Gisela von Arnim [SEP] languages spoken or written
Gisela von Arnim


Gisela von Arnim (also Giesela; August 30, 1827 in Berlin – April 4, 1889 in Florence) was a German writer, mainly of fairy tales. Gisela was the youngest child of Achim and Bettina von Arnim. She was not formally educated, being taught only by her sisters. In her youth she read fairy tales and Romantic poetry, especially the works of Wilhelm Hauff, and began to write fairy tales herself. With her sisters she started the "Kaffeter circle", first a group for young women and
18196178
Herman Grimm


Herman attended the Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium in Berlin. He belonged to a clique associated with Bettina von Arnim (1785-1859), wife of the late poet Achim von Arnim (1781-1831), and started publishing drama and novels. He began legal and philological studies at the universities of Berlin and Bonn. In 1857 he visited Rome where the artistic circle of Peter von Cornelius brought his interests to art. In 1859, he married Gisela von Arnim (1827-1889), the Arnim's daughter, and published
19464265
Bettina von Arnim


first was her brother, the second her husband. Her daughter Gisela von Arnim became a prominent writer as well. Her nephews, via her brother Christian, were Franz and Lujo Brentano. Bettina von Arnim was born at Frankfurt am Main, into the large family of an Italian merchant. Her grandmother, Sophie von La Roche, was a novelist, and her brother was Clemens Brentano, the great poet known for his lyric poems, libretti, and Singspiele. He was a mentor and protector to her and inspired her to
10001735
Musical cryptogram


B-E-S-E-D-H. Johannes Brahms used B-A-H-S ("B-flat, A, B-natural, E-flat") for his surname in the A-flat minor organ fugue, and the mixed language Gis-E-La ("G-sharp, E, A") for Gisela von Arnim, among many examples. The 'French' method of generating cryptograms arose late in the 19th century and was more akin to normal encipherment
329244
F-A-E Sonata


the following dedication on the original score: "F.A.E.: In Erwartung der Ankunft des verehrten und geliebten Freundes JOSEPH JOACHIM schrieben diese Sonate R.S., J.B., A.D." ("F.A.E.: In expectation of the arrival of their revered and beloved friend, Joseph Joachim, this sonata was written by R.S., J.B., A.D."). The composers presented the score to Joachim on 28 October at a "soirée" in the Schumann household, which Bettina von Arnim and her daughter Gisela also attended. The composers challenged Joachim to determine
21636237
Achim von Arnim


In 1810 he affianced Brentano's sister Bettina, who won wide recognition as a writer in her own right. They married on 11 March 1811; their daughter Gisela (one of seven children) became a writer as well. Shortly after their marriage the couple went on to visit Goethe in to Weimar, however, the reunion was overshadowed by a heated quarrel between Bettina and Goethe's wife Christiane. In Berlin, Achim worked on Heinrich von Kleist's legacy and founded the patriotic "Deutsche Tischgesellschaft" association of Christian men.
16396787
Iris von Arnim


, Valentin von Arnim, her son, joined the company. Since 2009 he is general manager. In 2010, Iris von Arnim formed a joint venture with Claudia Schiffer to develop the Claudia Schiffer Cashmere Collection. Mrs. Schiffer is creative director and von Arnim is responsible for product development, production and worldwide Sales. In April 2011, von Arnim was awarded the Thuringian Order of Merit for her role in the Apolda European Design Award and therefore for her support of the region. In November 2012 Iris von Arnim opened a store in
17487439
Harry von Arnim


Count Harry von Arnim (3 October 1824 – 19 May 1881) was a German diplomat. He was born at the Moitzelfitz estate in Pomerania. He was brought up by his uncle Heinrich von Arnim, who was Prussian ambassador at Paris and foreign minister in March 1848, while Count Arnim-Boytzenburg, whose daughter Harry von Arnim afterwards married, was prime minister. Harry von Arnim studied law and entered the diplomatic service. After serving in some other posts, he was appointed ambassador to the Pope in 1864, and during
223879
Achim von Arnim


Carl Joachim Friedrich Ludwig von Arnim (26 January 1781 – 21 January 1831), better known as Achim von Arnim, was a German poet, novelist, and together with Clemens Brentano and Joseph von Eichendorff, a leading figure of German Romanticism. Arnim was born in Berlin, descending from a Brandenburgian "Uradel" noble family first mentioned in 1204. His father was the Prussian chamberlain ("Kammerherr") Joachim Erdmann von Arnim (1741–1804), royal envoy in Copenhagen and Dresden, later active as the director of the
16396781
Iris von Arnim


the city center of Munich. In June 2013, the original flagship store on the North Frisian Island of Sylt was redesigned and opened with three times the space. In July 2013 the Iris von Arnim e-store was launched. In August 2013 Iris von Arnim presented the first menswear collection which is called Iris von Arnim UOMO. The collection includes 15 styles, from fine knitted hoodies to chunky hand knitted sweaters and cardigans, each distinguished through particular details and craftsmanship. In October 2013 Iris Von Arnim opened a temporary store in
17487440
Elizabeth von Arnim


1891, Elizabeth married Henning August, "Graf" von Arnim-Schlagenthin, a Prussian aristocrat, whom she had met during an Italian tour with her father. They lived in Berlin and eventually moved to the countryside where, in Nassenheide, Pomerania (now in Poland), the Arnims had their family estate. The couple had five children, four daughters and a son. The children's tutors at Nassenheide included E. M. Forster and Hugh Walpole. In 1908, Arnim left Nassenheide to return to London. Count von Arnim
16546908
Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg


Adolf Heinrich Graf von Arnim-Boitzenburg (10 April 1803 – 8 January 1868) was a German statesman. He served as the first Minister President of Prussia for ten days during the Revolution of 1848. Arnim was born in the Prussian capital Berlin, the son of envoy Friedrich Abraham Wilhelm von Arnim (1767–1812) and his wife Georgine von Wallmoden-Grimborn (1770–1859), a daughter of the Hanoverian field marshal and art collector Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn and thereby presumably a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain
13528975
Hans-Jürgen von Arnim


Hans-Jürgen von Arnim (; 4 April 1889 – 1 September 1962) was a German general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II who commanded several armies. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Von Arnim joined the German Army in 1907 and took part in World War I. After the war, he remained in the Reichswehr and then the Wehrmacht. Arnim commanded the 52nd Infantry Division in both the Battles for Poland and France. In October 1940, Arnim was given command of
7752056
Elizabeth von Arnim


Elizabeth von Arnim (31 August 1866 – 9 February 1941), born Mary Annette Beauchamp, was an Australian-born British novelist. By marriage she became Countess von Arnim-Schlagenthin, and after her second marriage she was styled as Elizabeth Russell, Countess Russell. Although known in her early life as Mary, after the publication of her first book, she was known to her readers, eventually to her friends, and finally even to her family as Elizabeth and she is now invariably referred to as Elizabeth von Arnim.
16546906
German destroyer Z11 Bernd von Arnim


Arnim", turned his ship to the north-east, closer to the heavy cruiser . The ships exchanged fire without effect for an hour until "Hipper" came within range and sank "Glowworm" shortly afterward. The German destroyers reached the Ofotfjord on the morning of 9 April and Commodore Friedrich Bonte took his flagship "Wilhelm Heidkamp", "Bernd von Arnim" and "Georg Thiele" down the fjord to Narvik. A heavy snowstorm allowed "von Arnim" and "Thiele" to enter the harbor without challenge
1518307
Ferdinand von Arnim


Heinrich Ludwig Ferdinand von Arnim (15 September 1814 – 23 March 1866) was a German architect and watercolour-painter. He was a student of Karl Friedrich Schinkel and mainly worked in Berlin and Potsdam. Arnim was born in Treptow an der Rega in Pomerania (present-day Trzebiatów, Poland), the son of Prussian Captain Friedrich Ludwig von Arnim and his wife Henriette, née Gadebusch. He trained as a land surveyor and studied architecture at the Royal Prussian Building School ("Bauakademie") in Berlin between 1833 and
17896006
Frank Russell, 2nd Earl Russell


couple separated in 1919. However, they never divorced. Von Arnim famously caricatured Russell in her 1921 novel "Vera" and in response he whitewashed her from his memoirs written in 1923. At the start of the Second World War von Arnim moved to the United States, where she died in 1941. Earl Russell had no children, but his second and third marriages brought him several stepchildren. His second wife Marion had one son by her first husband and two sons by her second husband. His third wife Elizabeth had five
6650680
German destroyer Z11 Bernd von Arnim


. "Bernd von Arnim" was spotted by the British destroyer in a storm on the morning of 8 April and the ship turned away to the north-west at full speed after laying a smoke screen. The German ship was suffering damage from the heavy seas at and was forced to reduce speed to after she had lost two men overboard. The British destroyer was better suited for the conditions and began to close on "Bernd von Arnim". Lieutenant Commander ("Korvettenkapitän") Curt Rechel, captain of "von
1518306
Georg Gustav von Arnim


Georg Gustav von Arnim (Schloss Suckow, September 26, 1870 – Schloss Suchow, August 28, 1945), 6th Lord of the Fideicomis of Suckow in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, was a German military officer and nobleman, son of Georg Abraham Constantin von Arnim and wife Rosalie Augusta Carolina Johanna Ulrika von Schnehen. He was a chamberlain of the King of Prussia, captain of the Prussian Dragoons and a Knight of the Order of St. John. He married in Berlin on September 26, 1893, Hulda Elisabeth
7285543
Georg Abraham Constantin von Arnim


Georg Abraham Constantin von Arnim (Schloss Suckow, 10 December 1839 – Berlin, 7 July 1879), 5th Lord of the Fideicomis of Suckow in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Lord of Nemidchlof and Neu-Körtnitz, was a German Military and Nobleman, son of Georg Wilhelm von Arnim and wife Marie Josephine Ernestine Adamine Gräfin von Blumenthal. He was a Lieutenant of the Prussian Army and a Knight of Honour of the Order of St. John. He married secondly in Klützow on 13 September 1867 Rosalie Augusta Carolina Johanna
7507075
Written language


A written language is the representation of a spoken or gestural language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will pick up spoken language or sign language by exposure even if they are not formally instructed. A written language exists only as a complement to a specific spoken language, and no natural language is purely written. Written languages change more slowly than corresponding spoken languages. When at least one register of a language is strongly divergent from spoken language, the
6491021
Friedrich von Holstein


ambassador in Paris, Harry von Arnim. Von Arnim was a patroniser of the French royalists and a fierce opponent of Chancellor Bismarck, who finally enforced Arnim's discharge and conviction for breach of secrecy. Holstein returned to Berlin, where he assumed office as legation secretary in the "Auswärtiges Amt" in 1876, both an essential and a suspiciously eyed associate of Bismarck, who behind his back called him a "hyena". Holstein's career as an "éminence grise" was promoted by Bismarck's dismissal in 1890. The
7504942
Dicziunari Rumantsch Grischun


The Dicziunari Rumantsch Grischun (abbreviation DRG) is the biggest dictionary of the Romansh language. Founded in 1904 by the Indo-Europeanist Robert von Planta and the Societad Retorumantscha, which still bears the responsibility for editing it. It comprises the Romansh dialects and idioms spoken in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. The term "Rumantsch Grischun" means "the Romansh language spoken in Graubünden" and should not be confused with the standard written language (Dachsprache) created in the 20th century with the name of Rumantsch Grischun. The first 13
15448703
BCMC College of Engineering & Technology


Course; 03-months course 2. English Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 3. Spanish Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 4. German (Deutsch) Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 5. Arabic Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 6. Japanese Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 7. Korean Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 8. Chinese Language Training Course (Spoken &
1156668
Bettina von Arnim


her closest friends Goethe, Beethoven, and Pückler and tried to foster artistic agreement among them. Many leading composers of the time, including Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johanna Kinkel, and Johannes Brahms, admired her spirit and talents. As a composer, von Arnim's style was unconventional, molding and melding favorite folk melodies and historical themes with innovative harmonies, phrase lengths, and improvisations that became synonymous with the music of the era. She was closely related to the German writers Clemens Brentano and Achim von Arnim: the
10001734
German destroyer Z11 Bernd von Arnim


provided to the turbines by six high-pressure Benson boilers with superheaters. "Bernd von Arnim" carried a maximum of of fuel oil which was intended to give a range of at , but the ship proved top-heavy in service and 30% of the fuel had to be retained as ballast low in the ship. The effective range proved to be only at . "Bernd von Arnim" carried five 12.7 cm SK C/34 guns in single mounts with gun shields, two each superimposed, fore and aft. The fifth
1518300
Arnulf von Arnim


Arnulf von Arnim (born 1947 in Hamburg) is a German classical pianist and teacher. Von Arnim studied in Germany and France and attended classes by Claudio Arrau and Wilhelm Kempff. He is the winner of several prizes - Viotti (Vercelli), Busoni (Bolzano). He has recorded concertos and sonatas by Schubert, Schumann, Liszt and others. He appears often as a jury member at major international piano contests. In 1988, he started the Accademia Internazionale Estiva di Cervo with his wife Elfe, a meeting forum for
22020157
Children of the Rune


fall of the Keltica Republic. When he failed to kill Duke Arnim, he was captured by the kingdom's 8th Corp. After suffering immense torture, he escaped prison with the help of the Arnim family itself. He goes into hiding at Neyaffle. Evenoa von Arnim (이브노아 폰 아르님) – Elder sister of Joshua. She is mentally retarded, but she sometimes wins against Joshua at chess. Both she and Joshua like each other, and Joshua is shocked when she died of poisoning. Hispanie von Arnim (히스파니에 폰 아르님
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Bettina von Arnim


to her 1811 marriage to von Arnim diminished her productivity, several art songs from the period have been recovered and have been published in "Werke und Briefe". Von Arnim was the first composer to set the poet Hölderlin's work to music. She was a muse to the progressives of Prussia, linked to the socialist movement and an advocate for the oppressed Jewish community. She published two politically dissident works but evaded chastisement because of her friendship with the King of Prussia. After the 1831 death of her husband, Bettina continued
10001741
German destroyer Z11 Bernd von Arnim


Z11 "Bernd von Arnim" was a built for Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine" in the late 1930s. At the beginning of World War II, the ship was initially deployed to blockade the Polish coast, but she was quickly transferred to the German Bight to lay minefields in German waters. In late 1939 the ship made one successful minelaying sortie off the English coast that claimed one British warship and seven merchant ships. During the early stages of the Norwegian Campaign, "Bernd von Arnim" fought the British destroyer while transporting
1518298
German destroyer Z11 Bernd von Arnim


" was initially deployed in the Baltic to operate against the Polish Navy and to enforce a blockade of Poland, but she was soon transferred to the German Bight where she joined her sisters in laying defensive minefields. The ship also patrolled the Skagerrak to inspect neutral shipping for contraband goods. "Bernd von Arnim" joined the other destroyers in laying minefields off the British coast in November, when "Bernd von Arnim", "Hermann Künne" and "Wilhelm Heidkamp" laid about 180 magnetic mines in the middle of the Thames
1518303
German destroyer Z11 Bernd von Arnim


snow, despite the short range. "Von Arnim" lowered boats to rescue the surviving Norwegian sailors and was able to pick up 96 men together with boats from the merchantmen in harbor. "Von Arnim" and "Thiele" were the first to refuel from the single tanker that had made it safely to Narvik and later moved to the Ballangenfjord, a southern arm of the Ofotfjord, closer to the entrance. Shortly before dawn on 10 April, the five destroyers of the British 2nd Destroyer Flotilla surprised the five German destroyers
1518309
The Faithful Hussar


been published, the exact wording and the correspondence with later versions can not currently be verified. In 1808 Achim von Arnim and Clemens Brentano in the third volume of their collection "Des Knaben Wunderhorn" published a version of the text under the title "" (The good seven). Achim von Arnim had compiled from this text from five different versions, that had been recorded by Bernhard Joseph Docen, Auguste Pattberg, Bettina von Arnim and two unknown senders. In 1816 Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching first published a melody to the
2040577
Language development


more skilled. Kroll considers the second phase in writing development to be consolidation. Here, children begin to consolidate spoken and written language. In this phase children's writing skills rely heavily on their spoken language skills, and their written and spoken language becoming integrated. Children's written language skills become stronger as they use their spoken language skills to improve their writing. Then in turn, when a development in children's written language skills is seen, their spoken language skills have also improved. A child's written language in this
11469661
Countess Louise Auguste Henriette of Stolberg-Stolberg


interest in the poetry of Persia and operational language studies to translate from Persian language. A series of essays that should have been wrote in her estate must be considered as lost. Louise had a detailed correspondence with many contemporary authors, including Bettina von Arnim, Karl August Varnhagen, Friedrich von Bodenstedt and Ida, Countess von Hahn-Hahn. Prince George of Prussia used her dramatic manuscripts as a review for his own literary work. The 38 volumes of her complete collection of letters must largely be considered lost today. Parts are
7021277
Frank Russell, 2nd Earl Russell


after obtaining an annual income of £400 for life, suggesting some collusion. Russell married thirdly the novelist Elizabeth von Arnim (née Mary Annette Beauchamp), widow of Count Henning August von Arnim-Schlagenthin (d. 1910), the next year, von Arnim, who had a three-year affair with H.G. Wells, ended her relationship with Wells when his other lover Rebecca West became pregnant. She became involved with Russell in 1914 and married him on 11 February 1916. The marriage failed quickly and acrimoniously, and the
6650679
Hans-Jürgen von Arnim


the 17th Panzer Division. Von Arnim took part in Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, and on 1 October 1941, took command of XXXIX Panzer Corps until November 1942. On 20 February 1943 he was appointed commander of the 5th Panzer Army under Erwin Rommel in North Africa, whom he replaced as commander of the Army Group Africa on the 10th March 1943. He surrendered to the British forces on 12 May 1943 as a consequence of the successful allied Operation Vulcan. Von Arnim was interned along with 24 other
7752057
Gisela of Kerzenbroeck


Gisela of Kerzenbroeck or Gisela von Kerssenbrock (died by 1300) was a nun in the northern German city of Rulle who probably worked most of her life writing and illustrating manuscripts, as well as being choirmistress. Gisela de Kerzenbroeck is documented only as the creator of what is now known as "Codex Gisle" or "Gradual of Gisela von Kerssenbrock", a gradual made for the Cistercian convent of Rulle near Osnabrück in Westphalia, and now in Osnabrück. The following words are inscribed in a fourteenth-century charterhand on the
6595359
Heidelberg


as well as organized tourist tours through the city available in several languages. Heidelberg was the centre of the epoch of "Romantik" (Romanticism) in Germany. The phase after Jena Romanticism is often called Heidelberg Romanticism (see also Berlin Romanticism). There was a famous circle of poets (the Heidelberg Romantics), such as Joseph von Eichendorff, Johann Joseph von Görres, Ludwig Achim von Arnim, and Clemens Brentano. A relic of Romanticism is the Philosophers' Walk (), a scenic walking path on the nearby
2744277
Bettina von Arnim


Bettina von Arnim (the Countess of Arnim) (4 April 1785 – 20 January 1859), born Elisabeth Catharina Ludovica Magdalena Brentano, was a German writer and novelist. Bettina (as well: Bettine) Brentano was a writer, publisher, composer, singer, visual artist, an illustrator, patron of young talent, and a social activist. She was the archetype of the Romantic era's zeitgeist and the crux of many creative relationships of canonical artistic figures. Best known for the company she kept, she numbered among
10001733
Heinrich Alexander von Arnim


Heinrich Alexander (from 1841 Freiherr) von Arnim(-Suckow) (born 13 February 1798 in Berlin; died 5 January 1861 in Düsseldorf) was a Prussian statesman. Arnim received his education in the "Pädagogium" in Halle, then in 1814 joined the cavalry of the Landwehr of the Uckermark and fought with five brothers in the War of the Sixth Coalition. He joined the Prussian civil service in 1820, he was at first an embassy attaché in Switzerland, then a legation secretary in Munich, Copenhagen and Naples and was made chargé
16882685
Heinrich Alexander von Arnim


). On the same day he took office as Foreign Minister of Prussia in the government that was led first by Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg, then by Gottfried Ludolf Camphausen; this government already resigned on 20 June, however. Arnim then lived for a while as a private citizen in Neuwied and endeavored to work towards a moderate solution to the German question, through various pamphlets ("Frankfurt und Berlin", Frankfurt 1848; "Über die Mediatisationsfrage", Frankfurt 1849). He was a member of the first
16882688
Language planning


often viewed as secondary to spoken language, the vocabulary, grammatical structures and phonological structures of a language often adopt characteristics in the written form that are distinct from the spoken variety. Second, the use of writing often leads to a folk belief that the written language is the 'real' language, and speech is a corruption of it. Written language is viewed as more conservative, while the spoken variety is more susceptible to language change. Isolated relic areas of the spoken language may be less innovative than the written form,
16819092
Spoken language


especially in contrast to written transcriptions of signs. In spoken language, much of the meaning is determined by the context. That contrasts with written language in which more of the meaning is provided directly by the text. In spoken language, the truth of a proposition is determined by common-sense reference to experience, but in written language, a greater emphasis is placed on logical and coherent argument. Similarly, spoken language tends to convey subjective information, including the relationship between the speaker and the audience, whereas written language tends
6491018
Spoken language


to convey objective information. The relationship between spoken language and written language is complex. Within the field of linguistics the current consensus is that speech is an innate human capability, and written language is a cultural invention. However some linguists, such as those of the Prague school, argue that written and spoken language possess distinct qualities which would argue against written language being dependent on spoken language for its existence. Both vocal and sign languages are composed of words. In vocal languages, words are made up from a limited set of
6491019
Elisabeth von Heyking


Elisabeth von Heyking (10 December 1861 – 4 January 1925) was a German novelist, travel writer and diarist. She is known for her best-selling 1903 novel "Briefe, die ihn nicht erreichten" ("Letters Which Never Reached Him") and her travel diaries, published posthumously in 1926. Elisabeth von Flemming was born in Karlsruhe in 1861, the daughter of the Prussian diplomat and Armgard von Arnim. Her maternal grandparents were the writers Bettina and Ludwig Achim von Arnim. In 1881, she married the economist
9224721
Marie von Brühl


Bettina von Arnim and her husband Ludwig Achim von Arnim, and of Sophie von Schwerin. At the age of 18, Brühl became a lady-in-waiting to queen dowager Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt. This position was terminated in February 1805 by the queen dowager's death. Later, she became the chief lady-in-waiting to Princess Charlotte, who was only eleven years old at the time. After the death of her husband, Brühl assumed the role of chief lady-in-waiting to Princess
20513187
Boitzenburger Land


held by the Arnim noble family. Damaged in the Thirty Years' War, when it was a possession of Field Marshal Hans Georg von Arnim-Boitzenburg, the fortress was rebuilt by his descendants in a Baroque style from 1740 onwards. Refurbished according to plans designed by Friedrich August Stüler between 1838 and 1842, it received its present Neo-Renaissance appearance in 1881–1884. The adjacent landscape garden was laid out by Peter Joseph Lenné around 1840. Boitzenburg was then held by Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg, who became the first
10065173
Simplicius (operetta)


. Hildegarde tells Arnim that she has been promised to another, yet loses her heart to Arnim. The General is indignant when his daughter turns up on the arm of a stranger who has the audacity to ask for her hand in marriage. Arnim proudly points out his family heritage, calling himself the Baron von Grübben. Pleased at this unexpected turn of events, General von Vliessen announces their immediate engagement. During the festivities, Simplicius arrives with a bound captive, Melchior, whom he had discovered in the camp and arrested as
13240906
Hans Georg von Arnim-Boitzenburg


Johann or Hans Georg von Arnim-Boitzenburg (1583 Boitzenburger Land28 April 1641 Dresden) was a German general. At different times during the Thirty Years' War, he was a Field Marshal for the Holy Roman Empire and its opponent the Electorate of Saxony. He also pursued various diplomatic tasks. Arnim was born in Boitzenburger Land, Brandenburg. After studies at Frankfurt (Oder), Leipzig, and Rostock, he entered into service at the Prussian court at Königsberg in 1612, a post he had to leave the next year
15669654
Heinrich Friedrich von Arnim-Heinrichsdorff-Werbelow


Heinrich Friedrich von Arnim-Heinrichsdorff-Werbelow (born 23 September 1791 in Werbelow/Uckermark; died 18 April 1859 in Berlin) was a Prussian statesman. Arnim participated in the War of the Sixth Coalition and then embarked on a diplomatic career. After working as legation secretary in Stockholm and in Paris, he was the Prussian envoy in Brussels from 1831, from 1841 in Paris and in Vienna from 1845 to 1848, where he acted entirely in accordance with Metternich's politics. On 24 February 1849 he was appointed Foreign Minister
19266417
Otto von Bismarck


This system collapsed in 1887. In 1872, a protracted quarrel began to fester between Bismarck and Count Harry von Arnim, the imperial ambassador to France. Arnim saw himself as a rival and competitor for the chancellorship, but the rivalry escalated out of hand, and Arnim took sensitive records from embassy files at Paris to back up his case. He was formally accused of misappropriating official documents, indicted, tried and convicted, finally fleeing into exile where he died. No one again openly challenged Bismarck in foreign policy matters until his
2526523
Georg Gustav von Arnim


Anna von Versen (Merseburg, March 18, 1872 – West Berlin, May 4, 1954, daughter of Maximilian Felix Christoph Wilhelm Leopold Reinhold Albert Fürchtegott von Versen and Alice Bryan Clemens). Among his children were Marie Agnes von Arnim (Schloss Suchow, August 19, 1903 – Dresder Weissen-Hirsch, May 3, 1938), married in Schloss Suckow on October 7, 1924, to Christoph Moritz Max Freiherr von Beschwitz (Schloss Arnsdorf, April 2, 1898 – Wiesbaden, September 26, 1980), Lord
7285544
Spoken language


A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds, as opposed to a written language. Many languages have no written form and so are only spoken. An oral language or vocal language is a language produced with the vocal tract, as opposed to a sign language, which is produced with the hands and face. The term "spoken language" is sometimes used to mean only vocal languages, especially by linguists, making all three terms synonyms by excluding sign languages. Others refer to sign language as "spoken",
6491017
Achim von Arnim


Berlin Court Opera. His mother, Amalia Carlonia Labes (1761–1781), died three weeks after Arnim's birth. Arnim and his elder brother Carl Otto spent their childhood with their maternal grandmother Marie Elisabeth von Labes, the widow of Michael Gabriel Fredersdorf from her first marriage, in Zernikow and in Berlin, where he attended the Joachimsthal Gymnasium. In 1798 he went on to study law, natural science and mathematics at the University of Halle. His early writings included numerous articles for scientific magazines. His first major work, "
16396782
17th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)


, which in turn was part of the 2nd Panzer Group, commanded by Heinz Guderian. The division's commander, Hans-Jürgen von Arnim, was wounded within the first few days of the campaign, on 24 June, but later returned to his unit. His temporary replacement, Karl Ritter von Weber, was mortally wounded south of Smolensk on 17 July, putting Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma in charge until von Arnim returned. The division crossed the Bug River and advanced south of Minsk, where it made contact with the 3rd
10871731
Heinrich von Brentano


contact to important figures of the German Romanticism, including Goethe, Savigny and Arnim. He was related to famous German poets such as Clemens Brentano (1778–1842) and Bettina von Arnim (1785–1859). The author Bernard von Brentano (1901–1964) was his elder brother. Upon his "Abitur" degree in 1922, Heinrich von Brentano studied jurisprudence at the University of Munich and took his first and second "Staatsexamen" in 1925 and 1929. He received his doctorate from the University of Giessen and from 1932 worked as a lawyer
13866283
Bettina von Arnim


Achim von Arnim. Some of the songs were later put to music by a number of composers, among them Gustav Mahler. The collection became a touchstone of the Romantic musical and poetic style. From 1808 to 1809 she studied voice, composition, and piano in Munich under Peter von Winter and Sebastian Bopp. She published her first song under the pseudonym Beans Beor, which she occasionally used later as well. Bettina sang briefly in the Berliner Singakademie and composed settings of Hellenistic poems by Amalie von Helvig. Though domestic duties connected
10001740
Bettina von Arnim


Achim von Arnim, the renowned Romantic poet. The couple settled first at the Wiepersdorf castle, and then in Berlin. They had seven children. Achim died in 1831, but Bettina maintained an active public life. Her passion for Goethe revived, and in 1835, after lengthy discussions with the writer and landscape gardener Hermann von Pückler-Muskau, she published her book "Goethe's Correspondence with a Child" (), which purported to be a correspondence between herself and the poet. The book is in large part fictitious
10001738
Hirschfeld Wildlife Park


Hirschfeld Wildlife Park () is in Voigtsgrün, part of the municipality of Hirschfeld, near Zwickau in the German Free State of Saxony. Records by Lady Martha von Arnim (née von Schlegell) prove that the site and its stand of trees have been protected for centuries. Maps from 1870 show that there was already a wildlife enclosure at this site. It belonged to Lord Alexander von Arnim, who kept deer here. In 1890, a hunting lodge was built in the enclosure that still exists today and is referred to as
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Lexis (linguistics)


dichotomy of spoken and written language which actually entails a shift in paradigm: while linguistic theory posits the superiority of spoken language over written language (as the former is the origin, comes naturally, and thus precedes the written language), or the written over the spoken (for the same reasons: the written language being the highest form of rudimentary speech), Halliday states they are two entirely different entities. He claims that speech is grammatically complex while writing is lexically dense. In other words, a sentence such as "
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Integrationism


, or the symbolization of phonetic signs, students are equipped with the literacy to understand the written texts. However, it is often the case that students have a hard time understanding and interpreting a poem even though they know every single word. The glittering example reveals the problem of treating spoken language and written language as the same and implies the need to treat them differently. According to Kravchenko, spoken language and written language are different in that spoken language is temporal and local, while written language is atemporal and non-local
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Wilhelmplatz


in 1865, Stüler was responsible for the renovations of a whole row of houses on Wilhelmstraße. The former Palais Marschall, which had already seen its owner switch multiple times during the 18th century, was acquired in 1800 by the rather clandestine Minister of Foreign Affairs Otto Carl Friedrich von Voß. It was henceforth known as Palais Voß. After their wedding, from 1811 to 1814, Ludwig Achim von Arnim and Bettina von Arnim lived in a garden house belonging to the property. In a letter to Goethe, the latter wrote of
19241967
Hans von Arnim


Hans von Arnim (14 September 1859, Groß Fredenwalde – 26 May 1931, Vienna) was a German-Austrian classical philologist, who specialized in studies of Plato and Aristotle. He studied classical philology at the University of Greifswald as a pupil of Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorf. From 1881 to 1888 he worked as a schoolteacher in Elberfeld and Bonn, then obtained his habilitation in 1888 from the University of Halle. In 1893 he became a full professor at Rostock, then in 1900 was appointed chair of Greek philology at the
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Integrationism


the community and society where one stays. With regard to it, this section first focuses on the distinction between spoken language (first-order language) and written language (second-order language) and how reading comprehension is achieved, and then aims at the impact of technology-enhanced interaction on reading comprehension. Traditionally, spoken language and written language are regarded as the two sides of the same coin In other words, written language is believed to fully represent its corresponding spoken language. Therefore, educators believe by teaching words
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Romanization


extremes. Pure transcriptions are generally not possible, as the source language usually contains sounds and distinctions not found in the target language, but which must be shown for the romanized form to be comprehensible. Furthermore, due to diachronic and synchronic variance no written language represents any spoken language with perfect accuracy and the vocal interpretation of a script may vary by a great degree among languages. In modern times the chain of transcription is usually spoken foreign language, written foreign language, written native language, spoken (read) native language.
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Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Lippe


Friedrich Wilhelm of Lippe (; born 7 September 1947) is a claimant to the headship of the House of Lippe. Friedrich Wilhelm was born out of wedlock at Neuwied, West Germany, the first child of Prince Ernst August of Lippe (1917–1990; son of Prince Julius Ernst of Lippe and Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Strelitz) and his wife, Christa von Arnim (b. 1923; daughter of Curt David von Arnim and his wife Stephanie von Stechow). Through his father he is second cousin of Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands
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Friedrich von Adelung


), later praised as a "local Russian breakthrough in museology." Unlike the "Russia for Russians" ideologists, Adelung specifically addressed the country's diversity with his plans to set up a repository for the sources in nearly a hundred languages spoken in Russia, and compiling dictionaries and grammars for the languages that yet had no established written tradition. Adelung believed that his linguistic studies were targeting not the languages themselves, but the history of nations and races. From the end of Napoleonic Wars until his death in Saint Petersburg,
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Languages of Iraq


There are a number of languages spoken in Iraq, but Mesopotamian Arabic (Iraqi Arabic) is by far the most widely spoken in the country. The most widely spoken language in Iraq is the Arabic language (specifically Mesopotamian Arabic); the second most spoken language is Kurdish (mainly Sorani and Kurmanji dialects), followed by the Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialect of Turkish, and the Neo-Aramaic languages (specifically Chaldean and Ashuri). Arabic is written using the Arabic script and Kurdish is written with a modified Perso-
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Gisela, Margravine of Meissen


Princess "Gisela" Maria Karolina Adelgunde of Bavaria (Full German name: "Gisela Maria Karolina Adelgunde, Prinzessin von Bayern") (born 10 September 1964 at Schloss Leutstetten near Starnberg, Bavaria, Germany) is a Princess of Bavaria and member of the House of Wittelsbach by birth and a Princess of Saxe-Gessaphe and member of the House of Saxe-Gessaphe by marriage. Gisela is the seventh and youngest child of Prince Rasso of Bavaria and his wife Archduchess Theresa of Austria. Through her father, Gisela is a
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Gisela Falke von Lilienstein


Gisela Falke Von Lilienstein (born 1871; death date unknown) was an Austrian designer who designed ceramics, glassware, jewelry, lighting, and furniture for the Wiener Werkstätte. Her work was exhibited in Vienna Secessionist exhibitions and international expositions. Gisela studied at the Vienna Kunstgewerbeschule (School of Applied Art) from 1895-1904 with Josef Hoffman and others. She, four women (Marietta Peyfuss, Jutta Sika, Therese Trethan and Else Unger) and five male colleagues, founded the exhibiting group Wiener Kunst im Hause in 1901
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Languages of Hong Kong


into Hong Kong from Canton Province, Cantonese is the dominant Chinese variant spoken in the territory with smaller numbers of speakers from other dialects. There are also numerous sinitic languages spoken by the native peoples of the New Territories, many of which are mutually unintelligible. Cantonese is a vernacular and when reduced to writing is normally converted to a standard written Chinese quite dissimilar to the spoken word. There is also a written language based on the vocabulary and grammar of spoken Cantonese known as written Cantonese. Although the "biliterate and trilingual"
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German destroyer Z2 Georg Thiele


approximately thirteen shells at a range of before "von Arnim" sank the Norwegian ship with torpedoes. In the darkness and falling snow, none of the Norwegian shells hit either of the two destroyers, despite the short range. "Thiele" and "von Arnim" were the first ships to refuel from the single tanker that had made it safely to Narvik and later moved to the Ballangenfjord, a southern arm of the Ofotfjord, closer to the entrance. Shortly before dawn on 10 April, the five destroyers of the British
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Eberhard Bopst


Eberhard Bopst (25 December 1913 – 12 October 1942) was a German U-boat commander in World War II. Eberhard Bopst joined the "Reichsmarine" in April 1933 and prior to transferring to the U-boat section served on the destroyers "Georg Thiele" (as 3rd Watch Officer, 1936–1937), "Leberecht Maass" (1937–1938) and "Bernd von Arnim" (December 1938 – 1940). On "Bernd von Arnim" he saw action in the Spanish Civil War, receiving the Spanish Cross in
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Karl Otto Ludwig von Arnim


Karl Otto Ludwig von Arnim (1 August 1779 in Berlin – 9 February 1861 in Berlin) was a German travel writer. He studied at Halle and Göttingen, and then traveled through Europe. He was then an attaché in Stockholm, at times directing the royal theater in Berlin. In 1835, he began another series of travels, this time through southern Europe. His books of travel in France, Italy, Spain, Russia, and the orient, "Hurried remarks of a traveler in a hurry" (, Berlin
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Arnimal


Arnimal () (18th century) was a leading Kashmiri Brahmin poet. Arnimal was born in Palhalan during the eighteenth century. She married Munshi Bhawani Das, a poet from Rainawari and an erudite Persian scholar in the court of Jumma Khan, the Afghan Governor of Kashmir between 1788 and 1792. Arnimal followed in the wake of the tradition of her predecessor and made the love lyrics adopted by her predecessor Habba Khatoon more of a plaintive wail. Arnimal's lyrics are masterpieces of Kashmiri language. The word pictures of delicate sentiments drawn
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Gospel riots


spoken or "demotic" Greek had evolved far from its ancient roots, and the two languages were now mutually incomprehensible. As a compromise, a grammatically simplified version of Ancient Greek known as "katharevousa glossa" ("language that tends towards purity") had been adopted as the written language of the new state in 1830. This meant that the spoken and written languages were now intentionally different. It was hoped that written "katharevousa" would provide a model for imitation, and that spoken Greek would naturally "purify"
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Language development


fact that males are more visible, and thus more often diagnosed. Research in writing development has been limited in psychology. In the research that has been conducted, focus has generally centred on the development of written and spoken language and their connection. Spoken and written skills could be considered linked. Researchers believe that children's spoken language influences their written language. When a child learns to write they need to master letter formation, spelling, punctuation and they also have to gain an understanding of the structure and the organisational patterns involved
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North Germanic languages


and written versions of the language, so the differences between spoken Norwegian and spoken Danish are somewhat more significant than the difference between their respective written forms. Written Danish is relatively close to the other Continental Scandinavian languages, but the sound developments of spoken Danish include reduction and assimilation of consonants and vowels, as well as the prosodic feature called "stød" in Danish, developments which have not occurred in the other languages (though the "stød" corresponds to the changes in pitch in Norwegian and Swedish, which are pitch-
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Bettina von Arnim


. Genuine sonnets of Goethe in it were addressed, not to her, but to Minna Herzlieb. As a work of fiction, the book has been praised. She continued to write, inspire, and publish until 20 January 1859, when she died in Berlin, aged 73, surrounded by her children. Her grave is in the Wiepersdorf churchyard. During the years of 1806 to 1808, von Arnim helped gather the folk songs that made up Des Knaben Wunderhorn, the collaborative work of her brother and her future husband,
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Bettina von Arnim


U.S. congressman and namesake of Schleicher County, and Dr. Ferdinand Ludwig Herff, who in 1854 became the first surgeon to use anesthesia in Texas. The community's third founder was Hermann Spiess. Part of von Arnim's design for a colossal statue of Goethe, executed in marble by the sculptor Karl Steinhauser (1813–1878), was displayed in the museum at Weimar in 1911. From 1991 until 31 December 2001, her portrait was on the German 5-Mark bill. In 2006, the German government turned Künstlerhaus Schloss Wiepersdorf, the estate
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German destroyer Z2 Georg Thiele


. The German destroyers reached the Ofotfjord on the morning of 9 April and Commodore Friedrich Bonte took his flagship "Wilhelm Heidkamp", "Georg Thiele" and "Z11 Bernd von Arnim" down the fjord to Narvik. A heavy snowstorm allowed "Thiele" and "von Arnim" to enter the harbor without challenge and tie up at a pier. The mountain troops immediately began disembarking, but the ships were spotted by the coast defense ship a few minutes later. The latter ship immediately opened fire and was able to fire
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The Enchanted April


The Enchanted April is a 1922 novel by British writer Elizabeth von Arnim. The work was inspired by a month-long holiday to the Italian Riviera, probably the most widely read (as an English and American best seller in 1923) and perhaps the lightest and most ebullient of her novels. Von Arnim wrote, and set, the book in the 15th-century Castello Brown. Critic Terence de Vere White credited "The Enchanted April" with making the Italian resort of Portofino fashionable. The novel follows four dissimilar women in
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German destroyer Z11 Bernd von Arnim


and had to shut them down. The ship was ordered to return to port while the other two destroyers continued their mission. "Bernd von Arnim" was allocated to Group 1 for the Norwegian portion of Operation Weserübung in April 1940. The group's task was to transport the 139th Mountain Infantry Regiment ("139. Gebirgsjäger Regiment") and the headquarters of the 3rd Mountain Division ("3. Gebirgs-Division") to seize Narvik. The ships began loading troops on 6 April and set sail the next day
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German destroyer Z11 Bernd von Arnim


one of the destroyers in Narvik, but "von Arnim" and "Thiele" had also been alerted and were coming up to engage the British. The two German destroyers crossed the T of the British flotilla and were able to fire full broadsides at a range of only . They first engaged the British flagship, , and badly damaged her. Both of her forward guns were knocked out and the forward superstructure was set afire. "Hardy" was forced to beach herself lest she sink, and the German ships switched their
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Achim von Arnim


result, in collaboration with Clemens Brentano, under the title "Des Knaben Wunderhorn". He went to see Goethe in Weimar, in order to edit the collection. In Frankfurt he met with the jurist Friedrich Carl von Savigny, the beginning of an enduring friendship. Arnims's editorial work was increasingly affected by the Napoleonic Wars. Upon the Prussian defeat in the 1806 Battle of Jena–Auerstedt, he followed the royal court to Königsberg, where he joined the circle of Prussian reformers around Baron vom Stein. In 1807 he
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Elizabeth von Arnim


starring Bette Davis and Claude Rains; and a 60-minute "Lux Radio Theater" broadcast radio adaptation of the movie on 1 October 1945. Since 1983, the British publisher, Virago, has been reprinting her work with new introductions by modern writers, some of which try to claim her as a sort of feminist. 'The Reader's Encyclopedia' reports that many of her later novels are "tired exercises", but this opinion is not widely held. Perhaps the best example of von Arnim's mordant wit and unusual attitude
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Künstlerhaus Schloss Wiepersdorf


The Künstlerhaus Schloss Wiepersdorf is a literary institute in Germany housed in a stately manor house. Originally the manor house was the home of Ludwig Achim von Arnim and Bettina von Arnim, well-known figures from Germany's Romantic Period. After their deaths the future role the manor house was unclear, but eventually it was decided to turn it into a literary institute, where leading scholars and writers would receive grants for extended stays, where they could have creative exchanges with other scholars and writers. The institute is in Brandenburg, south
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Ferdinand von Arnim


the title of a court architect in 1849. From 1855 to 1863 Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau employed him to rebuild the palace and gardens of Branitz (near Cottbus). 1862 saw him become the advisor on courtly architecture in the Potsdam department of Ludwig Ferdinand Hesse (1795–1876). Arnim died in Berlin in 1866 at the age of 51. He was entombed in the part of the Potsdam-Bornstedt cemetery (near the tomb of his mentor Ludwig Persius); nearby were buried the famous Sello family of court gardeners
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HNoMS Norge


German destroyer "Bernd von Arnim". The range has been estimated as 800 metres (1/2 mile). Due to the difficult weather conditions, it was hard to use the optical sights for the guns, which resulted in the first salvo falling short of the target and the others going over the target. The German destroyers waited until they were alongside the pier before returning fire. "Bernd von Arnim" opened fire with her 12.7 cm (5 inch) guns, as well as with machine guns, but the weather
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Harry von Arnim


the Vatican Council of 1869-70, as ambassador of the North German Confederation, supported the German bishops who opposed the dogma of infallibility. He was made a count in 1870, and during the next year took a prominent part in the negotiations preceding the Treaty of Frankfort. His success in the treaty negotiations was enough that he received an appointment as ambassador to France in 1872, a post of great difficult and responsibility. Differences soon arose between him and Otto von Bismarck: Arnim wished to support the monarchical party which was
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Marburg


adaptation in Germany; the poets, writers, and social activists Achim von Arnim, Clemens Brentano, and especially the latter's sister and the former's later wife, Bettina von Arnim. Most famous internationally, however, were the Brothers Grimm, who collected many of their fairy tales here. The original building inspiring his drawing "Rapunzel's Tower" stands in Amönau near Marburg. Across the Lahn hills, in the area called Schwalm, the costumes of little girls included a red hood. In the Austro-Prussian War
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Academy of Arts, Berlin


. The institution was housed on No. 8 Unter den Linden, until from 1902 the site was cleared and rebuilt as seat of the Berlin State Library. The Academy then moved to Pariser Platz next to Hotel Adlon, where the Palais Arnim, former residence of Prime Minister Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg, was refurbished according to plans designed by Ernst von Ihne. The Academy also served as a training school since its founding, and created a number of affiliated schools. The first was the Bauakademie for architectural training, founded
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Maithili language


Maithili (; "Maithilī") is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian subcontinent, mainly spoken in India and Nepal. In India, it is spoken in the states of Bihar and Jharkhand and is one of the 22 recognised Indian languages. In Nepal, it is spoken in the eastern Terai and is the second most prevalent language of Nepal. It is also one of the 122 recognized Nepalese languages. Tirhuta was formerly the primary script for written Maithili. Less commonly, it was also written in the local variant
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Japanese: The Spoken Language


Japanese: The Spoken Language (JSL) is an introductory textbook series for learning Japanese. JSL was written by Eleanor Harz Jorden in collaboration with Mari Noda. "Part 1" was published in 1987 by Yale Language Press, "Part 2" in 1988, and "Part 3" in 1990. The series differs from most Japanese language textbooks in many ways, most basically in that it focuses exclusively on the spoken language and leaves discussion of any aspect of the written language to other textbooks, such as the parallel series
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Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg


days, after the king chose to place himself at the head of the revolutionary movement. A member of the Provincial Brandenburg "Landtag" assembly since 1839, Arnim from 18 May to 10 June 1848 was a representative for Prenzlau in the Frankfurt Parliament and also was a member of the short-lived Erfurt Union Parliament in 1850. He belonged to the newly established Prussian House of Representatives from 1849 and later joined the House of Lords chamber of the Prussian Prliament. Arnim is known to this day for his remarks as Prussian Interior
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Hans Georg von Arnim-Boitzenburg


the rank of field marshal, and won the esteem of his soldiers as well as that of his commander, whose close friend and faithful ally he became. This attachment to Wallenstein, and a spirit of religious toleration, were the leading motives of a strange career of military and political inconstancy. Arnim, a devoted Lutheran himself, was sent with his imperial troops by the emperor Ferdinand II to aid Swedish-Polish King Sigismund III in the battle against the Lutheran Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden on 17 June 1629 at Stuhm. Arnim
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Harry von Arnim


Bismarck secured Armin's transfer to Constantinople, but this appointment was immediately revoked. A Vienna newspaper published some correspondence on the Vatican Council, including confidential despatches of Arnim's, with the object of showing that he had shown greater foresight than Bismarck. It was then found that a considerable number of papers were missing from the Paris embassy, and on 4 October Arnim was arrested on the charge of embezzling state papers. This recourse to the criminal law against a man of his rank, who had held one of the most important
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Heterography and homography


In linguistics, heterography is a property of a written language, such that it lacks a 1-to-1 correspondence between the written symbols and the sounds of the spoken language. Its opposite is homography, which is the property of a language such that written symbols of its written form and the sounds of its spoken form have a 1-to-1 correspondence. The orthography of the English language is, according to Larry Trask, a "spectacular example" of heterography. But most European languages exhibit it to some extent. Finnish is "very close"
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Bettina von Arnim


her dedication to the creative community. She published a collection of seven songs in public support of Prussian music director Gaspare Spontini, under duress at the time. The German-American settlement of Bettina in the state of Texas was founded in 1847 and named by its progressive, idealistic founders after Bettina von Arnim. Located near the juncture of Elm Creek and the Llano River, it lasted only a year. No trace of the Bettina community survives, though two of its three founders subsequently became prominent: Gustav Schleicher, later a
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