Martin Ostwald [SEP] employer
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Martin Ostwald


Martin Ostwald (January 15, 1922 – April 10, 2010) was a German-American classical scholar, who taught until 1992 at Swarthmore College and the University of Pennsylvania. His main field of study was the political structures of Ancient Greece. Born the elder son of a German-Jewish lawyer, Ostwald was raised in Dortmund, where he attended the Municipal Gymnasium (Städtliches Gymnasium). He had always intended to become a classical scholar, but when this possibility was removed by the passage of the Nuremberg Laws of 1935
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Martin Ostwald


, which closed the German universities to Jews, he decided instead to pursue his interests in teaching and scholarship by becoming a rabbi. But during the Reichskristallnacht on November 9, 1938, Ostwald was arrested together with his father and his younger brother, Ernest. Forced to leave his parents behind in Germany, Ostwald and his brother were able to emigrate to England via the Netherlands on a Kindertransport. In England, however, Ostwald and other German refugees were, in the wake of the British defeat at Dunkirk, transferred to a
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Martin Ostwald


arrangement made possible by a special agreement between the two institutions. Ostwald continued to teach undergraduates at Swarthmore and graduate students at Penn until his retirement in 1992. In addition to these primary appointments, Ostwald taught as visiting professor at Princeton University, the University of California at Berkeley, Balliol College, Oxford, at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris and, for many years, at Tel Aviv University. Among Ostwald's many publications, some of the most notable include a translation of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics;
9083189
SEP-IRA


. The deadline for establishing the plan and making contributions is the filing deadline for the employer's tax return, including extensions. The strictest conditions employers may place on employee eligibility are as follows. The employee must be included if they: Employers may use less restrictive criteria. SEP-IRA funds are taxed at ordinary income tax rates when qualified withdrawals are taken after age (as for traditional IRAs). Contributions to a SEP plan are deductible, lowering a taxpayer's income tax liability in the contribution year. SEP-IRA
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Martin Ostwald


a handbook on the meters of Greek and Roman poetry, on which he collaborated with Thomas G. Rosenmeyer and James Halporn.) and several books on ancient Greek constitutional history: "Nomos and the Beginnings of the Athenian Democracy"; "Autonomia: Its Genesis and Early History"; and his magnum opus, "From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of the Law", for which Ostwald received the Goodwin Award of Merit from the American Philological Association in 1990. A selection of Ostwald's more important papers was published under the
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SEP-IRA


contributions are treated as part of a profit-sharing plan. For employees, the employer may contribute up to 25% of the employee's wages to the employee's SEP-IRA account. For example, if an employee earns $40,000 in wages, the employer could contribute up to $10,000 to the SEP-IRA account. The total contribution to a SEP-IRA account should not exceed the lesser of 25% of income (20% for self-employed before self-employed tax deduction is included);(see below)
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Martin Ostwald


. In 1951 he published his first scholarly article on the Prytaneion Decree ("IG" 1 131). The following year Ostwald received his Ph.D. after completing his dissertation on the Athenian constitution. After receiving his Ph.D. Ostwald taught for one year at Wesleyan University. He then returned to Columbia and taught there until 1958, when he joined the Classics Department at Swarthmore College. A few years later he transferred one-third of his teaching to the graduate programs in Classical Studies and Ancient History at the University of Pennsylvania, an
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SEP-IRA


net profit. In the above example, where an employee earns $40,000 and the employer contributes 25% of that, $10,000, the employee has received $50,000 total, of which 20% goes to the SEP-IRA. When a business is a sole proprietorship, the employee/owner both pays themselves wages and may also make a SEP contribution, which is limited to 25% of "wages", namely, profits minus SEP contribution. For a particular contribution rate "CR", the reduced rate is
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Martin Ostwald


concentration camp in Canada. Following his release, Ostwald enrolled at the University of Toronto, where he was able to resume his original interest in classical studies. After graduation in 1946 he continued his studies in the (at that time still quite new) Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago, where he wrote an M.A. thesis on the treatment of the Orestes myth by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. In 1949 he became a doctoral student under fellow German immigrant Kurt von Fritz at Columbia University in New York City
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Ostwald color system


In colorimetry, the Ostwald color system is a color space that was invented by Wilhelm Ostwald. Associated with "The Color Harmony Manual", it comprises a set of paint chips representing the Ostwald color space. There are four different editions of the "Color Harmony Manual". Each manual is made up of charts, with each chart being a different color space. Ostwald recommended a systematic arrangement of colors and a standardization of colors used. Ostwald believed colors should only be used and selected from a finite collection. He acknowledged
19486941
Martin J. Whitman School of Management


Partnership (SEP) is a collaboration between the Whitman School and the College of Engineering and Computer Science at Syracuse University, the State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, and the Syracuse Center of Excellence in Environmental and Energy Systems. The SEP conducts research through the Sustainable Building and Infrastructure Grant Program, holds seminars on ways for businesses and organizations to incorporate sustainability into their products and practices, and awards scholarships for students and researchers interested in sustainable buildings and infrastructure. The SEP also offers a Certificate of
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Wilhelm Ostwald


of polymorphs. The word mole, according to Gorin, was introduced into chemistry around 1900 by Ostwald. Ostwald defined one mole as the molecular weight of a substance in mass grams. The concept was linked to the ideal gas, according to Ostwald. Ironically, Ostwald's development of the mole concept was directly related to his philosophical opposition to the atomic theory, against which he (along with Ernst Mach) was one of the last holdouts. He explained in a conversation with Arnold Sommerfeld that he was converted by Jean Perrin
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Ostwald process


The Ostwald process is a chemical process for making nitric acid (HNO). Wilhelm Ostwald developed the process, and he patented it in 1902. The Ostwald process is a mainstay of the modern chemical industry, and it provides the main raw material for the most common type of fertilizer production. Historically and practically, the Ostwald process is closely associated with the Haber process, which provides the requisite raw material, ammonia (NH). Ammonia is converted to nitric acid in 2 stages. It is oxidized by heating with oxygen
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Sousa/Ostwald Award


The Sousa/Ostwald Award is an annual award given by the American Bandmasters Association for a composition for concert band. It was first awarded in 1956, after band uniform suppliers Ernest and Adolph Ostwald established the ABA/Ostwald Award for the best band composition written in the previous year. Previous rules allowed for compositions of grades 1-6, but the rules are undergoing a transition to focus on grades 1-4 (in 2011) and 5-6 (in 2012). The award was renamed from the Ostwald Award
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Ostwald ripening


if a system is obeying the slow-diffusion equation or the slow-attachment equation. If the experimental data obeys neither equation, then it is likely that another mechanism is taking place and Ostwald ripening is not occurring. Although LSW theory and Ostwald ripening were intended for solids ripening in a fluid, Ostwald ripening is also observed in liquid-liquid systems, for example, in an oil-in-water emulsion polymerization. In this case, Ostwald ripening causes the diffusion of monomers (i.e. individual molecules or atoms) from
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Wilhelm Ostwald


Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (2 September 1853 – 4 April 1932) was a Baltic German chemist and philosopher. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his work on catalysis, chemical equilibria and reaction velocities. Ostwald, Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Walther Nernst, and Svante Arrhenius are usually credited with being the modern founders of the field of physical chemistry. Ostwald was born ethnically Baltic German in Riga, to master-cooper Gottfried Wilhelm Ostwald (1824–1903) and Elisabeth Leuckel (1824–1903). He was the
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Wilhelm Ostwald


's Nobel Prize money. On 24 April 1880 Ostwald married Helene von Reyher (1854–1946), with whom he had five children: Ostwald was initiated to the Scottish Rite Masonry and became Grand Master of the Grand Lodge "Zur Aufgehenden Sonne" in Bayreuth. In 1887, he moved to Leipzig where he worked for the rest of his life. Arthur Noyes was one of his students, as was Willis Rodney Whitney. On his religious views, Ostwald was an atheist. Ostwald died in a hospital in Leipzig on 4 April
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Wilhelm Ostwald


donated half the proceedings of his 1909 Nobel prize to the Ido movement, funding the Ido magazine "Progreso" which he had proposed in 1908. Ostwald adopted the philosophy of Monism as advanced by Ernst Haeckel and became President of the Monistic Alliance in 1911. He used the Alliance's forum to promote Social Darwinism, eugenics and euthanasia. Ostwald's Monism influenced Carl G. Jung's identification of psychological types. He was one of the directors of the Die Brücke institute in Munich. The institute was sponsored, significantly, from Ostwald
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Ostwald, Bas-Rhin


the influence of Irish missionaries was Oswald, in honor of Oswald of Northumbria. After the French Revolution the name settled on Ostwald, and during the 19th century the population doubled from 657 residents in 1806 to 1,290 in 1895. Ostwald became independent while it developed industry around the Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques (S.A.C.M.), agriculture and services, such as the "Colonie agricole", the name of a youth internment center. In 1912 a quarry opened, creating many jobs, while the commune of Ostwald developed and augmented its
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Ostwald–Freundlich equation


relation is Ostwald ripening, in which surface tension causes small precipitates to dissolve and larger ones to grow. Ostwald ripening is thought to occur in the formation of orthoclase megacrysts in granites as a consequence of subsolidus growth. See rock microstructure for more. In 1871, Lord Kelvin (William Thomson) obtained the following relation governing a liquid-vapor interface:formula_11where In his dissertation of 1885, Robert von Helmholtz (son of the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz) derived the Ostwald–Freundlich equation and showed that Kelvin's equation could
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Ostwald ripening


Ostwald ripening is a phenomenon observed in solid solutions or liquid sols that describes the change of an inhomogeneous structure over time, i.e., small crystals or sol particles dissolve, and redeposit onto larger crystals or sol particles. Dissolution of small crystals or sol particles and the redeposition of the dissolved species on the surfaces of larger crystals or sol particles was first described by Wilhelm Ostwald in 1896. Ostwald ripening is generally found in water-in-oil emulsions, while flocculation is found in oil-in-water emulsions. This thermodynamically
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Wilhelm Ostwald


middle child of three, born after Eugen (1851–1932) and before Gottfried (1855–1918). Ostwald graduated from the University of Dorpat, Estonia, (now Tartu) in 1875, received his Ph.D. there in 1878 under the guidance of Carl Schmidt, and taught at Co-Arc from 1875 to 1881 and at Riga Polytechnicum from 1881 to 1887. Ostwald is usually credited with inventing the Ostwald process (patent 1902), used in the manufacture of nitric acid, although the basic chemistry had been patented some 64 years earlier
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Wilhelm Ostwald


en route, has led to a miscarriage". In addition to his work in chemistry, Wilhelm Ostwald was very productive in an extremely broad range of fields. His published work, which includes numerous philosophical writings, contains about forty thousand pages. Ostwald was also engaged in the peace movement of Berta von Suttner. Among his other interests, Ostwald was a passionate amateur painter who made his own pigments, and who developed a strong interest in color theory in the later decades of his life. He wrote several publications in the
15295172
Klaus Ostwald


Klaus Ostwald (born 26 August 1958) is an East German former ski jumper. He won the FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 1983 in Harrachov. Ostwald earned two medals in the team large hill at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with a silver in 1984 and a bronze in 1985. His best individual finish at the world championships was fourth in the individual large hill in 1982. Ostwald's best finish at the Winter Olympics was 13th in the normal hill at Sarajevo in 1984. He also had two other individual victories
16512379
Individual retirement account


Certain IRAs (rollovers from SEP or Simple IRAs, Roth IRAs, individual IRAs) are exempt up to at least $1,000,000 (adjusted periodically for inflation) without having to show necessity for retirement. The law provides that "such amount may be increased if the interests of justice so require." Other IRAs (rollovers from most employer sponsored retirement plans (401(k)s, etc.) and non-rollover SEP and SIMPLE IRAs) are entirely exempt. The 2005 BAPCPA also increased the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit for IRA
15706040
Randi Martin


Randi Martin is Professor of Psychology at Rice University and Director of the T. L. L. Temple Foundation Neuroplasticity Research Laboratory. With Suparna Rajaram and Judith Kroll, Martin co-founded Women in Cognitive Science in 2001. She is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and the Society of Experimental Psychologists (SEP). Martin is Senior Editor of the journal "Cognition." Martin received a B.A. (1971) in General Social Science and Mathematics from University of Oregon. She completed a M.A. (
15755094
Baabarr


film a repetition that "the film is of old story with new cast & crew, Martin specially criticises the decision of making film with lead role of "Soham Shah"" The film was not good at the box office as it hardly netted an amount of at the end of its first week after release & getting through the cinemas across India "Baabarr" at last managed to gross & determined a "Flop". "Baabarr" grossed £2,748 on 18 Sep 2009 & £1,439 on 11 Sep 2009 according to
7193690
Tokyo International Players


Amadeus" by Peter Shaffer, directed by Martin McGee Sep 1991: "Good Evening" by Dudley Moore and Peter Cook, directed by Ian de Stains (Curtain Raiser) Oct 1991: "Noises Off" by Michael Frayn, directed by Ivan Woodhouse Feb 1992: "Uncle Vanya" by Anton Chekhov, directed by Boomie Pedersen Mar 1992: "Bit by Bit", compiled & directed by Susan Oliver (musical review) Apr 1992: "Steel Magnolias" by Robert Harling, directed by Shelli Place Sep 1992:
21381330
Madagascar (software)


the Stanford Exploration Project (SEP). Generations of SEP students and researchers contributed to SEPlib. Most important contributions came from Rob Clayton, Jon Claerbout, Dave Hale, Stew Levin, Rick Ottolini, Joe Dellinger, Steve Cole, Dave Nichols, Martin Karrenbach, Biondo Biondi, and Bob Clapp. Madagascar also borrows ideas from Seismic Unix (SU), a package maintained by John Stockwell at the Center for Wave Phenomenon (CWP) at the Colorado School of Mines (Stockwell, 1997; Stockwell, 1999). Main
6337097
SEP-IRA


"CR/(1+CR)"; for a 25% contribution rate, this yields a 20% reduced rate, as in the above. Thus the overall contribution limit (barring limits) is 20% of 92.9% (that is, 18.6%) of net profit. For example, if a sole proprietor has $50,000 net profit from self-employment on Schedule C, then the "1/2 of self-employment tax credit", $3,532, shown on adjustments to income at the bottom of form 1040, will be
13754348
Strasbourg tramway


network, run by the CTS. Service generally starts at the termini closest to the depot, between 0404 and 0434, picking up at the other end of the line between 0436 and 0457. In this way, stations closest to the depots ("Rotonde" for lines A and D, "Elsau" for lines B and F, "Martin Schongauer" for line B headed to "Ostwald", "Kibitzenau" for line C and "Landsberg" for line E). On Sundays and public holidays, service
20826066
Delfino della Pergola


Delfino della Pergola (1398–1465) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Modena (1463–1465) and Bishop of Parma (1425–1463). Delfino della Pergola was born in 1398. On 24 Aug 1425, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Martin V as Bishop of Parma. On 18 Sep 1426, he was consecrated bishop by Pietro Grassi, Bishop of Pavia. On 24 Sep 1463, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Pius II as Bishop of Modena. He served as Bishop of Modena until
12564875
Alwin Mittasch


on chemistry and in 1901 he received a doctorate in the field on chemistry in the department from Wilhelm Ostwald in the department of the Pysikochemie. Max Bodenstein became his supervisor. In his thesis dealt Mittasch with Nickelcarbonylen. In spite of full-time employment as a teacher he finished this after one and a half years with summa cum laude. Use found the basic results of this work among other things with the development of the Mond-Langer-Carbonylverfahrens into the nickel production. Still decades later his results of the research were
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Ostwald, Bas-Rhin


Ostwald (Alsatian: "Oschwold") is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. The ancient name of Ostwald, Wickersheim, is first attested on a map of the emperor Charles the Fat in 884. In the time of the emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, within the realm of the Holy Roman Empire, the Hohenstaufens built a castle by the Ill River. In 1285, the city was acquired by the Zorn family of Strasbourg and took the name of Illwickersheim, also sometimes
17738176
History of fertilizer


in an economically sustainable synthesis of ammonia (NH). The ammonia produced in the Haber process is the main raw material of the Ostwald process. The Ostwald process is a chemical process for production of nitric acid (HNO), which was developed by Wilhelm Ostwald (patented 1902). It is a mainstay of the modern chemical industry and provides the raw material for the most common type of fertilizer production, globally. Historically and practically it is closely associated with the Haber process, which provides the requisite raw material, ammonia
6750560
Wilhelm Ostwald


's experiments on Brownian Motion. In 1906 Ostwald was elected a member of the International Committee on Atomic Weights. As a consequence of World War I this membership ended in 1917 and was not resumed after the war. The 1917 Annual report of the committee ended with the unusual note: "Because of the European war the Committee has had much difficulty in the way of correspondence. The German member, Professor Ostwald, has not been heard from in connection with this report. Possibly the censorship of letters, either in Germany or
15295171
Ostwald–Freundlich equation


The Ostwald–Freundlich equation governs boundaries between two phases; specifically, it relates the surface tension of the boundary to its curvature, the ambient temperature, and the vapor pressure or chemical potential in the two phases. The Ostwald–Freundlich equation for a droplet or particle with radius formula_1 is:formula_2formula_3 One consequence of this relation is that small liquid droplets (i.e., particles with a high surface curvature) exhibit a higher effective vapor pressure, since the surface is larger in comparison to the volume. Another notable example of this
22047366
Mamatha Raghuveer Achanta


women and children aversely affecting their health. NILA along with Save the Children organized a conference to review the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Bill. It was held on Sep. 15, 2015 at ASCI, Banjarahills Campus, Hyd from 11 AM to 2 PM. The Union Minister of Labour and Employment, Sri Bandaru Dattatreya, was the Chief Guest and the Minister for Home and Labour, Employment and Training, Telanagna Sri Nayani Narsimha Reddy, was the Guest of Honour. Dr. Mamatha is the Technical Partner to BHAROSA -
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SEP-IRA


employment tax (2006 Form 1040, line 27, from Schedule SE, Section A, line 6, or Section B, line 13). Barring limits, this is half the 15.3% FICA tax, levied on net earnings, which is 92.35% of net profit. Therefore, adjusted net profit (net profit minus deduction for self-employment tax) is 92.935225% of net profit, which is close to but slightly more than net earnings. The limit of 25% applies to wages, not (adjusted)
13754346
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
Skavenslayer


surprised to be summoned by Heironymous Ostwald, Countess Emannuelle's personal secretary. Ostwald has assumed the role left vacant by Fritz von Halstadt, though he is not as paranoid, nor as brutal in his methods. Word has reached him of Felix' activities (excluding his role in von Halstadt's death), and led him to conclude that Felix is also a secret agent of some kind. Felix lets him run with the assumption, which allows him to learn that Ostwald is also suspicious that an invasion is coming. The
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Ostwald–Freundlich equation


be transformed into the Ostwald–Freundlich equation. The German physical chemist Wilhelm Ostwald derived the equation apparently independently in 1900; however, his derivation contained a minor error which the German chemist Herbert Freundlich corrected in 1909. According to Lord Kelvin's equation of 1871,formula_11 .If the particle is assumed to be spherical, then formula_23 ; hence,formula_24 .Note: Kelvin defined the surface tension formula_6 as the work that was performed per unit area "by" the interface rather than "on" the interface; hence his term containing formula_6 has
22047368
Ostwald ripening


surface of larger particles. Therefore, all smaller particles shrink, while larger particles grow, and overall the average size will increase. As time tends to infinity, the entire population of particles becomes one large spherical particle to minimize the total surface area. The history of research progress in quantitatively modeling Ostwald ripening is long, with many derivations. In 1958, Lifshitz and Slyozov performed a mathematical investigation of Ostwald ripening in the case where diffusion of material is the slowest process. They began by stating how a single particle grows in
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Ostwald ripening


crystals from those of smaller size which have a higher solubility than the larger ones. In the process, many small crystals formed initially slowly disappear, except for a few that grow larger, at the expense of the small crystals. The smaller crystals act as fuel for the growth of bigger crystals. Limiting Ostwald ripening is fundamental in modern technology for the solution synthesis of quantum dots. Ostwald ripening is also the key process in the digestion of precipitates, an important step in gravimetric analysis. The digested precipitate is generally purer,
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Sisyphus fragment


Charles Kahn, Ruth Scodel, Martin Ostwald, Jan Bremmer and Harvey Yunis. Not all have been persuaded however. and, at that time, Walter Burkert, the doyen of scholars of Greek religion for one, remained skeptical. One source in antiquity ascribed the passage to Critias, one of the thirty oligarchs who ruled Athens in the immediate aftermath of the city-state's defeat in the Peloponesian War: two attribute it, or lines in it, to Euripides. Sextus Empiricus assigned these verses to Critias without however indicating
9633810
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
557049
Wilhelm Ostwald


to do additional work to commercialize the process in that time-frame. Alternatively, six years might simply have been the bureaucratic interval between filing the patent and the time it was granted. The combination of these two breakthroughs soon led to more economical and larger-scale production of fertilizers and explosives, of which Germany was to find itself in desperate need during World War I. Ostwald also did significant work on dilution theory leading to his discovery of the law of dilution which is named after him. Ostwald's rule concerns the behaviour
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Ostwald color system


Ostwald's first "Color Harmony Manual" was a set of 12 handbooks showing complementary hues. The first edition was published in 1942. It contained 680 color chips. Each color chip was a 5/8 inch square and had a tab where the Ostwald notation was written. A "Color Harmony Index" was also produced. It used larger 1 inch square color chips. But, due to its price only a few were sold. In 1945, Walter C. Granville was asked to produce a second edition. The second edition used
19486945
Château de l'Île


The Château de l'Île is a former castle in Ostwald, France, which is now used as luxury hotel. The present building was built in 1891 by the entrepreneur Léonard Heydt (1829–1901), who also served as the mayor of Ostwald from 1861 until his death. It re-employs elements of a previous castle from the early 17th century, which had probably replaced an even earlier castle (the first mention of a castle in Ostwald dates from the year 1226). The Renaissance elements of the 17th-century castle were
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Solo 401(k)


catch-up contribution does not apply to the SEP IRA. Calculating one's maximum annual solo 401(k) contribution limitation, including employee deferrals and profit sharing contributions, is based on self-employment income or W-2 income earned by the plan participant and the adopting employer's established legal entity (sole proprietorship vs. "C" corporation). In other words, in the case of a "C" or "S" corporation, the employee deferral and profit sharing contribution is based on the individual plan participant's W-2 amount.
2641905
Retirement plans in the United States


tax consequences. A SIMPLE IRA is a type of Individual Retirement Account (IRA) that is provided by an employer. It is similar to a 401(k) but offers simpler and less costly administration rules. Like a 401(k) plan, the SIMPLE IRA is funded by a pre-tax salary reduction. However, contribution limits for SIMPLE plans are lower than for most other types of employer-provided retirement plans. A Simplified Employee Pension Individual Retirement Account, or SEP IRA, is a variation of the Individual Retirement Account.
7647073
Thomas G. Rosenmeyer


Thomas Gustav Rosenmeyer (April 3, 1920 – February 6, 2007) was a German-American classical scholar. He was a Professor Emeritus for Classics and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Berkeley. His main interest was the literature of classical Greece, especially Plato. Rosenmeyer was born on April 3, 1920, in Hamburg and attended the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums from 1930 to 1938. He left Germany for England in 1939, and was interned for being a German citizen and transferred to Canada, where Martin Ostwald and
19194837
Self-employment


IRS Form 1040 and calculate the self-employment tax on Schedule SE of IRS Form 1040. Estimated taxes must be paid quarterly using form 1040-ES if estimated tax liability exceeds $1,000. Self-employed workers cannot contribute to a company-run 401k plan of the type with which most people are familiar. However, there are various vehicles available to self-employed individuals to save for retirement. Many set up a Simplified Employee Pension Plan (SEP) IRA, which allows them to contribute up to 25% of their
20671036
Josef Popper-Lynkeus


, is the necessity to foster in the rising generation on the first social-age stage such traits as love and respect to other people, love to work and aversion to false needs, and habits of rational use of leisure time. Among the admirers of Popper-Lynkeus were physicists Albert Einstein and Ernst Mach; philosophers Martin Buber and Hugo Bergman; chemist Wilhelm Ostwald; mathematician Richard von Mises; statistician Karl Ballod (Kārlis Balodis); physiologist Theodor Baer; psychologist Sigmund Freud; writers Max Brod, Stefan Zweig, and
3661969
Martin Mailman


From 1966 until 2000, he was Composer in Residence, Coordinator of Composition, and later, Regents Professor at the University of North Texas College of Music in Denton, Texas. In November 2000, the University of North Texas Board of Regents awarded Emeritus status to Dr. Mailman posthumously. Dr. Mailman received numerous awards, among which include two American Bandmasters Association/Ostwald Awards for composition, the National Band Association/Band Mans Company prize for composition, the Edward Benjamin Award, Composer of the Year by the Texas Music Teachers Association
4176775
September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
5363349
William O. Stephens


Martin Ostwald. He received his doctorate in Philosophy in May, 1990. In August 1990, he joined the faculty at Creighton University where he received the Omicron Delta Kappa Teaching for Tomorrow award in 2005. During his tenure at Creighton, Stephens has published four books and numerous articles on topics including Stoic ethics, Epicureanism, philosophical vegetarianism, personhood and sex and love. He has also written on being a Stoic and a Chicago Cubs fan, and on the similarities the Jedi philosophy in Star Wars shares with Stoicism. He delivered
12686330
SEP-IRA


or $42,000 (for 2005), $44,000 (2006), $45,000 (2007), $46,000 (2008), $49,000 (2009-2011), $50,000 (2012), $51,000 (2013), $52,000 (2014), $53,000 (2015 & 2016), $54,000 (2017), 55,000 (2018), 56,000 (2019). For 2010 and 2011, the compensation used in the calculation was capped at $245,000 (e.g., an employer making a 10
13754344
The Beeps


Sapphire Stream S2/Ep45 Apr. 29 Wash Those Socks! S2/Ep46 Dec. 12 The Bumps SEASON 3: S3/Ep1 Aug. 30 Up Down Hill S3/Ep2 Aug. 31 Caravan S3/Ep3 Sep. 6 Secret Garden S3/Ep4 Sep. 7 Bounceflower Tea S3/Ep5 Sep. 13 The Whale S3/Ep6 Sep. 14 Soggy Sockroaches S3/Ep7 Sep. 20 Stinkroots S3/Ep8 Sep. 21 Sing-a-long-a-beeps S3/Ep9 Sep. 27 History Book S3/Ep10 Sep. 28 What Goes Splat? S3
14688027
Signal Transfer Point


. SEPs send signaling messages to other SEPs, but the messages are normally routed via the SEP's adjacent STPs. An STP's main function is to identify the best path for two SEPs to communicate. A typical application would be for two SEPs to agree on the use of a shared data path (e.g., using ISUP to initiate a voice call between a user on one SEP and a user on the second SEP). In this way, STPs route signaling messages (for starting, maintaining or finishing any kind of
21819468
Signal Transfer Point


calls originated by the SEPs' attached users) while avoiding disabled intermediary STPs. A signaling message typically never goes directly from a given SEP to the destination SEP: the message would normally have to pass through the initiating SEP's adjacent STP so that it can be routed to the destination SEP. In some applications, however, SEPs might be directly connected with signaling links; this would typically be done to enhance robustness or performance between two critical SEPs. Such mesh network configurations are also common in Europe, where STPs have not
21819469
Laura Curran


News" and "New York Post". In 2017, Curran won a Sep 12 primary against Nassau County Comptroller George Maragos, who switched parties from Republican to Democratic. In the general election, Curran won a contentious campaign against former New York State Senator and Mineola Village Mayor Jack Martins. The then sitting Nassau County Executive, Ed Mangano, had decided not to run for re-election following an indictment on federal corruption charges. The campaign between Curran and Martins touched on gang violence (MS-13) and runaway property taxes
4550896
The Beeps


/Ep20 Sep. 19 Bouncy Bouncy Beep Beep S2/Ep21 Sep. 19 Big Beepday Bash S2/Ep22 Sep. 20 Yuk Says No S2/Ep23 Sep. 24 Wheely Helpful S2/Ep24 Sep. 25 Teeny Beep Takes Off S2/Ep25 Sep. 26 Carnival S2/Ep26 Sep. 27 Peas and Beeps S2/Ep27 Apr. 25 Stuck on You! S2/Ep28 Dec. 9 Hole Lot of Trouble S2/Ep29 Dec. 15 A Little Adventure S2/Ep30 Dec. 16 The Lost Houses S2/Ep31 May 1 Bounceberry Pie S2/Ep32 Dec. 23
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Paul Sidney Martin


archaeologists. In 1928 Martin had already begun his ten-year research in Montezuma County, Colorado but in the summer of 1929 the Department of the Interior denied him permission to excavate Lowry Pueblo. The DOI argued that Martin's employer, the State Historical Society of Colorado, was financially unable to complete the excavation. According to Nash, this setback motivated Martin to seek a stronger employer. Indeed, on August 22, 1929 Berthold Laufer of the Field Museum of Natural History offered Martin a job at the Museum's department of
19204787
Wilhelm Ostwald


field, such as his "Malerbriefe" ("Letters to a Painter," 1904) and "Die Farbenfibel" ("The Color Primer," 1916). His work in color theory was influenced by that of Albert Henry Munsell, and in turn influenced Paul Klee and members of De Stijl, including Piet Mondrian. He was also interested in the international language movement, first learning Esperanto, then later supporting Ido and had become member of Committee of the Delegation for the Adoption of an International Auxiliary Language. Ostwald
15295173
Catalysis


. "He developed Döbereiner's lamp, a lighter based on hydrogen and a platinum sponge, which became a commercial success in the 1820s that lives on today. Humphry Davy discovered the use of platinum in catalysis. In the 1880s, Wilhelm Ostwald at Leipzig University started a systematic investigation into reactions that were catalyzed by the presence of acids and bases, and found that chemical reactions occur at finite rates and that these rates can be used to determine the strengths of acids and bases. For this work, Ostwald was awarded the
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Polymorphism (materials science)


known in the space group "Pbca". In 2004, a second polymorph was obtained in the space group "Pca"2 when the compound was crystallised in the presence of an additive, trisindane. This experiment shows that additives can induce the appearance of polymorphic forms. Walter McCrone has stated that "every compound has different polymorphic forms, and that, in general, the number of forms known for a given compound is proportional to the time and money spent in research on that compound." Ostwald's rule or Ostwald's step
11609140
Wilhelm Ostwald


by Kuhlmann, when it was probably of only academic interest due to the lack of a significant source of ammonia. That may have still been the state of affairs in 1902, although things were due to change dramatically in the second half of the decade as a result of Haber and Bosch's work on their nitrogen fixing process (completed by 1911 or 1913). The date 1908 (six years after the patent) is often given for the invention of the Ostwald process, and it may be that these developments motivated him
15295168
Miniemulsion


tiny oil droplets dispersed in the water. Miniemulsions are kinetically stable but thermodynamically unstable. Oil and water are incompatible in nature, and the interface between them is not favored. Therefore, given a sufficient amount of time, the oil and water in miniemulsions separate again. Various mechanisms such as gravitational separation, flocculation, coalescence, and Ostwald ripening result in instability. In an ideal miniemulsion system, coalescence and Ostwald ripening are suppressed thanks to the presence of the surfactant and co-surfactant. With the addition of surfactants, stable
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Fertilizer


of nitrate (NO). A factory based on the process was built in Rjukan and Notodden in Norway, combined with the building of large hydroelectric power facilities. The 1910s and 1920s witnessed the rise of the Haber process and the Ostwald process. The Haber process produces ammonia (NH) from methane (CH) gas and molecular nitrogen (N). The ammonia from the Haber process is then converted into nitric acid (HNO) in the Ostwald process. The development of synthetic fertilizer has significantly supported global population growth —
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Polymorphism (materials science)


rule, conceived by Wilhelm Ostwald, states that in general it is not the most stable but the least stable polymorph that crystallises first. See for examples the aforementioned benzamide, dolomite or phosphorus, which on sublimation first forms the less stable white and then the more stable red allotrope. Ostwald suggested that the solid first formed on crystallisation of a solution or a melt would be the least stable polymorph. This can be explained on the basis of irreversible thermodynamics, structural relationships, or a combined consideration of statistical thermodynamics and structural variation
11609141
Ernst Otto Beckmann


is now known as the Beckmann rearrangement. In 1887 Wilhelm Ostwald moved to Leipzig, and physical chemistry then became a focus of Beckmann's work, as he served as an assistant to Ostwald. Beckmann used the methods of ebullioscopy (boiling-point elevation) and cryoscopy (freezing-point depression) to determine the molecular masses of several substances. These measurements required a careful determination of temperature differences, as opposed to absolute values, and to accomplish them Beckmann invented the differential thermometer that now carries his name (Beckmann thermometer)
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Liesegang rings (geology)


band formation and depletion of reactants in adjacent zones." As Ostwald suggests, there is a localized formation of crystal seeds that occurs when the right level of supersaturation is reached, and once the crystal seeds form, the growth of the crystals is believed to lower the supersaturation level of fluids in pore spaces surrounding the crystals, thus mineralization that occurs after the initial crystal growth in the surrounding areas develops in bands or "rings". One classic example based on the Ostwald-Liesegang hypothesis is observed in water and rock interactions
13540702
Ouzo effect


to be on the order of a micron. Smaller droplets, in order of 100 nanometers, were found in Limoncello. Using dynamic light scattering, Sitnikova et al. showed that the droplets of oil in the emulsion grow by Ostwald ripening, and that droplets do not coalesce. The Ostwald ripening rate is observed to diminish with increasing ethanol concentrations until the droplets stabilize in size with an average diameter of . Based on thermodynamic considerations of the multi-component mixture, the emulsion derives its stability from trapping between the binodal and spinodal
15390167
Georg Bredig


Kundt, Siegmund Gabriel and (1854-1919). Will was instrumental in introducing Bredig to the work of Wilhelm Ostwald of the University of Leipzig, and the new field of physical chemistry. Fascinated by this branch of research Bredig moved to the University of Leipzig in autumn 1889. There he studied with Ostwald, earning his doctorate in 1894 with a two-part dissertation, discussing "I. Beiträge zur Stöchiometrie. Ionenbewegung; II. Über die Afﬁnitätsgrößen d. Basen," (I. Contributions to stoichiometry. Ion motion; II
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Ostwald, Bas-Rhin


called "Sankt Ostwald" after the name of a parish. The plague of 1348 and mercenary raids in 1365 and 1376 decimated the population. In 1418 the city of Strasbourg gained control of Illwickersheim; at the same time it acquired Illkirch-Graffenstaden. The act of annexation of Alsace to the kingdom of France took place in Illkirch in 1681, after which Illwickersheim experienced a period of peace and prosperity, with the introduction of potato farming, which saw an increase in the city's area and population. A new name under
17738177
Law of dilution


Wilhelm Ostwald’s dilution law is a relationship proposed in 1888 between the dissociation constant ' and the degree of dissociation ' of a weak electrolyte. The law takes the form Where the square brackets denote concentration, and is the total concentration of electrolyte. Using formula_2, where formula_3 is the molar conductivity at concentration c and formula_4 is the limiting value of molar conductivity extrapolated to zero concentration or infinite dilution, this results in the following relation: Consider a binary electrolyte AB which dissociates reversibly into A and B ions. Ostwald noted that
19047319
William Lash Miller


was a turning point in his chemistry career. From then on, he often spent summers in Ostwald's laboratory in Leipzig. In 1891 Lash Miller became a demonstrator at the University of Toronto and was again in 1892 with Wilhelm Ostwald in Leipzig, where he earned a second doctorate (in physical chemistry). At the University of Toronto, Lash Miller became in 1894 a lecturer, in 1900 an associate professor, and in 1908 a professor of physical chemistry in Toronto. In 1937 he retired as a professor emeritus. Lash
19801719
Viscometer


measure of the viscosity. The flow conditions must have a sufficiently small value of Reynolds number for there to be laminar flow. At 20°C, the dynamic viscosity (kinematic viscosity × density) of water is 1.0038mPa·s and its kinematic viscosity (product of flow time × factor) is 1.0022mm/s. These values are used for calibrating certain types of viscometers. These devices are also known as glass capillary viscometers or Ostwald viscometers, named after Wilhelm Ostwald. Another version is the Ubbelohde viscometer, which consists of a U
20381946
Guide to information sources


Pub Ltd Ostwald, W (1919). Die chemische Literatur und die Organisation der Wissenschaft. Leipzig : W. Ostwald & C. Drucker. (This is considered the first "guide to information sources"). Stebbins, Leslie F. (2006). Student guide to research in the digital age; how to locate and evaluate information sources. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. Webb, W. H. et al. (Ed.). (1986). Sources of information in the social sciences. A Guide to the
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Ostwald (crater)


Ostwald is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies just to the east of the crater Guyot, and near the northern border of Ibn Firnas. Recht lies along its eastern rim. This is a worn and eroded crater formation with an irregular rim and inner wall due to multiple small impacts. A brief crater chain forms a cleft in the western inner face. The interior is somewhat more level, but is pock-marked by a multitude of tiny craterlets. There are some low central ridges
3072327
Ostwald ripening


smaller droplets to larger droplets due to greater solubility of the single monomer molecules in the larger monomer droplets. The rate of this diffusion process is linked to the solubility of the monomer in the continuous (water) phase of the emulsion. This can lead to the destabilization of emulsions (for example, by creaming and sedimentation). An everyday example of Ostwald ripening is the re-crystallization of water within ice cream which gives old ice cream a gritty, crunchy texture. Larger ice crystals grow at the expense of smaller ones
3994568
Ostwald ripening


within the ice cream, creating a coarser texture. Another gastronomical example is in the ouzo effect, where the droplets in the cloudy microemulsion grow by Ostwald ripening. In geology, it is the textural coarsening, aging or growth of phenocrysts and crystals in solid rock which is below the solidus temperature. It is often ascribed as a process in the formation of orthoclase megacrysts, as an alternative to the physical processes governing crystal growth from nucleation and growth rate thermochemical limitations. In chemistry, the term refers to the growth of larger
3994569
Beer chemistry


bubbles. These bubbles grow and accelerate as they rise by feeding off of nearby smaller bubbles, a phenomenon known as Ostwald ripening. These larger bubbles lead to “coarser” foam on top of poured beer. Beers can be carbonated with CO or with other gases such as Nitrogen. These gases are not as soluble in water as carbon dioxide, so they form bubbles that do not grow through Ostwald ripening. This means that the beer has smaller bubbles and a more creamy and stable head. This less soluble gas gives the
9738132
William Lewis (Australian politician)


William Lewis JP (23 April 1818 – 12 April 1895) was a businessman and politician in South Australia. He was born in Tredegar, Cornwall, the only surviving son of Rev. Lewis, and at age 14 was forced by the death of his father to abandon studies for the ministry and find employment as a lawyer's clerk, as a stationer in London, then as a bailiff for his cousin Sep. Lewis in Wales. In 1853 he emigrated to South Australia on the "Iris", and soon found work with
1418694
Rita (2009 Italian film)


- Artistic Direction 9th Concorto Film Festival | 2010 22 Aug – 29 Aug | Italy Special Jury Mention 8th Imaginaria Film Festival | 2010 24 Aug – 29 Aug | Italy Jury Mention 16th Aye Aye Film Festival Nancy-Lorraine | 2010 3 Sep – 11 Sep | France Best Sound 3rd Festival Internacional Curtametraxes Bueu | 2010 Bueu International Shortfilm Festival 6 Sep – 11 Sep | Spain Best Short Fiction Film 17th Altin Koza Film Festival | 2010 Golden Boll Film Festival 20 Sep – 26 Sep | Turkey Special Jury Mention 7th Filmfest Eberswalde |
3077820
Somatosensory evoked potential


Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP or SSEP) is the electrical activity of the brain that results from the stimulation of touch. SEP tests measure that activity and are a useful, noninvasive means of assessing somatosensory system functioning. By combining SEP recordings at different levels of the somatosensory pathways, it is possible to assess the transmission of the afferent volley from the periphery up to the cortex. SEP components include a series of positive and negative deflections that can be elicited by virtually any sensory stimuli. For example, SEPs can be obtained in
10173551
SEP-IRA


deducted from the net profit. The result is then multiplied by 20% to arrive at the maximum SEP deduction, $9,293. SEP contributions and earnings are held in SEP-IRAs and can be withdrawn at any time, subject to the general limitations imposed on Traditional IRA. A withdrawal is taxable in the year received. If a participant makes a withdrawal before age 59½, generally a 10% additional tax applies. SEP contributions and earnings may be rolled over tax-free to other Individual retirement account and retirement plans.
13754349
List of Jeeves characters


In the same novel, Bertie mentions that Seppings is fond of dances, and Bertie later has trouble getting his attention while Seppings is engrossed in dancing. Seppings makes a brief appearance in "The Code of the Woosters", working at the Travers family's town house. In "Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit", Seppings discovers a missing pearl necklace in Jeeves's room, and draws this to Jeeves's attention before reporting it to anyone else. After he does report this, both Seppings and Aunt Dahlia are offended when
19756882
Sten Lagergren


model for adsorption kinetics based on an extensive body of experimental measurements. Both the empirical data and the model were highly acclaimed by the contemporaries. In 1900, Wilhelm Ostwald (Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry in 1909) wrote an unusually extensive review of the paper in his Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie. Beyond words of recognition, Ostwald also drafted some ideas to further develop the model. Actually, having abandoned research, Lagergren could not give thought to these advises. The path was followed, instead, by Herbert Freundlich. His paper
14533786
Svante Arrhenius


He thus proposed that chemical reactions in solution were reactions between ions. The dissertation did not impress the professors at Uppsala, but Arrhenius sent it to a number of scientists in Europe who were developing the new science of physical chemistry, such as Rudolf Clausius, Wilhelm Ostwald, and J. H. van 't Hoff. They were far more impressed, and Ostwald even came to Uppsala to persuade Arrhenius to join his research team. Arrhenius declined, however, as he preferred to stay in Sweden-Norway for a while (his
16103524
Paul Walden


to the dielectric constant. During the summer vacations of 1890 and 1891, Walden was visiting Ostwald at the University of Leipzig and in September 1891 defended there a master thesis on the affinity values of certain organic acids. Ostwald suggested that he stay in Leipzig as a private lecturer, but Walden declined, hoping for a better career in Riga. In the summer of 1892 he was appointed assistant professor of physical chemistry. A year later he defended his doctorate on osmotic phenomena in sedimentary layers and in September 1894 became professor of analytical
17245955
Paul Walden


giving spontaneously, to bring freshness to the subject ... I never considered teaching as a burden". 1896 brought reforms to the Riga Technical University. Whereas previously, all teaching was conducted in German and Walden was the only professor giving some courses in Russian, from then on, Russian became the official language. This change allowed receiving subsidies from the Russian government and helped the alumni in obtaining positions in Russia. These reforms resulted in another and rather unusual collaboration of Walden with Ostwald: Walden was rebuilding the Chemistry Department and Ostwald
17245958
Nitric acid


. Commercial grade nitric acid solutions are usually between 52% and 68% nitric acid. Production of nitric acid is via the Ostwald process, named after German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald. In this process, anhydrous ammonia is oxidized to nitric oxide, in the presence of platinum or rhodium gauze catalyst at a high temperature of about 500 K and a pressure of 9 atm. Nitric oxide is then reacted with oxygen in air to form nitrogen dioxide. This is subsequently absorbed in water to form nitric acid and nitric oxide. The nitric
1871726
James Walker (chemist)


was in physical chemistry. He investigated methods of electrolysis in the synthesis of dicarboxylic acids, the dissociation constants of acids and bases, and measured molecular weights by freezing point depression. While he is personally credited with no truly major discoveries, his most important role was as a populariser of the new and controversial physical chemistry theories of Ostwald, van't Hoff and Arrhenius in the English speaking world. This he did through his 1890 translation of Ostwald's "Grundriss der allgemeinen Chemie (Outlines of General Chemistry)", and his own
20999943
Nitrogen fixation


yielding ammonia. In 1898 Adolph Frank and Nikodem Caro decoupled the process and first produced calcium carbide and in a subsequent step reacted it with nitrogen to calcium cyanamide. The Ostwald process for the production of nitric acid was discovered in 1902. Frank-Caro process and Ostwald process dominated the industrial fixation of nitrogen until the discovery of the Haber process in 1909. Prior to 1900, Nikola Tesla also experimented with the industrial fixation of nitrogen "by using currents of extremely high frequency or rate of vibration". Artificial fertilizer production is
2147874
Solid state ionics


and anion conductors PbF, CaF, SrF, SrCl and LaF. Later in 1891, Johann Wilhelm Hittorf reported on the ion transport numbers in electrochemical cells, and in the early 20th century those numbers were determined for solid electrolytes. The voltaic pile stimulated a series of improved batteries, such as the Daniell cell, fuel cell and lead acid battery. Their operation was largely understood in the late 1800s from the theories by Wilhelm Ostwald and Walther Nernst. In 1894 Ostwald explained the energy conversion in a fuel cell and stressed that its
6012703
Anna Hingley


Anna Hingley (born 1982) is the first woman to ride on horseback across the Australian Outback, which she completed on 5 August 2006. The 3510 km journey was undertaken to raise for Angel Flight, an Australian charity that co-ordinates non-emergency flights for financially and medically needy people. Hingley and Ostwald met in 2004 whilst Hingley was travelling from Sydney to Darwin by bus as part of a year-long backpacking tour. Ostwald was driving the bus and their conversation turned to their mutual passion for horses. They
7624354
Paraguay national rugby union team


- 13 Paraguay 19 AGO 1991 Chile 25 - 18 Paraguay 07 SEP 1991 Brasil 6 - 33 Paraguay 28 SEP 1991 Paraguay 10 - 37 Argentina 4th place Sudamericano 1993 5 Naciones 28 SEP 1993 Chile 24 - 25 Paraguay 02 OCT 1993 Paraguay 3 - 67 Uruguay 10 OCT 1993 Paraguay 49 - 21 Brasil 16 OCT 1993 Argentina 51 - 3 Paraguay 3rd place Sudamericano 1995 4 Naciones 22 SEP 1995 Paraguay 14 - 24 Chile 24 SEP 1995 Paraguay 9 - 103 Argentina 30 SEP 1995 Uruguay 48 - 12 Paraguay 4th place Sudamericano 1997 4
13011259
SEP-IRA


A Simplified Employee Pension Individual Retirement Arrangement (SEP IRA) is a variation of the Individual Retirement Account used in the United States. SEP IRAs are adopted by business owners to provide retirement benefits for themselves and their employees. There are no significant administration costs for a self-employed person with no employees. If the self-employed person does have employees, all employees must receive the same benefits under a SEP plan. Since SEP IRAs are a type of IRA, funds can be invested the same way as most other IRAs
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