Klingon language [SEP] from fictional universe
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Klingon language


a list maintained by the KLI until 2005 and has since then been followed up by Klingon expert Lieven Litaer. Within the fictional universe of "Star Trek", Klingon is derived from the original language spoken by the messianic figure Kahless the Unforgettable, who united the Klingon home-world of codice_3 under one empire more than 1500 years ago. Many dialects exist, but the standardized dialect of prestige is almost invariably that of the sitting emperor. The Klingon Language Institute regards the following works as canon Klingon; they serve as sources
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The Klingon Way


The Klingon Way: A Warrior's Guide (Klingon: tlhIngan tIgh: SuvwI' DevmeH paq) is a 1996 book by the linguist Marc Okrand that was published by Pocket Books. "The Klingon Way" is a collection of proverbs and sayings in the constructed language of Klingon, ascribed to the Klingon race and Klingon culture in the fictional "Star Trek" universe. Okrand first began constructing the Klingon language in the 1980s when he was hired to produce Klingon dialogue for "", going on to publish "The Klingon
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Klingon language


The Klingon language (', , in ' ), sometimes called Klingonese, is the constructed language spoken by the fictional Klingons in the "Star Trek" universe. Described in the 1985 book "The Klingon Dictionary" by Marc Okrand and deliberately designed to sound "alien", it has a number of typologically uncommon features. The language's basic sound, along with a few words, was first devised by actor James Doohan ("Scotty") and producer Jon Povill for "". That film marked the first
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Klingon language


1987)—in which one of the main characters, Worf, was a Klingon—and successors, the language and various cultural aspects for the fictional species were expanded. In the "" episode "A Matter of Honor", several members of a Klingon ship's crew speak a language that is not translated for the benefit of the viewer (even Commander Riker, enjoying the benefits of a universal translator, is unable to understand) until one Klingon orders the others to "speak their [i.e., human] language". A
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Fictional language


A notable subgenre of fictional languages are alien languages, the ones that are used or might be used by putative extraterrestrial life forms. Alien languages are subject of both science fiction and scientific research. Perhaps the most fully developed fictional alien language is the Klingon language of the Star Trek universe – a fully developed constructed language. The problem of alien language has confronted generations of science fiction writers; some have created fictional languages for their characters to use, while others have circumvented the problem through translation devices or other fantastic technology. For
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Klingon


join with the Romulans to fight the Dominion. Among the elements created for the revised Klingons was a complete Klingon language, developed by Marc Okrand from gibberish suggested by actor James Doohan. Spoken Klingon has entered popular culture, even to the extent that the works of William Shakespeare and parts of the Bible have been translated into it. A dictionary, a book of sayings, and a cultural guide to the language have been published. According to the "Guinness World Records", Klingon is the world's most popular fictional language
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Klingon Language Institute


The Klingon Language Institute (KLI) is an independent organization located in Flourtown, Pennsylvania, United States. Its goal is to promote the Klingon language and culture. The KLI has members from all over the world. For 13 years, it published a quarterly journal "codice_1" (Klingon for "linguistics"), before discontinuing the paper mailings and changing to an electronic version which quickly stopped entirely. It also published the fiction and poetry magazine "codice_2". Each year, the KLI hosts a five-day conference
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Klingon


who speak the language in the "Star Trek" series are more concerned with its expression than the actual grammar. According to the 2006 edition of Guinness World Records, Klingon is the most spoken fictional language by number of speakers, Klingon is one of many language interfaces in the Google search engine, and a Klingon character was included in the before its May 2010 update, when it was replaced by a Geʿez character. As the Klingons are portrayed as a warrior culture, Klingon starships are usually depicted as warships, heavily armed
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Marc Okrand


Marc Okrand (; born July 3, 1948) is an American linguist. His professional work is in Native American languages, and he is well known as the creator of the Klingon language in the "Star Trek" science fiction franchise. As a linguist, Okrand worked with Native American languages. He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1970. His 1977 doctoral dissertation from the University of California, Berkeley, was on the grammar of Mutsun, an extinct Ohlone language formerly spoken in the
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List of Star Trek novels


" published by E. P. Dutton. Variants were made available to the Science Fiction Book Club. "The Klingon Hamlet" is a translation of William Shakespeare's "Hamlet" into Klingon. Originally published as a limited edition by the Klingon Language Institute in 1996. Reprinted in 2000 by Pocket Books as "The Klingon Hamlet". Also known as "The Tragedy of Khamlet, Son of the Emperor of Qo'noS", and "Hamlet, Prince of Denmark: The Restored Klingon Version". The Science Fiction Book Club has
8878054
The Final Reflection


. In particular, the fictional Klingon language "klingonaase" is introduced here, in advance of the creation of the canon version of the Klingon language, "tlhIngan Hol". Particular aspects of Klingon society depicted include: The novel concerns an intergenerational conflict within the Klingon government, between a faction wanting war with the Federation and a faction desiring accommodation for fear of Klingon defeat. The Klingon ambassador and his associates play a surprising role in this conflict, one which remains secret until the publication of a "tell-all"
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Klingon Language Institute


At these meetings, attendees talk about Klingon and in Klingon in a school-like style, with lessons, lectures and exercises. It is usually at a professional level and cannot be compared to a standard science fiction convention. Parallel to this annual meeting, many members of the KLI also organize their own "small meetings", in Klingon called "codice_6", which are informal and local small gatherings to practice the Klingon language. At the "codice_3" of the year 2003, a documentary movie about the KLI
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QepHom


The word codice_1 (, Klingon for "small gathering") is generally used for any kind of gathering where people may talk about or in Klingon, a fictional language created for "Star Trek". In Germany, the word has become commonly used for a specific annual meeting in Saarbrücken, because it is the largest meeting of its kind. The annual world conference of the Klingon Language Institute is called "codice_2", the Klingon word for "major meeting" (using "codice_3" "meeting" plus the augmentative
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Klingon scripts


The Klingon scripts are fictional alphabetic scripts used in the "Star Trek" movies and television shows to write the Klingon language. In Marc Okrand's "The Klingon Dictionary", the Klingon script is called "codice_1", but no information is given about it. When Klingon letters are used in Star Trek productions, they are merely decorative graphic elements, designed to simulate real writing and to create an appropriate atmosphere. The Astra Image Corporation designed the letters currently used to "write" Klingon for "", although they
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Lawrence M. Schoen


, the quarterly journal of the KLI, for the entirety of its 13-year run. He was featured in Director Alexandre O. Philippe's documentary about the Klingon Language Institute, "" (2004). In 2011, he produced a daily Klingon language podcast called codice_2. (See Klingon Language Institute#Publications.) Schoen is the publisher and chief editor for Paper Golem, a speculative fiction small press started in November, 2006. The first book it published was "Prime Codex", an anthology of previously published stories by members of
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Stovokor (band)


in Klingon costumes and many of the band's lyrics are written in Klingon language. The band is named for Sto-vo-kor, the afterlife of "Star Trek"s fictional Klingon species. Although acknowledging a debt to Klingon-themed karaoke, according to guitarist Ward Young, the band has chosen the perfect genre for their characters: "Klingons are very macho, very militaristic, and metal is definitely their music." Band members have been known to strictly adhere to their personas. At a concert held at Lewis and
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Fictional language


or people group to whom the language belongs. Commercial fictional languages are those languages created for use in various commercial media, such as: While some languages are created purely from the desire of the creator, language creation can be a profession. In 1974, Victoria Fromkin was the first person hired to create a language (Land of the Lost's Paku). Since then, notable professional language creators have included Marc Okrand (Klingon), David Peterson (Game of Thrones languages), and Paul Frommer (Na'vi).
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Firstborn (Star Trek: The Next Generation)


"Firstborn" is the 173rd episode of the American science fiction television series "". The 21st episode of the . It was broadcast on television in April 1994, and features events that take place on a starship in the 24th century in the "Star Trek" science fiction universe. Worf is visited by a mysterious Klingon saying Worf's brother Kurn sent him to help Alexander grow into becoming a Klingon warrior. Worf is concerned that his son Alexander is not pursuing his Klingon heritage and has no desire to become a Klingon
9365165
Worst Episode Ever


Moe's Tavern, Moe says "Get out and take your Sacagawea dollars with you" to one of his customers. A Sacagawea dollar is a United States dollar coin which has been minted since 2000. After he is thrown out of Moe's Tavern, Comic Book Guy says the word "loneliness" in Klingon, a language used by the fictional Klingons in the "Star Trek" universe. While arguing with Agnes, Comic Book Guy says "Now I know what ever happened to Baby Jane." The line is
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Hoshi Sato


Hoshi Sato , played by Korean American actress Linda Park, is a fictional character in the science fiction television series "". Sato, born in 2129, is the communications officer aboard the starship "Enterprise (NX-01)", and also a linguist who can speak more than forty languages (polyglotism), including Klingon. She is an acknowledged linguistic genius and expert at operating the universal translator, which was a key instrument in allowing cultures from different worlds to communicate. Relatively little of Sato's background has been explored in
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Kahless


Kahless the Unforgettable is a fictional character in the "Star Trek" universe. He is portrayed in "" by Robert Herron and in "" by Kevin Conway. Kahless (pronounced: /keɪ̯.lɛs/ [kay-les] or /keɪ̯.lɪs/ [kay-lis]; "pIqaD" letters: "qeylIS") is a messianic figure in Klingon history, who unified the Klingon people and became the first Klingon emperor. The Klingons' most important symbol of leadership, Kahless said that Klingons should fight not just to shed blood,
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ʼuʼ


ʼuʼ (, beginning and ending with a glottal stop) is the first opera in the Klingon language, billed as "The first authentic Klingon opera on Earth". It was composed by Eef van Breen to a libretto by Kees Ligtelijn and Marc Okrand under the artistic direction of Floris Schönfeld. The story of "codice_1" is based on the epic legend of "Kahless the Unforgettable", a messianic figure in the fictional Klingon history. The premiere of the opera in The Hague on 10 September 2010 was a success,
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Klingon High Council


In the fictional "Star Trek" universe the Klingon High Council (in Klingon tlhIngan yejquv) is the supreme ruling body of the Klingon Empire. The council meets at the Great Hall of the First City of the Klingon Empire on the planet Qo'noS (also known as Kronos in Federation standard). The High Council is presided over by the Chancellor, and is composed of a loosely faction-based, informal cabinet. Prominent members are generally leaders of one of the various Houses of the Empire – most of the seats are
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Klingon culture


Klingon culture describes the customs and practices of Klingons in the fictional "Star Trek" universe. In the original series (TOS), "" (1966-1969) modeled the conflict between the Federation and the Klingon Empire on the Cold War (1947-1991), a period of geopolitical tension between the Western countries and the Soviet Union. TOS Klingons were not given many cultural traits, either original or Soviet-like, beyond a generic need for domination and tyranny. However, they were typically portrayed with bronze
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Frank Wu (artist)


Frank Wu is an American science fiction and fantasy artist living in Dedham, Massachusetts. He won the Hugo Award for Best Fan Artist four times, in 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2009. Wu works in many media, including acrylic and digital painting, and created a portrait of a Klingon girl for a documentary about the Klingon language, "Earthlings: Ugly Bags of Mostly Water". He is a regular contributor to science fiction webzines, such as "The Drink Tank", and in 2009 announced his ultimately unsuccessful
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Fictional language


artistic languages by both purpose and relative completion: a fictional language often has the least amount of grammar and vocabulary possible, and rarely extends beyond the absolutely necessary. At the same time, some others have developed languages in detail for their own sake, such as J. R. R. Tolkien's Quenya and Sindarin (two Elvish languages), "Star Trek"s Klingon language and "Avatar"'s Na'vi language which exist as functioning, usable languages. By analogy with the word "conlang", the term "conworld" is used
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Languages in Star Wars


fictional constructed languages. He characterized Ubese as a "sketch" of a language rather than a fully developed language and categorized it as a "fake language" intended to "give the impression of a real language in some context without actually being a real language". Ultimately, he criticized Ubese as "poorly constructed and not worthy of serious consideration". Ben Zimmer labeled the method of language construction in "Star Wars" "a far cry" from that of constructed languages like Klingon, Na'vi, and Dothraki, and
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Bible translations into fictional languages


aim to parody the entire Bible in "LOLspeak", the slang popularized by the LOLcat Internet phenomenon. LOLspeak has been called "kitty pidgin" and also been likened to baby talk. The project relies on contributors to adapt passages. As of March 27, 2008, approximately 61% of the text had been adapted. Co-ordinated by Kevin Wilson, the KBTP has assumed the immense task of translating the books of the Bible, both the Old and New Testaments, into Klingon. Promoted by the Klingon Language Institute
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The Klingon Way


what they're listening to." Okrand went on to produce "Klingon for the Galactic Traveler" (1997), a second major expansion of the Klingon language. This work presents an overview of Klingon culture as depicted in the Klingon language, containing several more Klingon proverbs and locutions, and may be considered a companion book to "The Klingon Way". The Klingon Language Institute considers both to be canonical sources of the Klingon language, holding that only Okrand's work can be considered canonical. Okrand's various works have
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Klingon language


board. This performance was reprised on February 27, 2011 featuring Stephen Fry as the Klingon Osric and was filmed by the BBC as part of a 5-part documentary on language entitled "Fry's Planet Word". Google Search and "Minecraft" each have a Klingon language setting. The 2003–2010 version of the puzzle globe logo of Wikipedia, representing its multilingualism, contained a Klingon character. When updated in 2010, the Klingon character was removed from the logo, and substituted with one from the Ge'ez script. A was started in
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Worf


Worf, son of Mogh ("wo'rIv mogh puqloD" in the Klingon language) is a fictional character in the "Star Trek" franchise. He appears in the television series "" "(TNG)" and seasons four through seven of "" "(DS9)" as well as the feature films "Star Trek Generations" (1994), "" (1996), "" (1998), and "" (2002). Worf is the first Klingon main character to appear in "Star
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Klingon


The Klingons ( ; Klingon: "tlhIngan" ) are a fictional species in the science fiction franchise "Star Trek". Developed by screenwriter Gene L. Coon in 1967 for the original "Star Trek" ("TOS") series, Klingons were swarthy humanoids characterized by prideful ruthlessness and brutality. Klingons practiced feudalism and authoritarianism, with a warrior caste relying on slave labor. With a greatly expanded budget for makeup and effects, the Klingons were completely redesigned for "" (1979), acquiring ridged foreheads. In subsequent
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The Klingon Way


the Klingon Language Institute. This group began, in 1992, to publish "HolQeD" ("Linguistics"), a scholarly journal devoted to the study of the Klingon language. Okrand also produced two audio tapes, "Conversational Klingon" and "Power Klingon". The existing lexicon of Klingon was expanded with the publication of Okrand's "The Klingon Way" in 1996. Okrand includes a number of linguistic jokes in his books on Klingon. For example, he has described his development of the Klingon language with reference
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Klingon language


time the language had been heard on screen. In all previous appearances, Klingons spoke in English, even to each other. Klingon was subsequently developed by Okrand into a full-fledged language. Klingon is sometimes referred to as "Klingonese" (most notably in the "" episode "The Trouble with Tribbles", where it was actually pronounced by a Klingon character as "Klingonee" ) but, among the Klingon-speaking community, this is often understood to refer to another Klingon language called Klingonaase that was introduced in
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Brithenig


Brithenig is an invented language, or constructed language ("conlang"). It was created as a hobby in 1996 by Andrew Smith from New Zealand, who also invented the alternate history of Ill Bethisad to "explain" it. Brithenig was not developed to be used in the real world, like Esperanto or Interlingua, nor to provide detail to a work of fiction, like Klingon from the "Star Trek" scenarios. Rather, Brithenig started as a thought experiment to create a Romance language that might have evolved if
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Klingon language


music, literature and television) Klingon is also used frequently as a reference to Star Trek. In 2010, a Chicago Theatre company presented a version of Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol" in Klingon language and a Klingon setting. On September 25, 2010, the Washington Shakespeare Company (now known as WSC Avant Bard) performed selections from "Hamlet" and "Much Ado About Nothing" in the Klingon language in Arlington, Virginia. The performance was proposed by Okrand in his capacity as chairman of the group's
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Klingon High Council


debate; as is what role, if any, the High Council played. The Klingon-language translation of "Hamlet" suggests that the Emperor is "First Among Equals" in Klingon politics - but this may not be the generally accepted view in the "Star Trek" universe. From about the mid 21st century to 2369, there was no Emperor. In 2369, Kahless the Unforgettable apparently reappeared on the planet Boreth; upon which the original Kahless said he would one day return. It was later revealed that the
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Klingon Language Institute


wrote for the Institute's scholarly journal codice_11. Yampell is also the author and co-author of numerous songs, such as the Klingon Anthem "codice_12" (music and lyrics), "codice_13" (music and lyrics), and "codice_14" (music). Dr. d'Armond Speers is an American computational linguist and a member of the KLI. He graduated from Georgetown University in the Spring of 2002. His dissertation topic was "Representation of American Sign Language for Machine Translation." Speers is known for having undertaken
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Klingon


atonement—and words like God (until the recent addition of "Qun" meaning "god")—are not found in the Klingon vernacular. From time to time, Okrand has amended the "official" list of Klingon vocabulary due in part to requests from the Institute and other groups. Other Klingon groups run blood drives, bowling teams, and a golf championship. The Klingon language's prevalence is not limited to books; a three-disc video game, "", requires players to learn the language to advance. In May
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Star Trek canon


with grammar rules and phonology, and went so far as to publish "The Klingon Dictionary" (1985, revised edition 1992); the Klingon Language Institute was created soon thereafter. Okrand's Klingon language was used to write the Klingon dialogues heard in several "Star Trek" movies and episodes. Okrand has developed the language in an important way in two audio-courses: "Conversational Klingon" (1992) and "Power Klingon" (1993), and in two books: "The Klingon Way" (1996
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Star Trek: The Next Generation


universe. The Klingon stories usually involve Worf, but not all Worf-centric shows are focused on Klingons. The famous Duras sisters, a Klingon duo Lursa and B'Etor, were introduced on "TNG" in 1991 in the episode "Redemption" and they later appeared in the film "Generations". One of the science fiction technologies featured in "Star Trek: The Next Generation" was an artificial reality machine called the "Holodeck", and several award-winning episodes featured plots centering on the peculiarities of this device
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Klingon Language Institute


Lawrence M. Schoen is the founder and current director of the KLI. He is the editor of the Institute's scholarly journal "codice_1" and co-creator of the Klingon song "codice_14" (lyrics). With only two exceptions, he has been the organizer of the KLI's annual summer conference, or "codice_3". He obtained a bachelor's degree in psycholinguistics from California State University, Northridge, and then master's and doctoral degrees in cognitive psychology from Kansas State University. He has worked as a professor
4462148
Quenya


but Tolkien never mentioned this. Some linguists have argued that Quenya can be understood as an example of a particular kind of artificial language that helps to create a fictional world. Other such languages would include Robert Jordan's Old Tongue and the Klingon language of the "Star Trek" series invented by Marc Okrand. It was observed that they form "a sociolinguistic context within which group and individual identities can be created." Two journals, "Vinyar Tengwar" from issue No. 39 (July 1998), and "Parma
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Klingon language


June 2004 at "tlh.wikipedia.org". It was permanently locked in August 2005 and moved to Wikia. The Klingon Wiktionary was closed in 2008. The file management software XYplorer has been translated into Klingon by its developer. Microsoft's Bing Translator attempts to translate Klingon from and to other languages. It can do a good job with individual words, and with phrases included in its training corpus, but it is not well tuned for Klingon's system of prefixes and suffixes. For example, "You must study it" is rendered
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The Klingon Way


Dictionary". "The Klingon Way" expanded the Klingon lexicon, and was followed by "Klingon for the Galactic Traveler". An audiobook version of "The Klingon Way", featuring the voices of Michael Dorn and Roxann Dawson, was produced by Simon & Schuster Audio. The Klingon Language Institute considers "The Klingon Way" to be a canonical source of the Klingon language, and the book, along with Okrand's other work on the subject, has become highly important for a section of the "Star Trek"
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A Klingon Christmas Carol


by local Twin Cities Klingon fan groups. After receiving favorable reviews, the play expanded its Twin Cities production to two performances in 2008 and a three-week (12 night) run in 2009 (at the Paul & Sheila Wellstone Center and Mixed Blood Theater, respectively). The 2009 production featured a script with Klingon-language revisions by Chris Lipscombe, a member of the Klingon Language Institute. In 2010, "A Klingon Christmas Carol" was further expanded and revised by Kidder-Mostrom. Scenes originally absent from the
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Weapons in Star Trek


The "Star Trek" fictional universe contains a variety of weapons, ranging from missiles (the classic photon torpedo) to melee (primarily used by the Klingons, a race of aliens in the "Star Trek" universe). The "Star Trek" franchise consists primarily of several multi-season television shows and a dozen movies, as well as various video games and inspired merchandise. Many aspects of the fictional universe impact modern popular culture, especially the lingo and the idea of a spacecraft launching space torpedoes and firing lasers
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Klingon grammar


The grammar of the Klingon language was created by Marc Okrand for the "Star Trek" franchise. He first described it in his book "The Klingon Dictionary". It is a nominative–accusative, primarily suffixing agglutinative language, and has an object–verb–subject word order. The Klingon language has a number of unusual grammatical features, as it was designed to sound and seem alien, but it has an extremely regular morphology. Klingon follows an object–verb–subject word order. Adverbs usually go at the
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Klingon language


the first language course written in pIqaD and approved by CBS and Marc Okrand. It was translated by Jonathan Brown and Okrand and uses the codice_2 TrueType font. In August 2016, a company in the United Kingdom, Bidvine, began offering Klingon lessons as one of their services. In March 2018, the popular language learning site Duolingo opened a beta course in Klingon. There are Klingon language meetings and linguists or students are interested in researching this topic, even writing essays about the language or its users. In the media (
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Klingon Language Institute


, teaching and doing research, at New College of Florida, Lake Forest College, Chestnut Hill College, and West Chester University. More recently he serves as the director of research and chief compliance officer for the Wedge Medical Center. He is also a professional science fiction author, a lifetime member of SFWA, and in 2007 was a finalist for the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer. He resides in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania USA, where he also maintains a post office box, the international headquarters of the KLI
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Bible translations into fictional languages


(whose goals do not include missionary work, but this project was considered worthy of KLI's efforts for purely secular reasons). NSKOL has published two volumes containing several portions of the Bible translated. One can find online the following specimen: The linguist Nick Nicholas has also translated the Gospel of Mark into Klingon Link Naʼvi is the constructed language of the Naʼvi, the sapient humanoid indigenous inhabitants of the fictional moon Pandora in the 2009 film "Avatar". It was created by Paul Frommer, a professor at the USC Marshall
13186342
ʼuʼ


a number of typologically uncommon features. As Klingon characters became more important in later "Star Trek" films and television series, Okrand continued to expand the language, and it has become a spoken language with a number of fluent speakers. As depicted in "Star Trek", the Klingons are passionate opera lovers. According to the official webpage for the opera, "Klingon opera uses the principle of musical combat. Beauty in Klingon music comes from the impact of two opposing forces." "codice_1" is translated to English
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Constructed script


a system of symbols, not a creation by design. Some, like the Korean Hangul, Cherokee, N'Ko, Fraser, Tangut and Pollard scripts, were invented to allow certain spoken natural languages that did not have adequate writing systems to be written. Armenian, Georgian, and Glagolitic may fit in this category, though their origin is not known. The best-known constructed scripts dedicated to fictional languages are J. R. R. Tolkien's elaborate Tengwar and Cirth, but many others exist, such as the Klingon script from "
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Klingon Language Institute


called "codice_3" (Klingon for "great meeting"), which is open to both members and anyone interested in the language. At this conference, an annual $500 scholarship is bestowed upon an undergraduate or graduate linguistics student. The KLI is running several projects, including the translation into Klingon of the Bible and works by Shakespeare. The motto of the institute is "codice_4", which means "Language opens worlds". The KLI is a nonprofit corporation and exists to facilitate the scholarly exploration of the Klingon language
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Klingon


but not all of whom were "Star Trek" fans, created the Klingon Language Institute, which published multiple magazines in the language. While Paramount initially tried to stop the Institute from using its copyrighted language, the company eventually relented. The Institute has since published Klingon translations of "Hamlet", "Much Ado About Nothing", "Tao Te Ching", "Gilgamesh", and has translations of some books from the Bible on its website. The Bible proved to be difficult to translate, as Christian concepts like
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Klingon


Worf, who had doubted his Klingon faith. This Kahless is revealed to be a clone, created in an attempt to bring Klingons together, and who is chosen to lead the Klingon people as a figurehead. The Klingons have their own language that was developed for the feature films, often described as "guttural". For "The Motion Picture", James Doohan, the actor who portrayed Montgomery Scott, devised the initial Klingon-language dialogue heard in the film. For "The Search for Spock", Marc Okrand
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Klingon language


use is non-canonical. Instead, a serif font that clearly distinguishes "codice_51" and "codice_52", such as Courier or Courier New, has traditionally been employed for writing Klingon in the Latin alphabet. In any case, it can be disambiguated through context, as codice_51 never occurs next to another vowel, unlike codice_52. The apostrophe, denoting the glottal stop, is considered a letter, not a punctuation mark. Klingon is often written in (in-universe, "transliterated to") the Latin alphabet
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Klingon for the Galactic Traveler


Klingon for the Galactic Traveler (KGT) is the third book written by Marc Okrand about the Klingon language. It was published in 1997. The book represents the second major expansion of the Klingon language. The book provides information on Klingon sociolinguistics including: regional vocabulary, variation between the speech of younger and older generations, idioms, slang, dialects, and specialized vocabulary relating to food, warfare, the visual arts and music. It contains an addendum to the wordlist appearing in "The Klingon Dictionary" with expanded definitions and
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Klingon language


and ' ("the Little Prince"). The Shakespearean choices were inspired by a remark from High Chancellor Gorkon in "", who said, "You have not experienced Shakespeare until you have read him in the original Klingon." In the bonus material on the DVD, screenwriter Nicholas Meyer and actor William Shatner both explain that this was an allusion to the German myth that Shakespeare was in fact German. The Klingon Language Institute exists to promote the language. CBS Television Studios owns the copyright on the official dictionary and
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Klingon language


generally found in other languages. The effect is mainly achieved by the use of a number of retroflex and uvular consonants in the language's inventory. Klingon has twenty-one consonants and five vowels. Klingon is normally written in a variant of the Latin alphabet. The orthography of this transliteration is case-sensitive, that is, upper and lower case letters are not interchangeable (uppercase letters mostly represent sounds different from those expected by English speakers), although with the exception of Q/q there are no Minimal pairs between
17022300
The Klingon Way


1984). Okrand based the language on the guttural sounds made by James Doohan that were used for the Klingon language in "" (1979), as well as the requests made of him that the language have a guttural quality, that it would "sound good", and that it would have a genuine, realistic syntax, grammar and lexicon. Okrand went on to author "The Klingon Dictionary" (1985). This book became significant to "Star Trek" fans, and a group of Klingon enthusiasts formed
15029122
Klingon language


are more open and lax than a typical English speaker might assume when reading Klingon text written in the Latin alphabet, thus causing the consonants of a word to be more prominent. This enhances the sense that Klingon is a clipped and harsh-sounding language. Diphthongs can be analyzed phonetically as the combination of the five vowels plus one of the two semivowels and (represented by and , respectively). Thus, the combinations , , , , , , and are possible. There are no words in the Klingon language that contain
17022304
The Klingon Way


fandom. Klingons were introduced as antagonists in "", though were portrayed as less villainous in subsequent "Star Trek" television programs—including "", ""—and "Star Trek" films. The Klingon language was sometimes spoken on-screen early in the franchise's history, but became more formalised in the 1980s. Marc Okrand, a professional linguist who had previously been consulted concerning the Vulcan language for "" (1982), was hired to produce some dialogue in the Klingon language for "" (
15029121
Klingon language


small number of non-Klingon characters were later depicted in "Star Trek" as having learned to speak Klingon, notably Jean-Luc Picard and Jadzia Dax. Hobbyists around the world have studied the Klingon language. Six Klingon translations of works of world literature have been published: "" ("the Epic of Gilgamesh"), "" ("Hamlet"), ' ("Much Ado About Nothing"), ' ("Tao Te Ching"), ' ("the Art of War")
17022284
Klingon language


at in the novelization of "", as Saavik speaks in Klingon to the only Klingon officer aboard Cpt. Kruge's starship after his death, as the survivors of the "Enterprise"'s self-destruction transport up from the crumbling Genesis Planet to the Klingon ship. The surviving officer, Maltz, states that he speaks the "Rumaiy" dialect, while Saavik is speaking to him in the "Kumburan" dialect of Klingon, per Maltz's spoken reply to her. With the advent of the series "" (
17022282
Klingon language


of Klingon vocabulary and grammar for all other works. The letters in parentheses following each item (if any) indicate the acronym of each source - used when quoting canon. Klingon has been developed with a phonology that, while based on human natural languages, is intended to sound alien to human ears. When initially developed, Paramount Pictures (owners of the "Star Trek" franchise) wanted the Klingon language to be guttural and harsh and Okrand wanted it to be unusual, so he selected sounds that combined in ways not
17022299
Klingon language


provide Klingon subtitles for the entire first season. They can be enabled like any other language provided by the streaming service, and are shown as the phonetic pronunciation rather than Klingon script. An important concept to spoken and written Klingon is canonicity. Only words and grammatical forms introduced by Marc Okrand are considered canonical Klingon by the KLI and most Klingonists. However, as the growing number of speakers employ different strategies to express themselves, it is often unclear as to what level of neologism is permissible. New vocabulary has been collected in
17022297
Marc Randazza


state of mind"—a system or process, which cannot be copyrighted, unlike a work. Randazza contended that since Klingon was invented in the 1980s, the language has expanded past its origins, pointing to examples like dictionaries, translations of Shakespeare, the Klingon Language Institute, official government statements, a wedding conducted in Klingon, and translation service available through Bing. To support its point, portions of the brief were written in Klingon, employing the Klingon alphabet. Response to the brief was generally positive. Attorney and blogger Kevin Underhill
19266481
Klingon language


had studied some Native American and Southeast Asian languages, and phonological and grammatical features of these languages "worked their way into Klingon, but for the most part, not by design." Okrand himself has stated that a design principle of the Klingon language was dissimilarity to existing natural languages in general, and English in particular. He therefore avoided patterns that are typologically common and deliberately chose features that occur relatively infrequently in human languages. This includes above all the highly asymmetric consonant inventory and the basic word order. A small number
17022287
Reunion (Star Trek: The Next Generation)


"Reunion" is the 81st episode of the syndicated American science fiction television series "", It is the seventh episode of the . In the episode, K'Ehleyr returns to the "Enterprise" to advise Captain Picard, who is chosen to arbitrate the selection of the new Klingon leader from two candidates, Gowron and Duras, one of whom is suspected to be a traitor. This marks the introduction of a fictional spacecraft to the Star Trek franchise, the "Vor'cha", a Klingon starship which was designed by Rick Sternbach
13854654
Klingon for the Galactic Traveler


new words. This list includes the new vocabulary items that were first published in "The Klingon Way". Since the publication of "The Klingon Dictionary", many new words pertaining to Klingon culture appeared in "" and "". Frequently, the Klingon appearing in the shows was inconsistent with the vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation set out in "The Klingon Dictionary" (see the Klingon language in "Star Trek" canon). These discrepancies are explained in "Klingon for the Galactic Traveler" as being the
3153170
Klingon language


the sense of a crossing over water ("") was unknown until August 2012. Nonetheless, mundane conversations are possible among skilled speakers. One Klingon speaker, d'Armond Speers, raised his son Alec to speak Klingon as a first language, whilst the boy's mother communicated with him in English. Alec rarely responded to his father in Klingon, although when he did, his pronunciation was "excellent". After Alec's fifth birthday, Speers reported that his son eventually stopped responding to him when spoken to in Klingon as
17022289
The Klingon Hamlet


The Klingon Hamlet (full title: The Tragedy of Khamlet, Son of the Emperor of Qo'noS) is a translation of William Shakespeare's "Hamlet" into Klingon, a constructed language first appearing in motion pictures continuing the television series "Star Trek". The play was translated over several years by Nick Nicholas and Andrew Strader of the "Klingon Shakespeare Restoration Project", with feedback and editorial assistance from Mark Shoulson, d'Armond Speers, and Will Martin. The impetus for the project came from a line from the motion picture
14041058
Klingon language


case. In other words, while "tlhingan hol", meaning Klingon language, is incorrect, it cannot be misread as anything but a(n erroneous) form of "tlhIngan Hol", but "Qat" (be popular) is not the same as "qat" (accompany) . In the discussion below, standard Klingon orthography appears in "", and the phonemic transcription in the International Phonetic Alphabet is written between "/slashes/". The inventory of consonants in Klingon is spread over a number of places of
17022301
Klingon Language Institute


was produced. Its name is "Earthlings: Ugly Bags of Mostly Water". This movie was presented at the Cannes Film Festival in France, and was shown at theaters few years after. The director of the KLI is its founder Lawrence M. Schoen, Ph.D. At intervals ranging from three to eighteen months, a "Beginners' Grammarian" is elected among the most experienced speakers. His duty is to help and teach the beginners of the Klingon language, especially in the Klingon email discussion group, which is also accessible for
4462143
Marc Okrand


. He was then hired by Paramount Pictures to develop the Klingon language and coach the actors using it in "", "", "". He was later hired for the use of the Romulan and Vulcan languages in the "Star Trek" film in 2009. He also created Klingon dialogue for that movie, but those scenes were cut. He was involved in "Star Trek Into Darkness", but only during post-production. Okrand is the author of three books about Klingon – "The Klingon Dictionary"
12646803
Star Trek: The Role Playing Game


series, the "Star Trek" animated series, fan fiction, and the works of the late "Star Trek" novelist John M. Ford. Game elements which either were never introduced into what later became canon "Star Trek", or which differ significantly from how canon "Star Trek" presents them, include: The game's depiction of the Klingons, the result of work by science fiction author John M. Ford, differs greatly from later canon. Ford's Klingons not only appear in the supplement "" for the
13689528
Federation Commander


Federation Commander is a tactical starship combat board wargame system, produced and developed by Amarillo Design Bureau Inc. (ADB) It is designed to represent combat between vessels of various factions in the Star Fleet Universe, such as the United Federation of Planets and the Klingon Empire. The Star Fleet Universe is based upon a licence to use properties in the fictional Star Trek universe as it stood in 1979. Thus it includes the original series and the animated series as well as fan contributions but diverges from then and does not include anything from
17280136
Klingon culture


star-crossed love. Its strident tones are considered ear-shattering by most non-Klingons. Klingons are passionate about opera, which they use to combine battle with art. The opera "'u'", retelling the legend of the battles of "Kahless the Unforgettable", is the first (real) Earth production of a Klingon opera. The main reference book to Klingon culture as depicted in the Klingon language is "Klingon for the Galactic Traveler" by Marc Okrand (Pocket Books, New York, 1997
18560381
Chang (Star Trek)


General Chang is a fictional character from the "Star Trek" fictional universe who was portrayed by Christopher Plummer in "". Chang is Chancellor Gorkon's chief of staff, and subsequently serves Chancellor Azetbur. He is an avid fan of William Shakespeare, whom he frequently quotes, much to the chagrin of the "Enterprise" crew. He is almost completely bald, a trait not seen among Klingons prior to "Star Trek VI"'s release. The Chang makeup originally included a wig appliance. However, Christopher Plummer felt
14898004
Klingon language


of people are capable of conversing in Klingon. Arika Okrent guessed in her book "In the Land of Invented Languages" that there might be 20–30 fluent speakers. Its vocabulary, heavily centered on "Star Trek"–Klingon concepts such as spacecraft or warfare, can sometimes make it cumbersome for everyday use. For instance, while words for "transporter ionizer unit" (') or "bridge" (of a ship) (') have been known since close to the language's inception, the word for "bridge" in
17022288
Star Trek: Klingon


. Because many of the choices in the game depend upon either Klingon cultural situations, or on explicit instructions given in the Klingon language, the game provides the player with a variety of educational tools. Within the game itself, the player can pause the story and examine objects in each scene to learn more about their significance. The third disc of the game features a language instruction program with a speech recognition engine by Dragon Systems, in addition to the audiobook "Power Klingon", a cultural primer narrated by Michael Dorn.
1471632
Klingon scripts


available. Existing text in the Latin alphabet can easily be converted to pIqaD also. Bing translator can transliterate between pIqaD and Latin forms, but does not convert letters correctly if there are English words. If a ConScript-compliant font is installed, the following PUA text should display: The following is a pangram: Until the Klingon Language Institute promoted a standardized form of pIqaD for Klingon, there were variations used primarily for decorative effect. Because the letters did not map the Okrandian phonology of the Klingon language, these variants were
15243081
Star Trek: Klingon Empire


Star Trek: Klingon Empire is series of interlinked novels set aboard the fictional battlecruiser I.K.S. "Gorkon" written by Keith DeCandido. Published by Pocket Books from 2003 to 2008. Originally published as Star Trek: I.K.S. Gorkon. Following positive reaction to his novel "Diplomatic Implausibility" (2001), DeCandido was curious if there was sufficient interest in a Klingon-centric series. In "Voyages of Imagination" (2009) by Jeff Ayers, DeCandido said "Pocket Books … was willing to take a chance." He had
7337642
Dominion War


The Dominion War is an extended plot concept developed in several story arcs of "", an American science-fiction television series produced by Paramount Pictures. In the fictional "Star Trek" universe, the Dominion War is a conflict between the forces of the Dominion, Cardassian Union and, later, the Breen Confederacy against the Alpha Quadrant alliance of the United Federation of Planets, the Klingon Empire and, later, the Romulan Star Empire. The primary setting of much of the series is aboard the fictional Starfleet-controlled space
228687
Marc Okrand


(first published 1985, revised enlarged edition 1992), "The Klingon Way" (1996) and "Klingon for the Galactic Traveler" (1997), as well as two audio-courses: "Conversational Klingon" (1992) and "Power Klingon" (1993). He has also co-authored the libretto of an opera in the Klingon language: "’u’", debuting at The Hague in September 2010. He speaks Klingon, but notes that others have attained greater fluency. In 2018
12646804
Klingon


keeping the name, and it persisted because no one else offered up a better name. The Klingons took on the role of the Soviet Union with the fictional government the United Federation of Planets playing the role of the United States. As such, they were generally portrayed as inferior to the crew of the "Enterprise". While occasionally capable of honour, this depiction treated the Klingons as close to wild animals. Overall, they were shown without redeeming qualities—brutish, scheming, and murderous. Klingons became the primary antagonists
4453841
Klingon culture


from the night sky of the Klingon homeworld. This, combined with the Klingons' strong religious tradition, could suggest that religious beliefs might have been a driving force behind early Klingon space travel. However, several sources from the "" universe have stated that space travel was one of the legacies left behind by the marauding Hur'q, who pillaged the Klingon homeworld of Qo'nos, taking with them the sacred treasures of the Klingons, including the Sword Of Kahless. Kahless's star has at least one planet orbiting it, and the
18560373
Klingon language


Although mentioned in the original "Star Trek" series episode "The Trouble with Tribbles", the Klingon language first appeared on-screen in "" (1979). According to the actor who spoke the lines, Mark Lenard, James Doohan recorded the lines he had written on a tape, and Lenard transcribed the recorded lines in a way he found useful in learning them. For "" (1984), director Leonard Nimoy and writer-producer Harve Bennett wanted the Klingons to speak a structured language instead of random
17022280
Klingon language


the County issued another release noting that releasing the original report was a "mistake". In May 2009, Simon & Schuster, in collaboration with Ultralingua Inc., a developer of electronic dictionary applications, announced the release of a suite of electronic Klingon language software for most computer platforms including a dictionary, a phrasebook, and an audio learning tool. In September 2011, Eurotalk released the "Learn Klingon" course in its "Talk Now!" series. The language is displayed in both Latin and pIqaD fonts, making this
17022291
Klingon Language Institute


Klingonists have gained relative notoriety for various accomplishments. The KLI can award the title "Friend of Maltz" to a Klingonist who has furthered the language in various ways. Rich Yampell (known to Klingonists as "codice_10" or "Captain Krankor"), a software engineer currently residing in Bellevue, Washington, is probably the world's first ever conversational speaker of Klingon. He is the author of the book "The Grammarian's Desk," published in 1996 by the Klingon Language Institute, a collection of the columns he
4462145
The Klingon Dictionary


The Klingon Dictionary (TKD) is a book by Marc Okrand describing the Klingon language. First published in 1985 and then again with an addendum in 1992, it includes pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. It has sold more than three hundred thousand copies and has been translated into five languages. The book is a description of the grammar with a few examples for every rule. It is not suitable for active learning and practice of the language, because it does not contain any exercises. It has never been intended as a learning
7965466
Klingon


languages, containing around 2,000 words after it had been created in the 1990s. After its initial creation, Okrand has frequently created new words, so that the total number of words has grown up to approximately 3,000. Okrand persuaded Pocket Books to publish "The Klingon Dictionary" in 1985; in it, Okrand elaborated on the Klingon language's grammar, syntax, and vocabulary. While Okrand expected the book to only sell as a novelty item, eleven years after publication it had sold 250,000 copies. Dedicated Klingon enthusiasts, some
4453875
Klingon culture


was eventually released. "moQbara" (mok'bara) is the name of the fictional Klingon martial art. It is sometimes practiced with a bat'leth, an edged weapon with a curved blade, four points and handholds on the back. The style is similar to t'ai chi and was invented for "Star Trek" by visual effects producer and martial artist Dan Curry. Klingon opera is a well-known genre of traditional Klingon music with certain dramatic and stylistic similarities to Human opera. Typical themes include passionate tales of doomed courage and
18560380
A Klingon Christmas Carol


A Klingon Christmas Carol is the first play to be performed entirely in Klingon, a constructed language first appearing in the "Star Trek" media franchise. The play is based on the Charles Dickens novella, "A Christmas Carol". "A Klingon Christmas Carol" is the Charles Dickens classic tale of ghosts and redemption, adapted to reflect the Klingon values of courage and honor, and then translated into Klingon, performed with English supertitles. Originally created as a fundraiser for Commedia Beauregard theatre company, it was written in 2007
16921356
Klingon language


John M. Ford's 1984 "Star Trek" novel "The Final Reflection," and appears in other "Star Trek" novels by Ford. The play "A Klingon Christmas Carol" is the first production that is primarily in Klingon (only the narrator speaks English). The opera "codice_1" is entirely in Klingon. A small number of people are capable of conversing in Klingon. Its vocabulary, heavily centered on "Star Trek"-Klingon concepts such as spacecraft or warfare, can sometimes make it cumbersome for everyday use.
17022279
Klingon scripts


the original release as photocopied from MTK member manual is displayed at the right. (See also the MTK 1990 Klin-Kon flier utilizing the MTK pIqaD) The trading card company Skybox used this font when they created the Klingon language cards in their "" trading card collection . The Klingon cards themselves detail aspects of Klingon culture and feature pIqaD text and a transliteration and translation provided by Marc Okrand. Some of these cards, notably S7, S8, and S9, feature pIqaD, which corresponds to the Latin transcription. Other
15243085
QepHom


suffix codice_4). The opposite of that word is "codice_1", literally "minor meeting". This was intended as an informal gathering for two or three people who might meet frequently to talk about Klingon. Since the number of Klingon speakers in Europe is too small for such a frequent meeting, the Klingon expert Lieven Litaer set up an all-weekend language camp, which is therefore called "codice_1". The Klingon meeting in Germany usually has about 20 to 25 Klingonists, mostly from Europe although there have also
538343
Philosophical language


all a priori languages, but most "a priori" languages are not philosophical languages. For example, Quenya, Sindarin, and Klingon are all "a priori" but not philosophical languages: they are meant to seem like natural languages, even though they have no genetic relation to any natural languages. Work on philosophical languages was pioneered by Francis Lodwick ("A Common Writing", 1647; "The Groundwork or Foundation laid (or So Intended) for the Framing of a New Perfect Language and a Universal Common Writing
4260054
Andy's Ancestry


The books had also been turned into the HBO fantasy series "Game of Thrones". Dwight later compares learning Dothraki to learning Klingon, a fictional language from franchise "Star Trek". Andy refers to Ladysmith Black Mambazo as "Ladysmith African-American Mambazo" in an attempt to prove he is not racist. Kevin Malone (Brian Baumgartner) later changes Andy's ringtone to the song "Dixie". After Andy asks her to find information regarding the relatives of the office members, Nellie intentionally lies and tells Andy that
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