Dominion Astrophysical Observatory [SEP] date of official opening
[{"answer": "1918", "provenance": [{"wikipedia_id": "625695", "title": "Dominion Astrophysical Observatory", "start_paragraph_id": 1, "start_character": 0, "end_paragraph_id": 1, "end_character": 148, "bleu_score": 1.0, "meta": {}, "section": "Section::::Abstract."}]}]
Dominion Observatory


of Canada's national seismometer network. The facility did important work but with this bridgehead into the world of astronomy and the growth of the field of astrophysics Canadian astronomers quickly demanded a facility designed for the new scientific age. In 1917, the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory was opened in Victoria, B.C. and it supplanted the Dominion Observatory as Canada's foremost astronomical observatory. For many years the Dominion Observatory was best known to Canadians as the source of Canada's official time signal. The observatory continued in operation until 1970 at which time Canada
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Dominion Astrophysical Observatory


Universe with the National Research Council. The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Victoria Centre, which has a long association with the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory and public outreach dating back to 1914, holds free public "Star Parties" at the DAO on select summer Saturday evenings. These events include solar and nighttime viewing with RASC and DAO telescopes, presentations, lectures, and displays. The building that houses the telescope was built by McAlpine-Robertson Company of Vancouver for a price of $75,000. Both the building and dome, made
869471
Canadian Astronomical Society


interested people. Before World War II, there were few professional astronomers in Canada. There were two government-run, national observatories, the Dominion Observatory, which opened in 1905 in Ottawa, Ontario and the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, which opened in 1918 in Saanich, British Columbia. In addition, the University of Toronto's David Dunlap Observatory, which opened in 1935 in Richmond Hill, Ontario, housed the only significant university faculty and the only centre for graduate studies in astronomy in Canada. During this period, the most
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Dominion Astrophysical Observatory


the work of the observatory and its parent organization, the NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics. There were also tours of the telescope and programs in the planetarium and video theatre. The Centre was closed by the Federal Government in August 2013, claiming financial reasons as the cost. The Friends of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory Society (FDAO) was formed in 2015 with a goal of reinstating the programs terminated when the Centre of the Universe was closed. In May 2016, the FDAO signed a License to Occupy for the Centre of the
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Dominion Astrophysical Observatory


, 1918, 6 months after the 100-inch Hooker telescope (2.5 m) at Mount Wilson Observatory. The observatory has been designated a National Historic Site of Canada as it is a world-renowned facility where many discoveries about the nature of the Milky Way were made, and it was one of the world’s main astrophysical research centres until the 1960s. The Centre of the Universe was the public interpretive centre for the observatory that was regularly open to the public between May and September. The centre featured interactive exhibits about astronomy,
869469
Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics


The NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (NRC-HIA) is the leading Canadian centre for astronomy and astrophysics. Named for the Nobel laureate Gerhard Herzberg, it was formed in 1975 as part of the National Research Council of Canada in Ottawa, Ontario. The NRC-HIA headquarters were moved to Victoria, British Columbia, in 1995 to the site of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory. NRC-HIA also operates the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory outside of Penticton, BC and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as well as managing Canadian involvement in
2550116
Dominion Astrophysical Observatory


The Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, located on Observatory Hill, in Saanich, British Columbia, was completed in 1918 by the Canadian government. The Dominion Architect responsible for the building was Edgar Lewis Horwood. The main instrument is the 72 inch (1.83 meter) aperture Plaskett telescope, proposed and designed by John S. Plaskett in 1910 with the support of the International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research. It was planned to be the largest telescope in the world but delays meant it was completed and saw "first light" on May 6
869468
Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory


The Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory is a research facility founded in 1960 and located south-west of Okanagan Falls, British Columbia, Canada. The site houses four radio telescopes: an interferometric radio telescope, a 26-m single-dish antenna, a solar flux monitor, and the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) — as well as support engineering laboratories. The DRAO is operated by the Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics of the National Research Council of the Government of Canada. The observatory was named an IEEE Milestone for first radio astronomical
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Dominion Astrophysical Observatory


of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. Its Coude focus is used with a room sized spectrograph. In 1995, the observatory was made the headquarters of the NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, which operates several Canadian telescopes, both optical and radio. The NRC collaborates with international partners such as the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. The telescopes are in constant use today and are open for visitors year round. An interpretive centre called the Centre of the Universe was opened in 2002 but closed in 2013 due to budgetary reasons
869474
Helen Sawyer Hogg


in the brightness of the variable stars. At the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Hogg found 132 new variable stars in the globular cluster Messier 2. Hogg published this groundbreaking work in astronomical catalogues that are still used today. Notably, Hogg accomplished all of this as a volunteer assistant to her husband, as the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory would not offer her a job. In 1935 Hogg moved to the University of Toronto, after her husband had received a job offer to work at the David Dunlap Observatory. For her first year there,
14458458
Arthur Beer


a wife and a child [Peter Beer]. ...he can be reached via Dr. Freundlich, Potsdam Astrophysical Observatory. Beer carried out astrophysical research under F.J.M. Stratton at the Cambridge Solar Physics Observatory from 1934 to 1937. He was a seismologist at the Kew (meteorological-seismological) Observatory from 1941 to 1945. From 1946 until his retirement in 1967 he was senior assistant observer at Cambridge Observatories. He also traveled to work at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Canada, and to the U.S. as a visiting professor at Swarthmore College
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Dominion Astrophysical Observatory


time due to a flaw in the grinding. This added 2 years to the completion time of the telescope, pushing the date back to 1918. The completed mirror was hauled up Little Saanich Mountain by horse and wagon. Following completion, Plaskett remained the head of the observatory until 1935. A spectrograph is fitted to the Cassegrain focus and an imaging CCD is attached to the Newtonian focus. In 1962, a 48" optical telescope was added to the observatory. The telescope, ordered in 1957, was made by Grubb Parsons
869473
Robert Methven Petrie


Robert Methven Petrie (May 15, 1906 – April 8, 1966) was a Canadian astronomer. He was born in Scotland but emigrated to Canada at the age of five. He grew up in Victoria, British Columbia and studied physics and mathematics at the University of British Columbia. He began working summer jobs at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory and became fascinated with astronomy. He obtained his Ph.D. at the University of Michigan in 1932. He taught there until 1935, when he joined the staff of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory. In
10376923
Carlyle Smith Beals


PhD, Beals returned to Acadia University as an Assistant Professor of physics, but left one year later for an Assistant Astronomer position at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (DAO), Victoria, British Columbia. Beals worked at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory from 1927 until 1946, becoming Assistant Director of the DAO in 1940. At the DAO, he studied emission lines in the spectra of hot stars and gas clouds in the interstellar medium. His work established a reliable temperature scale for hotter stars, based on their spectra. He showed that
11167866
Miriam Burland


in Canada, in 1932, 1954, and 1962. From the mid-1950s, still the only woman astrophysicist on staff, she served as the observatory's education and information liaison, compiling reports, arranging public tours, and answering inquiries. She and Peter Millman coordinated a meteor observation program in Canada for the International Geophysical Year (1957-1958). In 1960, she was among the observatory's representatives at the opening of the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory in British Columbia. In the 1960s, she served on the National Committee
16191404
Natural scientific research in Canada


in an active programme of investigation and have access to cutting edge facilities including the CFHT and Gemini telescopes. The Dominion Astrophysical Observatory near Victoria and the two radio telescopes of the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory near Penticton are also used. Furthermore, department members have built several liquid mirror telescopes, the biggest being the 6 metre Large Zenith Telescope near Vancouver. The Origins Institute, founded in 2004 at McMaster University by Dr Ralph Pudritz, has initially focused its research on the structure of extra solar systems but has plans to expand its endeavours
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John Stanley Plaskett


was appointed to the staff at Dominion Observatory in Ottawa, Ontario. He measured radial velocities and studied spectroscopic binaries, and performed the first detailed analysis of galactic structure. His mechanical background was very useful for constructing various instruments. He became first director of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Victoria, British Columbia in 1917 (not to be confused with the old Dominion Observatory in Ottawa). His son, Harry Hemley Plaskett, also pursued a very successful career in astronomy, winning the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1963
6352366
Carlyle Smith Beals


self-recording micro-photometer and a high efficiency grating spectrograph. During World War II, Beals spent two-year researching defenses against chemical weapons and designed gas masks. In 1946, he left the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in British Columbia and began work at the Dominion Observatory in Ottawa, Ontario. He was appointed Dominion Astronomer one year later, and began to rebuild the observatory's scientific programme, which had suffered due to budget cuts during the great depression and a lack of staff during World War II. He also oversaw
11167868
Gravitational lens


and spectroscopy. The discovery and analysis of the IRC 0218 lens was published in the "Astrophysical Journal Letters" on June 23, 2014. Research published Sep 30, 2013 in the online edition of "Physical Review Letters", led by McGill University in Montreal, Québec, Canada, has discovered the B-modes, that are formed due to gravitational lensing effect, using National Science Foundation's South Pole Telescope and with help from the Herschel space observatory. This discovery would open the possibilities of testing the theories of how
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Harry Hemley Plaskett


a machinist in the Department of Physics at the University of Toronto, but who would later go on to become the first director of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Victoria, and a Gold Medal winner in his own right. After receiving his B.A. from Toronto in 1916, he joined the Canadian Corps, serving in the field artillery in France from 1917-1918. Following this, and a year spent working with Professor Alfred Fowler at Imperial College, he returned to Canada, and was appointed to the staff of the Dominion Astrophysical
17497705
Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory


Faculty of BSU has opened its branch in Shamakhi Astrophysics Observatory. Many employees had been elected members of the International Astronomical Union, the European Astronomical Society, and the Eurasian Astronomical Union. The Observatory is also a member of the International Astronautics Union. During the activity of the Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory, the observatory staff works together with the foreign astronomers on a number of actual issues. During the existence of the Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory, its staff published more than 2,500 articles in foreign and local journals.The solar physics and solar-
7494164
Ambrose Swasey


. Both the building and dome of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory were made by Warner and Swasey Co. Other observatory telescopes and components were built by the company at the Kenwood Observatory, Yerkes Observatory, Argentine National Observatory, the Swasey Observatory at Denison University, and the Case School of Applied Science Observatory. From 1904 until 1905 he was the president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Both Warner and Swasey were amateur astronomers. In 1920 they made a joint donation to the Case School of Applied Science to fund the construction of an
6697818
Christopher Aikman


northern Milky Way made with the 46-m radio telescope of the Algonquin Radio Observatory, including the emission nebula IC1795 . This revealed what is perhaps the youngest stellar object in the Galaxy, namely W3(OH), a cocoon star invisible at optical wavelengths but surrounded by a rapidly expanding ultracompact HII region, all within a dense obscuring dust shell. W3(OH) had previously been located in 1966 as the source of the first radio-identified astrophysical maser. In 1968 he joined the staff of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory as scientific assistant to the Director
1840449
Mount Kobau National Observatory


The Mount Kobau National Observatory (originally the Queen Elizabeth II Observatory) was a proposed astronomical observatory in southern British Columbia, Canada. In the early part of the 20th century, Canada was the home of the second and third largest astronomical telescopes in the world: the 1.88 m (74 inch) reflector at the David Dunlap Observatory in Richmond Hill, Ontario and the 1.82 m (72 inch) Plaskett telescope at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Saanich, British Columbia. However, by the early 1960s these telescopes had dropped to
4272532
Algonquin Radio Observatory


of the ARO were passed to the Center for Research in Earth and Space Technology (CRESTech). The multi-dish solar observatory was sold in the early 2000s, and the second solar observatory antenna was moved to the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory in British Columbia. The Observatory's main uses today are in very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiments mostly in geodesy, a primary global positioning system site, some use for satellite downlink, and other general experiments. Since 2007, the site has been operated by Thoth Technology Inc.
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Vibert Douglas


Vibert Douglas was an active member dating back to her Montreal years and became National President in 1943-44. It was largely due to Vibert Douglas' work that the Kingston Centre was formed in 1961, the 16th Centre of the Society. Collaborating with John Stuart Foster, she researched the spectra of A and B type stars and the Stark effect using the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory. In 1947 she became the first Canadian president of the International Astronomical Union and represented Canada during a UNESCO conference in Montevideo, Uruguay, seven years later
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Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory


the field of astrophysics. To this end, in 1976 by the special order of national leader Heydar Aliyev, at the Azerbaijan State University was founded the Department of Astrophysics. To date, this department plays an important role, in the preparation of qualified cadres. In 1981, by the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers, Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory was named after Nasreddin Tusi, the great astronomer of Azerbaijan. The Batabat Section of the SARS (1973) (Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic) and the Aghdara Astronomical Station (1997),
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Warner & Swasey Company


; Yerkes Observatory (according to the 50th-anniversary book, this was a 40-inch refracting telescope completed in time for display at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, although its installation at Yerkes was apparently in 1897); and Canada's Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (1916, 72-inch, reflecting). In 1919, the company's founders donated their private observatory in East Cleveland, Ohio to Case Western Reserve University. Today's Warner and Swasey Observatory grew from that facility. The company's 50th-anniversary book describes the firm
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David Dunlap Observatory


It was, however, only slightly larger than the one that had recently gone into service for the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in British Columbia, at . The observatory building itself started construction, and the eighty-ton sixty-one-foot (18.6 m) copper dome was built by Grubb and Parsons in 1932 and arrived in 1933. The administration building, a few hundred feet from the main observatory, also started construction and designed by Mathers & Haldenby Architects. The mirror blank (the two outermost inches (5 cm)
17504794
Roderick Oliver Redman


Roderick Oliver Redman FRS (1905–1975) was Professor of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge. Redman was born at Rodborough near Stroud, Gloucestershire and educated at Marling School and St John's College, Cambridge. He was director of the University of Cambridge Observatories 1947–72. He had started his career at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (DAO) in Victoria, British Columbia 1928–31. He moved to Cambridge University, UK and was Assistant Director at the Solar Physics Observatory 1931–37. he was then Chief Assistant at the Oxford University Radcliffe Observatory outside
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Nicholas Mayall


were proud of their ability to achieve important results with Lick's small Crossley reflector. Its diminutive size first became apparent in 1908, when Mount Wilson's telescope saw first light. This was accentuated by the opening of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in 1917, and Mount Wilson's even larger Hooker telescope in 1919. Mayall was adept at working with the small Crossley, but understood that it could never really stand up to a competing telescope that collected nine times the amount of light. This was only going to get worse when the
11268298
Arthur Covington


parabolic dish solar flux telescope was built in 1960, operating in parallel before taking over duties from the Goth Hill instrument in 1962. In 1964 an identical instrument was installed at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) in British Columbia. This was followed by a more powerful version of the waveguide instrument, this time focused by a series of thirty-two 10 ft (3 m) dishes arranged over a 700 ft (215 m) waveguide, which opened in 1966. The ARO was greatly expanded in 1966 with the
6631213
Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory


, which marks the start of the new year. Cooperation between Baku State University with Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory on April 6, 2017 by purpose of establishment of branch of Astrophysics chair of Baku State University at Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory and agreement was signed on establishing a branch of the Astrophysics department of BSU in the observatory. The document was signed by rector of Baku State University, academician Abel Maharramov and director of Shamakhi Astrophysics Observatory Namig Jalilov. According to the relevant contract, in October 2018, the Branch of the Astrophysics Department of Physics
7494163
Simeiz Observatory


first astrophysical department of Pulkovo observatory was officially opened at the south of Russia. Simeiz observatory is situated at the level of 360m above sea level at southern mountainside of the Crimean mountains, at Koshka mountain. A main building was restored after the Second World War on the basis of old building in modernized style with balconies decorated by columns. Research of interstellar space and star formation zones, discovery of star rotation, creation of stellar catalogues of radial velocities, study of chemical composition of stars and the Sun brought the world publicity
17664268
Space weather


are made by the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory at Penticton, B.C., Canada and reported once a day at local noon in solar flux units (10J·m). F10.7 is archived by the National Geophysical Data Center. Fundamental space weather monitoring data are provided by ground-based magnetometers and magnetic observatories. Magnetic storms were first discovered by ground-based measurement of occasional magnetic disturbance. Ground magnetometer data provide real-time situational awareness for post-event analysis. Magnetic observatories have been in continuous operations for decades to centuries, providing data
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Charles S. Hastings


the optical design of large telescopes including the reflector at Dominion Astrophysical Observatory and the photographic refractor at Allegheny Observatory. His optical designs enabled much progress in astronomy at U.S. observatories. The Hastings Triplet magnifying glass design is based on his optical formulae. He was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal in 1926. In 1878 Hastings married Elizabeth Tracy Smith and they remained together for more than fifty years, until Elizabeth died in 1930 after a long illness. After the death of his wife, Hastings himself declined rapidly and died in January 1932.
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Andrew McKellar


California, being awarded his M.S. in 1932 and a Ph.D. the following year. Applying to the United States National Research Council, he was awarded a post-doctoral study program for two years at MIT. In 1935 he joined the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, where he performed research into astrophysics. He was married to Mary Crouch (b. June 3, 1911, d. Nov. 30, 2000) in 1938, and the couple bore two children, Andrew Robert William (Bob) (b. March 28, 1945), and Mary
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Natural scientific research in Canada


features an interferometric radio telescope, a 26-m single-dish antenna and a solar flux monitor. In 1962 another optical telescope, a 48-inch reflector fitted with a Coude focus and a room sized spectrograph, was added to the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Victoria. The establishment in 1975, of the Herzberg Institute for Astrophysics by the National Research Council of Canada consolidated the work of Canadian astronomy at the institution and this new organization became the prime mover for the construction of the new Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, on Mount Mauna Kea
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Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory


automated and modernized. For aluminizing of astronomical mirrors surface, vacuum unit B-240 was restored in 2007. A special building was built and put into service. For the first time in the history of the SHAO in 2013, the process of aluminizing the mirrors was carried out by local experts. The existence of this unique device allows the Shamakhy Astrophysics Observatory not only to open its mirrors but also to regularly cover the aluminium layer in the mirrors of the regional observatories. Scientific research at the Observatory is based on two aspects Dynamics and
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Miriam Burland


, where she was also an avid ice hockey player. She trained as an astronomer at McGill, under Vibert Douglas. Burland joined the Astrophysics Division at the Dominion Observatory in 1927, and was the first woman on staff at the Observatory. In the 1930s she served in leadership positions at the Ottawa Centre of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada (RASC), including a term as president. She worked on photoelectric photometry of Cepheid variables, and later studied meteors. She was on three teams of scientists observing major solar eclipses
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Roberto Abraham


Roberto Abraham, FRSC (b. 12 Apr 1965, Manila, Philippines) is a Canadian astronomer and is Professor of Astronomy at the University of Toronto and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Educated at UBC (BSc) and Oxford (DPhil), Abraham did post-doctoral work at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge and the Royal Greenwich Observatory. Abraham's career has been notable for his contributions via non-parametric statistics to galaxy morphological classification, especially at high-redshift and early
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Peter Garnavich


from the University of Washington in 1991. He has been a co-author on over 900 papers, a first author on over 200 papers, and has an h-index of 69. After his time at MIT, he served as a research associate at the Space Telescope Science Institute from 1983-1985. Following completing his Ph.D. he was a postdoctoral fellow at Dominion Astrophysical Observatory from 1992–1995. Garnavich also was a fellow at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics from 1995–1999. At Harvard, he was a key member
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Arthur Williams McCurdy


Columbia. He was president of the British Columbia Natural History Society and contributed an article about Victoria to the "National Geographic Magazine". McCurdy helped establish the Victoria centre of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada and served as its vice-president; McCurdy lobbied for the establishment of the Dominion Dominion Astrophysical Observatory on Vancouver Island, for a brief time the site of the largest telescope in the world. In 1916, he ran for the Esquimalt seat in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia; although he was at first declared elected
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Royal Astronomical Society of Canada


preserve the darkness of the nighttime sky. Many Centres have observing equipment, libraries, and observing locations. For example, the Victoria Centre has telescopes and a large library of books and periodicals available to members in good standing. Additionally the Victoria Centre built and operates the "RASC Victoria Centre Observatory (RASC VCO)" which is located at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory. The Society has recently purchased a robotic telescope. The RASC publishes a number of books and periodicals, and issues awards to recognize accomplishments in astronomy and outreach activities
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Saint-Gobain


1908) and 100 inch (2.5 m) Hooker telescope (online 1917) at Mount Wilson Observatory (USA), and the Plaskett telescope (online in 1918) at Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (Canada). Saint-Gobain experienced significant success in the early 20th century. In 1918 the company expanded its manufacturing to bottles, jars, tableware and domestic glassware. In 1920, Saint-Gobain extended its businesses to fibreglass manufacture. Fibreglass was being used to create insulation, industrial textiles and building reinforcements. In 1937 the company
16400069
Algonquin 46m radio telescope


The Algonquin 46m radio telescope (ARO) is a radio telescope at the Algonquin Radio Observatory, Canada. This radio telescope is historically famous for taking part in the first successful very long baseline interferometry experiment in the 1960s, where it was experimentally arrayed with the 26-metre Telescope at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory near Penticton, British Columbia. In 1961, the site was selected by the National Research Council of Canada as suitable for the construction of a fully steerable antenna. By 1962, plans showed that the main instrument had grown
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Elsa van Dien


have access to its observatory. She was awarded a scholarship by Radcliffe College for September 1939, but due to the Second World War she could only commence her PhD there in September 1945, also with support of the American Association of University Women (AAUW). The title description of her thesis is: The Stark-effect of the higher Balmer lines in stars of spectral types A and B. Thesis - Radcliffe, 1947. After her PhD she initially stayed at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Victoria, Canada. In 1948 she
2144632
Algonquin Radio Observatory


the site was a new solar telescope, similar to Covington's original instrument, but slightly enlarged to 6 ft (1.8 m) which allowed it to better observe the entire solar disk. This instrument operated in parallel to the original at Goth Hill until 1962, when it took over these duties completely. A second telescope, identical to the one at ARO, was later installed at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) in Penticton, British Columbia as a backup. Another solar instrument patterned on a different Goth Hill device
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Arthur Covington


a single flux number, which was published in 1972. He also played a role in the construction of the Indian River Observatory, an amateur built 200 m interferometer. Covington remained director of the ARO until he retired in 1978. He died in 2001 in Kingston, Ontario, at the age of 88. One of the buildings at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory was named in his honour in 2003. He had many hobbies including a fondness for rare books, many of which have been donated to Queen's University in the
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Anne Barbara Underhill


a research scientist at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (DAO), in Victoria, where she worked until 1962. During this time she was a visiting professor at both Harvard and Princeton universities. While at Princeton she used their computing facilities to write software to model stellar atmospheres. At the DOA she encountered sexism from her male PhD colleagues who limited her responsibilities while giving more to less qualified male coworkers. In 1962 she unexpectedly received a letter of offer from the Utrecht University in the Netherlands for the position of full professor in astrophysics
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Edgar Lewis Horwood


; Horwood, Taylor & Horwood (1911–1912); E.L. Horwood (1918–1929); Horwood & Horwood (1929–1937). In 1891, Edgar Lewis Horwood designed the Britannia Nautical Club’s first clubhouse; the Club is celebrating is 125th anniversary in 2012. As Dominion Architect, his most important building was the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory and residence, Victoria, British Columbia, West Saanich Road (1915–16), which is a National Historic Site of Canada. Other buildings he designed include a drill hall in Calgary, Alberta in 1916–17,
18866924
Carlyle Smith Beals


the establishment of the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, near Penticton, British Columbia. While in Ottawa, he became interested in the geophysical activities of the observatory. He began a study of meteorite impact craters in the Canadian shield, searching for circular features in aerial photographs and organising drill core studies of the most promising targets. He retired in 1964, but continued his work on impact craters and published several works during his retirement. Beals was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1933. He was president of Academy
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Natural scientific research in Canada


during this period can be measured by the fact that 1075 doctorates in physics, almost a third of which were at the U of T, were awarded by 28 Canadian universities between 1974 and 1985. Radio astronomy became a prominent feature of post war astronomy in Canada with the construction of the Algonquin Radio Observatory in Algonquin Park, Ontario in 1959. This facility built under the direction of noted astronomer Dr. Arthur Covington, featured a large receiving dish. The Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory in Penticton, British Columbia, built shortly thereafter,
7279249
Indian Institute of Astrophysics


The Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), with its headquarters in Bangalore (Karnataka state), is a National Research Institute of India. IIA conducts research primarily in the areas of astronomy, astrophysics and related subjects. It is widely recognised as a leading research center for astrophysics in India. The institute has a network of laboratories and observatories in India, including Kodaikanal (the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory), Kavalur (the Vainu Bappu Observatory), Gauribidanur (the Gauribidanur Radio Observatory), Hanle (the Indian Astronomical Observatory)
12531413
Minor Planet Center


The Minor Planet Center (MPC) is the official worldwide organization in charge of collecting observational data for minor planets (such as asteroids and comets), calculating their orbits and publishing this information via the "Minor Planet Circulars". Under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), it operates at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, which is part of the Center for Astrophysics along with the Harvard College Observatory. The MPC runs a number of free online services for observers to assist them in observing minor planets and comets.
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Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam


and it was the main observational instrument of the astronomers of the GDR. In 1969 the four East-German astronomical institutes, Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam, Babelsberg Observatory, the Thuringian Sonneberg Observatory, and Karl Schwarzschild Observatory Tautenburg, were joined in the course of academy reform to the Central Institute of Astrophysics of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR. The solar observatory Einstein Tower and Observatory for Solar Radio Astronomy were affiliated later. One part of the scientific activities concerned cosmic magnetic fields and cosmic dynamos, phenomena of turbulence, magnetic and
14565621
IBM 704


at MIT, used the IBM 704 as a research tool to investigate the probabilities of winning while developing his blackjack gaming theory. He used FORTRAN to formulate the equations of his research model. The IBM 704 at the MIT Computation Center was used as the official tracker for the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Operation Moonwatch in the fall of 1957. IBM provided four staff scientists to aid Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory scientists and mathematicians in the calculation of satellite orbits: Dr. Giampiero Rossoni, Dr. John Greenstadt, Thomas Apple and Richard Hatch. The Los Alamos
799186
Indian Institute of Astrophysics


and equipment from the Madras Observatory to Kodaikanal and the observatory was founded on 1 April 1899. Later this Kodaikanal solar observatory become the foundation of modern Indian institute of Astrophysics. In 1968 a new field observatory was started at Kavalur for stellar spectroscopy and photometry. Expansion of activities and interests have led to the formation of the new optics, Electronics and data analysis centre at Bengaluru and the setting up at Gauri Bidanur of a large low frequency array for studies of galactic and extragalactic structure. In 1971, the former Astrophysical Observatory was
12531418
Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam


Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) is a German research institute. It is the successor of the Berlin Observatory founded in 1700 and of the Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam (AOP) founded in 1874. The latter was the world's first observatory to emphasize explicitly the research area of astrophysics. The AIP was founded in 1992, in a re-structuring following the German reunification. The AIP is privately funded and member of the Leibniz Association. It is located in Babelsberg in the state of Brandenburg, just west of Berlin,
14565601
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory


The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) is a research institute of the Smithsonian Institution headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where it is joined with the Harvard College Observatory (HCO) to form the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). The SAO was founded in 1890 by Samuel Pierpont Langley, the Smithsonian's third Secretary, primarily for studies of the sun. Langley is remembered today as an aeronautical pioneer, but he was trained as an astronomer and was the first American scientist to perceive "astrophysics" as a distinct
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Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory


Physics and Mathematics. In addition to astronomical observations in 1953-59, the future design of the observatory, the training of specialists in the field of astronomy, telescope and equipment supply, and the structure of the observatory was undertaken. In 1957 the first telescope was installed at the Pirgulu Astronomical Station (Chromosphere-Photosphere Solar Telescope). In 1959 the issue of studying the Astro-cyclicity of the area was solved by launching a 200-mm photoelectric telescope. Construction of the observatory began in 1958 in then Azerbaijan SSR and officially
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Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory


closely involved in organizing events. The library plays an important role in the field of astrophysics and astronomy, as well as publishing of publications and electronic editions. The Shamakhi observatory has made a significant contribution to extensive Soviet and post-Soviet scientific programmes in astrophysics and fundamental astronomy. The observatory works on three main scientific trends: the physics of stars, investigation of solar system bodies and solar physics and solar-terrestrial relations. Current investigations also include the effects of space weather, the history of astronomy, theoretical astrophysics, cosmology
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Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory


opened on January 13, 1960 . The observatory was created on the initiative of prominent Azerbaijani scientists Hasan Aliyev and Yusif Mammadaliyev. Yusif Mammadaliyev, the prominent Azerbaijani scientist, played a great role in the foundation of the observatory. In 1991, the observatory was given the name of Nasiraddin Tusi, a mathematician, physicist and astronomer of the Middle Ages. A settlement for the habitation of employees was established under the observatory and was named after Yusif Mammadaliyev (Pirgulu). In September 2008, the observatory went through capital repair,
7494131
Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory


Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory (GENAO) currently renamed again as Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory was founded in 1932 by Academician Eugene Kharadze on Mount Kanobili, near resort Abastumani (in Samtskhe-Javakheti, southeastern part of Georgia). Altitude of Mt. Kanobili varies between 1650–1700 m above sea level. The observatory is located ~250 km from Tbilisi, capital of Georgia; being distant from the air pollution and sky illumination together with excellent natural conditions (hilly landscape covered with coniferous forest) makes this place being among the best observatories at the same altitude
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Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory


the exhibition hall, museum, conference and lecture halls, six buildings for telescopes, including the building housing the main two-metre telescope and main administrative building were overhauled, and a canteen and cottages built. The first director of Shamakhy Astrophysics Observatory was academician Hajibey Sultanov (1960–1981). The academy has great merits in the establishment and development of the observatory. Astrophysical observations were organized intensively, at the Shamakhy Observatory in 1960–1980. In those years, in the country, great attention was paid to the preparation of cadres in
7494132
Assy-Turgen Observatory


The Assy-Turgan Observatory (ATO) is an astronomical observatory located in the Assy-Turgen region not far from Almaty, Kazakhstan, within a national park. The nearest city is Esik. The observatory is operated by the Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute. The observatory, referred to as the Assy-Turgen Observatory, the Assy Observatory, and the Assy-Turgen Astrophysical Observatory, is located at 43.2256721,77.871743, at an altitude of above sea level, east of Almaty. Completed in 1991, it features a 1.5 m telescope on top
10944333
Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams


the Østervold Observatory at Copenhagen, Denmark, to be operated there by the Copenhagen University Observatory. In 1922, the IAU made the Central Bureau its official "Bureau Central des Télégrammes Astronomiques" (French for Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams), and it remained in Copenhagen until 1965, when it moved to the Harvard College Observatory, to be operated there by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. It has remained in Cambridge, Massachusetts to this day. The HCO had maintained a western-hemisphere Central Bureau from 1883 until the IAU's
17827507
John J. Kavelaars


Kingston, Ontario. He is currently an astronomer at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Victoria, B.C. In the course of his work, he has been responsible for the discovery of eleven satellites (moons) of Saturn, eight of Uranus, and four of Neptune, and a hundred or so minor planets. Kavelaars is the Coordinator of the Canada–France Ecliptic Plane Survey which is part of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey "CFHTLS": a project dedicated to the discovery and tracking of objects in the outer
20036920
Hirsch Observatory


The Hirsch Observatory is an astronomical observatory at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in Troy, New York. It is located on the roof of the Jonsson-Rowland Science Center (seen below) and is used by members of the Rensselaer Astrophysical Society as well as astronomy students in laboratory exercises. It is frequently opened to the community for public viewing sessions. The observatory's main dome contains a 16" Cassegrain Reflector, with a CCD camera and fully computerized controls. The observatory also owns a variety of smaller scopes and a
5541462
Stull Observatory


. Telescopes at the observatory are regularly opened to the public. The observatory is also used for those pursuing a minor in astronomy or a concentration in astrophysics. The history of the Stull Observatory goes back to 1863, when the astronomer William A. Rogers ordered and donated a 9-inch refractor with the American optician Henry Fitz. Sometime in the 1920s, with astronomy having been neglected at the University, the observatory was torn down and the telescope mothballed. It was very nearly lost and destroyed during this period, but in the late 1950s
7300809
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory


The Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO, obs. code: 095) is located at Nauchnij research campus, near the Central Crimean city of Bakhchysarai, on the Crimean peninsula. CrAO is often called simply by its location and campus name, Crimea–Nauchnij, still ranks among the worldwide most prolific discovery sites for minor planets. CrAO has also been publishing the "Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory" since 1947, in English since 1977. The observatory facilities (IAU code 095) are located on territory of settlement of Nauchny
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Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory


the observatory in Kalbajar, Lachin, Shamakhy, Khizi and other regions of the republic. As a result of the investigations it was found out that the Pirgulu region of Shamakhy was the most suitable place for the creation of a scientific centre in this direction and in 1953, it was decided to build an observation base and later an observatory. The Center is part of the Astrophysics Department (1954), then the Astrophysics Sector of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (ASA) (1956), within the ASA Institute of
7494129
Saanich, British Columbia


of farm employees, as well as those of arriving settlers. The Municipality of Saanich was incorporated on March 1, 1906. The Dominion Astrophysical Observatory telescope was designed by Dr John Stanley Plaskett, astronomer with the Department of the Interior in Ottawa. The 72 inch (1.8 m) reflecting telescope was the largest of its kind in the world when it was built, though this was only the case for a few short months in 1918. The District of Saanich contains a long shoreline with sandy beaches located at a number of
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Christopher Aikman


Christopher Aikman (born 1943) is a Canadian astrophysicist who spent most of his career (from 1968 to 1997) at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (DAO) in Saanich, British Columbia, Canada. An early interest in astronomy led Aikman to join the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada Quebec Centre in 1958, at the age of 15. He received a B.Sc. from Bishop's University in 1965 and a M.Sc. from the University of Toronto in 1968. His thesis was based on microwave surveys of selected emission nebulae in the
1840448
Dominion Astrophysical Observatory


by Warner and Swasey Co, are double walled. The glass mirror, 73 inches in diameter and 12 inches (30 cm) thick, weighs approximately 4340 lb. (1970 kilograms) and was made by the Saint-Gobain company in their Charleroi glass works in Antwerp, Belgium and shipped only a week before the start of World War I. It was then ground in the United States at the John A. Brashear company in Pittsburgh. The mirror had to be reground twice, once due to a mysterious scratch and the second
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Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory


were established under the Observatory. The Baku Branch of the Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory plays an important role in the coordination of the observatory's activities and the establishment of mutual relations with other structures of ANAS. The Astronomy Museum also serves in the Observatory. The museum plays an important role in promoting the observatory and its astronomy as a whole. The museum plays an important role in promoting of the observatory and its astronomy as a whole. The crater was named “Nadir Ibrahimov” on Mars, in honour of the deceased employee of
7494134
Eastern Anatolia Observatory


Eastern Anatolia Observatory (, shortly DAG) is proposed ground-based astronomical observatory of Atatürk University in Erzurum, Turkey. The project to establish an observatory in Erzurum is conducted by the Astrophysics Research and Application Center of Atatürk University with the scientific and technical coordination of TÜBİTAK National Observatory and financial support of the Ministry of Development, Government of Erzurum Province, 40 universities and seven observatories in the region. It is the country's biggest project for astronomy, astrophysics and space science. The observatory will be built on a land of
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Jodrell Bank Observatory


Prof Ralph Spencer was Acting Director during 2009 and 2010. In October 2010, Prof. Albert Zijlstra became Director of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics. Professor Lucio Piccirillo was the Director of the Observatory from Oct 2010 to Oct 2011. Prof. Simon Garrington is the JBCA Associate Director for the Jodrell Bank Observatory. In 2016, Prof. Michael Garrett was appointed as the inaugural Sir Bernard Lovell chair of Astrophysics and Director of Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics. As Director JBCA, Prof. Garrett also has overall responsibility for Jodrell Bank Observatory. In
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Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics


The Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA) is a research institute which carries out a broad program of research in astronomy, astrophysics, earth and space sciences, and science education. The center's mission is to advance knowledge and understanding of the universe through research and education in astronomy and astrophysics. The center was founded in 1973 as a joint venture between the Smithsonian Institution and Harvard University. It consists of the Harvard College Observatory and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The center's main facility is located between Concord Avenue
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Dominion Observatory


offices. The telescope had been open for public viewing from 1905 until 1970. In 1974, the telescope was moved from the Dominion Observatory to the Helen Sawyer Hogg Observatory at the Canada Science and Technology Museum where it remains to this day. In the mid-1990s, the rumour within Natural Resources was that consideration was given to demolish the building to save money in a time of budgetary cutbacks. However, these plans did not come to fruition. As of 2008, the building is the home to the Office of Energy Efficiency,
17612985
Russell Ormond Redman


Russell Ormond Redman (born 1951) is a Canadian astronomer and a specialist in radio astronomy who worked on the staff of the National Research Council of Canada at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory until he retired in 2013. In 1966, just after 9th grade, he first volunteered for the DAO in Victoria, British Columbia. His initial publication was a list of nearest stars in the 1970 "Observer's Handbook", while he was still in high school. He received his Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology in 1982, and subsequently
10829420
Sean Dougherty


delivery of the WIDAR correlator to the Karl G. Janksy Very Large Array (JVLA). He also led an international consortium that designed the correlator (Central Signal Processor) of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) Phase 1 mid-frequency telescope (SKA1-Mid). Dougherty was elected ALMA director in July 2017 for a five year period, starting February 21, 2018. Dougherty was previously the director of the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO), the national facility for radio astronomy of Canada. DRAO is administrated by the NRC
11381865
Victoria, British Columbia


Church; the 1890 Metropolitan Methodist Church (now the Victoria Conservatory of Music), CFB Esquimalt navy base, in the adjacent municipality of Esquimalt, has a base museum dedicated to naval and military history, in the Naden part of the base. North of the city on the Saanich Peninsula are the marine biology Shaw Ocean Discovery Centre, Butchart Gardens, one of the biggest tourist and local resident attractions on Vancouver Island, as well as the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, part of the National Research Council of Canada, Victoria Butterfly Gardens
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Miriam Burland


Miriam Seymour Burland (1902 – April 1, 1996) was a Canadian astronomer. She was the first woman on staff at the Dominion Observatory, when she joined the Astrophysics Division in 1927. Miriam Seymour Burland was born in Montreal, the daughter of Benjamin Burland and Bertha Belasco Burland. Her mother was active in the social life of Saint-Lambert, as founder of the town's Tuesday Musical Club and the Christmas Tree League. Miriam Burland attended Longueuil High School in Montreal, and studied mathematics and physics at McGill University
16191402
Penticton (crater)


Penticton is an impact crater in the Hellas quadrangle of Mars, located at 38.35° south latitude and 263.35° west longitude. Penticton is on the eastern rim of the Hellas impact crater. It is 8 kilometers in diameter and was named after Penticton, a Town in British Columbia, Canada, nearby the little town of Okanagan Falls where is located the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory. Images with HiRISE show gullies which were once thought to be caused by flowing water. Penticton is famous with Mars geologists because evidence for recent flowing liquid
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William Edmund Harper


William Edmund Harper, March 20, 1878 – June 14, 1940, (age 62) was a Canadian astronomer. William Harper was born in Dobbington, Ontario. He attended high school in Owen Sound, then taught for three years following his graduation. When he had sufficient funds, in 1902 he entered the University of Toronto. He graduated in 1906 and became a member of the staff at the Dominion Observatory in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. He worked with the astrophysics staff, measuring the radial velocity of stars and
20734431
Joseph Algernon Pearce


PhD from the University of California, Berkeley in 1930. He joined the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Saanich, British Columbia and was appointed Assistant Director in 1935. From 1940 to 1951, he was Director. A Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, he served as its president from 1949 to 1950. He was president of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada and vice-president of the American Astronomical Society. In 1955, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree from the University of British Columbia. He is the
3973640
C Ursae Majoris


c Ursae Majoris is the Bayer designation for a double-lined spectroscopic binary star system in the northern constellation of Ursa Major. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.20, which indicates that is visible to the naked eye. Parallax measurements yield an estimated distance of 64.1 light years from the Sun. The star is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −14 km/s. The spectroscopic binary nature of this system was among the first 75 such discovered by the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in 1919. The pair
4582173
Saanich Peninsula


of the Washington State Ferries run through the San Juan Islands from Anacortes to Sidney. Another ferry on the west coast of the peninsula connects Brentwood Bay to Mill Bay Just north of Elk Lake is the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory. Butchart Gardens is located just south of the town of Brentwood Bay, which is also home to a long-established private school of the same name. The following municipalities are located on the peninsula. They are part of Greater Victoria and member municipalities of the Capital Regional District/(CRD): The Tsawout First Nation
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Impact crater


with the identification of coesite within suevite at Nördlinger Ries, proving its impact origin. Armed with the knowledge of shock-metamorphic features, Carlyle S. Beals and colleagues at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and Wolf von Engelhardt of the University of Tübingen in Germany began a methodical search for impact craters. By 1970, they had tentatively identified more than 50. Although their work was controversial, the American Apollo Moon landings, which were in progress at the time, provided supportive evidence by recognizing the rate
6482077
Catalogue of spectroscopic binary orbits


The catalogue of spectroscopic binary orbits (SB) is a compilation of orbital data for spectroscopic binary stars which have been produced since 1969 by Alan Henry Batten of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory and various collaborators. At the 24th International Astronomical Union general assembly, in 2000, a working group was established to take responsibility for maintenance of the catalogue, and to take it from a paper based system to an online database. The 9th catalogue was published in 2004. As of 7 August 2009, the catalogue database contained information on over 2940
6757601
Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment


. It is a smaller-scale version of the full instrument, consisting of two, 36 x 20 metre semi-cylinders populated by 128 dual-polarization antennas, and is currently being used as a testbed for CHIME technology and observing techniques. Additionally, the Pathfinder will also be capable of making an initial measurement of the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) with the intensity mapping technique and will become a useful telescope in its own right. Construction of CHIME began in 2015 at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) near
718616
Natural scientific research in Canada


featured a refracting telescope and a reflecting solar telescope. This was followed in 1918 by the new Dominion Astrophysical Observatory near Victoria, British Columbia. The 1.88 m (72 inch) reflecting telescope there had been proposed and designed by John Plaskett in 1910 with the backing of the International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research and when it began operation was briefly the largest telescope in the world. The University of Toronto established the first astronomy department in a Canadian university in 1904 and through the efforts of department head Dr. Chant and the generosity
7279209
Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory


The Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory was the personal observatory of George Ellery Hale, constructed by his father, William E. Hale, in 1890 at the family home in the Kenwood section of Chicago. It was here that the spectroheliograph, which Hale had invented while attending MIT, was first put to practical use; and it was here that Hale established the "Astrophysical Journal". Kenwood's principal instrument was a twelve-inch refractor, which was used in conjunction with a Rowland grating as part of the spectroheliograph. Hale hired Ferdinand Ellerman
17863333
Dunsink Observatory


, was used mainly for public 'open nights'. Dunsink observatory is currently part of the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS). It provides accommodation for visiting scientists and is also used for conferences and public outreach events. Public talks on astronomy and astrophysics are given regularly at the observatory by professional and amateur astronomers. Stargazing events are also held using the Grubb telescope. The observatory was established by an endowment of £3,000 in the will of Francis Andrews, who was Provost of Trinity College Dublin at his death on
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Dominion Observatory


The Dominion Observatory was an astronomical observatory in Ottawa, Ontario that operated from 1902 to 1970. The Observatory was also an institution within the Canadian Federal Government. The observatory grew out of the Department of the Interior's need for the precise coordinates and timekeeping that at that time could only come from an observatory. For several years they had used a small observatory on the Ottawa River for this purpose. In 1902, it was decided that Canada needed a larger national observatory similar to the Royal Greenwich Observatory in Britain. Chief Dominion
17612981
Tonantzintla Observatory


Tonantzintla Observatory () is an astronomical observatory located in the municipality of San Andrés Cholula in the Mexican state of Puebla. It consists of two adjacent facilities: the National Astrophysical Observatory of Tonantzintla ( - OANTON), operated by the National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), and the National Astronomical Observatory - Tonantzintla (—OAN - Tonantzintla), operated by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). OANTON is located on the INAOE campus, which includes numerous other buildings. OAN - Tonantzintla is
1794562
Institute of Space and Planetary Astrophysics


's Department of Mathematics in 1994. It was established as an autonomous research institute with the idea for a space science astrophysics programme and an astronomical observatory was conceived right at the inception of the Karachi University. However, the trace of establishing such institute came in place in 1960, when Professor A.B.A Haleem, Professor of Political Science and Vice-Chancellor of the Karachi University, first obtained and procured the powerful astronomical telescope with relevant equipment from a West-German company. Known as Karachi University Astrophysics Observatory, an astronomical observatory was
19105516
Víctor Manuel Blanco


Naval Observatory (USNO) provides a wide range of astronomical data and products, and serves as the official source of time for the U.S. Department of Defense and the standard of time for the entire United States. He also served in Java, Indonesia for UNESCO in the position of astronomer. In 1959, while serving as a professor of astrophysics at the Case Institute of Technology (renamed Case Western Reserve University in 1967) in Cleveland, Ohio, Blanco discovered an open cluster. It was named Blanco 1 in his honor,
16109303
Yerkes Observatory


Yerkes Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin operated by the University of Chicago Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics. It closed public operations in 2018. The observatory, which called itself "the birthplace of modern astrophysics", was founded in 1897 by astronomer George Ellery Hale and financed by businessman Charles T. Yerkes. It represented a shift in the thinking about observatories, from their being mere housing for telescopes and observers, to the early-20th-century concept of observation equipment integrated with laboratory space for physics and chemistry. The
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