Jardine Matheson [SEP] stock exchange
Jardine Matheson


Jardine Matheson Holdings Limited (also known as Jardines) is a British conglomerate incorporated in Bermuda and headquartered in Hong Kong, with its primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and secondary listings on the Singapore Exchange and Bermuda Stock Exchange. The majority of its business interests are in Asia, and its subsidiaries include Jardine Pacific, Jardine Motors, Jardine Lloyd Thompson, Hongkong Land, Jardine Strategic Holdings, Dairy Farm, Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group, Jardine Cycle & Carriage and Astra International. It sponsors the Jardine Scholarship. Jardines was one
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


's state-owned China International Trust & Investment Corp. (CITIC) by splitting the group into two interlocking corporate halves, Jardine Matheson and Jardine Strategic, making them virtually takeover-proof. The raiders subsequently signed a pledge that they would not try another attack on any Jardines firm for seven years. At the beginning of the 1990s, Jardine Matheson Holdings and four other listed group companies arranged primary share listings on the London Stock Exchange in addition to their Hong Kong listings. In 1994, Jardine Matheson asked Hong Kong's Securities
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Jardine Matheson


, Great Britain, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, as well as the United States, and employed 37,000 people. After redomiciling to Bermuda in 1984 ahead of the 1997 handover of Hong Kong, in 1990 Jardine Matheson Holdings and four other listed group companies arranged primary share listings on the London Stock Exchange in addition to their Hong Kong listings. Other significant developments during this decade included the merging of Jardine Insurance Brokers with Lloyd Thompson to form
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Dairy Farm International Holdings


Dairy Farm International Holdings Limited is a Hong Kong retail company with its legal base in Bermuda. A member of the Jardine Matheson Group, it is a major pan-Asian retailer involved in the processing and wholesaling of food and personal hygiene products in the Pacific region and in China. Jardine Strategic, a publicly listed holding company, has an attributable 78 percent stake in the firm. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange, with secondary listings on the Singapore and Bermuda stock exchanges. The company head office is in the
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Jardine Strategic Holdings


Jardine Strategic Holdings Limited (, , ) is a large company that holds stock. It is a part of Jardine Matheson Holdings Limited, or Jardine's. Jardine Strategic was a constituent of the Straits Times Index. The holding company holds substantial amounts of Dairy Farm, a convenience store group, Hongkong Land, a property group, Mandarin Oriental, a hotel group, and Jardine Cycle & Carriage, an auto group. It also owns part of the stock of the Jardine Matheson group itself. It in effect owns its own
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Jardine Lloyd Thompson


Jardine Lloyd Thompson Group plc, also known as JLT Group or simply JLT, is a British multinational corporation that has its headquarters in London, England. It provides insurance, reinsurance, employment benefits advice and brokerage services. It was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index until it was acquired by Marsh & McLennan Companies in April 2019. The company was first established as a division of Jardine Matheson in 1972. In 1991, Jardine Insurance Brokers was first listed on the London Stock Exchange. In 1997, it merged with Lloyd
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Jardine Matheson


of the shares of Lucky Group, the largest grocery mall operator in Cambodia. Jardine Lloyd Thompson (JLT) is a leading insurance and reinsurance broker, risk specialist and employee benefits consultant. Jardines has been in the insurance broking business since its earliest days in Canton and JLT, which is quoted on the London Stock Exchange, is one of the largest companies of its kind in the world. The company operates through two key business groups, Risk & Insurance and Employee Benefits. The risk & insurance group provides specialist insurance and
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


Fair, at which approximately half the country's international trade was conducted through the seven official Chinese state trading corporations. In 1954, Jardines expanded into Southeast Asia through an investment in Henry Waugh and Co, which had operations in Malaya, Singapore, Thailand and Borneo. The first formal Reports and Accounts were issued in 1955 In the late 1950s, with support from three banks in London, John and Tony Keswick purchased the last Jardine family interests in the company. After its listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1961,
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David Newbigging


went bust in the early 1980s. When he discovered a secret buyer had begun acquiring shares of Jardine Matheson stock in late 1980, many observers suspected that either Li or Pao (or worse, both) were attempting to purchase a large enough share in Jardine Matheson to win control over Hongkong Land. Newbigging announced in early November that Jardine Matheson and Hongkong Land had agreed to increase their interests in each other, so as to make it impossible for any party to gain control of either company. The cross-ownership scheme,
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Alasdair Morrison (banker)


manager based in Europe in 1982 and appointed an assistant director based in Hong Kong in 1983. He became a member of the Asia Pacific Regional Board in 1987 and became Managing Director of property giant Hongkong Land in 1988. In 1994, Morrison succeeded Nigel Rich as Managing Director or quaintly known as 'tai-pan', of Jardine Matheson Holdings. As 'tai-pan' of Jardines, he presided over the delisting of the company from the Hong Kong stock exchange, Hang Seng Index. Though this period saw a
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


and Futures Commission (SFC) for an exemption from the takeover and mergers code, in order to give the company greater security if Chinese parties attempted a hostile takeover of its listed companies after Hong Kong's 1997 handover from British to Chinese sovereignty. However, the SFC refused and so Jardine firm delisted from the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (Hang Seng Index) in 1994 under the tenure of Alasdair Morrison and placed its primary listing in London. Officials in the People's Republic of China (PRC) regarded the delisting as a
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William Jardine (merchant)


then prevailing exchange rate in 1959. A great-nephew of Jardine who would be taipan from 1874 to 1886, William Keswick (1834–1912), is the ancestor of the Keswick branch (pronounced Ke-zick) of the family. Keswick is a grandson of Jardine's older sister, Jean Johnstone. Keswick was responsible for opening the Japan office of the firm in 1859 and also expanding the Shanghai office. James Matheson returned to England to fill up the Parliament seat left vacant by Jardine and to head up the firm Matheson
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Jardine, Skinner and Company


Scott. The latter was associated with Matheson & Company of London and Jardine Matheson of Hong Kong. Jardine Skinner and Jardine Matheson were not legally connected, although both used the facilities of Matheson & Co., which James Matheson founded in 1848 after he returned from China. With high levels of competition in the textile trade, Jardine Skinner earned additional income by shipping opium to Jardine Matheson in China. While Jardines carried opium for the larger suppliers, Apcar and Company catered to many smaller local dealers. With slower boats, the Apcars
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Matheson & Company


Kong, and later to run the entire company from London, reporting only to Sir Robert Jardine. Jardine Skinner was not legally connected to Jardine Matheson, although both used the facilities of Matheson & Company. Jardine Skinner's agents in Manchester were Matheson & Scott, who were associated with Matheson & Company. In the late 1850s Matheson and Company was appointed Jardine Skinner's principal agent in London, handling imports of commodities such as tea, rice, silk, cotton, jute and indigo. Jardine Skinner entered into joint ownership arrangements
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Matheson & Company


he had joined Magniac-Jardine, Jardine Matheson's London correspondents. Matheson and Company became involved in shipping products to China such as coal and boilers, and entered into the larger business of buying up surplus cotton goods in Liverpool and Manchester and shipping them to China, where Jardine Matheson arranged for their sale to local dealers. William Keswick, a relative of the Jardines, spent some time with Matheson and Company before going to China in 1855 to work for Jardine Matheson, where he rose to become the chief executive in Hong
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William Jardine (merchant)


death, Matheson wound up the firm's affairs and closed shop. Yrissari, leaving no heir, had willed all his shares in the firm to Matheson. This created the perfect opportunity for Matheson to join in commerce with Jardine. Matheson proved a perfect partner for Jardine. James Matheson and his nephew, Alexander Matheson, joined the firm Magniac and Co. in 1827, but their association was officially advertised on 1 January 1828. Jardine was known as the planner, the tough negotiator and strategist of the firm and Matheson was known
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William Jardine (merchant)


. Jardine, a bachelor, willed his estate to his siblings and his nephews. An older nephew, Andrew Johnstone, administered Jardine's issue. His other nephews David, Joseph, Robert and Andrew Jardine, all sons of Jardine's older brother David, continued to assist James Matheson in running Jardines. Matheson retired as taipan in 1842 and handed over control of the firm to his nephew Sir Alexander Matheson, who was also known as of the same capacity and competence as the elder Jardine and Matheson. David Jardine, another
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


, who subsequently retired to England in 1828. In 1832, two years before the East India Company lost its monopoly over British trade with China, the partnership was restructured as Jardine Matheson and Company with William Jardine, James Matheson, Alexander Matheson, Jardine's nephew Andrew Jardine, Matheson's nephew Hugh Matheson, John Abel Smith, Henry Wright and Hollingworth Magniac as its first partners. The firm later adopted the Chinese name "Ewo" (怡和洋行), meaning "Happy Harmony" and taken from the former well-regarded
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Matheson & Company


Matheson & Company was a London-based trading house closely associated with Jardine Matheson of Hong Kong and Jardine Skinner of Calcutta. It arranged finance and handled imports from those two companies of products such as tea, silk and jute. Matheson & Company also became involved in venture-capital, specializing in mining. The company was a member of the consortium that formed the Rio Tinto Company. After 1912 it became a subsidiary of Jardine Matheson. James Matheson, one of the two founders of the Hong Kong-based Jardine Matheson
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


, branching out into trade with many different countries. After Francis Xavier de Yrissari's death, Matheson wound up the firm's affairs and closed shop. Yrissari, leaving no heir, had willed all his shares in the firm to Matheson. This created the perfect opportunity for Matheson to join in commerce with Jardine. Matheson proved a perfect partner for Jardine. James Matheson and his nephew, Alexander Matheson, joined the firm Magniac and Co. in 1827, but their association was not officially advertised until 1 January 1828. Jardine was
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Logica


the United States and elsewhere as well as joint ventures in Hong Kong with Jardine Matheson, in Italy with Finsiel and in the UK with British Airways. The company floated on the London Stock Exchange on 26 October 1983. In 1984 the company developed the automated clearing system for the UK banks (CHAPS) as well as the customer service system for British Telecom. Logica pioneered the automated ticketing system for London Underground in 1987 and a new version of the system which randomly generates Premium Bond numbers (ERNIE) in 1988. During
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


Jardine Matheson & Co., later Jardine Matheson & Co. Ltd., forerunner of today's Jardine Matheson Holdings, was a Far Eastern company founded in 1832 by Scotsmen William Jardine and James Matheson as senior partners. Trafficking opium in Asia, while also trading cotton, tea, silk and a variety of other goods, from its early beginnings in Canton (modern day Guangzhou), in 1844 the firm established its head office in the new British colony of Hong Kong then proceeded to expand all along the China Coast. By the end
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William Jardine (merchant)


, Jardine, Matheson & Co., a partnership between Jardine and Matheson as senior partners, and Magniac, Alexander Matheson, Jardine's nephew Andrew Johnstone, Matheson's nephew Hugh Matheson, John Abel Smith, and Henry Wright, as the first partners, was formed in China, taking the Chinese name 'Ewo' (怡和) pronounced "Yee-Wo" and meaning 'Happy Harmony'. The name was chosen as it had been use by the former Ewo Hong run by Chinese merchant Howqua, a business with an
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


activities of Jardine, Matheson, Beale and Magniac made an important contribution to the 1834 termination of the East India Company's monopoly in China whereupon Jardine, Matheson & Co. took this opportunity to fill the vacuum left by the company's departure. That year the firm sent the first private shipments of "Jardines' Pickwick tea mixture", a blend of Chinese teas, from Whampoa aboard the firm's clipper "Sarah" bound for the docks of Glasgow, Falmouth, Hull and Liverpool, England. Jardine Matheson then began its
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Matheson & Company


with Matheson & Co. of a number of tea estates in the early 1860s. Jardine Skinner had to weather financial crises in 1848 and 1866, supported by credit from Matheson & Co., and in 1890 returned the favor when Matheson found itself in difficulty. Between the 1860s and 1914, while acting as London representatives of Jardine Skinner and Jardine Matheson, Matheson & Co. also moved into international venture capital investments, particularly in mining. In February 1873 Hugh Matheson obtained agreement from the Spanish government to sell the Rio Tinto mines on the
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William Jardine (merchant)


and Matheson like Jardine's Bazaar, Jardine's Crescent, Jardine's Bridge, Jardine's Lookout, Yee Wo Street, Matheson Street, Jardine House and the Noon Day Gun. In 1947, a secret Trust was formed by members of the family to retain effective control over the company. Jardine, Matheson and Co. offered its shares to the public in 1961 under the tenure of Hugh Barton and was oversubscribed 56 times. The Keswick family, in consortium with several London-based banks and financial institutions, bought out the controlling
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David Jardine (merchant)


David Jardine (1818–1856) was a Scottish merchant in China and Hong Kong and the member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. He was the nephew of Dr. William Jardine, founder of the Jardine Matheson & Co., and elder brother of Joseph Jardine. He is likely named after his uncle David Jardine (1776-1827). He went to China in 1838 at the age of 20. He became taipan of the Jardine Matheson & Co. on the retirement of Alexander Matheson. David in turn would hand over to his
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Joseph Jardine


Joseph Jardine (1822–1861) was a "taipan" of the Jardine Matheson & Co. and member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. Joseph was the nephew of Dr. William Jardine, founder of the Jardine Matheson & Co., and younger brother of David Jardine. He followed the family tradition by going to China in 1843 and being given a partnership in Jardine Matheson & Co. He succeeded his elder brother David, becoming taipan of the trading firm and unofficial member of the Legislative Council after David's death in 1856. He retired
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John Bell-Irving


John Bell-Irving, JP (2 February 1846 – 1925) was a Scottish businessman in Hong Kong. He was a partner of the Jardine Matheson & Co., one of the leading trading firm in the Far East. He was the eldest son of John Bell-Irving of Whitehill, a director of Hongkong Electric Company and partner of the Jardine Matheson & Co. His mother, Mary Jardine, was a nephew of William Jardine and sister of Sir Robert Jardine, the founders of the Jardine Matheson. He arrived in Hong
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


Jardine was tough, serious, detail-oriented and reserved while Matheson was creative, outspoken and jovial. Jardine was known to work long hours and was extremely business-minded, while Matheson enjoyed the arts and was known for his eloquence. William C. Hunter, a contemporary of Jardine who worked for the American firm Russell & Co., wrote of him, "He was a gentleman of great strength of character and of unbounded generosity." Hunter's description of Matheson was, "He was a gentleman of great suavity of
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James Matheson


Sir James Nicolas Sutherland Matheson, 1st Baronet, FRS (17 November 179631 December 1878), was a Scottish Tai-Pan. Born in Shiness, Lairg, Sutherland, Scotland, he was the son of Captain Donald Matheson. He attended Edinburgh's Royal High School and the University of Edinburgh. He and William Jardine went on to co-found the Hong Kong-based trading conglomerate Jardine Matheson & Co. that became today's Jardine Matheson Holdings. After leaving university, Matheson spent two years in a London agency house before
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James Matheson


first English language news sheet in China, which was edited by William Wightman Wood, an American from Philadelphia who would later work for rival trading house Russell & Co. On 1 July 1832, Jardine, Matheson and Company, a partnership, between William Jardine, James Matheson as senior partners, and Hollingworth Magniac, Alexander Matheson, Jardine's nephew Andrew Johnstone, Matheson's nephew Hugh Matheson, John Abel Smith, and Henry Wright, as the first partners was formed in Canton, and took the Chinese name 'Ewo' (
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William Jardine (merchant)


as the organization man, who handled the firm's correspondence, and other complex articles including legal affairs. Matheson was known to be behind many of the company's innovative practices. And both men were a study in contrasts, Jardine being tall, lean and trim while Matheson was short and slightly portly. Matheson had the advantage of coming from a family with social and economic means, while Jardine came from a much more humble background. Jardine was tough, serious, detail-oriented and reserved while Matheson was creative, outspoken
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Jardine Matheson


of the original Hong Kong trading houses or Hongs that date back to Imperial China, and as of December 2010, 41 percent of the company's profits are still earned in China. The company is controlled by the Keswick family, who are descendants of co-founder William Jardine's older sister, Jean Johnstone. In 2013, both Jardine Matheson and Jardine Strategic were among the top 200 publicly traded companies in the world, as valued by market capitalization. The firm of Jardine, Matheson & Co. emerged in 1832 from an
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


large enough share in Jardine Matheson to win control of Hongkong Land. In November that year, then Taipan David Newbigging restructured Jardine Matheson and Hongkong Land by increasing their interests in each other and making it impossible for any party to gain control of either company. As a result, however, both companies incurred significant debt. The costs of fighting off Li Ka-Shing and Sir YK Pao forced Jardines to sell its interests in Reunion Properties. Jardines marked its 150th anniversary in 1982 by setting up the Jardine Foundation, an educational
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


known as the planner, the tough negotiator and strategist of the firm and Matheson was known as the organisation man, who handled the firm's correspondence, and other complex articles including legal affairs. Matheson was known to be behind many of the company's innovative practices. The two men were a study in contrasts, Jardine being tall, lean and trim while Matheson was short and slightly portly. Matheson had the advantage of coming from a family with social and economic means, while Jardine came from a much more humble background.
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Sylph (1831 ship)


Sylph was a clipper ship built at Sulkea, opposite Calcutta, in 1831 for the Parsi merchant Rustomjee Cowasjee. After her purchase by the Hong Kong-based merchant house Jardine Matheson, in 1833 "Sylph" went on to set an unbroken speed record by sailing from Calcutta to Macao in 17 days, 17 hours. Her primary role was to transport opium between various ports in the Far East. She disappeared en route to Singapore in 1849. "Sylph" was designed in London by Sir Robert Seppings, surveyor of the
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Jardine Matheson


4th generation of Keswicks in the company. The 5th generation of Keswicks are also active within the organisation, Ben Keswick, son of Simon, is managing director of Jardine Matheson Group and Adam Keswick, son of Sir Chips Keswick is Deputy managing director. The organizational structure of Jardines has changed almost totally, but the members of the family of Dr William Jardine still have significant influence in the firm. In July 2016, the directors of Jardine Matheson Holdings were: Company secretary: Neil McNamara Lord Sassoon, a former UBS Warburg
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Jardine Motors Group


By 1981 Lancaster were running Mercedes-Benz, Porsche, Ferrari and Volvo dealerships in East Anglia, and Hong Kong-based Jardine Matheson purchased a 76% holding in the company. The company was floated on the stock market as Lancaster plc in 1986. Jardine took total ownership of Lancaster plc in 1992. Nicholas Lancaster left the business to run Malaya Group plc, which would purchase H.R. Owen in 1994. During the 1990s the company made a series of acquisitions including the purchase of a Land Rover/Rover Dealership in Stratford
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James Matheson


died a bachelor in 1843, his nephews David and Andrew Jardine assisted James Matheson in running the "Hong" as "Tai-Pan". Matheson retired as Tai-Pan during the early 1840s and handed over to David Jardine, another nephew of Jardine. On 29 November 1834, Matheson became chairman of the newly formed "Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge in China". The committee members represented a wide section of the business and missionary community in Canton: David Olyphant, William Wetmore, James Innes, Thomas
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William Jardine (merchant)


Daniel by sending his young son Daniel Francis, his child by his Chinese wife, to Scotland for school. Magniac invited Jardine to join him in 1825 and, three years later, James Matheson joined the partnership. Magniac returned to England in the late 1820s with the firm in the hands of Jardine and Matheson. Contrary to the practice at the time of retiring partners removing their capital from the firm, Magniac left his capital with the firm in trust to Jardine and Matheson. The firm carried on as Magniac & Co. until
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William Jardine Gresson


William Jardine Gresson (1869 – 10 January 1934) was a British merchant and politician in Hong Kong and China. He was the son of Mary Fleming Tinning, who was the daughter of Elizabeth "Betsy" Jardine, who was the daughter of David Jardine. David Jardine's brother Dr. William Jardine co-founded one of the largest trading houses in the Far East, Jardine Matheson & Co.. Gresson arrived in Hong Kong in 1892 and became a managing partner in the Jardine Matheson & Co. from 1901 to 1910. He
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William Jardine (merchant)


& Co., previously known as Magniac, Jardine & Co., in London, a merchant bank and Jardines' agent in England. In 1912, Jardine, Matheson & Co. and the Keswicks would eventually buy out the shares of the Matheson family in the firm although the name is still retained. The company was managed by several of Jardine's family members and their descendants throughout the decades, including the Keswicks, Buchanan-Jardines, Landales, Bell-Irvings, Patersons, Newbiggings and Weatheralls. Notable Jardines Managing Directors or Tai
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James Matheson


"... the Chinese [as] a people characterised by a marvelous degree of imbecility, avarice, conceit and obstinacy..." Matheson returned to Asia in 1838 and the following year Jardine left for England to continue lobbying. Jardine's lobbying efforts proved more effective than his partner's and he succeeded in persuading the new British Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston to wage war on Qing China. The subsequent First Opium War led to the Treaty of Nanking which allowed Jardine Matheson to expand from Canton to Hong Kong and Mainland China. After Jardine
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D. F. Landale


were closely connected to Jardine Matheson & Co., the Far Eastern trading firm. Landale's father, David Landale, was the son of the Rev David Landale and Margaret Helen Hassels Jardine, who was a daughter of Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet. Sir William belonged to the Applegirth branch of the Jardine family and he was a distant relative of Dr William Jardine, the founder of the Jardine trading house. Landale's father had a long career in Jardine Matheson, serving for a time as chairman and managing Director of the
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Jardine Scholarship


The Jardine Scholarship is a full scholarship, primarily for undergraduates, offered by Jardine Matheson for study at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. It was established in 1982 to commemorate Jardines' 150th anniversary and was founded with the objective of "develop[ing] future leaders, who would give back to the societies in which [Jardine Matheson] operate[s]". As of 2018, 293 Jardine Scholarships have been awarded across both universities. The scholarship is available for study in only four colleges in the University of Oxford and four in the
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Matheson & Company


trading company, founded Matheson & Company in 1848 after he returned from China. The company was created in a reorganization of Magniac-Jardine and Company, which had come close to liquidation in the 1847 financial crisis. From 1848 until he died in 1898 the senior partner of Matheson and Company was Hugh Matheson. Hugh was the nephew of James Matheson. In 1843 his uncle had invited him to join Jardine Matheson in Hong Kong, but he declined due to moral scruples about that firm's involvement in the opium trade. Instead
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William Jardine (merchant)


nephew of Jardine, became taipan after Sir Alexander Matheson and was one of the first two unofficial members appointed to the Legislative Council in Hong Kong. David in turn would hand over to his brother Sir Robert control of the firm. Joseph succeeded Robert as taipan. Sir Robert Jardine (1825–1905) is the ancestor of the Buchanan-Jardine branch of the family. A descendant of Sir Robert, Sir John Buchanan-Jardine, sold his family's 51% holding in Jardine, Matheson and Co. for $84 million at the
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William Keswick


William Keswick (15 April 1834 – 9 March 1912) was a British Conservative politician and businessman, patriarch of the Keswick family, an influential shipping family in Hong Kong associated with Jardine Matheson Holdings. Keswick was born in 1834 in Dumfriesshire in the Scottish Lowlands. His grandmother, Jean Jardine Johnstone, was an older sister of Dr. William Jardine, co-founder of Jardine Matheson. His father Thomas Keswick, from Dumfriesshire had married Jardine's niece and daughter of Jean, Margaret Johnstone, and entered the Jardine business. The
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Anthony Nightingale


His early career focused on financial services, marketing and distribution, and property based in Hong Kong, Japan and later Saudi Arabia. He became Managing Director of Jardine Pacific, the holding company for Jardine Matheson’s non-listed businesses, on its formation in 1988. Nightingale joined the Board of Directors of Jardine Matheson in 1994, and thereafter had responsibility for managing the Group’s interests in Jardine Pacific, Jardine Motors, Jardine Cycle & Carriage, and Astra International. He was appointed Managing Director of the Group in 2006.
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EWO Brewery Ltd.


The EWO Brewery Ltd. was established in Shanghai, China in 1935 by Jardine, Matheson & Co. Ltd, one of the largest trading companies in the Far East at that time. Beer production commenced in 1936, and Ewo Breweries became a public company under Jardines' management in 1940 with Chinese investors buying up 75% of the stock. The brewery, built in the Yangpu District then on the Eastern outskirts of Shanghai, was commandeered by the Japanese at the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) but passed
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Jardine Matheson Building


The Jardine Matheson Building () is a seven-storey historical building on the Bund in Shanghai, China. The building is located at No. 27 on the Bund, at the junction with East Beijing Road (formerly Peking Road). The Hong Kong-based Scottish firm Jardine Matheson started trading in Shanghai in early 1843 and became one of the first foreign businesses to set up branches in the city. The company rented this piece of land, of size 2100 square metres and a typical two storied gardened English cottage was
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


in the venture and Jardine Fleming itself. Robert Fleming was forced to approve massive lay offs in late 1998. The firm restructured in 1999, buying the remaining 50% stake in Jardine Flemings in return for giving Jardine Matheson an 18% stake in Robert Flemings Holdings, which was subsequently sold to Chase Manhattan Bank for £4.4 billion ($7.7 billion) in April 2000. Other significant developments during this decade included the merging of Jardine Insurance Brokers with Lloyd Thompson to form Jardine Lloyd Thompson, the acquisition of a 16%
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Matheson & Company


With less success, the company invested in oil production in Peru and in the 1900s in mining opportunities in Russia. In 1912 the interests of the Matheson family were bought out, and from then on it had the same shareholders as Jardine Matheson. After World War I (1914-1918) Matheson & Company generally withdrew from venture capital opportunities and focused on providing banking and merchanting services in London for Jardines. However, after 1936 the company did make various minor investments in East Africa. For tax purposes, Matheson & Co.
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James Matheson


Company into the largest British trading "Hong", or firm, in Asia from its base in Hong Kong. Jardine wanted the opium trade to expand in China and despatched Matheson to England to lobby the Government to press the Qing government to further open up trade. Matheson's mission proved unsuccessful and he was rebuked by the then British Foreign Secretary the Duke of Wellington. In a report, Matheson complained to Jardine over being insulted by an "arrogant and stupid man". Matheson expressed his views plainly, contemporaneously describing,
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Jardine, Skinner and Company


Jardine, Skinner and Company was a trading company based in Calcutta, India. It was founded in 1825, initially dealing in textiles. Later it branched out into opium, tea, timber and petroleum. The company was closely associated with Matheson & Company of London and Jardine Matheson & Co. of Hong Kong. Jardine, Skinner & Co. was founded in 1825 in Bombay. The early partners of Jardine Skinner were from Scotland, as were the partners of many of the British managing agencies of Bombay and Calcutta. Kinship ties were
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Charles Wedderburn Dickson


Charles Wedderburn Dickson (23 February 1863 – 1934) was the director of Jardine Matheson & Co. and member of the Executive Council and Legislative Council of Hong Kong. Son of W. Dickson and Christina Keswick, daughter of William Keswick of the Jardine Matheson, he was educated in Scotland and arrived in Hong Kong in 1884 and lived in Shanghai from 1894 to 1897. He became the director of Jardine Matheson from 1900 to 1906. He was also the Deputy Chairman of Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and director of various local companies.
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John Johnstone Paterson


John Johnstone Paterson (1886–1971) was the tai-pan of the Jardine Matheson & Co. and member of the Executive Council and the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. Son of William Paterson, the partner of the Jardine Matheson & Co., J. J. Paterson followed his father to work at the trading firm and became taipan and managing director of the Jardine Matheson & Co. He had also been the chairman of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. He was first appointed to the Legislative Council in April 1930 in the place of B. D.
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


in October 1877 for the land, rolling stock and rails which were then dismantled by the government and shipped to Taiwan where they were left to rust on the beach. The line would not be reconstructed until 1898. Jardines eventually succeeded in winning approval from the Viceroy of Zhili Li Hongzhang for the construction of a mule tramway from the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company's colliery at Tangshan after it was shown the prospective canal would be unable to run the last to the mine. Again ignoring official injunctions against constructing a railroad, the
17237783
David Landale


David Landale (6 August 1868 – 6 September 1935) was the 13th Tai-pan of the Jardine Matheson & Co. and member of the Executive Council and Legislative Council of Hong Kong. Born on 6 August 1868, Landale was the son of Rev. David Landale and Margaret Helen Hassels Jardine, daughter of Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet, a distant relative of the founder of the prominent trading house Jardine Matheson & Co., William Jardine. He was educated at Fettes College, Edinburgh. Landale moved to the Far East and
13698861
James Matheson


怡和 "Yee-Wo" Literally "Happy Harmony"). The name was taken from the earlier Ewo Hong founded by Howqua which had an honest and upright reputation. In 1834, Parliament ended the monopoly of the British East India Company on trade between Britain and China. Jardine, Matheson and Company took this opportunity to fill the vacuum left by the East India Company. With its first voyage carrying tea, the Jardine ship left for England. Jardine Matheson began its transformation from a major commercial agent of the East India
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Jardine Matheson


banker who had been a junior minister in the British Treasury since May 2010, joined Jardine Matheson as an executive board member in January 2013. This appointment brought together members of two great Asian trading dynasties, since Jardine Matheson and the Sassoon family were rivals in the 19th century when they competed to open up and grow trade in Hong Kong and China. Until 1936, principles of staff recruitment, told by Keswick, remained Scottish first, Oxbridge second. "With all due deference to the 'east coast of England' [
224354
Hugh Matheson (industrialist)


Ewing & Co. During his Glasgow residence Matheson was an active lay member of the Church of Scotland and the St. Enoch's Sabbath School Society. In 1843 Matheson declined an offer from his uncle James Matheson to join Jardine Matheson in Hong Kong due to the company's extensive links with the China opium trade. He nonetheless took a new London based corresponding agent role serving the interests of the firm working at Magniac-Jardine and Company to arrange and negotiate the sale of tea, silk and other commodities shipped to England from the Far
19816785
William Jardine (merchant)


. Matheson returned to China in 1836 to prepare to take over the firm as Jardine was preparing to fulfill his temporarily delayed retirement. Jardine left Canton on 26 January 1839 for Britain as retirement but in actuality to try to continue Matheson's work. The respect shown by other foreign opium traffickers to Jardine before his departure can be best illustrated in the following passage from a book by William C. Hunter. A few days before Mr. Jardine’s departure from Canton, the entire foreign community entertained him at a dinner in the dining room
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


by 'unofficial members' of the Council who included the head of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and the Tai-pan of Jardines. Jardine, Matheson and Co. became a limited company during 1906 and until the Second World War was widely referred to as simply the "Firm" or the "Muckle House", muckle being colloquial Scottish for "great". From the end of the 19th century, Jardines created a number of new companies using their Chinese name "EWO". The first of these was the EWO
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


Magniac & Co, which was the forerunner to Jardine Matheson & Co. James Matheson was born in 1796 in the Scottish highlands and also attended Edinburgh University. He began work in 1815 as a free merchant in Calcutta at his uncle's Agency House, Mackintosh & Co., trading goods and services between different markets and communities. One day his uncle entrusted him with a letter to be delivered to the captain of a soon-to-depart British vessel. Matheson forgot to deliver the missive and the vessel sailed without it. Incensed
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Jardine Cycle & Carriage


On 4 March 1965, the Minister for Finance (Singapore) Goh Keng Swee laid the foundation stone for the SG$2.5 million plant, and predicted that it would create 10,000 new jobs over the following five years. In 1969, the company launched an initial public offering, which was oversubscribed by 73 times, with a total offering of SG$241.65 million. By 1999, Jardine Matheson was a major shareholder in Cycle & Carriage, with a 24.6% stake. In 2002, Cycle & Carriage became a subsidiary of Jardine Matheson when Jardine
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D. F. Landale


Bank of Scotland between 1955 and 1965. Landale had a close connection with Jardine Matheson. His father, David Landale, was also chairman and managing director of the firm, and the Landales were distantly related to the family of Dr William Jardine, who was the founder of the Jardine trading house. Landale's chairmanship of Jardine Matheson coincided with the outbreak of the Chinese Communist Revolution that followed the end of the Second World War. The turbulence prevented the firm from reviving the profitable China business that it had enjoyed in the past
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


transformation from a major commercial agent of the East India Company into the largest British trading hong (洋行), or firm, in Asia. William Jardine was now being referred to by the other traders as "Tai-pan", a Chinese colloquial title meaning 'Great Manager'. In a thunderous tribute to Jardine, Matheson wrote, "I am sure none can be more zealous in your service." Jardine succeeded in capturing much of the East India Company's old market supported by its fleet of fast, elegant
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


Kong's first ice-making factory, which was later amalgamated with the Dairy Farm Company, the first spinning and weaving factory and the establishment of Hong Kong Tramways. David Jardine, a nephew of William Jardine, was one of the first two unofficial members of the Legislative Council appointed by the Governor in 1850. The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce was founded in 1861 with Jardine's 7th Taipan Alexander Perceval, a relative of James Matheson's wife, as its first chairman. In 1878 the firm pioneered sugar refining in
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


one of the oldest shopping streets in Hong Kong. The Noonday Gun, located opposite the Excelsior Hotel, dates to the 1860s and a time when Jardine's private militia would fire a salvo to salute the arrival of the firm's Taipan in the harbour. This upset the British Navy who insisted that such salutes were reserved for more important people than the head of a trading house. As a penalty Jardines were ordered to fire the gun every day at noon in perpetuity. Meanwhile, in Shanghai, Jardine, Matheson & Co.
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James Matheson


the death of William Jardine (the previous incumbent) and for Ross and Cromarty from 1852 to 1868. He led an active public life into his eighth decade, and for many years served as chairman of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. His nephews succeeded him as directors of Jardine Matheson and Matheson & Company. Matheson died in 1878 at the age of 82 in Menton, France. He had married on 9 November 1843 Mary Jane Perceval the daughter of Michael Henry Perceval (1779–1829), illegitimate son of assassinated British
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, egg trading was high on the list of leading exports. During the subsequent conflict, although Japanese occupation forces seriously reduced poultry stocks, the situation recovered quickly afterwards as poultry production was chiefly carried out by innumerable small units scattered over vast areas. In 1935 the company built the EWO Brewery Ltd. in Shanghai. Production commenced in 1936, and EWO Breweries became a public company under Jardines management in 1940. The brewery produced Pilsner and Munich types of beers, which were considered suitable for the
17237798
History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


In some ways unsuccessful in his mission, on being brushed aside by the "Iron Duke" (Duke of Wellington), the then British Foreign Secretary, he reported bitterly to Jardine of being insulted by an arrogant and stupid man, but nevertheless his activities and widespread lobbying in several forums including Parliament bore the seeds that would eventually lead to war. Matheson returned to China in 1836 to prepare to take over the firm as William Jardine got ready to begin his temporarily delayed retirement. Jardine left Canton on 26 January 1839 for
17237757
History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


all opium and the arrest of opium trader Lancelot Dent, the head of Jardine Matheson rival Dent & Co., which triggered a series of events leading to Lin destroying more than 20,000 chests of opium – a large part of which belonged to Jardines. Once in London, Jardine's first order of business was to meet with the new Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston who had replaced Wellington. He carried with him a letter of introduction written by Chief Superintendent of trade in Canton Charles Elliot that relayed a few of his credentials to Palmerston.
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


rebuke to the future of Hong Kong and the government of PRC. This caused trouble when Jardine Matheson attempted to participate in the Container Terminal 9 project but the group's business interests continued to be managed from Hong Kong and the East Asian focus of its business carried on as before. In 1996, Jardine Fleming was ordered to pay $20.3 million to three investors for alleged abusive and unsupervised securities allocation practices by Colin Armstrong, head of asset management.The 1997 Asian financial crisis severely affected both Robert Fleming, Jardine's partner
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Keswick family


. He was Sir Harry Smith Parkes' son-in-law and taipan of Jardine, Matheson from the 1890s to the turn of the century. He founded Hongkong Land together with close associate Sir Paul Chater, a development company established in 1889 which remained closely associated with Jardine Matheson. John Johnstone Jardine Keswick was based in Calcutta, where he headed Jardine Skinner & Co, with a fellow Scot as his business partner John (Skinner) Stewart. J.J.J. Keswick was also the chairman of the Rio Tinto Company (now Rio
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


trust offering Jardine Scholarships to students from the Southeast Asia region to attend Oxford and Cambridge universities. The Jardine Ambassadors Programme was also launched to give young group executives in Hong Kong an opportunity to help the community. Simon Keswick took over as Taipan in 1983 and quickly moved to reduce the firm's debt by disposing of their interest in the South African-based Rennies Consolidated Holdings. He also implemented a new, decentralised management system with separate divisions responsible for Hong Kong, International and China respectively. In 1984, Jardine Matheson Holdings
17237825
Jardine, Skinner and Company


Jardine Skinner entered into joint ownership arrangements with Matheson & Co. of a number of tea estates in the early 1860s. In the 1880s Jardine Skinner was profitable, but only making a return of 2% – 3% on capital. The original indigo and silk filature businesses were no longer profitable, and the company was looking for new ways to deploy its capital. Capital rose to £1.3 million by 1890. The company had to weather financial crises in 1848 and 1866, supported by credit from Matheson & Co., and in
10197762
William Jardine (merchant)


and jovial. Jardine was known to work long hours and was extremely business-minded, while Matheson enjoyed the arts and was very eloquent. William C. Hunter wrote about Jardine, "He was a gentleman of great strength of character and of unbounded generosity." Hunter's description of Matheson was, "He was a gentleman of great suavity of manner and the impersonation of benevolence." But there were similarities in both men. Both men were hardworking, driven and single-minded in their pursuit of wealth. Both men
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


either independent or partly owned by the firm. In London's Lombard Street, Matheson & Co., Ltd., founded in 1848 as a private house of merchant bankers, became a limited company in 1906 and acted as Jardine's correspondent in London. The company was controlled by Jardines and the Keswick family and was the leading Far Eastern house in London. New York based Balfour, Guthrie & Co., Ltd., a firm founded by three Scotsmen in 1869, looked after the firm's interests in the United States of America.
17237803
Keswick family


in 1953 and joined Matheson & Co in 1956. He returned temporarily as non-executive Chairman of Jardine Matheson in Hong Kong from 1970 to 1972. While in England, he and his brother financed the buy-out and then public flotation of Jardine Matheson. He was married in 1940 to the Roman Catholic, Clare Elwes (1905–1998), youngest child of the tenor Gervase Elwes. Their only child was Margaret, known as Maggie Keswick, gardener and author (1941–1995), who founded Maggie's Centres for those suffering
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


tea clippers that could out-sail most competitors to be the first to reach consumer markets. These included the "Sylph", which set an unbroken speed record by sailing from Calcutta to Macao in 17 days, 17 hours. Jardines was also the first company to engage an official 'tea taster' in China to ensure they had a greater understanding of the different varieties of tea, thus enabling them to command the best prices. In the early years of the 19th century both Jardine and Matheson went into partnership with Magniac
17237750
History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


over as a trading and military base on 26 January 1841, though it had already been used for years as a transhipment point. Trade with China, especially in illegal opium, grew, and so did the firm of Jardine, Matheson and Co, by that time already known as the "Princely Hong" for its status as the largest British trading firm in East Asia. Jardines had 19 inter-continental clippers by 1841, complemented by hundreds of smaller lorchas and other craft used for coastal and upriver smuggling. As well
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


terms of property, Jardines were the only foreign firm to feature on an 1881 list of the eighteen largest land taxpayers in Hong Kong with a bill of HK$4,000 per annum. Such was the influence of the firm that an old joke ran: "Power in Hong Kong resides in the Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club; Jardine, Matheson & Co; the Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation; and the Governor – in that order. Shipping played an important role in the firm's expansion. In 1835 the firm had commissioned construction
17237777
History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


The first project undertaken by the new company was the reclamation of an area of of building land some wide along a new waterfront road that came to be known as Chater Road. Following an amalgamation of several local wharves in 1875, Jardine, Matheson & Co. were appointed general managers of the Shanghai & Hongkew Wharf Co., Ltd. In 1883, the Old Ningpo Wharf was added, and in 1890 the Pootung Wharf purchased. The Star Ferry Company, started by Parsee Dorabjee Nowrojee was bought by the Jardine/Chater controlled Hongkong and
17237787
History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


conducted in imports, exports, shipping and insurance. Jardines also operated in Nairobi in the then British protectorate of Kenya through its Jardine Matheson (East Africa) Ltd. subsidiary and held a majority stake in the South African company Rennies Consolidated Holdings, until it disposed of this 74% stake to Old Mutual in 1983. This was later merged with Safmarine to form Safmarine and Rennies Holdings (Safren). The firm became so important that for much of the history of the Executive Council of Hong Kong, the business community was represented
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


Reunion Properties, a large real estate firm based in London in 1973, a takeover financed by the creation of an additional seven percent of Jardine Matheson equity. As a result of the acquisition, the company's assets nearly doubled. In the same year, Henry Keswick also oversaw the acquisition of Theo H. Davies & Company, a large trading company active in the Philippines and Hawaii that controlled 36,000 acres of sugar plantations. World sugar prices rose dramatically a few months after the company was purchased by Jardines as a result of the
17237818
Hollingworth Magniac


senior partner, Hollingworth settled on Jardine, whose business reputation was already well known throughout Asia. Magniac and Jardine also invited James Matheson to join the firm. Magniac returned to England in 1828 with the firm in the hands of two of the most talented traders in Asia. Contrary to the practice at the time of retiring partners removing their capital from the firm, Hollingworth left his capital in trust to Jardine and Matheson. The firm remained as Magniac and Co. until 1832, as the name was still formidable throughout China and India
19708582
Hollingworth Magniac


. The partnership was then restructured to become Jardine, Matheson & Co. which would go on to become the largest trading company in Asia and later a Fortune 500 listed company. Magniac married Helen Sampson, daughter of Peter Sampson, in 1827. After his return to England, in 1835 Magniac became a partner in the merchant banking firm of Magniac, Smith & Co. along with partners John Abel Smith and Oswald Smith at 3 Lombard Street, London. Jardine agreed to make them agents for Jardine, Matheson & Co. with the proviso
19708583
Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy


Jardine and Matheson built up their great firm, continuing the profitable and amiable association with the Parsi entrepreneur. Jeejeebhoy long continued as one of the close associates who served as underwriters to Jardine, Matheson and Company. A tribute to their connection exists even today in a portrait of Jeejeebhoy which hangs in Jardine's Hong Kong office. He was seen as the chief representative of the Indian community in Bombay by the British Imperial authorities. An essentially self-made man, having experienced the miseries of poverty in early life, Jejeebhoy developed
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Keswick family


to 1886. He left Hong Kong in 1886 to work with Matheson & Co. in London as a senior director responsible only to Sir Robert Jardine (1825–1905), a son of David Jardine, William Jardine's older brother and the head of Mathesons in London. He spent three spells on the Legislative and Executive Councils of Hong Kong between 1868 and 1887. William represented Epsom, Surrey, as Member of Parliament from 1899 and was appointed the county's High Sheriff in 1898. He died at his home, Eastwood Park,
2863791
Roger Holloway


of Jardine Matheson with the majority of its revenues being derived from sales to Japan. Roger Holloway, lived in Japan for some years and was the manager who developed this growing division for Jardine's. Meanwhile, he had been ordained priest in 1981, as a protégé of Robert Runcie. In Asia in addition to his work with Jardine Matheson he served as honorary chaplain at St. John's Cathedral in Hong Kong, as honorary assistant at St. Alban's Church, Tokyo, and as Episcopalian Chaplain at the US military base at
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


a fever, he died a few days later. Following this debacle, William Jardine saw an opportunity to convince the British government to use force to further open trade. In early 1835 he ordered James Matheson to leave for Britain to persuade the Government to take strong action in pursuit of this end. Matheson accompanied Napier's widow to England using an eye-infection as an excuse to return home. On arrival, he travelled extensively and held meetings both for government and trade purposes to gather support for a war with China.
17237756
Robert Fleming & Co.


of the FTSE 100 in 1997. In 1970, Flemings entered into an investment banking joint venture with Hong Kong-based Jardine Matheson, forming Jardine Fleming. The tie-up was prompted by the long-standing family links between the Flemings and the Keswick family of Scotland, who have run Jardine Matheson since its founding. In 1997, Robert Fleming Holdings had operations in 44 countries in Asia, Eastern Europe, the Americas and Africa. Its net assets as for the 1997 fiscal year were £841 million and its profit
11025559
William Jardine (merchant)


East India Company, and set sail for India. In May 1817, he abandoned medicine for trade. Jardine was a resident in China from 1820 to 1839. His early success in Canton as a commercial agent for opium merchants in India led to his admission in 1825 as a partner in Magniac & Co., and by 1826 he controlled that firm's Canton operations. James Matheson joined him shortly afterwards with Magniac & Co. reconstituted as Jardine, Matheson & Co. in 1832. After Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu destroyed 20,000 cases of opium
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William Jardine (merchant)


society, honourably acquired by a long career of private charity and public spirit. In 1839, Jardine successfully persuaded the British Foreign Minister, Lord Palmerston, to wage war on China, giving a full detailed plan for war, detailed strategic maps, battle strategies, the indemnifications and political demands from China and even the number of troops and warships needed. Aided by Matheson's nephew, Alexander Matheson (1805–1881) and MP John Abel Smith, Jardine met several times with Palmerston to argue the necessity for a war plan. This
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History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


non-British Tai-pan of Jardines. The appointment caused concern among members of the company's more traditional Scottish establishment but Simon Keswick, who had reversed the company's decline, defended his choice of Powers, explaining that Jardine Matheson was now an international company with Hong Kong interests (not vice versa) and that Powers was best qualified to manage the affairs of such a firm. Subsequently, Powers successfully defended the firm against successive takeover bids by Sir Y K Pao and Li Ka-shing working together with the mainland
17237827
History of Jardine, Matheson & Co.


Keswick family to install Henry Keswick as chairman met with considerable resistance from supporters of then managing director David Newbigging. However, with the support of institutional investors in London, the Keswicks won the day. Henry was named senior managing director and his father John became chairman, thereby ensuring that the family retained control of Jardines. Jardines opened the Excelsior hotel in Hong Kong that same year on the site of the original Lot No. 1. purchased by James Matheson more than 120 years before. Henry Keswick arranged a complete buyout of
17237817
Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum


Matheson. The firm had once dominated the opium trade and its director, William Jardine, had been instrumental in the British Parliament launching the Opium War against China. The firm had given up opium in the 1860s due to its declining profitability, which was well before Ho Kom Tong became involved with the firm. However, Jardine Matheson was still very much a symbol of British commercial penetration into China in an era of high imperial ambition. Jardine's involvement, for instance, in the Kowloon-Canton Railway, a project designed
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