Hans Bothmann [SEP] military rank
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Hans Bothmann


SS-"Hauptsturmführer" Hans Bothmann or Hans Johann Bothmann (November 11, 1911 – April 4, 1946) was the last commandant of the Chełmno extermination camp from 1942 on (SS card number 117630); leader of the "SS Special Detachment Bothmann" conducting the extermination of Jews from the Łódź Ghetto and other places. He committed suicide in British custody in April 1946 while in Heide. Bothmann was born in Lohe-Rickelshof village in the Dithmarschen district of Holstein (northern Germany) in November 1911. He joined the paramilitary Hitler
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Hans Bothmann


(Strippel, Reinefarth, Fiedler) because "genocide" was not in the criminal code of the Third Reich and would not be applied retroactively. Yet, Hans Bothmann was not alone. He was one of at least a dozen high-profile Nazi German functionaries and Holocaust perpetrators who committed suicide, including Theodor Dannecker ('45), Odilo Globocnik ('45), Richard Glücks ('45), Friedrich Krüger ('45), Ilse Koch ('67), Ernst Grawitz ('45),
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Hans Bothmann


Youth ("Hitlerjugend", HJ) in 1932. Soon, he got a full-time job with the Gestapo office "Stapoleitstelle Berlin", and in 1937 became a "Kriminalkommissar" there. He was 28 years old at the time of the German invasion of Poland. During the summer of 1942, after replacing "Hauptsturmführer" Herbert Lange at Chełmno, Hans Bothmann made substantial changes to the camp's killing methods. The improvements were prompted by two incidents in March and April of that year. First, the
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Hans Bothmann


victims more quickly. Another major change involved parking the gas vans while prisoners were killed. They were no longer driven en route to the forest cremation area with living victims inside. The Chełmno death factory, credited with the murder of at least 180,000 Jews before the war's end (see Chełmno Trials for supplementary data), operated under Bothmann originally between the summer of 1942 and March 1943. With almost all Jews of the "Wartheland" District already "processed", the camp was closed in March 1943. Bothmann was
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Chełmno extermination camp


Police personnel, under the leadership of Security Police and SD officers. Herbert Lange was replaced as camp commandant in March (or April) 1942 by Schultze. He was succeeded by SS-Captain Hans Bothmann, who formed and led the "Special Detachment Bothmann". The maximum strength of each Special Detachment was just under 100 men, of whom around 80 belonged to the Order Police. The local "SS" also maintained a "paper command" of the camps "Allgemeine-SS" inspectorate, to which most of
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Hans Bothmann


sent to Yugoslavia, but a year later he was summoned back to Poznań in order to supervise the renewed killing operations at Chełmno, because the Łódź Ghetto continued to take in prisoners not only from occupied Poland but also from Germany, Bohemia, Moravia and other places. A total of 70,000 Jews were still there. In this final phase of the camp operation, Bothmann supervised the murder of some 25,000 victims before finally, in mid-July 1944, the SS and police began deporting the remaining inhabitants of the Łódź ghetto to
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Hans Bothmann


Auschwitz-Birkenau. In September 1944, the SS brought in new Commando 1005 to exhume and cremate any remaining evidence of genocide. Bothmann took part in the shooting of the last Jewish workers. He fled the forest camp just before the arrival of the Soviet Army. His final assignment was in Flensburg with SIPO and the Border Police before the war's end. Captured in West Germany by the British, he hanged himself while in custody, unaware that a life of freedom might have awaited him, similar to other mass murderers
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Hans Bothmann


gas van broke down on the highway while full of living victims. Soon after that, the Sauer van exploded while the driver was revving its engine at the loading ramp; the gassing compartment was full of living Jews. The explosion blew off the locked back door, and badly burned the victims inside. Drivers were replaced. Bothmann's modifications to the killing methods included adding poison to gasoline. There is evidence that some red powder and a fluid were delivered from Germany by Maks Sado freight company, in order to kill the
3376900
One Rank, One Pension


and 85 Indian Military Academy; and officers from the 14 Army Education Course; and twenty five officers and their families came from Jaipur. The movement continues to gain momentum, and perceptible increase in support and participation by former high-ranking officers of the armed forces, from Lt generals, Admirals, air marshals, Group Captains, and Colonels. Old veterans included Sep Ram Kishan, 93 years, Armoured Corp veteran of World War II; Sep Ram Bharose Yadav, 85 years, a blind veteran of 72 Medium Artillery;
8649907
Chełmno trials


revealed the operation of mobile gas chambers, which used exhaust fumes as the killing agent, diverted into sheet metal-lined vans. The names of SS officials and commanders at the camp were established, including the "SS-Hauptsturmführer" Herbert Lange and the "SS-Hauptsturmführer" Hans Bothmann who had vanished. Judge Władysław Bednarz, assisted by the Deputy Recording Clerk, heard testimonies of key witnesses including Szymon (Simon) Srebrnik (age fifteen), who survived being shot in the head during the Germans' last execution
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Chełmno trials


tried in 1965 in Cologne and sentenced to 13½ months imprisonment. The first camp commandant, "SS Sturmbannführer" Herbert Lange, was killed in action on April 20, 1945 near Berlin. The second head of Chełmno, "Hauptsturmführer" Hans Bothmann who made substantial improvements to the killing method in the final phase of the camp operation, committed suicide in British custody in April 1946. The last person ever charged in connection with the crimes committed at Chełmno was Henryk Mania, a Polish "Volksdeutscher" associated with the prewar ethnic
2372429
Flight officer


. Flight officer was a United States Army Air Forces rank used during World War II, from 1942 to 1945; the rank being created on Sep 10, 1942 On 5 November 1942 military glider pilots were commissioned flight officers after the completion of their training. The new rank insignia was nicknamed "the blue pickle". The rank is equivalent to Warrant Officer Junior Grade (WOJG) which is today's Warrant Officer (NATO grade: W-1). Enlisted and aviation cadet trainees who successfully passed air qualification training were appointed as
18437829
Battle of Taierzhuang


Kaifeng on 11 January to produce a collective report on military discipline. Attending the conference were high ranking general officers from the 1st and 5th War Areas, including Han Fuju. After the conference, Han was arrested and detained in Wuhan. Under the direction of the director of military law, Tang Shengzhi, who had led the defense of Nanjing a year earlier, Han was sentenced to death and executed on the 24th, at the age of 49, making him the first Chinese high ranking general officer to have been executed in
2673314
Otto Wilhelm Lindholm


a Miss Bothmann in Bremen (1869-1873), and then to Natalie Nordman (1876-1914) in Saint Petersburg. In 1869 he brought Miss Bothmann to Tugur with him, even bringing up her piano and furniture. There they spent the winter together, while in the summer of 1870 she accompanied him on cruises for whales out in the bay. He had four daughters with his second wife, including Natalie (1878-1962), Helen (b. 1879), Ella (1880-1882), and
8528645
Han Cha Kyo


He trained under three martial art masters: Nam Tae Hi, Duk Sung Son, and Woon Kyu Um. From 1950 to 1959, Han served as a martial art instructor in the Korean military forces. Through the 1960s, his career continued with both military assignments and leadership of demonstration teams overseas. In 1965, Han was ranked 6th "dan". In 1971, Han emigrated to the United States of America and settled in Chicago. Together with his brother Han Min Kyo, himself a 9th "dan", he
2953144
Han Xianchu


Han Xianchu (; 1913–1986) was a general of the Chinese Communist Party. Han participated in many military campaigns and battles such as Battle of Pingxingguan, Liaoshen Campaign, Pingjin Campaign, Hainan Campaign, and the Korean War. In 1955 he was among the first group of military leaders to be awarded the Shang Jiang (Senior General) rank. Han was born in a farming village in Huang'an County (黄安), modern day Hong'an County (红安), Hubei Province in February, 1913 (Hong An is known for being
16511560
Southern Han


in Henan and Pengcheng in Jiangsu until their ancestor Liu Anren (劉安仁) migrated south to Fujian and Guangdong and the Southern Han Liu emperors claimed to be Han Chinese descended from the Han dynasty royal family who shared the same surname, Liu. Liu Zhiqian was of low class and rank and because of this the aristocratic Wei family said he was "not of our kind" (非我族类) but despite Liu's low rank, the military governor Wei Zhou married his niece to Liu Zhiqian over his family's objections. The Japanese
6261088
Army of the Han dynasty


was discontinued after 30 AD. Certain nobles were exempt from military conscription. Those of ranks four to eight did not have to perform service in their locality and those of rank 9 and higher had full exemptions. During the Eastern Han period, commoners were allowed to commute military service by paying a scutage tax. The Northern Army was a professional force of full time soldiers which had existed since 180 BC. It originally consisted of eight regiments and around 8,000 troops, but was later reorganized from 31 to 39 AD into a smaller
20776763
Government of the Han dynasty


During Emperor Zhao of Han's (r. 87–74 BC) reign, the minimum age was raised to twenty-three, but after his reign it was once again reduced to twenty. Although this system of conscription survived into Eastern Han, conscription could be avoided upon payment of a commutable tax. The government also exempted those who presented authorities with a slave, a horse, or grain. In the system of twenty ranks bestowed on commoners and nobles alike, those of the ninth rank and above were exempt from military service.
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Han Hong (general)


gone to the capital Chang'an to pay homage to the emperor, it was said that the imperial government did not treat him as a military governor that it could command easily. After Wang E (王鍔) the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi) also received honorary chancellor title in 814, Han felt disgraced to be sharing the same rank as Wang and wrote the chancellor Wu Yuanheng to complain. As a result, in 815, Emperor Xianzong conferred on Han the honorary title of acting
8327406
Han Yu


Han Yu back to the capital where he worked in the War Office. He was then appointed to a high-ranking position after he successfully completed a mission to persuade a rebellious military commander to return to the fold. Han Yu held a number of their distinguished government posts such as the rector of the Imperial university. At the age of fifty-six, Han Yu died in Chang'an on December 25, 824 and was buried on April 21, 825 in the ancestral cemetery at Heyang. Han Yu was an important Confucian
21254
Harris R. Oke


(Service) Battalion with the Royal Fusiliers, where he led a platoon in a counter-attack on river-craft that resulted in the surrender of two steamers and a gunboat, and saved the column a large number of casualties. For this service, he was awarded a Bar to the Military Cross. Oke relinquished his commission on completion of service with the Royal Scots Infantry on 11 December 1919, retaining the rank of lieutenant. Altogether, Oke was injured three times in combat (Aug 1917, Sep 1917, and
7078305
Hans Glad Bloch


Hans Glad Bloch (16 September 1791 – 31 December 1865) was a Norwegian military officer and government official. Born in Sør-Odal, he reached the rank of General in 1850. His career included a period as commander of the Norwegian Military Academy (1835–38) and commanding positions at the fortresses of Bergenhus and Fredriksten. He also worked as a surveyor while in the military, and in 1823 he released a road map of Norway. Later in life, he entered civil service, and served as Minister of the Army
8564864
Military history of China before 1911


privileges in addition to being acculturated to Manchu culture. Han defected to the Qing and swelled the ranks of the Eight Banners so much that ethnic Manchus became a minority, constituting only 16% in 1648, Han Bannermen 75%, and Mongol Bannermen making up the rest. In 1644, the invading army was multi-ethnic, with Han, Mongols, and Manchu banners. The political divide was between Han Chinese non bannermen and the "conquest elite", made up of Han Chinese bannermen, nobles, Mongols and Manchu
10504271
Han Fuju


Han Fuju or Han Fu-chü (; 1890 – 24 January 1938) was a Kuomintang general in the early 20th century. He rose up the ranks of the Guominjun clique in the Warlord era but then went over to the Kuomintang, and held the position of military governor of Shandong from 1930 to 1938. Han had one wife, two concubines, and four sons. Han Fuju was born in Dongshantai Village (), Ba County, Hebei Province. He had had little aptitude for schooling. Nonetheless, while quite young
21957197
Hans Peter L'orange (officer)


) and Colonel Johan Ingolf Koren L'orange (1873–1949), and through the former a grandfather of archaeologist and art historian Hans Peter L'Orange. He attended the Norwegian Military Academy until 1856 and from April to September 1857. He had reached the rank of premier lieutenant in 1857, and attended the Norwegian Military College before he was a brigade aide-de-camp in Bergen and from 1864 an apprentice in the General Staff. He was the leader of the Norwegian Military Academy from 1872 to 1885, and also lectured in topography and
8426891
Transition from Ming to Qing


corps made out of Han Chinese soldiers in 1641. The use of artillery by Han Bannermen may have led to them being known as "heavy" soldiers (ujen cooha). The "red coat cannon" were part of the Han army (Liaodong Han Chinese) serving the Qing. Ming officers who defected to the Qing were allowed to retain their previous military rank. The Qing received the defection of Shen Zhixiang in 1638. Among the other Han officers who defected to the Qing were Ma Guangyuan, Wu Rujie, Zu
5440505
Han Zhang


Han Zhang is a fictional Song dynasty knight-errant from the 19th-century Chinese novels "The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants" and "The Five Younger Gallants". Nicknamed "Earth Rat" (徹地鼠) for his expertise in land mines, he has a military background. Han Zhang, along with sworn brothers Lu Fang, Xu Qing, Jiang Ping and Bai Yutang are known as the "Five Rats". Han is ranked second in age, and probably is the second best fighter after Bai Yutang, because
12703176
Sep Lambert


though, against Scotland in 1920 and against the Irish Military and Scotland in 1921. In all matches for Ireland, Sep Lambert scored 342 runs at an average of 20.12, with a top score of 60 not out against Oxford University in May 1902, his only half-century for Ireland and also his top first-class score. He took ten catches and no stumpings. Sep Lambert came from a cricketing family. His brother Bob was one of Ireland's finest cricketers, and his nephew Ham also played cricket for Ireland
17780530
Saxon Mining Office


the commissionin of Simon Bogner as mining advocate ("Bergvoigt") and Hans Röhlings as the mining office manager ("Bergamtsverwalter") on St. Matthew's Day, 21 Sep 1545. This process of establishment concluded with the appointment of Hans Röhlings' son, Markus Röhlings, as the senior master miner ("Oberbergmeister") of the Albertine Electorate of Saxony in 1554. The earliest forerunners to the senior mining officials of the 17th century may be considered to be "Lorenz von Schönberg", who was appointed in 1577
10184324
Han dynasty


the central government. A marquess's Chancellor was ranked as the equivalent of a county Prefect. Like a king, the marquess collected a portion of the tax revenues in his fief as personal income. At the beginning of the Han dynasty, every male commoner aged twenty-three was liable for conscription into the military. The minimum age for the military draft was reduced to twenty after Emperor Zhao's (r. 87–74 BC) reign. Conscripted soldiers underwent one year of training and one year of service as non-professional soldiers
20866541
Union Shield – 2011


Union Shield – 2011 () is a joint Russian-Belarusian military exercise, which took place from Sep 16 until Sep 22, 2011. Russian Defence Minister Anatoliy Serdyukov officially announced that the joint military exercise "Union Shield" is to take place in September 2011 after the meeting with his counterparts - Mykhailo Yezhel (the Ukrainian Defence Minister) and Yuri Zhadobin (the Defence Minister of the Republic of Belarus), which was held in Minsk, April, 2011. The concept for the exercise was being developed jointly by the
13327863
Han Xianchu


commander in chief and party's second secretary of the CPC Central Military Commission members and is on the Standing Committee. In 1955, Han was awarded the rank of General, an independent Medal of Freedom, a Liberation Medal. He was elected to be on the first session of the CPPCC National Committee and the Fourth National People's Congress, he was on the first, second and third National Defense Commission. In 1958, on the eighth Session of the CPC, Han was the first to be elected to be the alternate
16511573
Government of the Han dynasty


was similar to that of the Nine Ministers. However, during Eastern Han his salary-rank was reduced from Fully 2,000-"dan" to Equivalent to 2,000-"dan". While his subordinates were on constant patrol, the Bearer of the Mace personally inspected the city three times each month. He was responsible for the military arsenal as well as disaster relief efforts during floods and fires. The Bearer of the Mace had a large staff of subordinates during Western Han, whose posts were abolished or transferred elsewhere during Eastern Han. This included the abolition
14347046
Xiao He


by Liu Bang as the chancellor of the Han kingdom. During that time, Xiao He met Han Xin, who had recently joined Liu Bang's army and was serving as a low-ranking soldier, and recognised Han Xin's brilliance in military strategy. Not long later, many of Liu Bang's men deserted as they were unable to cope with living in remote Bashu, and Han Xin also left as he was disappointed because he felt his talent would go to waste in Liu Bang's camp. When Xiao He learnt
204256
Wei Yan


Wei Yan () (died 234), courtesy name Wenchang, was a military general of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Originally a subordinate of the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty, Wei Yan rose through the ranks and became a general when Liu Bei seized control of Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing) in 214. His performance in battle helped him to become a prominent figure in the Shu military in a short period of time. He was
10517251
Kuehn family


half-brothers, Hans Joachim, and Eberhard. His daughter dated U.S. military personnel and opened a beauty parlor that offered the best and cheapest services in the city. Wives of high-ranking military personnel would spend hours gossiping about the comings and goings of their husbands and boyfriends. "They talked so much," she would later say, "that it was a relief when they left the place". Bernard Kuehn's son, Hans Joachim Kuehn was only 11 years old when he was trained by his father to
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Turks in the Tang military


as equal. That is why they look upon me as their parent." He had a paternalistic attitude towards his subjects and believed that it was his duty to treat the Chinese and foreign ethnic groups as equals under one ruler. Taizong's views grew into state policy as his government recruited Turkic and other non-Han Chinese soldiers into the Tang military. Turkic soldiers were later promoted to higher ranks as commanders and generals. The surname of Li, belonging to the royal family of Li Shimin, was awarded to Han and
15673994
Sep Ruf


largest journals library (after the British Library). Parts of the Library were destroyed in World War II. 1953-1966 the professors Hans Döllgast and Ruf had to plan and realized the reconstruction of the eastern wing, a new area behind historic walls, and the extension building of the Bavarian State Library, a glass-steel frame construction for the bibliotheca. They made an available surface of 17,000 m and a volume of 84,000 m. In 1967 a jury with Hans Scharoun gave the price of the BDA Bayern to the extension
20990494
Syed Ata Hasnain


. His unique and innovative approach defined as "Playing Friend Not God" has been widely appreciated as the new HR management mantra across domains in and outside the military. On 7 Sep 2013, Lt Gen Syed Ata Hasnain was awarded his first civilian honor by the Capital Foundation Society of Delhi. He received the award from the Vice President of India, Mohammad Hamid Ansari. The award was for Military leadership of an exceptional order. On 9 Sep 2013, the General Officer spoke at the Global Town Hall organized by the US
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Han Hong (general)


"Situ" (司徒, one of the Three Excellencies) to make Han's title greater than Wang's. (Chancellors were of the third rank, while the Three Excellencies were of the first rank.) By that point, imperial forces were locked in a campaign against Wu Shaoyang's son and successor Wu Yuanji, who had resisted the imperial government after failing to receive imperial sanction to succeed Wu Shaoyang after Wu Shaoyang's death in 814. Initially, Yan Shou (嚴綬) the military governor of Shannan East Circuit
8327407
Maximilian Herzberger


, viz. Ruth (born 1928), Ursula Bellugi (1931), and Hans (6 Aug 1932, spouse of Radhika Herzberger). No later than Sep 1930, he was assistant of Hans Boegehold, the chief of calculation office at Carl Zeiss Jena. In 1934, the Nazis deprived him from his professorship at Jena University and his contract with Zeiss. He emigrated with his family to Rochester (NY), where he became head of Eastman Kodak's optical research laboratories, arranged by Einstein. In 1940,
3849131
Wang Ping (Three Kingdoms)


Wang Ping (died 248), courtesy name Zijun, was a military general of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. Originally a military officer serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty, in 218 he defected to Cao Cao's rival Liu Bei, who later became the founding emperor of Shu, during the Hanzhong Campaign. During his service in Shu, he steadily rose through the ranks to become a senior general. The highest position he reached was Senior General Who Guards
1088911
Military history of the Northern and Southern dynasties


in their fighting ability. After Northern Wei shifted its capital to Luoyang, the lower class Xianbei were registered as "garrison households". These functioned similarly to the southern hereditary military households and were used for frontier garrison posts. They were excluded from the formal ranking system. After the collapse of Northern Wei, the Eastern Wei regime absorbed the greater portion of North Asian warriors and preferred to deploy them over the Han Chinese. The Western regime lacked the manpower to forego Han Chinese recruits and made significant use of them in their
9676390
Caracole


while ancient Iberian cavalry famously developed their own variation known as the 'Cantabrian circle'. It was noted in the 13th century to be used by the Mongols of Genghis Khan and also by the Han Chinese military much earlier. It was later adapted by European militaries in the mid-16th century in an attempt to integrate gunpowder weapons into cavalry tactics. Equipped with one or more wheellock pistols or similar firearms, cavalrymen would advance on their target at less than a gallop in formation as deep as 12 ranks. As each rank came into
969716
Han Cha Kyo


Han Cha Kyo (20 July 1934 – 1996) was a South Korean master of taekwondo, and one of the twelve original masters of taekwondo of the Korea Taekwon-Do Association. He held the rank of 9th "dan" in taekwondo. Following a career in the South Korean military, he emigrated to the United States of America in 1971. After teaching taekwondo for many years in Chicago, he died in 1996. Han was born on 20 July 1934 in Seoul, Korea, during the period of Japanese occupation.
2953143
Transition from Ming to Qing


. So many Han defected to the Qing and swelled up the ranks of the Eight Banners that ethnic Manchus became a minority within the Banners, making up only 16% in 1648, with Han Bannermen dominating at 75% and Mongol Bannermen making up the rest. It was this multi-ethnic force in which Manchus were only a minority, which unified China for the Qing. The Qing takeover was done by the multi-ethnic Han Banners, Mongol Banners, and Manchu Banners which made up the Qing military. In 1644
5440507
Han Tao


Han Tao is a fictional character in "Water Margin", one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Nicknamed "General of a Hundred Victories", he ranks 42nd among the 108 Stars of Destiny and 6th among the 72 Earthly Fiends. Han Tao is from Dongjing (東京; present-day Kaifeng, Henan), the imperial capital of the Song Empire. A highly skilled martial artist, he serves as a military officer and drill instructor in Chenzhou (陳州; present-day Huaiyang County, Henan
6113054
Transition from Ming to Qing


Dashou, Quan Jie, Geng Zhongming, Zu Zehong, Zu Zepu, Zu Zerun, Deng Changchun, Wang Shixian, Hong Chengchou, Shang Kexi, Liu Wuyuan, Zu Kefa, Zhang Cunren, Meng Qiaofang, Kong Youde, Sun Dingliao. Aristocratic and military ranks, silver, horses and official positions were given to Han Chinese defectors like Zhang Cunren, Sun Dingliao, Liu Wu, Liu Liangchen, Zu Zehong, Zu Zepu, Zu Kufa and Zu Zerun. Han Chinese defectors were primarily responsible for military strategy after 1631
5440506
Government of the Han dynasty


太守), also known as Grand Administrator, who was appointed by the central government and earned a 2,000-"dan" salary-rank. The Administrator was the civil and military leader of the commandery. He was not allowed to govern over his native commandery. An Administrator was assisted by one or several Commandants ("Duwei" 都尉) also known as Chief Commandant, who handled all local military affairs such as raising militias, suppressing bandit groups, and building beacon towers. The Commandants' salary-rank was Equivalent to 2,000-"dan"
14347065
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
Ran Min


and most non-Hans fled Yecheng after that. Shi Min put Shi Jian under house arrest with no outside communication. As the non-Han continued fleeing Yecheng, Shi Min realized that he would not be able to use the Hu (胡 Barbarians from the steppes), so he issued an order to the Hans according to which each civil servant who killed one Hu (胡) and brought his head to him would be promoted in rank by three degrees, and a military officer would be transferred to the service at
10976163
Li Shouxin


Li was born into a family of minor landlords of Han Chinese descent who assimilated into the Mongol people. His Han Chinese ancestor was part of a group of Han Chinese during the Qing dynasty called "Mongol followers" who worked as servant for Mongols and married Mongol women. Their descendants continued to marry Mongol women and changed their ethnicity to Mongol. They distinguished themselves apart from "true Mongols" 真蒙古. In 1919, he enlisted in the military forces of the Zhili clique in Jehol province, rising steadily through the ranks until he
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Han dynasty


8 BC, his chief duty became oversight of public works projects. The Grand Commandant, whose title was changed to Grand Marshal in 119 BC before reverting to Grand Commandant in 51 AD, was the irregularly posted commander of the military and then regent during the Western Han period. In the Eastern Han era he was chiefly a civil official who shared many of the same censorial powers as the other two Councillors of State. Ranked below the Three Councillors of State were the Nine Ministers ("Jiu qing" 九卿), who
20866532
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
557049
Abraham Halpern


in Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve from Sep. 24, 1942 to Nov. 30, 1945 in European, North Atlantic, and Pacific theatres. Rank on discharge: Petty Officer. Served in Royal Canadian Navy, 1953-1957, as follows: Medical Officer, R.C.N. Hospital, Esquimalt, BC, July to Nov., 1953. Medical Officer, H.M.C.S. "Cayuga", Nov., 1953 to Feb., 1955 - Far East (Korea). Medical Officer, R.C.N. Hospital, Cornwallis, NS, Apr., 1955 to Sep.,
12498700
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang


border armies, believing Li Linfu's assertion that non-Han generals were more likely to be personally loyal to Emperor Xuanzong himself and would not have clan entanglements, even though Li Linfu's own personal motivation was to prevent Han officials from going through the border command route to become chancellors, thus threatening him. Such generals who rose in ranks included An Lushan, An Sishun, Geshu Han, and Gao Xianzhi. By 742, the main Tang forces were all concentrated on the border, at nine different military circuits and one
3540342
Duk Sung Son


would take them to open independently new schools under their own names within the Korean martial arts atmosphere. Choi Hong Hi, high-ranking officer of the South Korean army, was ordered to start a military school in 1954. He recruited a group 50 military, some of whom were high ranking students from the Chung Do Kwan School (Hyun Jong Myun, Nam Tae Hi, Han Cha Kyo, Woo Jong Rim, Ko Jae Chun, Kim Suk Kyu, and Kwak Kuen Suk - all professional soldiers). This school
6764241
Clan Buchanan


(21 Sep 1745), John Hay, quarter-master of Prince Charles’ Jacobite Army, arrived at Glasgow 25 Sep 1745 with a letter demanding a loan of £15,000. Buchanan and five others were chosen to negotiate with Hay, and succeeded in obtaining a reduction to £5,500. On account of Buchanan's zeal in raising new levies on behalf of the government, the Jacobites demanded in December 1745 a special levy of £500 from him. Despite threats of military execution, he replied "they might plunder his
6563975
Han Xianchu


at the Northeast Democratic coalition, third column commander of twelve and forty-second of the Fourth Field Army Corps; Deputy commander of the Thirteenth Corps; Deputy commander in chief of the Chinese People's Volunteers Troops, Nineteenth Corps's Commander, Chief of Staff of People's Liberation Army Southeast Military Region, Fuzhou; Deputy Chief of Staff and chief military commander of People's Liberation Army Central Military Region, Lanzhou; he also served as Standing Committee of the CPC Central Military Commission. In 1955, he was awarded the rank
16511577
Hans Senn


Hans Senn (1918–2007) was a general officer of the Swiss Army. Senn was born in Zofingen and, as a young officer, studied at the Ecole Supérieure de Guerre in Paris. As Army head of operations he unsuccessfully advocated a policy of nuclear armament as a deterrent against the Warsaw Pact in the 1960s. Switzerland eventually ratified the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. As Chief of the General Staff, holding the rank of Korpskommandant (NATO: OF-8), Senn was Switzerland's most senior military officer from 1977 to 1980
15218596
Hans-Albrecht Lehmann


Hans-Albrecht Lehmann (1894–1976) was a German general during the Second World War. In February 1894, Lehmann was born in Metz in Lorraine. Lehmann fought bravely during the First World War. He was involved in many military operations during the war. After the war, he continued his career in the army, gradually climbing the ranks. Lehmann was appointed commander of the "Nachrichtentruppe I", in Königsberg, on 1 April 1938. Lehmann was an Oberstleutnant on the eve of the Second World War. As an
6202910
History of Germany


military ranks for young aristocrats was adopted and the new constitution put all military affairs under the direct control of the Emperor and beyond control of the Reichstag. With its large corps of reserve officers across Germany, the military strengthened its role as ""The estate which upheld the nation"", and historian Hans-Ulrich Wehler added: ""it became an almost separate, self-perpetuating caste."" Power increasingly was centralized among the 7000 aristocrats, who resided in the national capital of Berlin and neighboring Potsdam.
12884676
September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
5363349
Special Operations Volunteer Force


, although a military one, was controlled by the Special Branch. It was formed from surrendered communist insurgents. The goal was to put the guerrilla's experience to work for the British. SEP/CEP volunteers to the SOVF committed to serving for 18 months. They were paid at the same rate as the junior police officers and were based in the same police compounds from which other government forces operated. SEP/CEP volunteers were formed into platoons and placed under the command of a British police officer. At the start of
17929996
Government of the Han dynasty


maids, who took care of domestic needs. The concubines of the harem were subordinates of the empress and were ranked below her in fourteen grades by the reign of Emperor Yuan of Han (r. 49–33). However, the founder of Eastern Han abolished the fourteen salary-ranks in favor of three ranks with no definite salary; instead, the concubines were irregularly granted gifts. The chief concubine of Western Han, the Brilliant Companion, shared the same salary-rank as the Chancellor, while the concubine ranked just below her
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Tusi


tusi. The civilian-rank Tusi were given the titles of Tu Zhifu("native prefecture"), Tu Zhizhou("native department") and Tu Zhixian("native county") according to the size and population of their domains. Nominally, they have the same rank as their counterparts in the regular administration system The central government gave more autonomy to those military-rank Tusi because these Tusi were controlling areas with fewer Han-Chinese immigrants and more underdeveloped infrastructure. They pledged loyalty to the Ming emperor but had almost unfettered power within their domains. All
19408140
Pan Mei


Pan Mei (潘美) ( 925 – 20 July 991) was a military general and statesman in the early years of imperial China's Song Dynasty. In the 970s, he was the main commander in Song's conquest of Southern Han and also played pivotal roles in the conquest of Southern Tang and Northern Han. Afterwards he fought the Khitan-ruled Liao Dynasty on Song's northern border. In 986 he was demoted by 3 ranks for contributing to the death of fellow Song general Yang Ye during battles against Liao. At
18489574
Hans Ludwig Striem


he was transferred to the Haganah headquarters in Tel Aviv. Striem remained in the military during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, being among the pioneer officers establishing the Israeli military field intelligence at the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF). Striem was deeply involved in securing Israeli water rights (The War-over-water), the Sinai War and the Six Day War. He rose through the ranks as a department-head lieutenant colonel. Following his military career, Striem served as a scientist (1968–1985) at the Israel
8709382
811th Cadet Squadron New Mexico Civil Air Patrol


The 811th Cadet Squadron is one of the few remaining School Enrichment Program (SEP) Cadet Squadrons in Civil Air Patrol. It acts as a regular squadron, yet has a partnership with an in school elective class that is offered to students at the middle school, who do not need to be members to participate. New Mexico SEP programs are funded from the New Mexico Department of Military Affairs to pay in class instructors to teach the elective leadership/aerospace courses across the state. The 811th is also the lead squadron in the
4690759
Matsudaira Norikata


han", after the location of the castle. Along with the Goryōkaku in Hakodate, Hokkaido, it is one of only two star forts in Japan. Matsudaira disagreed with Matsudaira Yoshinaga with regards to the question of ending the "sakoku" national isolation policy and was expelled from the ranks of the "wakadoshiyori", but was recalled for his military expertise the following year, and reinstated. He further rose to the ranks of the "rōju" in June 1866, which enabled him to participate in negotiations between the Tokugawa
1072585
Five Barbarians


two warlords of the end of the Han dynasty, also exploited Wuhuan and Xianbei respectively in their own quests for predominance. Ironically Gongsun Zan was the commander tasked with suppressing the rebellion of Zhang Chun and Zhang Ju. The difficult relationship between the Han court and various nomadic groups lasted from the start of the second century to the early 160s and the appearance of Tanshihuai (檀石槐 b. 120s - d. 181), an illegitimate son of a low ranking military officer of Xianbei mercenaries deployed against the Southern Xiongnu. Despite his low social
10213960
Song Qian (Eastern Wu)


Song Qian ( 190s–220s) was a military officer serving under the warlords Sun Ce and Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. Information about Song Qian's life is sparse and scattered throughout the various biographies of notable persons in the "Records of the Three Kingdoms", the authoritative source for the history of the late Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period. For example, his origins (e.g. birthplace, ancestral home), courtesy name, ranks and appointments held, etc.,
12882250
Government of the Han dynasty


180 BC. After 180 BC, the Left Chancellor's post was merely titular and its incumbent had no real authority. The Western Han Chancellor oversaw state finances, logistics for military campaigns, registers for land and population, maps of the empire's territories, annual provincial reports, high-profile lawsuits, and drafted the government budget. The Chancellor could directly appoint officials who were ranked 600-"dan" or below, while he was also able to recommend nominees to the emperor for recruitment to the senior roles in central government. The
14347003
Hans-Georg von Seidel


Hans-Georg von Seidel (11 November 1891 – 10 November 1955) was a German military leader who served in the German Army during World War I and in the "Luftwaffe" (German Air Force) during World War II. Seidel was promoted to the rank of "General der Flieger" (General of the Air). Seidel served for most of World War II as the head of German Air Force organization, armament, maintenance, and supply. He was a practical realist who distanced himself from his idealist boss
16215060
Deng Zhi


Deng Zhi (died 251), courtesy name Bomiao, was a government official, diplomat and military general of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China. A descendant of Deng Yu, Deng Zhi started his career in the late Eastern Han dynasty under the warlord Liu Bei as a low-level officer in Pi County. After Liu Bei discovered his talent, Deng Zhi steadily rose through the ranks to become a county prefect and later a commandery administrator and imperial secretary. In 223, the Shu regent
17926088
Hans J. Røsjorde


marine biology. He then worked as a lector from 1970 through 1987. From 1970 to 1972 at Breidablikk School in Sandefjord, Vestfold, and from 1972 to 1987 at Stord Upper Secondary School in Hordaland where he also was school counselor. Hans J. Røsjorde has a military education (befalskole) and was in the service during the period 1962–1990. In 1982 he attained to the rank of captain. He has been a member of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly (1989–2001) and in conjunction with this has held miscellaneous NATO positions. Between
20189726
Lars Ingier


Lars Ingier (15 February 1760 – 22 June 1828) was a Norwegian military officer, road manager, land owner and mill owner. Ingier was born in Ullensaker as the son of military officer Hans Christophersøn Ingier and Anne Schulstad. The Ingier family hailed from the ancient Ullensaker farm Ingier, known from the Middle Ages as "Ingigjærdi". In 1792 he married Gjertrud Maren Juel. He died at Stubljan in Aker in 1828. Ingier graduated from the Norwegian Military Academy, with the rank of Premier Lieutenant. He then abandoned
11580023
Han Zhiqing


the Neichangshan Fortress Command in Jinan Military Region from August 2006 to March 2008. He served as Chief of Staff of 26th Army in April 2008, and held that office until December 2010, when he was promoted to Deputy Army Commander. In July 2009, by executive Order of the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, he was awarded the military rank of Major general. In March 2013, he was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff of the East Sea Fleet, and served until March 2014. Then he rose to become head
17480853
Richard Mattern Montgomery


at West Point, graduating with a lieutenant's commission in 1933. One year later he completed pilot training at Kelly Field, Texas. This was the beginning of an active flying career in which Montgomery logged more than 10,000 hours in more than 80 types of aircraft, including the KC-135 jet tanker (military counterpart of the Boeing 707), B-47 and B-52 intercontinental jet bombers. Sep 1962-Sep 1966 Montgomery was assigned as vice commander in chief, U.S. Air Forces in Europe, at Wiesbaden AB, Germany, September 1, 1962
10835418
Hans Caspar von Krockow


to attending the University of Halle. He did not complete his studies and opted to enter the military as a volunteer in Cuirassier Regiment No. 6. He quickly became an officer, and by 1738 had risen to the rank of Major. In 1741 he was in the camp at Genthin and later at Gröningen. On 18 November 1741 he rose to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. As the campaign of 1743, part of the War of the Austrian Succession, progressed, he briefly joined the Austrian army as a volunteer to
10101187
Johannes Marquart


1941, Marquart assisted Hans Pietsch, who was director of the mathematical cryptography department at In 7/VI, on hand ciphers, while working as a civilian. In 1942, he was drafted to In 7/VI with the rank of Sonderführer, equivalent to the military rank of Major, and was put in charge of a series of courses in elementary cryptanalysis, which work he continued until 1944. He was then promoted to Government technical expert () and was given command over Referat Ia for special research. Marquart's
5364046
Han–Xiongnu War


close combat, he believed that the Xiongnu, lacking the ability as infantry, would be decimated by Han soldiers. During Emperor Jing's reign, the Han court initiated breeding programs for military horses and established 36 large government pastures in the border regions, extending from Liaodong to Beidi. In preparation for the military use of the horses, the best breeds were selected to partake military training. The Xiongnu frequently raided the Han government pastures, because the military horses were of great strategic importance for the Han military against them. By
22075644
Invalids' Cemetery


War I, such as Max Hoffmann, Helmuth von Moltke and Ludwig von Falkenhausen, were buried in the cemetery, along with several high-ranking members of the Freikorps. The body of Manfred von Richthofen (the 'Red Baron') was transferred to the cemetery in 1925 from his original grave in France. During the Weimar Republic, high-ranking military personnel such as Hans von Seeckt continued to be buried in the cemetery, but approximately half the graves were gardened over in this period. During the Nazi regime,
12134377
Geshu Han


that he commanded, an officer of the same rank was his deputy, but, because they were of the same rank, refused to follow Geshu's orders. Geshu had him executed by hammering, and this shocked the other officers into submission. He later distinguished himself in defending against multiple Tufan attacks. In 747, Geshu was promoted to be a general, as well as deputy military governor of Longyou Circuit (隴右, headquartered in modern Haidong Prefecture, Qinghai), which Wang Zhongsi governed at the time as well.
1244188
The Beeps


Sapphire Stream S2/Ep45 Apr. 29 Wash Those Socks! S2/Ep46 Dec. 12 The Bumps SEASON 3: S3/Ep1 Aug. 30 Up Down Hill S3/Ep2 Aug. 31 Caravan S3/Ep3 Sep. 6 Secret Garden S3/Ep4 Sep. 7 Bounceflower Tea S3/Ep5 Sep. 13 The Whale S3/Ep6 Sep. 14 Soggy Sockroaches S3/Ep7 Sep. 20 Stinkroots S3/Ep8 Sep. 21 Sing-a-long-a-beeps S3/Ep9 Sep. 27 History Book S3/Ep10 Sep. 28 What Goes Splat? S3
14688027
Wolfgang von Gronau


Hans Wolfgang von Gronau (25 February 1893 - 17 March 1977) was a German aviation pioneer. Wolfgang von Gronau was born in Berlin in a family hailing from the ancient dynasty of the House of Berg. He was the son of artillery General Hans von Gronau (1850–1940) and Luise Gerischer (1867–1926). Right before World War I he joined the Imperial German Navy where he was put in charge of a flying boat squadron. After the disbandment of the imperial military in 1919 von Gronau had reached the rank of "
6881376
First Chinese domination of Vietnam


last three commonly used in modern Vietnamese history books: All nine districts were administered from Long Biên, near modern Hanoi; each ruled by a Chinese mandarin while the old system of lower rank rulers of Lac Hau, Lac Tuong were kept unchanged. During the next several hundred years of Chinese colonization and domination, sinification of the newly conquered Nanyue was brought about by a combination of Han imperial military power, regular settlement and an influx of Han Chinese refugees, officers and garrisons, merchants, scholars, bureaucrats, fugitives, and
8728453
Signal Transfer Point


. SEPs send signaling messages to other SEPs, but the messages are normally routed via the SEP's adjacent STPs. An STP's main function is to identify the best path for two SEPs to communicate. A typical application would be for two SEPs to agree on the use of a shared data path (e.g., using ISUP to initiate a voice call between a user on one SEP and a user on the second SEP). In this way, STPs route signaling messages (for starting, maintaining or finishing any kind of
21819468
Signal Transfer Point


calls originated by the SEPs' attached users) while avoiding disabled intermediary STPs. A signaling message typically never goes directly from a given SEP to the destination SEP: the message would normally have to pass through the initiating SEP's adjacent STP so that it can be routed to the destination SEP. In some applications, however, SEPs might be directly connected with signaling links; this would typically be done to enhance robustness or performance between two critical SEPs. Such mesh network configurations are also common in Europe, where STPs have not
21819469
Theodor von Dufving


"). In 1944, he completed Senior Staff Officers' training at the Prussian Military Academy, and was then assigned as chief of staff of the 76th Panzer Artillery Regiment, with the rank of Colonel. During the Battle for Berlin, Dufving was again the military Chief-of-Staff to General Helmuth Weidling. On 1 May 1945, after Hitler's suicide on 30 April, the new German Chancellor Joseph Goebbels sent General Hans Krebs and Dufving, under a white flag, to deliver a letter he had written to
17269615
Ming dynasty


equivalent to civil service ranks, only theirs had four grades instead of nine. Descendants of the first Ming emperor were made princes and given (typically nominal) military commands, annual stipends, and large estates. The title used was "king" (, "wáng") but – unlike the princes in the Han and Jin dynasties – these estates were not feudatories, the princes did not serve any administrative function, and they partook in military affairs only during the reigns of the first two emperors. The rebellion of the
20865974
Qin (state)


levies. After Shang Yang's reforms, the aristocracy system was abolished and replaced by one based on meritocracy, in which ordinary citizens had equal opportunities as the nobles to be promoted to high ranks. In addition, military discipline was strongly enforced and the troops were trained to adapt better to different battle situations. Qin's military strength increased largely with the full support of the state. In 318 , the states of Wei, Zhao, Han, Yan and Chu formed an alliance and attacked Qin, but did not manage to
4609721
Yan Liang


Yan Liang () (died 200) was a military general serving under the warlord Yuan Shao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was slain by Guan Yu at the Battle of Boma. Little is known about Yan's life. The only historical records about him could be found in the "Records of the Three Kingdoms", in the biographies of Yuan Shao, Guan Yu and Cao Cao. It was implied that Yan Liang was one of the higher-ranking military officers under Yuan Shao. In 200
9340210
Government of the Han dynasty


of the Household (ranked 2,000-"dan"). During Eastern Han, the Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent lost his administrative role but remained the chief educator and was promoted in rank to Fully 2,000-"dan"; the Junior Tutor remained an administrator with a salary-rank of 2,000-"dan". The post of Supervisor of the Household was abolished. Other Western Han staff offices of the heir apparent were abolished during Eastern Han, such as the Chief of the Kitchen and the Household Prison of the Heir Apparent. If he reached adulthood,
14347041
Han Hong (general)


in the year, he was made the military governor of Hezhong Circuit (河中, headquartered in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi) as well as its capital Hezhong Municipality. At that time, Han Hong's brother Han Chong (韓充) served as the military governor of Yicheng, and Han Gongwu served as the military governor of Fufang Circuit (鄜坊, headquartered in modern Yan'an, Shaanxi), and it was said that no household was more honored than Han's. In 822, Han requested retirement based on old age, and
8327414
Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty


. To distinguish the noble titles from the offices, they were sometimes called "hereditary office" () or "hereditary rank" (). With a few exceptions, the above titles were, in principle, created for only military merits. There were also titles for civil officials. While there were a few Manchu civil titles, the most important civil titles followed the Han Chinese Confucian tradition, derived from high bureaucratic offices or imperial household offices that evolved into honorary sinecures. These were sometimes granted as special privileges, but
14798778
Tusi


quite long time after the foundation of Ming, the rulers knew that the central government could only use limited amount of resources. Having a large number of armies stationed in southern borderland, an area with harsh natural environment and large number of Non-Han people, was too costly for Ming rulers. Thus, they decided to transfer part of ruling power to those local political rulers in exchange for their defense of the border zone. There are two kinds of Tusi in Ming China: civilian-rank tusi and military-rank
19408139
Han Jian (Weibo warlord)


was killed. It is not known when Han Jian was born. His father Han Yunzhong (who was then named Han Junxiong) was a long-time officer at Weibo Circuit, and seized control of the circuit when the soldiers mutinied in 870 against then-military governor ("Jiedushi") He Quanhao and killed He Quanhao due to He Quanhao's harsh discipline. Han Jian became deputy military governor after his father became military governor. After Han Yunzhong died in 874, the Weibo soldiers supported Han Jian to succeed him
10041725
Military training leader


the name has changed but the responsibilities has increased. Student Training Advisor (STA) 1973-1992 Military Training Manager (MTM) 1992-1998 Military Training Leader (MTL) 1998–Present CONUS locations with Military Training Leaders: (as of Sep 09): Most people are unaware of how many locations in the CONUS there are Military Training Leaders assigned. There are over 37 locations. The bases under the bold indicate the Detachment or Geographically Separated Unit (GSU). Headquarters Second Air Force, Keesler AFB Lackland AFB Keesler AFB
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