Dadabhai Naoroji [SEP] employer
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Dadabhai Naoroji


and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He was married to Gulbai at the age of eleven. He died in Bombay on 30 June 1917, at the age of 91. Today the Dadabhai Naoroji Road, a heritage road of Mumbai, is named after him. Also, the Dadabhai Naoroji Road in Karachi, Pakistan is also named after him as well, as Naoroji Street in the Finsbury area of London. A prominent residential colony for central government servants in the south of Delhi is also named Naoroji Nagar. His granddaughters Perin and Khrushedben
6772631
Flora Fountain


L.G. and Cine Blitz hoardings, which used to display latest film gossip, at the fountain were targeted for relocation, apart from other hoardings along the Dadabhai Naoroji Road. The pilot project's plans fructified and resulted in the setting up of a citizen's association (of the various occupants, owners, corporate establishments and shopkeepers on the Dadabhai Naoroji Road) called "The Heritage Mile Association", as a non–profit group, with the objective to restore the heritage character of the Dadabhai Naoroji Road through public participation and private
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


simple street within the Mumbai Fort, it was broadened into an avenue in the 1860s. With the objective of protecting the 19th century streetscape, the Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Development Authority (MMRDA) launched a conservation project titled "Dadabhai Naoroji Road Heritage Streetscape Project" and implemented it successfully for which the MMRDA received the prestigious "UNESCO's Asia–Pacific Heritage Award of Merit", in the year 2004. The history of Dadabhai Naoroji Road could be chronicled to the time when it was a small street called Hornby Road (named
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


linked together by a continuous ground floor pedestrian arcade along the streetscape. The eponymous Dadabhai Naoroji Road, the heritage road of Mumbai, is named after Dadabhai Naoroji (1825–1917), an Indian nationalist leader known as the "Grand Old man of India". He was an intellectual with high academic achievements. In 1892, he was the first Asian to become Member of the British Parliament. As the founder of the Indian National Congress and three times its party President, his most notable contribution was to publicly voice the demand for
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Dadabhai Naoroji


, he had resigned on ethical grounds. In 1859, he established his own cotton trading company, Dadabhai Naoroji & Co. Later, he became professor of Gujarati at University College London. In 1865, Naoroji directed and launch the London Indian Society, the purpose of which was to discuss Indian political, social and literary subjects. In 1861 Naoroji founded The Zoroastrian Trust Funds of Europe alongside Muncherjee Hormusji Cama In 1867 Naoroji also helped to establish the East India Association, one of the predecessor organisations of the Indian National Congress with the
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Dadabhai Naoroji


were also involved in the freedom struggle. In 1930, Khurshedben was arrested along with other revolutionaries for attempting to hoist the Indian flag in a Government College in Ahmedabad. Dadabhai Naoroji's work focused on the drain of wealth from India to England during colonial rule of British in India. One of the reasons that the Drain theory is attributed to Naoroji is his decision to estimate the net national profit of India, and by extension, the effect that colonisation has on the country. Through his work with economics, Naoroji sought to
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Dadabhai Naoroji


Royal Commission on Indian Expenditure in 1896 in which he was also a member. This commission reviewed financial burdens on India and in some cases came to the conclusion that those burdens were misplaced. Dadabhai Naoroji is regarded as one of the most important Indians during the independence movement. In his writings, he considered that the foreign intervention into India was clearly not favourable for the country. Naoroji is remembered as the "Grand Old Man of Indian Nationalism" Mahatma Gandhi wrote to Naoroji in a letter of 1894 that "The Indians look
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Dadabhai Naoroji


Dadabhai Naoroji (4 September 1825 – 30 June 1917) also known as the "Grand Old Man of India" and "Unofficial Ambassador of India" was a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political and social leader. He was a Liberal Party member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1892 and 1895, and the first Indian to be a British MP, notwithstanding the Anglo-Indian MP David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre, who was disenfranchised for corruption. Naoroji is
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


A local news paper facilitated design, fabrication and installation of the cast iron street furniture along the buildings, in a stretch. Transparent community involvement was a key element in the success of this endeavour. A citizen's association (of the various occupants, owners, corporate establishments and shopkeepers on Dadabhai Naoroji Road) called "The Heritage Mile Association" was the outcome of the success of the initial pilot project. Set up as a non–profit group, the association's objectives are to restore the heritage character of Dr. Dadabhai
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Dadabhai Naoroji


also credited with the founding of the Indian National Congress, along with A.O. Hume and Dinshaw Edulji Wacha. His book "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India" brought attention to the draining of India's wealth into Britain. In it he explained his wealth drain theory. He was also a member of the Second International along with Kautsky and Plekhanov. In 2014, Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg inaugurated the Dadabhai Naoroji Awards for services to UK-India relations. India Post dedicated stamps to Naoroji in 1963, 1997 and
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


Guidelines for Signage and Street furniture for Dadabhai Naoroji Road". In the absence of any past records of architectural elevations or drawings of the facades in the street, the document was prepared with the following information. In May 2001, at the initiative of the architect of the project, the local shopkeepers, occupants and commercial establishments in the street and the local municipal officer implemented, voluntarily, the regulation of the shop fronts and signage; the expenses for relocation and redesign of the shop signs were borne by each individual establishment.
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Rast Goftar


Rast Goftar ("The Truth Teller") was an Anglo-Gujarati paper operating in Bombay that was started in 1851 by Dadabhai Naoroji and Kharshedji Cama and championed social reform among Parsis in Western India. A riot between Parsis and Muslims concerning the printing of a picture of Mahomet in 1851 was an immediate cause of the founding of the paper. As the Riots in Bombay continued, the Parsis became frustrated with their leaders, and Dadabhai Naoroji started the paper with the purpose of voicing the grievances of the poor and middle class
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


Dadabhai Naoroji Road (D.N.Road), a North–South commercial artery road, in the Fort business district in South Mumbai of Maharashtra, India, is the nerve centre of the city, starting from the Crawford Market, linking Victoria Terminus, leads to the Flora Fountain at the southern end of the road. This entire stretch of the road is studded with Neo–Classical and Gothic Revival buildings and parks built in the 19th century, intermingled with modern office buildings and commercial establishments. Formerly known as the Hornby Road, a
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


of Bombay harbour, before this part of Bombay got overbuilt. Apart from the Crawford Market at the northern end and the Flora Fountain, with Dadabhai Naoroji's statue overlooking the fountain at its southern end, the "Mile Long" street displays the following famous heritage buildings: The Victoria Terminus, designed by Frederick William Stevens, initially named in honour of the then Queen and Empress Victoria, in 1887. It was renamed as the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in 1996. The Terminus connects with the Crawford Market, and is the headquarters
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


which left much to be desired. The ambiance of the historic streetscape was also marred by the asynchronous street furniture, road dividers, benches and other public amenities. This necessitated launching of a conservation project titled "Dadabhai Naoroji Road Heritage Streetscape Project", by the Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Development Authority with the objective of protecting the 19th century streetscape for "restoring the architectural integrity of the street with the regulation of the signboards and the inclusion of street furniture that complemented the neo–classical architecture" To facilitate conservation activities on the Mumbai
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Early Nationalists


the suggestion of Dadabhai Naoroji, the name was changed to "Indian National Congress" and the foundation of the organisation laid on 28 December 1885. Dadabhai Naoroji, popularly known as the "Grand Old Man of India", took an active part in the foundation of the Indian National Congress and was elected its President thrice, in 1886, 1893 and after the Moderate phase in 1906. He spent a major part of his life in Britain.He founded the London Indian Society which he used to create the awareness among the
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


it was designed by architect Merwanjee Bana and built in 1898. It has undergone renovation in recent years with funds donated by Sir Dorabji Tata Trust to the library. Vatcha Agiary, Parsi fire temple located north of Flora Fountain on the Dr. Dadabhai Naoroji Road, was built in 1881. It has an Art Deco–style featuring carvings in a distinctly Assyrian style. The road is also a veritable sprawling city hub which is lined by banks, book, shoe and clothes shops in the city's stock market district and commercial Fort
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Dadabhai Naoroji


, he spoke on Irish Home Rule and the condition of the Indian people. He was also a notable Freemason. In his political campaign and duties as an MP, he was assisted by Muhammed Ali Jinnah, the future Muslim nationalist and founder of Pakistan. In 1906, Naoroji was again elected president of the Indian National Congress. Naoroji was a staunch moderate within the Congress, during the phase when opinion in the party was split between the moderates and extremists. Naoroji was a mentor to Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Gopal Krishna Gokhale
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Dadabhai Naoroji


Lastly, the principal income-earners would buy outside of India or leave with the money as they were mostly foreign personnel. In Naoroji's book 'Poverty' he estimated a 200–300 million pounds loss of India's revenue to Britain that is not returned. Naoroji described this as vampirism, with money being a metaphor for blood, which humanised India and attempted to show Britain's actions as monstrous in an attempt to garner sympathy for the nationalist movement. When referring to the Drain, Naoroji stated that he believed some tribute was
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Dadabhai Naoroji


of the Indian National Association founded by Sir Surendranath Banerjee from Calcutta a few years before the founding of the Indian National Congress in Bombay, with the same objectives and practices. The two groups later merged into the INC, and Naoroji was elected President of the Congress in 1886. Naoroji published "Poverty and un-British Rule in India" in 1901. Naoroji moved to Britain once again and continued his political involvement. Elected for the Liberal Party in Finsbury Central at the 1892 general election, he was the first British Indian
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Dadabhai Naoroji


for British goods in India. Over time, Naoroji became more extreme in his comments as he began to lose patience with Britain. This was shown in his comments which became increasingly aggressive. Naoroji showed how the ideologies of Britain conflicted when asking them if they would allow French youth to occupy all the lucrative posts in England. He also brought up the way that Britain objected to the drain of wealth to the papacy during the 16th century. Naoroji's work on the drain theory was the main reason behind the creation of the
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Naoroji Furdunji


Naoroji Furdunji (1817–1885) was a Parsi reformer from Bombay. He was born at Bharuch and educated at Bombay, becoming A teacher. During the 1840s, he defended the Zoroastrianism of the Parsis, at that time under pressure from Christian missionary activity, in "Fam-i-Farshid" which he edited. He was a founder of the Student's Literary and Scientific Society in 1848, with Dadabhai Naoroji, Bhau Daji, and Sorabji Shapurji Bengali. In 1851, with backing from K. N. Kama and in company with
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Dadabhai Naoroji


2017. Naoroji was born in Navsari into a Gujarati-speaking Parsi family, and educated at the Elphinstone Institute School. He was patronised by the Maharaja of Baroda, Sayajirao Gaekwad III, and started his public life as the Dewan (Minister) to the Maharaja in 1874. Being an "Athornan" (ordained priest), Naoroji founded the Rahnumae Mazdayasne Sabha (Guides on the Mazdayasne Path) on 1 August 1851 to restore the Zoroastrian religion to its original purity and simplicity. In 1854, he also founded a Gujarati
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Dadabhai Naoroji


was able to address the economic hardships facing India to an English audience. By presenting himself as an Imperial citizen he was able to use rhetoric to show the benefit to Britain that an ease of financial burden on India would have. He argued that by allowing the money earned in India to stay in India, tributes would be willingly and easily paid without fear of poverty; he argued that this could be done by giving equal employment opportunities to Indian professionals who consistently took jobs they were over-qualified for. Indian labour would
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Alfred Webb


Waterford in the 1892 general election, this time as an anti-Parnellite MP. His family had taken an interest in the welfare of British colonies and had been outspoken opponents of the opium traffic into China. Webb was a close friend of Dadabhai Naoroji, a key member of the Indian National Congress, who was also a friend of other Irish nationalists including Michael Davitt and Frank Hugh O’Donnell. While they attempted to involve Naoroji in Irish politics, Webb was invited by Naoroji to preside over the Indian National Congress in 1894.
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Dadabhai Naoroji


that the opening up of free trade allowed India to be exploited. When elected to Parliament by a narrow margin of 5 votes his first speech was about questioning Britain's role in India. Naoroji explained that Indians were either British subjects or British slaves, depending on how willing Britain was to give India the institutions that Britain already operated. By giving these institutions to India it would allow India to govern itself and as a result the revenue would stay in India. It is because Naoroji identified himself as an Imperial citizen that he
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Black British


Briton, Dadabhai Naoroji, stood for election to parliament for the Liberal Party in 1886. He was defeated, leading the leader of the Conservative Party, Lord Salisbury to remark that "however great the progress of mankind has been, and however far we have advanced in overcoming prejudices, I doubt if we have yet got to the point of view where a British constituency would elect a Blackman". This led to much discussion about the applicability of the term "black" to South Asians. Naoroji was elected to parliament in
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Shapurji Edalji


of Doralji Edalji, a Parsi merchant. He attended the Elphinstone College, where he was taught by Dadabhai Naoroji and was a classmate of Dinshaw Eduljee Wacha, who along with Naoroji, himself a former Elphinstone scholar, became a founder member of the Indian National Congress in Bombay in 1885. In defiance of his family, Edalji converted to Christianity in 1856, under the influence of Free Kirk missionary John Wilson. He was admitted to the Free Kirk College in Mumbai in 1864. He then worked for a year as a missionary
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Dadabhai Naoroji


be more likely to spend their income within India preventing one aspect of the drain. Naoroji believed that to solve the problem of the drain it was important to allow India to develop industries; this would not be possible without the revenue draining from India into England. It was also important to examine British and Indian trade to prevent the end of budding industries due to unfair valuing of goods and services. By allowing industry to grow in India, tribute could be paid to Britain in the form of taxation and the increase in interest
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Bhikaiji Cama


she came in contact with Shyamji Krishna Varma, who was well known in London's Indian community for fiery nationalist speeches he gave in Hyde Park. Through him, she met Dadabhai Naoroji, then president of the British Committee of the Indian National Congress, and for whom she came to work as private secretary. Together with Naoroji and Singh Rewabhai Rana, Cama supported the founding of Varma's Indian Home Rule Society in February 1905. In London, she was told that her return to India would be prevented unless she would sign
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


Naoroji Road through public participation and private sponsorship. The achievements of the association, since its inception, are: A few individual owners of buildings initiated restoration works which included removal of the air–conditioning units that were incongruent with the colonial façade. UNESCO evaluated the significant participatory approach of the streetscape project that mobilized local shop owners and residents, leading to the creation of participatory citizen's association to sustain and expand conservation work in Mumbai, which has set an important precedent. The Municipal Corporation adopted urban design guidelines for the entire
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Ardeshir Godrej


grandsons Adi, Nadir, and Jamshyd run the Godrej group. Adi Godrej's youngest son is also named Pirojsha Godrej and is currently part of the Godrej business as Managing director and CEO of Godrej Properties Limited. Around 1909 Ardeshir read an article by Dadabhai Naoroji on the impoverishment of India through unfair trade practices and excessive taxation levied by the colonial authorities. His interest roused, Ardeshir applied to the J. B. Petit library for more material and obtained a transcript of a speech that Naoroji had made in 1876 while municipal councillor in Bombay
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Dadabhai Naoroji


prove that Britain was draining money out of India. Naoroji described 6 factors which resulted in the external drain. Firstly, India is governed by a foreign government. Secondly, India does not attract immigrants which bring labour and capital for economic growth. Thirdly, India pays for Britain's civil administrations and occupational army. Fourthly, India bears the burden of empire building in and out of its borders. Fifthly, opening the country to free trade was actually a way to exploit India by offering highly paid jobs to foreign personnel.
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King's Commissioned Indian Officer


five infantry battalions out of 104, two cavalry regiments out of 21, and one pioneer battalion out of seven. They were to be reorganised on the British Army model, with King's Commissioned Indian Officers at every officer level and Indian Warrant Officers replacing Viceroy's Commissioned Officers. The eight units selected were: The first batch of KCIOs included: Commander-in-Chief Tripura Forces Col. Rana Jodha Jung Bahadur, Amar Singh, Maj. Gen. Ajit Rudra, K.A.D Naoroji (grandson of Dadabhai Naoroji), Field Marshal
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Jaganath Shunkerseth


Presidency founded by Jagannath Shankarshet on 26 August 1852. Various members were Sir Jamshedji Jejibhai, Jagannath Shankarshet, Naoroji Fursungi, Dr. Bhau Daji Lad, Dadabhai Naoroji and Vinayak Shankarshet. Sir Jamshedji Jejibhai was the first president of the organization. Jagannath's ancestor Babulshet Ganbashet migrated to Bombay in the mid-18th century from Konkan. Babulshet's son Shankarshet was a prominent businessman of South Mumbai in the late-18th century. Gunbow Street (now called Rustom Sidhwa Marg) in the Fort business district of present-day Mumbai, is named after Ganbashet
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Madan Mohan Malaviya


his family conditions did not allow it and his father wanted him to take his family profession of Bhagavat recital, thus in July 1884 Madan Mohan Malaviya started his career as an assistant master at the Govt High School in Allahabad. In December 1886, Malaviya attended the 2nd Indian National Congress session in Calcutta under chairmanship of Dadabhai Naoroji, where he spoke on the issue of representation in Councils. His address not only impressed Dadabhai but also Raja Rampal Singh, ruler of Kalakankar estate near Allahabad, who started a Hindi weekly "Hindustan
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Nagindas Parekh


Esthetic, 1972). He wrote the biographies of "Navalram" (1961), "Mahadev Desai" (1962), "Premanand" (1963), and "Gandhiji" (1964). "Saat Charitro" (Seven Biographies, 1947) is a collection of short biographies which include Confucius, Tansen, and Dadabhai Naoroji. "Sattavan" (Fifty Seven, 1938) is a work on the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He edited five works of Mahadev Desai, "Vachanmala" (1949–1951).
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Dadabhai Naoroji


material exhaustion of India, the moral loss to her is no less sad and lamentable . . . All [the Europeans] effectually do is to eat the substance of India, material and moral, while living there, and when they go, they carry away all they have acquired . . . The thousands [of Indians] that are being sent out by the universities every year find themselves in a most anomalous position. There is no place for them in their motherland . . . What must be the inevitable consequence?
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Mancherjee Bhownaggree


becoming a lawyer. He was the head of the Parsi organization in Europe and chairman of the Indian Social Club. He joined the Conservative Party and was selected as the party's candidate in the 1895 general election for N.E. Bethnal Green. His compatriot Dadabhai Naoroji was in the 1892-5 parliament, but Bhownaggree was the only other Indian of that time to enter the House of Commons, and the only one to be re-elected (1900). He was made a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian
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Partition of Bengal (1905)


with Morley about the potential constitutional reforms. While the anticipation of the liberal nationalists increased in 1906 so did tensions in India. The "Moderates" were challenged by the Congress meeting in Calcutta, which was in the middle of the radicalised Bengal. The moderates countered this problem by bringing Dadabhai Naoroji to the meeting. He rescued the "Moderates" in the Calcutta session and thus the unity of the Congress was maintained. The 1907 Congress was to be held at Nagpur. The 'Moderates' were worried that the "Extremists
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C. Sivaramamurti


Sivaramamurti, ensured in 1938 that the antiquities and industrial art collected by the Museum was organised effectively, into a collection that exists even today. His monumental book "L'Art en Inde" originally published in French earned the Dadabhai Naoroji Award. The book is available in German, English, Spanish and Italian. Dr.C.Sivaramamurti was the first fellow of the Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fundwhen it was instituted, as he was specially chosen by the Trustees of this Fund in an endeavour to set a standard to Indian scholarship.He did a
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Flora Fountain


Flora Fountain, at the Hutatma Chowk (Martyr's Square), is an ornamentally and exquisitely sculpted architectural heritage monument located at the southern end of the historic Dadabhai Naoroji Road, called the Mile Long Road, at the Fort business district in the heart of South Mumbai, Mumbai, India. Flora Fountain, built in 1864, is a fusion of water, architecture and sculpture, and depicts the Roman goddess Flora. It was built at a total cost of Rs. 47,000, or 9000 pounds sterling, a large sum
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Zoroastrian Trust Funds of Europe


Williams; the Archbishop of Canterbury; Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex; and Sophie, Countess of Wessex. The first formal move to organise the growing Parsi community in the United Kingdom was from Muncherjee Cama who was joined by Dadabhai Naoroji in a circular letter to the fifty Parsis they knew to be in London in 1861. Initially founded as 'Europena Zarthost Dharmanu Khatu' as ("The Religious Funds of the Zoroastrians in Europe" in Gujarati), in Kensington, London; the first meeting was attended by fifteen Parsis
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History of the Indian National Congress


's concerns by British authorities. The perception of bodies like the Congress was that of an elitist, then educated and wealthy people's institution. The first spurts of nationalistic sentiment that rose amongst Congress members were when the desire to be represented in the bodies of government, to have a say, a vote in the lawmaking and issues of administration of India. Congressmen saw themselves as loyalists, but wanted an active role in governing their own country, albeit as part of the Empire. This trend was personified by Dadabhai Naoroji,
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Hindu revolution


"swaraj" (self-rule). This demand was formulated by Lokmanya Tilak and agreed upon by Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal and Aurobindo Ghose in 1905 and proclaimed by Dadabhai Naoroji in his presidential address at the Calcutta Congress in 1906. It remained the principal aim of the movement until Independence in 1947. In the post-Independence period the focus of the movement shifted to the domination of the political field by the Congress party and its allies. As the situation has not found resolution and the ultimate goal –
21962126
University College London


), A. E. Housman (classical scholar, and poet), Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (first President of Czechoslovakia and "Father of the Nation"), John Stuart Mill (philosopher), Peter Kirstein CBE (computer scientist, significant role in the creation of the Internet), George R. Price (population geneticist), Edward Teller ("Father of the Hydrogen Bomb"), David Kemp (the first scientist to demonstrate the existence of the otoacoustic emissions) and Dadabhai Naoroji (Indian Parsi leader, the first Asian
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Seven Bungalows


Seven Bungalows (also known as Saat Bangla) is a neighbourhood in Versova, Andheri, Mumbai. The area is said to derive its name from seven bungalows owned by then country's who's who - the Maharaja of Gwalior, the Maharaja of Kutch, Dadabhai Naoroji, Sir Rustom Masani, Sorabjee Talati, the Khambatta's and the Chinai's. Of which now only the bungalow of Chinai's built in the 1930s by Claude Batley, a British architect, for Maneklal Chunilal Chinai, a wealthy textile merchant, remains in
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Catholic Colony


The Catholic Colony 1 and 2 were new developments in the early 1900s and considered to be on the outskirts of the city. After the partition of India in 1947, the rapid expansion of the city put the Catholic Colonies in the heart of Karachi. Catholic Colony No. 1 is located opposite the Quaid's Mazar on M. A. Jinnah Road. Catholic Colony No. 2, is situated on Wedder Burn Road and Dadabhai Naoroji Road. Catholic Colony No. 1 falls within St. Lawrence’s Parish while Catholic Colony No. 2
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Persecution of Zoroastrians


with the British government he managed to get some of the repression against Zoroastrians removed. "Jizya" was paid by the Zoroastrian minority until 1882, when it was removed by pressure on the Qajar government from the Persian Zoroastrian Amelioration Fund. The Zoroastrian Trust Funds of Europe (ZTFE), also attempted to alleviate the conditions of their Iranian brethren. Both Dadabhai Naoroji and Mancherjee Bhownagree, as presidents of the ZTFE and Members of Parliament addressed the House of Commons of the United Kingdom on the issue of the persecution of Zoroastrians in
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Flora Fountain


a group of architects appointed by MMRDA, a report titled "Dadabhai Naoroji Road Heritage Streetscape Project", which addressed the problems and provided designs and plans, was prepared by the MMRDA. But action on ground was initiated by the architects who prepared the report in association with the local shopkeepers, occupants and commercial establishments in the street and the local municipal officer who implemented, voluntarily, the regulation of the shop fronts and signage; the expenses for relocation and redesign of the shop signs were borne by each individual establishment. The
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India House


a ceremony attended by, among others, Dadabhai Naoroji, Charlotte Despard and Bhikaji Cama When opened as a student-hostel in 1905, it provided accommodation for up to thirty students. In addition to being a student-hostel, the mansion also served as the headquarters for several organisations, the first of which was the Indian Home Rule Society (IHRS). Krishna Varma admired Swami Dayananda Saraswati's cultural nationalism and believed in Herbert Spencer's dictum that "Resistance to aggression is not simply justified, but imperative". A
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India House


by Bapat. Bapat was declared absconder (a fugitive) in the Alipore bomb case of 1909, which followed the attempt to bomb a district magistrate's carriage in Bengal by Khudiram Bose. By 1908, the popularity of the India House group had overtaken the London Indian Society (LIS), established in 1865 by Dadabhai Naoroji and until then the largest association of Indians in London. Subsequently, India House took over the control of LIS when, at the annual general meeting that year, members of India House packed the gathering
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


swaraj (Independence of India), in 1906. History books on India have recorded his achievements and contributions to India's freedom movement. Concerned by the economic consequences of the British rule in India, he propagated a theory that India's unfortunate economic condition and poverty then was the result of the British Colonial government ‘draining’ resources out of this country, a unilateral transfer of resources from India to Britain. He also expanded on this theory through lectures and wrote on "Poverty" and "Un–British Rule in India
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


" (1901), which provoked and inspired economic nationalism in India. This theory, termed the "drain theory" caught the imagination of the people and became the rallying point for India's nationalist movement for independence. His statue (made of black marble), bespectacled with a Parsi hat and with a book in one hand, overlooks the iconic Flora Fountain. It is stated that during his time one could get a panoramic view of the city all the way past the Taj Mahal Hotel into the waves of sea waters
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


of the Central Railway. Its architecture depicts figurines of "progress" and "prosperity" with a variety of sculpted animals and birds. It is said that the St Pancras station in London bears some similarity to the Victoria Terminus. The traditional Indian palace architecture is also reflected in its beautiful stone dome, turrets, pointed arches and eccentric ground plan. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004. Every day, the Terminus pours out a phenomenal number of pedestrians into the D.N.Road. The Crawford Market (pictured in
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


infobox), renamed as “Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Mandai”, located at the start of the D.N.Road, is a blend of Flemish and Norman architecture with a bas–relief built of coarse Coorla rubble, relieved by bright red stone from Bassein. It depicts Indian peasants in wheat fields just above the main entrance. The friezes on the outside and the fountains inside were designed by Lockwood Kipling, father of the novelist Rudyard Kipling. The Municipal Corporation headquarters or the Bombay Municipal Corporation Building (BMC) was designed as V–
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


shaped structure in the Gothic Revival style of architecture by the British architect F W Stevens and built in 1893, subsequent to Lord Ripon, the Viceroy of India initiating the project in 1884. Notable features of the building are its tall tower with the central dome, rising to a height of . Times of India building, founded as "The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce" in 1838 is located opposite to the Victoria Terminus, a heritage structure which houses offices of the Times of India news paper. The structure, which
1550505
Framjee Nasarwanjee Patel


, however, not so much for his success as a merchant, as for his spirit and liberality as an educationist, reformer and philanthropist, that his name is notable in the annals of western India. He entered on his civic labors in 1837, and in all public movements figured prominently as an accredited representative of his community. As a pioneer of education, both for boys and girls, his example inspired the younger men of his time, like Dadabhai Naoroji, at one time Member of Parliament (MP) for Finsbury
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Indian independence movement


among Congress members led to the movement to be represented in the bodies of government, to have a say in the legislation and administration of India. Congressmen saw themselves as loyalists, but wanted an active role in governing their own country, albeit as part of the Empire. This trend was personified by Dadabhai Naoroji, who went as far as contesting, successfully, an election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, becoming its first Indian member. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was the first Indian nationalist to embrace "Swaraj"
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Elphinstone College


Elphinstone College is an institution of higher education affiliated to the University of Mumbai. Established in 1856, it is one of the oldest colleges of the University of Mumbai. It is reputed for producing luminaries like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bhim Rao Ambedkar, Virchand Gandhi, Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozshah Mehta, Kashinath Trimbak Telang, Jamsetji Tata and for illustrious professors that includes Dadabhai Naoroji. It is further observed for having played a key role in spread of Western education in the Bombay Presidency. The year 2006 marked the sesquicentennial celebrations of the
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Kharshedji Rustomji Cama


Kharshedji Rustomji Cama (1831–1909), often known as K. R. Cama, was a Parsi scholar and reformer from Bombay. From a privileged family background, Cama gained a reputation as a scholar. He had a traditional Parsi education, and then went to Elphinstone School in Bombay. Leaving in 1849, he joined a trading house in Calcutta, and then travelled in 1850 to London, returning in 1854 to Bombay. Going into business with Dadabhai Naoroji, he went again to Europe in 1855, and studied with orientalists there:
19916183
Imperial Federation


, raised the issue in the British House of Commons. Recalling to the House the contributions of Dadabhai Naoroji and Mancherjee Bhownagree, Indian MPs serving in the House of Commons, Hedderwick mooted the possibility that an autonomous India might one day be represented in an Imperial Parliament. One of the main obstacles to the scheme was what one of its proponents, Richard Jebb, called colonial nationalism. The granting of authority to a super-parliament composed of many competing interests was seen by opponents as a compromise to the powers of the local
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Municipal Corporation Building, Mumbai


The Municipal Corporation Building, Mumbai, located in South Mumbai, Maharashtra, India is a Grade IIA heritage building opposite to the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (an UNESCO World heritage site) at the junction of Dadabhai Naoroji Road and Mahapalika Marg. It is also known as the BrihanMumbai Municipal Corporation Building, or BMC building for short. As the name suggests, the ‘V’ shaped building houses the civic body that governs the city of Mumbai, the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. It is said to be the largest civic organization
20758523
S. R. Mehrotra


relating to Hume and towards the end of his life, Dadabhai Naoroji. Mehrotra was born in Anantram, Etawah. He went to a local government school (which had been founded by A. O. Hume, an abiding professional interest in later life) and later to the University of Allahabad, receiving an M.A. in history in 1950 after which he went to the University of London from where he received a Ph.D. in 1960. His Ph.D. dissertation was published as a book "India and the Commonwealth" (1965). He then
21454301
Hormasji Maneckji Seervai


the highest academic distinction. Also in 1981, he was awarded the Dadabhai Naoroji Prize. In 1982, Seervai was elected Honorary Fellow of the Asiatic Society of Bombay. The International Bar Association recognised him as a "Living Legend of Law" in 1994. Lord Denning, the doyen of all judges said, "He was a great personality and one of the most learned I have met." However, the most fining recognition of his eminence was the Government of India's offer to appoint him the Attorney-General for
21553266
Welby Commission


In 1895, the Royal Commission on the Administration of Expenditure of India, commonly known as the Welby Commission, was set up to look into Indian expenditures. The Commission's membership included: Lord Welby (1832-1915) Lord Chaman(1859-1925) and T.R. Buchanan as Parliamentary representatives, and William Wedderburn (1838-1918), Dadabhai Naoroji (1825-1917), and William S. Caine (1842-1903) as representatives of Indian interests.This improved the economic condition of India by reducing excessive expenditure. Welby
21798421
The Yoga Institute


Shri Yogendra at "The Sands", the residence of Dadabhai Naoroji, at Versova beach near Bombay. It was the first yoga center to offer courses for free to men, women and children of any caste or creed. In 1919, Shri Yogendra set off for America to found The Yoga Institute of America on Bear Mountain, New York. Until his marriage in 1927, Yogendra toured the world, teaching yoga, treating patients and gathering manuscripts on Hatha Yoga. The first journal of The Yoga Institute, "YOGA"
2916612
Indian Home Rule Society


The Indian Home Rule Society (IHRS) was an Indian organisation founded in London in 1905 that sought to promote the cause of self-rule in British India. The organisation was founded by Shyamji Krishna Varma, with support from a number of prominent Indian nationalists in Britain at the time, including Bhikaji Cama, Dadabhai Naoroji and S.R. Rana, and was intended to be a rival organisation to the British Committee of the Indian National Congress that was the main avenue of the loyalist opinion at the time. Founded on 18 February 1905
2923299
Uttarpara Public Library


of the Indian National Congress; his speech proposing Dadabhai Naoroji as president of the Second Indian National Congress (held in Calcutta in 1886) was much acclaimed. This is indicated by Mr. A. O. Hume describing Jaykrishna as "the Nestor of the Bengal conservatives". On 15 April 1859, Jaykrishna Mukherjee formally opened the first free Public Library in India (and perhaps in Asia as well). This library, known as the Uttarpara Public Library, was originally Jaykrishna’s personal collection and open to researchers as early as 1851.
3169386
Royal Commission on the Amalgamation of the City and County of London


. A meeting of the London Liberal and Radical Union was held on 15 October to consider the commission's report. The meeting was addressed by three London members of parliament, James Stuart, Edward Pickersgill and Dadabhai Naoroji and a resolution was passed strongly approving the report. The resolution called for the government to bring in a bill in the next parliamentary session to bring the report into effect. The meeting went further than the commission, calling for the Metropolitan Asylums Board to be abolished and for the Metropolitan Police to be brought under
5056184
Dadabhai Naoroji


fortnightly publication, the "Rast Goftar" (or The Truth Teller), to clarify Zoroastrian concepts and promote Parsi social reforms. And also published another newspaper called " Voice of India ". In 1855, he was appointed Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at the Elphinstone College in Bombay, becoming the first Indian to hold such an academic position. He travelled to London in 1855 to become a partner in Cama & Co, opening a Liverpool location for the first Indian company to be established in Britain. Within three years
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Dadabhai Naoroji


aim of putting across the Indian point of view before the British public. The Association was instrumental in counter-acting the propaganda by the Ethnological Society of London which, in its session in 1866, had tried to prove the inferiority of the Asians to the Europeans. This Association soon won the support of eminent Englishmen and was able to exercise considerable influence in the British Parliament. In 1874, he became Prime Minister of Baroda and was a member of the Legislative Council of Bombay (1885–88). He was also a member
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Dadabhai Naoroji


MP. He refused to take the oath on the Bible as he was not a Christian, but was allowed to take the oath of office in the name of God on his copy of "Khordeh Avesta". During his time he put his efforts towards improving the situation in India. He had a very clear vision and was an effective communicator. He set forth his views about the situation in India over the course of history of the governance of the country and the way in which the colonial rulers rules. In Parliament
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Dadabhai Naoroji


Britain. This type of drain was experienced in different ways as well, for instance, British workers earning wages that were not equal with the work that they have done in India, or trade that undervalued India's goods and overvalued outside goods. Englishmen were encouraged to take on high paying jobs in India, and the British government allowed them to take a portion of their income back to Britain. Furthermore, the East India Company was purchasing Indian goods with money drained from India to export to Britain, which was a way
6772636
John Crawfurd


the numeral words of their language. Crawfurd used domestication frequently as a metaphor. His racist views on black people were laughed at, during the British Association meeting at Birmingham in 1865. A paper by Crawfurd, "On the Physical and Mental Characteristics of European and Asian Races of Man", given 13 February 1866, argued for the superiority of Europeans. It particularly laid emphasis on European military dominance as evidence. Its thesis was directly contradicted at a meeting of the Society some weeks later, by Dadabhai Naoroji. Recent analyses
6831061
Tanguturi Prakasam


eating non-vegetarian food, smoking and drinking. He reached England in 1904. In England, he joined the Royal India Society and worked for the election of Dadabhai Naoroji to the House of Commons. After completing the barrister course with a certificate of honour in London, Prakasam relocated to Madras high court. He was one of the only Telugu barristers to be successful; until then, most of the successful lawyers were either European or Tamil. He dealt with both civil and criminal cases. Of the latter, one of
7041090
Parsis


corps, Scouting troops, clubs, and Masonic Lodges. They had their own charitable foundations, housing estates, legal institutions, courts, and governance. They were no longer weavers and petty merchants, but now were established and ran banks, mills, heavy industry, shipyards, and shipping companies. Moreover, even while maintaining their own cultural identity they did not fail to recognize themselves as nationally Indian, as Dadabhai Naoroji, the first Asian to occupy a seat in the British Parliament would note: "Whether I am a
7238
Rash Behari Ghosh


member of the Indian National Congress and leaned towards the moderate wing. He had deep faith in progress but was opposed to radicalism in any form. He served as the President of the Congress for two terms (Surat, 1907 and Madras, 1908), succeeding Dadabhai Naoroji. Ghosh was a member of the Bengal Legislative Council (1891–94, 1906–9) and the Council of India. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in the 1896 New Year Honours and appointed a Companion of the
8165079
C. Vijayaraghavachariar


a result of the committee's work that multitudes were brought within the fold of the Congress. Vijayaraghavachariar's close associates in the Congress included Dadabhai Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Dr. Ansari, Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Lala Lajpat Rai, C. Rajagopalachari and Motilal Nehru. With the advent of Mahatma Gandhi's non-violent ideologies in the party, there was a rift in the Congress ranks between the old moderates and the new radicals. Vijiaraghavachariar was a Nationalist and the Moderate Congress policy did not
8165114
History of the British salt tax in India


we earnestly hope that it will he granted before long'. A similar sort of protest was also issued at the Congress session at Ahmedabad. The salt tax was also protested by eminent people like Dadabhai Naoroji. On 14 August 1894, he thundered in the House of Commons: In 1895, George Hamilton stated at a session of the House of Commons that: When the salt tax was doubled in the year 1923, it was sharply criticized in a report by the Taxation Enquiry Committee which was published two years later. This
10472881
Dinshaw Edulji Wacha


the Indian Merchants' Chamber in 1915. He was knighted in 1917. Sir Dinshaw was a member of the Bombay Legislative Council, the Imperial Legislative Council and the Council of State. He headed the Western India Liberal Association from 1919 to 1927. Wacha played a significant role in the early days of the Indian National Congress, helping to shape its structure and the way in which it conducted its activities. Wacha was instrumental in steering the Congress away from actively soliciting the support of India's princes. Though Dadabhai Naoroji believed that
10551847
Mahendra Pratap


from his father-in-law, Pratap went to Kolkata in 1906 to attend the Congress session, and met several leaders involved in the Swadeshi movement, deciding to promote small industries with indigenous goods and local artisans. He was very much against social evils, especially untouchability. To eliminate this evil he dined with a Tamata family of Almora in 1911, and a Mehtar family of Agra in 1912. He was influenced by the speeches of Dadabhai Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Maharaja Baroda, and Bipin Chandra Pal, helping
10816130
Shyamji Krishna Varma


Home Rule Society with the object of: As many Indian students faced racist attitudes when seeking accommodations, he founded India House as a hostel for Indian students, based at 65, Cromwell Avenue, Highgate. This living accommodation for 25 students was formally inaugurated on 1 July by Henry Hyndman, of the Social Democratic Federation, in the presence of Dadabhai Naoroji, Lala Lajpat Rai, Madam Cama, Mr. Swinney (of the London Positivist Society), Mr. Harry Quelch (the editor of the Social Democratic Federation's "Justice"
11546929
Perin Captain


Perin Ben Captain (1888–1958) was an Indian freedom activist, social worker and the grand daughter of renowned Indian intellectual and leader, Dadabhai Naoroji. The Government of India honoured her in 1954, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award for her contributions to the country, placing her among the first group of recipients of the award. Perin Ben was born on 12 October 1888 in Mandvi, in Kutch district, in the Indian state of Gujarat, in a Parsi family. Her father, Ardeshir
13155175
Perin Captain


, was a medical doctor and the eldest son of Dadabhai Naoroji, and mother, Virbai Dadina,a house wife. Born as the eldest of eight children, she lost her father in 1893 when she was only 5 years old and did her early education in Mumbai. Later she joined from where she secured a degree in French. While in Paris, she came into the circle of Bhikaiji Cama and started participating in their activities. It is reported that she was involved with the plan to release Vinayak Damodar Savarkar after his
13155176
Sri Aurobindo


in 1902. Aurobindo attended the 1906 Congress meeting headed by Dadabhai Naoroji and participated as a councillor in forming the fourfold objectives of "Swaraj, Swadesh, Boycott and national education". In 1907 at the Surat session of Congress where moderates and extremists had a major showdown, he led along with extremists along with Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The Congress split after this session. In 1907–1908 Aurobindo travelled extensively to Pune, Bombay and Baroda to firm up support for the nationalist cause, giving speeches and meeting with groups. He was arrested
13623489
Atmaram Pandurang


Atmaram obtained a gold medal in Practical Chemistry and obtained honours in mathematics and geology at University College London in 1867 and was a vice-principal at Rajkumar College in Baroda. Another daughter Manek Turkhud passed the Licensiate of Medicine and Surgery from Bombay in 1892. In the same year, the daughter of Dadabhai Naoroji, Maneckbai also passed the same examination. Another son Dnyaneshwar Atmaram Turkhud (born 1862) studied at the Grant Medical College and at the University of Edinburgh from 1890-91. He worked at the Haffkine Institute and
13682252
Shri Yogendra


was being educated and groomed to be Madhavadasaji's successor. Yogendra learned Yoga, much of the teaching being on the practical and pragmatic use of Yoga and its application in sickness and suffering. His training in the Ashram was centered around yogic 'natural health cures' administered to patients in the ashram's sick ward. Yogendra left the Ashram after more than two years. On November 25, 1918, Yogendra established The Yoga Institute at the residence of Dadabhai Naoroji at Versova Beach in Bombay (now Mumbai). A year later
13958211
History of India


the boycott of all imported items and the use of Indian-made goods; the triumvirate were popularly known as Lal Bal Pal. Under them, India's three big provinces – Maharashtra, Bengal and Punjab shaped the demand of the people and India's nationalism. In 1907, the Congress was split into two factions: The radicals, led by Tilak, advocated civil agitation and direct revolution to overthrow the British Empire and the abandonment of all things British. The moderates, led by leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and Gopal Krishna Gokhale
13985647
Great Famine of 1876–1878


. Among the British administrators in India who were unsettled by the official reactions to the famine and, in particular by the stifling of the official debate about the best form of famine relief, were William Wedderburn and A. O. Hume. Less than a decade later, they would found the Indian National Congress and, in turn, influence a generation of Indian nationalists. Among the latter were Dadabhai Naoroji and Romesh Chunder Dutt for whom the "Great Famine" would become a cornerstone of the economic critique of the British Raj. In
14022720
Legislatures of British India


separate electorates were held in 1937 and 1946, leading to the formation of provincial ministries (governments) led by a Prime Minister. Most of the provincial governments were unstable amid the outbreak of World War II, the Bengal famine of 1943 and the Quit India movement. A number of British Indians and Anglo-Indians were elected to the British parliament, particularly from the Parsi and Jewish communities. They included Dadabhai Naoroji, Mancherjee Bhownagree, Shapurji Saklatvala, Philip Sassoon and Ernest Soares. The Chamber of Princes was established by a
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


after William Hornby, Governor of Bombay from 1771 to 1784) in the erstwhile old fort area, more than two hundred years back. The British East India Company built the Fort (Mumbai precinct) liesurly between 1686 and 1743 with three gates, a moat, esplanade, level open spaces on its western fringe (to control fires) and residences (remnant of the fort wall is pictured). The fort was demolished in 1860s by the then Governor Sir Bartle Frere to provide adequate space for the growing civic requirements of the
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


city and the area was substantially re–structured. The small Hornby Road was converted into a broad avenue, and on its western border large plots were laid and impressive buildings (built during the boom years 1885-1919) constructed in accordance with mandatory (government regulation of 1896) pedestrian arcade in the ground floor that performed as the unifying element tying together the various building facades. What ensued in the nineteenth century was thus a magnificent spectacle of Victorian neo–Gothic, Indo–Sarcenic, neo–classical and Edwardian structures
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


was subject to aggressive marine environment of Mumbai since 1901, has undergone many structural and architectural modifications. Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art (J.J.School of Art), established in 1857 is the oldest art institution in India and as a University awards bachelor's degree in fine art and culture and master's degree in fine arts. The J.N.Petit Public Library is at a vantage location at the corner plot at the junction of D.N. Road, P.M. Road and Napier Road. The building is named after its donor Sir Jamshetjee Nesserwanjee Petit and
1550506
Dadabhai Naoroji Road


's heritage sites, a trust called the "MMR Heritage Conservation Society" was instituted to provide grants and funding for documentation and research studies. In the first phase of the project, Mumbai Metropolitan Development Authority prepared the first urban conservation guidelines in India. This was done by the appointed architect Abha Narain Lambah assisted by a team of nine architects and undergraduate students who documented this phenomenal streetscape, which resulted, at the end of nine months of studies in 1998, in a document titled "Design Handbook for a Heritage Streetscape:
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Dadabhai Naoroji Road


historic precinct. UNESCO which awarded the prestigious Asia-Pacific Heritage Award of Merit in the year 2004 to the project, in its citation by the Judges, observed: "The project’s success has generated widespread appreciation of the aesthetic, social and commercial values which have resulted from the preservation of the street’s historic character. Through its influence on urban policy and contribution to the commercial vitality of the neighborhood, this project sets the standard for future urban streetscape revitalization throughout India. The first of its kind in India, this
1550514
Indian independence movement


Khan, Rabindranath Tagore and Dadabhai Naoroji, as well as women such as the Scots–Irish Sister Nivedita, spread the passion for rejuvenation and freedom. The rediscovery of India's indigenous history by several European and Indian scholars also fed into the rise of nationalism among Indians. By 1900, although the Congress had emerged as an all-India political organisation, it did not have the support of most Indian Muslims. Attacks by Hindu reformers against religious conversion, cow slaughter, and the preservation of Urdu in Arabic script deepened their
1648395
Indian independence movement


into two factions: The "radicals", led by Tilak, advocated civil agitation and direct revolution to overthrow the British Empire and the abandonment of all things British. The "moderates", led by leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and Gopal Krishna Gokhale, on the other hand, wanted reform within the framework of British rule. Tilak was backed by rising public leaders like Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai, who held the same point of view. Under them, India's three great states – Maharashtra, Bengal and Punjab
1648399
Mancherjee Bhownaggree


Sir Mancherjee Merwanjee Bhownaggree (15 August 1851 – 14 November 1933) was a British Conservative Party politician of Indian Parsi heritage. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) representing the constituency of Bethnal Green North East in the Parliament of the United Kingdom between 1895 and 1906, the second Indian to be a British MP after fellow Parsi Dadabhai Naoroji, and the longest-serving British Asian MP until Keith Vaz (first elected in 1987). Bhownaggree was born the son of a merchant in Bombay (now Mumbai),
16852868
Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee


from the Calcutta bar in 1901. His daughter Janaki Bonnerjee studied natural science, chemistry, zoology and physiology at Newnham College, Cambridge University. He presided over the first session of the Indian National Congress held at Bombay in 1885 from 28 December to 31 December and attended by 72 members. In the 1886 session held at Calcutta, under the presidency of Dadabhai Naoroji, he proposed the formation of standing committees of the Congress in each province for the better co-ordination of its work and it was on this occasion that he
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