Newark Bay [SEP] mouth of the watercourse
[{"answer": "Upper New York Bay", "provenance": [{"wikipedia_id": "430939", "title": "Newark Bay", "start_paragraph_id": 4, "start_character": 139, "end_paragraph_id": 4, "end_character": 244, "bleu_score": 1.0, "meta": {}, "section": "Section::::Geography.\n"}]}]
Discovery Bay, Washington


Peninsula of Washington state. The bay enters the Strait of Juan de Fuca between the Miller and Quimper peninsulas. The bay's mouth is just south of Protection Island, a small federally protected nature preserve. Discovery Bay is in length, and wide at its mouth. Its primary inlet is Snow Creek at the south end of the bay, and other small watercourses feed the bay on its east and west sides. The community of Discovery Bay is an area near the intersection of U.S. Route 101 and State Route 20, at
9005206
Newark and New York Railroad


The Newark and New York Railroad was a passenger rail line that ran between Downtown Newark and the Communipaw Terminal at the mouth of the North River (Hudson River) in Jersey City, bridging the Hackensack River and Passaic River just north of their mouths at the Newark Bay in northeastern New Jersey. The Central Railroad of New Jersey operated it from its opening in 1869. Through operation ended in 1946; portions remained in use until 1967. Opened on July 23, 1869 and operated by the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ
3745046
PD Draw


The PD Draw is a partially dismantled railroad bridge on the Passaic River between Newark and Kearny in the US state of New Jersey. It was built as part of Central Railroad of New Jersey branch known as the Newark and New York Railroad. The swing bridge is the first crossing upstream from Newark Bay at mile point 1.2. At the north end of the bay at Kearny Point, the mouths of both the Passaic and the Hackensack River meet at the tip of a peninsula once known as New Barbadoes Neck. In order to
11010699
List of watercourses in the San Francisco Bay Area


numbered clockwise from Monticello Dam: Watercourses which feed into Suisun Bay and Grizzly Bay, listed clockwise from Benicia to Martinez: "For tributaries of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, see List of rivers in California." Watercourses which feed into the Carquinez Strait or San Pablo Bay between the Benicia-Martinez Bridge and Point San Pablo, numbered east to west: Watercourses which feed into the east shore of San Francisco Bay between Point San Pablo and the Bay Bridge, numbered north to south: Watercourses which feed into the east
12372269
List of watercourses in the San Francisco Bay Area


shore of San Francisco Bay between the Bay Bridge and the San Mateo–Hayward Bridge, numbered from north to south: Watercourses which feed into the east shore of San Francisco Bay between the San Mateo–Hayward Bridge and the Dumbarton Bridge, listed north to south: Watercourses which feed into the San Francisco Bay south of the Dumbarton Bridge, listed clockwise: Watercourses which feed into the west shore of San Francisco Bay between the Dumbarton Bridge and the Golden Gate, listed south to north: Watercourses which feed into the Pacific Ocean
12372270
Newark Drawbridge


The Newark Drawbridge, also known as the Morristown Line Bridge, is a railroad bridge on the Passaic River between Newark and Harrison, New Jersey. The swing bridge is the 11th bridge from the river's mouth at Newark Bay and is upstream from it. Opened in 1903, it is owned and operated by New Jersey Transit. Rail service across the river was generally oriented to bringing passengers and freight from the points west over the Hackensack Meadows to Bergen Hill, where tunnels and cuts provided access to terminals on the Hudson River
16108252
Clay Street Bridge


The Clay Street Bridge is a bridge on the Passaic River between Newark and East Newark, New Jersey. The swing bridge is the 13th bridge from the river's mouth at Newark Bay and is upstream from it. Opened in 1903, the Warren through truss rim-bearing bridge was substantially rehabilitated in 1975-1976, its original working parts are now part of the collection of the Newark Museum. It is listed on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places (ID#5153) and is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places
16623950
San Rafael Creek


San Rafael Creek is a watercourse in Marin County, California, United States that discharges to San Rafael Bay, a small embayment of the San Francisco Bay. The mouth of San Rafael Creek is a channelized estuary through an industrial area. San Rafael Creek has a designation under Federal Law Section 303(d) as impaired by diazinon, the principal pollutant causing impairment designations for streams discharging to San Pablo Bay, which is the northern arm of San Francisco Bay. In September 2007, the organization Save The Bay designated San Rafael Creek as
13617662
List of watercourses in the San Francisco Bay Area


, numbered north to south: Watercourses which feed into Bolinas Lagoon, numbered clockwise from Bolinas to Stinson Beach: Watercourses which feed into the Pacific Ocean between Stinson Beach and the Golden Gate, numbered north to south: Watercourses which feed into San Francisco Bay and its tributary bays between the Golden Gate and Point San Pedro, numbered south to north: Watercourses which feed into San Pablo Bay or the Carquinez Strait between Point San Pedro and the Benicia-Martinez Bridge, numbered west to east: Watercourses which feed into Lake Berryessa,
12372268
Burpengary Creek


Burpengary Creek is a watercourse in Moreton Bay Region, Queensland, Australia. It has a total catchment area of 7,960 hectares. It is about 40 kilometres north of Brisbane, The Burpengary Creek catchment forms part of the larger Deception Bay catchment and encompasses two distinctive creeks–Little Burpengary Creek (6,360ha) and Burpengary Creek (6, 360ha). These creeks flow into Deception Bay just south of the mouth of Caboolture River, which is itself south of Bribie Island. Burpengary Creek begins in the D’Aguilar Ranges at a
18572296
NX Bridge


The NX Draw (sometimes colloquially known the "Annie Bridge") is an out-of-service railroad bridge on the Passaic River between Newark and Kearny, New Jersey. It is the 13th bridge from the river's mouth at Newark Bay and is upstream from it. The bascule bridge (sometimes called a jackknife bridge), built by the Erie Railroad and once part of its Newark Branch, has been abandoned in the raised position. The lower of the long Passaic River downstream of the Dundee Dam is tidally influenced
9057674
San Diego Creek


century, the watershed was used for agriculture. Increased runoff from farmlands resulted in extensive erosion, which led to the creation of a stream channel that ran northwestwards into the Santa Ana River channel and thence the Upper Newport Bay. As siltation problems plagued the bay, the Bitter Point Dam was constructed to divert the Santa Ana River to its present mouth at Huntington Beach, leaving the Cienega/San Diego Creek as the main watercourse flowing into the bay. To support irrigation, farmers drilled numerous wells to tap the region's abundant
17239627
List of watercourses in the San Francisco Bay Area


Gualala and Russian Rivers, numbered from north to south: Watercourses which feed into the Pacific Ocean in Sonoma County between Goat Rock Beach and Bodega Head, numbered from north to south: Watercourses which feed into Bodega Bay, numbered clockwise from Bodega Head to Sand Point: Watercourses which feed into the Pacific Ocean in Marin County south of Sand Point, listed from north to south: Watercourses which feed into Tomales Bay, numbered clockwise from Sand Point to Tomales Point: Watercourses which feed into the Pacific Ocean between Tomales Point and Bolinas
12372267
San Mateo Creek (San Francisco Bay Area)


it is partly intermittent and altered, to San Francisco Bay about 1.1 km (0.7 mi) west of the mouth of Seal Slough. This watercourse lies entirely within San Mateo County and flows generally eastward to discharge into San Francisco Bay. San Mateo Creek once hosted coho salmon ("Oncorhynchus kisutch") as evidenced by specimens collected by Professor Alexander Agassiz of Harvard University in the 1850s and 1860s. He also collected steelhead trout ("Oncorhynchus mykiss") from the creek. Historical records indicate that Chinook salmon ("Oncorhynchus
4303207
Morro Creek


Morro Creek is a coastal stream in San Luis Obispo County, in the central region of the U.S. state of California. The watercourse flows from the Santa Lucia Mountains to discharge into the Pacific Ocean, at its mouth on Estero Bay, near the city of Morro Bay. The creek is in the coastal sage and chaparral section of the California chaparral and woodlands Ecoregion. Historically this watershed had habitats containing considerable amounts of chaparral, and scarce Oak woodlands, and Grey Pine ("Pinus sabiniana") trees. The lower reaches
6040227
List of islands within the Murray River in South Australia


List of islands within the Murray River in South Australia is a list of islands located within the watercourse of the Murray River within the Australian state of South Australia from the mouth of the river at Encounter Bay in the south to the borders with the states of New South Wales and Victoria in the east including the following lakes located adjacent to the river's mouth - Coorong, Lake Albert and Lake Alexandrina. The following list includes islands (listed from west to east) in the Coorong as well as the following two channels connecting
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Bridge Street Bridge (Newark)


Bridge Street Bridge is a swing bridge over the Passaic River connecting Newark and Harrison, New Jersey. It is the 10th bridge from the river's mouth at Newark Bay and is upstream from it. Carrying vehicular traffic, the roadway is designated County Route 508. The span is a rim-bearing Pratt thru truss swing span supported on ashlar substructure with concrete caps originally built by the American Bridge Company. It opened in 1913 and underwent significant rehabilitation in 1981. It is listed on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places (
20639649
Gerritsen Creek


Gerritsen Creek is a short watercourse in Brooklyn, New York City that empties into Jamaica Bay. The creek currently starts near Avenue U, but its original headwaters lay eight streets farther north. That part of the creek was buried in a storm sewer in 1920. The creek's mouth and much of its remaining length is part of a nature conservation area called Marine Park. The creek has been described as one of the "fingers" that formed the original shoreline of Jamaica Bay. The creek lies just beyond the maximum extent
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Lunan Water


The Lunan Water is an easterly flowing river in Angus, Scotland, that discharges to the North Sea north of the town of Arbroath. Draining chiefly agricultural lands, this stream has a moderate level of turbidity and a pH level of approximately 8.7. Other nearby watercourses discharging to the North Sea include River North Esk and River South Esk, both to the north. At its mouth the Lunan Water meets the North Sea at the hamlet of Lunan, upon Lunan Bay. The beach at Lunan Bay was voted the "best beach
3598019
List of watercourses in the San Francisco Bay Area


These watercourses (rivers, creeks, sloughs, etc.) in the San Francisco Bay Area are grouped according to the bodies of water they flow into. Tributaries are listed under the watercourses they feed, sorted by the elevation of the confluence so that tributaries entering nearest the sea appear first. Numbers in parentheses are Geographic Names Information System feature ids. Watercourses which feed into the Pacific Ocean in Sonoma County north of Bodega Head, listed from north to south: Watercourses which feed into the Pacific Ocean in Sonoma County between the
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Passaic River


the decline of industry along the river, it still suffers from substantial degradation of water quality. The sediment at the mouth of the river near Newark Bay remains contaminated by such pollutants as dioxin. The dioxin was generated principally by the Diamond Shamrock Chemical Plant in Newark, as a waste product resulting from the production of the agent orange defoliation chemical used during the Vietnam War. The cleanup of the dioxin contamination on the bottom of the river is the subject of a major environmental lawsuit regarding the responsibility for the cleanup. In 2008
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Jackson Street Bridge


The Jackson Street Bridge is a bridge on the Passaic River between Newark and Harrison, New Jersey. The swing bridge is the 6th bridge from the river's mouth at Newark Bay and is upstream from it. Opened in 1903 and substantially rehabilitated in 1991 it is listed on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places (ID#1274) and is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. The bridge was re-lamped in 2012. The lower of the 90-mile (140 km) long Passaic River downstream of the Dundee Dam is
16240901
Dock Bridge


Dock Bridge is a pair of vertical lift bridges crossing the Passaic River at Newark, Essex County and Harrison, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, used exclusively for railroad traffic. It is the seventh crossing from the river's mouth at Newark Bay and is upstream from it. Also known as the Amtrak Dock Vertical Lift, it carries Amtrak, NJ Transit, and PATH trains. It is listed on the state and federal registers of historic places. The bridge was built by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) for
2548788
WR Draw


WR Draw is an out-of-service railroad bridge crossing the Passaic River between Newark and the Arlington section of Kearny, New Jersey. The plate girder rim-bearing swing bridge, originally built in 1897 and modified in 1911 and 1950, is the 14th bridge from the river's mouth at Newark Bay and is upstream from it. Last used for regular passenger service in 2002, it is welded in closed position as its height is not considered a hazard to navigation. The lower of the long Passaic River downstream of
9853666
Point-No-Point Bridge


Point-No-Point Bridge is a railroad bridge crossing the Passaic River between Newark and Kearny, New Jersey in the New Jersey Meadowlands. The swing bridge is the fourth from the river's mouth at Newark Bay and is upstream from it. A camelback through truss bridge, it is owned by Conrail as part of its North Jersey Shared Assets and carries the Passaic and Harsimus Line used by CSX Transportation and Norfolk Southern. River Subdivision (CSX Transportation) accesses the line via Marion Junction. Conrail is considering replacing the bridge
16822924
Essex County, New Jersey


. Most of them cross Newark Bay or the Passaic River into Hudson or Bergen counties. The Newark Bay Bridge carries Interstate 78 over Newark Bay from Newark to Bayonne and is currently the most southern bridge crossing the bay. The Upper Bay Bridge, a vertical-lift bridge located just north of the Newark Bay Bridge, carries a freight train line over the bay from Newark to Bayonne. The PD Draw is an abandoned and partially dismantled railroad bridge across the Passaic River from Newark to Kearny. The Lincoln Highway Passaic River Bridge
9989910
Port of New York and New Jersey


which leads to Jamaica Bay. The Narrows connects to the Upper New York Bay at the mouth of the Hudson River, which is sometimes (particularly in navigation) called the North River. Large ships are able to navigate upstream to the Port of Albany-Rensselaer. To the west lies Kill van Kull, the strait leading to Newark Bay, fed by the Passaic River and Hackensack River, and the northern entrance of Arthur Kill. The Gowanus Canal and Buttermilk Channel are entered from the east. The East River is a
14964397
Lincoln Highway Passaic River Bridge


The Lincoln Highway Passaic River Bridge is a vehicular moveable bridge crossing the Passaic River at a point from the river mouth at Newark Bay in northeastern New Jersey, United States. The vertical lift bridge, along the route of the Lincoln Highway, carries U.S. Route 1/9 Truck (at milepoint 0.67) and the East Coast Greenway between the Ironbound section of Newark and Kearny Point in Kearny. Opened in 1941, it is owned by and operated by the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) and required by the Code of Federal
14866545
Sableuse River


The Sableuse River is a watercourse in the Matapedia Valley, in administrative region of Bas-Saint-Laurent, in Quebec, Canada. Its origin lies in the Sableuse ponds in Saint-Vianney while its mouth lies in the Sableuse River Bay on Lake Matapedia. This river flows into the regional county municipalities (RCM): This course river of the Matapedia Valley is descending towards the Southwest; it passes through the territory of Sainte-Paule and Matapedia Lake (at the Eastern boundary of the territory of Sayabec). The
13244144
Inveruglas


flowing down from Loch Sloy. The name of this watercourse is a curious back-formation, since Inveruglas means "the mouth of the Douglas". It may have acquired this name to differentiate it from the Douglas Water a few miles further south. Inveruglas Isle lies in Inveruglas Bay, an inlet of Loch Lomond. The Loch Lomond and Cowal Way starts and finishes at Inveruglas, this long distance waymarked footpath, will take you to Portavadie in the Cowal Peninsula on the east shore of Loch Fyne, 57miles of walking later
12281889
Toronto waterway system


Bay Park East. The Source of the River is the Huber Spring Pond and the basin is 903 km . The Don River is a watercourse in southern Ontario, that empties into Lake Ontario, at Toronto Harbour. Its mouth was just east of the street grid of the town of York, Upper Canada, the municipality that evolved into Toronto, Ontario. The Don is formed from two rivers, the East and West Branches, that meet about 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Lake Ontario while flowing southward into the
14180440
Liguria


considerable depths along its coastline. Except for the Portovenere and Portofino promontories, the coast is generally not very jagged, and is often high. At the mouths of the biggest watercourses are small beaches, but there are no deep bays and natural harbours except at Genoa and La Spezia. The hills lying immediately beyond the coast together with the sea account for a mild climate year-round. Average winter temperatures are and summer temperatures are , which make for a pleasant stay even in the dead of winter. Rainfall can be abundant
21145747
Hackensack people


called Ack-kinkas-hacky, Achkinhenhcky, Achinigeu-hach, Ackingsah-sack, among other spellings (translated as "place of stony ground" or "mouth of a river") and included the areas around the Upper New York Bay, Newark Bay, Bergen Neck, the Meadowlands, and the Palisades. A phratry of the Lenape, the Hackensack spoke the Unami dialect, one of the two major dialects of the Lenape, or Delaware, languages, which were part of the Algonquian language family. "Unami
10469160
Piles Creek


Piles Creek is a stream in Union County, New Jersey. It empties in the Arthur Kill tidal strait in Linden on the Chemical Coast between the mouth of Morses Creek and the mouth of the Rahway River just below the Linden Generating Station, a power plant. It is one of several tributaries of the Arthur Kill along with other rivers and streams including the Elizabeth River, Rahway River, Morses Creek, Fresh Kills, and, via Newark Bay, the Passaic River and the Hackensack River. Rutgers University ecology scientists have documented
7459360
Garonne


most distant point (along watercourses from the river mouth) in the drainage basin from which water runs. The Ratera-Saboredo cirque is the "most distant point (along watercourses from the river mouth) in the drainage basin from which water runs", and the source of the Garonne, according to the United States Geological Survey, the National Geographic Society, and the Smithsonian Institution convention upon determining a stream's source. The Garonne follows the Aran Valley northwards into France, flowing via Toulouse and Agen towards Bordeaux, where
1652483
Kororoit Creek


The Kororoit Creek is a watercourse of the Port Phillip catchment, rising in the outer north western suburbs of Melbourne, in the Australian state of Victoria. The Kororoit Creek rises below Mount Kororoit, northeast of in the north western outer suburbs of Melbourne. The creek's headwaters are north of at approximately above sea level in ordovician geology. The creek flows generally south by east and passes over the volcanic lava plain of western Melbourne to its mouth at sea level, north of and emptying into Altona Bay within Port Phillip. The
1358403
Petite Rivière de Jacmel


The Petite Rivière de Jacmel is a watercourse running in Haiti through the Sud-Est department and the arrondissement of Jacmel. The Petite Rivière de Jacmel takes its source in the foothills of the mountain range called "Chaîne de la Selle", and set in Hispaniola's Tiburon Peninsula. Over approximately 10 kilometers long, the river then runs Eastwards, to meet South with the Caribbean Sea at the level of its mouth in the bay of the port-city of Jacmel. Along its path in the mountain, the river turns
2380076
List of rivers of California


of the Golden Gate; tributaries are listed from those entering nearest the bays to farthest). The Central Valley watershed feeding into Suisun Bay via the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta is excluded; see the following section for the Sacramento and San Joaquin river systems. "For additional detail on Bay Area creeks, see List of watercourses in the San Francisco Bay Area." "For additional detail on Bay Area creeks, see List of watercourses in the San Francisco Bay Area." The Sacramento and San Joaquin River systems drain the
12430141
Newark Bay


and on the east by Jersey City and Bayonne. At the south is Staten Island, New York and at the north Kearny Point and Droyer's Point mark the mouth of the Hackensack. Shooters Island is a bird sanctuary where the borders of Staten Island, Bayonne and Elizabeth meet at one point. The southern tip of Bergen Neck, known as Bergen Point, juts into the bay and lent its name to the former Bergen Point Lighthouse. Built offshore in 1849 it was demolished and replaced with a skeletal tower in the mid
2779125
Refugio Creek


Refugio Creek (pronounced from Spanish "refugio" meaning: shelter) is a watercourse running through the Refugio Valley from the hills of western Contra Costa County, California. It runs from the hills to its mouth at San Pablo Bay through the city of Hercules and unincorporated areas, including the town of Rodeo. The creek passes through a dense suburban area in addition to Refugio Valley Park. The creek is almost entirely at the surface level and unaltered although its riparian habitat is largely destroyed in the more developed areas. "Refugio
21988878
Newark Bay rail accident


The Newark Bay rail accident occurred on September 15, 1958 in Newark Bay, New Jersey. A Central Railroad of New Jersey (CRRNJ) morning commuter train, #3314, ran through a restricting and a stop signal, derailed, and slid off the open Newark Bay lift bridge. Both diesel locomotives and the first two coaches plunged into Newark Bay and sank immediately, killing 48 people and injuring the same number. A third coach, snagged by its rear truck (bogie), hung precariously off the lift bridge for
9520948
Newark Bay


Newark Bay is a tidal bay at the confluence of the Passaic and Hackensack Rivers in northeastern New Jersey. It is home to the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal, the largest container shipping facility in Port of New York and New Jersey, the third largest and one of the busiest in the United States. An estuary, it is periodically dredged to accommodate ocean-going ships. Newark Bay is rectangular, approximately long, varying in width from . It is enclosed on the west by the cities of Newark and Elizabeth,
2779124
Oshawa Creek


Oshawa Creek is a watercourse that flows from its headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine to its mouth on Lake Ontario, at Oshawa, Ontario. It drains a watershed of . In its lowest reaches, in Oshawa, two tributaries, Goodman's Creek and Montgomery Creek, join the watercourse. To the west it borders Lynde Creek, which also has its headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine, and the shorter watercourses Pringle Creek and Corbett Creek. Bowmanville Creek, to the east, also has its headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine
15142259
Newark Bay Bridge


The Newark Bay Bridge, officially the Vincent R. Casciano Memorial Bridge, is a steel through arch bridge that is continuous across three spans. It crosses Newark Bay and connects the cities of Newark (in Essex County) and Bayonne (in Hudson County) in New Jersey, United States. It was completed April 4, 1956, as part of the New Jersey Turnpike's Newark Bay (Hudson County) Extension, with a ribbon-cutting ceremony led by Governor of New Jersey Robert B. Meyner. The main span is ,
12856953
Newark Bay


its north side accelerated during World War I, when the federal government took control of Port Newark. During the war there were close to 25,000 troops stationed at the Newark Bay Shipyard. The City decided to expand the port at the end of the war. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was formed in 1921 and the Newark Bay Channels were authorized by the Rivers and Harbors Acts in 1922. Shipping operations languished after the war, and in 1927, the City of Newark started construction of Newark Liberty International Airport
2779130
Newark Bay


, its port at the southern end of the bay a major maritime hub during the colonial era. Jersey Gardens, an outlet mall, has been located north of Elizabethport since 1999. There are plans to construct a mixed used community adjacent to it along the bay. The western edge of Newark Bay was originally shallow tidal wetlands covering approximately . In 1910s the City of Newark began excavating an angled shipping channel in the northeastern quadrant of the wetland which formed the basis of Port Newark. Work on the channel and terminal facilities on
2779129
Raymond R. Schumacher


home, George Halas signed both Raymond and his brother Harold to the Chicago Bears at the same time, announcing signing 26 July 1946. Training at the Bears' summer training camp at St. Joseph college, Collegeville, Indiana began 06 Aug 1946. He first played for the Bears' farm team the Akron Bears, who playing against the Chicago Bears 17 Sep 1946 in an exhibition game in Akron's Rubber bowl. In early 1947, Akron left the AFL, leaving Newark as the Chicago Bears’ primary farm team; Newark
21963588
Interstate 78


Garden State Parkway in Union. At Exits 57 and 58, Route 21, US 1, US 9, and US 22 intersect I-78. The exit provides access to Newark Liberty International Airport. East of exit 58 at the eastern tip of Newark, I-78 becomes the Newark Bay Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike. Past the first toll plaza, I-78 has an interchange with I-95 (The New Jersey Turnpike) and crosses Newark Bay via the Newark Bay Bridge. The first exit, 14A, is for Route 440 in Bayonne
2243621
Newark Bay


the sediment. Pronounced endocrine disruption and reproductive effects have been reported in Newark Bay Mummichog, often used as a sentinel and bioindicator species. Reproductive effects reported are primarily due to a chemical inhibition of vitellogenesis and oogenesis, which are highly conserved processes for oviparous (egg-laying) animals. Killifish within Newark Bay have also been reported to chemically adapt (desensitize) to aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated pollutants (i.e. dioxins). Killifish within Newark Bay have emerged as a popular tool for studying population effects of historical and emerging chemicals of
2779137
Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal


side accelerated during World War I, when the federal government took control of Port Newark. During the war, nearly 25,000 troops were stationed at the Newark Bay Shipyard. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was formed in 1921, and the Newark Bay Channels were authorized by the Rivers and Harbors Acts in 1922. Shipping operations languished after the war, and in 1927, the city of Newark started construction of Newark Airport (now known as Newark Liberty International Airport) on the northwestern quadrant of the wetlands that lay
5795160
Newark Bay


which carries the Newark Bay Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike. The Upper Bay Bridge is a vertical lift bridge north of the Casciano that is now used by CSX Transportation for freight shipment, including the notable Juice Train. Central Railroad of New Jersey's Newark Bay Bridge crossed the bay from 1864 to connect its Communipaw Terminal. Last used in 1978, it was determined to be a hazard to maritime navigation and demolished in the 1980s. Elizabeth is the site of the first English speaking European settlement (1675) in New Jersey
2779128
Sepik


May 1885. But the river, in fact, did not yet have a European name. It was thus termed "Kaiserin Augustafluß" by the explorer and scientist Otto Finsch, after the German Empress Augusta. The word 'Sipik' was first reported by A. Full as one of two names for the watercourse—the other being 'Abschima'—used by the natives living at the mouth of the river. A few years later, Leonhard Schultze applied the term 'Sepik' to the entire watercourse, and it took, although Schultze
9372594
South Kearny, New Jersey


South Kearny is an industrial district and distinct area of the western part of Hudson County, New Jersey at the northern end of Newark Bay in the town of Kearny, New Jersey. It is on the larger peninsula once called New Barbadoes Neck, which also include the other Kearny districts of the Uplands (a part of which is called Arlington) and the Kearny Meadows. It has been known as Kearny Point and, along Droyer's Point in Jersey City, marks the mouth of the Hackensack River to the east. The
10849200
Arthur Kill


Park), Bridge Creek (off Goethal Pond), Old Place Creek, and Sawmill Creek flow into the strait. A heavily used marine channel, it provides access for ocean-going tankers to industrial facilities along the channel itself. The Howland Hook Marine Terminal is located at its mouth at Newark Bay. It provided the primary marine access to the now-closed Fresh Kills Landfill on Staten Island and is the location of the Staten Island boat graveyard. The channel is dredged periodically to a depth of and a width of
2501650
North Creek (Toronto)


North Creek is a mostly buried watercourse that flows into Lake Ontario on the grounds of the former Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital now in Colonel Samuel Smith Park. Its mouth was at Kipling Avenue. Its headwaters were near the present day intersection of the Queen Elizabeth Way and Browns Line. Almost all the creek had been buried by 1960, but part of the creek remains and mouth now flows in an easterly direction instead of southerly into Lake Ontario. The mouth of Etobicoke Creek was approximately 2.5 km to the west of the mouth of North
11160504
Don River (Ontario)


The Don River is a watercourse in southern Ontario, that empties into Lake Ontario, at Toronto Harbour. Its mouth was just east of the street grid of the town of York, Upper Canada, the municipality that evolved into Toronto, Ontario. Of the various watercourses that drained Toronto, the Don, the Humber River, and the Rouge River have headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine. The Don is formed from two rivers, the East and West Branches, that meet about north of Lake Ontario while flowing southward into the
15180333
Eider Canal


. Though the new canal's western end is farther south (at the mouth of the Elbe), much of the Eider Canal's watercourse was reused for the new waterway. Many sections were deepened, and some were straightened, cutting off bends that still exist as lakes. The new canal was opened by Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1895. In 1783, as part of the canal's development, three warehouses (called "packing houses" in German) were built along the watercourse: one at the Kiel-Holtenau lock
20050281
Uniab River


The Uniab River is located between Torra Bay and Terrace Bay in Namibia. The river once created a large river delta with five main watercourses. Today it continues to flow only in one of the watercourses the fourth one when approaching from the south, but subterranean water surfaces as springs in the other channel. These springs are lifeline to the springbok and oryx roaming this desolate stretch of coast and also attract a variety of birds. The river trickles over a waterfall into a narrow gorge through bright reddish-pink sandstone and yellow calcrete
10188215
Newark and New York Railroad


), the railroad provided a direct route between Newark and its Jersey City terminal, where passengers could transfer to ferries to New York. The line cost $300,000 per mile, unprecedented at the time, earning it the sobriquet "the country's costliest railroad". In 1872 a connection south was added at a junction called Newark Transfer to Elizabeth, where it joined the railroad's main line, which crossed Newark Bay at Bayonne on the predecessor of the CRRNJ Newark Bay Bridge. The line was built partially to relieve overcrowding
3745047
Passaic River


for clean-up efforts. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) has issued notices banning commercial fishing and advising the general public that fish caught in the tidal Passaic River (from Dundee Dam to the mouth at Newark Bay) should not be eaten. In April 2014, EPA announced a $1.7 billion plan to remove 4.3 million cubic yards of toxic mud from the bottom of lower eight miles of the river. It is considered the one of the most polluted stretches of water in the nation and one of
14194064
Bayfront, Jersey City


Bayfront is an urban redevelopment project in Jersey City, New Jersey The Hackensack Riverfront is an area on the eastern banks of the Hackensack River near its mouth at Newark Bay. It is on the West Side of the city, specifically west of NJ Route 440. It lies north of Droyer's Point and south of Lincoln Park. It is home to the Hudson Mall, Four Hundred Forty Shopping Center and the former Jersey City Public Works incinerator as well as the planned site. Kearny Point and the piers of the former Federal
17951994
Lyndhurst Draw


The Lyndhurst Draw is a railroad bridge crossing the Passaic River between Clifton and Lyndhurst in northeastern New Jersey. Built in 1903, it is owned and operated by New Jersey Transit Rail Operations (NJT). The swing bridge is situated between the Lyndhurst and Delawanna stations of NJT's Main Line, from its origination point at Hoboken Terminal, and from the river's mouth at Newark Bay. Norfolk Southern Railway uses the bridge to access Croxton Yard to the east across the New Jersey Meadowlands. The bridge is required by federal regulations
18715629
Avondale Bridge (Passaic River)


Kingsland Avenue Bridge, earlier known as Avondale Bridge and designated the De Jessa Memorial Bridge, is a vehicular movable bridge over the Passaic River in northeastern New Jersey. It crosses the county line to connect the towns of Lyndhurst in Bergen and Nutley in Essex, originally taking its name from a section of the latter. The bridge is from the river's mouth at Newark Bay, and is required to open on four hours' notice. As of 2010, there were 26,420 daily crossings of the bridge, which provides one lane
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Belleville Turnpike Bridge


The Belleville Turnpike Bridge is a vehicular moveable bridge spanning the Passaic River in northeastern New Jersey from its river mouth at Newark Bay. Also known as Rutgers Street Bridge and Route 7 Bridge, it is the fourth fixed crossing to be built at the location, today the tripoint of the municipal and county lines of Belleville in Essex, Kearny in Hudson, and North Arlington in Bergen. Commissioned by the New Jersey Department of Transportation, which owns and operates it, the vertical lift bridge opened in 2002. The lower of the
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Second River (New Jersey)


The Second River, or Watsessing River, in the state of New Jersey in the United States, is the second main tributary of the Passaic River encountered while travelling upstream from its mouth at Newark Bay. From its source in West Orange to the Passaic, it is approximately 5 mi (8 km) long. From West Orange, the Second River passes generally easterly through the towns of Orange and East Orange, where it is joined by Wigwam, Parrow, and Nishuane Brooks, then turns slightly to the north (though
21981170
Arthur Kill


. It contains two small uninhabited islands, Prall's Island and the Isle of Meadows, both of which are part of the borough of Staten Island. John's Cove is located near its northern end in New Jersey. On the New Jersey side the Elizabeth River, Rahway River, Morses Creek Piles Creek flow into the kill. The Passaic River and Hackensack River mouth at Newark Bay. On the Staten Island side Old Place Creek, Fresh Kills (an estuary fed by the Richmond Creek and Main Creek and part of Freshkills
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First River


The First River, in the state of New Jersey in the United States, is a subterranean river and the first main tributary of the Passaic River encountered while travelling upstream from its mouth at Newark Bay. Beginning at the confluence of Mill Brook and Branch Brook (near the present Skating Center in Branch Brook Park), the First River flowed parallel to Seventh Avenue and Clay Street, discharging into the Passaic River in the vicinity of the Clay Street bridge. The First River was also known as Mill Brook, having supported several
645661
Sandy Bay, Tasmania


Vict No.8.), proposed on the 24 Nov 1860, and held its first meeting on 22 Jan 1861. Its purpose was to construct, maintain and regulate cross and bye roads in the Queenborough Road District. The Browns River Road District was proclaimed on 8 Nov 1852, under the Cross and Bye Roads Act 1852 (15 Vict No.8.) and abolished on 4 Sep 1871. The Browns River and Sandy Bay Rivulet Road District was proclaimed on 4 Sep 1871, under the Cross and Bye Roads Act 1870 (33
20485679
Sandy Bay, Tasmania


Vict No.8.) and abolished on 26 Sep 1881. The Browns River Road District was proclaimed on 26 Sep 1881, under the Cross and Bye Roads Act 1870 (33 Vict No.8.) and was abolished on 16 Nov 1885. The Sandy Bay Road District was proclaimed on 16 Nov 1885, under the Roads Act 1870 (48 Vict No.28.). The Browns River Road District proclaimed on 23 Jul 1897, and the name changed to Kingston on 26 Nov 1897. Queenborough became a town under the Towns Act 1891
20485680
Arroyo Corte Madera del Presidio


Arroyo Corte Madera del Presidio is a year-round stream in southern Marin County, California, United States. This watercourse is also known as Corte Madera Creek, although the actual stream of that name flows into San Francisco Bay further north at Point San Quentin. This watercourse has a catchment basin of about and drains the south-eastern slopes of Mount Tamalpais and much of the area in and around the town of Mill Valley; this stream discharges to Richardson Bay. Arroyo Corte Madera del Presidio is named for the Spanish "
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Jackson Creek (Toronto)


Jackson Creek is a watercourse that flows into Lake Ontario near 10th Street, in the New Toronto neighbourhood of Etobicoke, a suburb of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is part of the Great Lakes Basin. Its headwaters were approximately five kilometers northwest—north of Bloor Street, near Highway 427. Portions of the watercourse remain above-ground today. The creek is named for Jackson Farm, the historical location of its mouth. Even though lost, for now, Jackson Creek is a strong candidate for day-lighting with
14363282
Bonar Creek


Bonar Creek was a creek in Mimico, Ontario, Canada. It was a tributary of the still-existing Mimico Creek, a watercourse that empties into Lake Ontario. Bonar Creek joined Mimico Creek north of Lake Shore Boulevard, in the marsh at the mouth of the Mimico Creek. The creek is named for Irish immigrants Bill and Letitia Bonar who lived in a pumphouse near the waterway. Almost the entire creek has been buried, except for a short stretch where the former watercourse joined Mimico Creek, and that remaining portion has
20143285
Kampen, Overijssel


, the watercourse of the river IJssel was dredged several times, but the costs were relatively high and within a few years, the river silted up again. As the IJssel had several delta-like mouths here, the main route of the river shifted several times. In the 19th century, a new strategy was put in place to counter this problem: some watercourses were dammed to allow for more water at a higher speed through one or two main routes. This had the advantage that less sand and silt were deposited and
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Lincoln Highway Hackensack River Bridge


The Lincoln Highway Hackensack River Bridge is a vehicular vertical lift bridge crossing the Hackensack River at a point from the river mouth at Newark Bay in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The bridge, along the route of the Lincoln Highway, carries U.S. Route 1/9 Truck (at milepoint 1.72) and the East Coast Greenway between the West Side of Jersey City and Kearny Point in Kearny. The most recent of many crossings at the location, the current bridge was completed in 1954. It is owned by and operated by
11770868
Union Avenue Bridge (Passaic River)


Union Avenue Bridge is a vehicular bridge over the Passaic River in northeastern New Jersey, crossing the county line at the town of Rutherford in Bergen and the city of Passaic in Passaic. It takes its name from Union Avenue (CR S32) in Rutherford which connects to River Drive (and access to Route 21) in Passaic. The two-lane, four-span fixed bridge which opened in 2002 is from the river's mouth at Newark Bay. There is another Union Avenue Bridge traversing the Passaic at Little Falls The
16773185
Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company


The Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company was a United States shipyard, active from 1917 to 1948. It was founded during World War I to build ships for the United States Shipping Board. During World War II, it built ships as part of the U.S. Government's Emergency Shipbuilding program. Operated by a subsidiary of the United States Steel Corporation, the shipyard was located at Kearny Point where the mouth of the Hackensack River meets Newark Bay in the Port of New York and New Jersey. The shipyard site is now part of River
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List of crossings of the Lower Passaic River


The Lower Passaic River in New Jersey is the section of the Passaic River below the Great Falls which flows over the Dundee Dam to the river mouth at Newark Bay in the northeastern part of the state. Its midpoint generally delineates the Essex-Hudson and Passaic-Bergen county lines. Numerous spans, mostly moveable bridges, have been built over of the lower reaches of the river, which is tidally influenced to the dam at about mile point (MP) 17.4 and channelized to about MP 17. Once one of the most
20004646
List of crossings of the Upper Passaic River


The Upper Passaic River in New Jersey is the section of the Passaic River above the Dundee Dam, including the Great Falls. The entire river flows for 81 miles from its river's source in Mendham to the river mouth at Newark Bay in the northeastern part of the state. The Passaic traverses 45 municipalities, and its watershed provides drinking water for more than 3.5 million people in the region. The midpoint of the upper river generally delineates the Passaic-Bergen, Passaic-Essex, Essex-Morris, Morris-Union and
20378904
Eighth Street Bridge (Passaic River)


traffic permanently on July 24, 2017 so work could begin on its replacement. Eighth Street Bridge passes over the Passaic 11.7 miles from the river mouth at Newark Bay in at the Passaic and Bergen county line. It carries a 2-lane road, 2 sidewalks, and a utility pipe from 8th Street in Passaic to Main Avenue in Wallington. and as of 2014, is used by about 6,500 vehicles per day. The lower of the Passaic River downstream of the Dundee Dam is tidally influenced and channelized. Once one of the most
22179309
Monmouth Tract


rule, he instituted a legal system centered on English common law, and issued conditions upon which plantations and land grants would be created. After granting patent for Elizabeth-Town ("Achter Koll" on Newark Bay) in 1664, Nicolls granted patents for a triangular tract of land called the Monmouth Tract also called the Navesink Tract on April 8, 1665. Twelve men, most of whom were Quakers from Long Island, purchased a tract that extended from Sandy Hook to the mouth of the Raritan River, upstream approximately ,
3992696
Winant Avenue Bridge


The Winant Avenue Bridge is a vehicular movable bridge spanning the Hackensack River in Bergen County, New Jersey from its mouth at Newark Bay. Built in 1934, it is also known as the Route 46 Hackensack River Bridge and S46 Bridge, it carries U.S. Route 46 (US 46) in Little Ferry and Ridgefield Park. Owned and operated by the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT), the double leaf bascule bridge is located on a navigable reach. While there have been no requests since 1978, the Code of Federal
5162890
Court Street Bridge (Hackensack River)


The Court Street Bridge, also known as the Harold J. Dillard Memorial Bridge, is a vehicular movable bridge crossing the Hackensack River between Hackensack and Bogota in Bergen County, New Jersey, which owns it. Located from the river mouth at Newark Bay, the swing bridge, which opened in 1908 and underwent major rehabilitation in 2010–2012, is the most-upstream bridge on the river required by federal regulations to open on request. Originally the territory of the Hackensack tribe, the earliest European settlement near the site of the bridge was
6593938
Kolan River


then flows east and then finally north by east and reaches its mouth north of . The Kolan River is joined by nineteen tributaries including the main tributary, Gin-Gin Creek, a watercourse that is long. The lower reaches of the river are surrounded by sugar cane fields. The Mouth of Kolan River Regional Park is a protected area at the river mouth. The river descends over its course. Other water storage facilities that are supplied with water from the river include the Bucca Weir and the Kolan Barrage. "Macfadyena unguis
21876707
Passaic River


; it flows past Rutherford, Lyndhurst and North Arlington to the east. In its lowest reaches, it flows along the northeast portion of the city of Newark on the west, passing Kearny, East Newark, and Harrison, New Jersey on the eastern bank. Near downtown Newark it makes an abrupt easterly bend, then south around Ironbound, joining the Hackensack River at the northern end of Newark Bay, a back bay of New York Harbor. The Passaic River formed as a result of drainage from a massive proglacial lake that
14194058
New Jersey Turnpike


The turnpike has three extensions; the first, the Newark Bay Extension, at , opened in 1956, and is part of I-78. It connects Newark with Lower Manhattan via the Holland Tunnel in Jersey City and intersects the mainline near Newark Liberty International Airport. This extension has three exits (exits 14A, 14B, and 14C), and due to its design (four lanes with a shoulderless Jersey barrier divider), has a speed limit. The extension traverses the Newark Bay Bridge (officially the Vincent R. Casciano Memorial Bridge
1559325
ExpressRail


serves CSX and NS trains. The yard occupies 87 acres and has ten unloading tracks and ten holding tracks to serve multilevel autorack cars. GCT New York (formerly Howland Hook Marine Terminal) () is located at the mouth of the Arthur Kill at Newark Bay on Staten Island, a borough of New York City. Its on dock ExpressRail facility consists of seven tracks which connect to the adjacent Arlington Yard, from which trains travel over the Arthur Kill Lift Bridge to connect to the Chemical Coast line at Elizabeth. Staten Island
5691514
Newark Bay


concern due to their chronic exposure to complex mixtures of common contaminants, and subsequent effects due to living within a polluted environment. In January 2008, a 117 ft. Great Lakes Dredge and Dock Company dredge in Newark Bay was struck by a 669-ft Liberian-flagged orange juice freighter named the Orange Sun. Newark Bay had to be closed for five hours by the U.S. Coast Guard until damages to the GLD&D dredge were mitigated. The dredge had begun to take on water and a diving crew was sent in order to make repairs
2779138
Chemical Coast


repair shop. Passenger service along the line ended in 1967 with the advent of the Aldene Plan when the Bay Head trains (the line's only remaining commuter service) were moved to Newark Penn Station. In 1976 Conrail took over ownership of the line and operation of the substantial freight business the line generated. The CNJ constructed a two-track bridge over lower Newark Bay in 1864, and upgraded it to a dual pair of four-track lift bridges known collectively as the CRRNJ Newark Bay Bridge in 1926. This bridge
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CRRNJ Newark Bay Bridge


The Newark Bay Bridge of the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) was a four-track railroad bridge that had four main lift spans. It opened in 1926, replacing an outdated two track bascule span built in 1901, that in turn had replaced a wooden draw bridge that originally opened on 29 July 1864. The bridge served the main line of the CNJ, carrying daily interstate trains as well as commuter trains. The bridge connected Elizabethport and Bayonne at the southern end of Newark Bay. The designer of this bridge
8960794
Sports in the New York metropolitan area


, Barton's Nighthawks, Glendale Farmers, Mount Vernon Scarlets, Union City Reds, Carlton's of the Bronx, and Bay Parkway, Bay Ridge, Cedarhurst, West New York, and Queens Club of The Metropolitan Baseball Association; and the New York Highlanders and Brooklyn Bridegrooms, precursors to the Yankees and Dodgers. There were also two Newark Bears teams Newark Bears and Newark Bears (International League). Negro league baseball teams also were present in New York, including the Brooklyn Royal Giants, Newark Stars, Lincoln Giants,
4273511
Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal


east of the New Jersey Turnpike and Newark Airport. The busiest container port in the world in 1985, the Port was, as of 2004, the largest in the eastern United States and the third-largest in the country. Container goods typically arrive on container ships through The Narrows and the Kill Van Kull before entering Newark Bay, a shallow body of water that has been dredged to accommodate large ships (some ships enter Newark Bay via the Arthur Kill). The port facility consists of two main dredged slips and multiple
5795155
New Jersey Route 440


. After making a hairpin turn back to the north, it passes under the Newark Bay Bridge another time and runs along the eastern shore of Newark Bay. The route interchanges with West 63rd Street before crossing back into Jersey City and passing residences to the east. It intersects County Route 602 (Danforth Avenue) as the road heads into business sectors farther to the east of Newark Bay. The road heads past industrial establishments before running through commercial areas again, passing to the east of the Hudson Mall. Route 440 ends at
4465727
Newark Liberty International Airport


two major New York-area airports, JFK and LaGuardia, which are located directly next to large bodies of water (Jamaica Bay and the East River, respectively) and whose runways extend at least partially out into them, Newark Liberty, while located just across Interstate 95 from Newark Bay and not far from the Hudson River, does not directly front upon either body of water, so the airport and its runways are completely land-locked. Newark Liberty has three passenger terminals. Terminal A and Terminal B were completed in
13226121
Interstate 78 in New Jersey


, Hudson County. The Phillipsburg-Newark Expressway portion of I-78, formally called the Lightning Division Memorial Highway, runs from the Phillipsburg area east across rural areas of western New Jersey before entering suburban areas in Somerset County. The road crosses the Watchung Mountains, widening into a local-express lane configuration at Route 24 as it continues through urban areas to Newark. Here, I-78 intersects the mainline of the New Jersey Turnpike (I-95) and becomes the Newark Bay Extension, crossing the Newark Bay Bridge and continuing to Jersey City
16353893
USS Hanover (APA-116)


Mar 31 Pascagoula, Mississippi USA 1945 APR 11 New Orleans, Louisiana USA 1945 MAY 01 Galveston, Texas USA 1945 MAY 06 Gulfport, Mississippi USA 1945 MAY 11 Canal Zone, Panama, USA 1945 JUN 01 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, USA 1945 JUL 01 Portland, Oregon, USA 1945 JUL 17 Eniwetok, Marshall Islands, USA 1945 SEP 09 Okinawa 1945 SEP 11 Jinsen, Korea 1945 SEP 26 Nago Nan Bay, Okinawa 1945 OCT 03 Taku, China 1945 OCT 05 Taku, China 1945 OCT 16 Manila, Philippines 1945
1586987
Newark, California


Newark is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. It was incorporated as a city in September 1955. Newark is an enclave, surrounded by the city of Fremont. The three cities of Newark, Fremont, and Union City make up the Tri-City Area. Its population was 44,205 in 2015 making it the third largest city in the US named Newark after Newark, Ohio and Newark, New Jersey. The western edge of the city is near the southern end of the San Francisco Bay. State Route
16463388
Newark Bay


20th century. The Atlantic Ocean at Sandy Hook and Rockaway Point is approximately away and reached by tidal straits dredged to maintain shipping lanes. Newark Bay is connected to Upper New York Bay by the Kill Van Kull and to Raritan Bay by the Arthur Kill. The names of the channels reflect the period of Dutch colonialization. The area around the bay was called Achter Kol, which translates as "behind or beyond the ridge" and refers to Bergen Hill. The emergence of the Hudson Palisades begins on Bergen Neck, the peninsula
2779126
Bay Shore, New York


both in the borough of Queens in New York City, or to Newark International Airport in Newark, New Jersey. Bay Shore is a stop on the Montauk Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. LIRR trains travel westward toward Babylon and New York City, and eastward toward Montauk. The Bay Shore stop is a popular stop for visitors traveling to and from Fire Island. Bay Shore has terminals for the Ferries to Fire Island, serving Atlantique, Dunewood, Fair Harbor, Kismet, Ocean Bay Park, Ocean Beach, Saltaire
5405962
New Jersey Turnpike


), which is a steel cantilever bridge spanning Newark Bay and connecting Newark and Bayonne. Dubbed the "world's most expensive road" by "The Jersey Journal", it was completed April 4, 1956, as part of the turnpike's Newark Bay Extension. Casciano was a state assemblyman and a lifetime resident of Bayonne. The second extension, known as the Pearl Harbor Memorial Turnpike Extension (or Pennsylvania Turnpike Connector), carries I-95 off the mainline of the New Jersey Turnpike at exit 6 and connects to the Pennsylvania
1559326
Josiah Gregg


the mouth of a watercourse which they called the Little River. After exploring slightly to the north, they turned south along the coast and camped at Trinidad. Leaving Trinidad, they crossed a large river, but the fed-up members of the exploring party did not wish to wait for Gregg to determine the latitude of the mouth, and so pushed off without him. When he caught up with the group, his temper flared, and they named the river Mad River due to the outburst. On 20 December 1849,
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