MPL Communications [SEP] founder
MPL Communications


MPL Communications (which stands for McCartney Productions Ltd.) (NAICS 512230, SIC 2741) is the umbrella company for the business interests of Paul McCartney and was established in 1969. In addition to handling McCartney's post-Beatles work, MPL is one of the world's largest privately owned music publishers through its acquisition of other publishing companies. MPL is headquartered in London and New York City. The company was founded in February 1969 as Adagrove Limited but changed its name to McCartney Productions Ltd. in August 1969. One of the
14387655
Adrian Farrel


Adrian Farrel is a British engineer and author, specialising in developing computer network protocols for the Internet. He is active in the Internet Engineering Task Force. He was a founder of Aria Networks Ltd, who manufacture sophisticated, next-generation network modelling, path computation, and optimisation tools for MPLS, GMPLS, and IP networks, and served as their Chief Technology Officer for two years. He also runs a consulting company specialising in MPLS and GMPLS. Previously he was an MPLS architect and development manager at software house Data Connection
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Tata Communications


Network-to-Network Interface, Low Latency Ethernet and Ethernet Over MPLS. Ethernet over MPLS is a high-performance, global MPLS backbone that streams audio video, live broadcasts, and IP services with the scalability and security of a private network. Its Ethernet services are certified by the MEF—a worldwide non-profit organization dedicated to improving carrier-class Ethernet products and services. Tata Communications International Private Line offers customers a variety of routing, uptime, and service options for its customers global communications. It delivers voice
4588712
Richard W. Johnson (oceanographer)


& Cloud Cover Measurements with a Solid State Imaging System. No. MPL-U-26/89. SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA MARINE PHYSICAL LAB, 1989. Duntley, Seibert Q., Richard W. Johnson, and Jacqueline I. Gordon. "Airborne measurements of optical atmospheric properties, summary and review, 2." Final Report, 1 Sep. 1972-31 Jul. 1975 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, CA. Visibility Lab. 1 (1975). Duntley, Seibert Q., Richard W. Johnson, and Jacqueline I. Gordon
5133916
HSMP LSP


if it is unicast to the root. Direct communication among the leaf nodes is not allowed. HSMP LSP is an MPLS Technology, and it is one kind of multipoint Label Switched Path (LSP). Other kinds of multipoint Label Switched Path (LSP) will include: P2MP LSP and MP2MP LSP. IETF MPLS Working Group is standardizing the HSMP LSP. The LDP based HSMP LSP is standardized in http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-mpls-mldp-hsmp-06. The RSVP-TE based HSMP LSP is standardized in http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-mpls-rsvp-te-hsmp-lsp-01. HSMP LSP could be used in various scenarios, e.g.
20557300
Signal Transfer Point


. SEPs send signaling messages to other SEPs, but the messages are normally routed via the SEP's adjacent STPs. An STP's main function is to identify the best path for two SEPs to communicate. A typical application would be for two SEPs to agree on the use of a shared data path (e.g., using ISUP to initiate a voice call between a user on one SEP and a user on the second SEP). In this way, STPs route signaling messages (for starting, maintaining or finishing any kind of
21819468
Layer 2 MPLS VPN


A Layer 2 MPLS VPN is a term in computer networking. It is a method that Internet service providers use to segregate their network for their customers, to allow them to transmit data over an IP network. This is often sold as a service to businesses. Layer 2 VPNs are a type of Virtual Private Network (VPN) that uses MPLS labels to transport data. The communication occurs between routers that are known as "Provider Edge" routers (PEs), as they sit on the edge of the provider's network
11304193
Carl Eckart


California, San Diego (UCSD), a position he held until 1971. In 1946 he also became the first director of the Marine Physical Laboratory (MPL) of the University of California. The MPL was founded by Eckart, Roger Revelle, and Admiral Rawson Bennett to conduct geophysical research of common interest to the academic and naval communities. In 1948, the MPL became an integral part of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Eckart served as the fourth director of Scripps until 1950. Eckart contributed to geophysics by linking theoretical
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Fiducia IT


data center comprises around 6,720 square meters of space for IT equipment. In the first phase, about 60% will be occupied. The new data center is located approximately 10 km away from the backup data center. Fiducia claims to have one of the largest MPLS networks to communicate with the local systems of its partner banks. Together with the Postbank, Star Financial and GAD, Fiducia is the founder of Fiducia giropay GmbH, suppliers of the online payment process of the same name. Fiducia is also, together with GAD,
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Brian Brolly


Brian Brolly (21 October 1936 – 28 October 2006), was an English showbusiness entrepreneur. He was the managing director of Paul and Linda McCartney's MPL Communications, and then of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Theatre Company. He was a co-founder of the radio stations Jazz FM and Classic FM. Brolly was born in London. His father, Tom Brolly, was born in Belfast but played football for Millwall FC and Crystal Palace FC, and played four times for Northern Ireland. Brolly was educated at St
20311924
Mozilla Public License


makes the MPL a compromise between the MIT or BSD licenses, which permit all derived works to be relicensed as proprietary, and the GPL, which requires the derived work as a whole to be licensed under the GPL. By allowing proprietary modules in derived projects while requiring core files to remain open source, the MPL is designed to motivate both businesses and the open-source community to help develop core software. The one exception to covered source files remaining under the MPL occurs when code under version 2.0 or later is combined with
20528223
McAllen Public Library


McAllen Public Library, or MPL, is the public library system serving McAllen, Texas, United States. The library system's mission statement, which was approved by the library board in November 2008, is: "McAllen Public Library is a dynamic civic resource that promotes the open exchange of ideas through free access to information and connects a culturally diverse population with the global community. McAllen Public Library (MPL) serves the community of McAllen and the Rio Grande Valley through three branch libraries. The library system's collection includes audiobooks
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Telesphere


Telesphere is a nationwide Unified Communications as a Service provider for businesses. In 2003 Telesphere began providing highly secure cloud based voice and data services over a private IP MPLS network to mid and large enterprises throughout the United States and now also in Europe. Telesphere provides Hosted VoIP, Managed Video Bridging, MPLS Network Services, Private SIP Trunking, Mobile Integration and many other Cloud Communications services. Services are available regardless of the geographic location throughout out the United States. Telesphere was founded in 2000 and is backed and operated by investors who
9062627
MPLS-TP


Multiprotocol Label Switching - Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) is a variant of the MPLS protocol that is used in packet switched data networks. MPLS-TP is the product of a joint Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) / International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) effort to include an MPLS Transport Profile within the IETF MPLS and PWE3 architectures to support the capabilities and functionalities of a packet transport network. MPLS-TP is designed for use as a network layer technology in transport networks. It will be
235866
MPLS VPN


MPLS VPN is a family of methods for using multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) to create virtual private networks (VPNs). MPLS VPN is a flexible method to transport and route several types of network traffic using an MPLS backbone. There are three types of MPLS VPNs deployed in networks today: 1. Point-to-point (Pseudowire) 2. Layer 2 (VPLS) 3. Layer 3 (VPRN) Point-to-point MPLS VPNs employ VLL (virtual leased lines) for providing Layer2 point-to
8067394
Connection-oriented Ethernet


strong vendor support but little carrier support. As a native MPLS derivative, T-MPLS can be easily implemented over existing MPLS routers. However, T-MPLS has been stripped of the characteristics which originally made it attractive to carriers—control-plane automation, signaling, and QoS—and therefore has yet to prove its benefits for the transport network. T-MPLS OAM, defined in ITU Y.1711, is different from MPLS OAM and lacks powerful management tools that carriers typically expect. T MPLS was abandoned by the ITU
4744747
T-MPLS


T-MPLS or Transport MPLS is a transport network layer technology that uses extensions to a subset of the existing MPLS standards and is designed specifically for application in transport networks. Work to define T-MPLS was started by the ITU-T in February 2006. It was intended specifically as a connection-oriented packet-switched (co-ps) application offering a simpler implementation by removing MPLS features that are not relevant to co-ps applications and adding mechanisms that provide support of critical transport functionality. ITU-T ceased
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MPL Communications


company's first projects was the purchase of the rights to a film adaptation of "Rupert Bear" in early 1970. MPL publishing owns a wide range of copyrighted material – covering nearly 100 years of music – by composers including McCartney, Buddy Holly, Carl Perkins, Jerry Herman, Frank Loesser, Meredith Willson, Harold Arlen and many others, with songs, such as “Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody” (made famous by Al Jolson), "I'm Glad There Is You"
14387656
Multiprotocol Label Switching


using an adaptation layer, which adds significant complexity and overhead to the data stream. MPLS, on the other hand, simply adds a label to the head of each packet and transmits it on the network. Differences exist, as well, in the nature of the connections. An MPLS connection (LSP) is unidirectional—allowing data to flow in only one direction between two endpoints. Establishing two-way communications between endpoints requires a pair of LSPs to be established. Because 2 LSPs are required for connectivity, data flowing
490672
Maryam Durani


Malalai Maiwandi women's Internet Cafe on 25-Sep-2013 which is the first of its kind in Afghanistan. The girls could use the café for getting information about current affairs and obtain educational material, which is the main reason why she established the Café. Founder of House of learning (Institute of Modern studies for girls in Kandahar/Afghanistan), . House of learning provides more than 600 women with the opportunity to receive education in Business Management, Information Technology, English and Communications. The House of learning programs provides students with the skills
17677223
Kobalt Music Group


, Rhapsody, 7Digital, Beatport, Deezer, and Nokia. The acquisition also allowed Kobalt to begin supplying advanced data analytics to clients. After the AWAL acquisition, Kobalt formed the label services division Kobalt Label Services in 2012. In July 2012, Kobalt Music Group signed a deal with MPL Communications to exclusively provide administrative services to MPL in "the world outside North America, the U.K. and Ireland." The catalog included 1,200 songwriters such as Hugh Masekela and Paul McCartney, with classic songs such as "Baby It's Cold
13165524
Mozilla Public License


covered code may be distributed under the terms of the license version under which it was received, or any later version. If code under version 1.0 or 1.1 is upgraded to version 2.0 by this mechanism, the 1.x-covered code must be marked with the aforementioned GPL-incompatible notice. The MPL can be modified to form a new license, provided that said license does not refer to Mozilla or Netscape. Version 1.0 of the MPL was written by Mitchell Baker in 1998 while working as a lawyer at Netscape Communications Corporation.
20528225
L2TPv3


Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol Version 3 is an IETF standard related to L2TP that can be used as an alternative protocol to Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) for encapsulation of multiprotocol Layer 2 communications traffic over IP networks. Like L2TP, L2TPv3 provides a pseudo-wire service, but scaled to fit carrier requirements. L2TPv3 can be regarded as being to MPLS what IP is to ATM: a simplified version of the same concept, with much of the same benefit achieved at a fraction of the effort, at the cost of losing some
21966242
T-MPLS


scale work procedures. T-MPLS is a low cost Layer 2 technology that provides QoS, end-to-end OA&M and protection switching. The following ITU-T Recommendations exist for T-MPLS. These Recommendations will be superseded (i.e., replaced) by new revisions that apply to MPLS-TP and reference the joint work being understaken by the ITU-T and IETF. A further set of ITU-T Recommendations were at a draft stage when work on T-MPLS was halted. These may be resumed
13943424
Virtual Private LAN Service


Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) is a way to provide Ethernet-based multipoint to multipoint communication over IP or MPLS networks. It allows geographically dispersed sites to share an Ethernet broadcast domain by connecting sites through pseudowires. The term 'sites' includes multiplicities of both servers and clients. The technologies that can be used as pseudo-wire can be Ethernet over MPLS, L2TPv3 or even GRE. There are two IETF standards track RFCs (RFC 4761 and RFC 4762) describing VPLS establishment. VPLS is a virtual private network
4545360
Seyed Reza Naghbaei Langroudi


published in papers such as Resaneh (specialized in Communication) and Jahan-e-Eghtesad (which covers Economic topics) and a book titled "The Principles of Press & Broadcasting Journalism". However, his main endeavor was to compile a work useful for the Iranian so he directed his energy to put together "Lexicon Encyclopedia of Communication" published by Avina Publication. He has been in India for about three years (Sep. 2005 – Sep. 2008), while involved in doctorate studies in Mass Communication & Journalism. He defended
4013613
T-MPLS


work on T-MPLS in December 2008, in favour of MPLS-TP standardization. T-MPLS uses the same architectural principles of layered networking that are used in other technologies like SDH and OTN. Service providers have already developed management processes and work procedures based on these principles for use in networks that use those other technologies. In this way T-MPLS was intended to provide a reliable packet-based technology that is familiar and also aligned with circuit-based transport networking; it supports current organizational processes and large-
13943423
TopBT


where Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is deployed, Label Switch Routers (LSRs) exchange labels to decide forwarding paths for incoming packets. The routers in the MPLS core network are hidden from IP routing based traceroute and ping. Fortunately, as long as ingress and egress routers in the MPLS network appear on the traceroute path, the AS hops are not affected by MPLS. MPLS ping, when available on a TopBT host, can help calculate link hops to peers. For every packet a TopBT client sends or receives, the
17405416
Connection-oriented Ethernet


-T in favor of MPLS-TP in December 2008. MPLS-TP or MPLS Transport Profile is a profile of MPLS developed in cooperation between ITU-T and IETF since 2008 as a connection-oriented packet-switched (CO-PS) extension. Based on the same architectural principles of layered networking that are used in longstanding transport network technologies like SDH, SONET, and OTN, MPLS-TP provides a reliable packet-based L2 technology that is comparable to circuit-based transport networking, and thus aligned with
4744748
Multiprotocol Label Switching


's predominantly IP networks. MPLS is currently (as of March 2012) in use in IP-only networks and is standardized by the IETF in . It is deployed to connect as few as two facilities to very large deployments. In practice, MPLS is mainly used to forward IP protocol data units (PDUs) and Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) Ethernet traffic. Major applications of MPLS are telecommunications traffic engineering, and MPLS VPN. MPLS has been originally proposed to allow high-performance traffic forwarding and traffic engineering in
490675
MPLS local protection


MPLS Fast Reroute (also called MPLS local restoration or MPLS local protection) is a local restoration network resiliency mechanism. It is actually a feature of resource reservation protocol (RSVP) traffic engineering (RSVP-TE). In MPLS local protection each label switched path (LSP) passing through a facility is protected by a backup path which originates at the node immediately upstream to that facility. This node which redirects the traffic onto the preset backup path is called the Point of Local Repair (PLR), and the node where
10311211
Link protection


delays in the network. In order to avoid slow recovery, every IP link can be protected using protocols at the lower levels which will help the IP links to recover by itself instead of waiting for the IP routing table to change. For example, IP links can be realized by protected MPLS using Label Switched Paths – LSPs (IP over MPLS). MPLS based networks use fast re-route as its network resiliency mechanism. In MPLS fast re-route, MPLS data can be directed around a link failure without the
16468315
Multiprotocol Label Switching


entirely in hardware. However, advances in VLSI have made such devices possible. Therefore, the advantages of MPLS primarily revolve around the ability to support multiple service models and perform traffic management. MPLS also offers a robust recovery framework that goes beyond the simple protection rings of synchronous optical networking (SONET/SDH). MPLS works by prefixing packets with an MPLS header, containing one or more labels. This is called a label stack. Each entry in the label stack contains four fields: These MPLS-labeled packets are switched
490646
Remote surgery


team to use the same technology within Canada, this time using Bell Canada's public internet between Hamilton, Ontario and North Bay, Ontario (a distance of about 400 kilometers). While operation Lindbergh used the most expensive ATM fiber optics communication to ensure reliability and success of the first telesurgery, the follow on procedures in Canada used standard public internet which was provisioned with QOS using MPLS QOS-MPLS. A series of complex laparoscopic procedures were performed where in this case, the expert clinician would support the surgeon who was less
15421531
Connection-oriented Ethernet


T Y.1731 and G.8021, IEEE 802.3ah). PBT/PBB equipment leverages economies of scale inherent in Ethernet, promising about 30%–40% cheaper solutions compared to T-MPLS equipment with identical features and capabilities, making PBT a better overall return on investment. T-MPLS, as its name implies, is a derivative of MPLS that renounces all MPLS signaling features and, like PBT, uses a centralized control-plane to perform routing and traffic engineering. T-MPLS is currently being standardized only at ITU-T and enjoys
4744746
Jon Claerbout


of earthquake seismic data frustrating and decided to study atmospheric gravity waves during his PhD. His advisor was Theodore R. Madden and the title of his thesis was "Electromagnetic Effects of Atmospheric Gravity Waves". Claerbout is the founder of the Stanford Exploration Project (SEP), the first geophysical research consortium funded by the oil and gas industry. Claerbout has been a doctoral advisor to many of influential geophysicists who joined SEP such as Oz Yilmaz and Biondo Biondi. The term and concept of exploding reflectors in reflection seismology is often attributed to Jon
21388936
Advanced Composition Explorer


, the SEP sensors on ACE detected solar events that had unexpected characteristics. Unlike most large, shock-accelerated SEP events, these were highly enriched in iron and helium-3, as are the much smaller, flare-associated impulsive SEP events. Within the first year of operations, ACE found many of these “hybrid” events, which led to substantial discussion within the community as to what conditions could generate them. One remarkable recent discovery in heliospheric physics has been the ubiquitous presence of suprathermal particles with common spectral shape. This
15126361
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
557049
MPLS-TP


a continuation of the work started by the transport network experts of the ITU-T, specifically SG15, as T-MPLS. Since 2008 the work is progressed in a cooperation between ITU-T and IETF. The required protocol extensions to MPLS being designed by the IETF based on requirements provided by service providers. It will be a connection-oriented packet-switched (CO-PS) application. It will offer a dedicated MPLS implementation by removing features that are not relevant to CO-PS applications and adding mechanisms that
235867
Multiprotocol Label Switching


passed on to an MPLS tunnel, the router first determines the forwarding equivalence class (FEC) for the packet and then inserts one or more labels in the packet's newly created MPLS header. The packet is then passed on to the next hop router for this tunnel. The MPLS Header is added between the network layer header and link layer header of the OSI model. When a labeled packet is received by an MPLS router, the topmost label is examined. Based on the contents of the label a "swap",
490653
Minnesota Pipe Line


The Minnesota Pipe Line (or MPL) is a crude oil pipeline that runs from Clearbrook, Minnesota southward to the Twin Cities. Construction began in 2007 after the State of Minnesota approved the building permit, and ended in 2008; it is owned by Minnesota Pipe Line Company, LLC (MPL) and is operated by Koch Pipeline Company, a wholly owned, indirect subsidiary of Koch Industries. The original proposed route ran through an organic farm; the owners of the farm negotiated with MPL, as a result of which MPL
10050903
Messenger Premier League


at Messenger Park. MPL Grand Final week, traditionally the last week in September, kicks-off with the presentation of the Walls Medal for the best and fairest player on the Monday night. MPL Grand Final Day traditionally starts with the Farmers Grand Final Breakfast. The MPL Grand Final is then played at noon on the last Friday in September. The MPL was established in 1951 by four founding clubs – the Hawks, Speed, Hornets and Pelicans. From humble beginnings, the league grew to eight clubs by the 1960s and
11575632
HP Universal Print Driver


managed printer lists (MPLs) and managed print policies (MPP) to control access to devices and capabilities. These technologies are used with HP UPD in dynamic mode. If MPLs are used, then searching for devices is unnecessary. Users are presented with a predefined list of devices from which to choose. MPLs are XML files that can be created manually, with the HP MPA utility, or exported from HP Web Jetadmin. When the HP UPD is activated, it begins by searching the network for the MPL file as shown
16387230
Thrombopoietin receptor


The thrombopoietin receptor also known as the myeloproliferative leukemia protein or CD110 (Cluster of Differentiation 110) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MPL (myeloproliferative leukemia virus) oncogene. In 1990 an oncogene, v-mpl, was identified from the murine myeloproliferative leukemia virus that was capable of immortalizing bone marrow hematopoietic cells from different lineages. In 1992 the human homologue, named, c-mpl, was cloned. Sequence data revealed that c-mpl encoded a protein that was homologous with members of the hematopoietic receptor
20446073
Mozilla Public License


separate code files under the GNU GPL, GNU Lesser GPL (LGPL), or GNU Affero GPL (AGPL). In this case, the program as a whole will be under the chosen GNU license, but the MPL-covered files will be dual-licensed, so that recipients can choose to distribute them under that GNU License or the MPL. The initial author of MPL code may choose to opt out of this GPL-compatibility by adding a notice to their source files. It is explicitly granted that MPL-
20528224
MPLS-TP


is a low cost L2.5 technology (if the limited profile to be specified is implemented in isolation) that provides QoS, end-to-end OA&M and protection switching. In February 2008 the ITU-T and IETF agreed to work jointly on the design of MPLS-TP. Based on this agreement IETF and ITU-T experts will jointly work out the requirements and solutions. ITU-T in turn will update the existing T-MPLS standards based on the MPLS-TP related RFCs listed below. The following ITU
235869
Multiprotocol Label Switching


The similarity between Frame Relay, ATM, and MPLS is that at each hop throughout the network, the “label” value in the header is changed. This is different from the forwarding of IP packets. MPLS technologies have evolved with the strengths and weaknesses of ATM in mind. Many network engineers agree that ATM should be replaced with a protocol that requires less overhead while providing connection-oriented services for variable-length frames. MPLS is currently replacing some of these technologies in the marketplace. It is highly possible that MPLS
490642
Multiprotocol Label Switching


treatment by the core routers for each type, one has to establish a separate MPLS path for each type of traffic. Multicast was, for the most part, an after-thought in MPLS design. It was introduced by point-to-multipoint RSVP-TE. It was driven by service provider requirements to transport broadband video over MPLS. Since the inception of there has been a tremendous surge in interest and deployment of MPLS multicast and this has led to several new developments both in the IETF and in shipping products.
490663
The Bank of Industry


Energy Programme (SEP) to reflect the change in strategic direction. The SEP commenced with a Rural Electrification Project which involved the provision of long term financing for the installation of low cost micro-grid and stand-alone solar energy solutions in nominated off-grid rural communities. Between 2015 and 2016, micro-grid and stand-alone solar energy solutions were installed in 6 off-grid rural communities in 6 Nigerian States: Niger State, Osun State, Gombe State, Anambra State, Edo State and Kaduna State.
18783837
ATM Forum


also started in 1991. The MPLS Forum (which supported Multiprotocol Label Switching had begun in 2000. Those two merged in 2003 to become the MPLS and Frame Relay Alliance (MFA). In 2005, the ATM Forum joined forces with the MFA to form the MFA Forum, which was renamed to be the IP/MPLS Forum. In May 2009 the IP/MPLS Forum merged with the Broadband Forum. A widely adopted specification to emerge from the ATM Forum was the Circuit Emulation Service specification (CES). This specification
16090185
BT 21CN


MPLS switches, with the MPLS traffic carried over optical (DWDM) transport. They are completely unaware of customer IP traffic, and only switch based on MPLS tags (all customer IP traffic is encapsulated with an MPLS header by the metro node PEs). Native IP is only used by the core nodes for protocols such as MP-BGP, an IGP, LDP, and RSVP to exchange routing and label information between all core and metro nodes. The aim is to have approximately 10 core nodes. iNodes are the logical
2654324
Multiprotocol Label Switching


the LER. When forwarding an IP datagram into the MPLS domain, a LER uses routing information to determine the appropriate label to be affixed, labels the packet accordingly, and then forwards the labeled packet into the MPLS domain. Likewise, upon receiving a labeled packet which is destined to exit the MPLS domain, the LER strips off the label and forwards the resulting IP packet using normal IP forwarding rules. In the specific context of an MPLS-based virtual private network (VPN), LERs that function as ingress and/or egress
490650
Multiprotocol Label Switching


are mainly used for multicasting purposes. There are two standardized protocols for managing MPLS paths: the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) and RSVP-TE, an extension of the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) for traffic engineering. Furthermore, there exist extensions of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) that can be used to manage an MPLS path. An MPLS header does not identify the type of data carried inside the MPLS path. If one wants to carry two different types of traffic between the same two routers, with different
490662
Layer 2 MPLS VPN


, next to the customer's network. Internet providers who have an existing Layer 2 network (such as ATM or Frame Relay) may choose to use these VPNs instead of the other common MPLS VPN, Layer 3. There is no one IETF standard for Layer 2 MPLS VPNs. Instead, two methodologies may be used. Both methods use a standard MPLS header to encapsulate data. However, they differ in their signaling protocols. The BGP-based type is based on a draft specification by Kireeti Kompella, from Juniper Networks
11304194
MPLS-TP


provide support of critical transport functionality. MPLS-TP is to be based on the same architectural principles of layered networking that are used in longstanding transport network technologies like SDH, SONET and OTN. Service providers have already developed management processes and work procedures based on these principles. MPLS-TP gives service providers a reliable packet-based technology that is based upon circuit-based transport networking, and thus is expected to align with current organizational processes and large-scale work procedures similar to other packet transport technologies. MPLS-TP
235868
Marfanoid–progeroid–lipodystrophy syndrome


2016, it was discovered that the partial lipodystrophy associated with MPL is caused by loss of the C-terminal domain cleavage product of profibrillin and novel glucogenic protein hormone, which has been named asprosin. Due to asprosin deficiency, individuals with MPL eat less, and do not gain weight or develop symptoms of diabetes like insulin resistance. MPL patients burn less energy than normal individuals, but also consume less, and their net energy balance is moderately reduced. In contrast to MPL patients, whose asprosin is undetectable in the blood,
7795640
Metro Ethernet


and the service provider network uses Ethernet again as the underlying technology to transport MPLS. So, it is Ethernet over MPLS over Ethernet. Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) signaling can be used as site to site signaling for the inner label (VC label) and Resource reSerVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) or LDP may be used as Network signaling for the outer label. One restoration mechanism used in an MPLS based Metro Ethernet Networks is Fast ReRoute (FRR) to achieve sub-50ms convergence of MPLS local protection.
9367878
MPL-50


The MPL-50 (, "malaya pekhotnaya lopata-50", small infantry spade-50) is a small spade ( length), which was invented by the Danish officer in 1869 and used by rank and file military personnel in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union and its successor states since late 19th century. While nominally an entrenching tool, MPL-50 saw a wide range of wartime applications ranging from a close quarters combat weapon to a cooking utensil. The MPL-50 was invented in 1869 by the Danish officer Mads Johan Buch Linnemann. In 1870 it was
943146
September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
5363349
TPx Communications


TPx Communications (formerly TelePacific Communications) (also known as U.S. TelePacific) is a privately held provider of managed services including unified communications, managed IT services, connectivity (telecommunication, internet connectivity) cloud and business continuity services. TPx Communications offers voice services, local and long distance phone services, Internet access, UCx hosted communications, private networking, data colocation, voice over IP applications, MPLS, fixed wireless services, integrated and other data services, cloud computing, software as a service, business continuity, security and other
7092853
Ełk


a journalistic foothold in Masuria". In 1896, Polish and Masurian activists founded the Masurian People's Party in the city, which sought to resist efforts of German authorities at forced Germanization. The co-founder of the party was poet Michał Kajka, today honoured in Ełk with a monument in the centre of the city. From the start, the party was subject to severe repressions and attacks by Prussian authorities. In the German federal elections, the MPL received 229 votes in 1898 and 20 in 1912 in the Lyck constituency
12026892
Marfanoid–progeroid–lipodystrophy syndrome


, it appears in fact to be partial, being confined to the face, distal extremities, and the paravertebral and lateral regions of the buttocks. Normal amounts of subcutaneous fat are found in the torso over the chest and abdomen. As such, the breasts are normal in females with MPL. Individuals with MPL have an appearance of being prematurely aged, but this is not due to actual early aging and is instead due to their paucity of subcutaneous fat. As such, MPL is not truly a form of progeria. In
7795639
Kaltix


make Google's search engine as much as 5 times faster and was said, by its founders, to offer a way to compute search results nearly 1,000 times faster than what was possible using current methods in 2003. Kaltix is based on the work of Sep Kamvar, Taher Haveliwala and Glen Jeh when they were members of the PageRank Project at Stanford University as graduate students in 2002-03. Their purpose was to advance the PageRank algorithm developed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, the co-founders of Google. Their efforts
11493784
The Beeps


Sapphire Stream S2/Ep45 Apr. 29 Wash Those Socks! S2/Ep46 Dec. 12 The Bumps SEASON 3: S3/Ep1 Aug. 30 Up Down Hill S3/Ep2 Aug. 31 Caravan S3/Ep3 Sep. 6 Secret Garden S3/Ep4 Sep. 7 Bounceflower Tea S3/Ep5 Sep. 13 The Whale S3/Ep6 Sep. 14 Soggy Sockroaches S3/Ep7 Sep. 20 Stinkroots S3/Ep8 Sep. 21 Sing-a-long-a-beeps S3/Ep9 Sep. 27 History Book S3/Ep10 Sep. 28 What Goes Splat? S3
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Walther MP


The Walther MP ("Maschinenpistole") series is a family of 9×19mm Parabellum submachine guns produced in West Germany from 1963 to 1985 by Walther. There are two versions of the Walther MP: the MPK ("Maschinenpistole Kurz" or "short machine pistol") and the MPL ("Maschinenpistole Lang" or "long machine pistol"). The only difference between MPK and MPL guns is the length of the barrel, and that the MPL has 100 and 200 meter settings. The mechanism is simple blowback,
16046717
Macedonian People's League


The Macedonian People's League (MPL) was a leftist organization, founded in the USA. The foundations of the MPL were set by Smile Vojdanov in Pontiac, Michigan in 1929. In 1930, the first conference of the League was held in Toledo, Ohio, with Smile Vojdanov being elected as a chairman of the Central committee and Georgi Pirinski Sr. as a secretary. The first regular congress of MPL was held in Gary, Indiana in 1931, and since then the Macedonian People's League has been formed. Immediately
1923088
Tecemotide


Baxter International Inc. (Baxter), for the manufacture of tecemotide, and on GlaxoSmithKline plc (GSK) for the manufacture of the adjuvant in tecemotide called monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). If tecemotide is not approved until 2015, GSK may terminate its obligation to supply the adjuvant MPL. In this case, Oncothyreon would retain the necessary licenses from GSK required to have the adjuvant MPL manufactured, but the transfer of the process to a third party would delay the development and commercialization of tecemotide. GSK is developing the MAGE A3
4527103
Path protection


. In the latter case the tail-end represents the output or egress router in the path. There are a few protection techniques for MPLS very similar in the general concept to those for Optical Mesh Networks, such as link protection (e.g., MPLS local protection) and path protection. The path protection schemes for MPLS are as follow: This protection scheme is similar in a sense to Ring-based path protection and Dedicated Backup Path Protection (DBPP) schemes described before. Here, same traffic is transmitted over two,
16469010
Multiprotocol Label Switching


the help of label lookup tables. An MPLS transit router has no such requirement. Usually (by default with only one label in the stack, accordingly to the MPLS specification), the last label is popped off at the penultimate hop (the hop before the egress router). This is called penultimate hop popping (PHP). This may be interesting in cases where the egress router has lots of packets leaving MPLS tunnels, and thus spends inordinate amounts of CPU time on this. By using PHP, transit routers connected
490656
Multiprotocol Label Switching


a label even between the penultimate and the last MPLS router, with a label disposition always done on the last MPLS router: the «Ultimate Hop Popping» (UHP). Some specific label values have been notably reserved for this use: A label-switched path (LSP) is a path through an MPLS network, set up by the NMS or by a signaling protocol such as LDP, RSVP-TE, BGP (or the now deprecated CR-LDP). The path is set up based on criteria in
490658
Multiprotocol Label Switching


IP networks. However it evolved in Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) to allow the creation of label-switched paths (LSPs) also in non-native IP networks, such as SONET/SDH networks and wavelength switched optical networks. MPLS can exist in both an IPv4 and an IPv6 environment, using appropriate routing protocols. The major goal of MPLS development was the increase of routing speed. This goal is no longer relevant because of the usage of newer switching methods, such as ASIC, TCAM and CAM-based switching.
490676
Metro Ethernet


VLAN tags that allow differentiation of each part of the network. Logical differentiation of the physical network helps to identify the rights that the traffic has and to ease the management of hosts' access rights with respect to other users and networks. A Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) metro Ethernet network uses MPLS in the service provider's network. The subscriber will get an Ethernet interface on copper (for example, 100BASE-TX) or fiber (such as 100BASE-FX). The customer's Ethernet packet is transported over MPLS
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Signal Transfer Point


calls originated by the SEPs' attached users) while avoiding disabled intermediary STPs. A signaling message typically never goes directly from a given SEP to the destination SEP: the message would normally have to pass through the initiating SEP's adjacent STP so that it can be routed to the destination SEP. In some applications, however, SEPs might be directly connected with signaling links; this would typically be done to enhance robustness or performance between two critical SEPs. Such mesh network configurations are also common in Europe, where STPs have not
21819469
Christian Democratic Party (South Africa)


. He is the founder of the Christian Drama Workshop (CDW) and the Christian Fellowship of Ministries (CFM). He had been involved in politics since 1994, as councillor in the Pretoria City Council and member of the provincial legislator (MPL) for Gauteng. Botha was opposed to what he sees as secular/humanist and socialist/liberal factions within the African National Congress and the Democratic Alliance. The CDP's co-Federal Leader is Richard Botha. He had been involved in politics since 2000 when he joined the
1883510
Fibrelac


job taken on by the founders, to which the Company owes its name, was the laying of an optical-fibre cable under Lake Geneva, spanning a distance of about 100 km between Geneva and Villeneuve (Vaud). 2000-2001 Fibrelac designed and built a system of tubes and chambers for optical fibres which connects Geneva, Lausanne, Bern, Basle and Zurich, following the motorway. 2002-2004 Fibrelac launched the first commercial offer for an MPLS managed band-width in Switzerland. It also extends its network up
2642472
A Dark Room


the Nintendo eShop shortly afterwards. "A Dark Room" was created by Michael Townsend, the founder and lead developer of Doublespeak Games. It was released as a browser game on June 10, 2013. According to Townsend, the game was designed to tell its story entirely through environmental cues, rather than relying on exposition and dialogue. In July 2013, Townsend released the source code of the game on GitHub under the open source license MPL 2.0. Soon, Townsend was contacted by developer Amir Rajan, who asked for permission
9787976
Broadband Forum


originally published in 2004, was adapted for use with set-top box and Network Attached Storage units. The Forum's TR-101 specification (2006) documents migration toward an Ethernet-based DSL aggregation model (Ethernet DSLAMs). In May 2009, IP/MPLS Forum merged with the Broadband Forum. It had promoted the frame relay and Multiprotocol Label Switching technologies. Technical work of IP/MPLS Forum continued in a newly created "IP/MPLS and Core" Working Group of the Broadband Forum. The historical specifications from the
100441
Firefox


, code only licensed under MPL 1.1 could not legally be linked with code under the GPL. To address these concerns, Mozilla re-licensed most of Firefox under the tri-license scheme of MPL 1.1, GPL 2.0, or LGPL 2.1. Since the re-licensing, developers were free to choose the license under which they received most of the code, to suit their intended use: GPL or LGPL linking and derivative works when one of those licenses is chosen, or MPL use (including the possibility of proprietary derivative
1273223
Lyon Metro


Gare d'Oullins" on 11 December 2013. An extension to "Vaulx-en-Velin La Soie" on Line A opened in October 2007. By 2023, Line B will be automated, with the same system as Line D. New MPL 16 rolling stock has been ordered to Alstom in 2016 for Line B. The MPL 75 trains currently used on Line B will join the other MPL 75s on Line A to increase the capacity. The "Croix-Rousse-Croix-Paquet" rack railway, which was refurbished in 1974
16854068
Thrombopoietin receptor


superfamily. Presence of anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotidesu of c-mpl inhibited megakaryocyte colony formation. The ligand for c-mpl, thrombopoietin, was cloned in 1994. Thrombopoietin was shown to be the major regulator of megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet formation. The protein encoded by the c-mpl gene, CD110, is a 635 amino acid transmembrane domain, with two extracellular cytokine receptor domains and two intracellular cytokine receptor box motifs . TPO-R deficient mice were severely thrombocytopenic, emphasizing the important role of CD110 and thrombopoietin in megakaryocyte and platelet
20446074
Mozilla Public License


the Apache License, is included to protect an auxiliary distributor's further recipients against patent trolling. The contributors disclaim warranty and liability, but allow auxiliary distributors to offer such things on their own behalf. In exchange for the rights granted by license, the licensee must meet certain responsibilities concerning the distribution of licensed source code. Covered source code files must remain under the MPL, and distributors "may not attempt to alter or restrict recipients' rights" to it. The MPL treats the source code file as the boundary between MPL
20528221
Measuring network throughput


named ATM Adaptation Layer No. 5 or AAL5. Understanding throughput on ATM links requires a knowledge of which ATM adaptation layer has been used for the data being carried. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) adds a standard tag or header known as a 'label' to existing packets of data. In certain situations it is possible to use MPLS in a 'stacked' manner, so that labels are added to packets that have already been labelled. Connections between MPLS systems can also be 'native', with no underlying transport
2729856
Measuring network throughput


protocol, or MPLS labelled packets can be carried inside frame relay or HDLC packets as payloads. Correct thoughput calculations need to take such configurations into account. For example, a data packet could have two MPLS labels attached via 'label-stacking', then be placed as payload inside an HDLC frame. This generates more overhead that has to be taken into account that a single MPLS label attached to a packet which is then sent 'natively', with no underlying protocol to a receiving system. Few systems transfer files and
2729857
Yakov Rekhter


Yakov Rekhter is a well-known network protocol designer and software programmer. He was heavily involved in internet protocol development, and its predecessors, from their early stages. Dr. Rekhter was one of the leading architects and a major software developer of the NSFNET Backbone Phase II. He co-designed the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), the core routing protocol of the Internet. He was also one of the lead designers of Tag Switching (of which MPLS is one form), BGP/MPLS based VPNs, and MPLS
6562040
Yakov Rekhter


Traffic Engineering. Among his most recent activities is the work on MPLS Multicast, Multicast in VPLS, and Multicast in BGP/MPLS VPNs (aka 2547 VPNs). His other contributions to contemporary Internet technology include: GMPLS, Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) and IP address allocation for private Internets. He is the author or co-author of more than 80 IETF RFCs, and numerous papers and articles on TCP/IP and the Internet. His recent books include: "MPLS: Technology and Applications" (
6562041
Virtual routing and forwarding


were initially introduced in combination with Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), but VRF proved to be so useful that it eventually evolved to live independent of MPLS. This is the historical explanation of the term VRF Lite: usage of VRFs without MPLS. The scaling limitations of VRF Lite are resolved by the implementation of IP VPNs. In this implementation, a core backbone network is responsible for the transmission of data across the wide area between VRF instances at each edge location. IP VPNs have been traditionally deployed by carriers to provide a
7752479
Label Distribution Protocol


Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) is a protocol in which routers capable of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) exchange label mapping information. Two routers with an established session are called LDP peers and the exchange of information is bi-directional. LDP is used to build and maintain LSP databases that are used to forward traffic through MPLS networks. LDP can be used to distribute the inner label (VC/VPN/service label) and outer label (path label) in MPLS. For inner label distribution, targeted LDP (tLDP
7802639
MPL-50


patented and supplied to the Danish Army. The next year it was adopted by the much bigger Austrian Army, and Linnemann founded a factory in Vienna to produce his spade. It was later introduced to Germany, France, Romania and Russia, though only Russia recognized Linnemann's patent rights, and paid him 30,000 rubles and ordered 60,000 spades. The MPL-50 remained almost unchanged through its history in Russia and the Soviet Union; attempts to introduce a folded-handle design not being approved. The MPL-50 has a total length of ;
943147
Messenger Premier League


The Messenger Premier League (MPL) is a professional table tennis competition in Australia. The league comprises 16 teams which play against each other in 22 rounds between late March and late August. This is followed by a four-week finals series in September which culminates in two teams playing off for the Premiership in the MPL Grand Final. Minor round matches consist of one set, first to 21 points. In the finals and MPL Grand Final, matches consist of three sets, first to 21 points. All matches are played
11575631
Mobile Premier League


Mobile Premier League (also known as MPL) is a mobile e-Sports platform based in India. It is operated by Bangalore based Galactus Funware Technology Pvt. Ltd. Users can compete in multiple skill based mobile gaming tournaments on MPL. It was launched in September 2018 and as of April 2019, it claims a user base of more than 25 million. Users can download the MPL app from the Google Play store for android and Apple’s App store for iOS. Android users can also side-load the app from the
12366339
Mobile Premier League


Jek started as early as December 2018. On 24 April 2019, it was officially announced that MPL has raised $35.5 Million in Series A funding from lead investors Go-Ventures, Times Internet & Sequoia Capital India. On 15 April 2019, MPL signed up as a member of All India Gaming Federation (AIGF), which focuses on setting regulations & policies to govern the gaming industry in India. In April 2019, MPL entered into a strategic partnership with flipkart owned PhonePe. The partnership allows PhonePe users to play the
12366341
Mobile Premier League


teams in a contest. MPL claims to have over 20 games on its platform. These games vary from sports to arcade gaming genres. Most of the games are developed by independent game developers for the MPL platform. In March 2019, MPL signed up Virat Kohli as their brand ambassador for a duration of one year and planned to launch marketing campaigns ahead of IPL 2019. Kohli announced the partnership by posting a short video on his social media profiles. A TVC Campaign #GameKheloHeroBano, featuring Virat Kohli was launched in April 2019
12366344
Virtual private network


form of 12-byte strings, beginning with an 8-byte route distinguisher (RD) and ending with a 4-byte IPv4 address. RDs disambiguate otherwise duplicate addresses in the same PE. PEs understand the topology of each VPN, which are interconnected with MPLS tunnels, either directly or via P routers. In MPLS terminology, the P routers are Label Switch Routers without awareness of VPNs. The virtual router architecture, as opposed to BGP/MPLS techniques, requires no modification to existing routing protocols such as BGP. By the provisioning of logically independent
16229237
Ernest Nierras


Nierras also mentored the club when it was competing at the United Football League Nierras has coached the women's team of the Muntinlupa-Parañaque-Las Piñas F.A. (MPL-FA). The under-17 team under Nierras won the 2006 PFF National Women's U-17 Championship which was held in San Carlos, Negros Occidental in May. MPL-FA defeated Iloilo in the finals with the scoreline of 2-1 at the finals held at the San Julio Realty Football Field. MPL-FA became the first associate member of the Philippine Football
19209421
Mozilla Public License


-licensed and proprietary parts, meaning that all or none of the code in a given source file falls under the MPL. An executable consisting solely of MPL-covered files may be sublicensed, but the licensee must ensure access to or provide all the source code within it. Recipients can combine licensed source code with other files under a different, even proprietary license, thereby forming a "Larger Work" which can be distributed under any terms, but again the MPL-covered source files must be made freely available. This
20528222
Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching


Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) is a protocol suite extending MPLS to manage further classes of interfaces and switching technologies other than packet interfaces and switching, such as time division multiplexing, layer-2 switching, wavelength switching and fiber-switching. Generalized MPLS differs from traditional MPLS in that it extends support to multiple types of switching such as TDM, wavelength and fiber (port) switching. For instance, GMPLS is the "de facto" control plane of wavelength switched optical network (WSON). The support for the
4079690
Multiprotocol Label Switching


Now, therefore, the main application of MPLS is to implement limited traffic engineering and layer 3 / layer 2 “service provider type” VPNs over IPv4 networks. Besides GMPLS, the main competitors to MPLS are Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), Provider Backbone Bridges (PBB), and MPLS-TP. These also provide services such as service provider layer 2 and layer 3 VPNs. L2TPv3 has been suggested as a competitor, but has not reached any wider success. Some internet providers are offering different services to customers along
490677
Metro Ethernet


For each deployment situation the benefit versus cost of MPLS must be weighed carefully, so if not implemented on a carrier's distribution network there might be more benefit for MPLS the core network. In some situations the cost may not warrant the benefits, particularly if sub 50ms convergence time is already being achieved with pure Ethernet. A comparison of MPLS-based Metro Ethernet against a pure Ethernet MAN: Some service providers deployed metro Ethernet networks using fixed wireless technology. These networks commonly are engineered with a majority of the network traffic using
9367879
The Beeps


/Ep20 Sep. 19 Bouncy Bouncy Beep Beep S2/Ep21 Sep. 19 Big Beepday Bash S2/Ep22 Sep. 20 Yuk Says No S2/Ep23 Sep. 24 Wheely Helpful S2/Ep24 Sep. 25 Teeny Beep Takes Off S2/Ep25 Sep. 26 Carnival S2/Ep26 Sep. 27 Peas and Beeps S2/Ep27 Apr. 25 Stuck on You! S2/Ep28 Dec. 9 Hole Lot of Trouble S2/Ep29 Dec. 15 A Little Adventure S2/Ep30 Dec. 16 The Lost Houses S2/Ep31 May 1 Bounceberry Pie S2/Ep32 Dec. 23
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