The Eruption of Mount Pelee [SEP] production company
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The Eruption of Mount Pelee


the eruption [was] created by a combination of flashing lights, powdered chalk, and cinders." According to the film historian Pierre Lephrohon, the poet Guillaume Apollinaire once asked Méliès himself how he made "The Eruption of Mount Pelee". Méliès said simply: "By photographing cinders and chalk." Apollinaire remarked to a friend who was with them: "Monsieur and I have the same occupation, we enchant ordinary materials." "The Eruption of Mount Pelee" was released by Méliès's Star Film Company and
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The Eruption of Mount Pelee


fourth agitating the miniature sea and raising the water level to suggest a tidal wave. The film historian Georges Sadoul notes that Zecca's version aims for academic realism in its style, creating an effect markedly different from Méliès's deliberately Romanticized portrayal. The Edison Manufacturing Company version was released in three parts: "Mt. Pelee Smoking Before Eruption (St. Pierre, Martinique)", "Mt. Pelee in Eruption and Destruction of St. Pierre (Martinique)", and "Burning of St. Pierre (Martinique)." The Edison Company
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The Eruption of Mount Pelee


Éruption volcanique à la Martinique, released in the United States as The Eruption of Mount Pelee and in Britain as The Terrible Eruption of Mount Pelée and Destruction of St. Pierre, Martinique, is a 1902 French short silent film directed by Georges Méliès. The film is a short reconstruction, using miniature models, of a recent historical event: the eruption on 8 May 1902 of Mount Pelée, which destroyed the town of Saint-Pierre, Martinique. Mount Pelée looms over the town of Saint-Pierre. Fire and smoke rises
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The Eruption of Mount Pelee


to the film historian Lewis Jacobs, the crew that created the Edison version found their own unique way to simulate the eruption: they exposed a barrel of beer to direct sunlight and waited for it to explode. "The Eruption of Mount Pelee" was presumed lost for many years; a film in the collection of the Cinémathèque Française was sometimes misidentified as Méliès's film, but it was in fact Zecca's version. Méliès's film was finally recovered in 2007, when a copy was found and restored by the Filmoteca de
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The Eruption of Mount Pelee


from the crater; then lava begins pouring down the sides of the mountain. The village is soon engulfed in smoke and flames. The film is one of the most frequently cited examples of Méliès's "reconstructed newsreels," staged re-enactments of current events. "The Eruption of Mount Pelee" was his third-to-last work in the genre. It was followed by two others also made in 1902: "The Catastrophe of the Balloon "Le Pax"" and the most complex one of all,
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Volcanology


Hawaiian mythology. Pele was used for various scientific terms as for Pele's hair, Pele's tears, and Limu o Pele (Pele's seaweed). A volcano on the Jovian moon Io is also named Pele. Saint Agatha is patron saint of Catania, close to mount Etna, and an important highly venerated (till today) example of virgin martyrs of Christian antiquity. In 253 CE, one year after her violent death, the stilling of an eruption of Mt. Etna was attributed to her intercession. Catania was however
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The Eruption of Mount Pelee


had sent the photographer J. Blair Smith to Martinique to film the aftermath of the accident; meanwhile, the filmmaker Edwin S. Porter stayed at the Edison studio in Orange, New Jersey to recreate the eruption using a studio model. A dozen clips of Smith's real-life footage, and all three of Porter's films simulating different stages of the eruption, were sold by the Edison Company in July 1902; the catalogue encouraged exhibitors to combine the real and faked films to "make a complete show in themselves." According
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Louis Mouttet


steam launch along with three other members of his commission, excepting Gaston Landes. He set off at 7:40 for Precheur, a small town a mile south of Mount Pelee, where he and the other members of the commission would decide if it needed to be evacuated. Around the same time, witnesses observed a strange hiccuping sound from the volcano and a drifting cloud of ash; one observer noted that the summit of the volcano was glowing bright red. At 8:02, Mount Pelee exploded. Two simultaneous eruptions issued from the volcano
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Pele's tears


's hair and it was considered that they formed together under similar conditions. Shimozura (1994) investigated this further and found that the velocity of the erupting lava was the main factor in determining whether Pele's tears or Pele's hair were formed. If the velocity of the erupting magma is high then Pele's hair is formed and if the velocity is low the formation of Pele's tears is favoured. Under the microscope very tiny Pele's tears (less than 1 μm) can be found within the cavities of Pele's
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The Eruption of Mount Pelee


years later to create an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in "The Merry Frolics of Satan"); film historians René Jeanne and Charles Ford nominated a flammable combination of cloth, colored water, cinders, and a kind of powdered chalk called ; Méliès's granddaughter, Madeleine Malthête-Méliès, indicated that starch was poured down the model to simulate lava, and that pieces of paper and unseasoned wood were burned to create smoke; and the Méliès expert John Frazer suggested that the model was made of cardboard and paper and that "
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The Eruption of Mount Pelee


"The Coronation of Edward VII". Stylistically, the film is reminiscent of the dioramas popular in the 19th century, which offered simulated views of places and events that would otherwise be inaccessible to spectators. Méliès's table-top miniature models recreate the eruption in a "storybook illustration" style highly indebted to Romanticism. Academic opinion is divided on the exact method Méliès used to create the eruption. The Méliès descendant and film scholar Jacques Malthête hypothesized that a type of flare known as the was used (as Méliès did four
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Pele's hair


touch Pele's hair, because it is very brittle and very sharp, and small broken pieces can enter the skin. Gloves should be worn while examining it. Pele's tears might occur with Pele's hair. They can tell volcanologists a lot of information about the eruption, such as the temperatures and the magma's path to the surface. Plagioclase starts to crystallize from the magma of Pele's hair at around 1,160 °C. Also, the shape of the tears can provide an indication of the velocity of the eruption
14446723
Types of volcanic eruptions


and also makes it one of the least dangerous eruptive types. Strombolian eruptions eject volcanic bombs and lapilli fragments that travel in parabolic paths before landing around their source vent. The steady accumulation of small fragments builds cinder cones composed completely of basaltic pyroclasts. This form of accumulation tends to result in well-ordered rings of tephra. Strombolian eruptions are similar to Hawaiian eruptions, but there are differences. Strombolian eruptions are noisier, produce no sustained eruptive columns, do not produce some volcanic products associated with Hawaiian volcanism (specifically Pele's
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Lōʻihi Seamount


, making it taller than Mount St. Helens was before its catastrophic 1980 eruption. A diverse microbial community resides around Lōihi's many hydrothermal vents. In the summer of 1996, a swarm of 4,070 earthquakes was recorded at Lōʻihi. At the time this was the most energetic earthquake swarm recorded in Hawaii recorded history. The swarm altered of the seamount's summit; one section, "Pele's Vents", collapsed entirely upon itself and formed the renamed "Pele's Pit". The volcano has remained relatively active since the 1996
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The Eruption of Mount Pelee


is numbered 397 in its catalogues. Two other filmmakers contemporary with Méliès, Ferdinand Zecca and Thomas Edison, produced their own miniature-model reconstructions of the Pelée eruption. Zecca's version, produced in May 1902 as "Catastrophe de la Martinique" (number 544 in the Pathé Frères catalogue), used four stagehands to create the eruption effect: one burning sulfur behind the model mountain, another pouring down smoke from a ladder off screen, a third on another ladder throwing down handfuls of sawdust to represent cinders, and a
12448241
Volcanology of Io


volcanic vents or lava lakes, carrying silicate pyroclastic material with them. The few Pele-type plumes that have been observed are usually associated with explosion-dominated eruptions, and are short-lived. The exception to this is Pele, which is associated with a long-lived active lava lake eruption, though the plume is thought to be intermittent. The higher vent temperatures and pressures associated with these plumes generate eruption speeds of up to , allowing them to reach heights of between . Pele-type plumes form red (from
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Pele (volcano)


erupting lava in the Pele lava lake. The persistence of degassed sulfurous compounds to Pele's plume is likely from a stable and consistent magma supply to its lava lake, which could be the largest magma chamber of Io's volcanoes. Images of the plume taken by "Voyager 1" revealed a large structure without a central column like the smaller, Prometheus-type plumes, but instead having a filamentary structure. This morphology is consistent with a plume that is formed by sulfurous gases erupted skyward from the Pele lava lake, which
4802843
Third Battle of Mount Hermon


for friendly one. Peled tried to outflank the Syrians. One of his company commanders took the wrong path and turned northwest instead of northeast. He reported no enemy in sight. Peled moved forward to get a better view. Drori ordered him back, but Peled ignored him. Drori was then hit, and wanted to pass command to Peled. Peled's artillery officer and radioman were both killed. He took the radio before being hit as well. At dawn artillery was called in, and the Syrian fire began to fade
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Pele's tears


droplet of lava is being erupted from a lava fountain. Whilst it is travelling through the air two things are happening: it is cooling down very rapidly (a process known as quenching) and it is being deformed. The deformation of a droplet depends on the speed at which it is erupted from the volcano, its surface tension, the viscosity (thickness) of the magma and the resistance it experiences as it travels through the air. Pele's tears are also found entangled within fine strands of volcanic glass known as Pele
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Types of volcanic eruptions


unique volcanological objects. Small volcanic particles are carried and formed by the wind, chilling quickly into teardrop-shaped glassy fragments known as Pele's tears (after Pele, the Hawaiian volcano deity). During especially high winds these chunks may even take the form of long drawn-out strands, known as Pele's hair. Sometimes basalt aerates into reticulite, the lowest density rock type on earth. Although Hawaiian eruptions are named after the volcanoes of Hawaii, they are not necessarily restricted to them; the largest lava fountain ever
3653659
Geology of Martinique


The geology of Martinique originated from volcanic eruptions, but has different rocks than nearby Lesser Antilles volcanic island arc islands all of which formed in the last 40 million years in the Cenozoic. A high-alumina basalt ranges from olivine basalt to tridymite-rich dacite. Calc-alkaline volcanic rocks are rich in hornblende and orthpyroxene andesite, hornblende andesite and quartz-hornblende dacite are also common. Mount Pelee is one of the most active Caribbean volcanoes with 20 eruptions in the last 5000 years. It also heats groundwater, generating hydrothermal
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Pele's tears


hair. This would suggest they formed prior to being trapped within the strand and supports a different mechanism for formation. It has been considered that they became trapped during transport in the eruptive plume. Pele's tears are interesting to volcanologists because trapped within the glass droplet are bubbles of gas and particles called vesicles. When these are analysed they can provide a great deal of information about the mechanisms of an eruption. For instance, the shape of a vesicle can provide an indication of the velocity of the eruption. When vesicles form
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Lionel Terry


Mining Corporation in London, and joined the Royal Regiment Artillery in 1892. After his father secured his discharge in 1895, he became involved in successive itinerant occupations in South Africa, the United States, Canada and Australia. He travelled to the West Indies and climbed Mount Pelee in Martinique before it erupted, and spent weeks exploring the interior of Dominica, producing the first map of it. He served in a mounted police brigade in Bulawayo, Rhodesia, fighting against the Matabele in the Second Matabele War. He took part in
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Second Battle of Mount Hermon


At noon, when Dov Dror, the 17th Battalion commander, arrived in the northern sector with two squad commanders course companies, Drori ordered Yehuda Peled, the 51st Battalion commander, to brief Dror and his company commander regarding the recapture of the Hermon. Since the evening of October 6, Peled had been studying the outpost using engineering sketches he received from the Israeli Defense Ministry's construction supervisor. When Peled briefed the 17th Battalion before sunset, he focused mostly on the outpost structure and the methods for clearing it, and less
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Limu o Pele


Limu o Pele or Pele's seaweed (Hawaiian, literally "seaweed of Pele" after Pele the Hawaiian fire goddess of volcanoes) is a geological term for thin sheets and subsequently shattered flakes of brownish-green to near-colorless volcanic glass lava spatter, commonly resembling seaweed in appearance, that have been erupted from a volcano. Limu o Pele is formed when water is forced into and trapped inside lava, as when waves wash over the top of the exposed flows of the molten rock. The water boils and is instantly
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Second Battle of Mount Hermon


, one of the reduced; two tanks from the 71st Armored Battalion platoon, which was attached to the Golani Brigade, and Drori's command post. At around 07:00, Drori updated Peled on the attack and ordered him to arrive with his two companies to the bridge over Wadi Sa'ar. After consultation, Peled decided that company A would continue its blocking mission at the Masada crossroad and subordinated the tank company's third tank to it. At that time, the 13th Battalion's company B and a staff company from the Brigade
7408082
Pillan Patera


with 25 km shortly afterward. The eruption sheds light on emplacement of very large, voluminous flows millions of years ago on Mars and Earth. The highest effusion rates exceeded 10,000 cubic meters per second. The eruption produced a large, dark, deposit, 400 kilometers in diameter, which surrounds Pillan and partially covers a bright red ring left by the volcano Pele's plume. Since the eruption, the Pillan plume deposit has faded, coated by material from Pele and Kami-Nari Patera, a small volcano to the east of
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Pele (deity)


hitchhiker legend. The passersby is then obliged to warn others or suffer misfortune in the next eruption. Another legend, Pele's Curse, states that Pele's wrath will fall on anyone who removes items from her island. Every year numerous small natural items are returned by post to the National Parks Service by tourists seeking Pele's forgiveness. It is believed Pele's Curse was invented in the mid-20th century to deter tourist depredation. When businessman George Lycurgus ran a hotel at the rim of Kīlauea, called the Volcano House from 1904
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Pele (volcano)


large red-ring plume deposit surrounding Pele were observed in daylight images of the volcano, with the most notable change seen in September 1997 when dark pyroclastic material from an eruption of Pillan Patera covered up a portion of Pele's plume deposit. During "Galileo's" encounters with Io between October 1999 and October 2001, the spacecraft observed Pele on three occasions using its camera and infrared spectrometers while the volcano was on Io's night-side. The cameras revealed a curved line of bright spots along the margin of the Pele
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Lōʻihi Seamount


two most prominent vent fields are at the summit: "Pele's Pit" (formally "Pele's Vents") and "Kapo's Vents". They are named after the Hawaiian deity Pele and her sister Kapo. These vents were considered "low temperature vents" because their waters were only about 30 °C. The volcanic eruption of 1996 and the creation of Pele's Pit changed this, and initiated high temperature venting; exit temperatures were measured at 77 °C in 1996. The vents lie to below the
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The Coronation of Edward VII


success, the internationally popular "A Trip to the Moon" (1902). He had already filmed various "reconstructed newsreels," staged re-enactments of current events, and the year 1902 marked his three last works in the genre: "The Eruption of Mount Pelee", "The Catastrophe of the Balloon "Le Pax"", and the last and most complex of all, "The Coronation of Edward VII". Urban, an American entrepreneur, had come to London as an agent for Thomas Edison
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Pele (deity)


right hand. The painting is now on display at the Kilauea Visitors Center. Pele's other prominent relatives are: Both of the chants above were performed at Halema'uma'u crater, where it is said Pele currently resides. Pele shares features similar to other malignant deities inhabiting volcanoes, as in the case of the devil Guayota of Guanche Mythology in Canary Islands (Spain), living on the volcano Teide and was considered by the aboriginal Guanches as responsible for the eruptions of the volcano. Several phenomena connected to volcanism have been named after
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Pele (volcano)


of the lava lake may also result in lava fountaining. Lava temperatures measured using the near-infrared emission spectrum of thermal hotspots observed at Pele are consistent with silicate basaltic lava erupting at the lava lake. The measurements from "Galileo" and "Cassini" images of Pele suggest peak temperatures of at least 1250-1350 °C, while the near-infrared spectrometer on "Galileo" found peak temperatures of 1250-1280 °C. While Pele's energy output and temperature remained consistent on the timescale of months to years
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Devastation Trail


(gushing hill). A lava lake also developed on the crater floor. The eruption produced both Pele's hair, the geological term for threads or fibers of volcanic glass, formed when small particles of molten material are thrown into the air and spun out by the wind into long hair-like strands, and Pele's tears, produced when airborne particles of lava cool and harden in the shape of teardrops of volcanic glass. When the eruption ended on December 20, 1959 the area was devastated. Sixteen explosive episodes were
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Kapiʻolani (chiefess)


sixty miles. Rev. Goodrich from the Hilo mission met her at the volcano near the end of December. The guardians of Pele warned that if she did not make the customary offerings, she would certainly be killed. Many remembered when their relatives were wiped out by an explosive eruption in 1790. She said a Christian prayer instead of the traditional one to Pele, and descended about 500 feet down into the main vent of Halemaumau. There was a molten lava lake at the time, but no eruption and she survived intact,
18394419
Hammerverse


submachine gun, the M1911A1 .45 ACP pistol, and the Browning M2 .50 caliber heavy machine gun. This allowed him to easily translate his experiences in Vietnam to a science fiction context. The specifics of the powergun are inspired by Drake's interest in Fortean phenomena; the mechanism by which powerguns produce destructive plasma is similar to the working of a Tesla coil, and the destructive power of copper plasma is said (in the Slammers universe) to have resulted in the deaths of thousands in the 1902 eruption of Mount Pelee. (
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Ludger Sylbaris


Ludger Sylbaris (1 June 1874 – 1929) was an Afro-Caribbean man who was one of the few survivors in the city of Saint-Pierre on the Caribbean island of Martinique during the devastating volcanic eruption of Mount Pelee on May 8, 1902. Saint-Pierre, known as the "Paris of the West Indies", was in the direct path of a pyroclastic flow, which destroyed the city and killed an estimated 30,000 people. Sylbaris later travelled with the Barnum & Bailey circus and became something of an early
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Devastation Trail


recorded during the eruption. Devastation Trail is located off Chain of Craters Road in Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park on the island of Hawaiʻi (also called the Big Island). There is a parking lot, and the trail is wheelchair and stroller accessible.This trail is an easy half-mile walk each way. Ranger-led walks are offered free of charge on a regular basis. Pele's hair and Pele's tears can be seen in their natural environment, well preserved among the cinders. These phenomena are named after Pele
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Pele (deity)


all volcanic activity on the Big Island of Hawaii. Pele shares features similar to other malignant deities inhabiting volcanoes, as in the case of the devil Guayota of Guanche Mythology in Canary Islands (Spain), living on the volcano Teide and was considered by the aboriginal Guanches as responsible for the eruptions of the volcano. Legend told that Pele herself, journeyed on her canoe from the island of Tahiti to Hawaii. When going through with her journeys, it was said that she tried to create her fires on different islands, but
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Pele (deity)


by missionaries to show the superiority of their faith. Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892) wrote a poem about the incident in 1892. An urban legend states that Pele occasionally warns locals of impending eruptions. Appearing in the form of either a beautiful young woman or an elderly woman with white hair, always dressed in a red muumuu, and accompanied by a small white dog, Pele is said to walk along the roads near Kīlauea, but will vanish if passersby stop to help her, similar to the Resurrection Mary or vanishing
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Pele (volcano)


emission source within a dark area in the southeast portion of the patera floor. This distribution of activity, combined with Pele's stability as a hotspot in terms of temperature and power emitted, suggests that Pele is a large, active lava lake, a combination of eruption style and intensity of activity not seen elsewhere on Io. The small hotspots seen in the Galileo data represent areas where the crust of the lava lake breaks up along the margins of the patera, allowing fresh lava to become exposed at the surface. The southeastern
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USS Cincinnati (C-7)


she sailed north, and from 14 February 1899 – 2 December 1901 was out of commission at New York Navy Yard for extensive repairs. From May 1902-January 1903, "Cincinnati" protected American citizens and property in the Caribbean during political disturbances at Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Panama, and brought relief supplies to Martinique after the devastating eruption of Mount Pelee. From January–May 1903, the cruiser sailed in the Mediterranean, then passed through the Suez Canal for four years of duty on the Asiatic Station, based in the
20274335
Louis Mouttet


2,500-foot volcanic peak of Mount Pelee had dominated the north island of Martinique for thousands of years. Although the early colonists were made aware that it was a volcano, previous eruptions in 1792 and 1851 had been minor. However, in 1900 and 1901, sulphurous fumes were observed issuing from vents near the mountain. In early 1902, the volcano reawakened, sending plumes of smoke and steam into the skies. Earth tremors began in February, becoming more frequent over the next two months. In April, hosts of insects, snakes
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Types of volcanic eruptions


tears and Pele's hair), and produce fewer molten lava flows (although the eruptive material does tend to form small rivulets). Volcanoes known to have Strombolian activity include: Vulcanian eruptions are a type of volcanic eruption, named after the volcano Vulcano. It was named so following Giuseppe Mercalli's observations of its 1888–1890 eruptions. In Vulcanian eruptions, intermediate viscous magma within the volcano make it difficult for vesiculate gases to escape. Similar to Strombolian eruptions, this leads to the buildup of high gas pressure, eventually popping the
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Louis Mouttet


Louis Guillaume Mouttet (6 October 1857 – 8 May 1902) was a French colonial official who served as Governor of Cote d'Ivoire in 1898 and Governor of French Guiana from 1898 till 1901. Appointed Governor of Martinique in 1901, he was killed along with his wife in the eruption of Mount Pelee on 8 May 1902, which completely destroyed the city of St. Pierre. Born into a French Huguenot farming family of modest origins in Marseille, Mouttet espoused extremely radical socialist views in his early years. His parents were Jean Louis Victor
20444644
Mount Bachelor


little pyroclastic rock. There is no summit crater. Lava flows from Mount Bachelor's summit feature phenocrysts including clinopyroxene, olivine (more rare), and plagioclase, with two phases for the clinopyroxene featuring augite and pigeonite. Textures for these eruptive products vary from intersectal to intergranular, seriate to glomeroporphyritic to subophitic, and trachytic to non-aligned. Bachelor last erupted between 10,000 and 8,000 years ago, and is entirely covered with Mazama Ash from the catastrophic eruption of Mount Mazama about 6,845 years ago. There is no geothermal activity
4103226
Littoral cone


on the other Hawaiian volcanoes. The Puu Oo and Mauna Ulu eruptions of Kilauea have also formed small littoral cones. Examples of littoral cones include Sand Hills (1840 eruption) on Kilauea in Hawaii, 'Au'au, Nā Pu'u a Pele, Pu'u Hou (1868 eruption) and Pu'u Kī (eruption 1300 years ago) at Mauna Loa on Hawaii, a cone close to Villamil at Sierra Negra, Galapagos, Eldborg (1800 years ago) at Hengill on Iceland, a cone in the Winter Water unit of the Columbia Plateau
2209564
Leamington, Ontario


77 (to Highway 401). A rail line that Heinz built from its plant to the harbour has been converted to a bicycle path going from the middle of town to the Marina. Two ferries, (MV "Jiimaan" and MV "Pelee Islander") owned by the Owen Sound Transportation Company, run on a regularly scheduled seasonal basis from Leamington to Pelee Island. The H. J. Heinz company established a factory in 1908 in Leamington. The Heinz products are shipped from the city with both English and French labels,
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Pele's tears


within the lava they are spherical in shape. If the eruption is turbulent the vesicles will deform and become elongated in shape. If the velocity is low they will retain their spherical shape as in the case of Pele's tears. The composition of a magma chamber includes lava, crystals and gases known as volatiles. At high pressures within the magma chamber, gases are dissolved in the melt and are soluble. As the magma rises, the pressure decreases and the gases come out of solution. Some of these gases escape and
6287383
Io (moon)


are often the site of volcanic eruptions, either from lava flows spreading across the floors of the paterae, as at an eruption at Gish Bar Patera in 2001, or in the form of a lava lake. Lava lakes on Io either have a continuously overturning lava crust, such as at Pele, or an episodically overturning crust, such as at Loki. Lava flows represent another major volcanic terrain on Io. Magma erupts onto the surface from vents on the floor of paterae or on the plains from fissures, producing inflated,
21463799
2202 Pele


2202 Pele, provisional designation , is an eccentric asteroid and near-Earth object of the Amor group, approximately 1–2 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by American astronomer Arnold Klemola at the U.S. Lick Observatory on Mount Hamilton, California, on 7 September 1972. The asteroid was named after Pele from native Hawaiian religion. "Pele" orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.1–3.5 AU once every 3 years and 6 months (1,265 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.51 and an inclination of 9° with respect
2067765
Mount Mazama


has referred to the 7,700 years ago Mazama eruption as the largest explosive eruption within the Cascades in the past million years, and one of the largest eruptions during the Holocene epoch. Considering Mazama's eruptive output within the past 420,000 years, it may have produced more than of eruptive volume, making it either the third or fourth most productive Quaternary volcanic center in the Cascade Range. The eruption had a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 7, as determined from eruption cloud height, eruptive volume, and qualitative observations. Since the climactic eruption
10950944
Mount Natib


at the point of convergence of the two calderas. The caldera complex has an overall base diameter of . There are no historical eruptions within the Natib caldera complex. Studies in 1991 (Panum and Rayem) indicate that the last eruptive activity was probably Holocene to upper Pleistocene. An earlier study in 1971 (Ebasco Services) dated the eruptive products between 69,000 +/- 27,000 years old. A recent study by Dr. Kevin Rodolfo of the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago, had Mount Natib's
12787638
Mount Mageik


Mount Mageik is a stratovolcano on the Alaska Peninsula. It has no confirmed historical eruptions (one in 1946 is now deemed questionable), but its youngest eruptive products are apparently Holocene in age (8750 to 500 BCE). A young crater lies on the northeast flank of the central summit cone, and is the site of vigorous superheated fumarolic activity with prominent sulfur deposits. The volcanic cones are composed of andesite, basaltic andesite and dacite. The volcano is mantled in ash from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta and from the 1953
1460252
Volcanology of Io


short-chain sulfur) and black (from silicate pyroclastics) surface deposits, including large -wide red rings, as seen at Pele. The erupted sulfurous components of Pele-type plumes are thought to be the result of an excess amount of sulfur in Io's crust and a decrease in sulfur solubility at greater depths in Io's lithosphere. They are generally fainter than Prometheus-type plumes as a result of the low dust content, causing some to be called stealth plumes. These plumes are sometimes only seen in images acquired
7609418
Risque (comics)


Pele, the Hawaiian goddess of the volcano. This prevents the Lava Men from using the Gem to activate ancient 'Deviant' machinery. Every volcano on Earth would have erupted if the Lava Men plan succeeded. It turns out, though, that 'Risque' was in fact Pele herself and the real Risque, who had come to find the Heart, was still asleep on the beach. The team reunites with the real Gloria Muñoz and vacation on the island together. Shortly after the incident in Hawaii, the psychic and
8949460
Surt (volcano)


Several eruptions have been observed at Surt since it was discovered by "Voyager 1". The first eruption observed by Earth-based astronomers following the discovery of Ionian volcanism took place at Surt on June 11, 1979, between the "Voyager 1" and "Voyager 2" flybys. When "Voyager 2" encountered the Jupiter system in July 1979, the eruption appeared to have ceased, but a fresh, -wide plume deposit was observed surrounding Surt. This plume deposit was suggestive of an active Pele-type plume at
13562878
Tempest Anderson


Tempest Anderson (7 December 1846–26 August 1913)) was an ophthalmic surgeon at York County Hospital in the United Kingdom, and an expert amateur photographer and vulcanologist. He was a member of the Royal Society Commission which was appointed to investigate the aftermath of the eruptions of Soufriere volcano, St Vincent and Mont Pelee, Martinique, West Indies which both erupted in May 1902. Some of his photographs of these eruptions were subsequently published in his book, "Volcanic Studies in Many Lands". He was born in York, was
5951228
Molokini


has made the experience less attractive. In Hawaiian legend, Molokini was a beautiful woman. She and Pele, the fire goddess, were in love with the same man. The jealous Pele cut her rival in two and transformed her into stone. The woman's head is supposedly Puu Olai, the cinder cone by Makena Beach. This is one of various legends involving Molokini Crater. Potassium-argon dating by Yoshitomo Nishimitsu of Kyoto University indicates that Molokini erupted approximately 230,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence, primarily in the form of
10004684
John Browning


Church) in Georgia beginning on March 28, 1887. He married Rachel Theresa Child (14 Sep 1860 – 30 Sep 1934) on April 10, 1879 at Ogden, Weber County, Utah Territory, and the couple had 10 children, two of whom died in infancy. Production examples of the Model 1885 Single Shot Rifle caught the attention of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company, who dispatched a representative to evaluate the competition. Winchester bought the design for $8,000 and moved production to their Connecticut factory. From 1883, Browning
16942681
Second Battle of Mount Hermon


with his company in the western entrance of the village and join the Brigade column. At around 07:30, Drori quickly briefed Peled, Dror and his company commanders, the reconnaissance company deputy commander and the tank platoon commander, near the bridge over Wadi Sa'ar. In the ten-minute brief, Drori explained that the 17th Battalion would advance on half-tracks on the road to the outpost. The column was to be led by the two tanks, while the reduced 51st Battalion and half of the reconnaissance company were to move
7408084
Volcanology of Io


observed by "Voyager 1" in 1979 were also observed throughout the "Galileo" mission and by "New Horizons" in 2007. Although the dust plume can be clearly seen in sunlit visible-light images of Io acquired by passing spacecraft, many Prometheus-type plumes have an outer halo of fainter, more gas-rich material reaching heights approaching that of the larger, Pele-type plumes. Io's largest plumes, Pele-type plumes, are created when sulfur and sulfur dioxide gas exsolve from erupting magma at
7609416
Mount Pinatubo


inflation). Education for thousands of children was seriously disrupted by the destruction of schools in the eruption. The eruption of Pinatubo severely hampered the economic development of the surrounding areas. The gross regional domestic product of the Pinatubo area accounted for about 10% of the total Philippine gross domestic product. The GRDP had been growing at 5% annually before the eruption, but fell by more than 3% from 1990 to 1991. In 1991, damage to crops and property was estimated at $374 million (or $ million today
19233446
Frank A. Perret


, leading to a new factory in Springfield in Massachusetts. By 1900, Perret went to Italy to improve his health where he met the director of government laboratories in the volcanological observatory on Mount Vesuvius, RV Matteucci. It is going assume that this man introduced him in the volcanology and he began to be interested in this. The elevator production system was acquired in 1906 by the Otis Elevator Company. Due to ongoing health problems, he left his company in 1904. In 1906, he also observed together with Matteucci an eruption
18578255
Pompeii (film)


their eloquence, whose influence can be seen throughout the film in the destruction of Pompeii. The depiction of the eruption is based on eruptions which occurred all over the world over the last ten years. Anderson cites the volcanic eruption of Mount Etna in Italy and various eruptions of Japanese volcanoes as specific examples of volcanic eruptions which the production crew observed through footage which has been captured on film. Furthermore, Anderson wanted to portray the lightning which is often seen in the ash cloud above eruptions, as he had never seen it portrayed
17602245
Pelee, Ontario


service to Pelee. "Pelee Islander" was built at Erieau, Ontario in 1960. In June 2015, the Ontario Government announced that it would invest $40 million in a new ferry, to replace MV "Pelee Islander". A tender has been awarded to Asenav of Chile to build the replacement ferry, which will carry 399 passengers and 34 vehicles. During the winter season (starting December 11 until the start of the ferry the next year) Pelee Island Transportation Company operates an air service to the Pelee Island Airport
3540964
Nguna


Nguna Island is an outer island off the north coast of Efate, Vanuatu in Undine Bay. It is neighbored to the east by Pele Island and to the west by Moso Island. The island is bisected by two extinct volcano craters, the highest of which is the peak of Mount Taputoara at tall. The Nguna-Pele Marine Protected Area Network was established in 2003 as a way to conserve and protect the fragile and unique reef environment around the Nguna and Pele Islands. Sixteen communities on the two islands work together to maintain
20204905
Lassen Peak


fissures on the volcano. In total, about 400 eruptions were observed between 1914 and 1921, which were the last eruptions in the Cascades before the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, which was the only other volcanic eruption in the contiguous United States during the 20th century. During its eruptions in the early 20th century, Lassen Peak attracted widespread media attention as the first volcano to erupt in the United States during the 20th century. Unlike eruptions at Mount Baker, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, or Mount Hood during the
549392
Second Battle of Mount Hermon


meters from the foot of Hill 1614, the Syrian 183rd Commando Battalion deployed on the hill opened fire. Soon, several soldiers were hit. The battle continued until around 16:00, with Peled first trying to flank the Syrians from the right (east) with a reduced Company B. The flanking failed, and the company medical aidman was killed and three fighters wounded during the retreat. After that, a platoon was sent to flank from the west, again covered by the reconnaissance company, but the commander was killed and the force
7408091
Caldwell First Nation


of the British during the War of 1812. In consideration of this service, they were promised land at Point Pelee. The First Nation continued to occupy Point Pelee, with the support of the Canadian government, up until the late 1850s. In the 1920s, many of the band members were forced out of Point Pelee when the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, along with local law enforcement agencies, burned their homes in the area in an effort to force them from their traditional lands. In May 1790, representatives of certain Ottawa
20315411
Pele Island


-Pele Marine Protected Area covers a total area of 11.5 sq. mi., including numerous reefs, sea grass beds, mangrove forests and intertidal lagoons. The Nguna-Pele Marine Protection Agency is located in the village of Piliura, and mounts an exhibition and sells T-shirts. Income from tourism is distributed by the Village Tourism Committee and supports aims as village water supply projects. The island can be visited daily by boat from the Paonangisu area by the town of Emua on Éfaté's north coast. There are also
21978875
Second Battle of Mount Hermon


were wounded. After the mines were cleared, the two tanks and three half-tracks moved ahead, under the command of Captain Aryeh Peled. About 500 meters after the "tank curve", the Syrian blocking force fired antitank and sniper fire at the Israelis, and stopped them. Eight Company B soldiers were killed and many wounded near the upper ski lift. A Company B platoon sent parallel to the motorized column to assist Company C was climbing the ridgeline uncoordinated with the Company C commander arrived at the lower part of
7408110
Novarupta


larger eruptions occurred in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) during the 19th century: the 1815 eruption of Tambora ( of tephra) and the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa ( of tephra). The Novarupta eruption occurred about from the peak of Mount Katmai Volcano and below the post-eruption Mount Katmai summit. During the eruption a large quantity of magma erupted from beneath the Mount Katmai area, resulting in the formation of a wide, funnel-shaped vent and the collapse of Mount Katmai's summit, creating a deep,
3120021
Helenite


Helenite, also known as Mount St. Helens obsidian, emerald obsidianite, and ruby obsidianite, is an artificial glass made from the fused volcanic rock dust from Mount St. Helens and marketed as a gemstone. Helenite was first created accidentally after the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980. Workers from the Weyerhaeuser Timber Company were attempting to salvage equipment damaged after the volcanic eruption. Using acetylene torches, they noticed that the intense heat was melting the nearby volcanic ash and rock and turning it a greenish color. The silica, aluminium,
5012811
Wednesday Theatre


production, by Ron Callanderbr 35. "Almost a Honeymoon" (aired 31 Aug. 1966). Previously aired in the UKbr 36. "The Stag "(aired 7 Sep. 1966) Previously aired in the UKbr 37. "The Interior Decorator" (aired 14 Sep. 1966) Previously aired in the UKbr 38. "A Crack in the Ice" (aired 21 Sep. 1966). By Ronald Eyrebr 39. "Hamlet" (aired 28 Sep. 1966) British production, starring Laurence Olivier.br 40. "Flight into
9861872
Yaron Peled


Yaron Peled (, born May 23, 1969) is an Israeli producer and entrepreneur. Peled graduated from the Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium and served in the Israeli air force. He is the son of Miki Peled, one of Israel's most notable Impresarios. He is married with two kids and lives in Hofit. Since 2003 Peled has been a partner in Solan Hafakot, the company producing the Festigal - a well known annual Israeli song and dance show for children starring some of the country's most notable performers. As part of
19918714
Mount Rainier


and what they are capable of in the future, including Mount Rainier. Of these, only two have erupted since the beginning of the twentieth century: Lassen in 1915 and St. Helens in 1980 and 2004. However, past eruptions in this volcanic arc have multiple examples of sub-plinian eruptions or higher: Crater Lake's last eruption as Mount Mazama was large enough to cause its cone to collapse, and Mt. Rainier's closest neighbor, Mount St. Helens, produced the largest eruption in the continental United States when it erupted
6780958
Exploration of Io


the same site as the 1999 lava curtain. Owing to Tvashtar's proximity to Io's north pole and its large size, most images of Io from "New Horizons" showed a large plume over Tvashtar, providing the first detailed observations of the largest class of Ionian volcanic plumes since observations of Pele's plume in 1979. "New Horizons" also captured images of a volcano near Girru Patera in the early stages of an eruption, and surface changes from several volcanic eruptions that have occurred since "Galileo", such as
10898234
Submarine eruption


pyroclastic activity can occur at depth. This includes observations of Pele's hair and evidence of caldera collapse. This activity is thought to be common at subduction zones due to recycling of the lithosphere. It is not exclusive to these plate margins, occurring at hotspots and ocean ridges. An example is Loihi near Hawaii where both effusive and explosive activity occurs at 2000 m depth. Two formations associated with submarine eruptions are seamounts and pillow lavas. Pillow lavas are created due to rapid cooling of lava which forms a skin. As more
20504661
Io (moon)


plume since observations of Pele's plume in 1979. "New Horizons" also captured images of a volcano near "Girru Patera" in the early stages of an eruption, and several volcanic eruptions that have occurred since "Galileo". There is one current and one forthcoming mission planned for the Jovian system. "Juno", launched on 5 August 2011, has limited imaging capabilities, but it could monitor Io's volcanic activity using its near-infrared spectrometer, JIRAM. The Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE) is
21463764
Second Battle of Mount Hermon


sense of time was distorted, and they said that they escaped only one day before. At 06:47, Drori radioed Hofi, updated him on the survivors, and asked for a go-ahead, which Hofi granted. When the go-ahead was given, Drori consulted with Peled and decided that the attack would be carried out by the following forces: The 51st Battalion with the battalion command post, the second company and the battalion collecting station; the 17th Battalion with the battalion command post and two squad commanders course companies
7408081
Mount Pinatubo


of quiet, seismic activity began, growing more and more intense over the next twenty-four hours, until a three-minute eruptive blast generated a high eruption column at 13:09 on June 14. Tephra fall from these four large eruptions was extensive to the southwest of the volcano. Two hours after the last of these four explosions, a series of eruptions began which lasted for the next twenty-four hours, and which saw the production of much larger pyroclastic flows and surges which travelled several kilometres down river valleys on the
19233435
Mount Mihara


Mount Mihara's major eruption in 1986 saw lava fountains up to high. The eruption had a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 3, and involved a central vent eruption, radial fissure eruption, explosive eruption, lava flows, and a lava lake eruption. There was also a 16 km high subplinian plume. All of the island's 12,000 inhabitants were evacuated by dozens of vessels consisting of both the military and civilian volunteers. The most recent eruption was in 1990. In the realm of fiction, Mount Mihara was the place where the
18662194
Mount Cayley volcanic field


at Mount Fee does not display evidence of interaction with glacial ice. The remaining products from Fee's earliest volcanic activity is a minor portion of pyroclastic rock. This is evidence of explosive volcanism from Fee's eruptive history, as well as its first volcanic event. The second volcanic event produced a sequence of lavas and breccias on the eastern flank of the main ridge. These volcanics were likely deposited when a sequence of lava flows and broken lava fragments erupted from a volcanic vent and moved down the flanks during the construction of a
10425356
Mount Erebus


the volcano is a shield and the top half is a stratocone. The composition of the current eruptive products of Erebus are anorthoclase-porphyritic tephritic phonolite and phonolite, which are the bulk of exposed lava flow on the volcano. The oldest eruptive products consist of relatively undifferentiated and nonviscous basanite lavas that form the low broad platform shield of Erebus. Slightly younger basanite and phonotephrite lavas crop out on Fang Ridge—an eroded remnant of an early Erebus volcano—and at other isolated locations on the flanks of Erebus. Erebus is the
1970555
The Nightmare Neighbour Next Door


Sep 22, 2016—Marion and her son Jason have lived quietly in a peaceful suburb of Birmingham for 15 years. But their peace is shattered when new neighbours start making changes to their garden. Tempers flare, violence erupts and knives come out. 5x2 Episode 2 --Air date Sep 29, 2016—The Boltons and the Gardners battle to see who can play their stereo the loudest. Widow Dawn is distressed a neighbour's complaint 5x3 Episode 3 --Air date Oct 06, 2016—Terry wants to oust his party-loving neighbour, Brian & Jane regret
11241079
Pompeii: The Last Day


Pompeii: The Last Day is a 2003 dramatized documentary that tells of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius on August 24 79 AD. This eruption covered the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in ash and pumice, killing everyone trapped between the volcano and the sea. The documentary, which portrays the different phases of the eruption, was directed by Peter Nicholson and written by Edward Canfor-Dumas. The film was directed and produced by the BBC in co-production with TLC. This was the highest rated specialist factual programme of the
14603805
Abe Peled


that company's pay TV strategy. NDS was a public company listed on NASDAQ: NNDS between November 1999 to February 2009, and was taken private in February 2009 at a $3.6B valuation, and is now jointly owned by Permira, the majority shareholder, and News Corporation. In July 2012 Cisco acquired NDS Group Ltd. for $5B. From July 2012 to January 2014 Peled served as a Senior Vice President Strategy in Cisco's Video and Collaboration Group. Peled currently is a Senior Advisor to Permira private equity, is on the
347270
Volcanology of New Zealand


productive area of recent silicic volcanic activity, with the highest concentration of young rhyolitic volcanoes. Mount Ruapehu marks its southwestern end, and it continues up through Ngauruhoe, Tongariro, Lake Taupo, the Whakamaru, Mangakino, Maroa, Reporoa, and Rotorua calderas, the Okataina Volcanic Complex (including Mount Tarawera) and 85 kilometres beyond White Island to the submarine Whakatane volcano. The TVZ also contains numerous smaller volcanoes, along with geysers and geothermal areas. Volcanic eruptions began here around two million years ago, with silicic eruptions starting around
10673507
Geology of the Democratic Republic of the Congo


Kisangani) and often recharge rapidly. The Lubumbashi dolomites in southern Katanaga can be highly productive, although the presence of schist and gypsum in the carbonates sometimes results in high mineralization. Three main aquifers in the Watsa area in Oriental Province are in fractured Precambrian crystalline basement rock. Eastern DRC has several active volcanoes. The eruption of Mount Nyiragongo in January, 2002, killed 45 people in the major eastern city of Goma and lava flows destroyed the city's airport flowing toward Lake Kivu. The eruption of Mount Nyamulagira on November 27
16372110
Hogg Rock


lack of suitable ledges and high amounts of human disturbance. Wildflowers and bracken ferns occur along roadways. The area has previously been affected by fires. North Sister and Mount Washington mark isolated volcanic centers among the highly mafic (rich in magnesium and iron) platform of the central High Cascades. About 4.5 million years ago, eruption of mafic lava filled a subsiding Pliocene depression, creating the modern mafic edifice of the High Cascades. Compared to the eruptive products at and near North Sister, lava deposits at Mount Washington have a greater
5568059
Cascade Volcanoes


lacking new eruptions keep in touch to positions of fracture zones that offset the Gorda Ridge, Explorer Ridge and the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The volcanoes with historical eruptions include: Mount Rainier, Glacier Peak, Mount Baker, Mount Hood, Lassen Peak, and Mount Shasta. Renewed volcanic activity in the Cascade Arc, such as the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, has offered a great deal of evidence about the structure of the Cascade Arc. One effect of the 1980 eruption was a greater knowledge of the influence of landslides
1381857
Sangkuriang


been two Plinian type of eruptions of ancient Mount Sunda dated respectively at 105000 and 55000–50000 BP. The second plinian eruption has caused ancient Gunung Sunda's caldera to collapse and create mount Tangkuban Parahu, Mount Burangrang (Mount Sunda), and Mount Bukit Tunggul. It is more likely that the ancient Sundanese have lived in the Bandung area long before 16,000 years BP and witnessed the second Plinian eruption which wiped out settlements west of the Cikapundung river (north and northwest of Bandung) during the 55000–50000 eruption period when Mount Tangkuban Parahu was
5967227
Pelee, Ontario


Essex County. The township comprises nine islands, the largest being Pelee Island, and including Middle Island, Middle Sister Island, Hen Island, Big Chicken Island, Little Chicken Island, Chick Island, East Sister Island, and North Harbour Island. The total land area of all islands in the township is . The island is serviced by two ferries, MV "Jiimaan" and MV "Pelee Islander" (owned by Pelee Island Transportation Company, a subsidiary of the OSTC). MV "Jiimaan" is the largest passenger
3540960
Yossi Peled


during the Holocaust. After the war, his mother reclaimed him, and they made aliyah to what became Israel with the assistance of the Jewish Brigade. Peled studied history at Tel Aviv University, gaining a BA, and later settled in kibbutz Negba. He is divorced and the father of two children. Peled served in the Israel Defense Forces for 30 years. During the Six-Day War, Peled was a company commander in the 9th Battalion of the 7th Armored Brigade of the 84th Armored Division, under General Israel Tal
4236604
Théâtre Lyrique


from previous productions. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in the final tableau triggered laughter. "Galignani's Messenger" (30 September 1869) wrote: "The two or three squibs spit forth by the convulsed volcano are conducive to mirth alone. … We can assure M. Pasdeloup that no country theatre in Italy would have ventured to put off the public with such a wretched apology for an eruption." This opera was only performed 13 times. In an attempt to recover from so many poorly received productions, Pasdeloup's next new
17740731
Semporna Peninsula


Andrassy, Mount Wullersdorf, and Mount Lucia; microdiorite, small hills north of Tawau; and diorite at Sangster and Forbes Hills in the Kalumpang Valley. In the Late Pliocene, andesitic lava and ash erupted from Magdalena-Lucia, Mount Andrassy, Mount Wullersdorf and Mount Pock, with these eruptions now forming the highest landform of the region. Rhyolite was later extruded from Mount Wullersdorf, Mount Andrassy and Glass Hill, and at the end of the Pliocene dacite was erupted from Mount Maria. The coastal platform was formed during the
18297426
1815 eruption of Mount Tambora


The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora was one of the most powerful in recorded history, with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 7. It is the most recently known VEI-7 event and the only unambiguously confirmed VEI-7 eruption since the Lake Taupo eruption in about 180 AD. Mount Tambora is on the island of Sumbawa in present-day Indonesia, then part of the Dutch East Indies. Although its eruption reached a violent climax on 10 April 1815, increased steaming and small phreatic eruptions occurred during the next six months to three
16810541
Mount Garibaldi


plans. Volcanoes which exhibit significant seismic activity, such as Mount Garibaldi, appear to be most likely to erupt. A significant eruption of any of the Garibaldi belt volcanoes would significantly impact Highway 99 and communities like Pemberton, Whistler and Squamish, and possibly Vancouver. Explosive eruptions from Mount Garibaldi would pose a severe threat to the nearby communities of Whistler and Squamish. Although no Plinian eruptions have been identified in Garibaldi's eruptive history, even Peléan eruptions could create large amounts of ash that could significantly affect these local communities. Ash
7591170
Mount Merapi


38 metres lower than before the 2010 eruptions. After a large eruption in 2010 the characteristic of Mount Merapi was changed. On 18 November 2013 Mount Merapi burst smoke up to 2,000 meters high, one of its first major phreatic eruptions after the 2010 eruption. Researchers said that this eruption occurred due to combined effect of hot volcanic gases and abundant rainfall. The last eruption was so far 11 May 2018 The name "Merapi" could be loosely translated as the Mountain of Fire. The etymology of the name came from "Meru
9740993