Ribblehead Viaduct [SEP] crosses
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Ribblehead Viaduct


The Ribblehead Viaduct or Batty Moss Viaduct carries the Settle–Carlisle railway across Batty Moss in the Ribble Valley at Ribblehead, in North Yorkshire, England. The viaduct, built by the Midland Railway, is north-west of Skipton and south-east of Kendal. It is a Grade II* listed structure. Ribblehead Viaduct is the longest and the third tallest structure on the Settle–Carlisle line. The viaduct was designed by John Sydney Crossley, chief engineer of the Midland Railway, who was responsible for the design and
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Ribblehead Viaduct


and construction of the major works, including Ribblehead Viaduct. On 6 November 1869, a contract to construct the Settle Junction (SD813606) to Dent Head Viaduct section including Ribblehead Viaduct was awarded to contractor John Ashwell. The estimated cost was £343,318 and completion was expected by May 1873. Work commenced at the southern end of the line. By July 1870, work had started on the foundations for Ribblehead Viaduct. On 12 October 1870, contractor’s agent William Henry Ashwell laid the first stone. Financial difficulties came to greatly
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Ribblehead


Roman Road across Batty Moss crosses the railway line just north of Ribblehead station, just before the viaduct begins. and past the Station Inn. The modern B6255 road follows its line. Plans to update a smaller Roman road to Ingleborough road for the stone traffic are being opposed. Archaeological research revealed the presence of a Scandinavian farmstead, with 3 large buildings around a paved farmyard, including a longhouse and a smithy, and suggesting that the present weathered conditions date from later than this farmstead of around the 9th century. The viaduct
21501847
Richmond to Lancaster Turnpike


took on a more demanding role, with the inn at Gearstones, becoming less utilised. From Gearstones, the route uses the B6255 (the entire route from Hawes to Ingleton is now this road) and the turnpike passed under the Settle-Carlisle railway between Ribblehead station and Ribblehead Viaduct, before crossing into Doedale to go into Ingleton. At Chapel-le-Dale, the old Roman Road crosses to the north bank of the River Doe, and follows the river and the B6255 south westwards into Ingleton. The original Roman
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Ribblehead Viaduct


the arches to support the stone slabs of the viaduct’s deck and hollow spandrels support plain solid parapet walls. In total, 1.5 million bricks were used; some of the limestone blocks weigh eight tons. Ribblehead Viaduct is above sea level on moorland exposed to the prevailing westerly wind. Its height, from foundation to rails is . It is long on a lateral curve with a radius of . The viaduct is the longest structure on the Settle–Carlisle Railway which has two taller viaducts, Smardale Viaduct at near Crosby Garrett,
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Ribblehead Viaduct


September 1874 the first train carrying passengers was hauled across by the locomotive "Diamond". On 3 August 1875, the viaduct was opened for freight traffic and on 1 May 1876, the whole line opened for passenger services, following approval by Colonel F. H. Rich from the Board of Trade. Ribblehead Viaduct is long, and above the valley floor at its highest point, it was designed to carry a pair of tracks aligned over the sleeper walls. The viaduct has 24 arches of span, the foundations of which are deep
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Borders Railway


viaduct crosses the River North Esk, a single-arch span built for the Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway between 1829 and 1831, which is one of Scotland's oldest railway bridges. This is soon followed by the 23-arch Newbattle Viaduct between Eskbank and Newtongrange, where the single-track runs down the centre of the structure as is the case for the Ribblehead Viaduct on the Settle-Carlisle Line. The second double-track section begins at Fushiebridge Junction and continues for to just beyond the site of Tynehead station. A single-
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Ribblehead


Ribblehead is the area of moorland at the head of the River Ribble in the area known as Ribblesdale, in the Yorkshire Dales National Park, England. Ribblehead is most notable for Ribblehead railway station and Ribblehead Viaduct on the Settle to Carlisle railway. It is in North Yorkshire with its nearest town being Ingleton. It has some accommodation catering mainly for hikers and a small local population. It is also a point on the Dales Way and Yorkshire Three Peaks walks, in sight of major local peaks including Ingleborough and Whernside. The
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Ribblehead Viaduct


fighting, or from outbreaks of smallpox. According to Church of England records, there are around 200 burials of men, women, and children in the graveyard at Chapel-le-Dale and the church has a memorial to the railway workers. In December 1872, the design for Ribblehead Viaduct was changed from 18 arches to 24, each spanning . By August 1874, the arches had been keyed and the last stone was laid by the end of the year. A single track was laid over the viaduct and on 6
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Ribblehead Viaduct


and Arten Gill at . Ribblehead railway station is less than half a mile to the south and to the north is Blea Moor Tunnel, the longest on the line, near the foot of Whernside. During 1964, several Humber cars were blown off their wagons while being carried over the viaduct on a freight train. By 1980, the viaduct was in disrepair and many of its piers had been weakened by water ingress. Between 1981 and 1984, repairs were undertaken as a cost of roughly £100,000. Repairs included strengthening the
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Ribblehead Viaduct


piers by the addition of steel rails and concrete cladding. For safety reasons, the line was reduced to single track across the viaduct to avoid the simultaneous loading from two trains crossing and a 20mph speed limit was imposed. During 1988, minor repairs were carried out and trial bores were made into several piers. In 1989, a waterproof membrane was installed. In the 1980s, British Rail proposed closing the line, citing the high cost of repairs to its major structures. Vigorous campaigning by the Friends of the Settle-
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Ribblehead Viaduct


Carlisle Line, formed during 1981, garnered and mobilised public support against the plan. In 1989, the line was saved from closure. According to Michael Portillo, who took the decision, the economic arguments for closing it had been weakened by a spike in passenger numbers, and further studies by engineers had determined that restoration work would not be nearly as costly as estimated. In November 1988, Ribblehead Viaduct was Grade II* listed. The surrounding land where the remains of its construction camps are located has been recognised as a
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Yorkshire Dales


that lead to beautiful waterfalls and by the picturesque villages. The latter include Kirkby Lonsdale, Hawes, Appletreewick, Masham, Clapham, Long Preston and Malham. The 73 mile-long Settle–Carlisle line railway, operated by Network Rail, runs through the National Park using tunnels and viaducts, including Ribblehead. The top-rated attractions according to travellers using the Trip Advisor site include Aysgarth Falls, Malham Cove (scenic walking areas), Ingleborough (hiking trails) and Ribblehead Viaduct. The dales are 'U' and
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Ribblehead Viaduct


scheduled ancient monument. Between 1990 and 1992, Ribblehead Viaduct underwent major restoration. Between September 1999 and March 2001, a programme of improvements was implemented involving renewal of track, replacement of ballast and the installation of new drainage. Restoration has allowed for increased levels of freight traffic assuring the line's viability. The Settle–Carlisle Line is one of three north–south main lines, along with the West Coast Main Line through Penrith and the East Coast Main Line via Newcastle. During 2016, the line carried seven passenger trains
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1995 Ais Gill rail accident


, which was repealed later in 1995. A Class 156 Super-Sprinter formed the 1626 Carlisle to Leeds via Settle service (headcode 2H88). It could only proceed as far as Ribblehead railway station, about 12 miles north of Settle, as the lines from Ribblehead to Settle were blocked by flooding; so it had to return to Carlisle. The driver changed cabs as the train was now heading northbound instead of southbound, and proceeded back over the Ribblehead Viaduct, and on to Aisgill Summit, the highest point on the
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Ribblehead railway station


Ribblehead railway station is located at the southern end of the famous Ribblehead Viaduct in North Yorkshire, England. It is operated by Northern who provide all passenger train services. The station was designed by the Midland Railway company architect John Holloway Sanders. It was reopened in 1986 by British Rail with only one platform (the southbound one) in place - the northbound one having been demolished after the station's original closure in May 1970 to allow for the construction of transfer sidings for a nearby quarry (these still exist and have recently
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Ribblehead Viaduct


from Leeds to Carlisle per day in each direction, and long-distance excursions, many hauled by preserved steam locomotives. Regular heavy freight trains use the route avoiding congestion on the West Coast Main Line. Colas Rail operate a timber train most Friday afternoons which passes over the viaduct when it departs its yard opposite Ribblehead railway station. Limestone aggregate trains from Arcow quarry sidings (near ) run to various stone terminals in the Leeds and Manchester areas on different days – these trains reverse in the goods loop at Blea Moor signal box
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Settle–Carlisle line


The Settle–Carlisle line (also known as the "Settle and Carlisle" (S&C)) is a main railway line in northern England. The route, which crosses the remote, scenic regions of the Yorkshire Dales and the North Pennines, runs between Settle Junction, on the Leeds to Morecambe line, and , near the English-Scottish borders. The historic line was constructed in the 1870s and has several notable tunnels and viaducts such as the imposing Ribblehead. The line is a part of the National Rail network that
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Chapel-le-Dale


Chapel-le-Dale is a hamlet in the civil parish of Ingleton, North Yorkshire, England. It is in the Yorkshire Dales and was previously in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The hamlet is situated on the B6255 road between Ingleton and Ribblehead near to the Ribblehead Viaduct. The name derives from Old French and literally means "Chapel in the valley". It was first recorded as "Chappell ith Dale" in 1677. Historically, the hamlet, and its parish, were both in the Wapentake of Ewcross and
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Ingleton, North Yorkshire


are exposed, once exploited by the Ingleton coalfield. The landscape in the north-east of the parish, beyond the Ribblehead Viaduct, is dominated by Devensian glacial deposits, and includes some of the Ribblehead Drumlin Field. Tourism, mostly from hiking and caving, accounts for most of the economic activity of the village, especially in spring and summer. There are craft businesses, such as pottery. Of two quarries in the parish, Ingleton Quarry, owned by Hanson Aggregates, is active and extracts Ordivician greywacke for roadstone but
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Yorkshire Three Peaks


the Settle-Carlisle Railway runs between the mountains, crossing Ribblehead Viaduct at the foot of Whernside. The Three Peaks walk of Pen-y-ghent, Whernside and Ingleborough is probably the original three peak walk within the UK. The first recorded ascent of the three hills was in July 1887 by J. R. Wynne-Edwards and D. R. Smith in a time of 10 hours. The walk covers a distance of to (depending on route) circuit of all three peaks with nearly of ascent and descent. A challenge that
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Dales High Way


way of Feizor and Wharfe before heading for the summit of Ingleborough, one of the Yorkshire Three Peaks and the highest point on the route at . From here it drops down to Chapel-le-Dale and runs below Whernside near the Ribblehead Viaduct, going alongside the railway before crossing Whernside's northern slopes to head for Dentdale and share the route of the Dales Way through Dent. It leaves the Dales Way and Dentdale to follow higher ground to the north to reach Sedbergh. From Sedbergh the path traverses the Howgill Fells,
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Ribblehead Viaduct


trouble John Ashwell; on 26 October 1871, his contract was cancelled by mutual agreement. From this date, the viaduct was constructed by the Midland Railway who worked on a semi-contractual basis overseen by William Ashwell. The viaduct was built by a workforce of up to 2,300 men. They lived, often with their families, in temporary camps, named "Batty Wife Hole", "Sebastopol", and "Belgravia" on adjacent land. More than a hundred workers lost their lives in construction-related accidents,
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Ribblehead Viaduct


1876, the Settle–Carlisle line was opened for passenger services. During the 1980s, British Rail proposed closing the line. In 1989, after lobbying by the public against closure, it was announced that the line would be retained. Since the 1980s, the viaduct has had multiple repairs and restorations and the lines relaid as a single track. The land underneath and around the viaduct is a scheduled ancient monument; the remains of the construction camp and navvy settlements (Batty Wife Hole, Sebastopol, and Belgravia) are located
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Jericho (2016 TV series)


Jericho is a period drama mini-series created and written by Steve Thompson and directed by Paul Whittington. The eight-part series premiered on ITV between 7 January and 25 February 2016. It is set in the fictional town of Jericho, a shanty town in the Yorkshire Dales of England, which springs up around the construction of a railway viaduct in the 1870s. The series re-imagines the story of the building of the Ribblehead Viaduct, which is renamed the Culverdale Viaduct in the show. In April 2016 ITV confirmed
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Sightseers


body at the side of the road. They drive to a mountain, where they set up camp with the Ribblehead Viaduct in sight, the final destination on their holiday. When a hailstorm forces them back inside the caravan, Chris falls asleep and Tina looks at his notebook, finding a drawing of her and Chris standing on the viaduct, about to jump. Martin arrives, with Banjo in the mini-caravan. While Chris is outside, Tina tries to seduce Martin, who is made uncomfortable by her advances and rejects
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Settle–Carlisle line


summit at is at Ais Gill, north of Garsdale. To keep the gradients to less than 1 in 100 (1%), a requirement for fast running using steam traction, huge engineering works were required. Even so, the terrain imposed a climb from Settle to Blea Moor, almost all of it at 1 in 100, and known to enginemen as ‘the long drag’. The line required 14 tunnels and 22 viaducts, the most notable is the 24 arch Ribblehead Viaduct which is high and long. The
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Ingleton, North Yorkshire


the village on the road to Chapel-le-Dale are the show caves at White Scar Caves. An access tunnel has been cut to allow visitors to visit. The Ingleton Waterfalls Trail is a five-mile (8 km) circular walk from the village, opened in 1885. Ingleton Viaduct is a Grade II listed structure in the village. Six miles to the north east on Batty Moss is the Ribblehead Viaduct, a Grade II* listed structure on the Settle and Carlisle Line, and on the land underneath and
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Ribblehead Viaduct


construction of all major structures along the line. The viaduct was necessitated by the challenging terrain of the route. Construction began in late 1869. It necessitated a large workforce, up to 2,300 men, most of whom lived in shanty towns set up near its base. Over 100 men lost their lives during its construction. The Settle to Carlisle line was the last main railway in Britain to be constructed primarily with manual labour. By the end of 1874, the last stone of the structure had been laid; on 1 May
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Ribblehead Viaduct


. The piers are tapered, roughly across at the base and thick near the arches and are have loosely-packed rubble-filled cores. Every sixth pier is 50 per cent thicker, a mitigating measure against collapse should any of the piers fail. The north end is higher in elevation than the south, a gradient of 1:100. The viaduct is faced with limestone masonry set in hydraulic lime mortar and the near-semicircular arches are red brick, constructed in five separate rings, with stone voussoirs. Sleeper walls rise from
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Sightseers


insults Tina and they fight, which ends in them having sex. Chris sets the caravan on fire and kisses Tina. They run to the Ribblehead Viaduct and climb to the top, holding hands. Chris asks Tina if she enjoyed the holiday and she says it was brilliant. He apologises for insulting her and asks if she really wants to kill herself. Just as Chris steps off the viaduct, Tina lets go of his hand, watching as he falls to the ground and dies. Tina stares at her hand as the
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W. R. Mitchell


Press Ltd • "Ghosts of the Settle-Carlisle Railway" (1990) Giggleswick: Castleberg. • "Story of Ribblehead Viaduct" (1990) Settle: Kingfisher Productions. • "Footplate Tales of the Settle-Carlisle Railway" (1990). Giggleswick: Castleberg. • "Garsdale and Aisgill on the Settle-Carlisle Railway" (1991) Giggleswick: Castleberg. • "Nowt's Same: A Light Hearted Review of Dales Life in the 20th Century" (1991) Giggleswick: Castleberg. • "High
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Ribblehead Viaduct


there. In the 1860s, the Midland Railway, keen to capitalise on the growth in rail traffic between England and Scotland, proposed building a line between Settle and Carlisle. The line was intended to join the Midland line between Skipton and Carnforth to the city of Carlisle. On 16 July 1866, the Midland Railway (Settle to Carlisle) Act was passed by Parliament, authorising the company "to construct Railways from Settle to Hawes, Appleby, and Carlisle; and for other Purposes". After the Act passed, the
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River Ribble


that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire, though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire. The Ribble begins at the confluence of the "Gayle Beck" and "Batty Wife Beck" near the viaduct at Ribblehead, in the shadow of the Yorkshire three peaks. It is the only major river rising in Yorkshire which flows westward. It flows through Settle, Clitheroe, Ribchester and Preston, before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes and Southport, a length of . Its main tributaries
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River Ribble


The River Ribble runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire in Northern England. It starts close to the Ribblehead Viaduct in North Yorkshire, and is one of the few that start in the Yorkshire Dales and flow westwards towards the sea (the Dee in Dentdale and the Twiss in Kingsdale being notable others). Neolithic to Saxon finds from along the River Ribble during the creation of the Preston Docks and others revealed man has been in the area for a long time. The River Ribble looked completely different then and the coastline is likely to
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Frederick Henry Rich


(including the driver and fireman of the special train) were seriously injured. Rich recommended "that all stations where there is much shunting, or where stopping trains are liable to be set aside for fast trains to pass, should be provided with refuge sidings" to avoid similar accidents. As well as investigating railway accidents, Rich also inspected new railway lines and other works prior to their opening. These included the Faringdon branch of the GWR (May 1864), the Sidmouth Railway (June 1874), the Ribblehead Viaduct
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Skipton


the bypass (A629) opened in October 1982, greatly reducing journey times to the Dales. Skipton railway station gives access southbound to regular services for Leeds and Bradford on the electrified Airedale Line; northbound services connect to Lancaster, Morecambe and Carlisle; the latter route is along the scenic Settle-Carlisle Railway, passing over the Ribblehead Viaduct. Skipton bus station was rebuilt in 2009. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal runs through Skipton and is a popular destination for tourists, with walking and boat hire. As well as The Skipton
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Ribblehead Viaduct


Midland Railway came to an agreement with the London & North Western Railway, to run services on the LNWR line via Shap. The company applied for a Bill of Abandonment for its original plan but parliament rejected the bill on 16 April 1869 and the Midland Railway was compelled to build the Settle to Carlisle line. The line passed through difficult terrain that necessitated building several substantial structures. The company's chief engineer, John Sydney Crossley and its general manager, James Joseph Allport, surveyed the line. Crossley was responsible for the design
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Blea Moor Tunnel


Blea Moor Tunnel is a 2,629 yd (2,404 m) railway tunnel located between Ribblehead Viaduct and Dent railway station in England. It is the longest tunnel on the Settle-Carlisle Line, being almost twice as long as the second longest tunnel, Rise Hill Tunnel. Built by the Midland Railway, it took more than four years to complete. Construction started in 1872, with dynamite transported from Carlisle and Newcastle in carts to the construction site. The wages on offer to the miners who dug the tunnel were 5s ()
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Settle–Carlisle line


a small branch railway. The campaign uncovered evidence that British Rail had mounted a dirty tricks campaign against the line, exaggerating the cost of repairs (£6 million for Ribblehead Viaduct alone) and diverting traffic away from the line in order to justify its closure plans, a process referred to as closure by stealth. Publicity over British Rail's tactics succeeded in a huge increase in traffic. Journeys per year were 93,000 in 1983 when the campaign began, 450,000 by 1989. As late as August 1988, the British Rail Board
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Ribblehead railway station


ticket machine is provided, so passengers must purchase them on the train or before their journey. Generally there is a train every two hours northbound to Carlisle (eight departures on Mondays to Saturdays) and southbound to Leeds (seven Mon-Fri, plus one extra on Saturdays). One service each day terminates and starts back from here (the last train of the day from Leeds) - this runs empty across the viaduct to reverse at Blea Moor signal box, where the driver changes ends before returning south. Five trains
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Shin Railway Viaduct


The Shin Railway Viaduct (also known as the Invershin Viaduct or Oykel Viaduct) is a railway viaduct that crosses the Kyle of Sutherland.The viaduct carries the Far North Line between Inverness and Wick and Thurso. Invershin railway station is at the north-eastern end of the viaduct, while Culrain railway station is a short distance to the south. It was built for the Sutherland Railway by engineers Joseph Mitchell and Murdoch Paterson. The railway opened to traffic on 13 April 1868. It crosses the river with a single span,
16514162
Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway


railway crossed the River Avon on a viaduct with nine 20-ft spans. At Yarnbrook it crossed the Trowbridge to Westbury road on a viaduct with a central skewed timber truss flanked by two masonry arches. Near Frome at the (later) junction of the Radstock branch there was a two-span truss viaduct. When the Radstock branch was built an adjacent viaduct was built for its alignment, and there were five further river crossings in timber to Radstock. Between Bathampton and Bradford Junction there were at least five timber viaducts: one is
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North Shore Branch


. On February 25, 1937, the Port Richmond–Tower Hill viaduct was completed, becoming the largest grade crossing elimination project in the United States. The viaduct was more than long, and spanned eight grade crossings on the North Shore Branch of the SIRT. The opening of the viaduct marked the final part of a $6 million grade crossing elimination project on Staten Island, which eliminated thirty-four grade crossings on the north and south shores of Staten Island. While the viaduct was being constructed, service on the branch
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Giltbrook Viaduct


GNR); Samuel Abbott was the resident engineer. At Awsworth Junction the railway branched, one line passed over the Bennerley Viaduct, the other turned North towards Pinxton crossing the Giltbrook Viaduct (or Kimberley Viaduct but known locally as Forty Bridges). This viaduct was built of red bricks used to create 43 arched spans with a total length of and a height of . The viaduct was S-shaped and built in four sections. The first section consisted of a single long skew span arch crossing Awsworth Lane followed by 13 arches
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Wichnor Viaduct


Wichnor Viaduct (formerly known as Croxall Viaduct) is a viaduct on the former Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway line near Wychnor, Staffordshire, England now part of the Cross Country Route. It was built in timber by the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway as Croxall Viaduct to cross the River Trent and the River Tame at Wychnor, Staffordshire. There were 52 bays of span each. The contract was let in March 1838 and it was built in just over 1 year. Passenger services began on 12 August 1839. The wooden viaduct
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Lake Seppings


built along the western side of the lake. A car park for access to the path is located along Golf Links Road. Lake Seppings is approximately in length (from north to south) and the north end is approximately in width. The lake narrows toward the southern end and the path crosses the lake approximately before the southern tip. The lake is situated in the Lake Seppings nature reserve that has a total area of . Lake Seppings is regarded as an excellent place for bird watching, particularly for water-birds. Over
21052755
Markland Grips Viaduct


Central was in terminal decline and traffic over the Beighton Branch could be accommodated on what is now the Robin Hood Line. When the M1 motorway was extended northwards, it would have required an expensive bridge to cross the Beighton Branch. The viaduct had required extensive strengthening for some time. The viaduct was reinforced by cross members and then by cross members plus beams. These measures were to counteract the effects of mining subsidence. Finally a concrete "tunnel" was built for wheeled and foot users and the viaduct was buried under spoil
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Viaduct


early viaducts comprised a series of arches of roughly equal length. The longest in antiquity may have been the Pont Serme which crossed wide marshes in southern France. At its longest point, it measured 2,679 meters with a width of 22 meters. Viaducts are commonly used in many cities that are railroad centers, such as Chicago, Atlanta, Birmingham, London and Manchester. These viaducts cross the large railroad yards that are needed for freight trains there, and also cross the multi-track railroad lines that are needed for heavy railroad
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Awsworth


northwest tower was projected but never built. Awsworth once had a station on the Great Northern (later LNER) line from Nottingham to Derby which crossed the Erewash Valley to Ilkeston over the Bennerley Viaduct, closed in September 1964. At Awsworth Junction, a short distance to the east, a branch line curved away northwards to Pinxton. This line closed in January 1963. Near the junction it crossed a viaduct almost half a mile in length across the Giltbrook valley, known variously as Awsworth Viaduct, Giltbrook Viaduct, Kimberley Viaduct,
6282529
Laigh Milton Viaduct


1821 and John Thomson's map of 1828 both show the route of the Kilmarnock & Troon railway and the position of Laigh Milton viaduct crossing the River Irvine. The first Ordnance Survey map of 1860 shows a farm track crossing the viaduct as part of a byway from West Gatehead farm to Cockhill farm and the Craig estate. The new wooden viaduct of 1846 carries the railway. The new bridge required embankments to give sufficient height over the river, whereas the first viaduct was sprung from higher river embankments. On the Troon side the
12426327
Neukieritzsch–Chemnitz railway


of 7.5 metres. From the 1960s, there were plans to modify the viaduct fundamentally because of financial shortages. Similar to Cossen Viaduct, all openings would have been filled up except for the necessary road crossings. The viaduct has been renovated instead. Bahrebach Valley Viaduct () The "Bahrebach Valley Viaduct" cost around 310,000 Thalers. The 230 metre-long bridge, lying on a curve, crosses the Bahrebach and, since the 1930s, today's Autobahn 4. Since the space between the bridge piers was not wide enough
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Viaduct


Others were built to span settled areas, crossing over roads beneath—the reason for many viaducts in London. Viaducts over water make use of islands or successive arches. They are often combined with other types of bridges or tunnels to cross navigable waters as viaduct sections, while less expensive to design and build than tunnels or bridges with larger spans, typically lack sufficient horizontal and vertical clearance for large ships. See the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. The Millau Viaduct is a cable-stayed road-bridge that spans the valley
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Culloden Viaduct


The Culloden Viaduct, known also as the Nairn Viaduct or the Clava Viaduct is a railway viaduct on the Highland Main Line, to the east of the city of Inverness, in the Highland council area of Scotland. It was opened in 1898 as part of the Inverness and Aviemore Direct Railway, which was built by the Highland Railway. The 29 span viaduct crosses the wide valley of the River Nairn. At 1800 ft (549 m) in length, it is the longest masonry viaduct in Scotland. The viaduct is a
9770518
Sandy Bay, Tasmania


Vict No.8.), proposed on the 24 Nov 1860, and held its first meeting on 22 Jan 1861. Its purpose was to construct, maintain and regulate cross and bye roads in the Queenborough Road District. The Browns River Road District was proclaimed on 8 Nov 1852, under the Cross and Bye Roads Act 1852 (15 Vict No.8.) and abolished on 4 Sep 1871. The Browns River and Sandy Bay Rivulet Road District was proclaimed on 4 Sep 1871, under the Cross and Bye Roads Act 1870 (33
20485679
Dresden–Werdau railway


railways of the Wilsdruff Network to Frauenstein and Oberdittmannsdorf. Now begins a section with a number of viaducts. The first viaduct spans the Colmnitzbach in Colmnitz. In Niederbobritzsch, a town in the district of Bobritzsch, the line crosses the Bobritzsch river on a viaduct. After Muldenhütten station, the line crosses the 196 metres-long and 42.8 metres high viaduct over the Freiberger Mulde. At the 40.0 km mark the line reaches Freiberg station. It was formerly a major rail hub, but it is now only the end point for
12065764
Bristol and North Somerset Railway


but distinctive design by the architect William Clarke, featuring large canopies and three tall chimneys. The B&NSR was one of the railways carried on the Midford viaducts (see photograph above). This had three levels: the B&NSR traversed a river valley on a bridge which crossed by the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway which crossed the line and the river valley on an almost perpendicular course on a viaduct. The biggest civil engineering project on the line was the Pensford Viaduct over the River Chew. The viaduct is long, reaches a maximum
19997117
Dresden–Werdau railway


, the line runs across one of the most impressive railway viaducts of the 19th century, the and Frankenstein viaduct, which crosses the valley of the Striegis. Shortly before Oederan the line passes under highway 173 again. Before Flöha the line connects with the branch line from Marienberg and Olbernhau. Until 1991, the line crossed the Flöha river on the old Hetzdorf Viaduct; it now runs along a new section with two prestressed concrete viaducts. After passing the junction with the Marienberg branch line and another line from Annaberg-Buchholz,
12065766
Zittau–Löbau railway


towards Herrnhut and Zittau. After Niedercunnersdorf station the line runs parallel with Niedercunnersdorf village. Just before Obercunnersdorf station the line crosses Obercunnersdorf viaduct. After Herrnhut station the line turns south again and runs over a viaduct over the Petersbach. The next viaduct follows in the village of Ruppersdorf, just before the station. Further on, within sight of Kottmar mountain, the line reaches the Landwasser valley and the town of Oderwitz. First another viaduct is crossed before the line reaches Oberoderwitz station. The route now follows the Landwasser valley to the
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Wicker Arches


is officially named the Sheffield Victoria Viaduct, and has in the past been called the Wicker Viaduct. Later a part of the Great Central Railway, the viaduct supported Sheffield Victoria Station. Main line rail passenger services crossing the Wicker Arches ceased in January 1970 with the closure of Sheffield Victoria and its service to Manchester, however the viaduct still carried the local services to Huddersfield via Penistone until they too were diverted, via Barnsley, in the 1980s. The only other passenger services to cross the bridge thereafter were football excursion trains to
16176158
Railways in Plymouth


the Sea Wall. The next two structures were either side of Keyham station. Keyham viaduct (432 ft) was rebuilt in brick with girders in 1899 and later with steel girders in 1937. The longer Weston Mill viaduct (1,200 ft) crosses Camel's Head creek was replaced in 1903 with short brick viaducts either side of a four-span bowstring girder structure. The railway then crosses above the River Tamar on the 2,187½ feet-long Royal Albert Bridge. Pennycomequick Viaduct was brought into use on 18 May 1876 with the
16394698
Welland Viaduct


Welland Viaduct, Harringworth Viaduct or Seaton Viaduct, crosses the valley of the River Welland between Harringworth in Northamptonshire and Seaton in Rutland, England. The viaduct is long and has 82 arches, each with a span. It is the longest masonry viaduct across a valley in the United Kingdom. It was built by contractor Lucas and Aird and completed in 1878 and is now a Grade II listed building. The Welland Viaduct is on the Oakham to Kettering Line between and Manton Junction, where it joins the Leicester to Peterborough line.
18281027
Keady Viaduct


The Keady Viaduct is a railway viaduct near Keady, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. The viaduct was completed in 1910, and crosses the Glen Road. It was originally part of the Castleblayney, Keady and Armagh Railway, though services to Castleblayney were ended in 1924. Ultimately the Keady Viaduct carried trains for a mere 14 years. The line had been taken over by the Great Northern Railway (Ireland) shortly after opening. In August 1993, Keady Viaduct became a Grade B listed building. The viaduct is roughly 84 metres
4235442
Dutton Viaduct


Dutton Viaduct is a railway viaduct on the West Coast Main Line where it crosses the River Weaver and the Weaver Navigation between the villages of Dutton and Acton Bridge in Cheshire, England (), near Dutton Horse Bridge. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. The viaduct was built during 1836 and was completed on 9 December of that year. It was the longest viaduct on the Grand Junction Railway (GJR) and is an early example of a major railway viaduct
12712401
Ballochmyle Viaduct


Viaduct is used for passenger and freight traffic through to the present day. The Ballochmyle Viaduct was designed by John Miller for the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway during the mid 1840s. The line was the northern part of the railway from Glasgow to Carlisle via Kilmarnock. The viaduct was required to cross the River Ayr. The resident engineer was William McCandlish and the contractors were Ross & Mitchell. During March 1846, construction of the stone viaduct began. The viaduct incorporated a massive arch spanning the River Ayr. To
1585988
Loch nan Uamh Viaduct


The Loch nan Uamh Viaduct is a railway viaduct that carries the West Highland Line. The viaduct has eight concrete arches of span, four each side of a large central concrete pylon. The reason for this design is not known. The viaduct crosses the Allt a' Mhama, or Mama Burn, just before it flows into Loch nan Uamh, a sea loch to the north of the Ardnish peninsula. Immediately to the north of the viaduct is a short tunnel. In 1987 Roland Paxton, from Heriot-Watt University,
16122904
Zečeve Drage Viaduct


a radius of . The deck of the viaduct follows a radius concave vertical curve, and the longitudinal grade of the road carried by the viaduct ranges from 4.38% to 0.78%. The viaduct is a box girder structure supporting the deck across nineteen spans: two of , sixteen of and one of . The viaduct piers range from to in height. The superstructure of the viaduct comprises a box cross section made from pre-stressed reinforced concrete, put in place by incremental launching due to the considerable height of the structure.
2281703
Dromore Viaduct


The Dromore Viaduct is an abandoned railway viaduct in Dromore, County Down, Northern Ireland. The viaduct crosses the River Lagan. It is roughly 101m long, and 6m wide- It was only ever built to carry a single track. The viaduct consists of seven arches, 10m apart, with the piers being 1.5m wide. The piers and abutments are made of ashlar blackstone, whilst the parapets, which stand a metre above arch level, are coped with chamfered sandstone. The viaduct stands at 23 metres tall
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Chalfont Viaduct


The Chalfont Viaduct (also known as the Misbourne Viaduct) is the first of two five-arch brick railway viaducts on the Chiltern Main Line in south-east England. It is located between and stations. The M25 motorway passes beneath it between junctions 16 and 17 at Gerrards Cross near Chalfont St Peter, from where the bridge gets its name. The bridge is known as Chalfont No. 1 Viaduct; the longer Chalfont No. 2 Viaduct is a short distance to the west and spans the A413. The bridge is
7229606
Viaduct


A viaduct is a bridge composed of several small spans for crossing a valley, dry or wetland, or forming an overpass or flyover. The term is conventional for a rail flyover as opposed to a flying junction or a rail bridge which crosses one feature. The term "viaduct" is derived from the Latin "via" for road and "ducere", to lead. The ancient Romans did not use the term; it is a nineteenth-century derivation from an analogy with aqueduct. Like the Roman aqueducts, many
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Sep Smith


maker of all-time behind Graham Cross. Smith mentored former Leeds United and England manager Don Revie during his time at Leicester. Revie, who dedicated an entire chapter in his autobiography entitled "What I Owe to Sep Smith" claimed "I'm proud now to think of how much time Sep spent passing on his Soccer knowledge to me. He played a big part in my shaping my career." He also referred to Smith as "an extraordinary footballer," saying "he could place the ball within an inch
9904798
Waldvogel Viaduct


The Waldvogel Viaduct, also called the Waldvogel Memorial Viaduct, was a bridge on the west side of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, connecting the Sixth Street Expressway with River Road (U.S. 50), Elberon Avenue and Warsaw Avenue. The section of Cincinnati is known as Lower Price Hill. This viaduct was built to manage automobile traffic and avoid intersecting railroad lines, in order that grade crossings would not be required when the Cincinnati Union Terminal was constructed in 1933. The viaduct was named the Waldvogel Memorial Viaduct after the death
11108491
Stockport Viaduct


George Watson Buck of the Manchester and Birmingham Railway to cross the River Mersey. Buck worked with the architect John Lowe. The line of the viaduct was partially occupied by the engine house of Wear Mill which was built in 1831. The viaduct was built directly over it with piers at either side of the engine house. The viaduct was historically known as Edgeley Viaduct. Stockport Viaduct is 33.8 meters above the bed of the River Mersey, 546.2 metres long and when built was 9.4 metres wide. It has 22 semi-circular
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Midland Counties Railway Viaduct, Rugby


The Midland Counties Railway viaduct (known locally as the Eleven Arches Viaduct) is a disused railway viaduct at Rugby, Warwickshire, which crosses over both the A426 Rugby to Leicester road, and the River Avon to the north of Rugby town centre. The viaduct is approximately long, and consists of eleven elliptical arches, elevating above the valley floor. It is built of red brick, with a facing of Staffordshire blue bricks and sandstone. The double track viaduct was built during 1839-40 as part of the Midland Counties Railway
13782034
Göltzsch Viaduct


. It is currently part of the Leipzig–Hof line, near the Netzschkau station. About south, the smaller Elster Viaduct was built for the same line and is quite similar to the Göltzsch Viaduct. Göltzsch Viaduct is also the name of a much smaller viaduct built in 1938 where Bundesautobahn 72 crosses the Göltzsch River. It sits about 10 km (6 mi) due southeast near the village of Weissensand. Göltzsch Viaduct (previously Mylau Central Station) was also the name of a terminus opened in 1895 on the Reichenbach–
15589850
Creag-an-Arnain Viaduct


The Creag-an-Arnain Viaduct is a railway viaduct that carries the West Highland Line. The viaduct opened to traffic in 1894 as part of the West Highland Line between Glasgow and Fort William. It may have been designed by James Miller. The viaduct has eight arches of span, for a total length of . It has a slight curve, and crosses two unnamed burns on the western shore of Loch Lomond. It is the only conventional masonry viaduct on the West Highland line, many others being made of concrete.
16410847
Penponds Viaduct


Penponds Viaduct is a railway viaduct which carries the Cornish Main Line west of Camborne in Cornwall, England. It crosses over a small valley containing the southern arm of the Red River, and a minor road known as Viaduct Lane. The Hayle Railway opened the railway through this site in 1837 to link Hayle and Redruth. To overcome a significant change in elevation an inclined plane was built to the east of the present viaduct. When the West Cornwall Railway took over the route, it built a timber trestle viaduct as part of
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Garabit viaduct


from Clermont-Ferrand to Béziers. On that date, the viaduct closed after cracks were discovered in one of the foundation piles. After a safety inspection, the Garabit viaduct reopened the next month, with a speed limit of 10 km/h (6 mph) for all traffic. In 1976, it was used to represent the condemned "Cassandra Crossing" bridge in the film "The Cassandra Crossing". In the film, the bridge is depicted as being unused and derelict for 30 or 40 years and is considered
18146909
Keighley and Worth Valley Railway


The deviation was built as a condition of the buy out of the Keighley and Worth Valley Railway by the Midland Railway. The need for the deviation was to avoid a large wooden trestle viaduct that crossed a mill pond, as the locals believed the viaduct was unsafe, and supposedly many alighted at Oakworth and continued on foot to Haworth to avoid crossing the viaduct. The original design for the deviation was to skirt the mill pond then through a cutting to rejoin the original formation. However, during construction the material in the cutting
13152127
River Don, Yorkshire


to Huddersfield ("The Penistone Line"). It was built in 1850 by Sir John Fowler for the Huddersfield & Sheffield Junction Railway (later the Great Central Railway). The viaduct suffered a partial collapse in 1916. The viaduct crosses the B6462 Thurgoland to Penistone road as well as the River Don. This is a seven-arch viaduct, built around 1855, which crosses the B6462 Thurgoland to Penistone road as well as the River Don. The railway that it conveys started off as a local colliery line of the
5158734
Canton Viaduct


at the viaduct since completion; mainly from people crossing it while trains passed in opposite directions. Charlie, the old white horse who had hauled the empty railcars back to Sharon, Massachusetts (4 miles), was placed upon the flat car and hauled across the viaduct by the workers, thus becoming the first "passenger" to cross the structure. A June 6, 1835, in the "Providence Journal" describes it. As reported by the "Boston Advertiser" and the "Providence Journal", "Whistler"
7638060
Neukieritzsch–Chemnitz railway


eight-metre-high twelve-span viaduct was built between September 1869 and August 1870 and cost about 70,000 Thalers. Niedergräfenhain Viaduct () Like Geithain Viaduct, "Niedergräfenhain Viaduct" would not have been necessary except that the Geithain citizens demanded the rerouting of the line. It was built for around 150,000 Thalers from July 1869 to November 1871. The 200 metre-long structure crossed the valley over twelve spans. Geithain Viaduct () "Geithain Viaduct" was built from July 1869 to September 1871. During construction of the
16489268
Vale of Neath Railway


the beginning. The River Neath viaduct at the southern end of the line was 810 feet in length; it was replaced in 1875 partly by embankment. There were three other crossings of the River Neath using timber viaduct construction. Pencaedrain Viaduct between Glyn Neath and Hirwaun had eight spans on a 30 chain radius curve. On the Merthyr arm of the line there were three viaducts, one at Abernant and two at Merthyr. Merthyr Viaduct had 27 spans totalling 990 feet in length. All these bridges and viaducts were replaced in the
17969360
Bennerley Viaduct


Pinxton crossing the Giltbrook Viaduct (or Kimberley Viaduct but known locally as Forty Bridges). This viaduct was also designed by Richard Johnson and built of red bricks used to create 43 arched spans with a total length of 1716 feet and a height of 60 feet. Bennerley viaduct's wrought iron construction saved it from demolition. The demolition contractors who tendered for the contract to demolish the viaduct put forward amounts which were considered too high. The reason given for the high cost was that wrought iron structures could not be cut up with
5466580
Belah Viaduct


, and was constructed at a cost of £31,630. The foundation stone was laid in November 1857. The first locomotive crossed the viaduct in November 1860, and the line opened on 7 August 1861. It was long, wide, with 16 spans, and at it was the highest bridge in England when it was built (but lower than the Crumlin Viaduct in Wales). Post-WWII, weight limitations on the aging viaduct and its limited maintenance led to a ban on double heading across both Belah and Deepdale Viaducts
20140392
South Wales Railway


on the Gauge of Seven Feet. Accordingly, the line was built on the broad gauge, with far-reaching consequences. There were prodigious engineering works to be undertaken: the crossing of the River Wye at Chepstow, a large timber viaduct at Newport and a tunnel there, a further large timber viaduct at Landore, and crossings of the River Loughor and River Towy further west. The depressed state of the money market immediately made the raising of subscriptions difficult, and the company suffered a major loss when the timber viaduct at
10844327
Oosterweel Link


crosses Oosterweelsteenweg. The Lange Wapper viaduct then crosses over Royerssluis, Suezdok, Straatsburg bridge, Straatsburgdok and Noorderlaan bridge. On the grounds of De Lijn at Tjalkstraat the double deck viaduct splits into two ‘arms’. The northernmost arm turns near the Sint-Jozefinstuut, an institution for physically and mentally handicapped children, over the railroad and the southward bound lanes of the R1. At that point, the viaduct's arm turns into a connective structure. Past this structure, both directions connect to the left with the R1 at
12409591
West Philadelphia Elevated


has changed completely since the Philadelphia improvements in the 1930s. Therefore, these spans do not always correspond with the modern conditions, so that their arrangement from today's point of view sometimes seems quite arbitrary. Other exceptions are the two crossings of the tracks below at the ends of the viaduct. Since the change in alignment of the tracks below, the viaduct crosses them at a very acute angle, so that its steel supports are at an angle to the viaduct and parallel to the intersecting tracks. The arched bridge at the
129319
Nidderdale Greenway


River Nidd on a grade II listed seven-arch viaduct which is known as either Nidd or Bilton Viaduct. The viaduct is at the western end of the Nidd Gorge, where the waters of the River Nidd are funneled into a steep ravine. Just west of the village of Nidd, the route diverges onto the former Nidd valley Railway line until it reaches the A61 road at Killinghall Bridge. It then crosses the A61 by means of a Pegasus crossing and runs parallel to the road into Ripley on its own path. The
15221878
San Joaquin River Viaduct


The San Joaquin River Viaduct is a bridge currently under construction to carry California High-Speed Rail over the San Joaquin River. Most of the bridge is in the city of Fresno, California in Fresno County, although the portion north of the river will be in Madera County. It is the second major river crossing to be constructed as part of California High-Speed Rail, after the Fresno River Viaduct to the north. The bridge will be long, and combines a double concrete arch span crossing the river with a pergola
20198608
Ouse Valley Viaduct


crossing over some relatively hilly terrain. As a consequence of a decision to limit gradients along the line to 1 in 264, the construction of a total of four tunnels and a single viaduct, the latter crossing the Ouse Valley between Balcombe and Haywards Heath in West Sussex, was necessary. Construction of the new line commenced during July 1838; work to build the ornate viaduct began during the following year. It was designed by the principal engineer for the line, John Urpeth Rastrick, in association with the architect of the London
20841801
Clifton Viaduct


Clifton Viaduct is a Grade II listed stone structure crossing the valley of the River Irwell in Clifton, Greater Manchester, and also the Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal. It is known locally as the ""13 Arches"". It is currently disused and closed to the public. The viaduct was constructed in 1846 to carry trains from Manchester to Rossendale along the Manchester, Bury and Rossendale Railway, over the Irwell Valley. It has 13 arches and after crossing the Irwell the railway line used to lead into what was
2275517
Cornwall Railway viaducts


1908. "Milepost 253.5, west of Saltash. ()" A Class C viaduct high and long on 4 trestles consisting solely of two uprights each plus a cross brace. It was demolished after the line was diverted to a more inland alignment on 19 May 1908. "Milepost 255.0, east of . ()" A Class E viaduct high and long on two dwarf piers. The fans consisted of two raking struts on either side of the track, tied beneath the track by cross braces, and a central pair
3763462
Ribblehead railway station


Centre includes exhibits about the history of the line and the fight to keep it open. One exhibit in the Visitor Centre is the original station sign and a small exhibition about the Midland Railway company, builders of the line and originally the train operators. The platforms both have level access, but the northbound one is linked to the rest of the station by a barrow crossing and is not recommended for use for disabled passengers without assistance. Train running information is available via telephone and information posters. The station is unstaffed and no
2475605
Langwieser Viaduct


concrete, and at that time represented a significant breakthrough. Simultaneously, a "little brother" of the Langwieser Viaduct, the long Gründjitobel Viaduct, was built about downstream. The Langwieser Viaduct is long (though some sources state it as ). The main span consists of a long arch, with a rise of . The viaduct has a total of 13 openings. The rail carriers have a plate beam cross section rigidly connected with the carriers. The only divisions are between the main arch and the two foreshore areas. These
18603822
Laigh Milton Viaduct


some of the very sharp curves on the line. This process included providing a new viaduct to cross the River Irvine, a little distance south of the first viaduct. This second bridge was wooden; it was located where the river banks were lower than at the first viaduct, and elevated approaches were needed. Little detail of this second viaduct has survived. This structure is no longer in place, but the remains of the abutments can still be seen in the River Irvine when the water is exceptionally low. In 1865 the
12426318
Angarrack viaduct


Angarrack railway viaduct crosses the valley of the Angarrack River at Angarrack in west Cornwall, United Kingdom. The eleven-arch granite-built viaduct carries the Cornish Main Line railway across the steep-sided valley of the Angarrack River, a tributary of the River Hayle, between the present day stations of and . The village extends up the valley and under the viaduct. The original viaduct at Angarrack was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel for the West Cornwall Railway and was "... "built wholly of timber on stone footings""
21408095
Cornwall Railway viaducts


viaduct high and long on 5 piers. It was rebuilt as an embankment in 1933. "Milepost 304.25, north of Perranwell. ()" A Class A viaduct high and long on 11 piers. The soft nature of valley floor meant that some piers had to have a foundation built for them by sinking a temporary caisson and removing the mud within it. It was replaced by a new stone viaduct on 13 August 1933. This viaduct crossed Restronguet Creek and the Redruth and Chasewater Railway near its Devoran terminus. This disused
3763489
Gaunless Viaduct


Gaunless Viaduct, also known as the 'Lands Viaduct', was a railway viaduct in County Durham. It was designed by Thomas Bouch to carry the South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway between Bishop Auckland and Barnard Castle over the River Gaunless at Lands, also crossing the Haggerleases branch of the railway to Butterknowle. Bouch designed the viaduct in 1862 and it was built as four spans supported on diagonally staggered, paired circular brick piers. It opened on 1 August 1863, at a cost of £15,422. It was high with
5093010
Thornton Viaduct


Thornton Viaduct is a disused railway viaduct crossing Pinch Beck valley at Thornton, near the city of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England. It is long and has 20 arches. It was built in an S-shape to allow a smooth access to Thornton station. The viaduct was part of the GNR's Queensbury Lines running between Queensbury and Keighley. It stopped carrying passengers in 1955 but remained open to goods until the 1960s. At that time, the railway closed and the tracks were pulled up. The viaduct is now a
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