Forth Bridge [SEP] crosses
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Firth of Forth


edge of Dunfermline, Burntisland, Kirkcaldy, Bo'ness and Leven. The firth is bridged in two places. The Kincardine Bridge and the Clackmannanshire Bridge cross it at Kincardine, while the Forth Bridge, the Forth Road Bridge and the Queensferry Crossing cross from North Queensferry to South Queensferry, further east. The Romans reportedly made a bridge of around 900 boats, probably at South Queensferry. From 1964 to 1982, a tunnel existed under the Firth of Forth, dug by coal miners to link the Kinneil colliery on the south side of
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Forth Estuary Transport Authority


Authority and Scottish Government were left with no option but to plan the construction of a new crossing. Dehumidification work on the Forth Road Bridge was successful in halting the corrosion of the main cables, so there is now no requirement to close the existing Forth Road Bridge to traffic. The Forth Road Bridge will, as a result, be incorporated into the road network alongside the new bridge, the Queensferry Crossing, and will provide a dedicated public transport crossing, remaining available as a diversionary route in the event the new bridge has
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Queensferry Crossing


enable use of the bridge in high winds, which regularly led to restrictions on the existing bridge. The bridge is the third crossing of the Forth at Queensferry, alongside the Forth Road Bridge, completed in 1964, and the Forth Bridge, a railway bridge completed in 1890. It is sited west of the road bridge, with the northern landfall at St Margaret's Hope, between Rosyth Dockyard and North Queensferry and the southern landfall just west of Port Edgar in South Queensferry. The central tower was constructed on the Beamer Rock
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Queensferry Crossing


Scottish Transport Minister Nicol Stephen commissioned a new study, which priced a second Forth Road Bridge at £300 million, in 2003. The Forth Estuary Transport Authority voiced support for a new bridge in 2005, and in 2006 the UK Transport Secretary, Alistair Darling, spoke in favour of the idea. In 2007, the Forth Replacement Crossing Study was commissioned by Transport Scotland to examine various options for new bridges or tunnels across the Forth. The report recommended adoption of a cable-stayed bridge, located to the west of the
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Forth Road Bridge


The Forth Road Bridge is a suspension bridge in east central Scotland. The bridge opened in 1964 and at the time was the largest suspension bridge in the world outside the USA. The bridge spans the Firth of Forth, connecting Edinburgh, at Queensferry, to Fife, at North Queensferry. It replaced a centuries-old ferry service to carry vehicular traffic, cyclists and pedestrians across the Forth; railway crossings are made by the nearby Forth Bridge, opened in 1890. The Scottish Parliament voted to scrap tolls on the bridge from
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Queensferry Crossing


, a small islet in the Forth. The project was known as the Forth Replacement Crossing, and a name for the new bridge was selected in a public vote in 2013 after a panel of independent advisers provided a shortlist of possible names. A short-list of five names were selected, these were Caledonia Bridge, Firth of Forth Crossing, Queensferry Crossing, Saltire Crossing and St Margaret's Crossing. A public vote was held up until 7 June 2013 and the Queensferry Crossing name received the most votes, with 12,039 (
15913858
Kincardine Bridge


The Kincardine Bridge is a road bridge crossing the Firth of Forth from Falkirk council area to Kincardine, Fife, Scotland. The bridge was constructed between 1932 and 1936, to a design by Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, Consulting Engineers, and Architect, Donald Watson. It was the first road crossing of the River Forth downstream of Stirling, completed nearly thirty years before the Forth Road Bridge, which stands to the south-east. The bridge was constructed with a swinging central section which remained in use until 1988, that
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Queensferry Crossing


The Queensferry Crossing (formerly the Forth Replacement Crossing) is a road bridge in Scotland. It was built alongside the existing Forth Road Bridge and carries the M90 motorway across the Firth of Forth between Edinburgh, at South Queensferry, and Fife, at North Queensferry. Proposals for a second Forth Road crossing were first put forward in the 1990s, but no action was taken until structural issues were discovered in 2004. In 2006-2007 Transport Scotland carried out a study to examine the options and in December 2007, the decision was
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Queensferry Crossing


three years to the day after she opened the adjacent Forth Road Bridge. A crossing route over the Forth had existed at the site since the eleventh century, when the queen of Scotland, Margaret, founded a free ferry to take pilgrims north to St Andrews. The site of the ferry crossing became the location of the Forth Road Bridge, which opened in 1964. Proposals for an additional road crossing at Queensferry were drawn up in the early 1990s, as part of the "Setting Forth" consultation document prepared by the Scottish
15913843
History of the Forth Crossing


The Firth of Forth was historically crossed by ferry until the opening of the Forth Bridge in 1890. It is possible that a boat bridge made of around 500 boats across the Forth could have been constructed by Septimius Severus and his son Caracalla during their campaign in Scotland . Divided in the middle by Inchgarvie, a bridge made of boats secured to long mooring ropes was within the capabilities of the Romans at the time, and with several tens of thousands of men campaigning north of the river such an investment may have been worthwhile.
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Queensferry Crossing


made to proceed with a replacement bridge. The following year it was announced that the existing bridge would be retained as a public transport link. The Forth Crossing Act received Royal Assent in January 2011. In April 2011, the Forth Crossing Bridge Constructors Consortium were awarded the contract and construction began in late Summer/Autumn of 2011. The Queensferry Crossing is a three-tower cable-stayed bridge, with an overall length of . Around of new connecting roads were built, including new and upgraded junctions at Ferrytoll in Fife,
15913841
Forth Estuary Transport Authority


The Forth Estuary Transport Authority (FETA) was the authority responsible for the maintenance of the Forth Road Bridge over the Firth of Forth in eastern central Scotland. FETA was created in 2001 by the Transport (Scotland) Act 2001 - to replace the Forth Road Bridge Joint Board. The Forth Estuary Transport Authority was formed in 2001, with a wider remit than the Forth Road Bridge Joint Board it replaced. It was able to fund road and public transport improvements to aide crossing the Firth of Forth, and its new powers permitted
4976218
Clackmannanshire Bridge


The Clackmannanshire Bridge is a road bridge over the Firth of Forth in Scotland which opened to traffic on 19 November 2008. Prior to 1 October 2008 the bridge was referred to as the upper Forth crossing while the name was chosen. The increasing levels of traffic using the existing Kincardine Bridge led to a public inquiry being held into options to ease traffic flow over the Forth and around the small town of Kincardine. The Kincardine Bridge was the main access across the river for heavy goods vehicles during stormy weather when the Forth Road Bridge
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River Forth


south opened in 1885 and was closed (and largely demolished) in 1970. Only the metal piers remain. The Clackmannanshire Bridge just upstream of the Kincardine Bridge opened on 19 November 2008. Much further downstream joining North Queensferry and South Queensferry is the famous Forth Bridge (a railway bridge) opened in 1890, and the Forth Road Bridge which opened in 1964. In 2011 construction began on the Queensferry Crossing, to the west of the Forth Road Bridge, which officially opened on 4 September 2017. Two islands known as inches
21164835
Edinburgh and Northern Railway


20 June 1887. The ferry crossing of the Firth of Forth continued to be a major barrier to the success of the North British Railway route to the north east of Scotland. The ferry crossing of the Firth of Forth continued to be a major barrier to the success of the North British Railway route to the north east of Scotland. The project to make a crossing near Queensferry gathered momentum, and in 1881 the Forth Bridge Railway Committee was established. When the bridge was constructed, the NBR contributed 35% of the cost
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Forth Road Bridge


day; the passenger ferry service continued without interruption for over 800 years. There were proposals as early as the 1740s for a road crossing at the site, although its viability was only considered after the Forth Bridge was built in 1890. The importance of the crossing for vehicular traffic was underpinned when the Great Britain road numbering scheme was drawn up in the 1920s. The planners wished the arterial A9 road to be routed across the Forth here, although the unwillingness to have a ferry crossing as part of this route led to the
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Mineral railways of Dunfermline


no Forth Bridge: the east and north of Fife were reached from Edinburgh by crossing the Firth of Forth by ferry to Burntisland. Alternatively, Perth could be reached by way of Falkirk, crossing the Forth at Stirling. During the planning and construction of the Forth Bridge, the North British Railway set about designing the network of lines needed to reach it directly. On the south side a new line was built from Saughton Junction to South Queensferry. On the north side the 1877 Dunfermline and Queensferry line led to the approaches to
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Forth Road Bridge


the Firth of Forth had also led to the construction of the Clackmannanshire Bridge adjacent to the existing Kincardine Bridge. This bridge opened in November 2008. Proposals for a second road crossing at Queensferry had been made in the 1990s, but were shelved, despite preliminary work on route selection. Following the discovery of potentially serious structural issues with the Forth Road Bridge in 2005 the proposals were revisited and plans advanced. The decision to proceed with a replacement bridge was taken at the end of 2007, and it was announced the following year
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Forth Bridge approach railways


a nominally independent subsidiary, the Forth Bridge Railway Company. As well as the North British Railway, the Great Northern Railway, the North Eastern Railway and the Midland Railway participated in the funding of the structure. The bridge was formally opened on 4 March 1890. The bridge crossed the Firth of Forth at Queensferry. As a major element in long-distance railways, the bridge would require appropriate connecting main line railways. The Parliamentary authority of a bridge at Queensferry had been given in 1873, although that was for a dual
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Forth Estuary Transport Authority


to be closed. The Scottish Government put out to tender a contract for the operation and maintenance of the existing road bridge and new Queensferry Crossing (the rail bridge remaining under the ownership and control of Network Rail). The successful bidder was Amey plc who would take over maintenance work in 2015. The Forth Bridges Operating Company (the legal title for the incoming private operator) inherited staff from the Forth Estuary Transport Authority, and transferred over under the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006. The Forth Bridges
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Forth Bridge approach railways


erection. The northern Forth Bridge approaches involved difficult engineering; the Inverkeithing station was resited, and the Forth Bridge approach line ran to the west of the North Queensferry line, running then through a 386 yard tunnel beneath Inverkeithing town. It then followed a shelf above the Inner Bay of Inverkeithing, then turning south-east, crossing the North Queensferry line on Jamestown Viaduct. Climbing at 1 in 70 the line now ran through North Queensferry Tunnel, 569 yards, joining to the immediate approaches of the Forth Bridge just south of
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Forth Road Bridge


and 800,000 vehicles. With the then newest and nearest bridge spanning the Forth (the Kincardine Bridge, built in 1936) still around upstream, the upsurge in demand for a road crossing between Edinburgh and Fife prompted the UK Government to establish the Forth Road Bridge Joint Board (FRBJB) by Act of Parliament in 1947 to oversee the implementation of a new bridge to replace the ferry service. The authorities on both sides investigated in 1955, and drew up an alternative scheme for a tunnel beneath the estuary. This was known as
14340105
Forth Bridge approach railways


The Forth Bridge approach railways were railway lines constructed in the period 1887 to 1890 to form new main lines on the opening of the Forth Railway Bridge. The Forth Bridge opened in 1890 at the Queensferry crossing, and only local branch lines approached the location. The North British Railway built new main lines and upgraded some existing lines. The increase in passenger traffic resulted in serious congestion at Edinburgh Waverley, which was extended and modernised in the years following 1890. In 1842 the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway opened its main line. It
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Forth Road Bridge


that the existing bridge would be retained as a public transport link. The Forth Crossing Act received Royal Assent in January 2011. Construction began in September 2011. The Queensferry Crossing is a cable-stayed bridge, with an overall length of . Around of new connecting roads were built, including new and upgraded junctions at Ferrytoll in Fife, South Queensferry, and Junction 1a on the M9. The new bridge continues the M90 motorway, (extending its southern terminus) from Admiralty to the M9 junction 1a (re-numbering the
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Queensferry Crossing


South Queensferry and Junction 1A on the M9. The bridge was first due to be completed by December 2016, but this deadline was extended to August 2017 after several delays. It is the third bridge across the Forth at Queensferry, alongside the Forth Road Bridge completed in 1964, and the Forth Bridge completed in 1890. Following a public vote, it was formally named on 26 June 2013 and opened to traffic on 30 August 2017. The official opening was carried out on 4 September 2017 by Queen Elizabeth II, fifty-
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Forth Bridge


Toner to design a bridge for the Forth, but the commission was given to Bouch around six months later. It had proven difficult to engineer a suspension bridge that was able to carry railway traffic, and Thomas Bouch, engineer to the North British Railway (NBR) and Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, was in 1863–1864 working on a single-track girder bridge crossing the Forth near Charlestown, where the river is around wide, but mostly relatively shallow. The promoters, however, were concerned about the ability to set foundations in
2007691
HMS Queen Elizabeth (R08)


the substantive rank of Commodore. Sea trials were planned beginning in March 2017 with delivery expected in May 2017, but technical issues delayed her trials. Prior to her departure from Rosyth, an extensive survey was carried out of the Firth of Forth by and 42 Regiment, Royal Engineers to gather information on the tides, the depth of the river bed, and the height of the three river crossings (Forth Bridge, Forth Road Bridge, and Queensferry Crossing). This was necessary as the most recent data available were 60 years
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Forth Bridge approach railways


officials were able to overtake the extra work without the general traffic being interrupted. Seeing the bridge itself was the objective for many people: Considerable disappointment was expressed by the excursionists on crossing the Forth Bridge, as they could not from the carriage windows command a proper view of the structure, and consequently a large number proceeded by train, boat and brakes to South Queensferry during the day. On 2 June 1890 the Forth Bridge and the new routes approaching it were ready for full operation, and the new timetable, taking advantage
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Forth Road Bridge


also be used for other traffic in special circumstances, such as roadworks on the Queensferry Crossing, as happened in late November 2017. At its peak, the Forth Road Bridge carried 65,000 vehicles per day. The first crossing at the site of the bridge was established in the 11th century by Margaret, queen consort of King Malcolm III, who founded a ferry service to transport religious pilgrims from Edinburgh to Dunfermline Abbey and St Andrews. Its creation gave rise to the port towns of Queensferry and North Queensferry, which remain to this
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North British Railway


a partnership with the Midland Railway. It also linked from Edinburgh to Perth and Dundee, but for many years the journey involved a ferry crossing of the Forth and the Tay. Eventually the North British built the Tay Bridge, but the structure collapsed as a train was crossing in high wind. The company survived the setback and opened a second Tay Bridge, followed soon by the Forth Bridge, which together transformed the railway network north of Edinburgh. Early on, mineral traffic became dominant and brought in much more revenue than the
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Corindi Beach, New South Wales


parents in Corindi. Corindi Creek Bridge Location decided for bridge over Redbank River 1886. Bridge location discussion. Bridge underconstruction May 1888. The bridge is completed by Mr Taylor in Sep 1888. Crossing of Corindi Creek location selection 1899. A preferred location at Cohen's 1899. Site for a bridge surveyed in 1910. The current concrete bridge on Coral Street was construction in 2006 after the timber bridge was condemned. Roads 1887 Tenders requested for road from Moonee Creek-Woolgoolga-Corindi. 1936 Pacific Highway to Pipeclay Beach Reserve emergency
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Queensferry Crossing


Junction 1a provides access from the M9 to the Forth Road Bridge via the M9 Spur. Originally, only east-facing connections were provided to the M9, forcing traffic heading west from the bridge onto the A904 through the village of Newton in West Lothian. The upgrade of the junction included new west-facing slip roads, enabling direct access onto the M9 from the Forth Road Bridge and the new crossing, as well as widening of the existing connections to assist the flow of traffic at peak times. The improvements were completed
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Forth Bridge


. The bridge has a speed limit of for high-speed trains and diesel multiple units, for ordinary passenger trains and for freight trains. The route availability code is RA8, but freight trains above a certain size must not pass each other on the bridge. Up to 190–200 trains per day crossed the bridge in 2006. "Painting the Forth Bridge" is a colloquial expression for a never-ending task, coined on the erroneous belief that at one time in the history of the bridge repainting was required and commenced immediately
2007737
Guides Infantry


crossed the Rohi Nullah on foot and entered the enemy territory on night 6/7 Sep 1965 and established a bridge head for the armoured division. After the launching of the division, the battalion was put under 21 Bde which was part of 11th Infantry Division. On 12 September the Guides Infantry and 5 Frontier Force captured the Indian town of Khem Karan. The battalion advanced up to Bhura Khana a small village in the north of the Khem Karan. On 17 Sep 1965 it was ordered to come back and take defence positions in front
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South Queensferry


Queensferry, also called South Queensferry or simply "The Ferry", is a town to the west of Edinburgh, Scotland, traditionally a royal burgh of West Lothian. It lies ten miles to the north-west of Edinburgh city centre, on the shore of the Firth of Forth between the Forth Bridge, Forth Road Bridge and the Queensferry Crossing. The prefix "South" serves to distinguish it from North Queensferry, on the opposite shore of the Forth. Both towns derive their name from the ferry service established by Queen
16302070
Stewart Stevenson


Legislative Consent Motion, previously known as Sewel Motions, on the subject of the UK Climate Change Bill. He was also the first SNP Minister to lose a vote in Parliament on the subject of the Edinburgh Trams project. As the Minister for Transport, he was involved with the progressing the legislation for the Forth Replacement Crossing, continuing a family association with Firth of Forth infrastructure projects. His great uncle, Sir Alexander Stevenson, was Chairman of the Forth Road Bridge Campaign Committee in the 1930s; the Forth Road Bridge opened in
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Kincardine-on-Forth


point of the Firth of Forth between the Queensferry Crossing and Stirling. Kincardine Bridge used to be a swing bridge and opened to large ships, but this was closed in a final ceremony in 1988. The bridge had seven spans made of steel. There was a large control room at the top of the bridge, this used to be manned to allow the operators to open the bridge to large ships and river traffic. In 2005, it was given Category A listed status by Historic Scotland. During the last several decades,
22156136
List of tallest buildings and structures in Edinburgh


This list of the tallest buildings and structures in Edinburgh ranks buildings in the Scottish city of Edinburgh by height. There are few high-rise buildings in Edinburgh. The tallest buildings in the city are churches and suburban tower blocks. The administrative area of Edinburgh includes the three bridges across the Firth of Forth to the north-east of the city (the Queensferry Crossing, Forth Road Bridge and Forth Bridge), which are all taller than any building in the city itself. This list ranks externally complete Edinburgh buildings and free
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Forth Estuary Transport Authority


cables on the Forth Bridge. The rate of corrosion and weakening of the main cables would have required the bridge to close to HGV traffic some time around 2014 and then close to all traffic by 2019, so plans were drawn up to build a replacement crossing, to run parallel to the existing road bridge between Lothian and Fife. Dehumidification equipment was installed to remove moisture from the inside of the main suspension cables, in an attempt to slow or halt the corrosion, but with no guarantee of success, the Forth Estuary Transport
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Armoured vehicle-launched bridge


current main battle tank chassis. An example of a modern main battle tank (MBT) chassis being converted to a bridgelayer is the creation of the M104 Wolverine Armored Bridgelayer. Based on a modified M1A2 SEP MBT chassis, the Wolverine replaces the MBT turret with a bridge fitted atop the chassis. The bridge atop the M104 Wolverine measures 26m in length, and taking just 4 minutes to place across an obstacle securely. The bridge is built to be able to withstand countless crossings of vehicles as heavy as the M1A2 Abrams,
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Fife


has to pass over one of four bridges, south on the Forth Road Bridge (public transport and cyclists only) and Queensferry Crossing, west on the Kincardine Bridge or north-east via the Tay Road Bridge, the exception being traffic headed north on the M90. Tolls were abolished on the Tay Road Bridge and Forth Road Bridge on 11 February 2008. There are extinct volcanic features, such as the Lomond Hills which rise above rolling farmland, and Largo Law, a volcanic plug in the east. At , the West
3606940
LNER Class A4 4488 Union of South Africa


, the locomotive left its Markinch base for the last time albeit on the back of a low loader bound for Bridgnorth and repairs. Its route took it over the Forth Road Bridge and in doing so became the only steam loco to cross both the Forth Bridge and the adjacent Forth Road Bridge. After a repair in January 2007, it left the Severn Valley Railway and went to Crewe for fitment of on-train monitoring recorder (OTMR) equipment. In April 2007 it returned home to Scotland, with the Railway Touring Company
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Dunfermline and Queensferry Railway


1890 the Forth Bridge opened. Main line and local traffic could cross the Firth of Forth by the bridge, and ferry alternatives were immediately closed. The Dunfermline and Queensferry line continued in use, but was now a minor branch line. The approach to the Forth Bridge from Dunfermline used the original Dunfermline and Queensferry Railway route as far as Inverkeithing, and this was now converted to double track. A short connection off the Queensferry line to Rosyth Dockyard was opened on 1 January 1918, during World War I. Twenty trains daily ran
7636862
Patrick Matthew


along the south bank of the Tay as far as Newburgh, where the D&P would cross to the north bank, and the E&N leave the Tay and head south to a ferry crossing of the Forth. Matthew had been in a very small minority supporting this, and the D&P as built crossed the Tay at Perth. In 1864, when a bridge crossing the Tay at Dundee was proposed, Matthew urged that a bridge at Newburgh was preferable to a bridge at Dundee, a Newburgh bridge giving much the same reduction in the
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Queensferry Crossing


of 37,000) votes (32%) in a public poll. Several new and upgraded roads connect the bridge into the existing road network with around of new roads to be constructed. These new roads will join the M9 and M90 motorways together for the first time, with the Queensferry Crossing being built to motorway standard in order to carry the M90 across the Forth. The M90 motorway terminates at Admiralty Junction, around north of the current Forth Road Bridge, with the road continuing as all-purpose dual carriageway across the existing
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Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway


used the route to Polmont and Carmuirs, joining the Scottish Central Railway there, although the Edinburgh and Northern Railway route, involving two ferry crossings was available from 1847, and the NBR opened a route from Ratho to South Queensferry in 1866, enabling a crossing of the Firth of Forth by ferry there. The northwards routes were greatly simplified when the Forth Bridge was opened in 1890. A more direct route from Edinburgh to Dalmeny, at the south end of the bridge, was provided as part of the work; it left
2719347
River Carron, Forth


Just as the M9 motorway crosses the river, the Forth and Clyde canal joins the river. It then flows into the Forth near Grangemouth. The tributary water sources are: Carron Valley Reservoir, Avon Burn, Earl’s Burn, Auchenbowie Burn, Loch Coulter Reservoir, Bonny Water, Glencryan Burn, Red Burn, Union Canal and the Forth and Clyde Canal. The Carron Bridge crosses the Carron at the eastern extremity of Strathcarron Forest. It was built in 1695 to replace a ford that had existed for many hundreds of years
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North Queensferry


North Queensferry is a village in Fife, Scotland, situated on the Firth of Forth where the Forth Bridge the Forth Road Bridge, and the Queensferry Crossing all meet the Fife coast, some from the centre of Edinburgh. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 1,076. It is the southernmost settlement in Fife. The Scottish Gaelic name "Taobh a Tuath Chas Chaolais" means "[the] Northern Side of [the] Steep Strait". The name "Cas Chaolas" (Steep Strait)
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Forth Road Bridge


February 2008. By that time, the bridge was carrying traffic considerably in excess of its design capacity, and a parallel replacement was later built. On 5 September 2017, all traffic was transferred to the new Queensferry Crossing. This allowed the Forth Road Bridge to be closed for repairs and also for realignment work on the approach roads to enable its new role as a "public transport corridor"; it was re-opened, for buses, taxis, cyclists and pedestrians only, from 1 February 2018. The bridge can
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Forth Bridge approach railways


suspension bridge designed by Bouch. Obviously that could not proceed; nonetheless from 1873 the North British Railway must have been planning how it would arrange routes to lead to a bridge at Queensferry. The present Forth Bridge was authorised by Parliament in 1882. Queensferry was the location of a historic ferry crossing, and the ferry was rail connected in 1877 to give Dunfermline a better connection to Edinburgh. On the southern shore there was a branch to Port Edgar (for the ferry) from Ratho, on the Edinburgh and Glasgow line.
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Forth Bridge approach railways


. For the time being only the Dunfermline local passenger trains and some mineral trains used the bridge. Although for the time being no main line trains used the bridge, a number of excursions used it: Yesterday [14 April 1890] the first passenger trains to cross the Forth Bridge from Dundee to Edinburgh were run from the Tay Bridge station. The North British Company offered special facilities to the public, and nearly 2000 people applied for tickets. Although three specials had to be despatched in addition to the ordinary trains, the
9019529
Bainsford


Bainsford is a small village within the Falkirk council area of Scotland. The village is situated in the Forth Valley, north of the town of Falkirk. It is positioned between the River Carron and the Forth and Clyde Canal to the north and south respectively. The main road through the village is the B902 road which connects the village with Carron and Falkirk. Bainsford has a population of just over 3,000 residents according to a 2009 estimate. The bridge crossing the Forth and Clyde Canal at Bainsford was originally a bascule bridge. In
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Kincardine-on-Forth


Kincardine (; ) or Kincardine-on-Forth is a small town on the north shore of the Firth of Forth, in Fife, Scotland. The town was given the status of a burgh of barony in 1663. It was at one time a reasonably prosperous minor port. The townscape retains many good examples of Scottish vernacular buildings from the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries, although it was greatly altered during the construction of Kincardine Bridge in 1932–1936. Kincardine Bridge runs south from Kincardine. It is the main crossing-
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River Forth


is rather small and is crossed in numerous places (although prior to modern drainage works, the ground was often treacherously marshy near the riverbank). After its confluence with the Teith and Allan, the river is sufficiently wide that a significant bridge is required. A bridge has existed at Stirling since at least the 13th century, and until the opening of the road crossing at Kincardine in 1936, Stirling remained the easternmost road crossing. The Alloa Swing Bridge, a railway bridge between Alloa on the north shore and Throsk on the
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Forth Bridge


not expected to need repainting for at least 20 years. The top coat can be reapplied indefinitely, minimising future maintenance work. In a report produced by JE Jacobs, Grant Thornton and Faber Maunsell in 2007 which reviewed the alternative options for a second road crossing, it was stated that "Network Rail has estimated the life of the bridge to be in excess of 100 years. However, this is dependant upon NR's inspection and refurbishment works programme for the bridge being carried out year on year". The Forth Bridge has
2007741
William Henry Barlow


a-mile in the bridge. His reputation destroyed, Bouch died in October 1880. Work on the suspension bridge he had designed to cross the Firth of Forth was stopped after the Tay Bridge collapse and Barlow, Sir John Fowler and Thomas Elliot Harrison, consultant engineers for the three railway companies involved in the construction, were asked to choose a replacement design. The solution was the cantilevered Forth Bridge by Fowler and Sir Benjamin Baker. In 1881 Barlow sat as member of the Wind Pressure (Railway Structures) Commission established at
7520207
Erskine Bridge


The Erskine Bridge is a multi span cable-stayed box girder bridge spanning the River Clyde in west central Scotland. The bridge connects West Dunbartonshire with Renfrewshire and can be used by all types of motor vehicles, cyclists and pedestrians. As well as crossing the Clyde, the bridge also crosses the Forth and Clyde Canal and the North Clyde railway line. A small part of Kilpatrick railway station is situated underneath the bridge at the north side. The bridge is part of the A898 road. On completion the bridge replaced the Erskine
21304207
Newton, West Lothian


Newton or (The Newton) is a small village in the county of West Lothian, Scotland. It lies on the A904 trunk road west of South Queensferry and the Forth Road Bridge and east of Linlithgow. All road traffic travelling west from the Forth Road Bridge currently has to pass through the village in order to gain access to the M9 Motorway although this was set to change under proposals to upgrade M9 Junction 1a as part of the Forth Replacement Crossing scheme by 2013. The village's location serves it well as a commuter
11650481
Seaway International Bridge


. It was announced in 2010 that the Government of Canada would be going forth with this project that would involve the construction of a new low-level bridge as well as the demolition of the Seaway International Bridge to ensure the longevity of the border crossing, assuring that the former bridge was still in safe driving condition. The high-level Seaway International Bridge was completely demolished in 2015. At the opening ceremony of the new bridge the first person to make the crossing was Raymonde Champagne, who was also the first person to
9146708
Battle of Stirling Bridge


cross at the same time. Hugh de Cressingham, King Edward's treasurer in Scotland, persuaded the Earl to reject this advice and order a direct attack across the bridge. The small bridge was broad enough to let only two horsemen cross abreast, but offered the safest river crossing, as the Forth widened to the east and the marshland of Flanders Moss lay to the west. The Scots waited as the English knights and infantry made their slow progress across the bridge on the morning of 11 September. It would have taken several
1277858
North British Railway


to connect Edinburgh and Glasgow more directly to the bridge. On 4 March 1890 the Forth Bridge was opened. Until that date the NBR had conveyed passengers and goods into Fife by ferry across the Firth of Forth. The opening of the bridge transformed the railway geography of Fife and the Lothians, but the North British Railway had been slow in forming the approach railways to serve the new crossing, and at first only local trains could use it. FUll opening was delayed until 2 June 1890, when the new line from Corstorphine
14547658
Michael Martin (engineer)


was asked to represent the company on the board of the Forth Crossing Bridge Constructors (FCBC) joint venture (Galliford Try were working in conjunction with American Bridge, Hochtief and Dragados) working to construct the £1.4 billion Queensferry Crossing. Two years later the FCBC project director (Hochtief's Carlo Germani) resigned to work in Qatar and Martin was asked to become his replacement. The bridge construction involved more than 15,000 workers, of whom up to 1,500 were on site at any one time. The crossing is the largest three
17507942
Scotland


of the network are electrified, but there are no electrified lines in the Highlands, Angus, Aberdeenshire, the cities of Dundee or Aberdeen, or Perth & Kinross, and none of the islands has a rail link (although the railheads at Kyle of Lochalsh and Mallaig principally serve the islands). The East Coast Main Line crosses the Firth of Forth by the Forth Bridge. Completed in 1890, this cantilever bridge has been described as "the one internationally recognised Scottish landmark". Scotland's rail network is managed by Transport
7191928
Queensferry Crossing


will be numbered Junction 1B of the M90 following completion of the Queensferry Crossing. The M90 will be extended west from the current bridge access at Ferry Muir, wrapping around South Queensferry to the southern landfall of the new crossing. A grade-separated junction will be built on the A904 just west of Echline, at the south-west edge. The existing access from the Forth Road Bridge to the A90 will remain open to public transport. South Queensferry Junction will become Junction 1A of the M90 when the Queensferry Crossing opens.
15913861
Quarrier's Village


village. Quarrier's Village lies within the moorland of the Gryffe Valley immediately south of the River Gryffe. The settlement is bisected by the Gotter Water, a tributary of the Gryffe, with the majority of the village standing on its north bank. A number of both vehicle and footbridges cross the Gotter Water within the village whilst the Gryffe is crossed by a road bridge, Craigends Bridge, at the edge of the settlement, and a two pedestrian bridges. One of these footbridges over the Gryffe links the community with the Forth
7719207
North Queensferry


far side of West Bay, was the terminus of the new Dunfermline-North Queensferry Railway which opened in 1877. The Railway Pier was used as one of the northern ferry terminals from 1877 to 1890, and in 1920 it replaced the old Town Pier. The ferry's importance diminished during the 19th century, with an alternative ferry crossing operating for a while between Burntisland and Granton. By the 1870s there was an increasing call for a bridge to be built over the Forth. The idea of a bridge across the Forth had
15515394
Forth Bridge approach railways


north of the Tay and in the central belt and to Carlisle, while the North British Railway had a near-monopoly in Fife, rich in mineral resources, and also from Edinburgh to Berwick where it connected with partner railways in England. The North British sought to extend northwards, and to create its own route beyond Dundee to Aberdeen, but the two ferry crossings, of the Forth and the Tay, were a major limitation in addition to the competitive tactics of the rival Caledonian Railway. Construction of bridges over both the
9019494
Patrick Matthew


rail distance between Dundee and the Forth ferry-ports from which passengers could cross to Edinburgh as a bridge at Dundee but doing so by a shorter (and therefore cheaper) crossing of the Tay. He argued the costs of a Dundee bridge were being grossly under-estimated: "To erect a substantial bridge, not a flimsy spectral thing, which might or not vanish as a phantom the first storm, or break down under the vibration caused by a heavy, rapid, moving train, would, in my opinion cost
10193139
Forth and Clyde Junction Railway


Leven dyeworks eastbound, was to be dominant. Construction was relatively straightforward; the line was built as a single line, although land was acquired for subsequent doubling. There were two major river crossings, of the Leven and the Endrick. The Leven bridge was a large timber viaduct, probably one of the last wooden bridges to be built in Scotland. (It had to be replaced by a metal bridge after about twenty years.) The Endrick crossing was a long low timber trestle. The line opened in two stages:
16491976
Neptune's Staircase


for eight locks. On the Forth and Clyde Canal, low level crossings were carried over the canal by bascule bridges, but Telford and Jessop rejected this arrangement for their canal, as they thought the risk of masts being damaged by them was too great. Consequently, cast iron swing bridges were used, and both the road and the railway at the foot of the flight cross bridges of this type. To provide rubble-stone to build the locks, a quarry was opened at Corpach Moss. By June 1809, three
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Queensferry Crossing


bridge and joining the M9 via the M9 Spur. Admiralty Junction, the present Junction 1 of the M90 motorway will be unaltered, with the exception of a bus lane to be added on the southbound carriageway. The junction will be renumbered to Junction 1C of the M90 when the Queensferry Crossing opens. Ferrytoll Junction will be redesigned to give access to the new crossing and to maintain public transport access to the Forth Road Bridge. The design of the new junction requires the realignment of the B981 road to North Queensferry. Ferrytoll Junction
15913860
Edinburgh and Northern Railway


and the North British Railway set about provided a better alternative; this involved a new branch line leaving the Berwick line east of Edinburgh near Abbeyhill and rejoining the line to Granton near Trinity. This opened for traffic on 2 March 1868. Bridging the Forth was an essential first step, and with engineering expertise provided by Thomas Bouch, and design was provided and work started. the location was not at Queensferry where the present-day Forth Bridge stands, but about 3 miles (5 km) west of that location, crossing
16339322
Forth and Clyde Canal


. A branch to Port Dundas was built to secure the agreement and financial support of Glasgow merchants who feared losing business if the canal bypassed them completely. This branch flows past Murano Street Student Village, halls of residence for the University of Glasgow. A bridge crossing the canal to the halls has been colourfully nicknamed "Stabby Bridge" by students. The western end of the canal connects to the River Clyde at Bowling. In 1840, a 0.5 mile (0.8 km) canal, the Forth and Cart Canal was built to
18703501
Glasgow Bridge, Kirkintilloch


Glasgow Bridge is the site of a road bridge over the Forth and Clyde Canal; it is also the site of a Roman fortlet, on the Antonine Wall, half way between the Roman forts at Kirkintilloch and Cadder. The road bridge was built as a swing bridge. It now allows road users on the A803 to cross the canal. The bridge links cadder and Kirkintilloch and has undergone repairs over the years. When the canal was closed the water at the bridge was put through a culvert. The bridge in was reinstated
10450903
White Cart Bridge


to make the crossing. It was replaced by the lift bridge in 1923. The name "swing bridge" has remained locally even though the bridge lifts, rather than swings. The bridge was designed by Scottish civil engineer Sir William Arrol. His company William Arrol & Co built some of the most famous bridges in the United Kingdom including the Forth Bridge and Tower Bridge. They were responsible for the construction of the bridge at Renfrew. In August 2004, a £1m restoration project in connection with Historic Scotland took place
4386335
History of the Forth Crossing


Whilst there is no evidence of such a bridge being built at Queensferry, the Romans are known to have built such bridges elsewhere. A regular service is known to have crossed at Queensferry as early as the 12th century, using a series of natural rock landings west of Queensferry Harbour. Small permanent structures existed at both sides of the crossing by 1710, but by 1760 these were considered inadequate for the most trafficked ferry passage in Scotland. A 1772 petition to the Forfeited Estates Commission from an unknown engineer requested for improvements, who
4013399
NBR 224 and 420 Classes


route, but were used on the local trains, which were lighter than the through trains from England. Until the opening of the Forth Bridge in 1890, passengers from Edinburgh to Dundee would cross the Firth of Forth by a ferry from Granton which connected with trains at Burntisland. Further north, the Firth of Tay had been bridged in 1878, and trains could travel through from to and onward to . On 28 December 1879, the regular engine for the 1.30 p.m. mail train from Dundee to Burntisland (no. 89 "
933666
Inchgarvie


Inchgarvie or Inch Garvie is a small, uninhabited island in the Firth of Forth. Its name comes from "Innis Garbhach" which is Scottish Gaelic for "rough island". On the rocks around the island sit four caissons that make up the foundations of the Forth Bridge. Inchgarvie’s fortifications pre-date the modern period. In the days when boats were the only way to cross the Firth of Forth, the island was on the main route between North Queensferry in Fife and South Queensferry in Lothian. This made it
5645189
Railways of Kinross


, there would be train ferries across the Forth. In 1867 nothing had been done and the Company had to ask for authority for extra time to build the line; meanwhile shareholders were becoming concerned about the financial commitment to numerous new construction schemes, and the project was dropped. The scheme was revived during the preparation for the construction of the Forth Bridge. It was obvious that this would fundamentally change traffic patterns: NBR traffic was still crossing the Firth of Forth by ferry steamer. As well as the immediate approach railways at
6310683
Forth Road Bridge


A90 number being assigned instead. There was more lobbying for a road crossing in the 1920s and 1930s, when the only vehicle crossing was a single passenger and vehicle ferry. Sir William Denny championed the expansion of that service in the 1930s, providing and operating on behalf of the London and North Eastern Railway two additional ferries to supplement the nearby railway bridge. Due to their success, two more ferry boats were added in the 1940s and 1950s, by which time the ferries were making 40,000 crossings annually, carrying 1.5 million passengers
14340104
Scottish Central Railway


August 1879 an independent Alloa Railway was authorised by Parliament to build a railway to connect South Alloa to Alloa itself. Fourteen months after incorporation, the Alloa Railway was absorbed by the Caledonian Railway. The new line was to leave the South Alloa branch at Dunmore Junction and cross the Forth by a new viaduct, 1,704 feet in length. When opened it was the largest railway bridge in Scotland, and the lowest crossing point on the Forth. There were 19 fixed spans and a swing section providing two 60 feet long navigation openings
5774752
Centre of Scotland


, they built the first stone bridge over the Forth. On the top they reportedly raised a crucifix with the inscription: "Anglos, a Scotis separat, crux ista remotis; Arma hic stant Bruti; stant Scoti hac sub cruce tuti." It may be the stone cross was a tripoint for the three kingdom's borders or marches. In this way the stone cross in the centre of Stirling Bridge was the heart of Scotland. The centre of the Central Belt may also be a point of interest. The Heart of
13615714
HMS Forth (1813)


From June 1813 to 1815 "Forth" came under the command of Captain Sir William Bolton in The Downs and later in the year off the Scheldt, with a spell under Sir Edward Codrington in 1814-1815. During service off North America in the War of 1812 under Captain Bolton, the American privateer brig "Regent" was captured on 19 Sep 1914 in Little Egg Harbor. From February 1816 until July 1819 "Forth" came under the command of Admiral Sir John Louis, 2nd Baronet, after undergoing a refitting first
13958069
Erskine Bridge


50 pre-paid crossing vouchers. Fire and police vehicles, ambulances, maintenance vehicles, and vehicles displaying disabled badges were exempt. The bridge was one of only three toll bridges left in Scotland when the tolls were abolished. The others were the Forth Road Bridge and the Tay Road Bridge. The tolls were abolished on those bridges on 11 February 2008. The bridge had collected £72 million in tolls by 2001 and collected £5.676m in the last operating year. Its current traffic levels are estimated at 35,000 vehicles per
21304218
Lake Seppings


built along the western side of the lake. A car park for access to the path is located along Golf Links Road. Lake Seppings is approximately in length (from north to south) and the north end is approximately in width. The lake narrows toward the southern end and the path crosses the lake approximately before the southern tip. The lake is situated in the Lake Seppings nature reserve that has a total area of . Lake Seppings is regarded as an excellent place for bird watching, particularly for water-birds. Over
21052755
Dean Bridge


The Dean Bridge spans the Water of Leith in the city of Edinburgh on the A90 road to Queensferry on the Firth of Forth. It carries the roadway, long and broad, on four arches rising above the river. The bridge was one of the last major works before retirement of the bridge designer, civil engineer Thomas Telford, and was completed in 1831 when he was seventy-three years old. Before the bridge was built the river had been crossed since medieval times at a ford, later by a single-arch
10466524
Forth Bridge


Forth Bridge Railway Company was named in the Transport Act 1947 as one of the bodies to be nationalised and so became part of British Railways on 1 January 1948. Under the Act, Forth Bridge shareholders would receive £109 of British Transport stock for each £100 of Forth Bridge Debenture stock; and £104-17-6d (£104.87½) of British Transport stock for each £100 of Forth Bridge Ordinary stock. As of April 2017, the bridge and its associated railway infrastructure are owned by Network Rail Infrastructure Limited
2007736
Callander and Oban Railway


to the Forth Bridge in length of the main span, and it was the largest single-span steel bridge in Britain. The route approved north of the bridge was later changed substantially, and a hotel was built at Loch Creran to serve a proposed station there; the hotel was never opened as the railway as built did not go there. The capital was to be £210,000 of which the Caledonian Railway agreed to fund £15,000. The Connel Bridge crossed the channel where a rapid rip ran at ebb tide, and
14076815
Forth Bridge


, which between them owned the route between and London (King's Cross), via . This body undertook to construct and maintain the bridge. In 1882 the NBR were given powers to purchase the bridge, which it never exercised. At the time of the 1923 Grouping, the bridge was still jointly owned by the same four railways, and so it became jointly owned by these companies' successors, the London Midland and Scottish Railway (30%) and the London and North Eastern Railway (70%). The
2007735
Queensferry Crossing


to public-private partnership funding for major public-sector schemes. However, the Scottish Government announced in December 2008 that public funding would be used. As part of the Scottish Government's Strategic Transport Projects Review, the new Forth crossing was priced at between £1.72 billion and £2.34 billion. Under the revised scheme, the existing bridge will be retained for public transport, cyclists and pedestrians, and the new bridge was to be operational by 2016. A joint venture between consultancies Arup and Jacobs was appointed as project manager
15913849
Skye Bridge


, the partnership estimated it would cost around £15 million, although delays and design changes added significantly to the cost (to around £25 million, by the BBC's estimate). The tolls charged by the bridge concessionaire, Skye Bridge Ltd., were particularly unpopular. By 2004 a round trip cost visitors £11.40, fourteen times the round trip price charged by the Forth Road Bridge, a crossing over twice the length. Protesters claimed the toll made it the most expensive road in Europe. While the Skye bridge was
14037140
Forth Bridge


made several crossings. The bridge was opened on 4 March 1890 by the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, who drove home the last rivet, which was gold plated and suitably inscribed. The key for the official opening was made by Edinburgh silversmith John Finlayson Bain, commemorated in a plaque on the bridge. When it opened it had the longest single cantilever bridge span in the world, until 1919 when the Quebec Bridge in Canada was completed. It continues to be the world's second-longest single cantilever span
2007723
Forth Bridge


The Forth Bridge is a cantilever railway bridge across the Firth of Forth in the east of Scotland, west of Edinburgh City Centre. It is considered as a symbol of Scotland (having been voted Scotland's greatest man-made wonder in 2016), and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was designed by the English engineers Sir John Fowler and Sir Benjamin Baker. It is sometimes referred to as the Forth Rail Bridge (to distinguish it from the adjacent Forth Road Bridge), although this has never been its official
2007687
North British Railway


Railway north from Kinnaber, and as yet there was no Forth Bridge. At the time of the fall of the first Tay Bridge, plans for the Forth Bridge were well advanced. Thomas Bouch had been responsible for both designs, and as his culpability in the fall of the Tay Bridge became exposed, the work on the Forth Bridge was suspended. A search for a new design was agreed upon, and the cost of the work was to be shared. The Forth Bridge Railway Company would construct the bridge, and the
14547656
Severn Bridge


the contract was awarded to Mott, Hay and Anderson, with Freeman Fox and Partners. The public inquiry into the scheme was held on 24 September 1946 at Bristol University. Because Government funding was prioritised for the similar Forth Road Bridge (opened in 1964), construction of the Severn Bridge was not started until 1961: the UK government announced in 1962 that construction costs would be "recovered" by means of a toll of 2s 6d (£0.125) on all vehicle crossings, though walking or cycling across the bridge would
1187371
Andrew Moray


of the River Forth close to the old bridge at Stirling and under the shadow of Stirling Castle. Surrey's conduct of the ensuing battle, characterized by his arrogant and unimaginative adherence to chivalric convention, was inept. He sent the vanguard of his army across the narrow bridge under the Scots’ gaze, who, rather than wait myopically for the entire army to cross the bridge and deploy for battle, struck when it was only partially deployed. In the ensuing carnage of the Battle of Stirling Bridge, Surrey's isolated vanguard
13846367
Connel Ferry railway station


the Down Main line. A turntable was provided in the goods yard for turning the branch line locomotives. A short distance beyond the junction, the branch line spanned Loch Etive by means of Connel Bridge, a cantilever bridge with a span length that was at the time second only to the Forth Bridge. In 1940, additional sidings were laid in on the south side of the station for the wartime traffic, these being removed in 1948. Prior to closure of the Ballachulish branch 1966 both trains and vehicles crossed the bridge.
789050
Battle of Stirling Bridge


with an army from Wicker to relieve Dundee. The town of Stirling was the key entry point to the north of Scotland. The 6th Earl of Surrey arrived with his supporters at the narrow, wooden bridge over the River Forth near Stirling Castle and determined that he would be at a tactical disadvantage if he attempted to take his main force across there. So he delayed crossing for several days to allow for negotiations, and to reconnoiter the area. On 10 September Warenne gave orders to cross the river the next day. At
1277856
Skye Bridge


coast. A ferry service operated from around 1600, run by private operators and latterly by Caledonian MacBrayne. Road and rail connections to Kyle of Lochalsh were constructed towards the end of the 19th century and various parties proposed building a bridge to the island. Although the engineering task was well within the capability of the age (the crossing is shorter and shallower than that bridged by the Forth Bridge), the island's remoteness and small population meant that the cost could not be justified. By 1971 the two 28-car ferries carried more
14037135
Forth Road Bridge


and bridgemaster at FETA. Lesley Hinds, FETA's former convener, pointed out that the bridge budget had been cut by 58% in 2011, while senior staff at FETA had "deep concerns" about the transfer of bridge management to a private company. A programme of work is scheduled to take place in 2019 to replace expansion joints in both towers along with replacing the truss end links. Plans to replace these joints were postponed by the bridge management following the Scottish Government's commitment to the construction of the Queensferry Crossing;
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