Maria Kaczyńska [SEP] spouse
[{"answer": "Lech Kaczy\u0144ski", "provenance": [{"wikipedia_id": "4242454", "title": "Maria Kaczy\u0144ska", "start_paragraph_id": 1, "start_character": 0, "end_paragraph_id": 1, "end_character": 146, "bleu_score": 0.6280764587835497, "meta": {}, "section": "Section::::Abstract."}]}]
Maria Kaczyńska


Kaczyńska attended primary and secondary schools in Rabka Zdrój in southern Poland. She studied transport economics and foreign trade in Sopot at what is now the University of Gdańsk. After graduating in 1966, she worked at the Maritime Institute in Gdańsk, where she met Lech Kaczyński in 1976. They married in 1978, and had a daughter. In addition to her native Polish, Maria Kaczyńska spoke English, French and some Spanish and Russian. On 10 April 2010, 10:41 MSD (06:41 UTC), Maria Kaczyńska, and her husband
789055
Maria Kaczyńska


Maria Helena Kaczyńska (; ; 21 August 1942 – 10 April 2010) was the First Lady of Poland from 2005 to 2010 as the wife of President Lech Kaczyński. Kaczyńska was born in Machava (near Kabylnik, now Belarus), the daughter of Lidia and Czesław Mackiewicz. Her father fought in the Vilnius Armia Krajowa (Home Army), while an uncle fought in the Polish II Corps of Gen. Władysław Anders at the Battle of Monte Cassino; another uncle was murdered by the NKVD (Soviet secret police) at Katyń.
789054
Lech Kaczyński


in 1978. They had one daughter, Marta Kaczyńska-Dubieniecka, and two granddaughters named Ewa and Martyna. His brother is Jarosław Kaczyński, the former Prime Minister of Poland. On 10 April 2010, a Tupolev Tu-154M plane was carrying Lech Kaczyński, his wife Maria Kaczyńska, and other members of a Polish delegation (top public and military figures) from Warsaw to commemorate the Katyn massacre. The plane crashed while approaching Smolensk Air Base in Russia. The governor of Smolensk Oblast confirmed to the Russia 24 news channel that
3690390
Death and state funeral of Lech and Maria Kaczyński


from Budapest. Representatives from Morocco flew into Kraków in a Cessna on 17 April ahead of the funeral. After the ceremony, the coffins were brought in procession through Kraków. They then moved to Wawel Castle and Cathedral, where a 21-gun salute was fired. Screens broadcast the events to the masses who shouted on the streets, "Lech Kaczyński! We thank you!" Lech Kaczyński and Maria Kaczyńska were buried together in a sarcophagus, placed in the antechamber to Józef Piłsudski's crypt in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków on 18
3744378
Death and state funeral of Lech and Maria Kaczyński


Lech Kaczyński, the fourth President of the Republic of Poland, died on 10 April 2010, after a Polish Air Force Tu-154 crashed outside of Smolensk, Russia, killing all 96 aboard. His wife, economist and First Lady Maria Kaczyńska, was also among those killed. After the death of Kaczyński was announced, a week of mourning was declared by the acting President of Poland, Bronisław Komorowski, spanning 11 to 18 April with a state funeral for the couple held on 18 April. Several countries observed a day of national
3744363
Maria Josepha of Austria


claim in favor of her sister, Maria Amalia's spouse, and in 1742, made an alliance with Austria. During the seven years war, Maria Josepha stayed behind in Dresden with her son, Frederick Christian and his spouse Maria Antonia, after her husband left on 20 October 1756. She remained in Dresden when the city was taken by the Prussian army. She, as well as Frederick Christian and his spouse Maria Antonia, were all placed under house arrest at the palace of Dresden guarded by a Prussian commandant. Maria
9561873
Radio Maryja


silence both stations by not including them on the country's digital television multiplex. The demonstration led to renewed criticism of the station's politicized message from high-ranking Catholic clergymen. Bishop Piotr Jarecki, a vice president in the Commission of the Bishops' Conferences of the European Community, said in an interview that the stations' action was "not in accordance with the doctrine of the Church," and said that they were "entering a dangerous path of confusion and turmoil." In 2007, Polish first lady Maria Kaczyńska
16260521
Lech Kaczyński


between the two countries instead of the Neighborhood Treaty signed in the same year. Following the military conflict between Russia and Georgia in 2008, Kaczyński provided the website of the President of Poland for dissemination of information for blocked by the Russian Federation Georgian internet portals. During a state visit to Serbia in 2009, Kaczyński said that the Polish government, on the basis of its constitutional competences, decided to recognize Kosovo and emphasized that he, as the President of the state, did not agree with that. Kaczyński married economist Maria Kaczyńska
3690389
St. Mary's Trumpet Call


The "Hejnał Mariacki" was replaced twice by the mourning song "Łzy Matki" (English: "The Tears of the Mother"). The first time was at noon on 3 April 2005, due to the death of Pope John Paul II the previous day, and the second at two minutes after noon on 11 April 2010 following the deaths of President Lech Kaczyński and his consort, Maria Kaczyńska. Originally played by the town guard, since the 19th century the "Hejnał" has been performed by active members of
4003753
Jack of the President of the Republic of Poland


grand military parade on August 15, 2007 in Warsaw, President Lech Kaczyński rode in a convertible jeep preceded by a mounted cavalry officer carrying the presidential jack, while a smaller jack was attached to the president's jeep as a car flag. The jack also draped the coffins of President Kaczyński (see Death and state funeral of Lech Kaczyński and Maria Kaczyńska) and former President-in-exile Ryszard Kaczorowski after both died in the Smolensk air crash of 2010. A state banner was used in Poland as insignia of the head
13751830
Anna Walentynowicz


" She was critical about the Schlöndorff's movie "Strike". Walentynowicz died in a plane crash near Smolensk on 10 April 2010, along with President Lech Kaczyński, First Lady Maria Kaczyńska, and many other prominent Polish leaders, while en route to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Katyn massacre during World War II. A plaque on her house in Wrzeszcz, a borough of Gdańsk, has recently been dedicated and the city of Gdynia named an intersection after her. Michael Szporer, Professor of Communications at University of Maryland wrote
14706585
Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego


the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash, killing President Lech Kaczyński and other senior members of the armed forces and government, members of the Law and Justice party alleged that leaked memos showed the agency had spied on the late president and First Lady Maria Kaczyńska during a state visit to Georgia in 2008. In May 2011, the ABW conducted a dawn raid on the home of the owner of AntyKomor.pl, a satirical website critical of Polish president Bronisław Komorowski, citing that the website was in breach of Article 135 of the Polish Penal
15100154
Wojciech Seweryn


among those killed along with President of Poland, Lech Kaczyński, First Lady Maria Kaczyńska, and many other prominent Polish leaders in the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash near Smolensk. He was awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland, by order of President Lech Kaczynski on 8 May 2009, "for outstanding achievements in commemorating the fate of the Polish nation, for social and charitable activities. Six days after the Tu-154 crash in Smolensk on April 16, 2010, Seweryn was posthumously awarded
1967843
Effects of the April 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption


The eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland on 20 March 2010 affected the economic, political and cultural activities in Europe and across the world. There was an extensive air travel disruption caused by the closure of airspace over many countries affecting the travel arrangements of hundreds of thousands of people in Europe and elsewhere. Sporting, entertainment and many other events were cancelled, delayed or disrupted when individuals or teams were unable to travel to their destination. The state funeral of Lech Kaczyński and Maria Kaczyńska on 18 April 2010 was affected as some
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Katyn (rural locality)


of the Polish-owned Russian Tupolev-154 airplane included Polish President Lech Kaczyński and his wife, Maria Kaczyńska; former President of Poland in-exile Ryszard Kaczorowski; Sławomir Skrzypek, governor of the Polish Central Bank; Andrzej Kremer, Deputy Foreign minister; Piotr Nurowski, President of the Polish Olympic Committee; Jerzy Szmajdzinski, Deputy Speaker of the Sejm, seven army generals and many key political figures. The delegation heading to commemorate the Massacre of Katyn consisted of 96 people, including 7 members of crew. None survived. The Polish
21827940
Maria Kaczyńska


, Polish President Lech Kaczyński, died when the Polish Air Force Tupolev Tu-154M they were aboard crashed while attempting to land at Smolensk-North Airport in the Russian city of Smolensk. All 89 passengers on board and the 7 crew members were killed. The Kaczyńskis were traveling with several senior government figures on a trip to mark the 70th anniversary of the World War II Katyn Massacre, where thousands of Polish military officers were executed by the NKVD. She was laid to rest alongside her husband on 18 April 2010 in the honorable
789056
First Lady of Portugal


Portuguese State Protocol's order of precedence, the spouse of any high-ranking office holder is given the same rank as theirs, as long as the spouse is also invited to the ceremony. Since the current President has no spouse and the main candidates in the last Presidential election refused to continue with the President's spouse's workplace, the only two First Ladies to have used it were Jorge Sampaio and Aníbal Cavaco Silva's wives: Maria José Ritta and Maria Cavaco Silva. In 2005, an exhibit on the history of
7550105
List of casualties of the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash


The 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash near Smolensk in Russia killed all 96 people on board, including Polish President Lech Kaczyński, his wife Maria Kaczyńska and dozens of other senior officials. The Polish delegation was heading to Katyn to attend a ceremony marking the 70th anniversary of the Katyn massacre, in which the Soviet NKVD killed about 22,000 Polish military officers. Among those killed in the crash were former President-in-exile Ryszard Kaczorowski, Poland's highest-ranking military officers, lawmakers, heads of the Polish National Bank and
1909719
Maria of Castile, Queen of Aragon


Maria of Castile (14 September 1401 – 7 September 1458) was Queen consort of Aragon and Naples as the spouse of Alfonso V of Aragon. Maria acted as the regent of Aragon during the reign of her spouse, as he was absent during most of his reign; her regencies lasted between 1420 and 1423 and between 1432 and 1458. She was also briefly Princess of Asturias in her own right as the heir presumptive to the throne of Castile. Maria was the eldest child of King Henry III of Castile and Catherine of
7202869
Maria Luisa of Parma


was interested in state affairs and, being the dominant partner of the two, became the leading figure in the circle of opposition which gathered around the heir to the throne. In 1788, her spouse succeeded his father as Charles IV of Spain, making Maria Luisa queen. On the first meeting between Charles IV and his ministers, Maria Luisa was present, a step which attracted attention and which became the rule during the reign of her spouse. Being the dominant party in the marriage, Maria Luisa dominated Charles IV and thus
2806616
Maria Petraccini


Maria Magdalena Petraccini, or Pettracini (Florence, Tuscany, 1759 - Bagnacavallo, Ravenna, 1791), Italian anatomist and physician, professor of anatomy. Pettracini was born in a merchant family in Tuscany, and moved to Emilia Romagna with her spouse, Francesco Ferretti who was a surgent at the hospital of Bagnacavallo. She was tutored in surgery by her spouse, before she became a student in medicin at the University of Florence 13 September 1788. She continued her education at the University of Ferrara. Maria Petraccini was active as
16327370
Maria Euphrosyne of Zweibrücken


was a guest in her house. Contemporary view was that her spouse had her to thank for his successful career. In 1676, Lisbeth Carlsdotter, a witness in a witch trial inspired by the famous Gävle-Boy,tried to implicate Maria Euphrosyne and her sister-in-law Maria Sofia for sorcery. This accusations was not taken seriously, but instead discredited the credibility of Lisbeth Carlsdotter as a witness and eventually led to the whole trial being dissolved. In 1680, her spouse fell in favor of her nephew, the
2331296
Eliza Jane McKissack


— Eliza had a sister, Maria Caroline Cauthorn, Aykroyd (b. June 20, 1831, New Bern, North Carolina; d. Sep. 17, 1894). On July 21, 1869, Maria married Benjamin F. Cauthorn (b. July 20, 1836, Virginia; d. June 1, 1902); both were buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery, Nashville, Tennessee (tombstone image for Maria); (tombstone image for Benjamin). Maria was a music teacher in Nashville. Maria's will was filed September 1894 in Will
8492197
Maria Skuratova-Belskaya


's favorite. In 1598, her spouse became Tsar of Russia, making her Tsaritsa. During her tenure as tsarina, Maria Feodorovna Pozharskaya was her favorite and reportedly exerted influence over her. Upon the death of her spouse in April 1605, her son was proclaimed Tsar. As he was a minor, a regency was needed to govern Russia during his minority, and Maria Skuratova-Belskaya was proclaimed regent. Her regency, and that of her son, was however only to last for a couple of months. On 10/20
3303071
Maria Josepha of Austria


of Poland rather than having Frederick Christian succeed his father on both thrones, and she prevented Frederick Christian and his spouse from visiting Poland, thus preventing them from making connections there. She undermined any attempts of Frederick Christian to found a power base of his own before the death of his father, and among other things prevented a meeting between him and his spouse with Empress Maria Theresa of Bohemia in 1754. During the War of the Austrian Succession in 1740, she claimed the throne on behalf of her spouse. She relinquished her
9561872
P. C. Wren


Crispin Shoveler and Lucy Maria Parker. Alice Lucille Wren died at Poona, India 26 Sep 1914 and was buried 27 Sep 1914. Their daughter Estelle Lenore Wren was born at Greenwich in early 1901 She died at Basford in 1910. Wren reportedly dedicated an early edition (no date known) of "The Snake and the Sword" to "my wife Alice Lucille Wren". Another of his early novels, "Driftwood Spars" published in 1915, contained a dedication: "To the memory of my beloved wife."
20564313
Girolamo Melzi


Girolamo Melzi (1599–1672) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Pavia (1659–1672). Girolamo Melzi was born in 1599 and ordained a priest on 21 Sep 1659. On 22 Sep 1659, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Alexander VII as Bishop of Pavia. On 16 Nov 1659, he was consecrated bishop by Giacomo Corradi, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Traspontina, with Marco Antonio Tomati, Bishop Emeritus of Bitetto, and Marcantonio Oddi, Bishop of Perugia, serving as co-consecrators
758425
Maria Theresia Ahlefeldt


Philip. In 1780 in Prague, she married the Danish noble Ferdinand, Count of Ahlefeldt-Langeland (1747–1815) against the will of her family. Having conducted a marriage against the will of her family was a criminal act, for which she was forced to flee to avoid arrest. From 1780, Maria Theresia's spouse was marshal at the court of Ansbach, where she was active in the amateur theatre of Elizabeth Craven. During this time, she composed a libretto. In 1792–94, her spouse was marshal of the
17113012
Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours


Maria Luisa would have a close relationship with their grandmother, and both would make weekly visits to the Palazzo Madama. Her relationship with Maria Adelaide in particular is documented in letters the two sent to each other after 1696 when the young princess married Louis of France. Maria Luisa married Louis' brother Philip V of Spain by proxy on 11 Sep 1701. Sadly Maria Adelaide would die in 1712 at Versailles of Measles. These two prestigious marriages were designed by Louis XIV to entice Savoyard support during the War of the Spanish Succession.
12358954
Anna Maria Brandel


him in Stockholm. Her spouse owned a sugar refinery on Blasieholmen, a cotton mill on Kungsholmen and as well as a big merchant company. Anna Maria Brandel was described as a very well educated and capable businesswoman and owned a library of about a hundred volumes in the Swedish, German, French and English language. Upon the death of her spouse in 1754, she took over all of his business enterprises, and as such becoming a major business figure. She was also and active stockholder in various banks, and communicated with
17724938
Maria Choglokova


maternal first cousin of Empress Elizabeth. In 1742, she married Nikolai Naumovich Choglokov (1718-1754). She had married for love, was thus faithful to her spouse without difficulty and gave birth regularly - she was to have four daughters and four sons during her marriage. After the marriage of Grand Duke Peter to Catherine in 1745, Choglokova was appointed chief lady-in-waiting and mistress of the household of the Grand Duchess in succession to Maria Rumyantseva, and her spouse was given the equivalent position of Chamberlain to
6384379
Maria Mstislavna of Kiev


Maria Mstislavna of Kiev (died 1179), was a Grand Princess consort of Kiev by marriage to Prince Vsevolod II of Kiev. She was the daughter of Mstislav I of Kiev and Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden. Her marriage was arranged in 1116 to facilitate better relations between her father and spouse, who were long standing enemies. During the reign of her spouse, she was known for her diplomatic ability, and often asked to mediate between her husband and brothers. She is believed to be one of the founders of St. Cyril
9215790
Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867)


to both her spouse and her stepson Francis: her stepson respected her and she used to demonstratively call him her son. Maria Theresa was interested in politics: she is known to have acted as the king's advisor and to have influenced him to be strict, and when she could not be present at the reception of officials and wished to hear the conversation, she listened to the talk behind the door. She nursed Ferdinand on his death bed. At the death of her spouse, she intended to continue her political activity
16437199
Maria Josepha of Austria


was politically active and, though not formally proclaimed regent during the absence of her spouse, she informally acted as his representative. It was known and acknowledged by the court that she participated in the affairs of state, and the ministers and ambassadors duly reported to her. She also managed a large diplomatic correspondence. She was rivalled in her influence over her spouse by Heinrich von Brühl. Maria Josepha was reportedly not on good terms with her eldest son Frederick Christian. She wished for her younger son Francis Xavier to be elected king
9561871
George Tawengwa


Fourth Spouse Fifth Spouse Sixth Spouse Seventh Spouse Tawengwa was born to Chirume and Maria (Mhariya) of the "Gumbo Madyira" totem and had an elder brother Takawira Chirume who died within the first two years of birth and a younger brother Bernard Chirume. His mother died when he was only 4 years old in 1919. In 1927 at age 12 he was chased by his father from their Mwanza Village home in Goromonzi and wandered towards Marondera, finally settling in Ruzawi. He got his first job as a shepherd, herding goats
2424113
Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz


. She was the paternal granddaughter of Thomas Gibert and Françoise Moret. Marie Caroline was originally a stage actress, as was her future spouse, Florestan. Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz and Prince Florestan of Monaco, at that time both actors, married in Commercy on 27 November 1816 and had two children: Prince Charles III, and Princess Florestine. She was described as a skillfull businesswoman: she handled the economy of the family, and successfully managed the fortune her spouse inherited from his mother (who had excluded her eldest son
4988047
Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (1743–1808)


his mother's appointment of Maria Christina and her husband as governors of the Austrian Netherlands, after which they left for Brussels, while Maria Elisabeth and her sister Maria Anna left to join their respective convents. Maria Elisabeth left for the Convent of Noble Ladies in Innsbruck, which had been established by her mother in 1765 to pray for the soul of her late spouse, the father of Maria Elisabeth. Maria Elisabeth resided in Innsbruck as abbess of the Convent of Noble Ladies for about fifteen years. Here - or rather in Innsbruck
1491603
Maximilian Herzberger


, viz. Ruth (born 1928), Ursula Bellugi (1931), and Hans (6 Aug 1932, spouse of Radhika Herzberger). No later than Sep 1930, he was assistant of Hans Boegehold, the chief of calculation office at Carl Zeiss Jena. In 1934, the Nazis deprived him from his professorship at Jena University and his contract with Zeiss. He emigrated with his family to Rochester (NY), where he became head of Eastman Kodak's optical research laboratories, arranged by Einstein. In 1940,
3849131
Maria Luisa of Spain


Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain (Spanish: "María Luisa", German: "Maria Ludovika") (24 November 1745 – 15 May 1792) was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the spouse of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor. Maria Luisa was born in Portici, in Campania, the site of the summer palace ("Reggia di Portici") of her parents, King Charles, King of Naples and Sicily and Maria Amalia of Saxony. She
18292890
Qualified domestic relations order


collect both past due and future child support payments. Examples of retirement plans NOT covered by ERISA include military retirement pay (covered by the Uniformed Services Former Spouses' Protection Act), State and Municipal retirement plans, Federal Retirement Plans (the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS), Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS) and Thrift Savings Plan (TSP)), Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) (SEP-IRA, SIMPLE IRA and Keogh Plan), and most deferred compensation plans. However, a QDRO "can
1225356
Richard A. Pauling


) died in April 1813, and Richard was most likely sent to England to live with relatives shortly afterward. His father remarried and had two other children, but he also died in Calcutta in 1822. Name: Richard Alexander Pauling Gender: Male Marriage Date: 25 Sep 1831 Marriage Place: Holy Trinity,Newington,Surrey,England Spouse: Sally Ann Upton FHL Film Number: 307688 Marriage record to Jane Jefferson Simpkins state Richard was a 'Widower'... A 25-year-old Richard Pauling is listed as a passenger on
5957219
Maria Labo


, but a hospital employee discouraged him due to their findings and said that his spouse might not even recognize him. Ermin eventually convinced the hospital to take her back to their home saying that it might bring her memories back. Back at the Maria's family residence, Maria seemingly is back to normal. This is until Maria threatened her children with a knife who were running around their house before she pointed the knife. Shortly, Ermin became aware of the incident with Maria claiming that the action was not within her control.
18342823
Maria Pia of Savoy


Dona Maria Pia of Savoy (16 October 1847 – 5 July 1911) was a Portuguese Queen consort, spouse of King Luís I of Portugal. On the day of her baptism, Pope Pius IX, her godfather, gave her a Golden Rose. Maria Pia was married to Luís on the 6 October 1862 in Lisbon. She was the grand mistress of the Order of Saint Isabel. Maria Pia was the daughter of Victor Emmanuel II, the first King of Italy, by his wife Adelaide of Austria. Her sister Maria
18679563
Maria Euphrosyne of Zweibrücken


tried to act as a mediator. Maria Euphrosyne had a close relationship with her brother Charles, and did what she could to support his planned marriage with Christina. At the coronation of her brother King Charles X Gustavus in 1654, Maria Euphrosyne was granted the rank and status of a Royal Princess of Sweden. This was opposed by some parts of the nobility. Maria Euphrosyne did not use the title of Countess, but was generally referred to as Princess. Maria Euphrosyne visited both her spouse and her brother in warfare: she
2331292
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
Francesco Maria Brancaccio


Francesco Maria Brancaccio (15 April 1592, Canneto, near Bari – 9 January 1675) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal. Brancaccio was born on 15 April 1592, the son of Baron Muzio II Brancaccio, governor of Apulia and Zenobia in the Kingdom of Naples. He was educated by the Jesuits in Naples. He was ordained there as a priest in 1619 and was rose through local ecclesiastic ranks until 1627 when he became Bishop of Capaccio which was then within the Kingdom of Naples. On 8 Sep 1627, he was consecrated
16089265
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
557049
Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867)


by being the advisor to her stepson Francis, the new monarch. Francis was willing, and her authoritarian policy has been considered to contribute to the public discontent which led to the abolishment of the Kingdom of Naples. Francis' spouse Duchess Maria Sophia in Bavaria, however, disputed her influence and Francis had a difficult position in the conflict between his wife and stepmother, without being able to satisfy either. Maria Sophia informed Francis about a plot created by Maria Theresa with the attempt to put the biological son of Maria Theresa on
16437200
Bianca Maria Sforza


Bianca Maria Sforza (5 April 1472 – 31 December 1510) was a Queen of the Romans and Holy Roman Empress as the third spouse of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the eldest legitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan, by his second wife, Bona of Savoy. Bianca was born in Pavia as the eldest daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan, by his second wife, Bona of Savoy. Bianca's paternal grandparents were Francesco I Sforza and Bianca Maria Visconti, for whom
19692868
Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este


Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este (10 December 1776 – 23 June 1848), was an Electress of Bavaria as the second spouse of Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria. Archduchess Maria Leopoldine Anna Josephine Johanna of Austria-Este was born in Milan on 10 December 1776 as the fourth child and third (but second surviving) daughter of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este and of his wife, Princess Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este. Her father, the second youngest son of Empress Maria Theresa, and her mother were the founders
21466688
Maria-Ivanna Hrushevska


Maria-Ivanna Hrushevska ("née": Wojakiwska; November 8, 1868 – September 19, 1948) was a spouse of Ukrainian political leader Mykhailo Hrushevsky. Maria-Ivanna Hrushevska, was born near Zboriv (Austria-Hungary) to Sylvester and Karolina Wojakowski. She met Hrushevsky in Lviv in 1893 and after three years they married in the town of Skala near Borschiv. On June 21, 1900, while living in Lviv, a daughter was born in the family of Hrushevsky – Kateryna. Since 1917 Maria was a
19504037
Giulio Rossi (bishop of Pescia)


Bishop Giulio Rossi (4 Jul 1754 – 2 Feb 1833) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Pescia (1804–1833). Giulio Rossi was born on 4 Jul 1754 in Pistoia, Italy and ordained a priest on 20 Sep 1777. On 29 Oct 1804, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Pius VII as Bishop of Pescia. On 4 Nov 1804, he was consecrated bishop by Giulio Maria della Somaglia, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, with Ottavio Boni, Titular Archbishop of "
18215201
Alfredo Benipayo


. The spouses Benipayo, are blessed with children Maria Cristina (Tina), Alfredo Ramon, Jr. (Oggie), Maria Beatrice Regina (Triccie), Maria Bianca Rebecca (Becca) and Maria Elissa Veronica (Rica). Benipayo graduated elementary at Francisco Balagtas Elementary School (1945–1950), and high school at the University of Santo Tomas (1950–1954). He earned his Bachelor of Arts, at UST (1954–1958) Magna Cum Laude, and his Bachelor of Laws(LL.B.) degree from the University of Santo Tomas Faculty of
11089271
Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily


consent of Maria Amalia. When the family left the palace, Maria Amalia reportedly turned to minister Thiers and commented: "Ah Monsieur, you were not worthy of such a good king!" The family left under somewhat chaotic circumstances, and Maria Amalia reportedly fainted and had to be lifted into her carriage. The couple were accompanied by their son Antoine, Duke of Montpensier; their daughter-in-law the Duchess of Nemours; their daughter Princess Clementine and her spouse, as well as six grandchildren. Their eldest son
15955271
Maria Buynosova-Rostovskaya


Maria Petrovna Buynosova-Rostovskaya ("Буйносова-Ростовская, Мария Петровна" in Russian) (born as Catherine - died 2 January 1626) was the second spouse and only tsarina consort of Tsar Vasili IV of Russia. Maria Buynosova-Rostovskaya was the daughter of prince Peter Buynosov-Rostovskay. The wedding took place on 17 January 1608. In 1610, Vasili was deposed. After the deposition of her consort, Maria was forced to enter a convent. As a nun, she took the name Elena. Her youngest daughter
19356976
Maria Dolgorukova


Maria Vladimirovna Dolgorukova ("Мария Владимировна Долгорукова" in Russian) (1601 – 17 January 1625) was a Tsaritsa of Russia as the first spouse of Tsar Michael I of Russia. Maria Dolgorukova was born to boyar Knyaz Vladimir Timofeyevich Dolgorukov and Princess Maria Vasilievna Barbashina-Shuiskaya. Her family were of Rurikid stock, and related to the ancient grand princes of Russia. She was selected for marriage to Michael by his mother, Xenia Shestova, after several years of difficulty of finding a partner for the tsar. In 1616,
2483922
Anna Maria of the Palatinate


Maria of the Palatinate (24 July 1561 – 29 July 1589) was a Swedish princess and Duchess of Södermanland by marriage, the first spouse of the future King Charles IX of Sweden. She died before he became king, and was therefore never queen. Maria was born in Heidelberg, to Louis VI, Elector Palatine and Elisabeth of Hesse. In April 1578, the Swedish Prince Charles, Duke of Södermanland, visited her home town Heidelberg and proposed. Maria was brought up to be an ardent Lutheran, and her religion
5727073
Infanta Maria Francisca of Braganza


Infanta Maria Francisca of Braganza (; ); full name: "Maria Francisca de Assis da Maternidade Xavier de Paula e de Alcântara Antónia Joaquina Gonzaga Carlota Mónica Senhorinha Sotera e Caia de Bourbon e Bragança"; 22 April 1800 – 4 September 1834) was a Portuguese "infanta" (princess) daughter of King John VI of Portugal and his spouse Carlota Joaquina of Spain. Maria was born in Queluz, Portugal. On 22 September 1816 in Madrid, she married her uncle Infante Carlos Maria Isidro of Spain, "Count of
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Maria Amalia of Austria


Maria Amalia of Austria (Maria Amalie Josefa Anna; 22 October 1701 – 11 December 1756) was Holy Roman Empress, Queen of the Germans, Queen of Bohemia, Electress and Duchess of Bavaria etc. as the spouse of Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor. By birth, she was an Archduchess of Austria as the daughter of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor and Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Maria Amalia had seven children with her husband Charles, only four of whom lived through to adulthood. Her son became Maximilian
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Maria Amalia of Austria


opera and her apartments at the royal Munich residence is regarded as a notable example of the Rococo. Despite the fact that Maria Amalia had renounced her claims to the Austrian lands upon her marriage, Charles Albert claimed the Habsburg lands by marriage to her during the War of the Austrian Succession in 1740. After an agreement with the spouse of her elder sister Maria Josepha, who would otherwise have a stronger claim than her, her husband invaded Bohemia. Maria Amalia was crowned as Queen of Bohemia in Prague on December 7, 1741
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Maria Theresa of Savoy


Maria Theresa of Savoy (Maria Teresa; 31 January 1756 – 2 June 1805) was a French princess (Countess of Artois) by marriage to Charles Philippe, Count of Artois, grandson of Louis XV and younger brother of Louis XVI. Some nineteen years after her death, her spouse assumed the throne of France as King Charles X. Princess Maria Theresa of Savoy was born at the Royal Palace in Turin during the reign of her grandfather Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia. The daughter of the heir apparent and his wife, Victor
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Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel


. In 14 January 1766, Frederick V died and was succeeded by Juliana Maria's stepson Christian VII. A series of events resulted in Juliana Maria becoming the de facto ruler of Denmark six years after being widowed. Her stepson king Christian VII rejected her attempts to make contact with him, as did his spouse, Caroline Matilda of Great Britain. It was noted how the younger of the two queen dowagers were neglected by the royal couple: despite the fact that Juliana Maria's summer residence Fredensborg Palace was but a short distance
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Maria Caterina Brignole


lover days after her official separation was approved, and openly lived happily with him in his residence Chateau de Chantilly in Paris. Honoré finally realized his relationship with Maria Caterina was finished and turned his attention to his own lovers. Maria Caterina wrote to her spouse that the marriage could be summarised by three words: greed, bravery, and jealousy. Honoré III eventually accepted the relationship, and she acquired the Chateau de Betz, where Honoré allowed her to meet her sons. In 1774, due to Maria Caterina's illicit position
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September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
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Maria Sanudo


Maria Sanudo (died 1426) was sovereign lady of the island of Andros in the Duchy of the Archipelago in 1372-1383, and sovereign lady of the island of Paros and of one third of Negroponte in 1383-1426 in co-regency with her spouse, Gaspare Sommaripa. Maria Sanudo was a daughter of the Duchess of the Archipelago Florence Sanudo and her second husband Nicholas II Sanudo, and half-sister of Nicholas III dalle Carceri (r. 1371–1383), the last Duke of the Archipelago from the House of Sanudo
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Adélaïde d'Orléans


-law Maria Amalia, who was loyal to the reigning older branch. When rumors arrived that the royalists were going to arrest Louis-Philippe, he evacuated to Raincy and the children were sent to Villiers-Coterets, but Adélaïde and Maria Amalia remained at Neuilly. When a delegation reached Neuilly and offered Louis-Philippe the crown, Maria Amalia refused the offer on behalf of herself and her spouse as an insult, reproaching Scheffer and Thiers for insulting them by having made it. Adélaïde, however, accepted it with the
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Maria Miloslavskaya


Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya (, 1 April 1624 –1669) was a Russian tsaritsa as the first spouse of tsar Alexis of Russia. She was the mother of tsar Feodor III of Russia, tsar Ivan V of Russia, and the princess regent Sophia Alekseyevna. Maria Ilyinichna was a younger daughter of the noble Ilya Danilovich Miloslavsky (d. 1668) and Ekaterina Fedorovna Miloslavskaya (Narbekova). Her father was a relative and supporter of Boris Morozov, the influential tutor and favorite of the tsar. In 1647, tsar Alexis I of
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Maria Leopoldine of Austria


Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Tyrol (6 April 1632 – 7 August 1649), was by birth Archduchess of Austria and member of the Tyrolese branch of the House of Habsburg and by marriage the second spouse of her first cousin, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III. As such, she was Empress of the Holy Roman Empire, German Queen and Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia. She died in childbirth. Maria Leopoldine was born in Innsbruck on 6 April 1632 as the third (but second surviving) daughter and the fifth and
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Maria Amalia of Austria


Maria Amalia was proposed as a bride for the Italian Victor Amadeus, Prince of Piedmont, heir to the Kingdom of Sicily and Duchy of Savoy. The union was supposed to create better relations between Savoy and Austria, but the plan was ignored by the Duke of Savoy. The younger Victor Amadeus subsequently died of smallpox, unmarried, in 1715. In 1717, Maria Amalia met her future spouse, Charles Albert of Bavaria, when he visited Vienna on his way to participate in the war against the Ottoman Empire in Belgrade.
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Maria Euphrosyne of Zweibrücken


the crown. Maria Euphrosyne was not above using her status as the aunt of the King to avoid confiscation, but she was only moderately successful: in 1685, she was allowed to keep her own personal allowance and her favorite residence Höjentorp Castle, but the confiscation of her husband's property continued undisturbed. Maria Euphrosyne became a widow in 1686. This was in the middle of the reduction. The King refused to pay for the funeral of her spouse, and to stop the creditors from inventoring her own personal possessions and jewelry
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Anna Maria Hjärne


Anna Maria Hjärne née "Ehrensvärd" (1718-1798) was a Swedish courtier; "överhovmästarinna" (Mistress of the Robes) to the queen of Sweden, Sophia Magdalena of Denmark, from 1766 to 1777. Born to Johan Jacob Ehrensvärd and Anna Maria Mannerheim, she married "riksråd" count Gustaf Adolf Hjärne in 1739. She and her spouse were both known sympathizers of the Hats. During the Age of Liberty, the Hats and Caps often maneuvered to have their sympathizers placed in court offices, and when the
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Mario, Maria and Mario


Mario, Maria and Mario () is a 1993 Italian drama film written and directed by Ettore Scola. Two young communist spouses, Mario and Maria Boschi, lead an ordinary life of work: he in the newspaper "L'Unità", she in a haberdashery, a little tense, like many, for the often urged need to reconcile the inexorable work commitments with the care and schedules of two very young children. To disturb the daily routine of the two is the crisis that arises within the local section of their party at
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Maria Cunitz


War (they were of Protestant religion; her siblings, who stayed in Silesia, converted to Roman Catholicism). After their return to Silesia, they published, at their own expense, Maria's book in 1650. The work was dedicated to Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand III. In 1655, a catastrophic fire of Pitschen () destroyed their scientific papers, and also the instruments and chemicals used for making many types of medicines. This undercut their source of income. Maria became a widow (a woman whose spouse has died
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Princess Maria Elizabeth of Sweden


Kronor in Stockholm. The duke and duchess hosted a luxurious court in their residences at Vadstena Castle and Bråborg Castle in the Duchy of Ostrogothia. The marriage is described as unhappy, and Maria Elizabeth blamed her mother for having arranged it. Reportedly, none of the spouses was emotionally involved or happy about the marriage, and it was believed to have had a negative effect on both of their health. Duke John suffered from increasing depression from 1613 onward, and from the summer of the following year, Maria Elizabeth was affected by
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Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551–1608)


uncle, Charles II of Austria. The marriage was arranged to give Charles political support from Bavaria, and Bavaria an agent in Vienna. The relation between Maria Anna and Charles are described as good. Maria Anna was described as confident, ambitious and a great lover of pomp and power, but foremost as a devoted Catholic. She participated in the affairs of state, and successfully benefited a powerful counter reformation in the domains of her spouse. She continued her education in music, benefited the Jesuit school in Graz, and spent
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Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal


Maria of Aragon (29 June 1482 – 7 March 1517) was a Spanish infanta, and queen consort of Portugal as the second spouse of Portuguese King Manuel I. Maria was born at Córdoba on 29 June 1482 as the third surviving daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (the Catholic monarchs). She was the fourth of their five surviving children, and had a stillborn twin sister named Anna (though some other sources claim that the queen was pregnant with fraternal twins, and the stillborn baby was a
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Caterina Visconti


Caterina Visconti (1361 – 17 October 1404) was Duchess of Milan as the second spouse of Gian Galeazzo Visconti, the first Duke of Milan, and was the mother of two succeeding Dukes of Milan, Gian Maria and Filippo Maria Visconti. Caterina served as Regent of Milan from 1402 to 1404, during her elder son's minority, but due to Gian Maria's suspicion of her alleged treason (planted in his mind by her enemy, the condottiero Facino Cane), he had his mother arrested and imprisoned in the castle
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Maria Theresa of Savoy


second son, Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, was born in 1778. Her last child, Marie Thérèse d'Artois, presumably named after her mother, died while the court was at Choisy-le-Roi at the age of just 6 months. Prior to the meeting of the Estates General, every member of the Royal Family was publicly mocked by libelous verses, in which Maria Theresa was claimed to have given birth to an illegitimate child. Maria Theresa left France with her spouse after the Storming of the Bastille on 14
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Maria Skuratova-Belskaya


Maria Grigorievna Skuratova-Belskaya (died 10/20 June 1605), was a Tsaritsa of Russia as the spouse of Tsar Boris Godunov. She served as regent of Russia during the minority of her son, Tsar Feodor II of Russia, in 1605. Maria Skuratova-Belskaya was the daughter of Tsar Ivan the Terrible's favorite, Malyuta Skuratov-Belskiy. In 1570, she married Boris Godunov. The marriage was reportedly arranged because Godunov wished to strengthened his position at court by becoming the son-in-law of the Tsar
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Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)


death of her spouse, Maria came to be convinced that Russia needed reforms to avoid a revolution. According to courtier Paul Benckendorff there was a scene when Maria asked her son not to appoint the conservative Wahl as minister for internal affairs: “during which one [the empress dowager] almost threw herself at his [the tsar's] knees' begging him not to make this appointment and to choose someone who could make concessions. She said that if Nicholas did not agree, she would 'leave for Denmark, and then
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Maria Naryshkina


Maria Antonovna Naryshkina (Russian: Мария Антоновна Нарышкина, 1779–1854), born Princess Maria Czetwertyńska-Światopełk, was a Polish noblewoman who was the mistress of Tsar Alexander I of Russia for 13 years. She was the daughter of the Polish prince Antoni Stanisław Czetwertyński-Światopełk and his wife, Tekla von Kampenhausen. In 1795, she married Dmitry Lvovich Naryshkin, a hofmeister. In 1799, with her spouse's approval, she entered into a relationship with Alexander, who became tsar in 1801. She was well liked by Alexander
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Maria Temryukovna


Maria Temryukovna (, Kabardian: Гуэщэней Идар Темрыкъуэ и пхъу, c. 1544 – 1 September 1569) was a Circassian Tsaritsa of the Tsardom of Russia and second spouse to Ivan IV of Russia. The daughter of Temryuk (Timur or Teymour) of Kabardia, Maria (originally named Qochenay bint Teymour ("Кученей") before her baptism) was presented to Ivan in Moscow after the death of his first wife Anastasia Romanovna. Russian folklore tells of how Ivan's first wife, before dying, warned him not to take a
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Cousins (1989 film)


). Newly made cousins-by-marriage, they find they have more in common than expected as their respective spouses, insecure Tish (Young) and boorish Tom (Petersen) begin an affair. Over a series of ritualized family events, dreamer Larry and repressed Maria decide to exact revenge on their spouses by pretending to have an affair themselves. Their good-natured plan takes on unexpected gravity when they learn not only are they great friends, but they realize they're falling in love with each other. They consummate
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Ebba Leijonhufvud


(1614-1646) to Johan Oxenstierna. In 1631, she accompanied the queen, Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, to Germany, where she joined her second spouse Horn who served in the Thirty Years' War. Widowed the following year, she returned to Sweden with the niece of her late spouse, Agneta Horn, to whom she acted as guardian. In the famous memoirs of Agneta Horn, she is described as a "cold and heartless" foster parent. In 1633, Ebba Leijonhufvud was appointed Mistress of the Robes
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Blanche of Anjou


Blanche of Anjou (1280 – 14 October 1310) was Queen of Aragon as the second spouse of King James II. She was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou, she is also known as "Blanche of Naples". She served as Regent or "Queen-Lieutenant" of Aragon during the absence of her spouse in 1310. Blanche was the daughter of Charles II of Naples and Maria of Hungary. Among her siblings were Robert I of Naples, Saint Louis of Toulouse, Philip I of Taranto, titular
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Maria Euphrosyne of Zweibrücken


monarch, after the death of Johan Göransson Gyllenstierna. She was denied an audience with her nephew without witnesses and had no success in getting her spouse in favor. After she, by using her contacts, managed to get an audience in private with the King, however, she told him that she hoped Gyllenstierna was now in Hell, and the result was that her spouse was appointed Seneschal. During the great reduction of her nephew King Charles XI in the 1680s, a lot of the property of the family was confiscated by
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Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia


her abdicated spouse to Nice. Maria Theresa survived Victor Emmanuel by eight years. She was accused of having tried to convince her childless brother-in-law Charles Felix to assign Francis IV, duke of Modena (her brother and the husband of her eldest daughter Maria Beatrice), as heir to the throne. Due to the hostility directed toward her, she was not allowed to return to Turin until 1831. She was buried in the Basilica of Superga. Since the Empire of Austria was established in 1804, many years
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Henriette of France (1727–1752)


which led to a temporary estrangement between the sisters. In 1747, her brother Louis was forced to marry Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France, against his will shortly after the death of his beloved first spouse, Maria Teresa Rafaela, in childbirth. This caused Louis to initially be hostile toward Maria Josepha, even more so when his only child with the Spanish Infanta died at the age of two, but she eventually managed to win his affection, upon the advice of Henriette. Henriette died of smallpox in 1752 at
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Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily


-Philippe the crown, Maria Amalia refused the offer on behalf of herself and her spouse, reproaching Ary Scheffer and Adolphe Thiers for insulting them by having made it. Adélaïde, however, accepted it with the argument that her brother would do anything to prevent the country he loved from anarchy. Thiers accepted the answer of Adélaïde rather than the one from Maria Amalia with the words: "Madame, you have given the crown to your family". After this, several other visits followed from people asking Louis-Philippe to
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Maria Vittoria De Fornari Strata


Blessed Maria Vittoria De Fornari Strata (1562 – 15 December 1617) was an Italian Roman Catholic professed religious and the foundress of the Order of the Annunciation - or Blue Nuns. Fornari was married for just under a decade and decided not to find another spouse after having a vision of the Madonna who instructed her to lead a chaste life of motherhood. The widow decided to found an order not long after this based on the Carmelite charism. Her beatification was held on 21 September 1828. Maria Vittoria De Fornari was born in
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Maria Caterina Brignole


attracted attention in Paris that she was courted by the Prince of Condé, Louis Joseph de Bourbon. When her spouse was informed by his brother's wife , he returned from his own adultery in Normandy to scold her: when he left, Maria Caterina, who until then had regarded Condé as merely a friend, reportedly responded to Condé's feelings, and they became involved in a love affair. Honoré III and Maria Caterina lived separate lives with their own lovers, and he did not bring her with him during his state
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Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855)


and a new brand conservative who believed in checks and balances on royal power, she had a great influence on her eldest son on the new Italian throne. Even among the frequently tangled genealogies of European nobility, the ancestry of Maria Theresa of Tuscany was unusual. In fact, her parents had the same four grandparents, so they were double cousins when they spoused: this practice of alliances between cousins that was still common at that time, given that the families (and notably the parents and grandparents of Maria Theresa) had
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Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress


Archduchess Maria of Austria (21 June 1528 – 26 February 1603) was Holy Roman Empress and queen consort of Bohemia and Hungary as the spouse of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia and Hungary. She served as regent of Spain in the absence of her father Emperor Charles V from 1548 until 1551, and in the absence of her brother Philip II, from 1558 to 1561. Maria was born in Madrid, Spain to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, and Isabella of Portugal.
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Louis Viardot


Le Globe" (1828) alongside Pierre Leroux, who introduced him to George Sand. In 1836 Viardot, who was already a friend of the artist Ary Scheffer, served as the attorney of Maria Malibran and managed her affairs. Her marriage with Eugene Malibran was terminated in 1836 with his help. Maria Malibran was the oldest sister of his future spouse Pauline Garcia (1821-1910). 1836 г. Pauline Garcia, sister of Maria Malibran, met George Sand in 1836. Due to George Sand already knowing Louis Viardot
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Maria Letizia Bonaparte, Duchess of Aosta


as his first spouse Maria Vittoria del Pozzo della Cisterna had died in 1876. Due to the large age difference, Maria Letizia was only three years older than Amadeus' eldest child. The wedding was notable for being the first marriage between a Bonaparte and a member of a reigning house of Europe since 1859. As it was the first major event since the fall of the Second French Republic, the marriage was instrumental in bringing considerable attention back to the prospects of the Bonapartes among various members of the press, especially pertaining to
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Maria Chiara Spinucci


Maria Chiara Spinucci (1741–1792), was an Italian aristocrat, courtier of Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria and the morganatic spouse of Prince Francis Xavier of Saxony. In Dresden on 9 March 1765, she married Franz Xavier morganatically. The union was keep secret until 1777 when it was formally announced and legitimized. In 1769, Franz Xavier moved his family to France, the home of his younger sister, the Dauphine Marie-Josèphe, who had died two years earlier. He lived in France for almost twenty years under the assumed
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Maria Rumyantseva


Nikolai Mikhailovich reported that the boy's father was not her spouse, but Tsar Peter himself was. When Anna Ivanovna stripped her spouse of rank and exiled him to Kazan village, she and the children were sent to live in Alatyr village, where they spent about three years. In 1735 her husband had been restored to the rank of lieutenant general and made of Astrakhan, and then the Kazan governor, and appointed commander of the troops sent against the rebellious Bashkir. In 1738 Rumyantsev was appointed governor of the Ukraine, and
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Maria Theresa of Savoy


July 1789, which marked the beginning of the French Revolution, and took refuge in her homeland of Savoy. She left one week after her spouse with a retinue of thirty people, and since she had her possessions sold in connection to her trip, the couple's official statement that they were to return in spring was doubted. When her spouse left Savoy in 1791, she stayed behind, and the couple lived separated for the rest of their lives. The Count of Artois refused to give her permission to stay with or
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Agafya Grushetskaya


Agafya Semyonovna Grushetskaya - Gruszecki (originally: Agata Siemionovna Gruszecka) () (1663 – 14 July 1681) was a Polish noble woman residing in Russia, from the Gruszecki noble family, coat of arms Lubicz.Tsaritsa of Russia as the first spouse of Tsar Feodor III of Russia who hailed from the Grushetsky - Gruszecki  family. She was a daughter of (voivode, and boyar) Semyon Fyodorovich Grushetsky (Gruszecki) and his spouse Maria Ivanovna Zaborovska. She could speak and write Polish, French and Latin and was well
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Alexander I of Russia


Frederick William III that the marriage, a political match devised by his grandmother, Catherine the Great, regrettably proved to be a misfortune for him and his spouse. Their two children died young. Their common sorrow drew the spouses closer together. Towards the close of his life their reconciliation was completed by the wise charity of the Empress in sympathising deeply with him over the death of his beloved daughter Sophia Naryshkina, the daughter of his mistress Maria Naryshkina, with whom he had a relationship from 1799 until 1818. In 1809,
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