuevo Gasómetro"), which opened in December 1993 at the intersection of the Perito Moreno and Varela avenues in the Flores neighborhood. The fans, however, never forgot the old stadium, and its
5200163
Perito Moreno National Park


) is distinguished, of some 1,200 m, whose western slope is very abrupt, and whose coloring gives its name. Two main basins are distinguished, one on the Pacific side and the other on the Atlantic. They comprise eight lakes including Belgrano Lake along with numerous rivers and streams. The Pacific basin feeds into the "lago Mogote" (lake Mogote), which then flows into "lago Volcán" (lake Volcano). The Atlantic basin features "lago Burmeister" (lake Burmeister) at 932 m. The many
7001204
Moraine-dammed lake


A moraine-dammed lake occurs when the terminal moraine has prevented some meltwater from leaving the valley. Its most common shape is that of a long ribbon (ribbon lake). Example of moraine dammed lakes include: In the 19th century the Argentine explorer Francisco Perito Moreno suggested that many Patagonian lakes draining to the Pacific were in fact part of the Atlantic basin but had been moraine dammed during the quaternary glaciations changing their outlets to the west. He argued that as originally belonging to the Atlantic basin these lakes should be awarded to
11125665
Argentina–Chile relations


further disputes over whether the Andean peaks would constitute the frontier (favoring Argentina) or the drainage basins (favoring Chile). Argentina argued that previous documents referring to the boundary always mentioned the "Snowy Cordillera" as the frontier and not the continental divide. The Argentine explorer Francisco Perito Moreno suggested that many Patagonian lakes draining to the Pacific were in fact part of the Atlantic basin but had been moraine-dammed during the quaternary glaciations changing their outlets to the west. In 1902, war was again avoided when British King Edward
11527633
Perito Moreno National Park


park experiences strong and persistent westerly winds throughout the year. Mean annual rainfall ranges from in the west to in the east. Temperatures can fall below in winter. During summer, the mean temperature is around . Snowfalls can occur in every month. The park is located at around 900 metres above sea level, which is the height at which the valleys are inhabited. A series of mountain chains traverse the park from east to west and from north to south, resembling an imposing amphitheater. Inside the protected area the highest peak
7001202
Zelmar Michelini


abducted on 18 May 1976 by a paramilitary group. He was tortured and shot; his body was discovered on 21 May in an abandoned Torino sedan, at the corner of Perito Moreno and Dellepiane in Buenos Aires. Three other bodies were found in the car – Héctor Gutiérrez Ruiz, former Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies of Uruguay, and two Tupamaros militants, William Whitelaw and Rosario del Carmen Barredo, all of whom had also been tortured before they were killed. Judge Roberto Timbal put former dictator Bordaberry and former Foreign Minister
9775507
Neuquén Province


Nicolás Mascardi, founded the Jesuit mission "Nuestra Senora de Nahuel Huapi". The Jesuit missions lasted few years and the last mission in Neuquén was destroyed in 1717. The suppression of the Society of Jesus in 1767 halted further missionary activity. The Neuquén area came under Argentine influence after explorer Perito Francisco Moreno made several trips to Patagonia and made accurate descriptions of the area in his book "Viaje al Pais de las Manzanas", reaching Nahuel Huapi lake in 1875. In 1879 Julio Argentino Roca started the Conquest of the Desert
1922843
Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina


to the boundary always mentioned the "Snowy Cordillera" as the frontier and not the continental divide. Argentine explorer Francisco Perito Moreno suggested that many Patagonian lakes draining to the Pacific were part of the Atlantic basin but had been moraine-dammed during the quaternary glaciations, changing their outlets to the west. In 1902, war was again avoided when King Edward VII of Britain agreed to mediate between the two nations. He established the current border in the Patagonia region in part by dividing many disputed lakes into two equal parts; most
6122259
Glacier Republic


August 12, 2013, without distinguishing between glaciers located within the National System of State Protected Wild Areas (SNASPE) or outside SNASPE expresses that: "all projects in all its phases, the system must undergo Environmental Impact Assessment relate to when Dams, drainage, draining, dredging, or alteration defense, significant, bodies or natural watercourses, including " 'glaciers' " that are incorporated as such in a public inventory by the Directorate General of Water"; Expresses turn the holder of such activity or project must submit an
10657501
Nick Perito


and conductor. Como credited Perito with the idea of making his 1987 album, "Today". Perito worked with Como through his last performance: his Irish Christmas special in 1994. When Mitchell Ayres was killed in a traffic accident in 1969, former Como show producer Nick Vanoff, who was now with "The Hollywood Palace", suggested Perito as Ayres' replacement. Perito's other credits include the "Kennedy Center Honors", where he again worked with Vanoff. He was also the musical director for the American Film
566429
Garonne


most distant point (along watercourses from the river mouth) in the drainage basin from which water runs. The Ratera-Saboredo cirque is the "most distant point (along watercourses from the river mouth) in the drainage basin from which water runs", and the source of the Garonne, according to the United States Geological Survey, the National Geographic Society, and the Smithsonian Institution convention upon determining a stream's source. The Garonne follows the Aran Valley northwards into France, flowing via Toulouse and Agen towards Bordeaux, where
1652483
Héctor Gutiérrez Ruiz


abducted on 18 May 1976 by a paramilitary group. He was tortured and shot; his body was discovered on 21 May in an abandoned Torino sedan, at the corner of Perito Moreno and Dellepiane in Buenos Aires. Three other bodies were found in the car – Zelmar Michelini, former senator, and two Tupamaros militants, William Whitelaw and Rosario del Carmen Barredo, all of whom had also been tortured before they were killed. Judge Roberto Timbal put former dictator Juan María Bordaberry and former Foreign Minister Juan Carlos Blanco Estradé under preventive
9775417
Uranus Glacier


Uranus Glacier () is a glacier on the east coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica, long and wide at its mouth, flowing east into George VI Sound immediately south of Fossil Bluff. Along the south face of the glacier is an east–west escarpment called Kuiper Scarp. The glacier was probably first seen by Lincoln Ellsworth, who flew directly over it and photographed segments of this coast on November 23, 1935. The portion near the mouth of the glacier was first roughly surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition
20452906
Eros Glacier


Eros Glacier () is a glacier on the east coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica, long and wide at its mouth, flowing southeast from the Planet Heights into George VI Sound immediately north of Fossil Bluff. It was probably first seen on November 23, 1935, by Lincoln Ellsworth, who flew directly over the glacier and obtained photos of features north and south of it. The mouth of the glacier was observed and positioned by the British Graham Land Expedition in 1936 and the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1948
8776561
Gletsch


Gletsch () is a hamlet in the German-speaking half of the canton of Valais, located in the upper Rhone valley, called Obergoms ('Upper Goms'), , southeast below the Rhone Glacier's mouth and itself the headwaters of the Rhône. It is called Gletsch (some short of "Gletscher", the German term for glacier), since the first building was the predecessor of the "Hôtel Glacier du Rhône" (c. 1860) built more or less just next to the glacier's mouth in
15973494
Perito


Perito (Cilentan: "Prito") is a town and "comune" in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. As of 2011 its population was of 1,007. In the Middle Ages Perito had an important role as fortified town in control of the valleys below. From 1801 to 1860 it was a hamlet of Orria, then it became an independent municipality. Perito is a hill town located in Cilento, included into its national park. The municipal territory, partly crossed by Alento river
215518
Oshawa Creek


Oshawa Creek is a watercourse that flows from its headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine to its mouth on Lake Ontario, at Oshawa, Ontario. It drains a watershed of . In its lowest reaches, in Oshawa, two tributaries, Goodman's Creek and Montgomery Creek, join the watercourse. To the west it borders Lynde Creek, which also has its headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine, and the shorter watercourses Pringle Creek and Corbett Creek. Bowmanville Creek, to the east, also has its headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine
15142259
Prospect Park (Brooklyn)


to the west, Caton Avenue to the south, and Parade Place to the east. It contains the Parade Ground, which has fifteen numbered courts and fields for various sports. All of the waterways in Prospect Park are part of a single man-made watercourse. A winding naturalistic stream channel with several ponds feeds a lake at the south end of the park. In designing the watercourse, Olmsted and Vaux also took advantage of the preexisting glacier-formed kettle ponds and lowland outwash plains to create a drainage basin centered around
9126272
Avaqqat Kangerluat


has large active glacier at its head and on its sides. Puiattoq is a tributary fjord with an active glacier on Avaqqat Kangerluat's southern shore and Qassialik, another offshoot, extends 7 km WSW close to the mouth on the southern shore but has no glacier at its head. Southeast of the mouth along the coast there is a small bay named Qasigiaqartarfia. Uummannaarsuk is a island located about 4 km from Avaqqat, the point on the northern side of the fjord's mouth. The Avaqqat Paleo-Eskimo archaeological site is located
17728559
Nick Perito


Institute awards, as well as "The Don Knotts Variety Show", Andy Williams and Bing Crosby television specials. Perito wrote the music for the 1968 film, "Don't Just Stand There!" with Robert Wagner and Mary Tyler Moore. In the same year, Perito played the accordion on the only solo vocal album of his friend and associate, Ray Charles, "Memories of a Middle-Aged Movie Fan". Perito was also an influential arranger of background music for Muzak in the late 1960s and early 70s
566430
Merced River


stretching downstream past the mouth of Yosemite Valley, well into Merced Canyon. These glaciers formed the granite cliffs that now constitute landmarks such as Half Dome, El Capitán, and Cloud's Rest. The first and largest glacier was the Sherwin or Pre-Tahoe glacier, which eroded the upper Merced watershed to an extent close to its present form. Three stages followed during the Wisconsinian glaciation; these were the Tahoe, Tenaya and Tioga stages, of which the Tioga was the smallest. The Tioga glacier left at the mouth of
12430241
Washington, Perito & Dubuc


Washington, Perito & Dubuc was a United States law firm founded in 1987 as Laxalt, Washington, Perito & Dubuc. It was described by Paul Laxalt in 1987 as "essentially the Washington office" of Finley, Kumble, Wagner, Underberg, Manley, Myerson & Casey, a law firm that went bankrupt that year. Washington, Perito & Dubuc disbanded in August 1991, having lost nearly half its 110 lawyers since fall 1990, hit by the recession. Laxalt had left the company in January 1990 after the firm took
3404174
Nick Perito


Nicholas Perito (April 7, 1924 – August 4, 2005) was an American Hollywood composer and arranger and, for 40 years, the closest collaborator of singer Perry Como. Born in Denver, Perito's start in music was at an early age, when he received an accordion as a gift from his parents. Both his uncle and brother encouraged his learning by gifts of sheet music; as he mastered one song, he would then be given a new one as an incentive. Perito started performing at parties at a
566425
Nick Perito


early 1950s. Como had recorded a novelty song, "Hoop-De-Doo", and Perito was hired to accompany him on accordion for television performances of the song. He became the musical director of United Artists Records in 1961. In 1963, Como's musical conductor, Mitchell Ayres, wanted to hire some new arrangers for Como's television show; Ray Charles recommended Perito to Ayres. When Ayres left to take a job as the conductor of "The Hollywood Palace", Perito became the singer's music director
566428
Nick Perito


. He became the musical director for Bob Hope in 1993, and worked with Hope's wife, Dolores, when she decided to pick up her singing career after 60 years. Perito played accordion for actor Paul Sorvino's PBS musical special in 1996. Perito, along with musicians Dick Grove and Allyn Ferguson, was a founder and partner in the Grove School of Music in Van Nuys, California. The school was accredited in 1979 but could no longer afford to keep its doors open by 1991. His work earned Perito a
566431
Icelandair


, US starting in Sep 2017. In May 2017, Icelandair unveiled a glacier-themed special livery on Boeing 757-200 (registration TF-FIR) named Vatnajökull, the name of Europe's largest glacier. The special livery was created in order to commemorate Icelandair's 80th anniversary. In August 2017, Icelandair announced service five days per week to Cleveland, US, which began on May 16, 2018. Since the 1960s, Icelandair has offered passengers travelling on transatlantic flights between North America and Europe an opportunity to stopover
21131246
Ingolf Fjord


is located between Holm Land to the south and Amdrup Land to the north at the southern end of the Crown Prince Christian Land peninsula. On its eastern end lie the Wegener Islands, near its mouth in the Greenland Sea. Between Cape Jungersen to the north and to the south. On the fjord's southern shore lie the Princess Caroline-Mathilde Alps and the terminus of the Spaerre Brae glacier (), about from its mouth. is a high mountain rising west of the glacier. The Bjørne Glacier discharges from the west
21990849
Overdeepening


Overdeepening is exhibited across the range of glacially eroded geologic features. It is common to fjords, fjord lakes and cirques formed by glaciers constrained by mountainous terrain as well as tunnel valleys formed on the periphery to the continental glaciers which characterize ice ages. Fjords are formed when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley by erosion of the surrounding bedrock. Most fjords are overdeepened (i.e., deeper than the adjacent sea). Fjords generally have a sill or rise at their mouth caused by reduced erosion toward the mouth and added to
16817381
Sepik


May 1885. But the river, in fact, did not yet have a European name. It was thus termed "Kaiserin Augustafluß" by the explorer and scientist Otto Finsch, after the German Empress Augusta. The word 'Sipik' was first reported by A. Full as one of two names for the watercourse—the other being 'Abschima'—used by the natives living at the mouth of the river. A few years later, Leonhard Schultze applied the term 'Sepik' to the entire watercourse, and it took, although Schultze
9372594
Inglefield Gulf


the fjord where the smaller Hart Glacier, Sharp Glacier, Melville Glacier, and Farquhar Glacier have their terminus. As they discharge into the fjord all these glaciers are separated by nunataks, the largest of which is the Smithson Range. In the central area of the fjord the Hubbard Glacier discharges on the northern shore and the Hurlbut Glacier on the southern shore. The islands of Qeqertarsuaq (Herbert Island) and Kiatak (Northumberland Island) lie off the fjord's mouth. They are aligned from east to west, dividing the outer
8214821
Northwind Glacier


Northwind Glacier () is a large Antarctic glacier; one of the major sources of the Fry Glacier, in the Convoy Range, Victoria Land. The glacier drains the west part of Flight Deck Neve and flows north between Elkhorn Ridge and Sunker Nunataks to Fry Glacier. A lobe of the glacier flows west a short distance into the mouth of Greenville Valley. Named by the New Zealand Northern Survey Party (1956–57) of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition after the USCGC "Northwind" (WAGB-282), an icebreaker in the
6462450
North Creek (Toronto)


North Creek is a mostly buried watercourse that flows into Lake Ontario on the grounds of the former Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital now in Colonel Samuel Smith Park. Its mouth was at Kipling Avenue. Its headwaters were near the present day intersection of the Queen Elizabeth Way and Browns Line. Almost all the creek had been buried by 1960, but part of the creek remains and mouth now flows in an easterly direction instead of southerly into Lake Ontario. The mouth of Etobicoke Creek was approximately 2.5 km to the west of the mouth of North
11160504
Jorge Montt Glacier


Jorge Montt Glacier is a tidewater glacier located in the Aisén Region of Chile, south of the town of Caleta Tortel. It lies at the north end of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, within Bernardo O'Higgins National Park. The mouth of Pascua River is located in the vicinity of the glacier calving front. The total drainage area of the glacier is about . The glacier’s ice is thinning most at low elevations, where air temperature is the highest. Ice thinning between 1975 and 2000 averaged per year over the entire glacier,
15165770
Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve


John Muir found that the ice had retreated almost all the way up the bay, a distance of around . By 1916 the Grand Pacific Glacier was at the head of Tarr Inlet about 65 miles (105 km) from Glacier Bay's mouth. This is the fastest documented glacier retreat. Not all of the park's glaciers are in retreat. Two examples are the Johns Hopkins Glacier which, according to observations in 2012, has been advancing at the rate of per day, and the Margerie Glacier which is stable, neither
920034
Don River (Ontario)


The Don River is a watercourse in southern Ontario, that empties into Lake Ontario, at Toronto Harbour. Its mouth was just east of the street grid of the town of York, Upper Canada, the municipality that evolved into Toronto, Ontario. Of the various watercourses that drained Toronto, the Don, the Humber River, and the Rouge River have headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine. The Don is formed from two rivers, the East and West Branches, that meet about north of Lake Ontario while flowing southward into the
15180333
Eider Canal


. Though the new canal's western end is farther south (at the mouth of the Elbe), much of the Eider Canal's watercourse was reused for the new waterway. Many sections were deepened, and some were straightened, cutting off bends that still exist as lakes. The new canal was opened by Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1895. In 1783, as part of the canal's development, three warehouses (called "packing houses" in German) were built along the watercourse: one at the Kiel-Holtenau lock
20050281
2015 Gent–Wevelgem


of victory in the race. These included classics riders such as Sep Vanmarcke (), Daniel Oss and Greg Van Avermaet (both ) and sprinters such as André Greipel (), Arnaud Démare (), Nacer Bouhanni (), Sam Bennett (), Heinrich Haussler (), Sacha Modolo (), Adam Blythe (), Tyler Farrar and Edvald Boasson Hagen (both ). Moreno Hofland () was also expected to be among the favourites, but he withdrew the day before the race with an illness.
16778181
Aletsch Glacier


on the east side, near , lies a small glacier lake, (); from the western side used to enter the , but since the end cof the 20th century the connection with the Aletsch Glacier has been lost. Further down, until about 1880, the did also enter the Aletsch Glacier at its mouth. But since then both glaciers have been retreating so far that they do not connect anymore (the Upper Aletsch Glacier did retreat about from its connecting point with the Aletsch Glacier), but both serve now only
2754522
Glacier Bay Basin


Inlet, about from Glacier Bay's mouth. This is the fastest documented glacial retreat ever. In 1925, Glacier Bay was declared a national monument. For centuries, the Glacier Bay has been the home land of the Huna Tlingit native tribes of Alaska. Their oral traditions indicate being displaced by the last advance of the glacier. They continue to be part of the Bay residents and it is woven into the "tapestry of their lives". Glacier Bay is subsumed within the larger about National Park and Preserve. The preserve
4241168
Lindenow Fjord


Island at the southern end of its mouth. The fjord branches at its head with a number of glaciers feeding its waters. The Nørrearm, its largest tributary fjord, has its mouth on the northern shore of Lindenow Fjord, about 22 km from the Lindenow Fjord's mouth. Apostelens fjord drains into the Nørrearm from the west. In 1999 Apostlens fjord was filled by the Apostlenes Glacier in its innermost 2.5 km. In 2012 the ice tongue onto the fjord had disappeared. A little further west the Sønderarm, a smaller tributary
12862482
Jackson Creek (Toronto)


Jackson Creek is a watercourse that flows into Lake Ontario near 10th Street, in the New Toronto neighbourhood of Etobicoke, a suburb of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is part of the Great Lakes Basin. Its headwaters were approximately five kilometers northwest—north of Bloor Street, near Highway 427. Portions of the watercourse remain above-ground today. The creek is named for Jackson Farm, the historical location of its mouth. Even though lost, for now, Jackson Creek is a strong candidate for day-lighting with
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