General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge [SEP] crosses
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General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge


The General En Jefe Rafael Urdaneta Bridge is located at the Tablazo Strait outlet of Lake Maracaibo, in western Venezuela. The bridge connects Maracaibo with much of the rest of the country. It is named after General Rafael Urdaneta, a Venezuelan hero of Independence. Made of reinforced and prestressed concrete, the cable-stayed bridge spans from shore to shore. The five main spans are each long. They are supported from tall towers, and provide of clearance to the water below. The bridge carries only vehicles. The competition to
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Rafael Urdaneta University


Rafael Urdaneta University; URU (Spanish: Universidad Rafael Urdaneta) is a private, non-profit university founded in 1973, located at La Vereda del Lago (Maracaibo, Venezuela), by the Rafael Urdaneta foundation and the Rafael Urdaneta university civic association. It receives its name from the general Rafael Urdaneta, Zulian father of Venezuelan independence. Rafael Urdaneta University is a higher education institute whose purpose is to generate and apply the imparted knowledge to contribute to the evolution of the human being and to the formation of professionals with values
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Maracaibo


the rest of the country. Proposals for a bridge design that included rail transport and tourist facilities were seriously considered. The fall of the Pérez Jiménez government on 23 January 1958, quickly led to a less elaborate design project that was approved and funded by a democratic and more conservative government. The building of "El Puente Sobre El Lago de Maracaibo "General Rafael Urdaneta"—(General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge over Lake Maracaibo) named after the distinguished General hero of the War of Independence was opened to public traffic in 1962. The project was completed
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Riccardo Morandi


Riccardo Morandi (1 September 1902 – 25 December 1989) was an Italian civil engineer best known for his innovative use of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete, although over the years some of his particular cable-stayed bridges have had some maintenance trouble. Amongst his best-known works are the General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge, an crossing of Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela; a similar cable-stayed bridge commonly known as Ponte Morandi in Genoa, which partially collapsed in 2018 for reasons under investigation; and the Subterranean Automobile Showroom in Turin.
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Rafael Urdaneta


Rafael José Urdaneta y Farías (October 24, 1788 – August 23, 1845) was a Venezuelan General and hero of the Spanish American wars of independence. He served as President of Gran Colombia from 1830 until 1831. He was an ardent supporter of Simón Bolívar and one of his most trusted and loyal allies. Urdaneta served as the Minister of Defence whilst Simón Bolívar was President of Gran Colombia. Rafael Urdaneta was born in Maracaibo, Captaincy General of Venezuela to a prominent family of Spanish descent on October 24, 1788.
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General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge


be part of the series of the most famous bridges over the world, with the Golden Gate Bridge, the bridge over the Firth of Forth, the Brooklyn Bridge, and the Garabit Viaduct. It was opened on 24 August 1962 by the then-president of Venezuela Romulo Betancourt. In April 1964, parts of the bridge collapsed after a collision with the tanker "Esso Maracaibo", causing the deaths of seven people. The construction of a second cable-stayed bridge has been proposed since 1982, with a series of
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Ponte Morandi


condition of bridges across Europe. It was later decided that the bridge would not be repaired but demolished. Demolition began in February 2019 and was completed on 28 June 2019. The bridge was designed by Riccardo Morandi. It was similar to his earlier 1957 design for the General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge in Venezuela, except for the stays, which in the Venezuelan bridge are not covered with prestressed concrete. The Ponte Morandi was a cable-stayed bridge characterised by a prestressed concrete structure for the piers, pylons and deck, very few
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Cable-stayed bridge


bracing' stays are used to stabilise the pylons; Millau Viaduct and Mezcala Bridge, where twin-legged towers are used; and General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge, where very stiff multi-legged frame towers were adopted. A similar situation with a suspension bridge is found at both the Great Seto Bridge and San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge where additional anchorage piers are required after every set of three suspension spans – this solution can also be adapted for cable-stayed bridges. The extradosed bridge is a cable-stayed bridge but with
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Rafael Urdaneta


congress could convene, the Neogranadine generals expressed their displeasure against General Urdaneta, and military actions erupted throughout the country. Generals José María Obando and José Hilario López took control of the southern states of New Granada, and General José Salvador Córdova Muñoz of the northern states. On April 14, 1831, the advancing armies proclaimed Caycedo as the legitimate head of the executive, and requested General Urdaneta to enter into peace negotiations. Urdaneta accepted, and met with the Neogranadine generals in the town of Apulo. On 28 April both parties
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Riccardo Morandi


economic than bridges with multiple stays and have therefore been of little influence on other engineers. Bridges by Morandi have proved to require extensive maintenance and repairs over the years to pass bridge safety inspections, and cables embedded in concrete are difficult to inspect. On his General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge in Venezuela - where the cables of the stays are not covered with prestressed concrete (as instead intended from the initial project, and optimal for Morandi) - several exposed cables snapped from rapid corrosion, and all the stay-cables were replaced just
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General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge


design the bridge started in 1957 and was won by Riccardo Morandi, an Italian civil engineer. Morandi's was the only concrete design out of twelve entries, and was expected to be less expensive to maintain, as well as providing valuable experience of prestressed concrete technology for Venezuela. Construction was carried out by several companies, including Grün & Bilfinger, Julius Berger, Bauboag AG, Philipp Holzmann AG, Precomprimido C.A., Wayss & Freytag and K Ingeniería. According to eminent bridge engineer Michel Virlogeux: the Lake Maracaibo Bridge deserves to
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SS Esso Maracaibo


. On 6 April 1964 "Esso Maracaibo", carrying of crude oil, was on her way through the outlet of Lake Maracaibo when she lost her steering because of an electrical malfunction. Unable to navigate, the ship first hit pier 31 of the General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge and then also crushed pier 32. This led to the collapse of a long section of the bridge. Four cars fell to the sea, resulting in seven deaths ("The New York Times" reported five casualties). Parts of the bridge came
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Lake Maracaibo


, 1964, at 11:45 pm, the tanker "Esso Maracaibo", loaded with of crude oil, suffered a major electrical failure, so that control of steering was lost. Thus it collided with pier #31 of the two-year-old General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge across the mouth of the lake. A section of the bridge roadway fell into the water with a portion coming to rest across the tanker just a few feet from the ship's superstructure. No oil spill occurred, and there were no deaths or serious
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José Hilario López


of Juanambú was signed on 2 March 1829. Bolívar also explained his decision to ignore the Constitution of Cúcuta, after General José Antonio Páez’ actions in Venezuela. Under the military government of Rafael Urdaneta in September 1830, López and Obando rebelled once again and started a campaign to destabilize the government. Their forces took over most of the south and took control of the town of Popayán. López advanced to Tocaima, where he confronted General Rafael Urdaneta, but both reached a ceasefire that followed the "Apulo Agreement", signed
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Lake Maracaibo


such is one of the oldest lakes on Earth at 20–36 million years old. Lake Maracaibo acts as a major shipping route to the ports of Maracaibo and Cabimas. The surrounding Maracaibo Basin contains large reserves of crude oil, making the lake a major profit center for Venezuela. The basin also holds almost a quarter of Venezuela's population. A dredged channel gives oceangoing vessels access to the bay. The long General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge, which was completed in 1962 and spans the bay's outlet, is one of the longest bridges
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Rafael Urdaneta University


. Given its commitment to education in a developing country, the University focuses on the Undergraduate education. It is an autonomous institution in the terms defined by the Constitution and the Law of Universities. Within the academic community, it is known for its respectful pluralism founded in logical reasoning; the methodology of the science and the social relevance of the knowledge incite the production of wisdom. The integral conception of the person is assumed in extra-curricular activities. Rafael Urdaneta University is a higher education institute whose purpose is to generate and
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Domingo Caycedo


president and Caycedo as vice-president. Because Mosquera was very ill and frail, Caycedo assumed the executive power as acting president on August 2, 1830. Caycedo was deposed, by the first coup d’état in the country, by the Venezuelan General Rafael Urdaneta on September 5, 1830. Months later, supported by the regrouped constitutional army, Caycedo proclaimed he was the legitimate president on April 11, 1831. He contacted General Urdaneta and invited him to a summit to discuss the future of the nation’s government. Urdaneta accepted
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Leopoldo Sucre Figarella


position, Sucre pushed forward many important works such as the Angostura Bridge in Ciudad Bolívar, the General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge in Maracaibo, the Araña highway distributor, the Tejerías-Caracas highway, the Guri Dam in Bolivar, the famous Cota Mil in Caracas as well as pushing forth works on the Caracas Metro and the expansion of the Simón Bolívar International Airport among others. In 1984, President Jaime Lusinchi named him President of the Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana with the rank of cabinet member. From there Sucre Figarella gave an important push
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Rafael Urdaneta University


" in the strategic areas of the country. It was founded by Eloy Parraga Villamarín, who used to be the Governor of Zulia state and ambassador of the United States of America. Formed by extensive professional and business sectors of the society on October 24, 1973, it started educational activities on September 4, 1976. The Rafael Urdaneta University is named after the Zulian hero Rafael Urdaneta (1788-1845), a prominent leader of the Ibero-American independence. Since its foundation, URU investigated and applied an anthropocentric role
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Rafael Urdaneta


the presidency under the title of "Provisional Chief of the Government of the Republic of Colombia". It was the hope of General Urdaneta and his allies to persuade Bolívar, who had resigned in May of that year, to return to the capital and once again take over as president. When it became clear that Bolívar would not return to the capital, and in an effort to restore peace and order, Urdaneta ordered Congress to convene on June 15, 1831, in the city of Villa de Leyva. Nevertheless, before
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Rafael Urdaneta


dissolution and the establishment of a dictatorship in the Republic of New Granada, they were forced to flee the country. Upon reaching Maracaibo, Venezuela (Urdaneta's native city), they suffered persecution from General Páez, who had become one of Bolívar's ideological adversaries after the end of the Venezuelan War of Independence. Urdaneta and Dolores were supporters of Bolívar's cause; so they were forced to flee again, this time to Curaçao. In 1832, they were able to return to Caracas through a license granted to the family
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Zulia energy collapse


the state of Zulia, Maracaibo, spent up to a week without electricity due to a fire that occurred in the warehouses of an electrical transmission wiring located in the General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge, the main communication channel in that region. After the restoration, rationing was applied for four hours a day. On 31 August, at dawn, there was an explosion at the Las Tarabas substation that caused the suspension of service in the northern part of the city for more than 18 hours. At the end of August, the government
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Philipp Holzmann


II, Holzmann constructed large parts of the Atlantic Wall by order of the Organisation Todt. In the post-war period, the company soon recovered with the rebuilding of Frankfurt, the airport and several public infrastructure projects. Post-war projects included the General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge in Venezuela completed in 1962, the AfE-Turm in Frankfurt completed in 1972, the Westend Gate in Frankfurt completed in 1976, the Eurotower in Frankfurt completed in 1977 and the Silberturm in Frankfurt completed in 1978. These projects enabled Holzmann to expand into
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Maracaibo


. Maracaibo is served by La Chinita International Airport. The General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge connects Maracaibo with the rest of the country. The La Chiquinquirá Church catholic church within the city. The name Maracaibo is said to come from the brave "cacique" (Indian chief) Mara, a young native who valiantly resisted the Spaniards and died fighting them. Legend says that when Mara fell, the Indians shouted ""Mara kayó!"" (Mara fell!), thus originating the city name --although it would be strange for
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Venezuela


de chivo, jalea de mango, patacones, and fried camiguanas. Carlos Raúl Villanueva was the most important Venezuelan architect of the modern era; he designed the Central University of Venezuela, (a World Heritage Site) and its Aula Magna. Other notable architectural works include the Capitolio, the Baralt Theatre, the Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex, and the General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge. The literacy rate of the adult population was already at 91.1% by 1998. In 2008, 95.2% of the adult population was literate. The net
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Pedro Carujo


and organized a militia of 1,000 men, with whom he crossed the border and ventured to Riohacha, who had rebelled against the government of Rafael Urdaneta. In January 1831, in the vicinity of San José and the Mill, he was defeated by the general Jose Felix Blanco, after which he would retire from the army in 1833. Subsequently, he became the spokesman for a group of military and ranchers gathered around the general Santiago Mariño. Carujo fought from the columns of the "El republicano" newspaper against the presidential candidacy
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Dolores Vargas París


Dolores married Rafael Urdaneta in Santa Fe, Gran Colombia, on August 31, 1822. Before Gran Colombia was dissolved in 1831, the marriage had enjoyed much popularity. However, following the dissolution and the establishment of a dictatorship in the Republic of New Granada, they were forced to flee the country. Upon reaching Maracaibo, Venezuela, Urdaneta's native city, they suffered persecution from General Paez, who had been one of Bolivar's ideological adversaries after the end of the Venezuelan War of Independence. Urdaneta and Dolores had been
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Latin American culture


also an educator and intellectual. Others, such as Laureano Vallenilla Lanz and José Gil Fortoul, contributed to Venezuelan Positivism. Carlos Raúl Villanueva was the most important Venezuelan architect of the modern era; he designed the Central University of Venezuela, (a World Heritage Site) and its Aula Magna. Other notable architectural works include the Capitol, the Baralt Theatre, the Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex, and the General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge. Baseball and football are Venezuela's most popular sports, and the Venezuela national football team, is passionately
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RCTV


service to the state of Táchira and the Norte de Santander Department in Colombia from an transmitter located in the high barren plain of El Zumbador. On 24 August 1963, RCTV was given the exclusive rights to broadcast the inauguration of the General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge over Lake Maracaibo. On this day, RCTV launched their first transmission via microwave transmitters from the antennas in Curimagua and Maracaibo. The use of the electronic pointer was incorporated. On every 17 December between the years 1963 and 1969, RCTV presented, and reran by popular demand
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SS Esso Maracaibo


Esso Maracaibo was a tanker of the Creole Petroleum Corporation (a subsidiary of Standard Oil Corporation of New Jersey). She was the second ship of that enterprise to bear that name, the first one having been . Her purpose was to transport crude oil between Lake Maracaibo and Aruba. She made international headlines on 6 April 1964, when she rammed the General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge, causing two spans of it to collapse. "Esso Maracaibo" was one of four tankers built in 1959 for the Creole Petroleum Corporation at shipyards in
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List of Presidents of Colombia


after the Congress of Ocaña failed to pass a new constitution. Bolívar eventually relinquished power in 1830, and Congress elected Joaquín de Mosquera y Arboleda as his successor, but was shortly deposed by General Rafael Urdaneta y Faría who hoped Bolívar would once again re-take power, but Bolívar not only declined the Presidency, but also shortly died, leaving Urdaneta with no mandate for power. Urdaneta ceded executive-power to the Vice President Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría, as Congress had impeached Mosquera for his failure to prevent the
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Rafael Urdaneta


stand out the , the , the (after which he was promoted to Lieutenant-general at only 26 years of age), the Capture of Maracaibo, and the March to San Carlos in 1821 that liberated the Province of Coro and set the stage for the Battle of Carabobo. He did not participate in the Battle of Carabobo since Bolívar considered that the exhaustion his troops had suffered during the march was too great. In view of Urdaneta's service, Bolívar requested at this moment that he be promoted to General Officer.
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Urdaneta Municipality, Aragua


Urdaneta is one of the 18 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Aragua and, according to the 2011 census by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 21,271. The town of Barbacoas is the shire town of the Urdaneta Municipality. The municipality is one of several in Venezuela named "Urdaneta Municipality" in honour of Venezuelan independence hero Rafael Urdaneta. The Urdaneta Municipality, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of
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Urdaneta Municipality, Lara


Urdaneta is one of nine municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Lara and, according to a 2007 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 63,213. The town of Siquisique is the municipal seat of the Urdaneta Municipality. The municipality is one of several in Venezuela named "Urdaneta Municipality" in honour of Venezuelan independence hero Rafael Urdaneta. The Urdaneta Municipality, according to a 2011 population census by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, has a population of
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Urdaneta Municipality, Miranda


Urdaneta is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Miranda and, according to a 2016 population estimate by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 167,768. The town of Cúa is the municipal seat of the Urdaneta Municipality. The municipality is one of several in Venezuela named "Urdaneta Municipality" in honour of Venezuelan independence hero Rafael Urdaneta. The first establishments of Cúa dates from the pre-Columbian period, being the first founders the "Quiriquires" natives
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Rafael Urdaneta


Bolívar, was stationed in Bogotá. Another battalion, loyal to General Francisco de Paula Santander, and also stationed in the same city, persuaded the Government to relocate Callao to the city of Tunja. This action provoked an uproar in the civilian population from Venezuela that lived in Bogotá, and triggered a confrontation between both battalions. The Callao battalion defeated the Neogranadine battalion and President Joaquín Mosquera y Arboleda and Vice President Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría fled from the capital. On September 5, 1830, General Urdaneta took control of
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Jacinto Lara


and in the battles of Bárbula and Trincheras (two actions near Naguanagua) and Vigirima. In 1814, he took part in the Battle of Carabobo, on May 28, the day he turned 36, and then, under the orders of General Rafael Urdaneta, continued operations in the west of the country. He participated in the retreat to Nueva Granada, where the command of Urdaneta's forces is assumed by Bolívar, and they marched to Santafé de Bogotá to fight against Manuel Bernardo Álvarez, concluding the operation in December of
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Rafael Urdaneta


Following the Battle of Carabobo in 1821, with Venezuela independent and after years of service to the patriotic cause, Urdaneta became one of Bolívar's closest friends and collaborators. In 1828 Urdaneta, then Minister of War and presiding over the Cabinet, was in charge of judging the alleged traitors behind the by which an attempt was made to assassinate Bolívar, then president of Gran Colombia. Convinced without any doubt that Francisco de Paula Santander was the head conspirator, Urdaneta, along with the majority of the ministers in the Cabinet, sentenced
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Rafael Urdaneta


, and before ever reaching Spain. Urdaneta is buried in the National Pantheon of Venezuela since May 16, 1876. In 2015, the 24th of October was decreed as a national holiday in Venezuela to commemorate him. Encouraged by his uncle, Martín de Urdaneta y Troconis, who had been employed in Santa Fe, Viceroyalty of New Granada as the chief accountant of the Court of Accounts of the Real Audiencia of Santa Fe, Urdaneta traveled to that city in 1804 with the intention of developing his studies. He lived several years
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Rafael Urdaneta University


, independent, competitive and compromised to the scientific, technical and humanistic development of the social environment to elaborate sustainable projects that resolve the problems of the State and the Nation. The Rafael Urdaneta University (URU) is a nonprofit institution, officially authorized by the Executive Order #101 of May 21, 1974, issued from the Presidency of the Republic, with a positive opinion of the National Council of Universities. It was created "with the purpose to form the necessary and capable human resource to face the scientific and technological developments
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Nora Bustamante Luciani


. As the second child of six siblings, she was descended from a family of physicians and academics. Her paternal grandfather was Francisco Eugenio Bustamante first physician to perform an oophorectomy in Venezuela, whose wife, María Concepción Urdaneta was a cousin of General Rafael Urdaneta. On her maternal side, the feminist and first woman chair in the , Lucila Luciani de Pérez Díaz was her aunt and the physician was her uncle. Bustamante began reading at a young age and was passionate about literature and history. She completed her primary education at
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Rafael Urdaneta


by the government of Venezuela, but it stipulated that Urdaneta was not to intervene in the politics of the country. The family moved to Santa Ana de Coro, where a revolt erupted against the government. This opened the doors for Urdaneta to venture into Venezuelan politics once again. He was eventually able to retain a position as a senator until 1845. In 1845, he was appointed Envoy of Venezuela to Spain, but he died in Paris, France, on the 23rd of August of that year from complications from kidney stones
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Rafael Urdaneta


. Following the Battle of Santa Fe in 1813, he was captured by the royalists and imprisoned for a few months before being liberated. Simón Bolívar had been exiled from Venezuelan territory after the collapse of the first republic he had established in 1811, but by 1813 he was fighting the royalists in the New Granada region. It was during this time that Urdaneta was able to join Bolívar's revolutionary army. Bolívar's Admirable Campaign to reclaim Venezuela proved to be a stage for Urdaneta. He distinguished himself under the command of colonel
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Richmond–San Rafael Bridge


The Richmond–San Rafael Bridge (also officially named the John F. McCarthy Memorial Bridge) is the northernmost of the east–west crossings of the San Francisco Bay in California, USA. Officially named after California State Senator John F. McCarthy, it bridges Interstate 580 from Richmond on the east to San Rafael on the west. It opened in 1956, replacing ferry service by the Richmond–San Rafael Ferry Company. Proposals for a bridge were advanced in the 1920s, preceding the completion of the Golden Gate Bridge. In 1927
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The General in His Labyrinth


General Rafael Urdaneta has taken over the government in Bogotá, and there are reports of demonstrations and riots in support of a return to power by Bolívar. The General's group travel to the town of Soledad, where he stays for more than a month, his health declining further. In Soledad, the General agrees to see a physician for the first time. The General never leaves South America. He finishes his journey in Santa Marta, too weak to continue and with only his doctor and his closest aides by his side
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The General in His Labyrinth


the town, he receives a visit from General Mariano Montilla and a few other friends. The deterioration of his health becomes increasingly evident—one of his visitors describes his face as that of a dead man. In Turbaco, the General is joined by General Daniel Florencio O'Leary and receives news of ongoing political machinations: Joaquín Mosquera, appointed successor as President of Gran Colombia, has assumed power but his legitimacy is still contested by General Rafael Urdaneta. The General recalls that his "dream began to fall apart on the very day
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Interstate 580 (California)


the Hoffman Split, I-580 leaves the Eastshore Freeway in a northwesterly direction through the cities of Albany and Richmond. It then crosses San Francisco Bay over the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge. The freeway in this section, officially named the John T. Knox Freeway, was constructed from 1987 to 1991. It replaced a number of city streets which comprised the earlier highway leading to the San Rafael Bridge, principally, Hoffman and Cutting Boulevards. After crossing the bridge, I-580 runs west to San Rafael, ending at an interchange with US
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Rafael Urdaneta


in Santa Fe, acquiring experience in the administration of military affairs. On July 20, 1810, a junta was formed in Santa Fe: one of the many independence movements that were beginning to take shape across the entire continent following the establishment of the Caracas Junta in April of that year; Urdaneta joined the movement. He was incorporated into the first battalion of the patriot army of New Granada on November 1, 1810, as a lieutenant, and the following year fought in the "Campaña del Sur" of New Granada
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Rafael Urdaneta


José Félix Ribas on July 2, 1813, in the , and was decisive for the patriot victory at the against the royalist forces of Colonel Julián Izquierdo. Following the patriot victory and the establishment of the Second Republic of Venezuela, in the report before the New Granada Congress at Tunja, Bolívar described Urdaneta as: ""worthy of recommendation and deserving of all esteem from the government for the valor and intelligence with which he distinguished himself in action."" From that moment on he led numerous military actions, among which
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San Mateo–Hayward Bridge


William Stephen Allen was retained as an architectural consultant, although the bridge was designed by the Bay Toll Crossings Division (under Chief Engineer Norman C. Raab) of the California Department of Public Works. Chuck Seim, one of the design engineers working for Bay Toll Crossings, would later credit Allan Temko's criticism of Raab's economical truss design for the Richmond–San Rafael crossing for generating sufficient public pressure to drive the single-deck design. Temko's article quoted Tung-Yen Lin as being against a repeat of the Richmond
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Rafael Urdaneta


He was a son of the marriage between Miguel Jerónimo de Urdaneta y Troconis and María Alejandrina de Farías. He began his elementary education in Maracaibo, and his secondary education in Caracas. Prior to the independence war, he was a student of Latin and philosophy. He married Dolores Vargas París, a young and renowned heroine of the city of Santa Fe, in Santa Fe, Gran Colombia, on August 31, 1822. Before Gran Colombia was dissolved in 1831, the marriage had enjoyed much popularity. However, following the
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Rafael Urdaneta


him to death. Bolívar was afraid for the stability of the union between New Granada and Venezuela, so he forced Santander to lifelong exile instead. However, conflicts such as this one, in addition to the assassination of Antonio José de Sucre in 1830, ultimately led to the collapse of Gran Colombia and; therefore, the union for which Bolívar had sacrificed so much to maintain since independence was achieved. Throughout his life, Urdaneta also served as Chief of Army Staff and as Minister of War and Navy. Bolívar called him
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Urdaneta, Pangasinan


8, 1858, the Parish as Vicariate, was accepted by the Dominicans in 1863, under Kura Paroko Padre Nicolas Manrique Alonzo. Fr. Rafael Cano built the old church on March 4, 1884: 77.10 meters long and 23.30 meters wide with 3 naves. It was destroyed by the American bombings in January 1945. Diocesan Officials of the Ordinary of Urdaneta Diocese are led by Bishop Jacinto Agcaoili Jose, JCL, DD (born on Oct. 29, 1950 in Mangato, Laoag City; ordained on June 29, 1975;
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James Towers English


of pay and conditions in South America, he succeeded in recruiting between 1,000 and 2,000 mercenaries, who sailed during the following months. English returned to Venezuela and landed on Margarita Island in mid-April, 1819 where he was confirmed in the rank of Brigadier General and was given command of all the foreign mercenaries, as subordinate to Venezuelan General Rafael Urdaneta. In July 1819 he participated in storming the fortress of El Morro, which guarded the city Barcelona. His troops looted the city, drank all the alcohol they could find
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José María Obando


General of the Department of Cauca. Bolívar's actions had angered more than just Obando, the level of opposition was such that he resigned in 1830 after surviving an assassination attempt by his political enemies in the north. The political vacuum and struggle for power left by his resignation led to a coup d'état against the acting President Domingo Caycedo on September 5, 1830 by Venezuelan General Rafael Urdaneta. This new encroachment to the constitution spurred Obando to take action against the government once again, this time in defence of the government left by
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Francisco Narváez


his works "Café y Frutas" (now in the Andrés Bello Lyceum) and "Perlas y Cacao" (now in the Fermín Toro Lyceum). In 1952, he completed an equestrian statue of General Rafael Urdaneta which is now on display in the Plaza La Candelaria. Later, he collaborated with Villanueva to create several pieces for the University City of Caracas, which was conceived as a "synthesis of the Arts". "Education", "Science", "The Athlete" and the bust of José María
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Rafael Urdaneta


""El Brillante" ("The Brilliant""), for his remarkable sense of strategy in battle; a name now used to refer to him in Venezuelan historiography. He is considered to have been "the most loyal of loyals to Bolívar". His loyalty to the patriotic cause and the ideals of Bolívar was perpetuated in the words he once said to him: In 1830, the rising animosity between New Granadians and Venezuelans reached a boiling point. At the time, the Venezuelan battalion Callao, loyal to General
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Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway


before entering Pangasinan, at the municipality of Rosales. The Pangasinan segment of TPLEX starts at the municipality of Rosales. The expressway the crosses through a viaduct over the Agno River. The road then enters Urdaneta, which is served by a single interchange that connects with MacArthur Highway. The Urdaneta exit served as the expressway's northern terminus until the extension to Binalonan opened. Past Urdaneta Exit, TPLEX crosses above the Manila North Road, then passes over Binalonan, and ends at a partially opened trumpet interchange with Manila North Road in
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Mariano Montilla


to divisional general. The following year he returned to Cartagena de Indias, where he served as commander of the department of Magdalena. In 1828 he was appointed leader of department of the Isthmus (Panama) and Magdalena. In 1830 he was involved in a movement that supported Rafael Urdaneta as president of Gran Colombia. As a result, in January 1832, the Ministry of War and Navy of New Granada passed a decree deemed him a traitor to the fatherland and expelled him from New Granada. However, in January 1833,
19691172
Constitutional history of Colombia


(also called "the Admirable Congress"); his health was starting to fail. The Inhabitants of Quito, knowing that Venezuela had separated and that Bolivar was retired, decided to separate as well. Thus The Gran Colombia vanished after 11 years of existence. The displeasure of military and liberal groups was accentuated and General Rafael Urdaneta's dictatorship ensued. Finally in December 1830 Simón Bolivar "the liberator" died. Trying to avoid the separation of Ecuador and Venezuela, the Admirable Congress (named thus due to the highly regarded
58445
Coro, Venezuela


Spanish Empire to land on its coasts the troops that end up destroying the First Republic of Venezuela. In 1821, finally the Coro Province incorporates to the process of independence, with the capture of the city by the troops led by the heroine Josefa Camejo and a group of patriots who came a long time plotting. By the time the General Rafael Urdaneta invades from Maracaibo commanding the Grancolombian army, and the city had been released a few days earlier for the Coro army commanded by Camejo. The War of Independence and later the
600929
Barranquilla


towns of the Colombian interior, as well as with international merchants, and it became a principal port for the export of coffee. With the establishment of the new nation of the Republic of New Granada in 1831, two revolutions began in Barranquilla. One was led by Policarpo Martínez, Antonio Pantoja, Lorenzo Hernández, Crispín Luque, Esteban Márquez y Santos de la Hoz against the dictatorship of Rafael Urdaneta. The second was led by General Ignacio Luque, who had crushed the first revolution. In 1840, merchants and commercial carriers
7662955
Venezuelan Marine Corps


reformed at Puerto Cabello on 1 July 1938 when a company was formed to provide ships detachments. A second company was formed on 8 December 1939 and a third in 1943. They were then merged into the 1st Marine Battalion (Battalion de Infanteria de Marina -BIM) "Simon Bolivar", headquartered at Puerto Cabello, on 11 December 1945. This date is looked upon as the official anniversary of the marines. In February 1946 a second BIM "General Rafael Urdaneta" was raised at Puerto Cabello and the original BIM became the
10632966
Military career of Simón Bolívar


(one of the eight deputies of the Congress) and Simón Bolívar as the new triumvirate. To replace in an interim manner the two who were not present, the Congress chose Francisco Antonio Zea and Canon Cortés de Madariaga. It made Mariño general-in-chief of the republican forces and established La Asunción as the temporary capital of the Republic. It sent word to Bolívar to present himself as soon as military conditions permitted to take his place in the triumvirate. Less than a month later, Rafael Urdaneta and Antonio José
10759630
Eduardo López Bustamante


Eduardo López Bustamante was born in Maracaibo, Venezuela, on December 9, 1881. He was the eldest son of Eduardo López Rivas and Carmen Bustamante. His father was a journalist, publisher and editor of the newspaper Diario El Fonógrafo (The Phonograph Daily) and the magazine El Zulia ilustrado (The illustrated Zulia). He was also the owner of a Venezuelan publishing house, Imprenta Americana (American Press). His mother was the niece of pioneer Venezuelan physician Francisco Eugenio Bustamante and a descendant of General Rafael Urdaneta. He
13365482
Carlos López Bustamante


physician Francisco Eugenio Bustamante and a descendant of General Rafael Urdaneta. Doña Carmen died when Carlos was only a child. López Bustamante’s adolescence and youth were spent in the shadow of his father, a Venezuelan intellectual, who was in charge of embedding in his children a love for culture, knowledge and freedom. From his early youth López Bustamante began working in the family business, "Imprenta Americana" (The American Press), owned by Eduardo López Rivas. There he received training and professional ethics, actively participating in the
16489209
Gran Colombia


so. As the collapse of the country became evident in 1830, Bolívar resigned from the presidency. Internal political strife between the different regions intensified even as General Rafael Urdaneta temporarily took power in Bogotá, attempting to use his authority to ostensibly restore order, but actually hoping to convince Bolívar to return to the presidency and the country to accept him. The federation finally dissolved in the closing months of 1830 and was formally abolished in 1831. Venezuela, Ecuador and New Granada came to exist as independent states. The dissolution of Gran
19031079
Teresa López Bustamante


Teresa López Bustamante (1888 – 1942) was a Venezuelan journalist, founder of the catholic Venezuelan newspaper "La Columna" (The Column). Teresa López Bustamante was born in Maracaibo, Venezuela, on October 24, 1888. Her father was journalist and editor Eduardo López Rivas, owner of the Venezuelan newspaper Diario El Fonógrafo (The Phonograph Daily) and the publishing house Imprenta Americana (American Press). Her mother was the niece of Venezuelan pioneer physician Francisco Eugenio Bustamante and a descendant of General Rafael Urdaneta. She started
21758588
Diego Bautista Urbaneja Municipality


caused the town to be abandoned one year later by the Spaniards. The current town of Lechería made its prominence after the Spanish Crown ordered the construction of the Fortín de la Magdalena fort in order to prevent pirate attacks on sailors that took the Barcelona-Cumaná route (the fort was completed in 1799 and is located on the Cerro el Morro). Later, in 1817 during the Venezuelan War of Independence, Simón Bolívar briefly occupied the fort and then, in 1819, the fort was captured by General Rafael Urdaneta and his
7625108
Andrés de Urdaneta


Urdaneta's route". He was considered as "protector of the Indians" for his treatment of the Filipino natives; also the first prelate of Cebu and the Philippines in general. Urdaneta was born in the town of Ordizia, Spain. Urdaneta was one of the few survivors of the Loaísa Expedition to reach the Spice Islands late in the year 1526, only to be taken prisoner by the Portuguese. Urdaneta spent the next eight and a half years in and around the Spice Islands, but eventually he managed to return to
12006984
Corindi Beach, New South Wales


parents in Corindi. Corindi Creek Bridge Location decided for bridge over Redbank River 1886. Bridge location discussion. Bridge underconstruction May 1888. The bridge is completed by Mr Taylor in Sep 1888. Crossing of Corindi Creek location selection 1899. A preferred location at Cohen's 1899. Site for a bridge surveyed in 1910. The current concrete bridge on Coral Street was construction in 2006 after the timber bridge was condemned. Roads 1887 Tenders requested for road from Moonee Creek-Woolgoolga-Corindi. 1936 Pacific Highway to Pipeclay Beach Reserve emergency
20432543
Northrop F-5


. In 1972, after all the aircraft were delivered, the F-86s, Venoms, and Vampires were finally scrapped. The F-5 became the first military plane in Venezuela capable of flying at supersonic speeds. After a legal dispute between Canadair and Northrop, two more CF-5Ds were built and delivered to Venezuela in 1974. Their first base of operations was the General Rafael Urdaneta Air Base in Maracaibo. After 1974, the fleet was relocated to Teniente Vicente Landaeta Gil Air Base in Barquisimeto. In 1979, after several upgrades to the fleet
10949452
National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela


on small colonial militia companies, which initially only accepted whites. Gradually, this racist policy yielded and the entry of mixed-race people was allowed in the militias. It was from these various units that the bulk of the officers who fought in the battles of the Venezuelan War of Independence emerged. Among them were Generalissimo Francisco de Miranda, Simón Bolívar (Bolívar's own father had been Colonel of the Militia of Aragua), General in chief Santiago Mariño, Rafael Urdaneta, among many other heroes. With the establishment of
14116531
Dolores Vargas París


Dolores Vargas París, in full María Magdalena Dolores Vargas de París y Ricaurte (1800 – 1878). Young heroine of the independence of Gran Colombia, and wife of General Rafael Urdaneta, first lady of the republic between 1830 and 1831, born in Santa Fe in the year 1800. She was one of the daughters of the marriage between Ignacio de Vargas Tavera and María Ignacia París Ricaurte. With just 15 years of age, Dolores lost her mother, who died on October 7, 1815, while giving birth to a
1928623
Guides Infantry


crossed the Rohi Nullah on foot and entered the enemy territory on night 6/7 Sep 1965 and established a bridge head for the armoured division. After the launching of the division, the battalion was put under 21 Bde which was part of 11th Infantry Division. On 12 September the Guides Infantry and 5 Frontier Force captured the Indian town of Khem Karan. The battalion advanced up to Bhura Khana a small village in the north of the Khem Karan. On 17 Sep 1965 it was ordered to come back and take defence positions in front
15020255
Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez


wishes of a dying man), and elected Urdaneta as interim president. Thus, Urdaneta took the oath of President, before a joint session of Congress, on November 5, 1951. By June 1953, President Laureano Gómez had recovered and was feeling better, and decided to regain control of the presidency. Before he did so, Gómez requested Urdaneta to remove General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla from his post as Chief of Staff of the Army. When Urdaneta failed to do so, Gómez showed up at the ""Palacio de
19318748
Armoured vehicle-launched bridge


current main battle tank chassis. An example of a modern main battle tank (MBT) chassis being converted to a bridgelayer is the creation of the M104 Wolverine Armored Bridgelayer. Based on a modified M1A2 SEP MBT chassis, the Wolverine replaces the MBT turret with a bridge fitted atop the chassis. The bridge atop the M104 Wolverine measures 26m in length, and taking just 4 minutes to place across an obstacle securely. The bridge is built to be able to withstand countless crossings of vehicles as heavy as the M1A2 Abrams,
19862372
Battle of Carabobo (1814)


grandmother who was sick with tuberculosis. The battle could have been decisive for Venezuelan independence, but Bolívar, instead of moving to Guárico against Cajigal to end the rebellion of the llaneros with his entire army, which would have been the most sensible decision, opted to divide them. He ordered General Rafael Urdaneta to march to the West with 700 infantrymen. He sent a division of 400 infantry and 700 cavalry after Cajigal and Ceballos to prevent them from supporting Boves. He decided to go to Valencia, José Félix Ribas was sent
14080669
San Manuel, Pangasinan


interesting points: It is Asia's tallest dam and largest private hydropower project, costing US$1.19 billion and generating 345 MW of power. The 1687 St. Bartholomew Parish Church (Rizal, San Manuel, 2438 Central Pangasinan) is under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lingayen-Dagupan, Roman Catholic Diocese of Urdaneta. Its Feast Day is August 24, with Parish Priest, Father Diomedes S. Laguerta, Guest Priest, Father Rafael T. Cruz and Vicar Forane, Father Elpidio F. Silva Jr. (16°3'55"N 120°
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Eduardo López Rivas


to do something for freedom. This fact led him to start his career as a journalist, inspired by the ideas he had acquired in France. He married Carmen Bustamante, niece of pioneer Venezuelan physician Francisco Eugenio Bustamante and a descendant of General Rafael Urdaneta. The couple had six children, among them journalists Eduardo López Bustamante, Carlos López Bustamante and Teresa López Bustamante. Some years after his wife died, he married Carmen López Castro. They had two children. He died at age 63 in Maracaibo, Venezuela, on July
4517680
Divine Word College of Urdaneta


Gil T. Manalo, SVD who is now in Divine Word College of Bangued in Abra, also serves today as president of that institution. On the seal of the DWCU, the fortress or castle stands for the town of Urdaneta where the college is. According to history, Fray Andres Urdaneta, after whom the town is named, had a fortress in his coat-of-arms or seal. The orb surmounted by a cross represents the Society of the Divine Word, a missionary organization, whose members run the college.
19947604
1832 Colombian presidential election


Indirect presidential elections were held in the Republic of New Granada on 9 March 1932. Francisco de Paula Santander was elected president, whilst José Ignacio de Márquez was elected vice president. Joaquín Mosquera was elected President in May 1830, but was forced out of office on 4 September that year under pressure from the military. General Rafael Urdaneta was appointed interim president the following day whilst a response from former President Simón Bolívar on whether he would return to the Presidency was awaited. However, he refused to accept the post, and gave
6958357
Maracaibo


del Zulia" (LUZ) is well renowned for its excellent law, medical and engineering schools as many other disciplines. Other universities and schools include Universidad Dr. Rafael Belloso Chacín (URBE) and Universidad Rafael Urdaneta, with one of the country's leading psychology schools. The Diocese of Maracaibo (23 July 1965) was elevated to Archdiocese on 30 April 1966 by Pope Paulus VI. Maracaibo was visited by Pope John Paul II in 1985. Since November 2000, its Archbishop has been Ubaldo Ramón Santana Sequera. François de Pons
13788442
Rafael Suárez (composer)


, orchestral conducting, counterpoint, and fugue at the Academia di Santa Cecilia in Rome, Italy. He was designated as conductor of the Experimental Orchestra of the Academia di Santa Cecilia, and the "Ente Stanislao" Orchestra of Termi (Italy). Returning to Venezuela, Suárez focused in choral conduction. He founded a number of choirs, including Orfeón de la Juventud Católica de la Parroquia Santa Teresa, Coral del Cuartel “Rafael Urdaneta”, Coral del Colegio de Abogados del Distrito Federal, Coral del Centro de Profesionales del
2930088
Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez


that he had. General Rojas Pinilla pleaded with Urdaneta's wife, Clemencia Holguín, to try to persuade her husband to accept the Generals’ request. Urdaneta replied once again: ""I am most grateful and moved by the Army's high command demonstration of trust and loyalty, but since this morning I am no longer the President, because Gómez has retaken his office. In order for me to accept your offer, President Gómez must resign again to his office"". General Rojas Pinilla had already ordered the mobilization
19318751
California Toll Bridge Authority


On November 7, 1952, the Authority authorized the issuance of the first bonds for the construction of the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. On June 16, 1955, the Authority authorized the issuance of bonds for the construction of the Benicia-Martinez Bridge and a second Carquinez Bridge. On November 18, 1963, by state legislation, the Division of San Francisco Bay Toll Crossings was re-named the "Division of Bay Toll Crossings", and established as a statutory unit of the State Department of Public Works. In
10944012
1830 Colombian presidential election


Indirect presidential elections were held in Gran Colombia on 4 May 1830 following the resignation of incumbent President Simón Bolívar. Joaquín Mosquera was elected President, whilst Domingo Caycedo was elected Vice President. Suffering from ill-health, President Bolívar resigned in January 1830 during a Constitutional Convention. He named Domingo Caycedo as his successor until a Congressional vote in May. Mosquera and Caycedo were forced out of office on 4 September under pressure from the military. General Rafael Urdaneta was appointed interim president the following day whilst a response from Bolívar on whether he
6893217
Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez


Nariño"" (the presidents' palace), early in the morning of June 13, 1953, and proclaimed to be retaking his office as President. Immediately after his announcement, Laureano Gómez left the ""Palacio de Nariño"". Urdaneta remained in the president's office. Within hours, that same afternoon, General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, accompanied by other Generals of the Army's high command, presented himself before Urdaneta and stated: ""In the name of the Army's high command, I have the
19318749
Urdaneta Philippines Temple


The Urdaneta Philippines Temple is a planned temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) to be constructed in Urdaneta City, Pangasinan, Philippines. On 2 October 2010, during opening remarks at the Saturday morning session of the LDS Church's 180th Semiannual General Conference, church president Thomas S. Monson announced the construction of a temple in Urdaneta City, Philippines. The temple will be located approximately 100 miles north of Metro Manila on Luzon, the largest and most populated island in the Philippines. The
807424
Urdaneta, Pangasinan


M.S.C.† (April 22, 1985-May 5, 1990). Other Diocesan Officials hold office at the Bishop's Residence and Chancery of Obispado de Urdaneta Building, Dr. Jose Aruego Street, Urdaneta City, 2428 Pangasinan, Philippines. The Vicar General is Msgr. Lazaro P. Hortaleza and Chancellor, Father Teofilo L. Calicdan. The Aglipay Central Theological Seminary (ACTS) in Urdaneta City, Pangasinan is the regional seminary of the church dedicated to serve the North-Central and South-Central Luzon Dioceses. ACTS offers a Bachelor of Theology and
4008665
Rafael Díaz de Cabrera


Rafael Díaz de Cabrera (1565 - 30 Sep 1630) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Mondoñedo (1618–1630). Rafael Díaz de Cabrera was born in La Coronada, Spain and ordained a priest in the Order of the Most Holy Trinity. On 6 Aug 1618, he was selected by the King of Spain and confirmed by Pope Paul V as Bishop of Mondoñedo. On 30 Dec 1618, he was consecrated by Fernando Acevedo González, Archbishop of Burgos with Juan Zapata Osorio, Bishop of Zamora, and
19294704
Hämeensilta


of the Tavastia province. The first known bridge crossing the Tammerkoski was built in the 16th century as the area was a part of the Messukylä socken. As the town of Tampere was established in 1779, the wooden bridge was finally replaced with a steel structured in 1884. During the early 1900s, Tampere was rapidly growing and the present Hämeensilta was built in 1928–1929. The 1900 completed Satakunnansilta is the other large bridge crossing Tammerkoski in the Tampere city center. The tall bronze statues were donated by the local businessman Rafael Haarla and
17164886
Scaleup company


Growth', an independent report that presents results from other nations that have changed their economic policy towards scaleups and recommends actions the UK needs to take to ensure is the leading economy in the world for generations to come. Alberto Onetti: Chairman – Mind The Bridge Foundation (MTB) that leads Startup Europe Partnership (SEP); SEP Coordinator at MTB. Professor of Entrepreneurship at Insubria University and serial entrepreneur. He is a scaleup advocate. Alberto Onetti Linkedin Alberto Onetti crunchbase Brad Feld: A noted American entrepreneur, author,
21231079
National Unity Bridge


The National Unity Bridge ("Puente de la Unidad Nacional") is a bridge complex in northeastern Guayaquil, Ecuador with a length of . The National Unity Bridge crosses the Daule River and Babahoyo River, which combine to form the Guayas River immediately downstream. The bridge complex consists of four individual bridges: two parallel bridges across the Daule River (the Rafael Mendoza Avilés Bridge and the Carlos Pérez Peraso Bridge) and two parallel bridges across the Babahoyo River, along with a road in , Samborondón that links each set of bridges
13347273
Rafael de Sobremonte, 3rd Marquis of Sobremonte


the burning of the Gálvez bridge (located on the site of today's Pueyrredón Bridge). He moved his troops to the west, believing the British would cross upriver, where he could attack them. The British captured the river-crossing boats, crossing to the north side. The defense failed there on their first attempt, and the viceroy gave incoherent orders which added to the chaos and confusion. Sobremonte left the city and decided to move to Córdoba, some away. Since the time of Vértiz there was a regulation
3065868
La Loma Bridge


the first several years of their existence, the two bridges were the only crossings of the Arroyo Seco in Pasadena. The La Loma Bridge played a significant role in the development of Pasadena west of the Arroyo, particularly in the San Rafael Heights area, which Pasadena annexed at the same time it constructed the bridge. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 14, 2004. The bridge was closed for renovation in July 2015, and reopened on June 24, 2017 with a dedication to former California
17786513
Women in philosophy


sociology Kieran Healy stated that "out of all recent citations in four prestigious philosophy journals, female authors comprise just 3.6 percent of the total." The editors of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy have raised concerns about the underrepresentation of women philosophers; as such, the encyclopedia “encourage[s] [their] authors, subject editors, and referees to help ensure that SEP entries do not overlook the work of women or indeed of members of underrepresented groups more generally.” In 2014, philosophy professors Neven Sesardic and Rafael De Clercq published
2063017
Pedro Carujo


commander and was selected by Simon Bolivar to chair the Military Academy that was founded in Bogotá. In spite of this, he joined the opponents of President Simón Bolívar, who perpetrated the attacks of September 25, 1828 against the Liberator's life. He was sentenced to death but was saved thanks to a pardon granted by the Council of Ministers, with intervention from Rafael Urdaneta. He was locked in a prison in Bogota, and was then imprisoned in the Boca Chica Castle, Cartagena. In March 1829, he was transferred
16285993
Volta do mar


of Japan before they could safely cross. The discovery, upon which the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade was based was owing to the Spanish Andrés de Urdaneta, who, sailing in convoy under Miguel López de Legazpi, discovered the return route in 1565: the fleet split up, some heading south, but Urdaneta reasoned that the trade winds of the Pacific might move in a gyre as the Atlantic winds did. If in the Atlantic, ships made the "Volta do mar" to the west to pick up winds that would
16392771
Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez


charge to express to your Excellency that we are here to request that you continue acting as President of Colombia"". Urdaneta, astonished, responded: ""This morning I was removed from my post for not accepting an imposition, and now, I cannot retake it, as another imposition"". General Duarte Blum, on behalf of the high command, explained that it was not an imposition, but the honest desire of the Generals of the armed forces, whom did not have the administrative qualifications and experience
19318750