Louise de Coligny [SEP] spouse
[{"answer": "William the Silent", "provenance": [{"wikipedia_id": "9727462", "title": "Louise de Coligny", "start_paragraph_id": 1, "start_character": 0, "end_paragraph_id": 1, "end_character": 210, "bleu_score": 0.7056417259126994, "meta": {}, "section": "Section::::Abstract."}]}]
Louise de Coligny


Louise de Coligny (23 September 1555 – 9 November 1620) was a Princess consort of Orange as the fourth and last spouse of William the Silent. She was the daughter of Gaspard II de Coligny and Charlotte de Laval. Louise was born at Châtillon-sur-Loing. Her parents saw to it that she received a humanist education. When she was sixteen, she married Protestant Charles de Téligny (1571). Both he and her father were murdered at the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. Like her murdered father,
4788358
Countess Elisabeth of Nassau


Countess Elisabeth of Nassau ("Elisabeth Flandrika") (Middelburg, 26 April 1577 – Sedan, 3 September 1642) was the second daughter of prince William of Orange and his third spouse Charlotte of Bourbon. She was Duchess of Bouillon by marriage. After her father was murdered in 1584, there was a shortage of money for Elisabeth, her siblings and her stepmother Louise de Coligny. In 1594 Louise took Elisabeth with her to France, where they met with several Protestant nobles. One of them, Henri de La Tour
21095876
Gaspard I de Coligny


Gaspard I de Coligny, Count of Coligny, seigneur de Châtillon (1465/1470–1522), known as the Marshal of Châtillon, was a French soldier. He was born in Châtillon-Coligny, the second son of Jean III de Coligny and Eleanor de Courcelles. He served in the Italian Wars from 1495 to 1515 and was created Marshal of France in 1516. He died in Dax. By his wife, Louise de Montmorency, sister of Anne de Montmorency, he had three sons: All three played an important part in the
1375661
Odet de Coligny


Odet de Coligny (10 July 1517 – 21 March 1571) was a French aristocrat, cardinal, Bishop-elect of Beauvais, Peer of France, and member of the French Royal Council. From 1534 he was usually referred to as the Cardinal of Châtillon. He was son of Gaspard I de Coligny and Louise de Montmorency, and brother of Pierre (1515-1534), Gaspard (1519-1572), and François, Seigneur d'Andelot (1521-1569). His birth at Châtillon-Coligny on 10 July
1375692
Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau


Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau (31 July 1578 – 12 April 1648) was a countess of Hanau-Münzenberg by marriage to Philip Louis II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg, and regent of Hanau-Münzenberg from 1612 until 1626. She was the third daughter of William the Silent and his third spouse Charlotte of Bourbon. Countess Catharina Belgica was born in Antwerp. After her father had been assassinated in 1584, her aunt Catherine took her to Arnstadt, while most of her sisters were raised by Louise de Coligny. Her
21095859
Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange


defenses. His strategy was the successful neutralization of the threat of inundation of the area around 's-Hertogenbosch and his capture of the Spanish storehouse at Wesel. Frederick Henry was born on 29 January 1584 in Delft, Holland, Dutch Republic. He was the youngest child of William the Silent and Louise de Coligny. His father William was stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, and Friesland. His mother Louise was daughter of the Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, and was the fourth wife of his father. He was
5551607
Charlotte de Laval


Charlotte de Laval, Dame de Châtillon (1530 – 3 March 1568), was a French noblewoman from one of the most powerful families in Brittany. She was the first wife of Gaspard de Coligny, Seigneur de Châtillon, Admiral of France and a prominent Huguenot leader during the French Wars of Religion. She was the mother of Louise de Coligny, the fourth wife of William the Silent, Prince of Orange. The present British Royal Family directly descends from her. Charlotte was born in Brittany, France in 1530, the
3174790
Château de Châteaurenard


, "tour Clément", "tour Sesneau", "tour au Breton", an unnamed turret behind the priory, "tour au Marichaut" and "tour au Portier". The castle passed to the Coligny family in 1531. During the Wars of Religion, the castle was occupied by Protestants until 1568, when it was attacked and partially destroyed. However, Gaspard II de Coligny was restored to his rights in 1570, repaired the castle and built a second "enceinte". These rights passed via Louise de
12395137
Jacqueline de Montbel d'Entremont


Condé. She was maid of honour to queen Eleanor of Habsburg (1498-1558), sister of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor - on the death of Eleanor's first husband Manuel I of Portugal in 1521 she remarried in 1530 to Francis I of France and moved her Spanish courtiers and ladies in waiting into the Louvre Palace - one of them was Béatrix. Louise de Montmorency, countess of Coligny and mother of Gaspard de Coligny was also in the Louvre at around the same time, whilst another of Eleanor's ladies
1610129
Jacqueline de Montbel d'Entremont


a Catholic in the Wars of Religion and so the marriage remained childless. He was killed at the Battle of Saint-Denis, where the Protestant forces were led by Jacqueline's future second husband Gaspard II de Coligny. The 74-year-old constable Anne de Montmorency (1493-1567) was shot in the back by a Protestant whilst being captured - he was the uncle of both Basternay (his sister-in-law Isabella of Savoy's son) and Coligny (his sister Louise's son). Jacqueline took refuge
1610138
William the Silent


official sovereign. In the middle of all this, William married for the fourth and final time on 12 April 1583 to Louise de Coligny, a French Huguenot and daughter of Gaspard de Coligny. She was to be the mother of Frederick Henry (1584–1647), William's fourth legitimate son. The Burgundian Catholic Balthasar Gérard (born 1557) was a subject and supporter of Philip II, and regarded William of Orange as a traitor to the king and to the Catholic religion. In 1581, when Gérard learned that Philip II
21870103
Charles de Téligny


, which was destined to be of short duration. On the outbreak of war, he took part in the siege of Poitiers, directed an unsuccessful attack on Nantes, fought bravely under Coligny at Moncontour, and participated in the negotiations ending in the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (8 August 1570). In 1571 he retired to La Rochelle and married Louise de Coligny, but was speedily recalled to Paris to serve on the bi-partisan commission of adjustment. Although he won the special favour of Charles
47704
Huguenots


years of the Dutch Revolt (1568–1609). The Dutch Republic rapidly became a destination for Huguenot exiles. Early ties were already visible in the "Apologie" of William the Silent, condemning the Spanish Inquisition, which was written by his court minister, the Huguenot Pierre L'Oyseleur, lord of Villiers. Louise de Coligny, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, married William the Silent, leader of the Dutch (Calvinist) revolt against Spanish (Catholic) rule. As both spoke French in daily life, their
635415
William the Silent


marriage, which seems to have been a love match on both sides, was happy. Charlotte allegedly died from exhaustion while trying to nurse her husband after an assassination attempt in 1582. Though William was outwardly stoical, it was feared that his grief might cause a fatal relapse. Charlotte's death was widely mourned. William married for the fourth and final time on 12 April 1583 to Louise de Coligny, a French Huguenot and daughter of Gaspard de Coligny. She was to be the mother of Frederick Henry (1584–1647),
21870122
Louise de Montmorency


in 1513, and Louise remarried in 1514 to Gaspard I de Coligny. From her second marriage she had three sons, all of whom played important roles in the first period of the French Wars of Religion: Odet, Cardinal de Châtillon; Gaspard, the Admiral; and François, Seigneur d'Andelot. In 1530, she was appointed Première dame d'honneur to the new queen, a new court office installed just a few years earlier, which made her responsible for all of the other ladies-in-waiting of the queen and
1375670
Gaspard III de Coligny


Gaspard III de Coligny, Maréchal de Châtillon, of the House of Coligny (26 July 1584, Montpellier – 4 January 1646, Châtillon), comte de Coligny and seigneur de Châtillon-sur-Loing, then duc de Coligny, marquis d'Andelot, Peer of France, Marshal of France (1622), was a French Protestant general. He was the son of François de Coligny (1557–1591) and his wife Marguerite d'Ailly, and the grandson of admiral Gaspard de Coligny. During the Thirty Years' War, he won
19944989
Eléanor de Roucy de Roye


Eléanor (or Éléonore) de Roucy de Roye, princesse de Condé (24 February 1535 – 23 July 1564) was the eldest daughter and heiress of Charles, seigneur (sire) de Roye and de Muret, comte de Roucy. Her mother, Madeleine de Mailly, dame de Conti, was the daughter of Louise de Montmorency and half-sister of Admiral Coligny, d'Andelot, and Cardinal de Châtillon. Eléanor was the first wife of Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé; as such, she was the sister
10817263
Benjamin Aubery du Maurier


historian) is the best known. Other sons were Maximilien (who later served in the States Army), and Daniel (also a military officer). When he lived in the Netherlands as ambassador he had them educated by Benjamin Prideaux as preceptor on an estate belonging to Oldenbarnevelt. Among his daughters were Louise, born in 1614 in The Hague (who had Louise de Coligny for a godmother); Eleonore, born in 1615 in The Hague (with Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange as a godfather); and Emilia
10509249
Prince of Orange


the last will of William III. Several of his descendants became stadtholders. They claim the principality of Orange on the basis of agnatic inheritance, similar to that of William the Silent, who had inherited Orange from his cousin René of Châlon. They did however have a claim, albeit distant, to the principality itself due to John William Friso's descent from Louise de Coligny, who was a descendant of the original Princes of Orange. (Louise's great grandmother, Anne Pot, Countess of St. Pol, was a descendant
16131720
Louise de Maisonblanche


daughter of Philippe de Maisonblanche, old Captain of the Guards, and of Lady Gabrielle de La Tour, his spouse." Brought up in Paris by her mother, she did not receive the same attention that the daughters of Madame de Montespan and Louise de La Vallière did. She lived for a while at the château de Suisnes where her mother died in 1687 aged 50. Louise was then put in the care of François Le Signerre and her sister Catherine Le Signerre in Mulcent. Louise remained confined at Mulcent with the Le
11889787
Siege of Geertruidenberg (1593)


Louise de Coligny, the fourth wife of William of Orange and Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau sister to Maurice, on her way to be married to the Elector Palatine Frederick IV visited along with other dignitaries. They were conducted over the works, and noted that they were the grandest that had ever been constructed in the annals of war. As Maurice had his soldiers motivated to construct a sconce, the Anglo-Dutch force was sufficiently entrenched by the beginning of May. Meanwhile, Count Mansfeld returning from his pursuit of Philip of Nassau
15123344
François de Coligny


François de Coligny (1557–1591) comte de Coligny and seigneur de Châtillon-sur-Loing was a French Protestant general of the Wars of Religion. He was the son of Gaspard II de Coligny (1519–1572), Admiral of France ("Amiral de Coligny"). He first saw action at the defence of Montpellier during the Sixth War of Religion (1576–1577). First he razed the citadel, guarded by royal soldiers. Then, when the situation became difficult, he made a sortie across the Cévennes to Bergerac to
19944971
Leopold Eberhard, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard


Horburg) with full sovereignty. His mother was Anne de Coligny (4 September 1624 – 13 January 1680), who jointly with her older sister Henriette de Coligny became in the heiresses of the County of Coligny (now a commune in the Ain department in eastern France) following the recreation of the County by a decree of the King of France after the death of the last male heir of the House of Coligny, Henry-Gaspard de Coligny (Anne and Henriette's nephew and 3rd Duke of Coligny) in 1657.
12248991
Charles de Coligny


Charles de Coligny (1564-1632) was a member of the House of Coligny. The youngest of the three children of Gaspard II de Coligny and Charlotte de Laval, he became marquis of Coligny-le-Vieux, Andelot and Saint-Bris, baron of Lanty and lord of Dinteville, Dannemarie, Auxon and Cusey. He was the only one of Gaspard and Charlotte's children to be baptized a Protestant and the only one to convert to Roman Catholicism. He was captured after the St Bartholomew's Day Massacre and
1610109
Marie de Brimeu


and many likeminded noblewomen, including her sister, Louise de Coligny (widow of William I), Madame Brederode, Madame Matenesse, Madame DeFresne and Anne de Lalaing, widow of Willem de Hertaing, Seigneur de Marquette. Several of these women were also correspondents of Clusius, sharing an interest in botany regardless of religious difference. She used her influence at the court and in Leiden University circles, among other things, to provide Clusius with an appointment in Leiden. In her Leiden garden, she cultivated different types of tulips and
1189909
Jacqueline de Montbel d'Entremont


heavy guard, but thought that the eight-year-old Charles de Coligny was too young to join them. The day after the massacre, the king's knights arrested Charles and he grew up at the royal court. Her servants at Châtillon were imprisoned and Jacqueline, her step-daughter Louise de Téligny and two servants had to await a verdict from the king and Catherine de Medici. This proved to be expulsion from France and in mid-September 1572 twenty-five cavalrymen accompanied them to the château de Saint-
1610150
Louise Élisabeth de Joybert


Louise Élisabeth de Joybert (August 18, 1673 - January 1740) was a French marchioness, married to marquis Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil, governor of New France 1703-1725. She is reported to have had great influence during the tenure of her spouse, and to have used her influence to promote her friends and hinder the careers of her enemies. Louise was the elder daughter of Pierre de Joybert de Soulanges et de Marson and his wife Marie-Françoise, who was a daughter of Louis-Théandre Chartier de Lotbinière,
21879366
Jacqueline de Montbel d'Entremont


the future Henry II of France), Jean de Menthon, Philibert de Gilly and Louise de Montmorency, wife of Gaspard I de Coligny. Their only daughter and heir Jacqueline was born in Paris on 16 February 1541 and grew up in the Louvre until she was six. When Francis I died in 1547 his widow Eleanor took refuge in the Spanish Netherlands, home of her sister Mary of Hungary. Béatrix and Jacqueline went with her and Jacqueline remained in the royal court in Brussels until she was sixteen, at which age she
1610131
François de Coligny d'Andelot


François d'Andelot de Coligny (18 April 1521, Châtillon-sur-Loing - 27 May 1569, Saintes, Charente-Maritime) was one of the leaders of French Protestantism during the French Wars of Religion. The son of Gaspard I de Coligny, he was the younger brother of Odet, cardinal de Châtillon and Gaspard de Coligny the admiral. He first gained military experience in the Italian Wars, and so distinguished himself at the battle of Ceresole (1544) that Louis de Bourbon, still comte d'Enghien at that time,
19881587
Gaspard II de Coligny


Châtillon', served in the Italian Wars from 1494 to 1516, married in 1514, and was created Marshal of France in 1516. By his wife, Louise de Montmorency, sister of the future constable, he had three sons, all of whom played an important part in the first period of the Wars of Religion: Odet, Gaspard and François. Born at Châtillon-sur-Loing in 1519, Gaspard came to court at the age of 22 and began a friendship with François of Guise. In the campaign of
12466522
Louise de Coligny


his third marriage to Charlotte of Bourbon. During her life she remained an advocate for Protestantism and she corresponded with many important figures of that time, like Elizabeth I of England, Henry IV of France, Marie de' Medici and Philippe de Mornay, as well as with her many stepchildren. She remained in the Dutch Republic until 1620, after the denouement of the political conflict between her stepson, stadtholder Maurice, Prince of Orange (son out of the marriage of William the Silent with his second wife Anna of Saxony)
4788360
Gaspard II de Coligny


Gaspard de Coligny, Seigneur de Châtillon (; 16 February 1519 – 24 August 1572) was a French nobleman and admiral, best remembered as a disciplined Huguenot leader in the French Wars of Religion and a close friend and advisor to King Charles IX of France. Coligny came of a noble family of Burgundy. His family traced their descent from the 11th century, and in the reign of Louis XI, were in the service of the King of France. His father, Gaspard I de Coligny, known as the 'Marshal of
12466521
Jean de Coligny-Saligny


Jean de Coligny-Saligny, (Saligny, December 25, 1617 – April 16, 1686) was a French noble and army commander, best known for his part in the victory in the Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664). He was the son of Gaspard II de Coligny-Saligny and Jacqueline de Montmorin Saint-Hérem, and thus a member of the well-known House of Coligny. He first followed Louis, Prince of Condé (1621–1686) in his revolt against the King, but they had a dispute
21298549
Grote of Sint-Jacobskerk (The Hague)


, an illegitimate son of Maurice, Prince of Orange (in 1665), Gaspar Fagel (1668), Grand Pensionary of Holland, Lieuwe van Aitzema, a famous spy for England during the First and Second Anglo-Dutch War (buried in 1669), field marshal René de Cordeux, Marquess of Langey, a grandson of Louise de Coligny (1712), Daniel Marot, architect (1752), Countess Anna Isabella of Nassau-LaLecq (1765), Count Unico Wilhelm van Wassenaer, diplomat and composer (1766
3884409
Leopold Eberhard, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard


Anne de Coligny was a member of one of the oldest princely houses in Europe, as the County of Coligny was ruled since medieval times by the House of Coligny, the so-called "Principality of Coligny", which belonged firstly to the Kingdom of Burgundy and later belonged to the Duchy of Savoy, with Revermont and parts of Bresse belonged to the Holy Roman Empire. The eighth and youngest child of Duke George II of Württemberg-Montbéliard by his wife, Comtesse Anne de Coligny, Leopold Eberhard was born in 21
12248992
Louise Charlotte Françoise de Montesquiou


Louise Charlotte Françoise de Montesquiou "née" de Le Tellier de Louvois-Courtanvaux de Montmirail de Creuzy (1765-1835) was a French courtier. She was the royal governess of Napoleon II from 1811 until 1814. She was the daughter of Charles François César Le Tellier de Louvois-Courtanvaux de Montmirail de Creuzy, Marquis de Montmirail (1734-1765) and married to Anne Elisabeth Pierre de Montesquiou-Fezensac, in 1780. Her spouse was first equerry to the count of Provence before the French revolution, and was
13394692
Louise Julie de Mailly


enticing of the two.” In 1732 or 1733, Louise Julie finally caught the attention of the king, and became his mistress with the approval of her spouse. Louise Julie de Mailly was described as a thin beauty, with a perfect oval face and dark eyes with marked eyebrows, which gave her a “provocative and sensuous charm”. She knew how to adjust the fashion to suit her, designed her own “piquant and suggestive” negligees, and often wore her diamonds in her carefully dressed black hair – she
16849779
Henriette de Coligny de La Suze


Henriette de Coligny de La Suze (1618 – March 10, 1673) was a French writer. She was the daughter of Gaspard III de Coligny and Anne de Polignac. She was married twice: first, in 1643, to Thomas Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Haddington, who died in February 1645, and then, in 1647, to Gaspard de Champagne, comte de la Suze. Originally a Protestant, she converted to Catholicism in 1653. Her second marriage was annulled in 1661 on the grounds of impotence. In 1666
19947074
Louise Julie de Mailly


his private parties at the Royal castles at Versailles, Choisy and La Muette. The queen regarded Louise Julie as the most hurtful of all the lovers of her spouse because she was the first, but grew accustomed to her; she did not dislike her as a person, as she would come to dislike her sister and successor, Marie Anne. Louise Julie de Mailly was widely celebrated at court after she was introduced as the king's official mistress, but this put a great deal of strain their relationship. Her new position
16849785
Louise von Plessen


Louise Scheel von Plessen ("née" komtesse Louise von Berckentin; Vienna, 26 April 1725 – Celle, 14 September 1799) was a Danish lady-in-waiting and memoir writer. She wrote the memoirs of her time at the Danish court: "Mémoires de la cour de Danemark". She was the daughter of Count Christian August von Berckentin (sometimes "Berkentin"; 1694–1758), the Danish ambassador to Austria, and his spouse, Susanna Margrethe von Boineburg zu Honstein (1697–1732). She spent her
21462621
Louise de Broglie, Countess d'Haussonville


Bernard, known as Paul-Gabriel d'Haussonville (1843–1924), a renowned politician and essayist, through whom she has many descendants. Louise is unique in history for being the daughter, sister, spouse, and mother of four members of the French Academy: Her father Victor, brother Albert, husband Joseph, and son Paul-Gabriel did not occupy their Academy seats simultaneously, with Paul-Gabriel elected in 1888, six years after his mother's death. Louise was the great-aunt of Louis de Broglie, who
5717254
Michiel Jansz. van Mierevelt


Hague are the portraits of four princes of the house of Orange, of Frederick V as king of Bohemia, and of Louise de Coligny as a widow. Other portraits by him are at nearly all the leading continental galleries, notably at Brunswick (3), Gotha (2), Schwerin (3), Munich (2), Paris (Louvre, 3), Dresden (4), Berlin (2), and Darmstadt (3). The town hall of Delft also has numerous examples of his work
4879916
Louise-Emmanuelle de Châtillon, Princesse de Tarente


grand daughter of Louis César de La Baume Le Blanc, the famous writer. In 1781, she married Charles Bretagne Marie de La Trémoille, prince de Tarente and duke de la Trémouille. The couple had one daughter, Charlotte (26 October 1788 – 15 February 1791). In 1786, she was appointed one of 15 "dame du palais" to queen Marie Antoinette. After the outbreak of the French revolution, her spouse emigrated and joined the émigré army under the Prince of Condé. Louise-Emmanuelle accompanied the royal
3982329
Louise d'Aumont


was arrested in the absence of her spouse, as was his father, his brother and his sister-in-law, Louise. Louise and her children where rescued from prison by her family doctor, Desormeaux, who forged a release order from prison and hid them until the fall of Robespierre. On 28 March 1794, Louise gave birth to an illegitimate daughter, Amélie Céleste Erodore d'Aumont (died 1820). The father of the child is believed to have been Antoine de Montazet, arch bishop of Lyon. The marriage
16369023
Charles de Coligny


put in command of a small force sent against the rebel princes such as Luxembourg in the Champagne - commanding 2,500 infantry and 600 cavalry he besieged Varennes and Soyeras in Bassigny then Brienne and Rosnay. In 1617 he was made freeholder of Coligny-le-Vieil and Andelot by Archduke Albert. Coligny-le-Vieux and Andelot were promoted into marquisates in his favour, but in 1629 he sold them both to his cousin Clériadus de Coligny. On 31 December 1619 he was made a knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit
1610112
Jean de Poltrot


his torture, he had made several contradictory statements, some of which implicated Admiral Coligny. Coligny protested emphatically against the accusation, but nevertheless the assassination led to a vendetta between Coligny and Francis's sons, Henry I, Duke of Guise and Louis II, Cardinal of Guise. This vendetta not only prolonged the Wars of Religion but contributed to the attempted assassination of Coligny during the celebrations of the marriage of Henri of Navarre with Margaret of Valois, and therefore to the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. De Poltrot's assassination of
18884983
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt


was in fact, according to critics, a kangaroo court. The stacked bench of judges decided the verdict on Saturday 11 May 1619 and it was announced to the old man on Sunday afternoon. Attempts to obtain a pardon, or at least a commutation of the sentence of death, were made by Maurice's stepmother, Louise de Coligny and the French ambassador Benjamin Aubery du Maurier, but in vain. On Monday, 13 May 1619, the death sentence was read to Van Oldenbarnevelt and the same morning the old statesman,
3338579
Noordeinde Palace


owner. After that it was leased, and in 1595, purchased by the States of Holland for Louise de Coligny, the widow of William of Orange, and her son Prince Frederik Hendrik. In recognition of William’s service to the nation, the States presented the building to his family in 1609. Frederik Hendrik substantially enlarged the house, which was then known as the "Oude Hof". He began by buying the surrounding plots of land. The architects Pieter Post and Jacob van Campen, who built Huis ten Bosch
5756932
Trial of Oldenbarnevelt, Grotius and Hogerbeets


was the power of pardon. However, as Oldenbarnevelt refused to admit his guilt, Maurice declined this. Similar entreaties by the French ambassador and Louise de Coligny, Maurice's stepmother, also had no result. The next morning, after a sleepless night, Oldenbarnevelt was marched to the "Rolzaal" (Audience Chanber) of the Hof van Holland on the floor of the building below his room, where the court was assembled. Around 9 in the morning the verdict in his case was read to him by "griffier"
8898237
Louise Mountbatten


. In 1963, Louise accompanied her spouse on a state visit to France, where she made a great impression on President Charles de Gaulle. At dinner, she said to him: "I must ask you to excuse my ugly French. My French is the one spoken in the trenches of 1914." De Gaulle later attended her memorial in Paris, which was the first occasion for a French president to visit the Swedish church there, as well as one of only two occasions de Gaulle visited a memorial service of this
16456435
Duc de Châtillon


Duc de Châtillon was a French noble title. The first creation, in 1643, was for Gaspard III de Coligny, a Marshal of France, who was also known as duc de Coligny. The title referred to Châtillon-sur-Loing, a possession of the Coligny family. He was also to have been made a peer of France at the same time, but the letters patent were never registered. His son Gaspard IV also bore the title, and died in 1649. The dukedom was recreated in 1696 for Paul
19870232
Benjamin Aubery du Maurier


the trial, which he did with an address to the States General on 1 May 1613. This was received as an attack on the justice of the delegated judges. Aubery then pleaded with one of those judges, Cromhout (also president of the Hof van Holland) to transmit his plea to his colleagues The verdict against Oldenbarnevelt was taken on Saturday 11 May 1619. He would receive the death sentence, which was to be executed on Monday 13 May. This was kept secret, but word got out to Louise de Coligny,
10509277
Odet de Coligny


benefice in 1537. At the papal consistory of 7 November 1533 (at 16 and while still a layman) Odet de Coligny was created cardinal deacon, receiving the red hat and the titular church of Santi Sergio e Bacco three days later. Soon afterwards he became Abbot of the royal abbey of Nôtre-Dame de Vauluisant (1534-1553). In 1534 he became a Canon of La Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. On 29 April 1534 Cardinal de Coligny's nomination to the metropolitan see of Toulouse by King Francis I
1375694
Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine


his "Confessions": Gaston de Villeneuve-Guibert describes the childhood of Louise: The carefree attitude to these first years of life helped the young Louise to face the reality of the adult world, the place of women in society from the 18th century and the omnipotence of parental authority. The father decide the fate of his children. The role of the religious institution on the status of women is crucial. The convent education is to enforce obedience, submission, accept the authority of parents and the intended spouse. Samuel Bernard
279487
Coligny, North West


Coligny is a maize farming town situated next to the railway line between Lichtenburg and Johannesburg in North West Province of South Africa. The town is situated south-east of Lichtenburg. Originally named Treurfontein (), it was renamed Coligny when it became a town on 23July 1923, after Gaspard de Coligny, a Huguenot leader who died in the Massacre of St Bartholomew in 1572. Coligny was the scene of sporadic diamond mining activities. The Concordia Congregation (also known as Gerdau congregation after the origin of its first missionary) on
10307722
Leopold Eberhard, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard


the marriage between Leopold Eberhard and Anne Sabine Hedwiger was finally dissolved by the consistorium of Montbéliard under the grounds of ""incompatibilité d'humeur"" (incompatibility of characters), under the condition that neither of them remarry; however, Anne Sabine contracted a second marriage in 1719 with Roger de Langheac (d. 1746), 6th Marquis de Coligny 2nd Comte de Dalet and descendant of Charles de Coligny. She died on 9 November 1735. On 10 August 1716, Leopold Eberhard gave to his Sandersleben adoptive children the County of Coligny
12249014
Louise De Hem


at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. In 1900, she was the only Belgian painter to exhibit at the Women's Exhibition in London and in 1902 she became a member of the Women's International Art Club. In 1904, she won a gold medal in Paris for her painting "De Japanse Pop" (The Japanese Doll). After Ceriez died on 2 Sep 1904 de Hem moved to Vorst (near Brussels) with her mother and her sister, where they lived in an Art Nouveau house
6614482
Marie-Louise Coidavid


Marie Louise Coidavid (1778– March 11, 1851), was the Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti 1811–20 as the spouse of Henri I of Haiti. Marie-Louise was born into a free black family; her father was the owner of a hotel, Hotel de la Couronne, Cap-Haïtien. She married Henri Christophe in Cap-Haïtien in 1793, having had a relationship with him from the year prior. They had four children: François Ferdinand (born 1794), Françoise-Améthyste (d. 1831)
5181769
Cornelis van der Mijle


a Latin school and enrolled next at Leiden University as a student in the Classics on 16 May 1591. He studied under Justus Lipsius and Joseph Justus Scaliger, Paulus Merula, Bonaventura Vulcanius, Julius van Beyma and Franciscus Junius (the elder). Among his study friends were Hugo Grotius, Petrus Scriverius and Daniel Heinsius. He also got into contact with Louise de Coligny, the widow of William the Silent and her son Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, the future stadtholder, who was also a student in Leiden at the
10858798
William the Silent


son from his fourth marriage, to Louise de Coligny) inherited the title of Prince of Orange. Frederick Henry continued the battle against the Spanish. Frederick Henry died on 14 March 1647 and is buried with his father William "The Silent" in Nieuwe Kerk, Delft. The Netherlands became formally independent after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The son of Frederick Henry, William II of Orange succeeded his father as stadtholder, as did his son, William III of Orange. The latter also became king of England, Scotland
21870111
Christian Louis I, Duke of Mecklenburg


, Duchesse de Coligny, (b. 1626). She was the widow Gaspard IV de Coligny, the son of Gaspard III de Coligny. Her first husband had died at Charenton-le-Pont on 9 February 1649 during the Fronde. The exact date of Elisabeth Angelique's wedding to Christian Louis is not known with certainty, but it was probably on 3 March 1664. She died on in Paris. Both marriages were childless. When Christian Louis I died, he was succeeded by his nephew Frederick William, the eldest
223910
Margravine Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg


Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg (13 September 1617 – 28 August 1676), was a Duchess consort of Courland by marriage to Duke Jacob Kettler of Courland. She was the de facto ruler of Courland during the reign of her spouse. She was born to George William, Elector of Brandenburg and Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (1597–1660). Raised as a Calvinist, she practiced this faith all her life. In 1638 her family moved to Königsberg where she made contact with local group of poets led by Simon Dach. After Louise
1978981
Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau


Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau (31 March 1576 in Delft – 15 March 1644 in Königsberg) was a countess of the Palatinate by marriage to Frederick IV, Elector Palatine, and regent during the minority of her son from 1610 until 1611. She was the eldest daughter of William of Nassau, Prince of Orange and his third spouse Charlotte de Bourbon-Montpensier. Louise Juliana was the first Dutch born member of the House of Orange-Nassau. After her father was murdered in 1584, she and some of her five
21095827
Château de Châtillon-Coligny


The Château de Châtillon-Coligny is a castle, later replaced with a smaller château, in the "commune" of Châtillon-Coligny in the Loiret "département" of France. The present structure is heavily modified. Its origins were a medieval fortress whose keep was constructed around 1180. The castle was rebuilt during the Renaissance and demolished from 1798. A new, more modest château was constructed in 1854. Of the original, the keep and a Renaissance well, attributed to Jean Goujon, are the only remains. The
12817052
Countess Anna of Nassau


away from her, lest she attack someone. Anna of Saxony began to suffer from hallucinations and violent outbursts. Christina was removed from her care and sent to be raised with her Anna and her siblings. William annulled their marriage, and remarried twice. Anna lived out the rest of her days in Dresden, until her death aged thirty-two in 1577. Her father then married Charlotte of Bourbon, with whom he had six daughters. After her death in 1582, William married Louise de Coligny who gave birth to a
11046176
Louise de Coligny


she was a French Huguenot and after the massacre (August 1572 -Paris), she spent ten years in the Swiss Confederacy. She then married William the Silent on 24 April 1583. She became the mother of Frederick Henry in 1584, William's fourth legitimate son and future prince of Orange. It is said that she warned her husband about Balthasar Gérard, because she thought him sinister. Catholic Gérard murdered William in July 1584 in Delft. After her husband was murdered, she raised their son and William's six daughters from
4788359
Coligny, Ain


). It was an engraved bronze tablet originally discovered as fragments in 1897. It is written in the Latin alphabet and it represents a five-year cycle composed of three years having twelve lunar months and two years (the first and third) having thirteen lunar months. At the end of the 19th century a bronze statue was discovered in the town and has been christened the "Dieu de Coligny" (God of Coligny). Coligny was the birthplace of Joseph Darnand (1897–1945), a French pro-Nazi traitor
19002149
Jean de Coligny-Saligny


so serious, that Coligny reconciled himself with the court and became Condé's greatest enemy. As lieutenant-general, he was sent to Hungary at the head of a corps of 6000 men, to help the Emperor stop an invasion by the Turks. Coligny played a crucial role in the Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664), in which the Turks were decisively defeated.br This battle was exceptional for the fact that French and Austrians, for once, fought on the same side. Coligny wrote his "Mémoires", which were
21298550
Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans


Le Blanc, who was to become duchesse de La Vallière, mistress of Louis XIV, and who grew up at Blois in the entourage of Isabelle's sister Marguerite Louise d'Orléans. It was assumed that Isabelle's older and more beautiful sister, Marguerite Louise, would marry Louis, and that Françoise Madeleine would marry another European prince. A possible match was one with Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy, who later married her younger sister on 4 March 1663. Another possible spouse was her cousin Henri Jules de Bourbon - the
11571606
Gaspard II de Coligny


, and demanded religious toleration and certain other reforms. In 1560, at the Assembly of Notables at Fontainebleau, the hostility between Coligny and François of Guise broke forth violently. When the civil wars began in 1562, Coligny decided to take arms only after long hesitation, and remained always ready to negotiate. In none of these wars did he show superior genius, but he acted throughout with great prudence and extraordinary tenacity; he was ""le héros de la mauvaise fortune"" (""hero of misfortune""
12466527
Jean-Baptiste du Plessis d'Argentré


Jean-Baptiste du Plessis d'Argentré (1 November 172024 February 1805) was Bishop of Séez, Normandy, from 17 Sep 1775 until his death. Jean-Baptiste was born in the in Argentré-du-Plessis in Brittany, from where the family took their name, to Pierre, former page of Louis XIV, and Marie-Louise Hindret de Ravenne. He was tutor to the "Enfants de France", the children of the French royal family, and the King's almoner. He was also (commendatory)
458063
Gaspard II de Coligny


Portuguese, in 1567. Coligny also was the leading patron for the failed French colony of Fort Caroline in Spanish Florida led by Jean Ribault in 1562. In 1566 and 1570, Francisque and André d'Albaigne submitted to Coligny projects for establishing relations with the Austral lands. Although he gave favourable consideration to these initiatives, they came to naught when Coligny was killed in 1572 during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacres. Following the death of Henry II he placed himself with Louis, Prince of Condé, at the forefront of the Huguenot party
12466526
French Wars of Religion


, Orange and Paris. Matters at Court were complicated as King Charles IX openly allied with the Huguenot leaders — especially Admiral Gaspard de Coligny. Meanwhile, the Queen Mother became increasingly fearful of the unchecked power wielded by Coligny and his supporters, especially as it became clear that Coligny was pursuing an alliance with England and the Dutch Protestant rebels. Coligny, along with many other Calvinist nobles, arrived in Paris for the wedding of the Catholic princess Margaret of France to the Protestant prince Henry of Navarre on August 18, 1572.
13016858
Battle of Moncontour


The Battle of Moncontour occurred on 3 October 1569 between the Catholic forces of King Charles IX of France, commanded by Henry, Duke of Anjou, and the Huguenots commanded by Gaspard de Coligny. Weeks before, Coligny had lifted the siege of Poitou and positioned his army in hopes of gaining an advantage over the approaching Royalist forces. However, a flanking maneuver by Saulx-Tavannes forced him to reposition his forces. This coincided with Henry's objective to keep Coligny's army from joining Gabriel, comte de Montgomery's forces.
11165560
Jacqueline de Montbel d'Entremont


. Bèze was also a close friend of admiral Gaspard II de Coligny, leader of the French Protestants. They both took part in the Colloquy of Poissy between 9 and 26 September 1561, disputing with Catholic theologians - from then on all Coligny's actions were influenced by Bèze. Despite the Colloquy's setbacks, Bèze and Coligny went on to get the twelve-year-old Francis II to sign the Edict of January 1562, also known as the Edict of Tolerance, which gave French Protestants official legal recognition and the right
1610141
Victoire de Rohan


father in 1788, the Duke inherited the title of "Prince de Guéméné". Afterwards, Victoire was known at court as "Madame de Guéméné". At the death of her father, her spouse became heir to the title "Prince de Soubise". She and her family lived lavishly in Paris at the "Hôtel de Rohan-Guéméné", located on the famous Place des Vosges. In 1775, Marie Louise de Lorraine, "Comtesse de Marsan" resigned the post of governess to the royal children in favour
14642229
Gaspard II de Coligny


Danowitz or Jean Charles D´Ianowitz (Karel z Janovic), who was generally known as Besme or Bême, plunged a sword through Coligny's breast and threw his body out of a window to his master's feet. Coligny finally died when another of Guise's associates chopped off his head. Historian Barbara B. Diefendorf wrote that Simon Vigor had "said if the King ordered the Admiral (Coligny) killed, 'it would be wicked not to kill him'. With these words, the most popular preacher in Paris legitimised in
12466533
Jacqueline de Montbel d'Entremont


he grieved deeply for her. Bèze advised Jacqueline to marry Coligny - she had met him many times at the Louvre since her return from Brussels in 1557 and knew him well, whilst both their mothers had both been ladies in waiting to Eleanor (Coligny's mother had been summoned to court for that purpose in 1530 and Coligny and his brothers Odet and François came with her and studied alongside the king's children). However, Coligny was unenthusiastic about the match, feeling preoccupied by his campaigning, thinking that the twenty-
1610143
Château de Thorens


Compey. The castle was confiscated by the duke of Savoie in 1479. Many crimes, abuses and executions were reported to have been committed by the lords of Compey, so the castle was offered of Hélène de Luxembourg, spouse of prince Janus de Savoie, duke of Genève. Hélène was, however, not interested in Thorens; her daughter Louise de Savoie, who married her cousin François de Luxembourg, inherited the Château de Thorens. Later, in 1559, Thorens was sold to Sébastien II de Luxembourg and Lord François de
3764317
Battle of Rio de Janeiro (1558)


The Battle of Rio de Janeiro was a battle in 1558 on the French town at Rio de Janeiro, called Henriville. The Portuguese, though in far smaller numbers, defeated the French and made them flee to the jungle. The French town was then burnt by Mem de Sá, the Portuguese governor. A few years before, the French admiral and colonist Villegagnon and his friend and comrade, Admiral Coligny, managed to build a fort in the area of modern-day Rio de Janeiro which they called Fort Coligny. As
4097016
Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark


summers, where she held a lively court, where artists, such as the poet Jens Baggesen, were among her admirers. The spouses were dissimilar: while Louise Augusta was extrovert, lively, beautiful and pleasure-loving, her spouse was unattractive, serious, interested in philosophy and politics. She was said to have many lovers, among them most notably the doctor Carl Ferdinand Suadacini, who treated her for infertility and was believed to have fathered her children, though this cannot be proven. Louise Augusta felt sympathy for
19338120
Philippe de Corguilleray


Philippe de Corguilleray, Sieur du Pont, was a Burgundian nobleman who is known for leading a group of Calvinist men from Geneva to the French colony of France Antarctique in Brazil in 1556. The contingent he led included writer Jean de Léry. Philippe de Corguilleray, who was in retirement near Geneva, had been asked by Admiral Coligny to lead the contingent, following a letter from Villegagnon to Coligny asking for support in his effort to consolidate the French establishment in Rio de Janeiro. He was also solicited by the Church of Geneva
4499434
Celtic calendar


The Celtic calendar is a compilation of pre-Christian Celtic systems of timekeeping, including the Gaulish Coligny calendar, used by Celtic countries to define the beginning and length of the day, the week, the month, the seasons, quarter days, and festivals. The Gaulish Coligny calendar is possibly the oldest Celtic solar/lunar ritual calendar. It was discovered in Coligny, France, and is now on display in the Palais des Arts Gallo-Roman museum, Lyon. It dates from the end of the second century AD
4305967
Marie Anne de Mailly


as "Mademoiselle de Monchy". On 19 June 1734, she married Jean Baptiste Louis, marquis de La Tournelle (1708-1740). She was a friend of Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans, granddaughter of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan. In 1732, Marie Anne's oldest sister Louise Julie, who had succeeded their mother as lady-in-waiting to the queen, caught the attention of King Louis XV, and was permitted by her spouse to become a royal mistress. Although she became the king's mistress in
10320006
Antoinette de Mérode


Antoinette de Merode (Antoinette Ghislaine; 28 September 1828 – 10 February 1864), was the Princess of Monaco by marriage to Charles III, Prince of Monaco. She was born in Brussels as the daughter of Count Werner de Merode (1797-1840) and his spouse, Countess Victoire de Spangen d'Uyternesse (1797–1845). She was the sister of Louise de Mérode and aunt of Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo, for three years Queen of Spain. On her eighteenth birthday on 28 September 1846 in Brussels, she married Charles III
16136047
François de Coligny d'Andelot


1560, was provided with a resident pastor. It was Coligny d'Andelot who brought his brothers over to the Protestant side, and they always remained very united despite the lack in Andelot, otherwise a valiant and able captain, of Gaspard's prudence and moderation. When the first War of Religion broke out, he was among the first to join Louis I de Bourbon, prince de Condé, named leader of the Protestant faction. François's position as colonel-général was confiscated and re-allocated to the duc de Randari.
19881592
Charlotte de Laval


19 April 1538, leaving Charlotte an orphan at the age of eight. On 15 October 1547 at Fontainebleau, Charlotte married Gaspard de Coligny, Seigneur de Châtillon who would be appointed Admiral of France in 1552. He succeeded Claude d'Annebault as admiral following the latter's death. Their principal residence was the Château de Châtillon-Coligny. Gaspard and Charlotte had three children: Charlotte's husband was taken prisoner at the Battle of Saint-Quentin in 1557, and was released two years later. It was during his imprisonment in the
3174793
Odet de Coligny


crossing. On 10 January 1569, Cardinal de Châtillon was commissioned by the Queen of Navarre, the Princes of Navarre, the Prince of Condé, and the other Protestant leaders, to seek aid from the Queen of England in the Third War of Religion. In February 1569, the Cardinal was in Canterbury. In 1568, his former abbacy of Ferrières was besieged by the troops of Louis de Condé, friend of the Coligny family and fellow Protestant. The abbey was pillaged and profaned and, although no monks were killed,
1375718
Château de Tanlay


projects forward into the moat. The perfect symmetry of the "cour d'honneur" is part of Tanlay's serene charm. The foundations are in part those of the thirteenth-century "château-fort". The rebuilding in Renaissance style is owing to the brother of the Admiral de Coligny, François de Coligny d'Andelot (1521-1569), who inherited the site in ruinous condition in 1547 and whose construction campaigns of 1555-1568 during the Wars of Religion, when Tanlay was a center of Huguenot resistance, left the
14034476
Georgina Brandolini d'Adda


Georgina Brandolini d'Adda, Contessa di Valmareno (born Princess Georgina Maria Natividad de Faucigny-Lucinge et Coligny; 23 December 1949) is a French-Brazilian fashion executive and designer. Princess Georgina Maria Natividad de Faucigny-Lucinge et Coligny was born on 23 December 1949 in Rio de Janeiro. Her father was Prince Jean-Louis de Faucigny-Lucinge, a French aristocrat, and her mother was Sylvia Regis de Oliveira, the daughter of a Brazilian diplomat. She grew up in Paris. On 12 June 1975, she married
19005578
Thomas Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Haddington


, daughter to Gaspard de Coligny, Duc de Châtillon, Marshal of France. Henriette de Coligny was eight years senior to Haddington, but nevertheless a marriage was contracted between them in 1643. Haddington and his bride returned to Scotland, where he involved himself with the Covenanters. Haddington died, while still underage, of consumption on 8 February 1645, without issue. His countess returned to France where she remarried to Gaspard de Champagne, Comte de la Suze, and died in 1673. Lord Haddington was succeeded by his brother John
4657221
Angélique Victoire, Comtesse de Chastellux


Henri Georges César, comte de Chastellux. She became the mother of César Laurent, marquis de Chastellux (1780–1854), and two daughters: Louise Pauline de Chastellux (1781–1857), who married Joseph Élisabeth Roger, comte Damas d'Antigny; and Gabrielle Joséphine Simone de Chastellux (1783–1820), spouse of Jean Baptiste Auguste Madeline de Percin, marquis de la Valette Montgaillard. After her wedding, she was appointed "dame pour accompagner" to Princess Victoire. After the death of her mother in 1786, she succeeded her as "
20905133
Charles de Coligny


owed his name to his recovery from illness aged six months on 7 February 1609, after his father prayed for the intercession of saint Bernard of Clairvaux. He became marquis of Coligny-le-Vieux, Andelot and Saint-Bris, baron of Lanty and Dinteville and lieutenant-général of Champagne. In 1625 he married Gabrielle de Pouilly, daughter of Simon de Pouilly, baron of Esne and Manonville, lord of Loupy, marshal of Barrois, governor of Stenay, and his wife Françoise de Berniaut. He died without issue
1610115
Siege of Orleans (1563)


were desecrated and relics destroyed. In 1563, Catholic troops led by the Duke of Guise set out to recapture Orleans, the defence of which was entrusted to the brother of Admiral de Coligny, François de Coligny d'Andelot. On 18 February 1563, when the position of the besieged had become difficult, Poltrot de Mere, a convicted Protestant, assassinated François de Guise. This assassination precipitated a treaty between the two parties which led to the Edict of Amboise on 19 March 1563 and established peace between the two communities. Orleans continued
19880078
Lancelot Voisin de La Popelinière


Gilbert had added that he thought the Marquis de la Roche had the same object in mind, but that the land in question was quite big enough for everyone: whoever arrived first should take the left hand or the right hand course as he pleased, leaving the alternative to the other. Castelnau observed that this was Francisque d’Albaigne's proposal, which the late [[Gaspard II de Coligny|Gaspard de Coligny]] had often talked about to him, Castelnau, and that it would not involve touching Spanish or Portuguese possessions, since
5969174
Gaspard II de Coligny


advance the events of St. Bartholomew's Day." Coligny's papers were seized and burned by the queen mother; among them, according to Brantôme, was a history of the civil war, "very fair and well-written, and worthy of publication". By his first wife, Charlotte de Laval (1530-1568), Gaspard had several children: By his second wife, Jacqueline de Montbel d'Entremont (1541-1588), the Countess d'Entremont and Launay-Gelin, Gaspard had one daughter, Beatrice,
12466534
European wars of religion


States and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. The Protestant army laid siege to several cities in the Poitou and Saintonge regions (to protect La Rochelle), and then Angoulême and Cognac. At the Battle of Jarnac (16 March 1569), the Prince de Condé was killed, forcing Admiral de Coligny to take command of the Protestant forces. Coligny and his troops retreated to the south-west and regrouped with Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, and in spring of 1570 they pillaged Toulouse, cut a path through the south of
20351006
Gaspard II de Coligny


and even visited him, but the queen mother prevented all private discourse between them. The Catholics now feared Huguenot retaliation for the attempt on Coligny's life, and it was decided to pre-emptively assassinate their leadership, in what became known as the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. As one of the main targets, on the night of 24 August, Coligny was attacked in his lodgings by a group led by Guise. After several of his entourage had been killed, a servant of the new Duke of Guise, Charles
12466532
Catherine de' Medici


the surgeon Ambroise Paré removed a bullet from his elbow and amputated a damaged finger with a pair of scissors. Catherine, who was said to have received the news without emotion, made a tearful visit to Coligny and promised to punish his attacker. Many historians have blamed Catherine for the attack on Coligny. Others point to the Guise family or a Spanish-papal plot to end Coligny's influence on the king. Whatever the truth, the bloodbath that followed was soon beyond the control of Catherine or any other leader. The
354115
Charles IX of France


king increasingly came under the influence of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, who had succeeded the slain Prince of Condé as leader of Huguenots after the Battle of Jarnac in 1569. Catherine, however, became increasingly fearful of Coligny's unchecked power, especially since he was pursuing an alliance with England and the Dutch. Coligny was also hated by Henry, Duke of Guise, who accused the Admiral of having ordered the assassination of his father Francis of Guise during the siege of Orléans in 1562. During the peace settlement, a marriage was
635466