Pittosporum paniense [SEP] taxon rank
Taxonomic rank


not to say that a taxon at any other rank may not be sharply defined, or that any species is guaranteed to be sharply defined. It varies from case to case. Ideally, a taxon is intended to represent a clade, that is, the phylogeny of the organisms under discussion, but this is not a requirement. A classification in which all taxa have formal ranks cannot adequately reflect knowledge about phylogeny. Since taxon names are dependent on ranks in traditional Linnaean systems of classification, taxa without ranks cannot be
17667712
Form (botany)


In botanical nomenclature, a form ("forma", plural "formae") is one of the "secondary" taxonomic ranks, below that of variety, which in turn is below that of species; it is an infraspecific taxon. If more than three ranks are listed in describing a taxon, the "classification" is being specified, but only three parts make up the "name" of the taxon: a genus name, a specific epithet, and an infraspecific epithet. The abbreviation "f." or the
7125380
Infraspecific name


In botany, an infraspecific name is the scientific name for any taxon below the rank of species, i.e. an infraspecific taxon. (A "taxon", plural "taxa", is a group of organisms to be given a particular name.) The scientific names of botanical taxa are regulated by the "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants" (ICN). This specifies a 'three part name' for infraspecific taxa, plus a 'connecting term' to indicate the rank of the name
20320028
Pittosporum tenuifolium


flowers, switching to the leaves once they reach adulthood. An arrival from Australia, pittosporum shield bug – "Monteithiella humeralis" – as well as the endemic pittosporum psyllid – "Trioza vitreoradiata" – feed only on "Pittosporum" species, by attaching themselves to a suitable part of the plant and feeding on its sap. The psyllid leaves a trail of characteristic “beads” behind. Cottony cushion scale – "Icerya purchase" – , an Australian bug, soft wax scale – "Ceroplastes destructor" –, an import
2044525
Pittosporum obcordatum


Pittosporum obcordatum, commonly called heart-leaved kohuhu or heart-leaved kohukohu or kohukohu, is a species of plant in the Pittosporaceae family. It is endemic to New Zealand, and exists both in North Island and South Island. "Pittosporum obcordatum" was discovered by Étienne Raoul in 1840 in Akaroa, but could then not be found again on Banks Peninsula for 170 years. It was rediscovered by Melissa Hutchison in 2012 in Okains Bay, and confirmed by local botanist Hugh Wilson. "Pittosporum" means "pitch seed"
22146304
Pittosporum phillyreoides


Pittosporum phillyreoides, with the common names weeping pittosporum and willow pittosporum, is a shrub or small columnar tree in the Apiales order, endemic to Australia. This species is subject to some taxonomic confusion. It was originally published by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1824, as a species native to a narrow coastal strip of northern Western Australia, the epithet "phillyreoides" referring to a similarity with "Phillyrea". Two more Western Australian species — "P. angustifolium" and "P. ligustrifolium"— were published over the next 15
16705902
Pittosporum tobira


Pittosporum tobira is a species of flowering plant in the pittosporum family Pittosporaceae known by several common names, including Australian laurel, Japanese pittosporum, mock orange and Japanese cheesewood. It is native to Japan, China, and Korea, but it is used throughout the world as an ornamental plant in landscaping and as cut foliage. It is an evergreen shrub which can reach tall by broad, and can become treelike. It can also be trimmed into a hedge. The leaves are oval in shape with edges that curl under and measure
7848615
Taxon


In biology, a taxon (plural taxa; back-formation from "taxonomy") is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is not uncommon, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given
20416048
Pittosporum phillyreoides


years, and George Bentham later lumped together all three as a single species under the misspelled name "P. phillyraeoides". These three were re-split in a 2000 classification revision. but in the 2001 ARS Systematic Botanists revision, "Pittosporum phillyreoides" was recombined and became a synonym for "Pittosporum angustifolium". Neither circumscription has yet won universal acceptance. The 'original true' "Pittosporum phillyreoides" named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle was only native to a narrow coastal strip of northern Western Australia. When considered as the
16705903
Pittosporum undulatum


Pittosporum undulatum is a tree growing to 15 m tall with wavy (undulating) leaf edges. It carries conspicuous orange woody fruits about 1 cm in diameter for several months after flowering in spring or early summer. It is sometimes also known as sweet pittosporum, native daphne, Australian cheesewood, Victorian box or mock orange. Pittosporum is a fast growing tree, and has become invasive in parts of Australia where it is not indigenous. It is also highly invasive in South Africa, the Caribbean, Hawaii, the Azores and southern
891735
Pittosporum angustifolium


Pittosporum angustifolium (formerly "Pittosporum phillyreoides") is a shrub or small tree growing throughout inland Australia. A slow growing plant, usually seen between two and six metres high, though exceptional specimens may exceed ten metres. Common names include weeping pittosporum, butterbush, cattle bush, native apricot, apricot tree, gumbi gumbi, cumby cumby, meemeei, poison berry bush, and berrigan. It is drought and frost resistant. It can survive in areas with rainfall as low as 150 mm per year. A resilient desert species
16705897
Name-bearing type


group" ranks consist of just the species and subspecies. (Note: a "species group" defined as a taxon, rather than as a category of ranks, has an unofficial rank, one of several such ranks between the subgenus and species levels sometimes used by zoologists in taxa with many species; see Taxonomic rank.) The name-bearing type of a species-group taxon (hereafter "species" for brevity) is an actual specimen or set of specimens; the "Code" recommends that great care should
5809726
Botanical nomenclature


taxon (see correct name) and if a new name may (or must) be coined. Plant taxonomy is an empirical science, a science that determines what constitutes a particular taxon (taxonomic grouping, plural: taxa): e.g. "What plants belong to this species?" and "What species belong to this genus?". The definition of the limits of a taxon is called its 'circumscription'. For a particular taxon, if two taxonomists agree exactly on its circumscription, rank and position (i.e. the
15041079
Synonym (taxonomy)


of Zoological Nomenclature", synonyms are different scientific names of the same taxonomic rank that pertain to that same taxon. For example, a particular species could, over time, have had two or more species-rank names published for it, while the same is applicable at higher ranks such as genera, families, orders, etc. In each case, the earliest published name is called the senior synonym, while the later name is the junior synonym. In the case where two names for the same taxon have been published
3098371
Pittosporum tenuifolium


butterflies, thrips, mites and beetles. There are also more than a dozen beetles that feed on the dead plant material. Below are some species of interest, organised by feeding habits: Pittosporum flower weevil – "Aneuma rubricale" –, a native insect, lays its eggs on the flower of kōhūhū; interestingly, only kōhūhū is chosen for this, even if the weevil feeds on other types of "Pittosporum". As soon as the weevil’s larvae hatch, they start feeding on the stamens and ovaries of the
2044524
Pittosporum bicolor


consumed by browsing mammals. "Pittosporum undulatum spp. emmetti" is a hybrid species of "P. bicolor" and the introduced "Pittosporum undulatum", the hybrid's physical appearance appears to be an intermediate between that of the two parent species. "P. bicolor" is a relatively inconspicuous plant, and is therefore not widely cultivated. However, its attractive and heavily perfumed flowers offer some appeal to gardeners. It prefers a well draining soil, and will appreciate a sunny position, but will also thrive in a sheltered or
4414150
Pittosporum


Pittosporum ( or ) is a genus of about 200 species of flowering plants in the family Pittosporaceae. The genus is probably Gondwanan in origin; its present range extends from Australasia, Oceania, eastern Asia and some parts of Africa. "Citriobatus" can be included here, but might be a distinct (though closely related) genus. They are commonly known as pittosporums or, more ambiguously, "cheesewoods". The species are trees and shrubs growing to 2–30 m tall. The leaves are spirally arranged or whorled, simple
13808189
Pittosporum angustifolium


, individuals may live for over a hundred years. A revision of the genus "Pittosporum" in 2000 re-instated this species. "Pittosporum angustifolium" was first described in 1832 in the Loddiges' "The Botanical Cabinet". George Bentham combined this species and "P. ligustrifolium" with "P. phillyreoides", however all three were split in the 2000 revision; the true "P. phillyreoides" is only found in a narrow coastal strip of northwestern Australia. The weeping foliage of "P. angustifolium" distinguishes it from
16705898
Pittosporum tenuifolium


Pittosporum tenuifolium is a small evergreen tree – up to – commonly known as kōhūhū and black matipo, and by other Māori names "kohukohu" and "tawhiwhi". Its small, very dark, reddish-purple flowers generally go unnoticed, and are scented only at night. The Latin "tenuifolium" means "slender-leaved" The scientific name of kōhūhū is a good starting point to find out more about the physical characteristics of the species. "Pittosporum" translates to tarry – "pittos" – seed – "
2044515
Pittosporum eugenioides


fruit of the lemonwood takes between 12 and 14 months to ripen. There is unripe fruit and ripe fruit present on the lemonwood at the same time, this is the current season’s fruit and last season’s fruit. Lemonwood is pollinated by both insects and birds, the seeds are bird dispersed. The seeds of the lemonwood germinate quickly and will become seedlings within a month. This particular species does not naturally occur on a global scale. "Pittosporum euegnioides" is endemic to New Zealand, however the genus, "Pittosporum
4243773
Pittosporum crassifolium


Pittosporum crassifolium, commonly called ', is a small tree or shrub native to New Zealand. Karo's original distribution was generally the top half of the North Island, although now it has naturalised throughout New Zealand and overseas in Norfolk Island and Hawaii. "P. crassifolium" occurs in lowland and coastal forests. Mature trees grow to about in height. Other common names include stiffleaf cheesewood, and in Māori, and ""'. "Pittosporum crassifolium" is considered to be "weeds in cultivation" in California. They
4369151
Pittosporum bicolor


Pittosporum bicolor, commonly known as cheesewood or banyalla, is a flowering shrub or small tree of the "Pittosporaceae" family, and is native to south eastern Australia. It is common and widespread, growing as an understorey plant in temperate wet sclerophyll forests of south eastern New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. "Pittosporum bicolor" was first described by William Jackson Hooker in 1834, in his paper "Contributions Towards a Flora of Van Deimen's Land", which was published in the "Journal of Botany 1""
4414144
Pittosporum erioloma


Pittosporum erioloma is a shrub or small tree that is endemic to Lord Howe Island. It is known as the Lord Howe Island pittosporum or hedge laurel. However, it is not a member of the laurel family. It occurs in habitats above 300 metres above sea level, to the summits of Mount Gower and Mount Lidgbird. It prefers more sunny areas at the edges of the rainforest. This plant grows up to 8 metres in height and has leaves that are 3.5 to 5 cm long, and 0.7 to 1.5 cm broad
12543581
Pittosporum mackeei


are bivalve capsules, which are smooth or weakly warty. "Pittosporum mackeei" is an endangered species due to habitat loss. "Pittosporum mackeei" is an uncommon small tree, which occurs exclusively in the Ponérihouen area of New Caledonia at an altitude of 100 to 500 metres above sea level. Its area of occupancy is equal to 20 km² and its extent of occurrence to 428 km². It occurs in just five subpopulations each of which is threatened by Rusa Deer ("Rusa timorensis"). This deer is an invasive
3006646
Pittosporum eugenioides


banks from sea level to . It is New Zealand's largest "Pittosporum". The binomial qualifier "eugenioides" means "resembling "Eugenia"", a different genus of plants. The variegated cultivar 'Variegatum' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Pittosporum eugenioides starts out as a small compact tree, as it matures it becomes a tall branched tree. The lemonwood flowers between October and December. The following year after flowering the capsules will open. The capsules open the next year because the
4243772
Pittosporum eugenioides


clearings and along forest margins up to 600m above sea level. "Pittosporum euegnioides" can be found in a cooler, mature, lowland and subalpine forest climate zone throughout New Zealand. The species can be found in regenerating areas of forest, both young and old. It has proved to be a great plant for establishing a quick canopy. This species, along with other "Pittosporum" are making their way in to the average house hold garden’s. Nurseries and Garden Centre’s are stocking this native because it is
4243775
Pittosporum eugenioides


The holes the weevils eat in the leaves are visible because the leaf reacts causing a dark brownie purple ring to form around the hole. Pittosporum eugenioides is only a host to the adult weevil as the larvae are hosted on different pittosporums. Common garden pests can cover this plant, such as Aphids and blister scale (Psyilids). Both can easily be controlled and treated with an insecticide. The best time to spray as a preventative is February, then again in October. The sweet scent of the flowers suggest nectar loving birds
4243778
One Rank, One Pension


and 85 Indian Military Academy; and officers from the 14 Army Education Course; and twenty five officers and their families came from Jaipur. The movement continues to gain momentum, and perceptible increase in support and participation by former high-ranking officers of the armed forces, from Lt generals, Admirals, air marshals, Group Captains, and Colonels. Old veterans included Sep Ram Kishan, 93 years, Armoured Corp veteran of World War II; Sep Ram Bharose Yadav, 85 years, a blind veteran of 72 Medium Artillery;
8649907
Pittosporum spinescens


Pittosporum spinescens is a shrub native to woodlands and dry rainforest of Northern and Eastern Australia and New Guinea. Growing to 7m tall with small leaves clustered on short branches that often terminate in a sharp point. The plant produced edible fruits, 2–3 cm in diameter. It is commonly known as wallaby apple, orange thorn or thorn orange. "P. spinescens" is very similar in appearance to the closely related "Pittosporum multiflorum", but is readily distinguished by its entire leaf margins, in contrast to the toothed leaf margins
12344444
Pittosporum


– both from New Zealand – and the Japanese cheesewood ("P. tobira") from southern Japan are widely cultivated as ornamental plants in subtropical regions; pittosporums can also be grown indoors as bonsai. The petroleum nut ("P. resiniferum") yields petroleum nut oil, which is sometimes proposed as biofuel; due to its excessive "n"-heptane content and consequent low octane rating, it is better suited as a source of "n"-heptane, which is otherwise produced from crude oil. Many herbivores detest the resinuous pittosporums, in particular
13808191
Pittosporum obcordatum


, "obcordatum" means "reversed heart shape". "Pittosporum obcordatum" is a dicotyledonous columnar single-trunked shrub or mostly <10 m tall small tree, with slender and interlacing branches, divaricating to many grey or reddish-brown , hairy or glabrous branchlets that bearing small woody capsules and scattered leaves. "Pittosporum obcordatum" have numerous, tomentulose or glabrous, margins entire or crenate, flat or revolute leaves, they have various shapes, usually 5–10 mm wide, mostly as long as wide. In different stage
22146305
Pittosporum obcordatum


scattered along the length of New Zealand include 12 locations in 4 regions. And the total number of individuals in wild is about 2500, South Island took up about 60%, and two North Island localities (Mangarouhi, Waipukurau and Wairua, Whangarei) have more than 300 individuals. "Pittosporum obcordatum" also been found in Paengaroa Mainland Island. "Pittosporum obcordatum " prefer lowland kahikatea/matai forest, terrestrial, or eastern lowland alluvial forest. According to Clarkson & Clarkson (1994) ecological investigations in North Island's six
22146311
Pittosporum obcordatum


locations, "Pittosporum obcordatum" prefers habitat is river flats, usually "near backswamps and margins of oxbow lakes and cut-off meanders", with 200 meters altitude, 9~15 degree Celsius mean annual temperatures, 1000 mm~1500 mm mean annual rainfall and frequent raining in winter and drought summer. "Pittosporum obcordatum" also found in primary and secondary forest, treeland, and scrub which usually dominated by Dacrycarpus dacrydioides and/or Prumnopitys taxifolia with abundance and diversity of divaricating shrubs or trees. So it can be seen as a health-indicator
22146312
Pittosporum multiflorum


Pittosporum multiflorum, known as the orange thorn, is a shrub growing in eastern Australia. The dense foliage provides a habitat for small birds and animals. It grows on shales or volcanic soils, from Eden, New South Wales north to Queensland. Usually in or near rainforest areas. "Pittosporum multiflorum" grows from one to three metres in height. Thickly branched with small spines. Leaves almost circular, 3 to 12 mm long, practically without leaf stalks. Mostly toothed, through rarely entire. Flowering occurs in spring or
4210797
PhyloCode


content of a taxon, other than the type, is not specified by the rank-based codes. In contrast, under phylogenetic nomenclature, the content of taxa are delimited using a definition that is based on phylogeny (i.e., ancestry and descent) and uses specifiers (e.g., species, specimens, apomorphies) to indicate actual organisms. The formula of the definition indicates an ancestor. The defined taxon, then, is that ancestor and all of its descendants. Thus, the content of a phylogenetically defined taxon relies on
4227015
Taxonomic rank


given names. Alternative approaches, such as using circumscriptional names, avoid this problem. There are no rules for how many species should make a genus, a family, or any other higher taxon (that is, a taxon in a category above the species level). It should be a natural group (that is, non-artificial, non-polyphyletic), as judged by a biologist, using all the information available to them. Equally ranked higher taxa in different phyla are not necessarily equivalent (e.g., it
17667713
Phylogenetic nomenclature


Phylogenetic nomenclature, often called cladistic nomenclature, is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below. This contrasts with the traditional approach, in which taxon names are defined by a "type", which can be a specimen or a taxon of lower rank, and a description in words. Phylogenetic nomenclature is currently not regulated, but the "International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature" ("PhyloCode") is intended to regulate it once it is ratified. Phylogenetic nomenclature ties names
4744909
Sarracenia rosea


this taxon in a 1993 issue of "Rhodora", the journal of the New England Botanical Club. Schnell decided to place this taxon at the rank of variety below subsp. "venosa" as "S. purpurea" var. "burkii", honoring Louis Burk as Wherry had suggested 60 years earlier. In 1999, however, botanists Robert Naczi, then a professor of biology at Northern Kentucky University, and Frederick and Roberta Case elevated the variety to species rank, naming it "Sarracenia rosea". They compiled morphological
4498748
Macrostomida


The Macrostomida are a taxon of small basal free-living flatworms (Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes), which inhabit freshwater, brackish, and marine environments. The taxon name was coined by Josef Meixner (1924). There are currently about 260 named species in this taxon. As is the case for many other taxa, the taxonomic rank of Macrostomida is not very clear. Macrostomidans are small (~0.5 to 5 mm in length), and generally highly transparent microturbellarians, usually round in cross section, and with only the largest forms
13717906
Type (biology)


specimens. The type of a genus or subgenus is a species. The type of a suprageneric taxon (e.g., family, etc.) is a genus. Names higher than superfamily rank do not have types. A "name-bearing type" is a specimen or image that "provides the objective standard of reference whereby the application of the name of a nominal taxon can be determined." Although in reality biologists may examine many specimens (when available) of a new taxon before writing an official published species description,
4362871
Correct name


there are two or more legitimate names for the same taxon (with the same circumscription, position and rank), then the correct name is the one which has priority, i.e. it was published earliest, although names may be conserved if they have been very widely used. Validly published names other than the correct name are called synonyms. Since taxonomists may disagree as to the circumscription, position or rank of a taxon, there can be more than one correct name for a particular plant. These may also be called synonyms.
19338400
Banksia aquilonia


geographically distinct from other infraspecific taxa. They also noted that there were no intermediate plants between what was then known as "B. integrifolia" var. "aquilonia" and other populations of "B. integrifolia". On this basis they would have liked to promote it to species rank, but did not because their inferred phylogeny suggested that this taxon arose from within "B. integrifolia". They were unwilling to render "B. integrifolia" paraphyletic by elevating this taxon to species rank, and they were equally unwilling to elevate all four
21331511
Drosera gigantea


geniculata", that grows to tall in black sandy soils near Perth and to its south. Jan Schlauer disagreed with Marchant and Lowrie's decision to give the new taxon a rank of subspecies and thus published a new combination of the taxon at the rank of variety in a 1996 issue of the "Carnivorous Plant Newsletter". He argued that subspecies should be reserved for those occasions where allopatric, or geographically isolated, speciation occurred and varieties are best used in cases where sympatric speciation is suspected. Others disagree with this assessment,
2758435
Anaspidea


somewhat resemble the ears of a hare. Many older textbooks and websites refer to this suborder as Anaspidea. The original author Paul Henri Fischer described the taxon Anaspidea at unspecified rank above family. In 1925 Johannes Thiele established the taxon Anaspidea as a suborder. Since the taxon Anaspidea was not based on an existing genus, this name is no longer available according to the rules of the ICZN. Anaspidea has been replaced in the new Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) by the clade Aplysiomorpha. The scientific name
4362472
Phylogenetic nomenclature


rank changed, even if it has precisely the same members (i.e. the same circumscription); and it is logically inconsistent with all taxa being monophyletic. Especially in recent decades (due to advances in phylogenetics), taxonomists have named many "nested" taxa (i.e. taxa which are contained inside other taxa). No system of nomenclature attempts to name every clade; this would be particularly difficult in traditional nomenclature since every named taxon must be given a lower rank than any named taxon in which it is nested, so the
4744916
Synonym (taxonomy)


other purposes, if a researcher is interested in consulting or compiling all currently known information regarding a taxon, some of this (including species descriptions, distribution, ecology and more) may well have been published under names now regarded as outdated (i.e., synonyms) and so it is again useful to know a list of historic synonyms which may have been used for a given current (valid) taxon name. Objective synonyms refer to taxa with the same type and same rank (more or less the same taxon, although circumscription
3098374
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
557049
Abraham Halpern


in Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve from Sep. 24, 1942 to Nov. 30, 1945 in European, North Atlantic, and Pacific theatres. Rank on discharge: Petty Officer. Served in Royal Canadian Navy, 1953-1957, as follows: Medical Officer, R.C.N. Hospital, Esquimalt, BC, July to Nov., 1953. Medical Officer, H.M.C.S. "Cayuga", Nov., 1953 to Feb., 1955 - Far East (Korea). Medical Officer, R.C.N. Hospital, Cornwallis, NS, Apr., 1955 to Sep.,
12498700
Pittosporum tenuifolium


. The oil was used to scent little pouches or a dead bird skin, often worn around the neck. The oil was also used to scent houses and mats of people of high rank. In addition, kōhūhū was also used for medicinal purposes by Māori. The resin was mixed with other gums and chewed as a cure for bad breath and sores in the mouth. Parts of the plants were used as topical treatment for relief of the symptoms of skin diseases. Crushed leaves were also used as a poultice for ulcers.
2044530
Gugh


the unfavourable assessment is because there is too much ground cover of bramble ("Rubus fruiticosus") and "Pittosporum", and the heath on Kittern Hill is less interesting than on the rest of the island. The reason is probably because of a fire on the hill in 1972 and subsequently there is less "Cladonia" "sp". (a lichen). The "Pittosporum" requires urgent control and the island needs grazing to return it to a favourable condition. There is also a problem with the recent appearance
6848271
Taxon


any biological domain, but traditionally it was always used for animals, whereas "Division" was traditionally often used for plants, fungi, etc. A prefix is used to indicate a ranking of lesser importance. The prefix "super-" indicates a rank above, the prefix "sub-" indicates a rank below. In zoology the prefix "infra-" indicates a rank below "sub-". For instance, among the additional ranks of class are superclass, subclass and infraclass. Rank is relative, and restricted to a particular
20416053
Validly published name


a particular taxon and rank. Nevertheless, invalid names ("nomen invalidum", "nom. inval.") are sometimes in use. This may occur when a taxonomist finds and recognises a taxon and thinks of a name, but delays publishing it in an adequate manner. A common reason for this is that a taxonomist intends to write a "magnum opus" that provides an overview of the group, rather than a series of small papers. Another reason is that the code of nomenclature changes with time, and
14663024
Aromobatidae


The Aromobatidae are a family of frogs native to Central and South America. They are sometimes referred to as cryptic forest frogs. They are the sister taxon of the Dendrobatidae, the poison dart frogs, but are not as toxic as most dendrobatids are. The Aromobatidae were separated from the Dendrobatidae only in 2006, and some sources continue to treat these frogs as part of the Dendrobatidae. However, their position as the sister taxon is well supported, and the question is primarily about whether they should be ranked as a family or
17636105
Ozimops


30. The variation to this is the loss of a tooth in mature individuals, the upper anterior premolar, at one or both sides of the jaw. The taxon was first published as subgenus of "Mormopterus" in 2014, separating Australian groups whose diversity was reviewed and described as new species. The content of the new taxon was established or formerly cryptic taxa of Indo-Papuan species and a centre of diversity at the Australian mainland. This was elevated to the rank of genus in 2015. The arrangement of the genus
2029365
Taxon


coined a century before from the Greek components "τάξις" (taxis, meaning arrangement) and "-νομία" (-nomia meaning method). For plants, it was proposed by Herman Johannes Lam in 1948, and it was adopted at the VII International Botanical Congress, held in 1950. The Glossary of the "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" (1999) defines a A taxon can be assigned a taxonomic rank, usually (but not necessarily) when it is given a formal name. "Phylum" applies formally to
20416052
Autonym (botany)


belonged to the species (and are not included in the newly described taxon) now become a new infraspecific taxon. But as neither the type nor the final epithet has changed, there is no need for a change in author citation. The same goes for a subdivision of a genus. If a botanist creates a new subdivision of a genus, for example by dividing a large genus into two or more subgenera, sections, or series, then a new subdivision of the genus at each of the new ranks will share the
20983137
Monera


Monera () (Greek - μονήρης (monḗrēs), "single", "solitary") is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic cell organization (having no nuclear membrane), such as bacteria. They are single-celled organisms with no true nuclear membrane (prokaryotic organisms). The taxon Monera was first proposed as a phylum by Ernst Haeckel in 1866. Subsequently, the phylum was elevated to the rank of kingdom in 1925 by Édouard Chatton. The last commonly accepted mega-classification with the taxon
5726713
Syzygium smithii


to Wilsons Promontory. Associated trees species include bangalow palm ("Archontophoenix cunninghamiana"), ironwood ("Backhousia myrtifolia"), black wattle ("Callicoma serratifolia"), sassafras, ("Doryphora sassafras"), blueberry ash ("Elaeocarpus reticulatus"), pinkwood ("Eucryphia moorei"), sweet pittosporum ("Pittosporum undulatum") and kanuka ("Tristaniopsis laurina"). Stunted coastal plants are often associated with coast banksia ("Banksia integrifolia"). In New Zealand, where it is
10714677
Barrenjoey Head Lighthouse


" (lily pilly), "Pittosporum undulatum" (sweet pittosporum), "Syzygium oleosum" (brush cherry), "Parachidendron pruinosum" (snow wood), "Rhodomyrtus psidioides" and "Cassine australis". Vines are also present, the most common being "Cissus antarctica" (kangaroo vine), but others include "Cissus hypoglauca" (water vine), "Parsonsia" sp. (native jasmine), "Marsdenia rostrata", "Hibbertia dentata" (golden guinea flower) and "Hibbertia
16180402
Türkmenbaşı Nature Park


shrubs lavender ("Lavandula spica"), barberry ("Berberis vulgaris"), glossy abelia ("Abelia × grandiflora"), pittosporum ("Pittosporum tobira"), cherry laurel ("Laurocerasus officinalis"), Chinese photinia ("Photinia serratifolia"), strawberry tree ("Arbutus unedo"), Japanese aucuba ("Aucuba japonica"), fountainplant ("Ophiopogon japonicus"). The main fauna of the nature park consists of bird species. Observed bird species are finch, magpie, sparrow
18410839
Roseneath Cottage


), Chinese hibiscus ("Hibiscus rosa-sinensis" cv.), cumquat ("Fortunella" sp.), horned holly ("Ilex cornuta") tree, tree tulip ("Magnolia soulangeana"), are the main shrubs. To the south east are a heavenly bamboo ("Nandina domestica"), sweet pittosporum ("Pittosporum undulatum") tree, "Hydrangea macrophylla" cv.s. A small brick path leads from the back door on the house's south-eastern side out to a side
2121957
September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
5363349
Tatuidris


of the tribe has been the focus of debate. Bolton (2003) was the first to suggest the taxonomic instability of "Tatuidris" within Myrmicinae and raised the genus to the level of a new subfamily, the Agroecomyrmecinae, suggesting that Agroecomyrmecinae might be the sister taxon to Myrmicinae. The subfamily rank was re-assessed by Baroni Urbani & de Andrade in 2007, this was the first attempt to include "Tatuidris" as a terminal taxon in a morphological cladistic analysis. In their study, Baroni Urbani & de Andrade identified
21404594
Correct name


In botany, the correct name according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) is the one and only botanical name that is to be used for a particular taxon, when that taxon has a particular circumscription, position and rank. Determining whether a name is correct is a complex procedure. The name must be validly published, a process which is defined in no less than 16 Articles of the ICN. It must also be "legitimate", which imposes some further requirements. If
19338399
Abelisauridae


. Abelisauridae is a family in rank-based Linnaean taxonomy, within the infraorder Ceratosauria and the superfamily Abelisauroidea, which also contains the family Noasauridae. It has had several definitions in phylogenetic taxonomy. It was originally defined as a node-based taxon including "Abelisaurus", "Carnotaurus", their common ancestor, and all of its descendants. Later, it was redefined as a stem-based taxon, including all animals more closely related to "Abelisaurus" (or the more complete "Carnotaurus") than to "
19559613
Gleicheniaceae


-shaped hairs. There is some dispute about ranking these ferns. They are typically placed in the order Gleicheniales. They may alternatively be considered a subclass Gleicheniatae or class Gleichenopsida, so that a distinct taxon can be established for the leptosporangiate ferns. In this case, the Gleicheniaceae are upranked to an order and receive the name Gleicheniales. Irrespective of their modern taxonomic treatment, the Gleicheniaceae were formerly included in the order Polypodiales. But the ferns in the loose sense are much too diverse a group to be shoehorned into one taxon
4344486
Taxonomic rank


by the nomenclature codes. There are seven main taxonomic ranks: kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, genus, species. In addition, "domain" (proposed by Carl Woese) is now widely used as a fundamental rank, although it is not mentioned in any of the nomenclature codes, and is a synonym for dominion (lat. dominium), introduced by Moore in 1974. A taxon is usually assigned a rank when it is given its formal name. The basic ranks are species and
17667700
Roseneath Cottage


the northern side of the house west to O'Connell Street. A line of shrubs runs along the northern perimeter fence north and rear of the house and over the trellis fence including Mickey Mouse plant ("Ochna serrulata"), port wine magnolia ("Michelia figo"), poinsettia ("Euphorbia pulcherrima") bushes (several), New Zealand pittosporum ("Pittosporum tenuifolium" 'Variegata') and a grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi cv.). A lawn area is to the rear of the house on the
2121959
Taxonomic rank


In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy. Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain, etc. A given rank subsumes under it less general categories, that is, more specific descriptions of life forms. Above it, each rank is classified within more general categories of organisms and groups of organisms related to each other through inheritance of traits or features from common ancestors. The rank
17667696
Taxonomic rank


nuclei in the domain Eukarya. The "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" defines "rank" as: "The level, for nomenclatural purposes, of a taxon in a taxonomic hierarchy (e.g. all families are for nomenclatural purposes at the same rank, which lies between superfamily and subfamily)." In his landmark publications, such as the "Systema Naturae", Carl Linnaeus used a ranking scale limited to: kingdom, class, order, genus, species, and one rank below species. Today, nomenclature is regulated
17667699
Pittosporum patulum


Pittosporum patulum is a plant species endemic to New Zealand where it has a restricted distribution in the South Island - ranging from Nelson in the north with occurrences in inland Marlborough down to Wanaka in the south. It is unusual amongst the genus in having deep red and scented flowers. It is a small tree restricted to sub-alpine sites in canopy gaps in "Nothofagus" forest and in scree. It is uncommon and may be threatened by grazing and by alien herbivores. It is listed in the IUCN Red List as Endangered
22146317
Pittosporum multiflorum


summer. The orange fruit often persists on the plant. Regeneration from fresh seed is slow but fairly reliable. The plant is very similar to the closely related "Pittosporum spinescens", but is readily distinguished by its toothed leaf margins. The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia records that common names included "Native Orange" and "Orange Thorn" and that "The fruit is an orange berry with a leathery skin, about one inch and a half in diameter. The seeds are large. It is eaten
4210798
Pittosporum bicolor


New South Wales and Victoria (Figure 1). It grows as a shrub or a small tree in gullies and the shrub understorey of wet sclerophyll forests, and is therefore tolerant of shaded conditions. It prefers to grow in moist, well drained soils, and does not typically occur at altitudes greater than 1,000 metres above sea level. It is not uncommon for "Pittosporum bicolor" to occur as an epiphyte on soft tree fern species, such as "Dicksonia antarctica", this is possibly an adaptation to avoid seedlings being
4414149
Pittosporum cornifolium


Pittosporum cornifolium, known as tāwhiri karo in Māori, is a species of plant in the Pittosporaceae family. It is an epiphytic plant endemic to the North Island and the Marlborough Sounds of the South Island, New Zealand. In the wild it is considered rare and threatened, although it occurs more frequently on offshore islands in the north-east, along with "P. kirkii", the only other epiphytic member of the genus. Also grows well as a ground plant and is a popular garden ornamental with two recognised cultivars.
8008736
Sorbeoconcha


Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastropoda. The taxon Sorbeoconcha was named by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997. According to the older taxonomy by Ponder and Lindberg the suborders within the order Sorbeoconcha are: In the taxonomy by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the clade Sorbeoconcha was declared a taxon of unspecified rank, within the clade Caenogastropoda. It comprises the superfamily Cerithioidea, the superfamily Campaniloidea, the informal group Ptenoglossa and the clade
13363551
Stomatellinae


Stomatellinae is a subfamily of small sea snails with a brilliantly nacreous interior of the shell, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Trochidae, the top snails. In the earlier classification used in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, the Stomatellidae was included in the Archaeogastropoda, however, this taxon is now largely abandoned in favor of the more recently defined Vetigastropoda. According to Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), Williams et al. (2008) and Williams et al. (2010) this taxon underwent a rank change from family Stomatellidae to
2477997
Blue Gum Forest, Blue Mountains


"trampling", camping is permitted at nearby Acacia Flat, not in the Blue Gum Forest itself. While the forest is dominated by "Eucalyptus deanei", other eucalyptus trees are present. Smaller trees and shrubs include paperbarks ("Melaleuca styphelioides"), various acacias and the Yellow Pittosporum ("Pittosporum revolutum"). Grasses, vines, orchids ("Caladenia picta"), and ferns grow on the forest floor. Common brushtail possums, greater gliders, eastern grey kangaroos, spotted-tail quoll and rock
15193092
Pittosporum viridiflorum


Pittosporum viridiflorum (Cape cheesewood, , , , ) is a protected tree in South Africa. The leaves are obovate with margin entire and wavy, conspicuous net veining, crowded at ends of branches. Often with a single mis-formed leaf. The midrib has a yellow colour and the leaf has a brilliant green colour when viewed against the light. Fruit borne in clusters at the end of branches, yellow becoming brown, dehiscent with four bright red seeds covered with a sticky exudate with a faintly sweet smell. The bark
21919069
Pittosporum obcordatum


"Pittosporum obcordatum" is currently a threatened plant. This is largely due to deforestation, browsing mammals, and invasive weeds that take over its habitat. Weeds such "Carex divulsa" as suffocate P. obcordatum, making it difficult for the plant to regenerate. "As well as 54 indigenous species, P.obcordatum is currently defined as “nationally endangered" There are some recommendations to ensuring that P. obcordatum does not go extinct. As previously mentioned the removal of invasive species such as Carex divulsa would allow P. obcordatum to regenerate. Fencing
22146316
Pittosporum mackeei


Pittosporum mackeei is a species of plant in the Pittosporaceae family. It is endemic to New Caledonia. The species epithet, "mackeei", honours Hugh Shaw MacKee, a botanist who collected for over 30 years in New Caledonia, and who collected the type specimen in the high valley of la Tchamba at an altitude of 150 metres on 10 May 1967. "P. mackeei" flowers and fruits in March, April and May. The inflorescences consist of white flowers, forming an umbel and may be axillary or terminal. Its fruits
3006645
Pittosporum resiniferum


Pittosporum resiniferum, the resin cheesewood or petroleum nut, is a tree that grows in the Philippines and Malaysia, particularly in the wilderness surrounding the Mayon Volcano and in the Cordillera of the Philippines and Mount Kinabalu of Sabah, Malaysia. The petroleum nut derives its name from the resemblance of the fruit's odor to petroleum-based fuels. The fruits of the tree burn brightly when ignited, and can be used for illumination as torches or candles. Its fruit is also highly suitable for use in producing biofuel. This use has
3822836
Pittosporum eugenioides


" can be found outside of New Zealand. There are “about 200 trees and shrubs” in the genus located in neighbouring parts of the world. Countries with the same genus found include; Africa, Australia, some Pacific islands, southern & eastern Asia, and New Zealand. A reason for this endemic occurrence is due to the isolation of New Zealand over a long period of time. "Pittosporum euginiodes" is found throughout New Zealand’s South Island and North Island in low lying forests. It is found in forest
4243774
Pittosporum eugenioides


suited to New Zealand conditions where it naturally grew many years ago. At home in the garden, "P. euegnioides" prefers a sunny to part shade position, does not mind the wind, and thrives in soil with good drainage. The viability of the lemonwood's seeds is affected by moisture levels of the soil. If the moisture levels are too high the seed is likely to become unviable. The lemonwood like other pittosporums is somewhat drought resistant therefore rainfall is not a major factor in the lemonwoods survival. P. eugenioides is
4243776
Pittosporum eugenioides


for bad breath. They rolled the gum in to a ball and this was thought to last a whole generation. The gum made a great glue when chewed as well. "Pittosporum eugenioides" is great for establishing a shade canopy in a restoration setting. It then provides an opportunity to introduce understory, shade loving plants to the same location, later planting underneath the lemonwood trees. It is recommended to plant this species closer than you would normally find in the established forest. “close planting imitates the growth of the seedlings
4243781
Pittosporum kirkii


Pittosporum kirkii is a glabrous evergreen perennial shrub that reaches up to in height and possesses distinctive coriaceous, fleshy, thick leaves. It is one of four shrubs endemic to New Zealand that frequently displays an epiphytic lifestyle. "P. kirkii" is commonly epiphytic, perched amongst nest epiphytes in the canopies of emergent or canopy trees in old-growth forest; however, it can be observed occasionally growing on the ground or over rocks (in a rupestral lifestyle). The type locality of "P. kirkii" is Great Barrier Island
7958158
Rhytidosporum procumbens


Rhytidosporum procumbens, commonly known as white marianth, is a small perennial plant of the pittosporum family, Pittosporaceae. The species is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has narrow leaves that are 5 to 20 mm long and 1 to 1.5 mm wide. White flowers appear in spring. The species was first formally described in 1836 as "Pittosporum procumbens" by English botanist William Jackson Hooker in "Companion to the Botanical Magazine". The species was transferred to the genus "Rhytidosporum" in 1862 by Victorian Government Botanist Ferdinand
9522303
Rhinonycteridae


in 2014. The affinities within the families Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae are sometimes found to be contrary in morphological and molecular analyses, yet resolving the phylogeny of these speciose and poorly defined groups has implication in several areas of research. The synonymy includes earlier combinations that elevated the rank through subtribe, tribe then subfamily. The taxon Triaenopini Benda & Vallo, 2009 was also reduced to a synonym for this family by the authors of the 2014 revision that elevated this taxon. The hipposiderid and rhinolophid bats are of especial interest to research into potential
1208236
La Gomera giant lizard


to be controlled. In his scientific description, the German zoologist R. Hutterer referred the subfossil remains from La Gomera to two subspecies of "Gallotia simonyi" with the differences being size related. He named these "Gallotia simonyi bravoana" and "Gallotia simonyi gomerana". Bischoff (1998) synonymized them to a single taxon. Barbadillo "et al." (1999) decided for "bravoana" when they elevated the taxon to species rank. Nogales "et al." (2001) concurred as regards species status,
14733429
Orange-spotted trevally


a /j/ sound; Forsskål used this technique to name a number of Red Sea fish species. Forsskål at first gave the new taxon subspecies status as "Scomber ferdau bajad", relating it to the mackerels, and especially "Scomber ferdau", which would later also be transferred to "Carangoides". The taxon was later given a species rank, becoming "Scomber bajad", then "Caranx bajad", before being transferred to its current position as "Carangoides bajad". The species was also independently renamed three times
15301652
Drosera subg. Lasiocephala


monograph of the family and recognizing this taxon as a series under section "Rossolis". In 1996, taxonomist Jan Schlauer argued for the recognition of this taxon at the rank of subgenus, noting that these closely related species share many affinities with subgenus "Drosera" but are different enough to warrant subgeneric status. All species in this subgenus are native to northern Australia except for "D. petiolaris", which is more widely distributed to as far as New Guinea. The plants in this subgenus or "petiolaris"-complex mostly look like variations
19625002
Synonym (taxonomy)


Given that the correct name of a taxon depends on the taxonomic viewpoint used (resulting in a particular circumscription, position and rank) a name that is one taxonomist's synonym may be another taxonomist's correct name (and "vice versa"). Synonyms may arise whenever the same taxon is described and named more than once, independently. They may also arise when existing taxa are changed, as when two taxa are joined to become one, a species is moved to a different genus, a variety is moved to a
3098366
Name-bearing type


for example, the Central American rodent tribe Nyctomyini has "Nyctomys" as its type genus and its name consists of the stem of the type genus, Nyctomy-, and the appropriate ending for a tribe, -ini. "Genus group" ranks consist of the genus and subgenus. The name-bearing type for a genus-group taxon is the type species, which must be one of the species included when that taxon ("genus" hereafter for brevity) was first formally named or, when no species were included when
5809723
Botanical name


names may also have an extra component, bringing a maximum of four parts: A botanical name in three parts, i.e., an infraspecific name (a name for a taxon below the rank of species) needs a "connecting term" to indicate rank. In the "Calystegia" example above, this is "subsp.", for subspecies. In botany there are many ranks below that of species (in zoology there is only one such rank, subspecies, so that this "connecting term" is not used in
6449289
Class (biology)


In biological classification, class () is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order. The class as a distinct rank of biological classification having its own distinctive name (and not just called a "top-level genus" "(genus summum)") was first introduced by the
15757221
Pittosporum divaricatum


Pittosporum divaricatum is a species of plant in the Pittosporaceae family. It is a New Zealand endemic shrub growing up to 3 metres high. It has densely entangled branches growing in a divaricating form typical of many New Zealand small leaved shrubs. It exhibits a form of dimorphism with leaves differing in form between the juvenile and adult stages and in the adult leaves where two distinct forms are found. The juvenile leaves are narrowly lanceolate to obovate with margins pinnatifid to dentate. The adult leaves exist in two forms, either entire, or
10756780
Pittosporum lancifolium


Pittosporum lancifolium, known as the narrow-leaved orange thorn or sticky orange thorn, is a shrub or tree growing in eastern Australia. Often found at altitudes above 500 metres above sea level; from Mallanganee National Park in New South Wales in the south to Yarraman in south east Queensland in the north. Usually found in association with the Hoop Pine on the drier types of rainforest on soils enriched by basalt. The specific epithet "lancifolium" refers to the lance shaped leaves. Usually a bush in the under-storey,
12242051
Index of Fiji-related articles


platyphyllus - Pittosporum pickeringii - Pittosporum rhytidocarpum - Wayne PIVAC - Platymantis megabotoniviti - Platymantis vitianus - Platymantis vitiensis - Podocarpus neriifolius - Political families in Fiji, list of - Political parties in Fiji, list of - Politics of Fiji - Polyalthia laddiana - Poonah (Ship) - Porphyrosela aglaozona - Paulo POSIANO - Post Fiji - Post Fiji Stadium - Postage stamps and postal history of Fiji - History of pound sterling in Oceania - Ranjesh PRAKASH - Premna protrusa - Presidents of Fiji (List) - President of the Court of Appeal - President
12307081
Auranticarpa rhombifolia


Auranticarpa rhombifolia is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia. Known as the diamond leaf pittosporum, this tree is planted in many parts of Australia as an ornamental. The white flowers and orange fruit make it a most appealing street or garden tree. Other common names include hollywood, diamond leaf laurel, white myrtle and white holly. Australian botanists recently examined the large genus "Pittosporum" and decided the more northerly examples are significantly different from those in the south. Subsequently, a new genus was created "Auranticarpa", which means
17414421
Pittosporum tenuifolium


. Most of the plants in the genus "Pittosporum" are easily propagated from seed, but germination may be slow. In horticultural production, the sticky substance coating the seeds is removed before sowing, as it acts as a germination inhibitor. The seeds are treated to simulate natural conditions for six weeks in order to improve germination rates. Kōhūhū is a relatively fast growing plant growing from 0.5 metres to 3 metres within five years. The root system is shallow and spread out. These characteristics make it ideal – when used in
2044521