Shenzhou 9 [SEP] time of spacecraft launch
[{"answer": "16 June 2012", "provenance": [{"wikipedia_id": "3073159", "title": "Shenzhou 9", "start_paragraph_id": 1, "start_character": 29, "end_paragraph_id": 1, "end_character": 154, "bleu_score": 0.6514613449066712, "meta": {}, "section": "Section::::Abstract."}]}]
Shenzhou 9


Shenzhou 9 () was the fourth crewed spacecraft flight of China's Shenzhou program, launched at 18:37:24 CST (10:37:24 UTC), 16 June 2012. "Shenzhou 9" was the second spacecraft and first crewed spacecraft to dock with the Tiangong 1 space station, which took place on 18 June. The Shenzhou 9 spacecraft landed at 10:01:16 CST (02:01:16 UTC) on 29 June in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The mission's crew included the first Chinese female astronaut, Liu Yang. The next mission was "Shenzhou 10"
20674323
Shenzhou 2


Shenzhou 2 () launched on January 9, 2001, was the second unmanned launch of the Shenzhou spacecraft. Inside the reentry capsule were a monkey, a dog and a rabbit in a test of the spaceship's life support systems. The reentry module separated from the rest of the spacecraft after just over seven days in orbit, with the orbital module staying in orbit for another 220 days. "Shenzhou 2" tested the spacecraft much more rigorously than its predecessor "Shenzhou 1". After being launched into a 196.5 by
15616956
Shenzhou 9


's launch was 49 years to the day after that of the first woman in space, cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova. The Shenzhou 9 spacecraft arrived at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in the northwestern Gobi Desert on 9 April 2012 and its carrier rocket, the Long March 2F, arrived on 9 May. On 9 June 2012, the Shenzhou 9 spacecraft and its carrier rocket were rolled out to launch pad. On 12 June 2012 underwent system-wide joint exercises, and final health checks were completed the following day. On June 16, 2012
20674325
Tiangong-1


first docking was entirely computer-controlled, without input from the three astronauts; a second, crew-guided docking was successfully conducted on 24 June 2012 at 12:42 Beijing time. Shenzhou 9 landed safely in Inner Mongolia on 29 June 2012. In August 2012, Shenzhou 9's crew travelled to Hong Kong to discuss their mission with university students. The manned Shenzhou 10 spacecraft, the final Shenzhou mission to rendezvous with Tiangong-1 before its deorbit, was launched on 11 June 2013. The launch of Shenzhou 10 was originally planned for
13114352
Tiangong-1


. The Shenzhou 9 spacecraft was delivered to Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center for launch preparations on 9 April 2012, while its Long March 2F carrier rocket arrived a month later on 9 May. Shenzhou 9 launched successfully on 16 June 2012, carrying with it China's first female astronaut, Liu Yang. The spacecraft docked with Tiangong-1 on 18 June 2012 at 14:07 Beijing time (06:07 GMT; 07:07 BST). After about three hours, when the air pressures inside the two vessels were equalized, mission commander Jing Haipeng entered Tiangong-1. The
13114351
Shenzhou 1


Shenzhou 1 () launched on November 19, 1999, was the first unmanned launch of the Shenzhou spacecraft. The spacecraft used was not equipped with a life support system or an emergency escape system. After orbiting the Earth 14 times, the command for retrofire was sent by the "Yuanwang 3" tracking ship off the coast of Namibia at 18:49 UTC. After a successful reentry it landed about 415 km east of its launch pad and 110 km north-west of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia. The first Shenzhou spacecraft was different
15520820
Long March 2F


November 1999, with the Shenzhou 1 spacecraft. After the flight of Shenzhou 3, CPC General Secretary and President Jiang Zemin named the rocket 'Shenjian' meaning 'Divine Arrow'. On 15 October 2003, a Long March 2F launched Shenzhou 5, China's first human spaceflight. It has since launched the Shenzhou 6, Shenzhou 7, Shenzhou 9, Shenzhou 10 and Shenzhou 11 missions into orbit. Externally, the rocket is similar to the Long March 2E from which it was derived. Most of the changes involve the
20909733
Shenzhou 8


Shenzhou 8 () was an unmanned flight of China's Shenzhou program, launched on October 31, 2011 UTC, or November 1 in China, by a Long March 2F rocket which lifted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The Shenzhou 8 spacecraft was automatically docked with the Tiangong-1 space module (launched on 29 September 2011) on November 3 and again on November 14, 2011. This unmanned docking—China's first—was followed in 2012 with the manned Shenzhou 9 mission, which performed a manned docking (also
6264036
Shenzhou 10


the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in Inner Mongolia. The spacecraft successfully reached low Earth orbit before the rocket detached. With a duration of 15 days, Shenzhou 10 was China's longest human spaceflight mission to date, surpassing the previous record holder, Shenzhou 9 by two days. CPC General Secretary, Chinese President Xi Jinping was present for both the departure ceremony, and the launch itself. The spacecraft docked with Tiangong 1 at 05:11 UTC on 13 June. The crew opened the hatch three hours later and entered the laboratory module..
20674386
Human spaceflight


behind, and started China's own human spaceflight program. The first attempt, the Shuguang spacecraft copied from the US Gemini, was cancelled on 13 May 1972. China later designed the Shenzhou spacecraft resembling the Russian Soyuz, and became the third nation to achieve independent human spaceflight capability by launching Yang Liwei on a 21-hour flight aboard Shenzhou 5 on 15 October 2003. China launched the Tiangong-1 space station on 29 September 2011, and two sortie missions to it: Shenzhou 9 16–29 June 2012, with China's first female astronaut Liu
19256147
Tiangong program


experiments for the docking of Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou 8. On June 16, 2012, Shenzhou 9 was launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Inner Mongolia, China, carrying a crew of three. The Shenzhou craft successfully docked with the Tiangong-1 laboratory on June 18, 2012, at 06:07 UTC, marking China's first crewed spacecraft docking. On June 11, 2013, China launched Shenzhou 10 with a crew of three headed for the Tiangong-1. The full 60-metric ton "space station" has been delayed to ~2020–2022, and will
19011877
Shenzhou (spacecraft)


spacecraft was then modified with the new Russian technology. The general designer of Shenzhou-1 through Shenzhou-5 was Qi Faren (戚发轫, Apr 26, 1933 -), and from Shenzhou-6 on, the general design was turned over to Zhang Bainan (张柏楠, Jun 23, 1962 -). The first uncrewed flight of the spacecraft was launched on November 19, 1999, after which Project 921/1 was renamed Shenzhou, a name reportedly chosen by Jiang Zemin. A series of three additional uncrewed flights ensued. The first crewed launch took place
17905030
Shenzhou 3


Shenzhou 3 () launched on March 25, 2002, was the third unmanned launch of China's Shenzhou spacecraft. This was the first Shenzhou spacecraft launched that could have actually carried a human and as such the main objective of the mission was to test the systems required to support a human in space. On board it carried a dummy to simulate physiological signals of a human — palpitation, pulse, breathing, eating, metabolism, and excretion. The launch had been delayed several months due to design changes. It had been
15616981
Shenzhou (spacecraft)


Shenzhou ( or ; ) is a spacecraft developed and operated by China using Soyuz technology to support its crewed spaceflight program. The name is variously translated as "divine vessel", "divine craft", or "divine ship". Its design resembles the Russian Soyuz spacecraft, but it is larger in size. The first launch was on November 19, 1999 and the first crewed launch was on October 15, 2003. In March 2005, an asteroid was named 8256 Shenzhou in honour of the spacecraft. China's first
17905028
Shenzhou 9


, the Expedition Ceremony was held at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. National People's Congress Standing Committee Chairman Wu Bangguo attended the ceremony. The astronauts, Liu Wang, Liu Yang, and Jing Haipeng, rode to the launch tower and turned in the entrance with the assistance of support staff. The Long March 2F rocket was launched on 16 June 2012 at 10:37 UTC. Shenzhou 9 docked with China's first space lab Tiangong-1 at 06:07 UTC on 18 June, marking China's first crewed spacecraft rendezvous and docking. This docking
20674326
Comparison of Asian national space programs


FSW series, have undergone many atmospheric reentry tests. In the 1990s China had commercial launches, resulting in more launch experiences and a high success rate after the 1990s. China has aimed to undertake scientific development in fields like Solar System exploration. China's Shenzhou 7 spacecraft successfully performed an EVA in September 2008. China's Shenzhou 9 spacecraft successfully performed a manned docking in June 2012. Furthermore, China's Chang'e 2 explorer became the first object to reach Sun-Earth Lagrangian point in August 2011 and also the first probe to
4956949
Shenzhou 4


Shenzhou 4 () – launched on December 29, 2002 – was the fourth unmanned launch of the Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft. Two dummy astronauts were used to test the life support systems. (A live astronaut was not used until "Shenzhou 5" on October 15, 2003.) The spacecraft was equipped for a manned flight, even featuring a sleeping bag, food, and medication. The windows were constructed of a new material that was designed to stay clear even after reentry to allow an astronaut to confirm that the parachutes
15617148
Shenzhou (spacecraft)


test flights launched to date, the orbital module of each Shenzhou was left functioning on orbit for several days after the reentry modules return, and the Shenzhou 5 orbital module continued to operate for six months after launch. The reentry module (返回舱) is located in the middle section of the spacecraft and contains seating for the crew. It is the only portion of Shenzhou which returns to Earth's surface. Its shape is a compromise between maximizing living space while allowing for some aerodynamic control upon reentry. The aft service module (
17905034
Jing Haipeng


was launched on 16 June 2012, returning to Earth on 29 June. On October 15, 2016, a press release indicated Jing Haipeng would be the commander of the Shenzhou 11 mission, that was slated for departure only two days later. The Shenzhou 11 launched at 07:30 on 17 October 2016 local time (23:30 GMT on 16 October) from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center using a Long March 2F launch rocket. The crew landed successfully after the 33 day mission on 18 November 2016.The reentry module of the Shenzhou-11 spacecraft landed in
3255405
Chinese space program


29, 2011, China launched Tiangong 1. This target module is intended to be the first step to testing the technology required for a planned space station. On October 31, 2011, a Long March 2F rocket lifted the Shenzhou 8 uncrewed spacecraft which docked twice with the Tiangong 1 module. The Shenzhou 9 craft took off on 16 June 2012 with a crew of 3. It successfully docked with the Tiangong-1 laboratory on 18 June 2012, at 06:07 UTC, marking China's first crewed spacecraft docking. Another crewed mission,
50566
Shenzhou 4


have deployed properly. It was said that the spacecraft flown on "Shenzhou 4" had no major differences to that used on "Shenzhou 5". It flew with the ability for manual control and emergency landing, systems needed for a manned flight. A week before the launch, astronauts trained in the spacecraft to familiarise themselves with its systems. Initially the spacecraft was in a by orbit inclined at 42.4°. This was raised to by at 23:35 UTC on December 29, 2002. On January 4 and January 5,
15617149
Shenzhou 5


Shenzhou 5 () was the first human spaceflight mission of the Chinese space program, launched on 15 October 2003. The Shenzhou spacecraft was launched on a Long March 2F launch vehicle. There had been four previous flights of uncrewed Shenzhou missions since 1999. China became the third country in the world to have independent human spaceflight capability after the Soviet Union (later, Russia) and the United States. The launch was widely heralded in the official Chinese state media with newspapers devoting far more space to the launch than any recent event
20909695
Tiangong-1


were provided by the docked Shenzhou spacecraft, rather than being integrated into the Tiangong module itself. Similarly, one member of the module's three-person crew slept in the Shenzhou spacecraft, preventing overcrowding. Tiangong-1 was originally intended to be launched in August 2011, and was delivered to the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 23 July, successfully passing a launch rehearsal test on 17 August. However, following the failed launch of a Long March 2C rocket in August 2011, the launch was postponed. Following an investigation into the August
13114346
Shenzhou 6


time was confirmed two weeks later by Jiang Jingshan, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. But then on October 10 an official from the technical department of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center said the launch was then scheduled for 01:00 UTC on October 12. This new launch time could have been designed to dodge the cold weather which had been forecast to hit the area. Assembly of the rocket was reported complete on September 26. On October 4, the "Shenzhou 6" spacecraft was attached to the CZ-2F rocket, also
3980714
Shenzhou 6


known as "Shenjian". Unlike the uncrewed Shenzhou flights, "Shenzhou 5" and "6" were launched during daylight hours to provide greater safety in case of abort. The launch was televised live with China Central Television selling advertising for RMB¥2.56 million (US$316,000) for five seconds, to RMB¥8.56 million (US$1 million) for 30 seconds. A video camera had been added to the rocket and images of it were broadcast during the ascent and the separation of the Shenzhou spacecraft. Shortly after launch, recovery crews
3980715
Shenzhou 6


Shenzhou 6 ( "Shénzhōu lìuhào") was the second human spaceflight of the Chinese space program, launched on October 12, 2005 on a Long March 2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The Shenzhou spacecraft carried a crew of Fèi Jùnlóng (费俊龙) and Niè Hǎishèng (聂海胜) for five days in low Earth orbit. It launched three days before the second anniversary of China's first human spaceflight, "Shenzhou 5". The crew were able to change out of their new lighter space suits, conduct scientific
3980708
Shenzhou 7


the atmosphere, the satellite caught up to the orbiting spacecraft using a liquid ammonia engine, then continue to orbit around the spacecraft. The mini-satellite will work for about three months. China launched its first-ever data relay satellite, called "Tianlian I" (天链一号), from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on a Long March-3C carrier rocket on 25 April 2008. The Tianlian I satellite will be used to speed up communication between the Shenzhou 7 spacecraft and the ground stations, and to increase the amount of data
11946096
2012 in spaceflight


Soyuz spacecraft, while the fifth was a Chinese Shenzhou launch. All of the year's manned missions rendezvoused with space stations – the four Soyuz missions docked with the International Space Station (ISS), while China's Shenzhou 9 docked with the Tiangong-1 orbital laboratory. Five spacewalks were also undertaken in 2012, all by ISS crewmembers. Numerous significant milestones in robotic spaceflight occurred in 2012, including the landing of NASA's "Curiosity" rover on Mars in August, and the first commercial resupply missions to the ISS in May and
20837905
Shenzhou 6


Zhai Zhigang and Nie Haisheng were the leading pair, after having been in the final group of three for "Shenzhou 5". The crew arrived at the spacecraft about 2 hours and 45 minutes before the launch and the hatch closed 30 minutes after their arrival. At 01:00:05.583 UTC on October 12 "Shenzhou 6" lifted off from the launch pad at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The launch phase was reported to be normal with the escape rocket separating 120 seconds after launch when the rocket was travelling 1,300 m/s (4300
3980711
Shenzhou 10


revealed until June, when the rest of the crew was revealed. The crew of Shenzhou 10 previously served as the backup crew to Shenzhou 9. With Nie Haisheng's elevation to General, this marked the first instance that China would launch a flag officer into space, after they had become a general officer. Shenzhou 10 was launched on 11 June 2013, at 09:38 UTC (17:38 local time). A Long March 2F carrier rocket was used to perform the launch, flying from Pad 1 of the South Launch Site at
20674385
Shenzhou 10


Shenzhou 10 () was a crewed spaceflight of China's Shenzhou program that was launched on 11 June 2013. It was China's fifth crewed space mission. The mission had a crew of three astronauts: Nie Haisheng, who was mission commander and previously flew on Shenzhou 6; Zhang Xiaoguang, a former PLAAF squadron commander who conducted the rendezvous and docking; and Wang Yaping, the second Chinese female astronaut. The Shenzhou spacecraft docked with the Tiangong-1 trial space laboratory module on 13 June, and the astronauts performed physical, technological
20674381
Chen Dong (astronaut)


batch for Chinese astronauts in 2009 when he was a combat aircraft pilot. He was interviewed by Yang Liwei. He was selected to fly on the Shenzhou 11 mission in October 2016 with astronaut Jing Haipeng. The two underwent more than 3,000 hours of training before the launch of the spacecraft. On 17 October 2016 On 07:30 local time (23:30 GMT on 16 October), Chen lifted off with Shenzhou 11 for a 33-day space mission to the Tiangong-2 space station as his first spaceflight, launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center using
18143506
Chinese space program


phase of the Project 921. Missions are launched on the Long March 2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The China Crewed Space Engineering Office provides engineering and administrative support for the crewed Shenzhou missions. The second phase of the Project 921 started with "Shenzhou 7", China's first spacewalk mission. Then, two crewed missions were planned to the first Chinese space laboratory. The PRC initially designed the Shenzhou spacecraft with docking technologies imported from Russia, therefore compatible with the International Space Station (ISS). On September
50565
Monkeys and apes in space


1, 1970, the experience was repeated with a female monkey of the same species using a X-1 Panther rocket. Although it reached a higher altitude than its predecessor, it was lost after the capsule's parachute failed. The PRC spacecraft Shenzhou 2 launched on January 9, 2001. Inside the reentry module (precise information is lacking due to the secrecy surrounding China's space program) a monkey, dog, and rabbit rode aloft in a test of the spacecraft's life support systems. The SZ2 reentry module landed in Inner
17185939
Shenzhou 7


Shenzhou 7 () was the third human spaceflight mission of the Chinese space program. The mission, which included the first Chinese extra-vehicular activity (EVA) carried out by crew members Zhai Zhigang and Liu Boming, marked the commencement of the second phase of the Chinese government's Project 921. The Shenzhou spacecraft carrying the three crew members was launched 25 September 2008, by a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket which lifted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 21:10 CST. The mission lasted three days, after
11946087
Chinese space program


one was "Shenzhou 1" on November 20, 1999. On January 9, 2001 "Shenzhou 2" launched carrying test animals. "Shenzhou 3" and "Shenzhou 4" were launched in 2002, carrying test dummies. Following these was the successful "Shenzhou 5", China's first crewed mission in space on October 15, 2003, which carried Yang Liwei in orbit for 21 hours and made China the third nation to launch a human into orbit. "Shenzhou 6" followed two years later ending the first
50564
Jiuquan Launch Area 4


Long March 11 rockets have launched from LA-4. The first spacecraft to be launched from the site was Shenzhou 1, atop a Long March 2F, on 19 November 1999. SLS-2 became operational in 2003, and has since been used for most unmanned launches from Jiuquan. As of March 2010, twenty launches have been made from the complex. The most recent launch from the site was from SLS-2 on 5 March 2010, when the Long March 4C made its first flight from the complex, carrying the Yaogan 9 satellite. Long
14885242
Tiangong-1


over the following decade by the larger Tiangong-2 and Tiangong-3 modules, but it orbited until 2 April 2018. Tiangong-1 was visited by a series of Shenzhou spacecraft during its two-year operational lifetime. The first of these, the unmanned Shenzhou 8, successfully docked with the module in November 2011, while the manned Shenzhou 9 mission docked in June 2012. A third and final mission to Tiangong-1, the manned Shenzhou 10, docked in June 2013. The manned missions to Tiangong-1 were notable for including China's first female astronauts,
13114340
Shenzhou (spacecraft)


efforts at human spaceflight started in 1968 with a projected launch date of 1973. Although China successfully launched an uncrewed satellite in 1970, its crewed spacecraft program was cancelled in 1980 due to lack of funds. The Chinese crewed spacecraft program was relaunched in 1992 with Project 921. The Phase One spacecraft followed the general layout of the Russian Soyuz spacecraft, with three modules that could separate for reentry. China signed a deal with Russia in 1995 for the transfer of Soyuz technology, including life support and docking systems. The Phase One
17905029
Tiangong program


Project 921. The original target date for the fulfillment of the project was 2010. Originally, China planned to simply dock Shenzhou 8 and Shenzhou 9 together to form a simple space laboratory. However, it was decided to abandon that plan and launch a small space laboratory instead. In 2007, plans for an 8-metric ton "space laboratory" being launched in 2010 under the designation of Tiangong-1 were made public. This would be an eight-ton space laboratory module with two docking ports. Subsequent flights (Shenzhou 9 and Shenzhou
19011875
Chen Dong (astronaut)


a Long March 2F launch rocket. The crew landed successfully after the 33 day mission on 18 November 2016, marking China's longest manned space flight to date. The reentry module of the Shenzhou-11 spacecraft landed in Inner Mongolia around 2.15 p.m(China time) after detaching from the space lab on 17 November. For his achievements on the Shenzhou 11 mission, Chen was awarded the Spaceflight Merit Medal (Third Class) along with the honorary title of "hero astronaut" on 26 December 2016 by the Central Military Commission. Chen has twin
18143507
2012 in spaceflight


The year 2012 saw a number of significant events in spaceflight. In May and October, the first Commercial Orbital Transportation Services resupply missions took place, during which the SpaceX Dragon became the first private spacecraft to dock with the International Space Station (ISS). In June, China launched the manned Shenzhou 9 orbital mission, and North Korea achieved its first successful orbital launch in December. 2012 also saw China's first successful asteroid exploration mission, and the landing of NASA's "Curiosity" rover on Mars. The Vega and
20837901
Shenzhou 7


that can be transferred to the ground. The Tianlian I satellite alone can cover 50 percent of the orbit of Shenzhou 7—whereas the Yuanwang space tracking ships, along with China's ten ground observation stations, have a coverage of only 12 percent—and thus will increase the total coverage to about 62 percent of the mission. The Shenzhou 7 project consists of seven subsystems, with the Chinese military responsible for launching, recovering, crew, and tracking subsystems, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation responsible for the carrier rocket and spacecraft itself
11946097
Qi Faren


Qi Faren () is the chief designer for Chinese spacecraft since the launch of the prototype Shenzhou manned spacecraft in 1999. He was born in 1933 and graduated from the Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 1957. Qi took part in the research and design of the People's Republic of China's first satellite - the Dong Fang Hong I, which was successfully launched, and stayed in orbit, in 1970. He was then appointed the general designer of China's spacecraft in 1992, following the retirement of Tsien Hsue-
20211401
Launch escape system


Lockheed Propulsion Company). Apollo used a design that had many similarities to the Mercury system. Launch Escape Systems continue to be used on the Russian Soyuz and Chinese Shenzhou programme spacecraft. The SpaceX-designed Dragon V2 uses a hypergolic liquid-fueled launch abort system integrated to the capsule to minimize spacecraft costs. The Soviet Vostok and American Gemini spacecraft both made use of ejection seats. The European Space Agency's Hermes and the Soviet "Buran"-class spaceplanes would also have made use of them if they had ever flown with crews.
12172261
Solar electric propulsion


Solar electric propulsion (SEP) typically refers to the combination of solar cells and an ion drive to propel a spacecraft through outer space. This technology has been exploited in a variety of spacecraft by the European Space Agency, the Japanese Space Agency, Indian Space Research Organisation and NASA. SEP is valued for its potential for a high specific impulse, thus allowing less mass for propellant to be launched with a spacecraft and it has been evaluated for mission to Mars. Solar electric propulsion combines solar panels on spacecraft and ion thrusters,
19663908
Shenzhou (spacecraft)


this increases the space available in the spacecraft without increasing weight as much as it would if those modules were also able to withstand reentry. Thus both Soyuz and Shenzhou have more living area with less weight than the Apollo CSM. The orbital module (轨道舱) contains space for experiments, crew-serviced or operated equipment, and in-orbit habitation. Without docking systems, Shenzhou 1–6 carried different kinds of payload on the top of their orbital modules for scientific experiments. Up until Shenzhou 8, the orbital module of the Shenzhou
17905032
Swakopmund tracking station


an estimated cost of $12 million Namibian dollars and opened in July 2001. The site is north of Swakopmund and is a 150m x 85m compound surrounded by a 2m high wall. There are two antennae for communicating with spacecraft, one 5m in diameter and the other 9m. The latter is 16m high. In March 2012 it was announced that it had participated in six launches. It was involved in the 29 June 2012 descent of Shenzhou 9, the first manned craft to dock with Chinese
8734435
2013 in spaceflight


Imbrium on 14 December; it was the first time that country had a successful touchdown on an extraterrestrial surface. Five manned orbital launches were conducted during 2013, all successfully, carrying a total of 15 astronauts into orbit. Four of these missions were flown with the Russian Soyuz spacecraft and one with the Chinese Shenzhou. For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example,
6926516
Shenzhou 1


from those later used. Instead of featuring unfolding solar panels, "Shenzhou 1" was equipped with fixed solar cells. During this first flight there were also no orbit changes. According to Qi Faren the chief designer of the spacecraft, only 8 of the 13 sub-systems on board the spacecraft were operational. Shenzhou 1 was designed primarily to test the Long March 2F rocket. The only systems and capabilities tested on the spacecraft were the separation of the modules, attitude control, lifting body reentry, the heat shield,
15520821
Banxing


Banxing or BX-1 (), is a small Chinese technology development satellite which was deployed from the Shenzhou 7 spacecraft at 11:27 GMT on 27 September 2008. Prior to deployment, the satellite was mounted on top of the Shenzhou 7 orbital module. Banxing was used to relay images of the Shenzhou 7 spacecraft. Weighing some 40 kilograms, and containing two cameras and communication equipment, it was maneuvered using an ammonia gas-based propulsion system. Following the re-entry of Shenzhou 7, Banxing remained in orbit as part of a
18953388
Shenzhou (spacecraft)


推进舱) contains life support and other equipment required for the functioning of Shenzhou. Two pairs of solar panels, one pair on the service module, the other pair on the orbital module, have a total area of over 40 m² (430 ft²), indicating average electrical power over 1.5 kW ("Soyuz" have 1.0 kW). Although the Shenzhou spacecraft follows the same layout as the Russian Soyuz spacecraft, it is substantially larger than Soyuz. There is enough room to carry an inflatable boat in case of a water
17905035
Shenzhou 6


suffered from a "minor heartache" after his launch. It is thought that this refers to space adaptation syndrome experienced by about one third of astronauts during the first few days of a spaceflight. The "People's Daily" said that the interior design of the spacecraft has been changed to hopefully lessen the likelihood of nausea and other symptoms. It was announced in July 2005 that "Shenzhou 6" would carry one experiment involving the sperm of pigs from Rongchang County, Chongqing. But on October 11 it was revealed by Liu
3980732
Shenzhou 10


would be at the beginning of the June–August period. Knowledge of the conditions that China sets for launch windows for its piloted spacecraft allowed the likely launch date to be calculated as somewhere in the period between 7–13 June. Xinhua published an item from the Beijing Times that summed up the aims of the mission, and included the information that Wang Yaping was the only female trainee in the group of astronaut candidates. Wang Yaping was announced to be the one of the crew in April 2013, the only member of the crew
20674384
Space station


by logistical support craft, which allows for a longer lifetime at the cost of requiring regular support launches. Modules are still being developed based on the design and capabilities of "Mir". China's first space laboratory, Tiangong-1 was launched in September 2011. The uncrewed Shenzhou 8 then successfully performed an automatic rendezvous and docking in November 2011. The crewed Shenzhou 9 then docked with Tiangong-1 in June 2012, the crewed Shenzhou 10 in 2013. A second space laboratory Tiangong-2 was launched in September 2016, while a plan for Tiangong-3
5791459
2011 in spaceflight


the unmanned Shenzhou 8 spacecraft, which was launched on 31 October, docked twice with the module to test its systems in preparation for a successful 2012 manned docking. ISS Expedition 28 ended, and Expedition 29 began, with the undocking of Soyuz TMA-21 on 16 September. The launch of Soyuz TMA-22 did not take place until 14 November, having been delayed by reliability concerns surrounding the Soyuz rocket after an unmanned launch failure in August. A week later, Soyuz TMA-02M undocked, beginning Expedition 30, with the Soyuz spacecraft landing
19525873
Liu Guosong


Paintings by Liu Kuo-sung and his students" exhibition at Arizona State University.br Participated at the "Modern Chinese Painting" symposium at the Oxford University in England.br Exhibition "Liu Kuo-sung : A Retrospective View" at Tyler Print Institute in Singapore.br Moved by China's successful launch of the spacecraft Shenzhou 6, started to paint a new "Shenzhou-6 Series". •2006  "Rhythm of Mind" exhibition at Zhejiang Provincial Museum, Westlake Museum, and Hunan Provincial Museum.br Invited by Harvard University to participated in "New Chinese Paintings"
12313884
Tiangong program


, and the Chinese space station. On the 50th anniversary of the PRC's founding, China launched the Shenzhou 1 spacecraft on 20 November 1999 and recovered it after a flight of 21 hours. The country became the third country with a successful crewed space program by sending Yang Liwei into space aboard Shenzhou 5 on October 15, 2003 for more than 21 hours. It was a major success for Chinese space programmes. In 1999, "Project 921-2" was finally given official authorization. Two versions of the station were
19011873
Chinese large modular space station


the only hatch between orbital and reentry modules is a part of reentry module, and the orbital module is depressurised after separation. In the future it might be possible for the orbital module(s) to be left attached to the station as additional station modules. Small modules for the ISS are launched by Soyuz spacecraft in this way. In unmanned test flights, the orbital module of each Shenzhou was left functioning on orbit for several days after the return of the reentry modules, and the Shenzhou 5 orbital module continued to operate for six
19011990
Mengniu Dairy


Partners signed agreement with Mengniu to invest US$ 26m for a total share of 32% in the company. Mengniu then went on to be listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in June 2004. The company is a leading manufacturer of milk, yogurt and other dairy products in mainland China, partly due to its high-profile advertising campaigns. One such campaign advertised ""special milk for China's astronauts"" after the successful launches of the Shenzhou 5 and Shenzhou 6 spacecraft(in fact the company sponsors the Chinese space program
9292053
Yang Liwei


China's first manned space mission. A former fighter pilot in the Aviation Military Unit of the PLA, he held the rank of Lieutenant Colonel at the time of his mission. He was promoted to full Colonel on 20 October 2003. According to the "Youth Daily", the decision had been made in advance of his spaceflight, but Yang was not made aware of it. He was launched into space aboard his "Shenzhou 5" spacecraft atop a Long March 2F rocket from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 09:00 CST (
20909673
Reentry capsule


, thus the heatshield is dropped from the spacecraft similar to the landing bag deployment on the U.S. Mercury spacecraft. Like the Command Module of the Apollo spacecraft, the Shenzhou reentry capsule has no reusable capabilities; each spacecraft is flown once and then "thrown away" (usually sent to museums). Few details are known about the Shenzhou reentry capsule, except that it uses some technology from the Soyuz TM design. The new Soyuz TMA spacecraft, now used solely for International Space Station flights, had its couches modified to allow
5687959
Shenzhou 6


ft/s). Sixteen seconds later the four booster rockets separated at an altitude of . The payload fairing and first stage detached 200 seconds after launch. The second stage burned for a further 383 seconds and the spacecraft separated from the rocket above the Yellow Sea. The spacecraft then used its own propulsion system to place it into a 211 km by 345 km (131 by 214 statute miles) orbit, with an inclination of 42.4 degrees, about 21 minutes after launch. At 01:39 UTC Chen Bingde, the Chief Commander
3980712
Shenzhou 6


. The flight telemetry recorder on the spacecraft had its memory increased to about 1 gigabyte, and the read/write speed was now 10 times as fast as the computers carried on previous flights. It was also about half the size of that carried on "Shenzhou 5". Overall, 95% of the Shenzhou 6 space capsule is indigenously designed/produced in China, the highest rate in comparison to the previous ones. The menu included pineapple-filled mooncakes, green vegetables, braised bamboo shoots, rice, and bean
3980730
Shenzhou 9


, which launched on 11 June 2013. On 12 March 2012, it was announced that the initial crew selection roster for the mission included female astronauts. The crew were unveiled to the press on 15 June. China's first female astronaut would be Liu Yang. Liu was selected ahead of her fellow female astronaut prospect Wang Yaping. This mission also featured the first repeat astronaut, Jing Haipeng, the commander of the mission. Shenzhou 9 was the 9th flight in China's Shenzhou program and the fourth crewed spaceflight. The mission
20674324
Shenzhou (spacecraft)


on 15 October 2003 with the Shenzhou 5 mission. The spacecraft has since become the mainstay of the Chinese crewed space program, being used for both crewed and uncrewed missions. Shenzhou consists of three modules: a forward orbital module (轨道舱), a reentry module (返回舱) in the middle, and an aft service module (推进舱). This division is based on the principle of minimizing the amount of material to be returned to Earth. Anything placed in the orbital or service modules does not require heat shielding, and
17905031
Shenzhou 3


furnace, space protein crystal equipment, a cell bioreactor, a solid matter tracking detector and microgravity gauge. Also on board was a video camera that broadcast images of the Earth as seen through one of the windows on the spacecraft. To test the radio transmitting systems, a pre-recorded female voice was transmitted. "Shenzhou 3" reentered and landed successfully after 107 orbits. Unlike "Shenzhou 2" where no photos had been released of the landing capsule, this time photos were released confirmed a successful touchdown. As with
15616984
Shenzhou 8


China's first) with the Tiangong-1 module. Only the Soviet Union (Russia), Japan and the European Space Agency had achieved automatic rendezvous and docking prior to China's accomplishment. On September 29, 2008, Zhang Jianqi (), Vice Director of China manned space engineering, announced in an interview of China Central Television that Tiangong-1, an 8-ton "target vehicle", would be launched in 2010 (now 2011), and that Shenzhou 8, Shenzhou 9 and Shenzhou 10 were all intended to dock with it.
6264037
Shenzhou 6


, to the addition of a fire extinguisher. The "Wen Wei Po" newspaper have reported that the rocket appeared the same as that used for "Shenzhou 5" except that a "transition segment" was visible at the top of the "Shenzhou 6" stack, attached to one end of the orbital module. China Aerospace Science and Technology, the major manufacturer of both the Shenzhou spacecraft and the Long March rocket have said that although the flight featured a second astronaut and was much longer than "Shenzhou 5",
3980728
Long March (rocket family)


launch vehicles. There are four launch centers in China. They are: Most of the commercial satellite launches of Long March vehicles have been from Xichang Satellite Launch Center, located in Xichang, Sichuan province. Wenchang Satellite Launch Center in Hainan province is under expansion and will be the main launch center for future commercial satellite launches. Long March launches also take place from the more military oriented Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu province from which the manned Shenzhou spacecraft also launches. Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center is located in Shanxi province and focuses
10466708
Shenzhou 3


first Long March 2F launch to feature a working launch escape system. Also added were two manual system that would have allowed an astronaut to activate the system in case of emergency. It was tested during the launch phase though Chinese officials did not confirm if the test was successful. A day after launch China Central Television broadcast an artist impression of the spacecraft in orbit. Of interest was that the front of the orbital module appeared to have been equipped with three seven element log-periodic antennae. It is thought that it was
15616987
Chinese space program


(Project 863-204) used to ferry astronaut crews to a space station (Project 863-205). In September of that year, astronauts in training were presented by the Chinese media. The various proposed crewed spacecraft were mostly spaceplanes. Project 863 ultimately evolved into the 1992 "Project 921". In 1992, authorization and funding was given for the first phase of Project 921, which was a plan to launch a crewed spacecraft. The Shenzhou program had four uncrewed test flights and two crewed missions. The first
50563
Shenzhou 8


On October 1, 2008, Shanghai Space Administration, which participated in the development of Shenzhou 8, stated that they have succeeded in the simulated experiments for the docking of Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou 8. , the launch of Shenzhou 8 was planned for early 2011. By March 2011, the launch had been postponed until October 2011. Shenzhou 8 was launched at 21:58 UTC on October 31, 2011 (November 1 in China) by a Long March 2F rocket. The launch lifted off from 921/SLS-1 Launch Pad at the Southern
6264038
Long March 2F


The Long March 2F ( "Changzheng 2F"), also known as the CZ-2F, LM-2F and Shenjian, is a Chinese orbital carrier rocket, part of the Long March 2 rocket family. Designed to launch crewed Shenzhou spacecraft, the Long March 2F is a human-rated two-stage version of the Long March 2E rocket, which in turn was based on the Long March 2C launch vehicle. It is launched from complex SLS at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre. The Long March 2F made its maiden flight on 19
20909732
Chinese large modular space station


Shenzhou have more living area with less weight than the Apollo CSM. The mass of the ship is around , and it is long. The maximum diameter of the modules is . With solar panels extended, the station is across. Until Shenzhou 8, the orbital module of the Shenzhou was equipped with its own propulsion, solar power, and control systems, allowing autonomous flight. It was possible for Shenzhou to leave an orbital module in orbit for redocking with a later spacecraft, something which the Soyuz cannot do, since
19011989
Shenzhou program


quite limited and that practically all military uses of space are much more effectively performed by unmanned satellites. Thus while the Shenzhou orbital module could be used for military reconnaissance, there appears to be no military reason for incorporating such a system in a manned mission, as China could use purely unmanned satellites for these purposes. The Shenzhou spacecraft resembles the Russian "Soyuz", although it is substantially larger. Unlike the Soyuz, it features a powered orbital module capable of autonomous flight. Like "Soyuz", "Shenzhou" consists
3063076
TMRO


live events such as Shuttle and Soyuz launches, the Phoenix Mars landing, the launch of Jules Verne ATV, the GLAST Space Telescope, Chandrayaan-1, Shenzhou 7, the Kepler Mission as well as commercial satellite launches. The website was one of many outlets to broadcast a live feed of the lunar impact by NASA's LCROSS spacecraft and participated in Guy Laliberté's "Poetic Social Mission Event: Moving Stars and Earth for Water". These events are usually summed up in short daily clips dedicated to one or two events. Additionally
1196002
Expedition 7


"Progress M1-10" in June and "Progress M-48" in August. From Houston, ISS Spacecraft Communicator Mike Fossum informed Expedition 7 Commander Yuri Malenchenko and Science Officer Edward Lu on 15 October 2003 of the successful launch of the Long March rocket carrying the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft and Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei. "It's really some exciting news to share. The world's spacefaring nations have been joined by a new member tonight: China." "First off, we want to congratulate them," Lu replied.
17565859
Long March (rocket family)


Long March rockets have subsequently maintained an excellent reliability record. Since 2010, Long March launches have made up 15–25% of all space launches globally. Growing domestic demand has maintained a healthy manifest. International deals have been secured through a package deal that bundles the launch with a Chinese satellite, circumventing the U.S. embargo. The Long March is China's primary expendable launch system family. The Shenzhou spacecraft and Chang'e lunar orbiters are also launched on the Long March rocket. The maximum payload for LEO is 12,000 kilograms (CZ-3B),
10466700
Shenzhou 7


, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences responsible for the payloads on board the spacecraft (other than the crew). A columniform water training pool of in diameter and in depth, located in China Astronaut Training Center, simulates the weightlessness experienced in space. A model of the Shenzhou orbital module has been used in the pool to train the crew for the space walk. Special attention has been paid to solving vibration problems that were encountered 120 seconds into the Shenzhou 5 mission. These vibrations were described by Shenzhou 5 astronaut Yang Liwei
11946098
Shenzhou program


started in 1968 with a projected launch date of 1973. Although China did launch an unmanned satellite in 1970 and has maintained an active unmanned program since, the manned spaceflight program was cancelled due to lack of funds and political interest. The current Chinese human spaceflight program was authorized on 1 April 1992 as Project 921-1, with work beginning on 1 January 1993. The initial plan has three phases: The chief designers include Qi Faren and Wang Yongzhi. The first unmanned flight of the spacecraft was launched on 19 November 1999
3063071
Chinese large modular space station


March 2F launch vehicle with Shenzhou spacecraft was rolled out for integration and facility tests. A representative of the Chinese manned space program stated that around 2000, China and Russia were engaged in technological exchanges regarding the development of a docking mechanism. Deputy Chief Designer, Huang Weifen, stated that near the end of 2009, the Chinese agency began to train astronauts on how to dock spacecraft. The Core Cabin Module provides life support and living quarters for three crew members, and provides guidance, navigation, and orientation control for the station
19011982
Space capsule


A space capsule is an often crewed blunt-body spacecraft that reenters the Earth's atmosphere without wings. Capsules are distinguished from satellites primarily by the ability to survive reentry and return a payload to the Earth's surface from orbit. Capsules make up the majority of crewed spacecraft designs, although one crewed spaceplane has launched to orbit. Current examples of crewed capsules include Soyuz, Shenzhou, Orion, CST-100, and Dragon 2. Future examples of crewed capsules include Federation. Historic examples of crewed capsules include Vostok, Mercury, Voskhod
705736
Shenzhou 7


added to the external wall of the Orbital module to allow the space walking astronaut to reach specific experiment areas. More cameras have been installed on this spacecraft than on the Shenzhou 6 vessel, in addition to those covering the Orbital module and the Return module. Two new, recently commissioned Yuanwang-class tracking ships, Yuanwang-5 and Yuanwang-6, played a key role in the Shenzhou VII mission. Custom-made, compact, foldable toilets allow the astronaut's collected urine to be scientifically inspected. Most of the Shenzhou 6 project management
11946100
Dorbod Banner


through fourteen of his descendants before the Communist Party of China abolished all hereditary titles in Inner Mongolia in 1949. The last prince, Sudanamuchaogeji (), died as a private citizen in 1957. There is a sculpture of the four original princes in Wulanhua, erected in 2003. About north of Wulanhua is pasture land called Amugulang in Honggor sum. This is the primary landing site for manned Shenzhou spacecraft. A specially constructed road runs from Wulanhua to Honggor. It was built to support the recovery of the Shenzhou spacecraft. This
5844019
Shenzhou 1


and ground recovery. The spacecraft is thought to have carried 100 kg of seeds to investigate the effects on them of the space environment. It is also thought that the front of the Orbital Module was equipped with a dummy ELINT package, with Shenzhou 2 onwards equipped with fully functional models. It was announced in June 1999 that the flight would take place in October of that year. At about the same time images were released on a Chinese military internet forum of the Long March 2F launcher and the Vehicle Assembly Building that would
15520822
Iranian Space Agency


has been discussed. This involvement might range from simply sending astronauts to the 60 tons class space station to contributing with development of a space laboratory module. International manned space cooperation has officially been disclosed for the first time after the launch of the Chinese Shenzhou 7 spacecraft. Western media has quoted that Iran has plans to land an astronaut on the moon by 2025. Currently Iran doesn't have a medium lift rocket, therefore as of now Iran sending a human to space is unlikely due to the lack of equipment. The Iranian
12334946
Shenzhou (spacecraft)


was equipped with its own propulsion, solar power, and control systems, allowing autonomous flight. It was possible for Shenzhou to leave an orbital module in orbit for redocking with a later spacecraft, something which the Soyuz cannot do since the only hatch between orbital and reentry modules is a part of reentry module, and orbital module is depressurized after separation. In the future it is possible that the orbital module(s) could also be left behind on the planned Chinese project 921/2 space station as additional station modules. In the uncrewed
17905033
Shenzhou 11


Shenzhou 11 was a crewed spaceflight of the Shenzhou program of China, launched on 17 October 2016 (16 October UTC) from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. It was China's sixth crewed space mission. Two days after launch, it docked with the Tiangong-2 space laboratory, which had been launched on September 15, 2016. The crew consisted of two astronauts. The mission selected two crew instead of three to extend supplies to increase mission length for their long duration stay. The Shenzhou 11 launched at 07:30 on 17 October 2016
19789681
Shenzhou 5


. While the Chinese media portrayed the launch as a triumph for Chinese science and technology and a milestone for Chinese nationalism, it has also been pointed out in both Chinese and Western media that Yang Liwei showed the flag of the United Nations in addition to the flag of the People's Republic of China. The state media also reported that crop seeds from Taiwan were brought aboard the spacecraft. General Secretary and President Hu Jintao, in an official celebration at the Great Hall of the People, hailed China's success in launching its
20909696
Gravity (2013 film)


makeshift thruster to travel to the rapidly deorbiting "Tiangong". She manages to enter "Tiangong"s "Shenzhou" spacecraft just as the station enters the upper atmosphere and unlocks its re-entry capsule just in time. The "Shenzhou" capsule re-enters the atmosphere successfully; however, during the descent it is damaged by debris from the disintegrating "Tiangong", and a fire starts inside the capsule. The capsule lands in a lake, but dense smoke forces Stone to evacuate immediately after splashdown, shed her spacesuit,
19886816
Shenzhou 6


orbital modules was opened and, for the first time, crew were able to enter the second living compartment of the Shenzhou spacecraft. Fèi Jùnlóng was the first to enter, while Niè Hǎishèng remained in the reentry module. They would swap positions about three hours later. At 13:32 UTC, Niè and Fèi had a seven-minute conversation with their wives and children who were in Mission Control. Niè's daughter sang "Happy Birthday to You", as his birthday is October 13. The activities of the crew were not
3980718
Dragon Spacecraft Qualification Unit


. On March 13, 2010, the first stage engines successfully underwent a 3.5 second static test firing, having failed a previous attempt the day before. SpaceX announced in September 2009 that the Dragon Spacecraft Qualification Unit would be the payload for the first Falcon 9 launch. At the time, launch was scheduled to occur no earlier than November 2009. The launch date had been delayed several times for various reasons, The spacecraft was launched and entered orbit on June 4, 2010. The first actual launch attempt targeted a four-
616394
CASIC TF


its existence of TF-1 was acknowledged when it was first revealed at the 7th Zhuhai Airshow held in 2008 together with its predecessor TF-1. TF-1-06 is specially designed for weather reconnaissance for Shenzhou series spacecraft, and participated in launch and landing weather support missions. Specification: TF-1C is a lightweight, long-endurance UAV in twin-boom layout with inverted v-tail, and it is usually vehicle-launched. Specification: TF-1D Blade (Dao-Feng or Daofeng, 刀锋) is a development of TF-1C, with the
10745585
Zhong Shaojun


, Zhong was seen in military uniform (with the rank insignia of a senior colonel) on national television watching the launch of the "Shenzhou 10" spacecraft at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre accompanying Xi Jinping. Zhong's relationship with Xi has been compared to that between former General Secretary Jiang Zemin and his former secretary Jia Ting'an (later promoted to General in the People's Liberation Army) and that between former General Secretary Hu Jintao and his chief aide Ling Jihua. However, there is not much publicly available information about Zhong
17294149
Chinese large modular space station


astronauts, Wu Jie and Li Qinglong, began training at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre in Russia. After training, these men returned to China and proceeded to train other Chinese astronauts at sites near Beijing and Jiuquan. The hardware and information sold by the Russians led to modifications of the original Phase One spacecraft, eventually called Shenzhou, which loosely translated means "divine vessel." New launch facilities were built at the Jiuquan launch site in Inner Mongolia, and in the spring of 1998 a mock-up of the Long
19011981
Human spaceflight


Yang; and Shenzhou 10, 13–26 June 2013. The station was retired on 21 March 2016 and reentered on 2 April 2018, burning up with smaller fragments impacting the ocean. Tiangong-1's successor Tiangong-2 was launched in September 2016 to then be derorbited in July 2019. Tiangong-2 hosted a crew of two (Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong) for 26 days. The Tianzhou 1 cargo spacecraft docked to the station on 22 April 2017. The European Space Agency began development in 1987 of the Hermes spaceplane, to be launched on the
19256148
Shenzhou 3


"Shenzhou 2" the Orbital Module stayed in orbit for an extended mission. During this time it made some orbital adjustments, raising its orbit. Although it was speculated that it could serve as a docking target for "Shenzhou 4", this did not turn out to be the case. Its mission ended in October 2002 and it reentered on November 12 at about 06:38 UTC over 22°S 109° E over the Indian Ocean off western Australia. The launch of "Shenzhou 3" was attended by CPC General Secretary
15616985
Shenzhou 7


as hard to endure. Corrective measures were implemented for the Shenzhou 6 mission, but since then more improvements have been added to the carrier rocket, to the pipes of the second stage, and to more than thirty other parts of the spacecraft.. The Orbital module has been modified and its solar panels removed in order to allow for the EVA experiment. For this same reason, in contrast to previous Shenzhou missions, it will not remain in space after its separation with the departing crew in the Return module. Handrails have been
11946099
Shenzhou program


. These were followed by 2 manned missions. The second one was launched on 12 October 2005. The Shenzhou missions were launched on the Long March 2F from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The command center of the mission is the Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center. The China Manned Space Engineering Office provides engineering and administrative support for the manned Shenzhou missions. The name "Shenzhou" is variously translated as "divine vessel", "divine craft", or "divine ship". China's first efforts at human spaceflight
3063070