Mahmud II [SEP] brother
History of the Bahmani Sultanate


that Ahmad Shah II ascended the throne in 838 AH when Ahmad I was alive. Son of Ahmad Shah II. Ahmad Shah II nominated his eldest son Humayun his heir. King made Khwaja Mahmud Gawan, Malik-ut-tujjar, trafdar of Bijapur and Wakil-e-Sultunate giving him full control of military matters. Humayun was a short-tempered and cruel man. He named his cousin Sikandar Khan as Sipahsalar. Sikandar became rebellious and was crushed with the help of Mahmud Gawan. Humayun died on Sep 4,
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Muhammad II ibn Mahmud


Muhammad II ibn Mahmud (1128–1159) was Sultan of Seljuq Empire from 1153 to 1159. He was son of Mahmud II and brother of Malik-Shah III. "The Cambridge History of Iran" notes that Sultan Muhammad "tried energetically to restore the slipping authority of his dynasty in Iraq," He was raised in Fars along with his brother Malik-Shah III. In 1148, their uncle Sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud, who had no heirs and was in a weak position, appointed Malik-Shah III as
2676804
Esma Sultan (daughter of Abdul Hamid I)


1807, the Janissaries revolted once more, dethroned, imprisoned, and later murdered Selim III. They placed his cousin Mustafa, brother of Esma Sultan, on the throne as Mustafa IV (1807–1808). Mustafa IV reigned briefly in an era of Janissary riots. He was deposed in 1808 by the rebels, and his half-brother (and Esma's brother) Mahmud, whose execution he had unsuccessfully ordered, came to the throne as Mahmud II. Mahmud II then ordered the murder of Mustafa and remained so the last
3341335
South Sumatra


sent troops to attack Palembang and Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II was forced to flee the royal palace, then Raffles appointed the Sultan Ahmad Najamuddin II, brother of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II as king. In 1813 Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II again took over the kingdom, but one month later he was brought down again by Raffles and reappointed Sultan Ahmad Najamuddin II, causing a split in the Sultanate of Palembang. After the Dutch returned to the region, the Dutch attacked and annexed the sultanate to the Dutch East Indies, and exiled the sultan
7888677
Mahmud II


's predecessor, and half-brother, Mustafa IV ordered his execution along with his cousin, the deposed Sultan Selim III, in order to defuse the rebellion. Selim III was killed, but Mahmud was safely kept hidden by his mother and was placed on the throne after the rebels deposed Mustafa IV. The leader of this rebellion, Alemdar Mustafa Pasha, later became Mahmud II's vizier. Western historians give Mahmud a poor reputation for simply being the Sultan during a time of deterioration of the Ottoman Empire. There are many
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Muhammad Shah I


throne but he died just after 45 days. He was succeeded by his brother Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq II but his cousin Nusrat Khan also claimed similar rank in Firuzabad. In prevailing situation, Timur invaded India and marched on Delhi in 1398. In early 1399, he defeated Mahmud II and looted and destroyed the much of Delhi. Sultan Mahmud II escaped and after many wanderings, reached Patan. He hoped to secure Zafar Khan's alliance to march to Delhi but Zafar Khan declined. He went to Malwa
3865555
History of the Bahmani Sultanate


1461. Coins struck in his name indicate that he might have died sometime on Sep 4, 1461. Also known as Nizam Shah, son of Humayun Shah. On Humayun's death his son Ahmad succeeded to the throne as Nizam-ud-din Ahmad III at the age of 8 in 1461. He was escorted to the throne by Shah Muhib-ul-la and Syed-us-Sadat Syed Hanif. Ahmad II nominated a council of Regency consisting of Khwaja-e-Jahan Turk, Mahmud Gawan with the
20333774
Ahmad Sanjar


him at Battle of Ghazni and installing Arslan's brother Bahram in the throne as a Seljuk vassal. Garshasp II, who had been imprisoned by Mahmud II, fled to the court of Ahmad, where he requested protection from him (Garshasp's wife was the sister of Ahmad). Garshasp urged Ahmad to invade the domains of Mahmud in Central Iran, and gave him information on how to march to Central Iran, and the ways to combat Mahmud. Ahmad accepted and advanced with an army to the west in 1119, where
14592904
Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud


Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud ( 1108 – September 13, 1152) was the Seljuq Sultan of Iraq and western Persia in 1133–1152. He was the son of sultan Mehmed I of Great Seljuq. At the age of twelve (1120–1121), he rebelled unsuccessfully against his elder brother, Mahmud II, who however forgave him. At Mahmud's death in 1131, the power was contended between Mahmud's son, Dawud, Mas'ud, whose powerbase was in Iraq, Seljuq-Shah (in Fars and Khuzistan) and Toghrul II
21120983
Mahmud II (Seljuq sultan)


was Garshasp himself, the Emir of Sistan and the Khwarazm-Shah, including two other unnamed kings. After being victorious, Ahmad then restored the domains of Garshasp II. Ahmad then proceeded as far as Baghdad, whereupon Mahmud was married to one of Sanjar's daughters, made his uncle's heir, and forced to give up strategic territories in northern Persia. Mahmud's young brother Mas'ud revolted against him in 1120, but the civil war ended the following year due to the intervention of the atabeg of Mosul, Aq Sonqor
919737
Mahmud Namik Efendi


villa in San Remo, and to their cousin, the last Caliph of Islam Abdülmecid II, who lived in Nice. In 1934 he moved to Alexandria, Egypt with his father Ömer Hilmi and grandmother, and was later joined in January by his sister, Emine Mükbile, and his brother-in-law, Ali Vâsib. By the early 1940s Prince Mahmud Namık kept an apartment with his wife Şaharazad (or Shahrazad) in Maadi, a suburb of Cairo. Prince Mahmud Namık married Şaharazad Ratib on August 1939. Şaharazad
19281964
Mahmud Pasha Angelović


of Belgrade (1456), he was raised to the position of Grand Vizier as a reward, succeeding Zaganos Pasha. Throughout his tenure he led armies or accompanied Mehmed II on his own campaigns. In 1458, the Serbian Despot Lazar Branković died. Mahmud's brother Mihailo became member of a collective regency, but he was soon deposed by the anti-Ottoman and pro-Hungarian faction in the Serbian court. In reaction, Mahmud attacked and seized Smederevo Fortress, although the citadel held out, and seized some additional strongholds
21774678
Mahmud I


Mahmud I (, , 2 August 1696 13 December 1754), known as The hunchback, was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1754. He was born at Edirne Palace, the son of Mustafa II (1664–1703); his mother was Saliha Sabkati Valide Sultan. Mahmud I was the older brother of Osman III (1754–57). He developed a humped back. On 28 September 1730, Patrona Halil with a small group of fellow Janissaries aroused some of the citizens of Constantinople who opposed the reforms of Ahmet
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Sultan Mahmud Mirza


Badakhshan. In 1470 Sultan Mahmud Mirza of Hisar and Umar Shaikh Mirza II of Andijan (Fergana) allied to attack Samarkand but through the mediation of a religious leader they have agreed to make peace. 1471 the hakim of Balkh, Ahmad Mushtak (or Mushtaq), known as Khoja Ahrar, revolted and Mirza Mahmud was going to support Balkh in person. Hussain Baykara besieged Balkh for four months. It is not known when Baykara recovered Balkh. In 1479 he killed his brother Mirza Abu Bakr, and took control of Badakhshan
16285533
Ma'mun II


-Qadir sent Ma'mun several awards, including an investiture patent for Khwarazm (confirming him as independent ruler) in 1014, Ma'mun refused to accept the awards in his capital, fearing that personally accepting the symbols of independence would anger Mahmud. He instead sent out a delegation to accept the awards on the steppe. Ma'mun also married Mahmud's sister Hurra-yi Kalji, who had previously been married to his brother, in 1015 or 1016. Despite these efforts to placate Mahmud, the Ghaznavid demanded that Ma'mun put his name in
18355738
Battle of Akhsi


Jahangir Mirza II and Nasir Mirza (Babur's brothers) as hostages. He also lost Samarkand to Muhammad Shaybani Khan of the Khanate of Bukhara leaving him without a kingdom or a home. He took his family to Tashkent under the protection of his maternal uncle, Sultan Mahmud Khan, the Chagatai Khan of Western Moghulistan. There he served as an officer in the army of the Khan but did not hold authority over any territory. Seeing the rising tide of the Uzbeks under Muhammad Shaybani, Sultan Mahmud Khan consulted with his brother
9890546
Muslim conquests of Afghanistan


, with the latter gaining the throne in 998. The Samanid amir Mansur II appointed Bektuzun as Khorasan's governor after Sabuktigin's death. Mahmud however wished to reacquire the governorship after defeating his brother Ismail and his allies. Bektuzun and Fa'iq, the "de facto" power behind the Samanid throne, toppled Mansur II as they did not trust him and replaced him with Abu'l Fawaris 'Abd al-Malik. Their forces were however defeated in 999 by Mahmud, who acquired all the lands south of Oxus with even those to
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Mahmud Pasha Angelović


daughter of Sultan Mehmed II. After distinguishing himself at the Siege of Belgrade (1456), he was raised to the position of Grand Vizier as a reward, succeeding Zaganos Pasha. Throughout his tenure, he led armies or accompanied Mehmed II on his own campaigns. After the Ottoman conquest of Thessaly in 1394, the ruling Angeloi Philanthropenoi family took refuge. The grandchildren of either Alexios or Manuel were Mahmud Pasha and his brother Mihailo Anđelović. He may have also been related to the noblemen Alessio and Peter Spani through Alexios III
21774673
Abd al-Malik II (Samanid emir)


'Abd al-Malik II was amir of the Samanids (999). His brief reign saw the downfall of the Samanid state. He was the son of Nuh II. In February 999, 'Abd al-Malik's brother Mansur II was deposed and blinded. He was then appointed amir by Fa'iq and the general Bektuzun, the same two individuals who had overthrown his brother and together controlled most of the power in the state. Mansur's overthrow was used as a pretext by Mahmud of Ghazni to conquer the remainder
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Ma'mun II


the "khutba", in effect acknowledging his suzerainty. Although the nobility and the army were opposed to such measure, Ma'mun had no choice but to give in. He agreed to place Mahmud's name in the "khutba" and to fulfil other humiliating demands. In response the army revolted and Ma'mun was killed. The rebels placed his nephew Muhammad on the throne, but Mahmud used the death of his brother-in-law as a pretext for annexing Khwarazm. During Ma'mun's reign several scholars, such as al
18355739
Askiya Dynasty


Askiya Ishaq II was deposed by his brother, Askiya Muhammad Gao. The Moroccan military leader, Pasha Mahmud, set a trap for Askiya Muhammad Gao and gave orders for him to be killed. Sulayman, another brother of Askia Ishaq II, then agreed to cooperate with the Moroccan army and was appointed as a puppet Askiya in Timbuktu. Yet another brother, Nuh, became Askiya in Dendi, a region south of the modern town of Say in Niger. From Dendi Askiya Nuh organised a campaign of resistance against the Moroccan forces
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Mahmud II


, if the criminal chose to persist in his appeal. About the same time that Mahmud II ordained these changes, he personally set an example of reform by regularly attending the Divan, or state council, instead of secluding himself from the labors of state. The practice of the Sultan avoiding the Divan had been introduced as long ago as the reign of Suleiman I, and was considered as one of the causes of the decline of the Empire by a Turkish historian nearly two centuries before Mahmud II's time. Mahmud II also
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Mahmud II (Seljuq sultan)


Mahmud II ( 1105 – 1131) was the Seljuq sultan of Baghdad in 1118 following the death of his father Muhammad I. At the time Mahmud was fourteen, and ruled over Iraq and Persia. During Mahmud's early reign, his vassal king Garshasp II, who was a favorite of his father Muhammad I, fell into disgrace; slander about him spread to the court that made him lose confidence, and made Mahmud send a military force to Yazd where Garshasp was arrested and jailed in Jibal, while Yazd was granted to the
919735
Janja Kantakouzenos


younger brothers, his four sons and twelve grandsons, on the orders of Sultan Mehmed II. A Palaiologos buried their remains in Galata on 16 September the same year. The reason for his family's execution is not known. Matei Cazacu made the assumption that Janja was a relative to Mahmud Pasha's mother. According to Stavrides it is not impossible that Janja's business with the Ottomans were due to his relations to a high-standing official, such as Mahmud Pasha. Babinger mentioned that Janja was a close relative of Catherine
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Ahmad Maymandi


historian Houtsma, "did all in his power to mitigate the degradation of his fall." In 1017, Maymandi and Mahmud agreed to invade Khwarazm, then under native Iranian Ma'munid dynasty. According to Ghaznavid sources, the reason for Mahmud's invasion of the region was to avenge the murder of his brother-in-law Ma'mun II, but according to modern sources he used the latter's death as an excuse to expand Ghaznavid rule over the Oxus River. In the same year, the Ghaznavid army deposed the Ma'munid ruler
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Mahmud II


members because of traditional, religious, and practical reasons. Mahmud II's portraits also give a valuable insight into his clothing mentality, as he switched to a more European-style and fez after 1826. On top of these reforms, Mahmud II was also critical in the establishment and flourishing of an Ottoman foreign affairs office. While he built upon Selim III's foundational elements of international diplomacy, Mahmud II was the first to create the title of Foreign Minister and Undersecretary in 1836. He placed enormous importance on this position and
486907
Mahmud II (mansa)


’s western provinces with Portugal witnessed the exchange of envoys between the two nations. Mansa Mahmud II received the Portuguese envoy Pedro da Évora in 1484. In the letter he sent back to King John II of Portugal, Mahmud claimed to be exceeded in power by only the sultans of Yemen, Baghdad, Cairo and Takrur. Mali lost control of Jalu during this period. Meanwhile, Songhai seizes the salt mines of Taghazza in 1493. That same year, Mahmud II sent another envoy to the Portuguese proposing alliance against the Fulas.
18907605
Nakşidil Sultan


largely attributed to the influence of his mother. Mahmud became sultan after having ordered the death of his half-brother, Mustafa IV, who had previously ordered the deaths of Mahmud II, and of their cousin, Selim III, whom he had deposed as sultan. There is a fanciful legend that she was Aimée du Buc de Rivéry, who had gone missing at sea in 1788, and was a distant cousin-in-law of the former Empress Josephine, wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. According to this myth, Aimée
10142079
History of Islam


the Sultan nor the Caliph sent an army west. Al-Mustarshid achieved more independence while the sultan Mahmud II of Great Seljuq was engaged in war in the East. The Banu Mazyad (Mazyadid State) general, Dubays ibn Sadaqa (emir of Al-Hilla), plundered Bosra and attacked Baghdad together with a young brother of the sultan, Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud. Dubays was crushed by a Seljuq army under Zengi, founder of the Zengid dynasty. Mahmud's death was followed by a civil war between his son
12946988
Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud


Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud (), was Sultan of the Ghurid Empire from 1206 to 1212. He was the nephew and successor of Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad. Ghiyath was the son of Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad, who was the brother of Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad. When Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad was assassinated in 1206 in India, the Ghurid Empire fell into civil war; the Turkish "ghulams" supported Ghiyath, while the native Iranian soldiers supported Baha al-Din Sam II. Baha al-Din
4071737
Sandaki (mansa)


the same time, he imprisoned the mansa for attempting to take back his authority. When Mansa Musa II died in 1387, the throne went to his brother Maghan II. Sandaki Mari Djata refused to give up power and killed him. From 1389 to 1390, Sandaka Mari Djata ruled Mali as the second of two non-Keita monarchs in the empire's history. The last brother of Musa II, Mahmud killed Sandaki Mari Djata in 1390. He became mansa that same year, restoring the Keita dynasty back to the throne
306137
Şehzade Mahmud (son of Mehmed III)


Şehzade Mahmud (; died 7 June 1603) was an Ottoman prince, the son of Sultan Mehmed III and Halime Sultan. He was the grandson of Sultan Murad III and Safiye Sultan, the half brother of the future sultan Ahmed I and the brother of Mustafa I. Şehzade Mahmud was born in Manisa Palace, when his father was still a prince, and the governor of the Saruhan Sanjak. His mother was Halime Sultan. Mahmud along with his brothers was educated by Mustafa Efendi, who was appointed by Mehmed in 1592. When
18569739
Şehzade Mahmud (son of Mehmed III)


December just six and a half months later. According to a source the cause of Mehmed's death was distress caused by Mahmud's death. Mehmed's son, Mahmud's half-brother Ahmed ascended the throne as Sultan Ahmed I. Mahmud who had been buried firstly obscurely, was honored with burial in a tomb built on the orders of his brother Ahmed, in Şehzade Mosque, Istanbul. Ahmed also sent Safiye Sultan to the Eski (old) Palace on Friday January 1604, along with his brother Mustafa. He also replaced
18569748
Mahmud II


Mahmud II ( "Mahmud-u s̠ānī", "Mahmud-u Âdlî"; ; 20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. His reign is recognized for the extensive administrative, military, and fiscal reforms he instituted, which culminated in the Decree of Tanzimat ("reorganization") that was carried out by his sons Abdulmejid I and Abdülaziz. Often described as "Peter the Great of Turkey", Mahmud's reforms included the 1826
486881
Mahmud II


the development of bureaucracy and Ottoman society as a whole. Mahmud had sixteen consorts: Mahmud had eighteen sons: Mahmud had eighteen daughters: The 2006 historical detective novel "The Janissary Tree", by Jason Goodwin, is set in 1836 Constantinople, with Mahmud II's modernising reforms (and conservative opposition to them) forming the background of the plot. The Sultan himself and his mother appear in several scenes. The 1989 film "Intimate Power", also known as "The Favorite", is adapted from a historical fiction
486909
Pahang Sultanate


by the Pahang princess were Raja Mahmud, and five daughters of whom the youngest was Putri Bongsu Chandra Dewi. Raja Mahmud was the father of Raja Sulong who ultimately became Muzaffar Shah II of Perak. Abdul Jamal was murdered in 1560 and was succeeded by his half brother Raja Kadir who came to the throne with the title of Sultan Abdul Kadir Alauddin Shah. During his reign, Pahang enjoyed a brief period of cordial relations with the Portuguese. In 1586, Abdul Kadir sent a block of gold bearing quartz as a present to
14811668
Ma'mun II


Abu'l-Abbas Ma'mun ibn Ma'mun (died March 1017) was the Ma'munid ruler of Khwarazm from 1008 or 1009 until his death, having succeeded his brother Abu al-Hasan Ali in that post. He was the son of Ma'mun I ibn Muhammad. The greatest threat to Ma'mun's rule came in the form of the Ghaznavid sultan, Mahmud of Ghazni. Mahmud viewed Khwarazm as a strategically important province, as it would allow him to widen the front against his biggest enemy, the Karakhanids of Transoxiana. When the caliph al
18355737
Ulugh Beg II


Ulugh Beg II also known as Ulugh Beg Kabuli (d.1502) was the Timurid ruler of Kabul and Ghazni from 1461 to 1502. Born the fourth son of the Timurid Sultan Abu Sa'id Mirza, Ulugh Beg was given the cities of Kabul and Ghazni by his father, governing first as a prince and then, after Abu Sa'id's death, as an independent monarch. His elder brothers, Ahmad Mirza and Mahmud Mirza, were given the rule of Samarqand and Badakhshan respectively, while another brother, Umar Shaikh Mirza, received Farghana
15236210
Mahmud Shah Durrani


, and Mahmud Shah ascended to ruler-ship. He then had a chequered career; he was deposed in 1803, restored in 1809, and finally deposed again in 1818. The elder brother of Dost Mohammad Khan, the chief of the Barakzai, Fateh Khan, took an important part in raising Mahmud Shah Durrani to the sovereignty of Afghanistan in 1800 and in restoring him to the throne in 1809. The son of Mahmud Shah Durrani Shahzada Kamran Durrani was always in trouble with Amir Fateh Khan Barakzai, the brother of Dost
7803800
Esma Sultan (daughter of Abdul Hamid I)


Esma Sultan (17 July 1778 – 4 June 1848) was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Abdul Hamid I, sister of Sultan Mustafa IV and Sultan Mahmud II. She was the adoptive mother of Valide Sultans "Queen Mothers" Bezmiâlem Sultan and Rahime Perestu Sultan. She was born in 1778 to Abdul Hamid I during his reign. Her mother was Sineperver, the 4th wife of the sultan. Her brother Mustafa was born in 1779 and Mahmud in 1785. Since Prince Mustafa was only 10 years old when Abdul Hamid
3341333
Ahmad Maymandi


was succeeded by his son Ismail as the ruler of the Ghaznavid dynasty. Mahmud, who had more administrative experience than his brother, claimed the throne for himself, and the following year managed to defeat his brother and gain control over the Ghaznavid dynasty. Mahmud quickly began increasing his independence from the Samanids, and eventually divided the Samanid state with the Karakhanids, ending the Samanid dynasty. The first "vizier" of Mahmud was a Persian named Abu'l-Hasan Isfaraini, who was chosen by Sebuktegin, although in reality, Mahmud
94684
Billy Smith (English footballer, born 1906)


joined Stockport County, where he played 36 times in four seasons (although his two appearances in 1939–40 were subsequently struck from the record as League football was abandoned due to the outbreak of World War II). Four of his six brothers were also footballers. Jack also played for South Shields and Portsmouth and the two played together in the 1934 Cup Final. Younger brother Sep played for Leicester City, and played against his brothers in the semi-final of the competition. Tom played for South Shields and later played for Manchester
4619790
Mahmud II of Johor


Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim Shah (1675–1699) was the Sultan of Johor, Pahang and Lingga (1685 – 3 September 1699). Born in 1675, he was the last in line of a dynasty of the Sultanate of Johor (founded by his grandfather, Sultan Alauddin Ri'ayat Shah II) descended from the Sultans of Melaka (Malacca). As he was still a young boy when his father Sultan Ibrahim died (16 February 1685), Sultan Mahmud II reigned under the joint regency
18398749
Blowing from a gun


building a minaret out of Ghilzai skulls. In 1803, when Shah Shujah Durrani ousted his half-brother Mahmud from power, he revenged himself on an ally of Mahmud, Ashik, by blowing him from a gun for having captured by means of treachery Shujah's and Mahmud's half-brother Zaman Shah Durrani, who had been king of the Durrani Empire prior to having been ousted by Mahmud in 1800. In 1880, Abdur Rahman Khan became emir of Afghanistan, and he swiftly gained the nickname "the iron emir"
3858015
Esma Sultan (daughter of Abdul Hamid I)


male member of the house of Osman I. Esma Sultan exercised great influence over her brother Mahmud during his reign of 31 years. Sultan Mahmud II died on June 29, 1839 at her palace in Çamlıca. Princess Esma was interested in British culture; she was said to have furnished her palace with Western furniture, putting all of the traditional Ottoman furniture in a storage room. After her death, all of her English furniture was put away in the same storage room and the old oriental ones taken out once again. She died
3341336
Şehzade Mahmud (son of Mehmed III)


Murad died in 1595, Şehzade Mehmed ascended the throne as Mehmed III, Mahmud came to Istanbul with his father. Upon ascending the throne, his father ordered the execution of nineteen of his own brothers and half brothers. In Istanbul, Mahmud was very popular with the Janissaries. Mehmed was disturbed by Mahmud’s eagerness to leave the palace and take up the role of warrior prince, especially since he himself had grown so fat that he could not campaign. Hoping to dispel his father’s worries over provincial rebellions and Safavid advances
18569740
Wilhelm Daser


Regiment (05 Jun 1918-15 Aug 1918); Delegated with the Temporary Leadership of the 18th Bavarian Reserve-Infantry-Regiment (15 Aug 1918-02 Sep 1918); Commander of the III. Battalion of the 18th Bavarian Reserve-Infantry-Regiment (02 Sep 1918-29 Sep 1918); Delegated with the Temporary Leadership of the 18th Bavarian Reserve-Infantry-Regiment (29 Sep 1918-09 Oct 1918); Commander of the II. Battalion of the 30th Bavarian Infantry-Regiment (09 Oct
14683608
Mahmud II


which was the second most important position in the hierarchy. A plain stone staircase at the "Altınyol" (Golden Way) of the Harem is called Staircase of Cevri (Jevri) Kalfa, since the events apparently happened around there and are associated with her. The vizier took the initiative in resuming reforms that had been terminated by the conservative coup of 1807 that had brought Mustafa IV to power. However, he was killed during a rebellion in 1808 and Mahmud II temporarily abandoned the reforms. Mahmud II's later reformation efforts
486886
Takvim-i Vekayi


-1878 period it published a total of 2119 issues - an average of slightly less than one a week. The "Takvim-i Vekayi" was first published under Mahmud II. The first publication was in the year 1831. Mahmud II's reign was at the beginning of the Tanzimat period of reform in the Ottoman Empire. Many of the reforms of this time period were heavily influenced by relations with Europe and new European ideas being taught in schools in the Ottoman Empire. Before Mahmud II, Selim III was one of
8509420
Gaetano Donizetti


was the younger brother of Giuseppe Donizetti, who had become, in 1828, Instructor General of the Imperial Ottoman Music at the court of Sultan Mahmud II (1808–1839). The youngest of the three brothers was Francesco whose life was spent entirely in Bergamo, except for a brief visit to Paris during his brother's decline. He survived him by only eight months. After the death of Bellini, Donizetti was the most significant composer of Italian opera until Verdi. His reputation fluctuated, but since the 1940s and 1950s his work
17168286
Mahmud Khalji


Mahmud Khilji invaded Gujarat. After capturing and saving Champaner, he continued his march upon Gujarat at the head of 80,000 horse. Soon Muhammad Shah II died and was succeeded by Kutb-ud-Din Ahmad Shah II. Mahmud Khilji had laid siege to Sultánpur. Malik Ala-ud-din bin Sohráb, Kutb-ud-dín’s commander surrendered the fort, and was sent with honour to Malwa and appointed governor of Mandu. Mahmud Khilji, marching to Sarsa-Paldi, summoned Bharuch, then commanded by Sídi Marján
15929469
Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Di Julang Mausoleum


Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Di Julang Mausoleum () is a historical tomb in Kota Tinggi District, Johor in Malaysia. It is situated in a village of Kampung Makam near Kota Tinggi town. Its main feature is the Tomb of Sultan Mahmud Shah II, who was the last ruler of Johor descended from the Sultans of Malacca. The tomb's legend is found in the book "Tuhfat al-Nafis". In 1699, during the reign of Mahmud Shah II, pirates were storming the shores of southern Johor, from Mersing to
5383192
Mahmud II (mansa)


Mansa Mahmud II, also known as Mamadou, was mansa ("king of kings") of the Mali Empire from 1481 to 1496. Mansa Mahmud II’s rule was characterized by more losses to Mali’s old possessions and increased contact between Mali and Portuguese explorers along the coast. In 1477, the Yatenga emperor Nasséré makes yet another Mossi raid into Macina, this time conquering it and the old province of BaGhana (Wagadou). In 1481, Fula raids against Mali’s Tekrur provinces begin. The growing trade in Mali
18907604
Mahmud II


provided a valuable personal example of good sense, and economy, organising the imperial household, suppressing all titles without duties, and all salaried officials without functions. Mahmud II dealt effectively with the military fiefs, the "Tımar"s, and the "Ziamet"s. These had been instituted to furnish the old effective military force, but had long ceased to serve this purpose. By attaching them to the public domains, Mahmud II materially strengthened the resources of the state, and put an end to a host of corruptions. One of the
486900
Mahmud II


salaries in an attempt to end bribery. In 1838 he founded two institutions aimed towards training government officials. In 1831, Mahmud II also established an official gazette, "Takvim-i Vekayi" (Calendar of Events). This was the first newspaper to be published in the Ottoman-Turkish language and was required reading for all civil servants. Clothing was also an essential aspect of Mahmud II's reforms. He began by officially adopting the fez for the military after the Janissary eradication in 1826, which signified a break from
486905
Bahram ibn Shahriyar


his son Mahmud II who released Ali from prison, gave him his aunt in marriage, and recognized him as the ruler of the Bavand dynasty. Faramurz agreed to recognize the authority of Ali, but Bahram resisted, until he was defeated. Bahram then fled to the court of Mahmud II, and requested his help. Mahmud supported Bahram for sometime, but later stopped doing so. Bahram then unsuccessfully to make the Ismailis murder Ali. In 1119, Ahmad Sanjar, with the aid of the Kakuyid ruler Garshasp II and several
8584083
Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Museum


the Japanese occupants. Following the independence of Indonesia, the building became the headquarter for the Kodam II/Sriwijaya Indonesian Army for a short period. The building was later transferred to the government of Palembang before finally converted into a museum in 1984. The collecting of objects for Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Museum was started in 1984 when the "rumah bari", an authentic limas house, was transported to a new location at Balaputradeva Museum. Some collections that were previously housed in the "rumah bari" was moved to Sultan Mahmud
8665049
Halet Efendi


Mehmet Sait Halet Efendi (1761–1822) was an Ottoman diplomat and politician, ambassador to Paris from 1803 to 1806 and later the favourite and Inner Minister of the sultan Mahmud II. He was ambassador to the court of Napoleon I until 1806, and was succeeded in this role by Muhib Efendi, who was ambassador from 1806 to 1811. In 1819 Halet Efendi brought the attention of Sultan Mahmud II to the power-grabbing activities of Ali Pasha in Ottoman Europe. As Mahmud II sent an army against Ali Pasha, the latter
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Battle of Ghazni (998)


The Battle of Ghazni was fought in 998 between the rival Ghaznavid forces of Amir Ismail and the rebel forces of his older brother Mahmud of Ghazni. On his death-bed Amir Sabuktigin had designated Ismail as his successor while Mahmud, the older brother who was involved in the Samanids civil war, was stationed in Nishapur. Upon receiving these news Mahmud contested Ismail's right to the throne and divested his charge of Nishapur to his uncle Borghuz and younger brother Nur-ud-Din Yusuf and marched upon Ghazni. Both armies met
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Mahmud Namik Efendi


he was asked to help negotiate the marriage of his cousin Princess Sabiha Fazila Hanimsultan, the only daughter of Prince Muhammad 'Ali Ibrahim Beyefendi of Egypt and Princess Zehra Hanzade Sultan, to King Faisal II of Iraq. The engagement was ended by the murder of King Faisal II, following a military coup on 14 July 1958. Mahmud died at the age of 49 from a stroke, at Cairo, Egypt on 13 November 1963, was buried at Khedive Tawfik Mausoleum in Cairo, then transferred to Sultan Mahmud II Mausoleum in Istanbul
19281967
Gujarat Sultanate


had generously restored Mahmud Shah II to the throne. Rana Sanga later invaded Gujarat and plundered the Sultanate's treasuries, greatly damaging its prestige. He died on 5 April 1526 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Sikandar. After few months, Sikandar Sháh was murdered by a noble Imád-ul-Mulk, who seated a younger brother of Sikandar, named Násir Khán, on the throne with the title of Mahmúd Shah II and governed on his behalf. Other son of Muzaffar Shah II, Bhadur Khan returned from outside
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Saliha Sultan (daughter of Mahmud II)


Saliha Sultan (; 16 June 1811 – 19 February 1843) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan Mahmud II and Aşubcan Kadın. She was the half-sister of Sultans Abdulmejid I and Abdülaziz. Saliha Sultan was born 17 April 1811 in the Topkapı Palace. Her father was Sultan Mahmud II, and her mother was Aşubcan Kadın. In 1834, when Saliha was twenty three years old, her father arranged her marriage to Damat Gürcü Halil Rifat Pasha. The marriage took place on Saturday, 24 May 1834 in the
1115592
Mihrimah Sultan (daughter of Mahmud II)


Mihrimah Sultan (; 29 June 1812 – 31 August 1838) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan Mahmud II, and his fourth wife Hoşyar Kadın. She was the half-sister of Sultans Abdulmejid I and Abdülaziz. Mihrimah Sultan was born on 29 June 1812 in the Topkapı Palace. Her father was Sultan Mahmud II, and her mother was Hoşyar Kadın, the adoptive daughter of Sultan Mustafa III's daughter, Beyhan Sultan. When time came to get her a husband, her mother resolved that she should make her
1594953
Mahmud Shah Bahadur


Bidar Bakht Mahmud Shah Bahadur Jahan Shah was the Mughal Emperor for a brief period in 1788 after Shah Alam II was deposed by Ghulam Qadir. Mahmud Shah Bahadur was the son of a former Mughal Emperor, Ahmad Shah Bahadur. He himself became emperor for a brief period in 1788 as a puppet of Ghulam Qadir, after Shah Alam II had been deposed and blinded. He was allegedly put to death in 1790 by order of Shah Alam II, supposedly for usurping his authority in 1788. Born as Prince Bidar Bakht, he
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Tomb of Sikandar Shah


of Mahmud Shah II and governed on his behalf. The nobles deserted Imad-ul-Mulk’s cause in favour prince Bahadur Khan later. Bahadur Khan marched on Champaner, captured and executed Imad-ul-Mulk. He had defeated his brother Latif Khan who had rebelled against him who later died of wounds. He then poisoned Nasir Khan and his other brothers. He ascended the throne in 1527 with the title of Bahadur Shah. Bahadur Shah raised the mausoleum in honour of his brothers, Sikandar Shah and others. James
20119152
Nazar Mahmud


Nazar Mahmud (, ; born February 18, 1988 in the USSR) is an Israeli-Druze figure skater. His father is an Israeli-Druze from the Golan Heights, and his mother is a Ukrainian Christian. Mahmud was born while his family were living in the USSR. They moved to Israel soon after his birth. The movie "The Syrian Bride" is loosely based on their family. Mahmud is a three-season competitor on the Junior Grand Prix. He, along with younger brother Ruslan Mahmud, are
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Barter Theatre


"Ain't Misbehavin" August 17 - September 8 at Gilliam Stage "The Bridges of Madison County" Sep 6 - Nov 11 at Stage II "Great Expectations" Sep 14 - Nov 9 at Gilliam Stage "Singin' in the Rain" Sept 27 - Nov 10 at Gilliam Stage "Sally McCoy" Oct 4 - Nov 10 at Stage II "Elf: The Musical" Nov 16 - Dec 30 at Gilliam Stage "Wooden Snowflakes" Nov 20 - Dec 23 at Stage II "The Santaland Diaries" Nov 28
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Rashid al-Dawla Mahmud


uncle, Thimal. Their first attempt proved unsuccessful; however, in 1060 they succeeded. In 1061, Mahmud's first reign came to an end when Thimal was given Aleppo, in an agreement imposed by the Kilab shaykhs. After Thimal's death in late 1062, Mahmud opposed Thimal's nomination of 'Atiyya (Thimal's brother) as his successor. Clashes followed between Mahmud and his uncle; 'Atiyya decided to call 1,000 Turcoman archers from Diyarbakır to aid him—the first free Turks to enter Syria. Mahmud was
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The Captive (1915 film)


who stars as Mahmud Hassan. The film details the romantic war-era plight of Montenegrin protagonist, Sonia Martinovich, and her Turkish lover, Mahmud Hassan. "The Captive" chronicles the life of a young woman named Sonia Martinovitch (Blanche Sweet) who lived during the midst of the Balkan Wars. She lives close to the Turkish border on a small farm in Montenegro with her older brother Marko Martinovich (Page Peters) and younger brother Milo (Gerald Ward). Nearby, a Turkish nobleman by the name of Mahmud
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Michael Angelović


of either Alexios or Manuel. He may have also been related to the noblemen Alessio and Peter Spani through Alexios III Angelos, who was possibly their ancestor. According to Laonikos Chalkokondyles, his brother was captured by the horsemen of Sultan Murad II, while traveling with his Serbian mother from Novo Brdo to Smederevo. His brother was abducted as part of the "devşirme" practice, and became Mahmud, later rising to the highest ranks of the Ottoman Empire, becoming beylerbey (governor-general) of Rumelia in 1451 and Grand
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Michael Angelović


Vizier in 1455. Michael served as an official at the court of Serbian despots Đurađ (r. 1427–56) and Lazar Branković (r. 1456–58). In the negotiations between Despot Lazar and Mehmed II in January 1457, the two sides were represented by the brothers Michael and Mahmud. Owing to his personal talents, as well as his unique ability to positively steer negotiations with the Ottomans due to his brother's position, Michael rose in rank in the Serbian Despotate, from "veliki čelnik" in the 1440s to "veliki vojvoda
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Mahmud II (Seljuq sultan)


royal cupbearer. Garshasp, however, escaped and returned to Yazd, where he requested protection from Mahmud's rival Ahmad Sanjar (Garshasp's wife was the sister of Ahmad). Garshasp urged Ahmad to invade the domains of Mahmud in Central Persia, and gave him information on how to march to Central Persia, and the ways to combat Mahmud. Ahmad accepted and advanced with an army to the west in 1119, where he together with "five kings" defeated Mahmud at Saveh. The kings who aided Ahmad during the battle
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Suleiman-Shah


Ghiyath ad-Dunya wa ad-Din ibn Muhammad (? - April 1161), better known by his regnal name of Suleiman-Shah (), was "sultan" of the Seljuq Empire from 1159 to 1160. Suleiman-Shah was the son of sultan Muhammad I Tapar. His mother was Gowhat Khatun the daughter of Isma'il bin Yaquti. His three brothers Mahmud II, Toghrul II and Mas'ud became the Sultans of the Seljuk Empire. He was formerly with his uncle, Sultan Sanjar, who had made him heir
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Manas family


Jozef (1835–1916) both served as imperial artists during the reigns of Mahmud II (1808–1839), Abdulmecid I (1839–1861), Abdulaziz (1861–1876) and Abdulhamit II (1876–1909). Since the brothers were assigned to the Ottoman Embassy in Paris, their portraits were distributed to other embassies throughout Europe. Rafael Manas (1710–1780) is the first member of the family to be known. As a youth he studied in Italy and upon returning to the Ottoman Empire, he was an artist for the royal court of Osman III
15569747
Manas family


in Vienna in the 1840s. Rupen Manas was the eldest son Zenop Manas. He was the chief interpreter of the Ottoman Embassy in Paris in 1847. He received a Mecidiye medal in 1854. Sultan Mahmut II sent Rupen Manas to Paris for training in art. He had his own portrait done in oils and then had it displayed at the Sublime Porte. The second son of Zenop, Sebuh Manas (1816–1889) was also sent to Paris by Mahmud II (much like his brother Rupen) to attain art training. In
15569749
Surrendered Enemy Personnel


Surrendered Enemy Personnel (SEP) is a designation for captive enemy soldiers (similar to Disarmed Enemy Forces). It was most commonly used by British forces towards German forces in Europe, and towards Japanese and associated forces in Asia after the end of World War II. On March 1, 1947 the U.S. stated that the SEPs should be regarded as POW's and be treated in accordance with the Geneva conventions. The designation of SEP allowed the Royal Navy to use the German command structure to facilitate the disbandment of the Kriegsmarine.
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Mahmud II of Johor


known as "Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Dijulang". The name Mangkat Dijulang was given in remembrance of the way he was killed ("mangkat" being the Malay word referring specifically to a royal death) while being carried ("dijulang") in a royal litter or dais. On his way back from Friday prayers, he was assassinated by one of his military chiefs. This military chief, Laksamana Megat Sri Rama (hailing from Bintan), was enraged. The famous legend behind the murder of Sultan Mahmud Shah II is
18398751
Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II International Airport


Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport () is an international airport serving the city of Palembang, South Sumatra and surrounding areas. It is located in the region KM.10 Talang Betutu District. It is named after Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin, the last Sultan of Palembang. At least as early as 1938, Palembang was served by a civil airport at Talang Betutu, operating as a Customs Aerodrome equipped with wireless and direction finding equipment, and basic ground facilities. For Allies the airport was known as Palembang P1 (or just P1). The
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Mahmud II


abolition of the conservative Janissary corps, which removed a major obstacle to his and his successors' reforms in the Empire. The reforms he instituted were characterized by political and social changes, which would eventually lead to the birth of the modern Turkish Republic. Notwithstanding his domestic reforms, Mahmud's reign was also marked by nationalist uprisings in Ottoman-ruled Serbia and Greece, leading to significant loss of territory for the Empire following the emergence of an independent Greek state. His mother was Nakşidil Valide Sultan. In 1808, Mahmud II
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Alemdar Mustafa Pasha


III and Mahmud II killed, succeeding in the former case. Alemdar Mustafa Pasha, seeing Selim III dead, gave fealty to Mahmud II (Selim's cousin), and he was instated the sultan, with Alemdar as his Grand Vizier. As vizier, Bayraktar purged the soldiers who had rebelled against Selim, removed conservatives from government positions and replaced them with men sympathetic to reform. Bayraktar modernized the army and navy and attempted to reform the Janissaries, but Mahmud, fearing a political backlash of the elite corps, halted such
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Ali I (Bavandid ruler)


, and was succeeded by his son Mahmud II who released Ali from prison, gave him his aunt in marriage, and recognized him as the ruler of the Bavand dynasty. Faramurz agreed to recognize the authority of Ali, but Bahram resisted, until he was defeated. Bahram then fled to the court of Mahmud II, and requested his help. Mahmud supported Bahram for sometime, but later stopped doing so. Bahram then tried unsuccessfully to make the Ismailis murder Ali. In 1119, Ahmad Sanjar, with the aid of the
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Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Museum


Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Museum is a municipal museum in Palembang, Indonesia. The museum is established inside a 19th-century building former of the office of the colonial resident of South Sumatra. The building also houses the tourist department of Palembang. The location of the present museum was originally the location of the Kuta Lama, the old palace of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin I (1724–1758), sovereign of the Palembang Sultanate. Following the abolition of the Palembang Sultanate, the palace of Kuta Lama was demolished by the British colonial government on
8665046
Index of Afghanistan-related articles


– Macrovipera lebetina – Madda Khel – Maghdud Khel – Magsi – Mahmud (Timurid Dynasty) – Mahmud Khel – Mahmud of Ghazni – Mahmud Shah Durrani – Mahmud Tarzi – Mahsud Khel – Mahsud – Mahwash – Maidan Shahr – Maiwand – Majah Ha Adrif – Malang Jan – Malek Military Center – Malik Ayaz – Malistan District – Mamund – Mandokhel – MarcoPolo Airways – Marina Golbahari – Marjan (lion) – Marri – Maruf District – Maruf – Marwan I – Marwan II – Marwand – Marwat – Marzban – Mas'ud I of Ghazni –
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Gujarat Sultanate


Begada. He expanded the kingdom in all directions. He received the sobriquet "Begada", which literally means the conqueror of two forts, probably after conquering Girnar and Champaner forts. Mahmud died on 23 November 1511. Khalil Khan, son of Mahmud Begada succeeded his father with the title Muzaffar Shah II. In 1519, Rana Sanga of Chittor defeated a joint army of Malwa and Gujarat sultanates and took Mahmud Shah II of Malwa captive. Muzaffar Shah sent an army to Malwa but their service was not required as Rana Sanga
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Mahmud II (Seljuq sultan)


Bursuqi, and Mas'ud was pardoned. In 1127, he appointed Anushirvan ibn Khalid as his vizier, but had him removed from the office the following year. In 1129 Mahmud officially recognized the authority of Zengi, who had supported him against a revolt led by al-Mustarshid, caliph of Baghdad, in Syria and northern Iraq. Mahmud, then aged 26, died in 1131. His death was followed by a civil war between his son Dawud, his nephew Mas'ud and the atabeg Toghrul II. His other son Alp Arslan
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Benderli Ali Pasha


Benderli Ali Pasha was an Ottoman statesman. He was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. He ruled from 23 March 1821 to 30 April 1821 as grand vizier of Sultan Mahmud II He came to Constantinople on 21 April 1821 and was actually only nine days in power. He was the last grand vizier, and was executed upon a clear order by the Sultan (Mahmud II). According to Ottoman biography textbook called "Sicill-i Osmani", on 12 April 1821 he was diminished by Sultan Mahmud and was sent to
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55th Air Defense Artillery Regiment


December 1941; a second detachment helped form the 804th CA (HD) Btry (Sep). Btry F at Sand Is. was designated the 807th CA (HD) Btry (Sep), while a second detachment helped organize the 715th CA (HD) Btry (Sep) 10-21-42. During World War II, various changes were made in the makeup of the 55th CA. The 55th CA (155 mm Gun) Regt was reorganized and HHB reconstituted and activated; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
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Sep Lambert


though, against Scotland in 1920 and against the Irish Military and Scotland in 1921. In all matches for Ireland, Sep Lambert scored 342 runs at an average of 20.12, with a top score of 60 not out against Oxford University in May 1902, his only half-century for Ireland and also his top first-class score. He took ten catches and no stumpings. Sep Lambert came from a cricketing family. His brother Bob was one of Ireland's finest cricketers, and his nephew Ham also played cricket for Ireland
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Mahmud Shah of Malacca


Perak and Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor. Ahmad Shah succeeded Mahmud when Mahmud mistakenly killed the Bendahara Tun Mutahir and the Bendahara's family after Raja Mudaliar accused Mutahir of planning a rebellion. Ahmad Shah was deemed incompetent and was killed by Mahmud Shah himself in 1513 after a failed attempt to retake Malacca from the Portuguese. Mahmud Shah then reclaimed the throne, although by then the Malacca sultanate had been abolished, thus making him a pretender. Muzaffar went north to establish the Sultanate of Perak while Alauddin Riayat went on to found
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Ahmad Shah II


some source twenty seven days. In 1459 his half-brother Fateh Khán, the son of Muhammad Shah II by Bíbi Mughli, a daughter of Jám Júna of Samma dynasty ruling from Thatta in Sindh; was seated on the throne at the age of little more than thirteen with the title of Mahmúd Sháh I, later popularly named Mahmud Begada. The close connection of Fateh Khán with the saintly Sháh Álam is frequently mentioned by with Gujarát chroniclers. According to the "Mirăt-i-Sikandari" (Persian Text, 66–70
11711726
Bahadur Shah of Gujarat


Battle of Panipat, though he did not take part in fighting. After death of Muzaffar Shah II in 1526, Sikandar Sháh succeeded. After few weeks in power, he was murdered on the instructions of his slave Imád-ul-Mulk Khush Kadam, who seated an infant brother of Sikandar's, named Násir Khán, on the throne with the title of Mahmud Shah II and governed on his behalf. Three other princes were poisoned. The only event of Sikandar's reign was the destruction of an army sent against his
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Jalal al-Din Ali


Din Sam II was supported by the native Iranian soldiers, while the Turkic "ghulams" supported another Ghurid prince named Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud. Baha al-Din Sam II, however, died a few days later, and was succeeded by Jalal al-Din, who, along with his brother Ala al-Din Muhammad, were supported by their father's supporters. Jalal al-Din shortly crowned Ala al-Din Muhammad as the ruler of Ghazni, and then went back to his capital, Bamiyan. However
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Mali Empire


the Yatenga emperor Nasséré made yet another Mossi raid into Macina, this time conquering it and the old province of BaGhana (Wagadou). Mansa Mahmud Keita II came to the throne in 1481 during Mali's downward spiral. It is unknown from whom he descended; however, another emperor, Mansa Maghan Keita III, is sometimes cited as Mansa Mahmud Keita I. Still, throne names don't usually indicate blood relations. Mansa Mahmud Keita II's rule was characterised by more losses to Mali's old possessions and increased contact between Mali
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Kumbha of Mewar


skills that he was able to defend his kingdom against this multi-directional attack. The death of Qutbuddin Ahmad Shah II in 1458, and hostilities between Mahmud Begada (the new ruler of Gujarat) and Mahmud Khalji allowed Rana Kumbha to recapture his lost territories. Rana Kumbha successfully defended Mewar and expanded his territory at a time when he was surrounded by enemies like Mahmud Khalji of Malwa, Qutbuddin Ahmad Shah II of Gujarat Sultanate, Shams Khan of Nagaur and Rao Jodha of Marwar. Kumbha is credited with having worked assiduously to
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Mahmud II


during his reign was the destruction of the Janissary corps in June 1826. He accomplished this with careful calculation using his recently reformed wing of the military intended to replace the Janissaries. When the Janissaries mounted a demonstration against Mahmud II's proposed military reforms, he had their barracks fired upon effectively crushing the formerly elite Ottoman troops and burned the Belgrade forest outside Istanbul to incinerate any remnants. This permitted the establishment of a European-style conscript army, recruited mainly from Turkish speakers of Rumelia and Asia Minor. Mahmud was also responsible
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Muhammad II ibn Mahmud


fire and casualties. In the meantime Nur ad-Din Zangi blamed his brother Qutb ad-Din for attacking the caliph's realm, which destroyed the Zengid-Seljuq alliance. Zayn ad-Din lifted the siege and returned to Mosul. Muhammad also was forced to lift the siege after his men informed him that his brother Malik-Shah III has captured Hamadan. He eventually realized that the siege was useless, so he preferred to fight for his throne. Thus the Siege of Baghdad came to end on the July 13
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Shamsunnahar Mahmud


Shamsunnahar Mahmud (c. 1908 — April 10, 1964) was a writer, politician and educator in Bengal during the early 20th century. She was a leader of the women's rights movement in Bengal after the death of Begum Rokeya. Mahmud was born in 1908 in North Guthuma village, Porshuram Upazila in Feni District. Her father, Mohammad Nurullah, was a munsiff. Khan Bahadur Abdul Aziz was her grandfather. Her brother, Habibullah Bahar Chowdhury was a politician. Mahmud started her studies at Dr. Khastagir Government Girls' School
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Mahmud of Ghazni


-i Zavuli" ("Mahmud from Zabulistan"). Not much about Mahmud's early life is known, he was a school-fellow of Ahmad Maymandi, a Persian native of Zabulistan and foster brother of his. Mahmud married a woman named Kausari Jahan, and they had twin sons Mohammad and Ma'sud, who succeeded him one after the other; his grandson by Mas'ud, Maw'dud Ghaznavi, also later became ruler of the empire. His sister, Sitr-e-Mu'alla, was married to Dawood bin Ataullah Alavi
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Al-Mansur Muhammad II


Al Mansur Muhammad II was the Ayyubid emir of Hama 1244-1284, son of Al-Muzaffar Mahmud and grandson of Mansur Muhammad I. He was the great-great grandson of Saladin’s brother Nur ad-Din Shahanshah. His mother was Ghaziya Khatun. Al Mansur came to the throne at a time when the Egyptian Sultan As-Salih Ayyub was consolidating his power. In spring 1247 As-Salih Ayyub set out for Syria where he met emir Al-Ashraf Musa of Homs as well as Al Mansur. Both were
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Alauddin Mahmud Syah II


Sultan Alauddin Mahmud Syah II (died 28 January 1874) was the thirty-fourth sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He reigned from 1870 to 1874 and was the last sultan to rule Aceh before the colonial invasion. He was the son of Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Ali Iskandar Syah (d. 1857) and a commoner wife. When his granduncle Alauddin Ibrahim Mansur Syah died in 1870 without living sons, Alauddin Mahmud Syah was enthroned, still a minor. He married Pocut Meurah Awan as his main wife. His main councilors were
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