José María Sicilia [SEP] languages spoken or written
José María Sicilia


José María Sicilia (born 1954) is a Spanish abstractionist painter who currently resides in Paris and Sóller. Sicilia was born in Madrid and grew up in Francoist Spain. He spent his holidays in the monastery town of Escorial near the Sierra de Guadarrama. In 1975 he joined the School of Fine Arts of San Fernando in Madrid. In 1980 he moved to Paris, where he first exhibited, and in 1985 he relocated to New York, where he became a close friend of the composer John Cage. His early work displayed
13298559
Es Baluard


of contemporary languages: from painting and sculpture to drawing, photography, video and installations with works by Marina Abramović, Miquel Barceló, Jim Bird, Christian Boltanski, José Manuel Broto, Miguel Angel Campano, Ramon Canet, Maria Carbonero, Anthony Caro, Toni Catany, Alberto García-Alix, Rebecca Horn, Ñaco Fabré, Anselm Kiefer, Imi Knoebel, Jorge Mayet, Joan Morey, José María Sicilia and Juan Uslé, etc. The Es Baluard Museu d’Art Modern i Contemporani de Palma collection contains works acquired by the museum
15492006
Antón Lamazares


Antón Lamazares (1954) is a Spanish painter, who is, along with José María Sicilia, Miquel Barceló and Víctor Mira, a member of the "generación de los 80". Working elaborate surfaces of wood and cardboard with varnish and other materials, he has created a very personal medium and artistic language. From an initially playful expressionism, his style has developed toward abstract expressionism and straightforward abstraction, and, more recently, a sort of minimalism in which an intimate dialogue between soul and memory, the spiritual and the
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José María


María" and "María José" is determined by their first component. The name "José María" is colloquially shortened to "José Mari", "Josema" or replaced by the hypocoristic forms "Chema", "Chemari" or "Chemis". There are also combinations of other male given names with "María", for example "Carlos María", "Juan María" and "Luis María". "José María", with its Portuguese language equivalent José Maria (notice the absence of the acute
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José María


José María (abbreviated José Mª) is a Spanish language male given name, usually considered a single given name rather than two names, and is a combination of the Spanish names of Joseph and Mary, the parents of Jesus Christ. The separate names "José" for males and "María" for females also exist in the Spanish language. They can also combine in the inverse order forming the "female" name "María José" (Mª José); that is, the gender of the compound names "José
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José María Sicilia


"Jose Maria Sicilia's paintings are... refined and very seductive. His waxen surfaces create delicate plays of light and shadow. Objects appear like auras or afterimages through the translucent veneers." He has displayed at the Musee d’Art Contemporain (Bordeaux, 2001), Musee des Beaux-Arts (Caen, 2000), Venice Biennale (1986), Centro Atlantico de Arte Moderno, Gran Canaria and Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil Museum, Cairo. He also held multiple exhibitions in Japan, first in 1988, based in galleries in Nagasaki
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José Manuel Broto Gimeno


José Manuel Broto Gimeno (born 1949 in Zaragoza) is a Spanish painter. He studied at the Escuela de Artes y Oficios de Zaragoza (School of Arts and Crafts in Zaragoza), and first exhibited in 1969. In 1972 he went to live in Barcelona where he formed the Trama Group with Grau, Rubio, and Tena. In 1985 he transferred his residence to Paris. After ten years in Paris where he met other Spanish artists such as Miquel Barceló, Miguel Angel Campano and José María Sicilia, he moved to
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Miguel Ángel Campano


allowed him to get to know the work of painters who have inspired his work at different times, such as Cezanne and Delacroix, among many others. In the 1980s he participated in the great collective exhibitions of the time of young Spanish artists – Miquel Barceló, José Manuel Broto, and José María Sicilia – in Spain, France and the United States, as well as in individual exhibitions throughout Spain – from Navarre to Granada – France – Nimes and Paris – and in Brussels (Belgium). The whole of his work
1954427
Sicilia (Roman province)


Diodorus Siculus and Caecilius of Calacte. The non-Greek languages of Sicily (Sican, Sicel, Elymian, and Punic) probably continued to be spoken in the countryside and employed in traditional religious cults, but were absent from elite and written contexts. There is direct testimony only for Punic (a brief inscription of the 2nd or 1st century BC from Aegusa). Some Mamertines probably retained their Italic dialect. With the establishment of six Roman "coloniae" at the beginning of the Imperial period, Sicily received a large influx
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Literary costumbrismo


and 20th centuries. In the 19th it was even written serious literature in dialects like Extremaduran language (José María Gabriel y Galán, Luis chamizo), Asturian language or even the Murcian language. In the 20th century stand out Quintero brothers for their Andalusian costumbrist comedies and Carlos Arniches for his pieces from Madrid; the costumbrist element appears as fundamental in the expressionist painter and writer José Gutiérez Solana, one of the few costumbrist writers who doesn’t extol the popular aspects and who shows himself brutally critic in, for example, "
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Salentino dialect


Salentino is a dialect of the Sicilian language spoken in the Salento region (province of Lecce, almost all the province of Brindisi, and part of the province of Taranto). Salentino is a dialect of the south Apulia language. It is thus closer to the Calabrian dialect than to the geographically less distant dialects of central and northern Apulia and Sicilia. The traditional areas where Salentino is spoken are the aforementioned province of Lecce, much of the southern part of the province of Brindisi, and the southern part of Taranto province.
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Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies


María de las Mercedes de Borbón-Dos Sicilias y Orléans, Countess of Barcelona (Spanish: "Doña María de las Mercedes Cristina Genara Isabel Luisa Carolina Victoria y Todos los Santos de Borbón-Dos Sicilias y Orléans" (; 23 December 1910 – 2 January 2000) was the mother of Juan Carlos I, King of Spain from 1975 to 2014, and grandmother of the reigning Spanish King, Felipe VI María was born in Madrid, daughter of Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Infante of Spain, a grandson of
16582732
Flash fiction


authors of microstories, including Augusto Monterroso ("El dinosaurio") and Luis Felipe Lomelí ("El Emigrante"). Their microstories are some of the shortest ever written in that language. In Spain, authors of "microrrelatos" (very short fictions) have included Andrés Neuman, Ramón Gómez de la Serna, José Jiménez Lozano, Javier Tomeo, José María Merino, Juan José Millás, and Óscar Esquivias. In his collection "La mitad del diablo" (Páginas de Espuma, 2006), included the one
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José María Sicilia


an Expressionist tendency. During the 1980s he was hailed as one of the most prestigious young Spanish artists. He is known for his paintings of nature, including landscapes, insects and flowers. He has spent a large amount of time travelling in such countries as Tangier, Syria, Egypt, Morocco and India and his work is inspired by his sojourns. He is renowned for his unusual techniques such as the use of wax with lithography. Reviewing an exhibition at the Queens Museum of Art, "The New York Times" noted
13298560
Written language


A written language is the representation of a spoken or gestural language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will pick up spoken language or sign language by exposure even if they are not formally instructed. A written language exists only as a complement to a specific spoken language, and no natural language is purely written. Written languages change more slowly than corresponding spoken languages. When at least one register of a language is strongly divergent from spoken language, the
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Miguel Enríquez (privateer)


, served as the godfather of his brother, José Enríquez, despite the fact that he was also considered an illegitimate child. It seems likely that both Miguel and José shared the same father. Enríquez also possessed several sacramental objects and books written in Latin, which was a language only used by the clergy, now considered to have been inherited from his father. He was the youngest of four siblings, the others being María and Juan. José died soon after his birth, before reaching his first year. They lived in
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BCMC College of Engineering & Technology


Course; 03-months course 2. English Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 3. Spanish Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 4. German (Deutsch) Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 5. Arabic Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 6. Japanese Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 7. Korean Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 8. Chinese Language Training Course (Spoken &
1156668
Cuéllar Castle


I and his wife the Queen Leonor de Aragón y de Sicilia, that died on it, or María de Molina, that took refuge on this castle when her Kingdom was rejecting her. Also stands out figures as the painter Francisco Javier Parcerisa, or the writer José de Espronceda, the generals Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo and Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington, who set his garrison barracks in this castle during the Spanish War of Independence. The Dukes of Alburquerque lived in this castle for centuries until they moved to Madrid to
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Catania


and were written in a mixture of both literary language and local dialect. Francesco Longo Mancini was a painter known for paintings of nudes who was born in Catania in 1880. The city's patron saint is Saint Agatha, who is celebrated with a religious pageantry, the Festival of Saint Agatha, on February 5 every year. The city is base of the newspaper "La Sicilia" and of the TV-channel Antenna Sicilia also known as Sicilia Channel. Several others local television channels and free-press magazines have their headquarters
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Oto-Manguean languages


southern Puebla state near Tehuacán and Tepexi de Rodríguez (c. 30,000 speakers), and the closely related Chocho language (c. 700 speakers) spoken in Northern Oaxaca state, and the 8 different Mazatecan languages spoken in northern Oaxaca (c. 120,000 speakers), and the nearly extinct Ixcatec language spoken in Santa María Ixcatlán (< 8 speakers). The Popolocan languages should not be confused with the languages called Popoluca spoken in the state of Veracruz, which belong to the unrelated Mixe–Zoquean language family. The Mazatecan languages are known
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Language development


more skilled. Kroll considers the second phase in writing development to be consolidation. Here, children begin to consolidate spoken and written language. In this phase children's writing skills rely heavily on their spoken language skills, and their written and spoken language becoming integrated. Children's written language skills become stronger as they use their spoken language skills to improve their writing. Then in turn, when a development in children's written language skills is seen, their spoken language skills have also improved. A child's written language in this
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Tomás Frías Province


, José María Linares Province in the south, and Cornelio Saavedra Province in the east. The province extends over 115 km from east to west and from north to south. The Potosí mountain range traverses the province. Some of the highest mountains of the province are listed below: The province comprises four municipalities which are further subdivided into cantons. The main language of the province is Spanish, spoken by 84.5%, while 75.5% of the population speak Quechua. The population increased from 167,111 inhabitants (1992 census) to 176,922
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Cornelio Saavedra Province


Department in the northeast, Chayanta Province in the north, Tomás Frías Province in the west, and José María Linares Province in the south and southeast. The province extends over 95 km from east to west and 105 km from north to south. The province comprises three separate municipalities which are further subdivided into cantons. The main language of the province is Quechua, spoken by 78%, while 47% of the population speaks Spanish. The population increased from 52,659 inhabitants (1992 census) to 58,706 (2001 census),
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Tecate


the Kumeyaay people (known in Mexico as Kumiai) people, and the Kumeyaay language is still spoken in the mountains near Tecate at Juntas de Nejí. Kuuchamaa is rich in greenery, wildflowers and birds. Tecatenses as well as tourists are often seen enjoying hikes and bike rides along its many trails. In 1829, the Mexican governor of Alta California José María de Echeandía granted the valley of Tecate as the Rancho Tecate to Juan Bandini. In 1836 the mountain dwelling Kumeyaay with some aid from some former mission neophytes, raided and
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Fundacion Yannick y Ben Jakober


Wurm interglacial period of the Late Pleistocene. There are also works by Dolores Vita, José María Sicilia, Jannis Kounellis, Gerhard Merz and Miquel Barceló (Felanitx, 1957), author of the new chapel in Palma cathedral; some works by Ben Jakober and Yannick Vu and tribal masks from Nepal, Tibet, Africa and the Himalayas. The foundation's library houses more than 7,000 specialized books on art, photography and architecture, catalogued using the MilleniumInnopac program, supplied by the University of the Balearic Islands and shared by the Network
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José María Heredia y Heredia


José María Heredia y Heredia, also known as José María Heredia y Campuzano (December 31, 1803 – May 7, 1839) was a Cuban-born poet considered to be the first romantic poet of the Americas and the initiator of Latin American romanticism. He is known as "El Cantor del Niagara" and regarded as one of the most important poets in the Spanish language. He has also been named . Heredia studied at the University of Havana, and received a law degree in 1823. In the autumn of 1823
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José María Linares Province


The province extends over 120 km from east to west and 85 km from north to south. The Potosí mountain range traverses the province. One of the highest peaks of the province is Khunurana at . Other mountains are listed below: The province comprises three municipalities which are further subdivided into cantons. Until August 15, 2006, when Ckochas Municipality was created, its three cantons, Turuchipa, Duraznos and Esquiri, belonged to the Puna Municipality. The main language of the province is Quechua, spoken by 80%, while 44
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José María Soler García


María Soler"". The José María Soler Foundation, constituted after his death, calls every year Research Awards in order to keep alive Soler's legacy. Soler has written several books on his archaeological works, some others on historical or folkloric research and even one dictionary on Villena's Spanish dialect. Moreover, he has written a hugh quantity of articles in newspapers and magazines, and he has also given many lectures all over Spain. A list of their published books follows: In addition, Villena's City Hall gave his
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Mixe languages


languages, which their speakers call "Ayuujk", "Ayüük" or "Ayuhk". 133,000 people reported their language to be "Mixe" in the 2010 census. A few thousand of the 41,000 who reported their language to be "Popoluca" are presumably Sayula Popoluca (Mixe). Oaxaca Mixe languages are spoken in the Sierra Mixe of eastern Oaxaca. These four languages are: North Highland Mixe, spoken around Totontepec (the most divergent); South Highland Mixe, spoken around Santa María Tlahuitoltepec, Ayutla and Tamazulapan
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Hacienda Chenkú


Elda E. Molina Carrillo. In 1954, the State Congress renamed the estate "Chenkú de Morley", in honor of Sylvanus Morely, who had done so much archeological work in the state and written books about Yucatán. In 1965 the property was owned by José Guy Puerto y Puerto, José María Palomeque Cosgaya y Humberto Rodríguez Perera. When Puerto y Puerto died María Luisa Puerto Espinosa de Ancona, José Guy Puerto Espinosa, Josefina María de Izamal Puerto Espinosa de Peón, Susana Puerto Espinosa de Lizarraga, José Alejandro Puerto Espinosa
18904182
Oto-Manguean languages


of San Francisco Oxtotilpa) and Tlahuica (also called Ocuilteco) (c. 400 speakers in the municipio of Ocuilan) both spoken in the State of Mexico; And the Pamean group composed of the two living Pame languages of San Luís Potosí, Northern Pame  being spoken in communities from the north of Río Verde on the border with Tamaulipas (c. 5500 speakers), and Central Pame  spoken in the town of Santa María Acapulco (c. 4000 speakers), the extinct Southern Pame language, and the Chichimeca Jonaz language spoken in Misión
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José Hernández-Rebollar


Dr. José Hernández-Rebollar is a native of the Mexican state of Puebla. He is a scientist who has made a reputation for himself as a young innovator with big ideas. He invented an electronic glove, which translates hand movements from the American Sign Language into spoken and written words. José Hernández-Rebollar was born July 14, 1969. He arrived in the United States in 1998, when he was granted a Fulbright scholarship to pursue graduate studies at the George Washington University in WDC, which granted him 8 PhD's
16136588
Language planning


often viewed as secondary to spoken language, the vocabulary, grammatical structures and phonological structures of a language often adopt characteristics in the written form that are distinct from the spoken variety. Second, the use of writing often leads to a folk belief that the written language is the 'real' language, and speech is a corruption of it. Written language is viewed as more conservative, while the spoken variety is more susceptible to language change. Isolated relic areas of the spoken language may be less innovative than the written form,
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Spoken language


especially in contrast to written transcriptions of signs. In spoken language, much of the meaning is determined by the context. That contrasts with written language in which more of the meaning is provided directly by the text. In spoken language, the truth of a proposition is determined by common-sense reference to experience, but in written language, a greater emphasis is placed on logical and coherent argument. Similarly, spoken language tends to convey subjective information, including the relationship between the speaker and the audience, whereas written language tends
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José María Sánchez Carrión


José María Sánchez Carrión (born 1952, in Cartagena) is a Spanish linguist, specialised in Basque language, sociolinguistics and historical linguistics. He is an associate member of Euskaltzaindia since 1983. Despite being the best known local academic proponent of reversing language shift measures, he has never held a stable university post in the Basque Country. Nicknamed Txepetx (wren in Basque language), he is an Anglo-Germanic Philology graduate from the University of Salamanca and Basque Philology doctorate from the University of the Basque Country, he has served
8921032
Amapola (song)


"Amapola" is a 1920 song by Spanish American composer José María Lacalle García (later Joseph Lacalle), who also wrote the original lyrics in Spanish. Alternative Spanish lyrics were written by Argentine lyricist in 1924. French lyrics were written by Louis Sauvat and Robert Champfleury. After the death of Lacalle in 1937, English language lyrics were written by Albert Gamse. In the 1930s, the song became a standard of the rhumba repertoire, later crossing-over into pop music charts. "Amapola" was first recorded instrumentally by
15810033
Spoken language


to convey objective information. The relationship between spoken language and written language is complex. Within the field of linguistics the current consensus is that speech is an innate human capability, and written language is a cultural invention. However some linguists, such as those of the Prague school, argue that written and spoken language possess distinct qualities which would argue against written language being dependent on spoken language for its existence. Both vocal and sign languages are composed of words. In vocal languages, words are made up from a limited set of
6491019
Juan Carlos Xama


capital of Biscay, and is a member of the Euskokultur cultural foundation. He has written several books on the history of Euskera and has also published new theories on the problem of languages, especially the ecolinguistic approaches of José María Sánchez Carrión Txepetx, who in 1987 published a book of great importance according to Xamar: "A future for our past: Keys to the recovery of Euskara and social theory of languages". His best known work is "Orhipean", a didactic work on history, geography, customs, originally
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José Posada


José Domingo Posada González (born May 9, 1940), of Galicia, Spain, was a member of the European Parliament from 1994 to 1999 and is the president of Galician Coalition (a regionalist political party now integrated in Commitment to Galicia). Posada came to the spotlight in 1994 as he was the first member of the Parliament to use Galician in his spoken and written communications. This was accepted since Galician was considered to be like Portuguese, which is an official language of the European Union. Since then Posada is
7381817
Spoken language


A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds, as opposed to a written language. Many languages have no written form and so are only spoken. An oral language or vocal language is a language produced with the vocal tract, as opposed to a sign language, which is produced with the hands and face. The term "spoken language" is sometimes used to mean only vocal languages, especially by linguists, making all three terms synonyms by excluding sign languages. Others refer to sign language as "spoken",
6491017
José María del Mar


José María Lasala del Mar (March 19, 1896–June 20, 1982), also known as Joe, was a Filipino journalist, editor, and publisher of "La Prensa", a Spanish language daily newspaper of Cebu City. del Mar was a writer, orator, playwright, theater actor, politician and authority on the Spanish Language. He won the 1965 Zobel Prize for Literature for his article "Perfiles" published (in Spanish) in the 1963 edition of La Opinión newspaper. He founded La Prensa (The Press
9036472
Mirandese language


Peninsula. Mirandese is a descendant of the Astur-Leonese variety spoken in the Kingdom of León and has both archaisms and innovations that differentiate it from the modern varieties of Astur-Leonese spoken in Spain. In recognition of these differences, and due to its political isolation from the rest of the Astur-Leonese speaking territory, Mirandese has adopted a different written norm to the one used in Spain for Astur-Leonese. Lexically, it shares a lot of vocabulary with Portuguese. In the 19th century, José Leite de Vasconcelos
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Baldomero Espartero


, where in La Rioja he married on 13 September 1827 the orphaned daughter of a rich landowner named Ezequiel Martínez de Sicilia y Ruíz de la Cámara (1786–1812) and wife María del Carmen Anacleta Santa Cruz y Oribe (1786–1816), "Doña" María Jacinta Martínez de Sicilia y Santa Cruz, born there on 16 August 1811 and who eventually survived him, dying during 1878, without issue. Henceforth, Logroño became the home of the most prominent of the Spanish political generals of the 19th century. Espartero became, on
4509280
We Will Rock You (musical)


1 October 2003 (official opening on 3 November) to 30 May 2004 at Teatro Calderón, Madrid. The lead role of Galileo was shared by Momo Cortés and Miquel Fernández. The rest of the cast included María Blanco as Scaramouche, Sheilah Cuffy as Killer Queen, Javier Navares as Khashoggi, Ángel Padilla as Brit, Eva María Cortés (sister of Momo Cortés) as Meat, and José María Guzmán and Juanjo Pardo sharing the role of Pop. The Madrid production had all spoken dialogue and the lyrics translated into Spanish,
2808071
Colgado de un sueño


"Colgado de un sueño" (, "Hanging From a Dream") is a song recorded by Spanish singer Serafín Zubiri. The song was written by José María Purón. It is best known as the Spanish entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 2000, held in Stockholm. Serafín Zubiri, had finished fourteenth for Spain in the 1992 Eurovision Song Contest with "Todo esto es la música". José María Purón, had previously written "Vuelve conmigo", the runner up song in the Eurovision Song Contest 1995 representing Spain
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Lexis (linguistics)


dichotomy of spoken and written language which actually entails a shift in paradigm: while linguistic theory posits the superiority of spoken language over written language (as the former is the origin, comes naturally, and thus precedes the written language), or the written over the spoken (for the same reasons: the written language being the highest form of rudimentary speech), Halliday states they are two entirely different entities. He claims that speech is grammatically complex while writing is lexically dense. In other words, a sentence such as "
2341557
Sicilia (Roman province)


. Greek and Latin were the main languages of the island, but Punic, Hebrew and probably other languages were also spoken. There were several Jewish communities on the island and from around AD 200 there is also evidence of substantial Christian communities. The province briefly fell under the control of the Vandal kingdom of North Africa shortly before the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476, but was soon returned to the Kingdom of Italy and eventually passed to the Byzantines. Agathocles, tyrant of Syracuse from 317 and King of Sicily from
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Sicilia (Roman province)


Imperial period, such as Pantaenus, Aristocles of Messene, Probus of Lilybaeum, and Citharius. In this period the non-Greek languages must have definitively disappeared, although Punic may still have been spoken at the end of the Imperial period based on the testimony of Apuleius. Numerous Jewish and Samaritan communities are attested on the island in the Imperial period, although they usually appear in the record using Greek or Latin. From the 5th century the Greek language appears to have experienced a recovery that lasted into the period of Muslim domination
6458062
Integrationism


, or the symbolization of phonetic signs, students are equipped with the literacy to understand the written texts. However, it is often the case that students have a hard time understanding and interpreting a poem even though they know every single word. The glittering example reveals the problem of treating spoken language and written language as the same and implies the need to treat them differently. According to Kravchenko, spoken language and written language are different in that spoken language is temporal and local, while written language is atemporal and non-local
5778602
Spanish Enlightenment literature


the culture in that city was impelled remarkably. In 1776, that illustrated person is persecuted and jailed by the Inquisition. By influence of José Cadalso and Meléndez, more recharged and colorist poems were written than in the Salmantine school, also influenced by Fernando de Herrera. In the Sevillian school poets like Manuel María Arjona (1771–1820), José Marchena (1768–1820), José María Blanco (1775–1841) and Alberto Lista (1775–1848) stood out. They wrote patriotic poems urging to fight by the freedom, after the invasion of
299194
Cauque Mayan language


Cauque Mayan is a mixed language, a Kʼicheʼ (Quiché) base relexified by Kaqchikel (Cakchiquel). During the colonial era, Kʼicheʼ migrated to Sacatepéquez, in the heart of Kaqchikel territory, where they founded the village of Santa María Cauque. Today only older adults retain the Kʼicheʼ base to their speech: for younger speakers, the language has merged into Kaqchikel. The Kaqchikel–Kʼicheʼ Mixed Language is also known as the Cauqué Mixed Language, or Cauqué Mayan, spoken in the aldea of Santa María Cauqué, Santiago Sacatepéquez
6098818
Costumbrismo


novelists Eugenio Díaz (1803–65), José Manuel Marroquín (1827–1908), and José María Vergara y Vergara (1831–72), all of whom collaborated on the magazine "El Mosaico, la revista bogotana del costumbrismo" (1858–71); Luis Segundo Silvestre (1838–87); and Jorge Isaacs (1837–95), whose sole novel "María" was praised by Alfonso M. Escudero as the greatest Spanish-language romantic novel. Other Colombian "costumbristas" are José Caycedo Rojas (1816–1897), Juan de Dios Restrepo (1823–94)
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Integrationism


the community and society where one stays. With regard to it, this section first focuses on the distinction between spoken language (first-order language) and written language (second-order language) and how reading comprehension is achieved, and then aims at the impact of technology-enhanced interaction on reading comprehension. Traditionally, spoken language and written language are regarded as the two sides of the same coin In other words, written language is believed to fully represent its corresponding spoken language. Therefore, educators believe by teaching words
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Tepehuán language


Tepehuán (Tepehuano) is the name of three closely related languages of the Piman branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, all spoken in northern Mexico. The language is called O'otham by its speakers. Northern Tepehuán is spoken by about 8,000 Tepehuán people (2005 census) in the south of the state of Chihuahua and north of Durango. Southern Tepehuán is divided into the southeastern and southwestern group. Tepehuán-language programming is carried by the CDI's radio stations XEJMN-AM, broadcasting from Jesús María, Nayarit, and
13231980
Romanization


extremes. Pure transcriptions are generally not possible, as the source language usually contains sounds and distinctions not found in the target language, but which must be shown for the romanized form to be comprehensible. Furthermore, due to diachronic and synchronic variance no written language represents any spoken language with perfect accuracy and the vocal interpretation of a script may vary by a great degree among languages. In modern times the chain of transcription is usually spoken foreign language, written foreign language, written native language, spoken (read) native language.
8902055
Languages of Iraq


There are a number of languages spoken in Iraq, but Mesopotamian Arabic (Iraqi Arabic) is by far the most widely spoken in the country. The most widely spoken language in Iraq is the Arabic language (specifically Mesopotamian Arabic); the second most spoken language is Kurdish (mainly Sorani and Kurmanji dialects), followed by the Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialect of Turkish, and the Neo-Aramaic languages (specifically Chaldean and Ashuri). Arabic is written using the Arabic script and Kurdish is written with a modified Perso-
20847912
Zaniza Zapotec


Zaniza Zapotec ("Zapoteco de Santa María Zaniza") is an Oto-Manguean language of western Oaxaca, Mexico. It is one of several Zapotec languages called Papabuco. It has only 10% intelligibility with Texmelucan Zapotec, its closest important relative. (Speakers of the nearly extinct Elotepec Zapotec have 70% understanding of Zaniza, but it is not known if the reverse is true, so this may be a question of familiarity.) The language is spoken in Santa María Zaniza, Oaxaca. As of 2003, the
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Pame languages


The Pame languages are a group of languages in Mexico that is spoken by around 10,000 Pame people in the state of San Luis Potosí. It belongs to the Oto-Pamean branch of the Oto-Manguean language family. Ethnologue notes two living varieties of Pame both spoken in the state of San Luis Potosí: Central Pame , in the town of Santa María Acapulco, and Northern Pame, in communities from the north of Río Verde to the border with Tamaulipas. The third variety, Southern Pame, was last described in the
17320045
Unisex name


Niomar – though in these cases there are some exceptions. Diminutive forms of names in Russian language can be unisex, such as Sasha/Shura (Alexandr or Alexandra), Zhenya (Yevgeniy or Yevgeniya), Valya (Valentin or Valentina), Valera (Valeriy or Valeriya), Slava (for names ending with -slav or -slava). In Spain, unisex names are extremely rare. María, an originally feminine name is used in Spanish for males as second name, very commonly after José (e.g., José María)
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Ya Viene el Sol


. The second single was “Busco Algo Barato” (Looking for Something Cheap), also composed by Nacho Cano. The B-side for this song later became one of the most important songs by Mecano and of the 'Rock en Tu Idioma' (Rock in Your Language) movement: “Aire”. "Aire" (Air) written by José María, originally was proposed as a single but CBS declined the proposal. This did not stop the song from becoming a single in South America. The song
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José María Larios


José María Larios (died 1829) was a Mexican insurgent who served as a captain under the orders of José María Morelos y Pavón, working along with him during the Siege of Cuautla. Also, he is recognised for having enacted a plan in 1829 to impose Vicente Guerrero as President of Mexico, after the events of the . José María Larios was in the army of José María Morelos during the Siege of Cuautla in 1812, as related by the Mexican historian José María Luis Mora in his work "Méjico y sus revoluciones
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Non Dimenticar


: The actual verb in Italian is ""dimenticare"", but Italian often contracts words, especially in lyrics and poetry. Common verbs like "fare" (to do) and "avere" (to have) are often spoken and written as "far" and "aver". In a typical example, the renowned playwright and author Pirandello wrote a short story "Lumie di Sicilia" ("Citrons from Sicily"). In only the twelve pages of the story, twelve infinitives appear without the final
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Chocho language


Chocho (also Chocholtec, Chocholteco Chochotec, Chochon, or Ngigua) is a language of the Popolocan branch of the Oto-Manguean language family spoken in Mexico in the following communities of Oaxaca: Santa María Nativitas, San Juan Bautista Coixtlahuaca, San Miguel Tulancingo. Chocho is Spoken by 770 speakers (1998 Ethnologue Survey). Chocho is a tonal language distinguishing low, mid and high tones. Carol Mock (1982) argues that Chocho distinguishes morphosyntactically between subjects of willful actions whether they are transitive or intransitive and subjects of unwillful
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José María Posada


between 1851 and 1852, studying painting. Moving to Vigo, he established "El Faro de Vigo" (1852), the oldest newspaper in Spain (still printed today), in which much of his written work appeared. While in Vigo, using the pen name "Don Lucas", Posada regularly published humorous writings as well as poetry in the Galician language and "legends" or "leyenda". He wrote a book of memories, "Un paseo de Vigo a Bayona" ["A Stroll from Vigo
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Aidalai


Dalai Lama", that narrates the life of the Dalai Lama and the invasion of Tibet by China. It also includes "El 7 de septiembre" ("September 7th"), written by Nacho Cano, which won best song of the year in Spain in 1991 and was dedicated to his ex-girlfriend, the writer Coloma Fernández Armero. "Tú" ("You"), a sensitive song by José María Cano, is also included. José María Cano's song "Una rosa es una rosa"
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Languages of Hong Kong


into Hong Kong from Canton Province, Cantonese is the dominant Chinese variant spoken in the territory with smaller numbers of speakers from other dialects. There are also numerous sinitic languages spoken by the native peoples of the New Territories, many of which are mutually unintelligible. Cantonese is a vernacular and when reduced to writing is normally converted to a standard written Chinese quite dissimilar to the spoken word. There is also a written language based on the vocabulary and grammar of spoken Cantonese known as written Cantonese. Although the "biliterate and trilingual"
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Gospel riots


spoken or "demotic" Greek had evolved far from its ancient roots, and the two languages were now mutually incomprehensible. As a compromise, a grammatically simplified version of Ancient Greek known as "katharevousa glossa" ("language that tends towards purity") had been adopted as the written language of the new state in 1830. This meant that the spoken and written languages were now intentionally different. It was hoped that written "katharevousa" would provide a model for imitation, and that spoken Greek would naturally "purify"
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José María Arguedas


José María Arguedas Altamirano (18 January 1911 – 2 December 1969) was a Peruvian novelist, poet, and anthropologist. Arguedas was an author of Spanish descent, with a rare fluency in the native Quechua language, gained by living in two Quechua households from the age of 7 to 11 - first in the indigenous servant quarters of his step-mother's home, then escaping her "perverse and cruel" son, with an indigenous family approved by his father - who wrote novels, short stories, and poems in both
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Cajemé


Cajemé / Kahe'eme (Yoeme or Yaqui Language for "one who does not stop to drink [water]"'), born and baptized José María Bonifacio Leyba Pérez (also spelled Leyva and Leiva), was a prominent Yaqui military leader who lived in the Mexican state of Sonora from 1835 to 1887. José María Bonifacio Leyba Perez was born May 14, 1835 , at Pesiou (the Yaqui name), Sonora, also known as Villa de Pitic (Pitic is derived from the Yaqui word "Pitiahaquím," meaning
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Hacienda Cacao


Hacienda Cacao is located off the Carretera Uman-Hopelceh (Uman-Hopelceh highway) within Abalá Municipality, Mexico, and is in the South West Region 8 area of the State of Yucatán. It is one of the properties that arose during the nineteenth century henequen boom, and was owned by José María Ponce. Cacao comes from ka'kaw, which in the Mayan language means "cocoa" (Theobroma cacao). The hacienda was built by José María Ponce who issued his own hacienda tokens of special design in 1889 which are
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José María Arizmendiarrieta


Father José María Arizmendiarrieta Madariaga (22 April 1915 – 29 November 1976) was a Spanish Catholic priest and founder of the Mondragón cooperative movement in the Basque Autonomous Community. Arizmendiarrieta, whose name is often shortened to "Arizmendi", was born in Barinaga, Markina-Xemein, Biscay, the eldest son of a family of modest means. He had lost an eye in a childhood accident so could not be a soldier. Instead he was a journalist for Basque language newspapers. His actions caused him to be arrested after the
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Language development


fact that males are more visible, and thus more often diagnosed. Research in writing development has been limited in psychology. In the research that has been conducted, focus has generally centred on the development of written and spoken language and their connection. Spoken and written skills could be considered linked. Researchers believe that children's spoken language influences their written language. When a child learns to write they need to master letter formation, spelling, punctuation and they also have to gain an understanding of the structure and the organisational patterns involved
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North Germanic languages


and written versions of the language, so the differences between spoken Norwegian and spoken Danish are somewhat more significant than the difference between their respective written forms. Written Danish is relatively close to the other Continental Scandinavian languages, but the sound developments of spoken Danish include reduction and assimilation of consonants and vowels, as well as the prosodic feature called "stød" in Danish, developments which have not occurred in the other languages (though the "stød" corresponds to the changes in pitch in Norwegian and Swedish, which are pitch-
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Family Law (film)


Family Law () is a 2006 Argentine, French, Italian, and Spanish, comedy-drama film, written and directed by Daniel Burman. The picture was produced by Diego Dubcovsky, José María Morales, and Marc Sillam, and co-produced by Amedeo Pagani. "Family Law" was Argentina official submission for the 2004 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film The film tells the story of Ariel Perelman (Daniel Hendler). While he has an easygoing lifestyle, he's trying to find his way in life in
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Maithili language


Maithili (; "Maithilī") is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian subcontinent, mainly spoken in India and Nepal. In India, it is spoken in the states of Bihar and Jharkhand and is one of the 22 recognised Indian languages. In Nepal, it is spoken in the eastern Terai and is the second most prevalent language of Nepal. It is also one of the 122 recognized Nepalese languages. Tirhuta was formerly the primary script for written Maithili. Less commonly, it was also written in the local variant
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José María Gironella


José María Gironella Pous (31 December 1917 in Darnius – 3 January 2003 in Arenys de Mar) was a Spanish author best known for his fictional work "The Cypresses Believe in God" ("Los cipreses creen en Dios"), which was published in Spain in 1953 and translated into English in 1955 by Harriet de Onís (1899-1969), a translator who usually specialized in Latin-American fiction. The book is a novel in two parts, and is the first novel of four, written from a
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José María Lanz


José María Lanz y Zaldívar (March 26, 1764 – 1839) was a Spanish-Mexican mathematician and engineer. Together with Agustín de Betancourt, he developed the classification of mechanisms begun by Jean Nicolas Pierre Hachette, and counts as one of the founders of industrial kinematics (machine construction). His name is sometimes written as Philippe Louis Lanz. He was born in Campeche in the south-east of Mexico, then a colony of Spain, and studied at Instituto Campechano, where he was later also a teacher. He
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María José (EP)


María José is an EP by María José Castillo, released in 2008 by Sony BMG Latin America. It has been certified Gold for selling +5,000 copies. It is often considered as only an EP because it only has six tracks and has not enough length to be an album. Sometimes it is considered as an album, although "María José" is an EP. Initially set for a December 2, 2008, release, the album was pushed up to November 28, 2008. "María José" was released on November
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Japanese: The Spoken Language


Japanese: The Spoken Language (JSL) is an introductory textbook series for learning Japanese. JSL was written by Eleanor Harz Jorden in collaboration with Mari Noda. "Part 1" was published in 1987 by Yale Language Press, "Part 2" in 1988, and "Part 3" in 1990. The series differs from most Japanese language textbooks in many ways, most basically in that it focuses exclusively on the spoken language and leaves discussion of any aspect of the written language to other textbooks, such as the parallel series
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José María Morelos, Quintana Roo


José María Morelos is the municipal seat and largest city in José María Morelos Municipality in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. According to the 2010 census, the city's population was 11,750 persons. José María Morelos was established in the 19th century with the purpose of exporting wood and chicle. It was originally called Kilómetro 50, since it was from Peto. When Quintana Roo became a state in 1974, the place was renamed after the revolutionary rebel leader José María Morelos, and it became the seat of the namesake municipality.
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Heterography and homography


In linguistics, heterography is a property of a written language, such that it lacks a 1-to-1 correspondence between the written symbols and the sounds of the spoken language. Its opposite is homography, which is the property of a language such that written symbols of its written form and the sounds of its spoken form have a 1-to-1 correspondence. The orthography of the English language is, according to Larry Trask, a "spectacular example" of heterography. But most European languages exhibit it to some extent. Finnish is "very close"
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Duruwa language


Dhurwa (Odia: ପରଜି, Devanagari: दुरुवा) or Parji is a Central Dravidian language spoken by the Dhurwa tribe, a scheduled tribe people of India, in the districts of Koraput and Bastar in Chhattisgarh state. The language is related to Ollari and Kolami, which is also spoken by other neighbouring tribes. Dhurwa is a member of the Central Dravidian languages. Duruwa is a spoken language and is generally not written. Whenever it is written, it makes use of the Devanagari script in Bastar district and Odia script in Koraput
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Spanish opera


contained social or political satire and usually contained less music and more spoken dialogue than other forms of zarzuela. The género chico reached its height of popularity in the 1880s and 1890s with composer Federico Chueca. In the 20th century the zarzuela evolved with popular taste, though the mixture of spoken play and operatic music in roughly equal proportions remained. Some composers created operatic-scale zarzuelas, with a greater proportion of music and not only comical plots. "Las golondrinas" by José María Usandizaga, Rafael Millán's "La dogaresa"
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José María Pico


Jacinta Vastida (Bastida). His brothers were José Dolores, José María, José Miguel, Francisco Javier, Patricio, and his sisters María Antonia Tomasa and Josefa María. His family moved to California when he was a child. He served as a soldier and in 1782 joined the Company in San Diego. Later, in 1798, he became a corporal of guard at Mission San Luis Rey. Between 1805-1818 he reached the position of sergeant, also in San Luis Rey, retiring in 1818. José María Pico
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José María Delgado


the Philippines to the Holy See in 1957. A post that his son Antonio C. Delgado would also hold. Written about Ambassador Delgado in a special issue of the Manila Chronicle, January 31, 1969 by Francisco De Leon: In 1966, he authored a book "Fe Y Patria," Discursos, conferencias y articulos. Among some of the awards received through the life of Dr. José María Delgado: When asked about his passions, Dr. Delgado is remembered as saying: “I have three loves in this life, God
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Jaque Mate (film)


Jaque Mate is a 2011 Dominican drama film directed and written by José María Cabral. The film was selected as the Dominican entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards. David Hernandez is the well-known host of a popular fictional game show, “Jaque Mate” (Checkmate). The show has a segment in which he answers calls from audience members. One day he receives an anonymous call, telling him his son and his wife have been kidnapped. The kidnapper threatens him with killing them if
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Mongolia


, Korean and American nationalities. The official language of Mongolia is Mongolian, and is spoken by 95% of the population. A variety of dialects of Oirat and Buryat are spoken across the country, and there are also some speakers of Mongolic Khamnigan. In the west of the country, Kazakh and Tuvan, both Turkic languages, are also spoken. Mongolian Sign Language is the principal language of the deaf community. Today, Mongolian is written using the Cyrillic alphabet in Mongolia, although in the past it was written using the
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Machine translation of sign languages


The machine translation of sign languages has been possible, albeit in a limited fashion, since 1977. When a research project successfully matched English letters from a keyboard to ASL manual alphabet letters which were simulated on a robotic hand. These technologies translate signed languages into written or spoken language, and written or spoken language to sign language, without the use of a human interpreter. Sign languages possess different phonological features than spoken languages, which has created obstacles for developers. Developers use computer vision and machine learning to recognize specific phonological parameters
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Koraga language


Koraga (also rendered "Koragar, Koragara, Korangi)" is a Dravidian language spoken by the Koraga people, a Scheduled tribe people of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, and Kerala in South West India. The dialect spoken by the Koraga tribe in Kerala, Mudu Koraga, is divergent enough to not be intelligible with Korra Koraga. Koraga is a member of the Dravidian family of languages. It is further classified into the Southern Dravidian family. Koraga is a spoken language and generally not written, whenever it is written it makes
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José María Verdugo


José María Verdugo (1751 – 1831) was a soldier from the Presidio of San Diego who was assigned to the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel at the time his land was granted by the Spanish Empire in 1784. José María Verdugo (Carrillo) was born about 1751 in Presidio de Loreto, Baja California, New Spain to Juan Diego Verdugo and María Ygnacia de la Concepción Carrillo. José María Verdugo came to California with his brother, Mariano Verdugo, in the 1769 Rivera expedition. Verdugo married María de la Encarnación López in 1779
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Language development


writing and speaking are different. When writing and speaking development is looked at more closely it can be seen that certain elements of written and spoken language are differentiating and other elements are integrating, all in the same phase. Perera conducted a survey and her view mirrors that of Kroll to the extent that she used Kroll's four phases. When a child undergoes initial learning of the written language, they have not yet fully mastered the oral language. It is clear that their written language development is aided by their spoken language;
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Gina Sicilia


Jersey. Sicilia attended the Council Rock School District in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Exposed to music early on by her parents, Sicilia showed a passion for music at a young age. By age 12 she began writing her own songs, and by 16 she had written numerous songs that would later be recorded on her debut album. In 2007, Sicilia graduated from Temple University with a degree in journalism. During her sophomore year of college, Sicilia began attending the weekly blues jam at Warmdaddy's in Philadelphia. It was there
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Demotic (Egyptian)


development of the Late Egyptian language and shares much with the later Coptic phase of the Egyptian language. In the earlier stages of Demotic, such as those texts written in the Early Demotic script, it probably represented the spoken idiom of the time. But, as it was increasingly used for only literary and religious purposes, the written language diverged more and more from the spoken form, leading to significant diglossia between the Late Demotic texts and the spoken language of the time, similar to the use of classical Middle Egyptian during the
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Arabic


times and languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims, and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken
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Standard written English


spoken language. We don't have the spoken language standardised yet. When we say that we're speaking Standard English, what we're doing is transferring into our spoken vocabulary and syntax the elements of the written language. What is standard in what you and I are talking now is what we get from our writing. There are grammatical constructions and words that one uses in speech that one generally avoids in written compositions. Even in the most colloquial of online chats, interjections such as "like" are rarer than in speech
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Where Are You My Love, That I Cannot Find You?


Where Are You My Love, That I Cannot Find You? (Spanish language: "¿Dónde estás amor de mi vida que no te puedo encontrar?") is a 1992 Argentine drama film directed by Juan José Jusid and co-written with Ana María Shua. The film stars Susú Pecoraro, Oscar Martínez, Fernando Siro, Luisina Brando, Mario Pasik and Jessica Schultz, as well as Vando Villamil in a small role. The film shows the encounters and romances of several characters who seek love counsel through the
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Languages in censuses


, are also spoken. The public use of Chinese, especially Chinese written characters, was officially discouraged between 1966 and 1998. The majority of the population speaks the Persian language, which is also the official language of the country, as well as other Iranian languages or dialects. Turkic languages and dialects, most importantly Azerbaijani language, are spoken in different areas in Iran. In southwestern and southern Iran, the Luri language and Lari language are spoken. In Kurdistan Province and nearby area's Kurdish is widely spoken. In Khuzestan
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María Teresa (TV series)


María Teresa is a 1972 Venezuelan telenovela written by Cuban writer Delia Fiallo and broadcast on Venevisión. The telenovela starred Lupita Ferrer and José Bardina as the main protagonists. María Teresa is a beautiful and charming woman who lives with her sickly mother Magdalena and her hard-working father Antonio. María Teresa works at a flower shop and one day, she meets Román, a young man who plays piano at a restaurant nearby. They both fall in love with each other, though she doesn't know that he is actually a millionaire
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José María Valiente Soriano


José María Valiente Soriano (Chelva, 1900 - , 1982) was a Spanish Carlist politician. José María Valiente Soriano was born in the small Valencian town of Chelva to a petty bourgeoisie family; the son of José Valiente y Soriano and Micaela Soriano Alcaide, he had two sisters. His father was working as a notary; following his professional lot, the Valientes moved to Madrid during the last decades of the Restauración. José María studied law first at the (later Universidad Complutense) in Madrid, to continue his juridical research
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Bengali dialects


formal, written language and the vernacular, spoken language. Two styles of writing, involving somewhat different vocabularies and syntax, have emerged : Spoken Bengali exhibits far more variation than written Bengali. Formal spoken Bengali, including what is heard in news reports, speeches, announcements, and lectures, is modelled on Choltibhasha. This form of spoken Bengali stands alongside other spoken dialects, or "Ancholik Bangla" (আঞ্চলিক বাংলা) (i.e. 'regional Bengali'). The majority of Bengalis are able to communicate in more than one
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