Wang Yanzheng [SEP] brother
Wang Yanzheng


history. Further, while his older brother Wang Yanxi (the third among his brothers to rule Min) was said to be Wang Shenzhi's 28th son, Wang Yanzheng's birth rank is also not recorded in history. (However, as Wang Yanzheng was not mentioned on the tombstone of Wang Shenzhi's wife Lady Ren Neiming, he was likely born after Lady Ren's death in 918.) The first reference to Wang Yanzheng in historical sources was in 931, when another older brother, Wang Yanjun, then ruling but
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Wang Yanzheng


Southern Tang, sent the emissary Shang Quangong (尚全恭) to both Wang Xi and Wang Yanzheng, urging them to make peace with each other. With Li Jing's moderation, Wang Yanzheng sent officers and female servants to submit a statement of oath and an incense censer to Wang Xi. Subsequently, Wang Yanzheng's emissaries and Wang Xi swore an oath at their father Wang Shenzhi's tomb. However, despite this oath, the suspicions between the brothers remained. In 941, Wang Yanzheng fortified the defenses around Jian Prefecture,
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Wang Yanzheng


carrying only the title of Prince of Min as a vassal of Later Tang, had defeated and executed their adoptive brother, Wang Yanbing, who had controlled the Jian Prefecture region and had tried to seize control of the Min state from Wang Yanjun. After Wang Yanbing's death, Wang Yanjun sent Wang Yanzheng to Jian to try to comfort the people, and he later commissioned Wang Yanzheng as the prefect of Jian, a post that Wang Yanzheng then appeared to remain at for the next several years. In 939, Wang Yanxi
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Wang Yanzheng


He also sent his close associate Ye Qiao (鄴翹) to monitor Wang Yanzheng's army, and the officer Du Hanchong (杜漢崇) to monitor the nearby Nanzhen Base (南鎮, in modern Ningde, Fujian). Ye and Du submitted numerous reports alleging misdeeds by Wang Yanzheng, exacerbating the suspicions between the brothers. One day, Wang Yanzheng and Ye were discussing matters of governance, and it escalated into an argument. Ye stated, "Are you rebelling, Lord?" Wang Yanzheng, in anger, tried to
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Wang Yanzheng


minted large iron coins, with each large coin having the value of 100 small coins. Shortly later, Li Jing sent letters to both Wang Xi and Wang Yanzheng, rebuking them for attacking each other. Wang Xi wrote back, citing comparisons to the Duke of Zhou's killing of his rebellious brothers, the Lords of Guan and Cai, and to Emperor Taizong of Tang's killing of his brothers Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji. Wang Yanzheng, however, wrote back in a more disrespectful manner, instead rebuking Li Jing's
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Empress Zhang (Wang Yanzheng's wife)


Empress Zhang (張皇后, personal name unknown), also known as Tiande Empress (天德皇后) (after her husband Wang Yanzheng's era name of Tiande), was the last empress of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min (and, prior to that, the empress of the branch state Yin) as the wife of Wang Yanzheng, who was the emperor of both of those states. Very little is known about Empress Zhang. When Wang Yanzheng was the Prince of Fusha under his brother Wang Xi (
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Wang Yanzheng


Wang Yanzheng renamed it Zhenwu (鎮武, "settled military"). Wang Xi also created him the Prince of Fusha — a title that the people of Min would subsequently refer to him as, even after he claimed imperial title. Meanwhile, Wang Xi, suspecting that another brother, Wang Yanxi (王延喜, note different character than Wang Xi himself) the Prefect of Ting Prefecture (汀州, in modern Longyan, Fujian), was allying with Wang Yanzheng, sent the general Xu Renqin (許仁欽) to Ting,
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Wang Yanzheng


in Wang Yanzheng's absence. Wang Yanzheng's attacks on Ting were unsuccessful, but his generals Bao Hongshi (包弘實) and Chen Wang (陳望) engaged and killed Huang Jingzhong. Lin and Huang Shaopo fled back to Fu. Wang Xi subsequently sent a personally-written edict, gold vessels, money, and 640 commissions for Wang Yanzheng's subordinates, to Wang Yanzheng, seeking peace. Wang Yanzheng refused to receive the items. In 943, Wang Yanzheng declared himself emperor of a new state of Yin. He created
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Yang Renquan


Yanxi's younger brother Wang Yanzheng the prefect of Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian) were battling each other, and Wang Yanxi's generals Pan Shikui (潘師逵) and Wu Xingzhen (吳行真) were putting Jian under siege. Wang Yanzheng sought aid from Qian Yuanguan. Despite advice by the chancellor Lin Ding against doing so, Qian Yuanguan launched an army commanded by Yang and Xue Wanzhong (薛萬忠) to aid Wang Yanzheng. (At that time, Yang carried the title of military governor ("Jiedushi
932419
Lian Chongyu


at Quan and Zhang, Zhu sent the officers Lin Shouliang (林守諒) and Li Ting'e (李廷鍔) to attack Quan. With aid from Wang Yanzheng's general Du Jin (杜進), however, Liu crushed Lin's and Li's army, killing Lin and capturing Li. Wang Yanzheng then again sent Wu to attack Fu, and faced with this threat, Zhu sent his son(s) and brother(s) to serve as hostages to Wuyue, seeking aid from it. Meanwhile, Wang Yanzheng warded off an attack from the
11073454
Zhu Wenjin


Zhang, Zhu sent the officers Lin Shouliang (林守諒) and Li Ting'e (李廷鍔) to attack Quan. With aid from Wang Yanzheng's general Du Jin (杜進), however, Liu crushed Lin's and Li's army, killing Lin and capturing Li. Wang Yanzheng then again sent Wu to attack Fu, and faced with this threat, Zhu sent his son(s) and brother(s) to serve as hostages to Wuyue, seeking aid from it. Meanwhile, Wang Yanzheng warded off an attack from the Southern Tang general
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Qian Hongzuo


Wang Yanxi's brother Wang Yanzheng (in control of Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian), who claimed the title of Emperor of Yin. Zhu sought aid from Wuyue and sent brother(s) and son(s) to serve as hostages in that effort, but there was no record of any responses by Qian. After Zhu was later assassinated, Wang Yanzheng briefly took control of all of the Min realm and reclaimed the title of Emperor of Min, but soon the general Li Renda led a revolt against him at
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Wang Yanxi


led him to be angry. He sent his close associates Ye Qiao (業翹) to serve as monitor of Wang Yanzheng's army, and Du Hanchong (杜漢崇) to serve as monitor of the army at Nanzhen Base (南鎮軍, near Jian). Both Ye and Du frequently submitted reports of their suspicions about Wang Yanzheng, adding to the friction. In 940, after an argument between Wang Yanzheng and Ye, Wang Yanzheng tried to arrest Ye, but Ye was able to flee. Wang Yanzheng then rose in full
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Wang Yanzheng


arrest and kill Ye. Ye fled to Nanzhen. Wang Yanzheng then attacked Nanzhen and defeated the central government-controlled army there. Ye and Du fled back to Min's capital Fu Prefecture (福州, in modern Fuzhou, Fujian). Wang Yanzheng then also defeated the other central government-controlled forces in the region. In response, Wang Xi sent his generals Pan Shikui (潘師逵) and Wu Xingzhen (吳行真) to attack Wang Yanzheng with 40,000 men. Wang Yanzheng sought aid from Qian Yuanguan, the king of
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Wang Yanxi


that Wang Xi both favored and feared her. Shortly after, he created Wang Yacheng the Prince of Min. Meanwhile, the battles with Wang Yanzheng continued. In fall 942, Wang Xi sent emissaries carrying his personally written edicts, gold, money, and official commissions (to allow Wang Yanzheng to commission his subordinates as officials) to Wang Yanzheng, seeking peace, but Wang Yanzheng rejected the overture. Meanwhile, when another nephew, Wang Jirou (王繼柔), was unable to drink at a feast and secretly reduced the
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Wang Yanzheng


seizing Wang Yanxi and returning him to Fu. Also suspecting Wang Jiye, who was then serving as the prefect of Quan Prefecture (泉州, in modern Quanzhou, Fujian), as Wang Yanzheng had written Wang Jiye, Wang Xi also recalled Wang Jiye and then ordered him to commit suicide. Later in 941, Wang Xi claimed imperial title and resumed his campaign against Wang Yanzheng, but the battles were indecisive. Historical accounts described the scene of the battlefields between Fu and Jian as being covered with human bones. Wang Yanzheng
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Zhang Hansi


and allow Zhu to take over. They agreed, and they assassinated Huang and supported Wang Yanzheng's nephew Wang Jixun (王繼勳) to serve as the acting prefect, pledging their allegiance to Wang Yanzheng. Wang Yanzheng subsequently commissioned Wang Jixun as prefect and gave commander titles to Liu, Wang Zhongshun, Dong, and Chen Hongjin—with no reference to Zhang at that point. Wang Yanzheng's realm, however, was subsequently conquered by Min's northern neighbor Southern Tang. Liu Congxiao seized control of the Quan region, which
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Wang Yanzheng


and he also requested Wang Xi make him the military governor of Weiwu Circuit (威武, traditionally headquartered at Fu, but Wang Yanzheng thus was proposing to have its capital moved to Jian). Wang Xi, citing the fact that Weiwu's capital was traditionally at Fu, declined, but created a new circuit with its capital at Jian, making Wang Yanzheng its military governor. However, the name that Wang Xi decreed — Zhen'an (鎮安, "settled peace") — was not to Wang Yanzheng's liking, so
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Wang Yanzheng


Min's northern neighbor Wuyue. Qian sent the general Yang Renquan with 40,000 men to aid Wang Yanzheng. Before Yang could arrive, though, Wang Yanzheng had already defeated the Min central government army, killing Pan and forcing Wu to flee. Wang Yanzheng also used the opportunity to also capture the cities of Yongping (永平) and Shunchang (順昌) (both in modern Nanping). When Yang's army arrived, Wang Yanzheng tried to send him away by offering beef and wine to the troops, but Yang refused,
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Wang Yanxi


Yang and Xue refused to leave Jian's vicinity. Wang Yanzheng then turned around and sought aid from Wang Xi, who sent their nephew Wang Jiye (王繼業) to head toward Jian and cut off the supply routes of Yang and Xue's army. Wang Yanzheng then defeated them, forcing them to retreat. Subsequently, Min's northwestern neighbor Southern Tang's emperor Li Bian sent emissaries to Wang Xi and Wang Yanzheng, trying to quell their dispute. Under Li Bian's moderation, Wang Yanzheng sent servants to Changle, and
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Wang Yanzheng


the warfare among the Wang clan members and the heavy-handed rule imposed by Yang, were welcoming the Southern Tang army and opening roads for them. At the same time, though, two officers at Fu, Li Renda and Chen Jixun (陳繼珣), both of whom had turned against Wang Yanzheng before, persuaded the general Huang Renfeng (黃仁諷) into rising against Wang Yanzheng. They assassinated Wang Jichang and Wu Chengyi, and declared the Buddhist monk Zhuo Yanming to be emperor. Wang Yanzheng sent the general Zhang Hanzhen
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Pan Chengyou


shortly after, emperor) of Min, Wang Xi (Emperor Jingzong), created his brother Wang Yanzheng, who then controlled the important city of Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian), the Prince of Fusha as well as the military governor of Zhenwu Circuit (鎮武, headquartered at Jian Prefecture), Wang Yanzheng invited Pan to serve on his staff, making Pan his assistant in financial matters (度支判官, "Duzhi Panguan"). At that time, despite the brief détente (that led to
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Lian Chongyu


and supporting Wang Yanzheng's nephew Wang Jixun (王繼勳) to serve as acting prefect. Hearing of this, the Zhang officer Cheng Mo (程謨) assassinated Cheng Wenwei and supported another nephew of Wang Yanzheng's, Wang Jicheng (王繼成), as acting prefect, in submission to Wang Yanzheng. Xu Wenzhen also submitted Ting Prefecture to Wang Yanzheng. Around new year 945, Shi created Zhu the King of Min and gave him the honorary chancellor designation "Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi" (同中書門下平章事). Hearing of what happened
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Qian Yuanguan


sent an army to put Jian Prefecture under siege, and Wang Yanzheng sought aid from Wuyue. Despite the advice of the chancellor Lin Ding against such intervention on Wang Yanzheng's behalf, Qian Yuanguan nevertheless sent a 40,000-men army under Yang Renquan and Xue Wanzhong (薛萬忠) to aid Wang Yanzheng. By the time that they reached Jian Prefecture, Wang Yanzheng had already repelled Wang Xi's attack, and he sent the Wuyue army gifts, requesting that they withdraw. Yang and Xue refused and instead pitched camp near the city.
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Zhu Wenjin


Yanzheng's nephew Wang Jixun (王繼勳) to serve as acting prefect. Hearing of this, the Zhang officer Cheng Mo (程謨) assassinated Cheng Wenwei and supported another nephew of Wang Yanzheng's, Wang Jicheng (王繼成), as acting prefect, in submission to Wang Yanzheng. Xu Wenzhen also submitted Ting Prefecture to Wang Yanzheng. Around new year 945, Shi created Zhu the King of Min and gave him the honorary chancellor designation "Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi" (同中書門下平章事). Hearing of what happened at Quan and
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Wang Jichang


Wang Jichang (王繼昌) (d. 945) was a general and chancellor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min. He was a nephew of its last emperor Wang Yanzheng, and briefly served as chancellor and general during Wang Yanzheng's reign. It is not known when or where Wang Jichang was born. It is known, however, that he was a nephew of Wang Yanzheng — and, therefore, likely a grandson of Min's founding prince Wang Shenzhi (Prince Zhongyi) (although conceivably the grandson
15086029
Wang Yanzheng


Wang Yanzheng (王延政) (died 951?), known as Tiande Emperor (天德帝) after his era name of Tiande, formally Prince Gongyi of Fu (福恭懿王), also known during Min as the Prince of Fusha (富沙王), was the last ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min. In 943, he, then in civil war with his brother Wang Yanxi (Emperor Jingzong), declared himself emperor of a new state of Yin at his base Jian Prefecture (建州, in
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Wang Yanjun


surrender to Wang Jixiong, and then ambushed and killed him. Wang Jixiong's death destroyed the morale of both Wang Yanbing himself and his army, and Wang Renda subsequently crushed his army, capturing him. Wang Yanjun initially sent messengers to Jian to try to comfort the garrison there, but Wang Yanbing's followers there killed the messengers, and then took Wang Jisheng and his younger brother Wang Jilun (王繼倫) and fled to Wuyue. Wang Yanjun subsequently executed Wang Yanbing and sent another brother, Wang Yanzheng, to Jian to
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Wang Yanzheng


became Min's ruler (and changed his name to Wang Xi) after the prior emperor of Min, their nephew Wang Chang, had been overthrown and killed. It was said that after taking the throne (using, at that time, the title of king), Wang Xi became arrogant and cruel, taking grudges out on people, including his clan members. Wang Yanzheng wrote several letters to him urging him to change his behavior. Wang Xi did not listen, and wrote back angry letters to rebuke Wang Yanzheng.
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Li Renda


. Similarly concerned was one Chen Jixun (陳繼珣), who had defected from Wang Yanzheng to Wang Xi. They decided to approach Huang, arguing to him that Wang Yanzheng himself was in a precarious position due to the Southern Tang attack, and that Huang should rebel against him and seize Fu. Huang agreed. These co-conspirators then led the soldiers and attacked the headquarters, killing Wang Jichang and another general Wang Yanzheng left to assist Wang Jichang, Wu Chengyi (吳成義). It was said that Li Renda considered
15383478
Wang Yanzheng


instead setting his camp outside the city, posturing to get ready to besiege it. In fear, Wang Yanzheng wrote Wang Xi, requesting aid. Wang Xi sent their nephew Wang Jiye (王繼業) with an army to aid him, and also wrote Qian to rebuke him and sent another army to cut off the Wuyue army's food supply route. Once the Wuyue army's food supply ran out, Wang Yanzheng attacked, defeating it. Yang then withdrew. Subsequently, Li Jing, the emperor of Min's northwestern neighbor
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Liu Congxiao


had the officer Chen Hongjin deliver it to Wang Yanzheng's capital Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian). Wang Yanzheng commissioned Wang Jixun to be the prefect of Quan, and Liu, Wang Zhongshun, Dong, and Chen to be commanders of the army. Hearing of Huang's death, Zhu sent the generals Lin Shouliang (林守諒) and Li Ting'e (李廷鍔) to attack Quan. Wang Yanzheng, hearing the news, sent the general Du Jin (杜進) to aid the Quan army. However
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Chen Hongjin


having been the long-term subjects of Min's ruling Wang family, could not stand by and allow Zhu to take over. They agreed, and they assassinated Huang and supported Wang Yanzheng's nephew Wang Jixun (王繼勳) to serve as the acting prefect, pledging their allegiance to Wang Yanzheng. Liu sent Chen to deliver Huang's head to Wang Yanzheng at Jian. When he got to Youxi (尤溪, in modern Sanmin, Fujian), he was intercepted by a Fu detachment that was taking position at Youxi.
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Wang Yanzheng


(永安), headquartered at Jian, to rule over the former Min territory that Wang Yanzheng still held, including Ting, Quan, and Zhang Prefectures, each of which submitted to Southern Tang (for the time being). In 947, Li commissioned Wang Yanzheng to be the military governor of Anhua Circuit (安化, headquartered in modern Shangrao, Jiangxi). He also created Wang the Prince of Poyang. In 951, Li commissioned Wang to be the military governor of Shannan West Circuit (山南西道, headquartered in modern
2008219
Wang Yanzheng


Liu Congxiao, Wang Zhongshun (王忠順), Dong Si'an (董思安), and Zhang Hansi, assassinated Huang Shaopo, whom Zhu commissioned as Quan's prefect, and submitted to Yin, supporting Wang Yanzheng's nephew Wang Jixun (王繼勳) as acting prefect. The Zhang Prefecture officer Cheng Mo (程謨) then assassinated the Zhu-commissioned prefect of Zhang, Cheng Wenwei (程文緯), as well, and supported another nephew of Wang Yanzheng's, Wang Jicheng (王繼成), as acting prefect. Ting's prefect
2008210
Qian Yuanguan


In fear, Wang Yanzheng turned around and sought aid from Wang Xi. Wang Xi sent his nephew Wang Jiye (王繼業) to aid Wang Yanzheng and had his army cut off the food supply path of the Wuyue army. Wang Yanzheng then attacked the Wuyue army, defeating them, forcing Yang and Xue to flee. Later in the year, Emperor Gaozu gave Qian Yuanguan the greater titles of generalissimo of all armies (天下兵馬都元帥, "Tianxia Bingma Du Yuanshuai") as well as "Shangshu Ling" (尚書令).
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Wang Yanxi


rebellion against Wang Xi's administration, and he quickly defeated the imperial generals in Jian's vicinity. When Wang Xi then sent the generals Pan Shikui (潘師逵) and Wu Xingzhen (吳行真) to attack Jian, Wang Yanzheng sought aid from Min's northern neighbor Wuyue. Wuyue's king Qian Yuanguan sent a detachment commanded by Yang Renquan and Xue Wanzhong (薛萬忠) to aid Wang Yanzheng, but Wang Yanzheng defeated Pan and Wu before the Wuyue army's arrival. He then tried to send the Wuyue army away, but
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Li Renda


), who then submitted Fu to Wang Yanzheng's control. Wang Yanzheng reclaimed the title of Emperor of Min, but decided not to move the capital back from Jian to Fu, believing that he needed to remain at Jian to resist an incoming Southern Tang invasion. Instead, he commissioned his nephew Wang Jichang to oversee Fu, which he made the southern capital. He sent the general Huang Renfeng (黃仁諷) to assist Wang Jichang. With Fu under Wang Yanzheng's control, Li was concerned what would happen to him
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Wang Yanzheng


modern Nanping, Fujian), but after Wang Yanxi was killed by the general Zhu Wenjin, who was himself assassinated thereafter, Wang Yanzheng reclaimed the title of Emperor of Min. His reign would last less than three years overall, though, as Min's northwestern neighbor Southern Tang bore down militarily on him and forced his surrender, ending Min. It is not known when Wang Yanzheng was born. His father was Min's first ruler, Wang Shenzhi (Prince Zhongyi), but his mother's identity is not recorded in
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Wang Yanzheng


and Later Jin.) By fall 945, Jian was in a desperate situation, and eventually, the city fell. Wang Yanzheng surrendered, while Wang Zhongshun died in the battle and Dong took his army and fled back to Quan. Wang Yanzheng was delivered back to the Southern Tang capital Jinling. Li Jing gave him a general title, while executing Yang Sigong per the popular sentiment of the people of Jian. He also commissioned his general Wang Chongwen (王崇文) to be the military governor of a newly established Yong'an Circuit
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Wang Jichang


of one of Wang Shenzhi's brothers, Wang Chao or Wang Shengui (王審邽)). His parents' identity were not otherwise given in traditional histories. In 943, Wang Yanzheng, then in civil war against his brother, then-reigning Min emperor Wang Xi (Emperor Jingzong), declared himself the emperor of a new branch state Yin at his stronghold of Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian). He made Wang Jichang "Menxia Shilang" (門下侍郎) and chancellor with the designation "Tong
15086030
Wang Yanzheng


and fruits, such that the resentful people referred to Yang as "Yang the Skinner." In summer 943, Chen Wang attacked Fu Prefecture and advanced into the city through its west gate, but was eventually repelled and forced to withdraw. Shortly later, Pan submitted a petition, pointing out 10 things that, in Pan's opinion, were problematic with Wang Yanzheng's rule of the Yin state: In anger, Wang Yanzheng stripped Pan of his titles and forced him to retire to his mansion. In 944, Yin
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Wang Yanzheng


stating that it was Wang Yanzheng's order, insisted that Chen attack. Chen was forced to attack the Southern Tang army, and fell into a trap set by the Southern Tang general Zu Quan'en (祖全恩). Chen was killed, and Yang was forced to flee back to Jian. Hearing of this, Wang Yanzheng panicked, summoned additional troops from Quan (commanded by Dong Si'an and Wang Zhongshun) to reinforce Jian's defenses, and prepared for a siege. It was said that the people of Jian, tired of
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Wang Yanzheng


However, before any further peace overtures could be made, the Fu officer Lin Renhan (林仁翰) led an uprising and killed both Lian and Zhu. He then opened the city gates to welcome Wu in, and also offered Lian's and Zhu's heads to Wang Yanzheng. The Min officials submitted petitions to Wang Yanzheng, urging him to change the name of the state back to Min and to return the capital to Fu. Wang accepted the first proposal and claimed the title of Emperor of Min, but declined the second
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Wang Yanzheng


's secretary Pan Chengyou suggested that he seek peace, but Wang Yanzheng refused. Shortly after, he claimed the title of Generalissimo (兵馬元帥, "Bingma Yuanshuai"). In 942, Wang Yanzheng attacked Ting and put it under siege. Wang Xi launched armies from Quan and Zhang (漳州, in modern Zhangzhou, Fujian) to aid Ting, while launching another army, commanded by the generals Lin Shouliang (林守亮), Huang Jingzhong (黃敬忠), and Huang Shaopo (黃少頗), to try to attack Jian
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Wang Yanxi


, even though he created Wang Yanzheng the Prince of Fusha, the military hostilities between him and Wang Yanzheng resumed, such that it was said that the side of roads between Changle and Jian were overlaid with bones from dead soldiers. Meanwhile, fearing that Wang Jiye's successor at Quan, Wang Jiyan (王繼嚴) (a son of Wang Yanjun's, and therefore also a nephew) was becoming popular with the people, he recalled Wang Jiyan and then poisoned Wang Jiyan to death. Shortly after, he created Wang Yacheng
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Chen Hongjin


Emperor Jingzong), concerned that his younger brother Wang Yanxi (王延喜) the prefect of Ting was getting ready to join the cause of another brother, Wang Yanzheng, who had risen against his rule at Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian), sent the general Xu Renqin (許仁欽) with 3,000 men to launch a surprise attack on Ting, capturing Wang Yanxi.) As of 944, the Min state was in turmoil, as the general Zhu Wenjin had just assassinated the emperor Wang Yanxi (Emperor
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Liu Congxiao


, even before Du arrived, Liu led the Quan army and engaged Zhu's army, killing Lin in battle and capturing Li. Subsequently, Zhu was assassinated by his officer Li Renhan (李仁翰), who surrendered Fu to Wang Yanzheng, who then took the title of Emperor of Min. However, a subsequent rebellion led by Li Renda at Fu wrested that region away from Wang Yanzheng, and Wang Yanzheng's capital Jian Prefecture then came under attack by the Southern Tang general Cha Wenhui (查文徽). During the Jian
11128846
Wang Yanxi


him the title (citing the longstanding tradition of Weiwu being seated at Changle), but commissioned him as the military governor of a new Zhen'an Circuit (鎮安), to be headquartered at Jian. (Wang Yanzheng, though, did not like the name of Zhen'an, and therefore referred to himself as military governor of Zhenwu (鎮武).) Also in 941, Wang Xi commissioned his son Wang Yacheng as chancellor and the commander of the imperial guards. Later that year, suspecting an alliance between Wang Yanzheng and Wang
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Wang Yanzheng


Xu Wenzhen (許文稹) did so shortly after as well. Zhu, faced with these prefectures' turning against him, sent the generals Lin Shouliang (林守諒) and Li Ting'e (李廷鍔) to attack Quan, and Wang Yanzheng sent the general Du Jin (杜進) to aid Liu in defending Quan. Liu engaged Lin and Li, defeating Lin and capturing Li. Wang Yanzheng then sent Wu to attack Fu again, and Zhu sought aid from Wuyue. Meanwhile, the Southern Tang general Cha Wenhui (查文徽) launched
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Wang Yanxi


Chenwei Corps. He commissioned (presumably by this point) his father-in-law Li Zhen as chancellor. A number of sorcerers who had misled Wang Jipeng were executed. However, Wang Xi, once his power was affirmed, turned out to be arrogant, licentious, and cruel, and he was suspicious of other members of the Wang imperial clan. His younger brother Wang Yanzheng the prefect of Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian) often wrote him to try to correct his behavior, but that
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Wang Yanxi


subject, treat Your Imperial Majesty as Emperor Taizong of Tang, and that is why I am trying to be Wei Zheng." Only then was Wang's anger soothed somewhat, and he released Liu, but Liu later died due to anxiety from this incident. Early in 944, Li Bian's son and successor Li Jing wrote both Wang Xi and Wang Yanzheng to rebuke them for their intrafamily family war. Wang Xi's return letter to Li Jing cited the examples of the Duke of Zhou's executions of his brothers the
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Lian Chongyu


Lian Chongyu (連重遇) (d. February 14, 945) was a general of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min. In 944, he and another general, Zhu Wenjin, assassinated the emperor Wang Yanxi (also known as Wang Xi, Emperor Jingzong). He then supported Zhu as the new emperor of the Min state, but the officer Lin Renhan (林仁翰) assassinated him and Zhu less than a year later and submitted to Wang Yanxi's brother Wang Yanzheng, who had been warring with Wang
11073439
Zhu Wenjin


Zhu Wenjin (朱文進) (d. February 14, 945) was a general of, and later a claimant of the throne of, the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min. In 944, he assassinated the emperor Wang Yanxi (also known as Wang Xi, Emperor Jingzong) and tried to take over control of the Min state, but his officer Lin Renhan (林仁翰) assassinated him less than a year later and submitted to Wang Yanxi's brother Wang Yanzheng, who had been warring with Wang Yanxi.
21599686
Lian Chongyu


Wang Yanzheng, the officer Lin Renhan led a group of 30 soldiers in attacking Lian's mansion, stating to them, "We have served the Wang clan for generations. Now we are under the control of an usurper. If the Prince of Fusha [(i.e., Wang Yanzheng, who carried the title of Prince of Fusha under Wang Yanxi)] arrived, how could we see him again?" He personally killed Lian, and then cut off Lian's head to show the rest of the army, stating to
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Wang Jichang


Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi" (同中書門下平章事). In 944, Wang Xi's general Zhu Wenjin assassinated Wang Xi and took the throne himself, but later that year was in turn killed by the general Lin Renhan (林仁翰), who then submitted the Min capital Fu Prefecture (福州, in modern Fuzhou, Fujian) to Wang Yanzheng. The senior officials remaining at Fu went to Jian to request that he change the name of his state back to Min and move the capital back to Fu. Wang Yanzheng agreed to the former
15086031
Chen Hongjin


Chen declared to them, "The righteous forces have already killed Zhu at Fu. I am going to pay homage to the new emperor. Why are you still defending this position?" He also showed Huang's head to them. Upon seeing Huang's head, the Fu detachment scattered and fled, and several of the officers accompanied him to Jian to pay homage to Wang Yanzheng. Wang Yanzheng commissioned Wang Jixun as the prefect of Quan, and commissioned Liu, Wang Zhongshun, Dong, and Chen all as commanders of
12625787
Wang Yanxi


Renyu (李仁遇) (the son of one of his sisters and the chancellor Li Min (李敏), and brother to Wang Jipeng's first wife) and Li Guangzhun (李光準) chancellors—in Li Renyu's case, because Li Renyu, who was described to be young and handsome, gained his favor by apparently having sexual relations with him. In spring 943, Wang Yanzheng formally declared himself emperor of a breakaway state of Yin. Meanwhile, Wang Xi took the daughter of the general Shang Baoyin (尚保殷)
20548138
Wang Yanxi


Lords of Guan and Cai and Emperor Taizong's killing of his brothers Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji. Wang Yanzheng's return letter to Li Jing, however, was more confrontational, rebuking Li Jing's father Li Bian for usurping the throne of Southern Tang's predecessor state Wu. In anger, Li Jing cut off relations with Yin. Meanwhile, over the years, Zhu Wenjin and Lian Chongyu had continued to be concerned that they would be killed on account of having killed Wang Jipeng. They became increasingly fearful after Wang Xi
20548142
Liu Congxiao


siege, Wang Yanzheng ordered Quan to send a 5,000-men detachment to Jian to help defend the city; that detachment was commanded by Dong and Wang Zhongshun. In fall 945, Jian fell to Southern Tang forces, and Wang Yanzheng surrendered. (Wang Zhongshun died in the battle, and Dong Si'an took the remnants of his army and fled back to Quan.) Initially, virtually the entire former Min domain submitted to Southern Tang's emperor Li Jing, including even Li Renda, who, however, continued to hold actual control
11128847
Zhuo Yanming


Min traditional capital Fu Prefecture. While being a monk, he became respected by the populace. In 945, Li Renda, leading a revolt against the Min emperor Wang Yanzheng (whose capital was at that point at Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian), not at Fu), killed Wang Yanzheng's nephew Wang Jichang, whom he had left in command at Fu, and Wang Jichang's assistant general Wu Chengyi (吳成義), seizing control of Fu. Li considered formally taking over himself, but
15775629
Wang Yanzheng


father Li Bian's usurpation of the throne from Southern Tang's predecessor state Wu. Li Jing, in anger, cut off relationships with Yin. Later in 944, Wang Xi was assassinated by his generals Zhu Wenjin and Lian Chongyu. Lian supported Zhu to be the new emperor of Min, and slaughtered the Wang clan members remaining at Fu Prefecture. Hearing this, Wang Yanzheng sent the general Wu Chengyi (吳成義) to attack Zhu, but was unsuccessful at that time. Shortly after, however, the Quan Prefecture officers
2008209
Yang Renquan


") of Ningguo Circuit (寧國, headquartered in modern Xuancheng, Anhui — an honorary title as Ningguo was then the territory of Wuyue's northern neighbor Wu) and chancellor (同中書門下平章事, "Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi").) Before they could arrive, however, Wang Yanzheng had already defeated Wang Yanxi's army himself and therefore asked the Wuyue army to withdraw, offering it gifts for doing so. Yang refused, and set up camp near Jian. Wang Yanzheng, in fear, turned to Wang Yanxi and asked
932420
Yang Renquan


"him" for aid. Wang Yanxi sent his nephew Wang Jiye (王繼業) to aid Wang Yanzheng and also sent another army to cut off the Wuyue army's supply route. With torrential rains arriving and the food supply running low for the Wuyue army, Wang Yanzheng attacked it and defeated it, forcing Yang to withdraw. In 941, Qian Yuanguan died, and his son Qian Hongzuo succeeded him as king. It appeared that Yang Renquan continued to carry the title of military governor of Ningguo. In 943, Qian
932421
Zhang Hansi


as there were no biographies of his in traditional histories—although he was described as being old aged at the time of his eventual death. In any case, as of 944, he was serving as an army officer at Min's Quan Prefecture (泉州, in modern Quanzhou, Fujian). At that time, the Min state was in turmoil, as the general Zhu Wenjin had just assassinated the emperor Wang Yanxi (Emperor Jingzong) and seized the throne, and was battling with Wang Yanxi's younger brother Wang Yanzheng
12504532
Yin (Five Dynasties period)


, rebelled and carved out the Yin Kingdom out of the northwestern part of the Min kingdom. The Yin kingdom was rather small, occupying an area in present-day northern Fujian and southern Zhejiang. It was bounded by Wuyue to the north, Min to the south and east and the Southern Tang to the west. In 944, Wang Yanzheng's brother and rival as the Emperor of Min, Wang Yanxi, was assassinated. Wang Yanxi's general Zhu Wenjin claimed the Min throne. In 945, Zhu was assassinated,
16901509
Lian Chongyu


executed, although he had Wang Yanxi buried with ceremony due an emperor. When the official Zheng Yuanbi (鄭元弼) refused to submit to him, he first forced Zheng into retirement, and when Zheng tried to flee to Wang Yanxi's younger brother Wang Yanzheng — who had been in civil war with Wang Yanxi for years and who had claimed the title of emperor of a splinter state of Yin at Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian) — he had Zheng killed. He put Lian Chongyu in charge of
11073449
Li Jing (Southern Tang)


when Li Jing saw him, pointed out that this was ill-advised and would cut off the rest of the government from him, causing Li Jing to withdraw this policy. Later in the year, with Southern Tang's southeastern neighbor Min embroiled in a civil war between its emperor Wang Xi and Wang Xi's brother Wang Yanzheng, who had declared himself emperor of a new state of Yin, Li Jing sent them letters, rebuking them for a fraternal civil war and urging them to make peace. Neither listened: Wang
13485977
Zhu Wenjin


he had Wang Yanxi buried with ceremony due an emperor. When the official Zheng Yuanbi (鄭元弼) refused to submit to him, he first forced Zheng into retirement, and when Zheng tried to flee to Wang Yanxi's younger brother Wang Yanzheng — who had been in civil war with Wang Yanxi for years and who had claimed the title of emperor of a splinter state of Yin at Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian) — he had Zheng killed. He put Lian Chongyu in charge of the army.
21599695
Chen Hongjin


Jingzong) and seized the throne, and was battling with Wang Yanxi's younger brother Wang Yanzheng (who had earlier declared himself the emperor of a new branch state of Yin) for the control of the realm. Zhu, after his coup, sent the general Huang Shaopo (黃紹頗) to serve as the prefect of Quan. The officer Liu Congxiao encouraged other officers, including Wang Zhongshun (王忠順), Zhang Hansi, and Dong Si'an (董思安) to join him in a plot against Huang, arguing that they,
12625785
Wang Jichang


often taking to drinking, not caring about his soldiers. The soldiers and the officers thus came to resent him. Two former officers, Li Renda and Chen Jixun (陳繼珣), in particular, were worried for themselves because they had both defected from Wang Yanzheng's army previously. They met with Huang and persuaded him that Wang Yanzheng himself was in such a precarious position to defend against the Southern Tang attack such that they should rebel against him and seize control of Fu for themselves. Huang agreed. That day, they
15086033
Lin Ding


missing parts. In 937, after Qian Yuanguan assumed the title of King of Wuyue, he made Lin to be his cultural officer. Lin was later made chancellor. As chancellor, Lin was said to be attentive to pointing out the problems in Qian Yuanguan's administration without avoiding difficult discussions. In 940, when Qian Yuanguan became intent to intervene in the civil war of Wuyue's southern neighbor Min (between Min's king Wang Yanxi and Wang Yanxi's younger brother Wang Yanzheng), Lin tried to dissuade him, but
1316376
Bian Hao


southeastern neighbor Min deeply divided by a civil war (with the general Zhu Wenjin having assassinated the emperor Wang Xi and claimed the title of Emperor of Min himself at Min's traditional capital Fu Prefecture (福州, in modern Fuzhou, Fujian), and with Wang Xi's younger brother Wang Yanzheng having claimed the title of Emperor of Yin at Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian), although after Zhu's subsequent assassination he reclaimed the title of Emperor of Min), the Southern Tang general Cha Wenhui (
13552291
Li Renda


Renda himself at some point became an officer—the commander of the Yuancong Corps (元從)—for Min, but after reaching that position, did not receive another promotion for 15 years. During the time that Wang Shenzhi's son Wang Xi (Emperor Jingzong) (with his capital at Min's traditional capital Fu Prefecture) and his younger brother Wang Yanzheng (with his headquarters at Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian) and who would later claim the title of emperor of a new branch state of Yin) were
15383475
Qian Yuanguan


King of Wuyue. Qian Yuanguan thereafter took on the same royal trappings that his father did as King of Wuyue. He created his son Qian Hongzun as his heir, and made Cao Zhongda, Shen Song, and Pi Guangye his chancellors. In 939, Qian Yuanguan's wife Lady Ma died. In 940, Wang Xi the Prince of Min was having a major dispute with his younger brother Wang Yanzheng the prefect of Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian) that developed into a military conflict. Wang Xi
15852465
Li Jing (Southern Tang)


Xi wrote back and invoked the precedents of the Duke of Zhou executing his rebellious brothers Lord Guan and Lord Cai, and Emperor Taizong of Tang killing his brothers Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji, while Wang Yanzheng wrote back and rebuked Li Jing (and his father Li Bian) for usurping the Wu throne. In anger, Li Jing cut off diplomatic relations with Yin. In summer 944, after Wang Xi was assassinated by his general Zhu Wenjin, who then claimed the Min throne, Zhu sent emissaries to Southern Tang, hoping
13485978
Yang Sigong


possible that Yang had served on his staff previously). In 943, Wang Yanzheng, who had been locked in a civil war against his brother Wang Xi the Emperor of Min (Emperor Jingzong), declared himself the emperor of a new state of Yin. He initially commissioned Yang as the minister of defense (兵部尚書, "Bingbu Shangshu"), and then gave him the titles of "Pushe" (僕射) and "Lu Junguo Shi" (錄軍國事), effectively making him a chancellor (albeit with a
10848172
Wang Yanzheng


an attack on Jian, but when he heard that Zhang, Quan, and Ting had all submitted to Yin, he withdrew to Jianyang (建陽, in modern Nanping). Hearing of the Southern Tang attack, though, Wu decided to use it to trick the people of Fu — declaring to them that, indeed, Southern Tang was "aiding" Yin in attacking the rebellious Zhu. Zhu tried to sue for peace by sending his chancellor Li Guangzhun (李光准) to surrender the Min imperial seal to Wang Yanzheng.
2008212
Zhu Wenjin


Cha Wenhui (查文徽). However, hearing of this, Wu decided to take advantage to intimidate the people at Fu, claiming (falsely) that the Southern Tang army was intending to "aid" the Yin army in attacking Fu. This caused great fear in the people at Fu, and apparently caused Zhu to have the chancellor Li Guangzhun (李光準) to take the imperial seals to offer them to Wang Yanzheng (i.e., effectively to surrender). Shortly after, before any negotiations could begin with Wang Yanzheng,
21599701
Lin Ding


was unable to stop him from sending a detachment commanded by the generals Yang Renquan and Xue Wanzhong (薛萬忠) to intervene on Wang Yanzheng's behalf. The mission turned in failure when the Wang brothers ended up rejoining forces against the Wuyue army. The people respected Lin for foreseeing the lack of accomplishment of the mission. Qian Yuanguan died in 941 and was succeeded by his son Qian Hongzuo. Lin Ding remained chancellor. He died in 944 and was given the posthumous name "Zhenxian" (貞獻, "honest and wise
1316377
Yang Sigong


Yang Sigong (楊思恭) (d. 945), nicknamed Skinner Yang (楊剝皮, "Yang Baopi"), was an official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min and Min's branch state Yin. He became a trusted official during the reign of Yin's only emperor (later Min's emperor as well) Wang Yanzheng and became known for harsh taxes against the people, leading to the people turning against Wang Yanzheng and welcoming an invading Southern Tang army, leading to Min's fall. Little is
10848170
Li Bian


's emperor Shi Jingtang subsequently tried to return the 570 Southern Tang captives to Southern Tang, Li Bian refused to accept them, citing, in a letter to Shi, that they violated his orders. They remained at Later Jin subsequently. Around the same time, Min's emperor Wang Xi and his brother Wang Yanzheng, who controlled Jian Prefecture, were embroiled in a civil war. Li Bian sent the official Shang Quangong (尚全恭) to Min on a diplomatic mission to try to help end the Min civil war. Under
14775080
Li Jing (Southern Tang)


Min official Lin Renhan (林仁翰) used this opportunity to rise against Zhu, first killing Zhu's confederate Lian Chongyu, and then Zhu, and then opened the city to welcome Wu in. Shortly after, Wang Yanzheng claimed the Min throne, but kept his capital at Jian rather than moving it back to Changle. Soon thereafter, the Southern Tang general Zu Quan'en (祖全恩), whom Li sent to reinforce Cha, crushed the Min army commanded by Wang Yanzheng's chancellor Yang Sigong, and then put Jian under siege
13485981
Pan Chengyou


Wang Xi's creation of those titles for Wang Yancheng), Wang Xi and Wang Yanzheng had been engaged in a long-time military conflict. Pan advised the cessation of conflict, but Wang Yancheng paid no heed to his advice. When an emissary from Wang Xi (who had claimed imperial title by that point) arrived, Wang Yancheng demonstrated his army to the emissary as a show of force and was very arrogant in his words to the emissary. Pan knelt and advised more humility, and Wang Yancheng responded angrily by
8622528
Wang Yanxi


(who wanted the two states to be treated equally, angering Shi), received Wang Xi's petition, and thereafter created him the King of Min and gave him the titles of military governor ("Jiedushi") of Weiwu Circuit (威武, headquartered at Changle)—a tradition title held by Min's rulers when in subordination to the central Chinese regimes—and honorary chancellor title of "Zhongshu Ling" (中書令). In 941, when Wang Yanzheng requested the title of military governor of Weiwu, Wang Xi declined to give
20548130
Wang Yanzheng


, due to the impending Southern Tang attack. Rather, he made Fu the southern capital and sent his nephew Wang Jichang to defend it, while summoning the remaining imperial guards from Fu. Meanwhile, at Cha Wenhui's request, Li Jing sent additional troops to reinforce his army to again prepare to attack Jian. Wang sent Yang Sigong and Chen Wang to resist. Chen initially took a defensive posture and set up his defense on a river, and the Southern Tang army did not dare to attack. However, Yang,
2008214
Zhu Wenjin


the officer Lin Renhan led a group of 30 soldiers in attacking Lian's mansion, stating to them, "We have served the Wang clan for generations. Now we are under the control of an usurper. If the Prince of Fusha [(i.e., Wang Yanzheng, who carried the title of Prince of Fusha under Wang Yanxi)] arrived, how could we see him again?" He personally killed Lian, and then cut off Lian's head to show the rest of the army, stating to them, "
21599702
Liu Congxiao


to them and stated (falsely, as it stood): The soldiers became roused by his words and followed him in attacking Huang. They climbed over the walls of the headquarters and killed Huang. Liu then took the prefectural government seal and presented it to Wang Jixun (王繼勳), a nephew of Wang Yanzheng's who resided at Quan, asking Wang Jixun to serve as acting prefect. Liu himself took the title of "Commander of the Army Against the Bandits" (平賊統軍使). He boxed Huang's head and
11128844
Chen Hongjin


the Quan army. After Wang Yanzheng himself was attacked by and surrendered to Southern Tang, Quan came under allegiance to Southern Tang. In 946, Liu, alleging that Wang Jixun was incompetent, removed him; Southern Tang's emperor Li Jing then summoned Wang Jixun to the capital Jinling and left Liu in control of Quan. After Li subsequently commissioned Liu as the military governor ("Jiedushi") of Qingyuan Circuit, Chen, serving as the commander of the army, shared the command with Zhang, who became deputy military
12625788
Bian Hao


查文徽) advocated a campaign against Wang Yanzheng. Li Jing agreed and commissioned Cha to command the army against Wang. Bian was assigned to serve under Cha, as the army's discipline officer. In fall 945, Bian captured Xin Prefecture (鐔州, in modern Nanping), and participated in the subsequent capture of Jian, which forced Wang's surrender. It was said that all of the officers argued for credit for their achievements during the campaign, but Bian was silent. By 951, another Southern Tang neighboring state —
13552292
Yin (Five Dynasties period)


The Yin () was a short-lived kingdom during China's Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period which lasted from 907 to 960 and bridged the time between the fall of the Tang Dynasty and the foundation of the Song Dynasty. The Min kingdom was founded in 909 after the Tang Dynasty collapsed. However, after the founder of the kingdom, Wang Shenzhi, died in 925, the sons squabbled with one another. In 943, that led to an all out rebellion as one of Wang Shenzhi's sons, Wang Yanzheng
16901508
Empress Zhang (Wang Yanzheng's wife)


Emperor Jingzong of Min), she was the Princess of Fusha. It is not known whether she bore any children for him, including whether she was the mother of his only known son, Wang Jiyi (王繼沂). In 943, when he declared himself the emperor of a new state of Yin in competition with Wang Xi, he created her empress. That was the last historical reference to her, and it is not known when she died. (She is traditionally listed as one of the empresses of Min,
2306350
Li Renda


engaged in civil war, Li defected from Wang Xi's imperial regime to Wang Yanzheng, who made Li one of his generals. However, when the general Zhu Wenjin assassinated Wang Xi in 944 and claimed the throne himself, Li redefected to Zhu and offered strategies to capture Jian. Zhu, disliking Li for his treacherousness, refused to give him any commissions and forced him into retirement at Fuqing (福清, in modern Fuzhou). In late 944, Zhu had in turn been assassinated by the officer Lin Renhan (林仁翰
15383476
Pan Chengyou


, Wang Yanzheng stripped Pan of his titles and forced him to retire to his mansion. In 945, after a Southern Tang siege of Jian, Wang Yancheng, who by then was carrying the title of Emperor of Min (as Wang Xi had been assassinated by his generals Zhu Wenjin and Lian Chongyu, who themselves were later killed in a countercoup led by Lin Renhan (林仁翰)), surrendered to the Southern Tang commanding general Cha Wenhui (查文徽), ending Min. Cha treated Pan Chengyou with respect. Southern Tang
8622531
Yang Sigong


took a defensive posture and set up his defense on a river, and the Southern Tang army did not dare to attack. However, Yang, stating that it was Wang Yanzheng's order, insisted that Chen attack. Chen was forced to attack the Southern Tang army, and fell into a trap set by the Southern Tang general Zu Quan'en (祖全恩). Chen was killed, and Yang was forced to flee back to Jian. It was said that the people of Jian, tired of the warfare among the Wang clan
10848175
Li Renda


a new name of Li Hongyi. In fall 945, Jian Prefecture fell to the sieging Southern Tang troops commanded by the general Cha Wenhui (查文徽). Wang Yanzheng surrendered, ending Min, and subsequently, all of the former Min realm (at least nominally) submitted to Southern Tang. Subsequently, a member of the Min imperial clan, Wang Jixun (王繼勳), who was then the prefect of Quan, wrote to Li Renda, offering to establish friendly relations, but Li Renda took offense, as traditionally,
15383484
Zhu Wenjin


of emperor. Instead, he claimed only the title of acting military governor of Weiwu Circuit (威武, headquartered at Fu Prefecture) and acting overseer of the state of Min, and he sent emissaries to Later Jin to submit as a subject. In response, Later Jin's emperor Shi Chonggui commissioned him as full military governor of Weiwu and acting overseer of Min. In winter 944, a group of officers at Quan, led by Liu Congxiao, rose up against and killed Huang, submitting to Wang Yanzheng and supporting Wang
21599698
Pan Chengyou


and chancellor as well, but with the lesser designation "Lu Junguo Shi" (錄軍國事). Still, Yang appeared to be trusted more by Wang Yancheng through his ability to extract funds for the emperor's use, including heavy property taxes and even taxes on daily essentials, leading him to receive the nickname "Skinner Yang" (楊剝皮). Shortly later, Pan submitted a petition, pointing out 10 things that, in Pan's opinion, were problematic with Wang Yanzheng's rule of the Yin state: In anger
8622530
Lian Chongyu


the army. He also tried to reverse some of Wang Yanxi's unpopular policies, by ending palace construction projects and by releasing the ladies in waiting from palace service. Wang Yanzheng immediately sent his general Wu Chengyi (吳成義) to attack Min's capital Fu Prefecture (福州, in modern Fuzhou), but was unable to capture it. Thereafter, Zhu sent the army officers Huang Shaopo (黃紹頗) to serve as the prefect of Quan and Cheng Wenwei (程文緯) to serve as the prefect of Zhang, apparently to
11073450
Ma Xiyin


Jingjiang for Southern Han. Ma Xiyin later went to Southern Tang and was settled at Yang Prefecture (揚州, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) with Ma Xichong and the rest of the Ma family. In 956, Southern Tang came under attack by its northern neighbor Later Zhou, and Yang Prefecture fell to the invading Later Zhou forces. Later Zhou's emperor Guo Rong ordered that Ma Xichong (along with Wang Jiyi (王繼沂), the son of Min's last emperor Wang Yanzheng, who was also settled by Southern Tang
12088917