Real Aikido [SEP] founder
Ljubomir Vračarević


director of Real Aikido at Odbrana worldwide organization and the founder and president of World Centre of Real Aikido and European Martial Arts Hall of Fame. Vračarević was an instructor in IBSSA, the International Bodyguard & Security Association. He was also a college professor for sport trainers in Belgrade. In August 2002 the United States Martial Arts Association elected Vracarevic to its Hall of Fame and awarded him the title Grandmaster, black belt 10th dan, Sōke. This award is not recognized by any of the mainstream aikido organizations such as Aikikai and Yoshinkan
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Ljubomir Vračarević


Ljubomir Vračarević (Serbian Cyrillic: Љубомир Врачаревић; 6 May 1947 – 18 November 2013), was a Serbian martial artist and founder of Real Aikido. Ljubomir Vračarević studied aikido since 1971. During his first visit in Japan he was practicing in Hombu Dojo with Kisshomaru Ueshiba, the son of the founder of Aikido, Morihei Ueshiba. During his second stay in Tokyo in 1993 at Yoshinkan, the school of Gozo Shioda, he met with Shioda, who rarely received visitors because of his age. So far in his bodyguard instruction
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Terry Dobson (aikidoka)


Terry Dobson birthname Walter Norton Dobson III (1937–1992) was an American aikido pioneer, aikido teacher and writer. Dobson is one of the Western aikido practitioners who studied directly under the founder of aikido, Morihei Ueshiba. Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts to a wealthy family on June 9, 1937 and moving to New York City in 1940, Dobson had a tumultuous childhood. Raised by his alcoholic mother and stepfather, he did not meet his real father, who had been disgraced after it was discovered that he forged his degree to
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International Martial Arts Federation


, UK IMAF and IMAF GB which changed its name to the United Kingdom Budo Federation. The Aikido Division was founded in 1954. The position of Aikido Division has been held by the world’s foremost aikido authorities. Kisshomaru Ueshiba, son of the founder of aikido Morihei Ueshiba, and late director of the Aikikai Hombu. He was succeeded by Kenji Tomiki (founder of Shodokan Aikido), Minoru Mochizuki (10th dan Aikido), and Gozo Shioda (10th dan Aikido, founder of Yoshinkan Aikido). The current Division heads
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Kenji Shimizu


, b. 1940, is an aikido teacher and founder of the aikido style Tendo-ryu Aikido (天道流). Shimizu was born in 1940 in Fukuoka, Japan. He had been training judo since childhood and held a 4th dan in this art when he changed to aikido in 1963. He then became one of the last personal students of the aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba. After Ueshiba died in 1969, Shimizu, then with a 7th dan in aikido, founded his own school in Tōkyō named Tendoryu (School of the Way
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Kanshu Sunadomari


Kanshū Sunadomari (Kanji: 砂泊 諴秀 Hiragana: すなどまり かんしゅう 1923 – November 13, 2010) was a Japanese aikido teacher who was an uchideshi to the founder of aikido, Morihei Ueshiba. He founded the aikido style Manseikan Aikido. He was born kobuke Kagoshima Prefecture on the island of Kikaiga-shima (or Kikaijima), Japan and in his teens became an uchideshi of Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of aikido. His live-in apprenticeship under the founder took place during World War II, and he also spent a brief
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Real Aikido


Real Aikido (Serbian Cyrillic: Реални аикидо) is a martial art developed by Ljubomir Vračarević, a self-defence instructor from Serbia. It is a mixture of aikido, judo and jujutsu techniques, with some modifications made by Vračarević. The Real Aikido defense system includes unarmed techniques, as well as defense against weapons such as knife, pistol, etc. It includes of aikido, judo and jujutsu, techniques simplified so that they can be easily taught in security and self-defense courses. The curriculum itself is mainly based
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Raymond H. A. Carter


Guy Sauvin (master of karate), and Claude Pellerin, Aikido master, Kim Oriel, Frédéric "Fred" Perrin (knife fighter), Ljubomir Vračarević (founder of the Yugoslav Real Aikido martial art), and Charles Joussot. Carter has founded a number of martial arts clubs in France and abroad, such as the "Aïkido Klub Morihei Sarajevo" in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and others in Mali, and the Ivory Coast. In 1982, in association with Kim Oriol of the "Groupe d’Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale
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Aikido styles


headed by the founder's grandson, Moriteru Ueshiba (植芝 守央 "Ueshiba Moriteru", born 1951). The current generation of senior teachers continue to branch out on their own, with the senior students of the senior students of the Founder (grand-students) coming to prominence in their own right. The above styles can trace their lineage through senior students back to the founder of aikido, Morihei Ueshiba. Two other prominent martial arts use the name aikido but are not directly related. They are Korindo aikido founded by
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Koretoshi Maruyama


Koretoshi Maruyama (born 5 October 1936) is an aikido instructor and founder of Aikido Yuishinkai (合氣道唯心会), he was an uchi deshi of aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba and also a student of Koichi Tohei. Koretoshi Maruyama first began studying aikido at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo in 1956 as well as training at the Keio University Aikido Club. After he graduated from Keio University, he continued his training in aikido, while working in the family business. In 1967 he delegated his responsibilities in the family business so that he could become a
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Ljubomir Vračarević


career, Vračarević held more than 150 seminars worldwide. Clubs of Real Aikido were host to more than 120,000 students. His special area of teaching was the Real Aikido school for kids. He worked with kids aged 5 to 12 through a program called “With play to Master”, which is adjusted to children's physical and mental needs. Real Aikido is included in Serbian elementary school curriculum from 2005 as elective subject. Vračarević was the author of 12 books and videos dealing with Real Aikido and self-defense. The books
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Iwama Dōjō


The Iwama Dōjō is a "dōjō" built by the founder of aikido, Morihei Ueshiba, who lived there from 1942 until his death in 1969. It is located in the former town of Iwama and became an important historical location for the development of aikido and "a Mecca to the aikido community." This dojo is also where Morihiro Saito, one of the founder's closest students, learned and taught aikido from 1946 until 2002 developing what is often referred to as the Iwama Style. Iwama was a small farming village
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Alan Ruddock


Alan Ruddock (10 January 1944 – 2 April 2012) was an Irish Martial Arts pioneer, teacher and writer. He introduced both Aikido & Karate to Ireland and was the founder of the "Aiki no Michi" and its interpretation of Aikido. Ruddock was one of the few western Aikido practitioners and only Irish national who studied directly under the founder of Aikido, Morihei Ueshiba ("O-Sensei"). Alan Thomas Ruddock was born in Dublin in 1944. At age thirteen he found a book on Judo and from
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Roy Y. Suenaka


, and aikido became popular with the servicemen stationed there. Wadokai Aikido is an aikido organization founded by Suenaka in 1975 and it is based in Charleston, South Carolina. Wadokai teaches Suenaka-ha Tetsugaku-ho Aikido, which means "Suenaka style, philosophical way." Wadokai Aikido has dojo throughout the United States and China. Suenaka was a 4th generation student of aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba. Originally organised as "Aikidos" American International Ki Development and Philosophical Society, Wadokai Aikdio teaches a method of aikido that is both martial
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International School of Traditional Aikido


The International School of Traditional Aikido (ISTA) is an umbrella organisation for aikido dojos founded in France by Shihan Alain Peyrache, that allows aikidoka to practice the art of aikido in a traditional way, without the modern changes in martial arts in present days. Founder of ISTA and EPA (Europe Promotion Aikido). Born in 1950, and started training in aikido by the age of 14 by error - going to a judo dojo only to discover that the class taught at that time was actually aikido. After a few years
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Kanshu Sunadomari


the age of 38, Sunadomari received the rank of 9th [dan]. Sunadomari dedicated himself to the teaching of aikido in Kyūshū while based in Kumamoto. Sunadomari comes from a family of devout believers in Ōmoto, the religion on which Ueshiba based the spiritual underpinnings of aikido, and the Sunadomari family maintained a close relationship with the founder until his death. Kanemoto Sunadomari (elder brother of Kanshu) studied under the founder in the early 1930s and published the first biography of the Founder in 1969 entitled "Aikido Kaiso Morihei Ueshiba
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Benjamin Galarpe


Benjamin G. Galarpe (US-Veteran, Ret) is considered to be the father of Aikido in the Philippines. He began training in 1957 in Guam under Harry S. Ito. Four years later he earned his Shodan (rank) degree from the Japan Aikido Hombu Dojo. He was the first Aikido representative of the Japan Aikikai Hombu Dojo to spread and propagate Aikido in the Philippines. Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido, promoted him to the degree of Nidan after advanced training in the World Aikido Hombu in Sanjukuku, Tokyo
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Robert Nadeau (aikidoka)


several notable Ju-Jitsu schools and which eventually led to the formation of the California Aikido Association. He is one of three division heads of the California Aikido Association and holds a teaching certification signed by Morihei Ueshiba and Kisshomaru Ueshiba. He is also the founder and head instructor of City Aikido of San Francisco, Aikido of San Jose, and Aikido of Mountain View, CA. Nadeau is well known as a pioneer in the energy and awareness aspects of aikido, having committed his martial arts career to understanding and translating these principles
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Hirokazu Kobayashi (aikidoka)


, founder of Shodokan Aikido. On 10 October 1969, Kobayashi invited Tomiki to Osaka, where the latter gave a short course to introduce competitive aikido to students from six local universities. In aikido circles, there was friction regarding competitive aikido because nobody knew Tomiki's theories or the essence of his aikido. Kobayashi met with Tomiki to try to understand his techniques and his intentions. He suggested that Tomiki show his aikido to the students as the best way for everyone to understand. One of Tomiki's instructors, Tetsuro Nariyama,
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Iwama, Ibaraki


length) as well as the Atago shrine (愛宕神社 "Atago Jinja"). As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 16,588 and a density of 332.23 persons per km. The total area was 49.93 km. Iwama is known for having been the residence of Morihei Ueshiba, founder of Aikido, from 1942 until his death. It was during this period that the term "Aikido" came into use. The world's only shrine to Aikido was built here by the founder along with a small dojo.
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Shudokan Aikido


emphasizes practical efficiency and is the style used to train women and anti-riot teams of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police. There are no tournaments and it is not classed as a sport. The Aikido Shudokan has a clear lineage to traditional Aikido. Ueshiba Morihei a student of Takeda Sokaku was the founder of Aikido a form of budo. Shioda Gozo was a prominent student of Ueshiba. After the lifting of the ban of martial arts in the mid-1950s Shioda became the first person to demonstrate aikido to the general public at the very first
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Aikikai


The Aikikai is the original school of Aikido. It is centered on the Aikikai Foundation in Japan, and its figurehead is the Doshu (the family heir of the founder of Aikido). It is represented globally through the International Aikido Federation. The is the original aikido organization. It has been an incorporated entity in Japan since 1940 under the name Kobukai Foundation (財団法人皇武会 Zaidan Hojin Kobukan), then re-registered under the name "Aikikai" after the ban on Aikido practice was lifted by the GHQ in 1948. .
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Aikido and the Dynamic Sphere


Aikido and the Dynamic Sphere is a non-fiction book about the martial art of aikido. Oscar Ratti and Adele Westbrook, husband and wife, wrote "Aikido and the Dynamic Sphere" shortly after they had achieved shodan rank in aikido, and a short stay in Japan. It is based largely on the teachings of Yasuo Ohara, founder of the New York Aikikai. The book has been praised for Ratti's many illustrations (over 1200); although it has been noted that they do not provide sufficient information for the
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Katsuaki Asai


Katsuaki Asai (born 1942) is a Japanese aikidoka who is the founder of Aikikai in Germany, and is the highest ranked aikidoka in that country. Asai started training under aikido's founder Morihei Ueshiba aged 13, at the Hombu dojo in Tokyo, and continued during his studies at Meiji University. He was sent to Germany by Kisshomaru Ueshiba in 1965 to teach aikido, and has lived in the country ever since. His first occupation was to teach aikido to policemen in Münster, and he now runs a school in Düsseldorf
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Aikido World Championships


The Aikido World Championships is a tournament organized by the style of Tomiki Aikido or Shodokan Aikido following the wishes of its founder Tomiki Kenji. Although, the competition itself is open for all practitioners regardless of style, competitors are predominantly Tomiki Aikido or Shodokan members. Events are split into Embu (Kata) and Randori, as well as team events, with some events being specific to Kyu or Dan grades. The competition is held in a different location every two years. The most recent events include Tokyo in 2005; Ohio in
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Aikido Yuishinkai


Aikido Yuishinkai (Japanese: ) is a style of aikido founded in 1996 by former Aikikai instructor and Ki no Kenkyukai President and Chief instructor Koretoshi Maruyama. Aikido Yuishinkai has many dojo operating in Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, the Philippines, Argentina, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Norway and the United States. Koretoshi Maruyama was a personal student of the founder of Aikido Morihei Ueshiba, 4th generation receiving a 6th dan and today travels the world giving seminars The school focuses on 4 levels
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Yasuhisa Shioda


of Chuo University and lived in England for 3 years. He actively teaches aikido in Japan, through published books and travels throughout the world. Yasuhisa Shioda started practising Aikido at the age of 13, training every day. He graduated in 1971 from the Economics Department of Chuo University in Tokyo. As a member of the Yoshinkan Aikido Dojo he continued to undergo aikido training with his father, the founder of Yoshinkan Gozo Shioda Sensei, and spread aikido by teaching it in universities, and to police departments, and various other organizations
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Aikido concepts


a concept in Japanese martial arts, particularly aikido, referring to the true victory of self-mastery. It was a common saying of aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba which emphasizes that aikido is not a competitive martial art like judo or taekwondo. states that in aikido one should not kill the opponent. It is related to the kenjutsu concepts of "satsuninto" (殺人刀 the sword that takes life; also "satsujinken" 殺人剣) and katsujinken (活人剣 the sword that gives life). relates to 'whole body movement',
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Hiroshi Kato (aikido)


” Kato attended Doshu’s class over three generations: the Founder, the second Doshu, and the current third Doshu. He received his first six black belts from the Founder and his next two black belts from the second Doshu. His self-training in Aikido has been ascetic. In his early years, he often used to practice weapons by himself through the night, greet sunrise the next morning, and then go to work again. Kato's Aikido had a measure of personal spirituality to it. Before every class,
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Yoshio Sugino


stint as a bank clerk. Jigoro Kano, the founder of judo, introduced Sugino to the Katori Shinto-ryu school of kenjutsu in 1927. Sugino also started studying Yoshin Koryu under Genro Kanaya around this time. He met aikido's founder Morihei Ueshiba in the early 1930s, and studied aikido sufficiently to gain a teaching license and open an Aikikai-affiliated dojo by 1935. By the 1940s he was teaching kenjutsu, aikido, judo and naginatajutsu full-time. During World War II, Sugino's home and dojo were
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William Gleason (aikidoka)


William Gleason (born 4 September 1943) is the American author of two books about aikido, spirituality and kototama. He holds the rank of 7th dan in aikido and is the founder and head instructor of "Shobu Aikido" in Somerville, MA, USA. Gleason teaches seminars worldwide. Gleason lived in Tokyo, Japan from 1969–80, where he trained in traditional aikido and Japanese sword at the world headquarters of aikido, the Aikikai Hombu Dojo. Gleason wrote a brief account of his training at the dojo, describing the training
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Yoseikan Aikido


Yoseikan Aikido (養正館合気道 "Yoseikan Aikidō") is the aikido taught at the Yoseikan Dojo in Shizuoka, Japan, under the direction of Minoru Mochizuki (望月 稔 "Mōchizuki Minoru", 1907–2003). Mochizuki was a direct student of aikido's founder, Morihei Ueshiba. He was an uchi deshi (live-in student) from around November 1930, to around August 1931. Mochizuki maintained contact with Ueshiba until the latter's death in 1969. In the 1970s Yoseikan Aikido was formally organised into Yoseikan Budo along with the
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Ki Aikido


Shin Shin Toitsu Aikido (新進といつ 合気道) or Ki Aikido (気 合気道) is a japanese martial art, a gendai budo (contemporary martial art). It is part of the martial arts derived from aikido, which appeared after its founder death in 1969. It started in early 70's with the creation of the Ki Society of Koichi Tohei, the previous aikikai head of staff. This self-defense martial art is based on aikido techniques and japanese yoga and promote non-violent conflict solving and self-development.
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Kenji Tomiki


-style fighting which would put him at odds with much, but not all, of the aikido world. It was this action on the part of Tomiki of attempting to convert aikido into a sport that led to a schism with the founder Morihei Ueshiba and the Aikikai. Tomiki was urged by the Aikikai to adopt a different name for his art other than “aikido” if he intended to introduce such a system of competition. Convinced of the need to modernize aikido, he stood his ground and persisted in his efforts to
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Patricia Hendricks


Patricia Hendricks is a 7th dan aikido teacher and founder of Aikido of San Leandro. She is also the head of division one (the Iwama division) of the California Aikido Association and is the first "menkyo kaiden" in Saito's system of aiki-ken and aiki-jo. Patricia Hendricks as a 7th Dan, Shihan is one of the highest and most noted aikido instructors in the world. She teaches internationally and runs a full-time dojo in San Leandro, California. She has spent more than 7 years
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Yoseikan budō


of the esoteric ways that (some contend) evolved with post-World War II traditional Aikido and some of its offshoots. At one point Kisshomaru Ueshiba, the headmaster and son of the aikido founder, reputedly asked Mochizuki to refrain from using the name aikido to refer to the aiki portion of his system. The system although still employing the term aikido is also known to use the term "aiki budo" to refer to this part of the art. Minoru Mochizuki's 1932 licence from Ueshiba was in Daitō-ryū Aiki
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Hiroshi Kato (aikido)


Kato-sensei was born in Tokyo. He began Aikido training in 1954 at Aikido World Headquarters (Hombu Dojo) under the instruction of the Founder of Aikido, Morihei Ueshiba otherwise known as O’Sensei. Introduced to the Aikikai Hombu Dojo through his mother’s network of connections when he was 19, he trained there daily as well as spending long hours perfecting his personal practice. Working during the day as a printer, he attended classes at night, and for this reason he was unable to be an uchideshi, and does not
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Nobuyoshi Higashi


Nobuyoshi Higashi (born 1938) is a Japanese American teacher of Tomiki Aikido, karate, and judo, and the founder of Kokushi-ryu jujutsu. He is a 10th dan in jujitsu, 9th dan in judo, 7th dan in aikido, and 7th dan in karate. His style of aikido includes defenses against knives. He was a staff member at Kokushikan University in 1960 and later served as an exchange professor in the US. He established the American Tomiki Aikido Alliance in 1976. He became a professor at SUNY Stony
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Iwama style


Dojo and a technical manual written by the founder. Among non-Iwama practitioners, a common opinion is that Iwama style mainly is Morihei Ueshiba's aikido of the 1940s and 1950s not taking into consideration his later years; this viewpoint is considered to be too simplistic by Iwama-style practitioners. Iwama (style) Aikido has a strong grip when starting most of the kata (drills). Most Aikido styles uses a softer grip method when starting their kata. Iwama Aikido style grip is strong and powerful and the aim is
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Masamichi Noro


the founder of Aikido, Masamichi Noro created Kinomichi® in order to further extend his quest. There followed a new succession of Parisian dojos dedicated to the study of Kinomichi : rue Logelbach, boulevard de Strasbourg, boulevard des Batignolles. After an inevitable period of adjustments and intense research, the links between Kinomichi® and Aikido developed and deepened. 1995, at the time of the 20th anniversary of Aikido in Germany and at the invitation of his friend Katsuaki Asai, 8th dan Aïkikaï and pioneer of Aikido in Germany, he presented
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Aikido styles


aikido was not being taught in Tokyo. A number of students including Koichi Tohei and Gozo Shioda took it upon themselves to become active in disseminating aikido. Some years later, Kisshomaru Ueshiba, the Founder's son began to actively revive the Aikikai Headquarters in Tokyo. From the post-war period until the 1980s, numerous aikido organizations evolved in parallel to the main branch led by the Ueshiba family. The earliest independent styles to emerge were The emergence of these styles pre-dated Ueshiba's death and did not cause any major
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Akira Tohei


Akira Tohei (August 20, 1929 – July 2, 1999) was a Japanese aikido teacher. He held the rank of 8th dan in the Aikikai. He began his aikido practice in 1946 under Koichi Tohei, then the chief instructor at Aikikai Honbu Dojo. From 1956 he practiced under the direct instruction of aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba. In 1963, Tohei was asked by Morihei Ueshiba to accompany his son, Kisshomaru Ueshiba, on a tour of aikido dojo throughout the United States. When the three-month journey ended in
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Aikido techniques


a real-life self-defense situation. Aikido techniques are usually a defense against an attack; therefore, to practice aikido with their partner, students must learn to deliver various types of attacks. Although attacks are not studied as thoroughly as in striking-based arts such as karate or taekwondo, "honest" or "sincere" attacks (a strong strike or an immobilizing grab) are needed to study correct and effective application of technique. Many of the of aikido are often said to resemble cuts from a sword or
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Kazuo Chiba


Kazuo Chiba (千葉和雄 also T.K. Chiba; February 5, 1940 – June 5, 2015) was a Japanese Aikido teacher and founder of Birankai International. He served for seven years as uchideshi at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo before being dispatched abroad to help develop Aikido internationally. He held an 8th dan in Aikido, issued by Aikikai world headquarters in Tokyo, Japan and was active in Aikido for over 50 years. Kazuo Chiba was born February 5, 1940 near Tokyo, Japan. At 14 years of age, he began serious
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Alan Ruddock


"always focused on the essential simplicity of the Founder's art." In 1995 Ruddock reconnected with Henry Kono and the latter subsequently travelled to Europe many times to jointly instruct at various Aikido seminars. Kono's outlook on Aikido contributed to the philosophy of the Aiki no Michi organisation. In later years Ruddock split his time between IOM and Ireland with the IOM Aikido club being his home dojo. Via his instruction, Alan helped guide the development of numerous Aikido organisations across several countries until his death. Ruddock graded to 4th dan
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Hiroshi Kato (aikido)


appear in early photographs with them. He continued to train for over 52 years at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo although he later primarily taught at his Suginami Dojo, but he still attended special events at Aikikai Hombu dojo. After his first 10 years at Hombu Dojo, Kato-sensei occasionally had chances to personally serve the Founder. He pursued Aikido through the Founder’s image, as according to Kato-sensei, “To me, the Founder is not dead. He is still alive in my mind and in my heart.
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Kobayashi aikido


Kokusai Aikidō Kenshūkai Kobayashi Hirokazu Ha (国際合気道研修会小林裕和派) is the school of aikido propagated by Hirokazu Kobayashi (1929–1998) (not Yasuo Kobayashi) disciple of the founder of aikido Morihei Ueshiba (1883–1969). Hirokazu Kobayashi's teaching abroad focused on several European nations including France, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Poland, and these countries formed the core of his independent style. After the death of Kobayashi in 1998, this school is led by Andre Cognard (self-proclaimed). In addition to Europe, Kobayashi Aikido is practiced
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Aikikai


It is headed by the doshu, the living successor of the founder of aikido. In its name, "Kai" (会) simply means assembly or club. The Aikikai Foundation operates Hombu dojo, which is also named Aikido World Headquarters. It is sometimes called the Aikikai Hombu to distinguish it from the headquarters of later aikido organisations. It is located in Tokyo. The term "Hombu" may sometimes be used loosely to refer to the upper echelons of instructors at Hombu dojo, or to the Aikikai Foundation itself.
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Kotodama


known as "ukehi" supposedly determines results, and in this case, Amaterasu giving birth to five male deities proved that Susanoo's intentions were pure. "Kototama" or "kotodama" is also fundamental to Japanese martial arts, for instance, in the use of kiai. Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of aikido and a student of Deguchi, used "kototama" as a spiritual basis for his teachings. William Gleason says Ueshiba "created aikido based on the "kototama" principle," and quotes him that "Aikido
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Kanshu Sunadomari


transmitting the spirit of the founder across the world through physical technique. The "do" in Manseido is the same as in Aikido, referring to "the way", rather than the "kan" in Manseikan that can be translated as mansion or castle. Manseido translates as "the way of giving life to all things" or "the way for all people." On January 11, 2008, Sunadomari chose to return to using the name Manseikan Aikido (万生館合氣道) to pay homage to the Founder and to re
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Koichi Tohei


Ki" and "relax completely" leaving things up to the Universe helped him to stay safe during the war, along with the eighty men under his command. Beginning in 1953 Koïchi Tohei Sensei was responsible for the introduction of Aikido to the West, mainly through regular teaching journeys to Hawaii, but also continental US and Europe. It was the first time the Founder of Aikido allowed for the art to be taught outside Japan. For that reason, Hawaii became a center for diffusion of Aikido in the United States, and
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Budo Renshu


Budo Renshu is a technical manual describing 166 techniques of the martial art of aikido. It was written by aikido's founder, Morihei Ueshiba and his student Kenji Tomiki, and illustrated by Takako Kunigoshi. "Budo Renshu" was published in 1933, and thus details Ueshiba's pre-war aikido techniques, when the art he was teaching was essentially Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu.The book was only produced in small quantities, and was made available to selected students at the Kobukan Dojo, to whom it was presented as
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Aikido Schools of Ueshiba


, administered under a board of senior instructors. In addition to the actions of the board, ASU policy is reviewed and set by three standing committees: an Examination Committee, an Instructional Committee, and an Advisory Committee of ASU instructors who are not board members. Saotome Shihan and Patty Saotome Sensei remain involved in ASU administration as Special Advisors to the ASU board. ASU's stated mission emphasizes the organization's special lineage to the founder of Aikido: "to preserve and disseminate the teachings and principles of Aikido, as transmitted by
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Aikido


's death in 1969, two more major styles emerged. Significant controversy arose with the departure of the Aikikai Hombu Dojo's chief instructor Koichi Tohei, in 1974. Tohei left as a result of a disagreement with the son of the founder, Kisshomaru Ueshiba, who at that time headed the Aikikai Foundation. The disagreement was over the proper role of "ki" development in regular aikido training. After Tohei left, he formed his own style, called Shin Shin Toitsu Aikido, and the organization that governs it, the Ki
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Iwama style


Iwama Style Aikido is the style of aikido that was taught at Iwama dojo (in Iwama) by the founder of aikido, Morihei Ueshiba, and especially the lineage passed on through Morihiro Saito, a close disciple who was given responsibility over Iwama dojo by Ueshiba. It is also known by many names. These include Iwama-ryū (岩間流 where "ryū" is the Japanese term for a style or school), Iwama Style (岩間スタイル where "style" was transliterated into Japanese from English). It is often associated
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Iwama Dōjō


were renovated by care-taker Morihiro Saito in 2001-2002 with the approval of Dōshu Moriteru Ueshiba. This renovation also included a fence set up around the compound, and a stone with the carvings "Aiki Jinja" designed by Seiseki Abe, a master of both calligraphy and Aikido, who was also the calligraphy teacher of Morihei Ueshiba. A large statue of the founder of aikido was erected in the shrine grounds and unveiled on 8 November 2009. Surplus material from this monument was used to make a bust of the founder
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Jacques Payet


Jacques Payet (ジャック・パイエ, born August 24, 1957) is a practitioner of Yoshinkan-style aikido. He was the longest-serving non-Japanese "uchi-deshi" of Yoshinkan founder Gozo Shioda and is ranked in the Yoshinkan organization, with the honorific . He is the founder and head instructor of Mugenjuku dojo and the Mugenjuku Kenshusei program in Kyoto, Japan. He is also the originator of the well-known Senshusei Course, a translator of several important works in aikido, and a guest instructor in demand around
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Harry Kiyoshi Ishisaka


Harry Kiyoshi Ishisaka (25 December 1927January 1978) was a leading "sensei", or master of the Japanese martial art of aikido. Founder and chief instructor of the Orange County Aiki Kai for much of his life, he did much to popularize aikido in southern California. His obituary in "Black Belt" magazine described him as "one of the foremost practitioners of aikido in America." Harry Ishisaka was born on 25 December 1928 in Kealakekua, Hawaii. As a child he was involved in different forms of martial arts
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Thomas H. Makiyama


Thomas H. Makiyama (1928–2005), born in Hawaii, was an aikido teacher and founder of Keijutsukai Aikido and the Keijutsukai International Federation (Keijutsukai Kokusai Renmei), based in Tokyo. The organization teaches Keijutsukai Aikido and Keijutsu (a specialized method of defensive tactics for law enforcement personnel). Makiyama started budō at the age of 18 in 1947 after enlisting in the U.S. Army. He was sent to Japan and was stationed in Yokohama, where he was assigned to the 8th Army’s military police criminal investigation division. At the
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Kazuo Chiba


the son of the Aikido founder; Morihei was frequently away from the dojo giving lectures on Aikido and Oomoto-Kyo during Chiba's stay as uchideshi. For much of his seven-year period as a live-in student, however, Chiba Sensei travelled extensively with Morihei Ueshiba as his personal assistant during travels spreading Aikido. By 1960, Chiba had received the rank of 3rd dan and was assigned to Nagoya to establish one of the first branch schools of the Aikikai headquarters, where he served as its full-time instructor
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Mitsunari Kanai


, Massachusetts. Kanai was instrumental in the early development of aikido in the United States and Canada, and taught seminars widely throughout the United States, Canada and Europe. He was one of the founders and a Technical Director of both the United States Aikido Federation (USAF) and the CAF. Kanai Sensei was also skilled in iaido and subsequently taught this art to his senior students, many of whom hold dan rank in both iaido and aikido. He was also highly respected for his metalworking skills and deep historical knowledge of the
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Yasuo Ohara


Yasuo Ohara was a Japanese aikido instructor, and the founder of the New York Aikikai. Ohara moved to New York City in the 1950s to study Business Administration at Columbia University. After he performed at a martial arts demonstration there in 1961 he was approached by fellow-student Barry Bernstein, who asked Ohara to teach him aikido. They were joined by others, including a number of judoka, and became the New York Aikikai. At this time Ohara, a 2-dan, was the only aikido teacher on America's East Coast
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Kenji Tomiki


Tomiki was one of the early students of the founder of aikido Morihei Ueshiba, beginning in 1926, and also of Jigoro Kano, the founder of judo. In 1928 he obtained 5th "dan" in judo and in the following year he represented Miyagi Prefecture in the first judo tournament held in front of the Emperor—this tournament became the All Japan Tournament the following year. From 1936 till the end of the second world war he lived in Manchukuo (Manchuria) where he taught aikibudo (an early name for aikido)
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Hideo Ohba


personal relationship with Kenji Tomiki became very close. He was awarded 5th dan in judo in 1933. From 1940 he was teaching judo at Kenkoku University in Manchukuo. In 1942 he was awarded 5th dan by Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of aikido, who used him as uke during the budo festival on the 10th anniversary of the foundation of Manchukuo. It was during this demonstration that he gained notoriety by attacking Ueshiba for real. He is quoted as saying Ueshiba was a little stiff but he knew then he was in the presence
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Hitohiro Saito


Hitohiro Saito (斎藤 仁弘 "Saitō Hitohiro", born 12 February 1957 in Iwama) is an aikido instructor and founding headmaster of Iwama Shin-Shin Aiki Shuren-kai. Hitohiro is the son of Morihiro Saito. At age of seven, he started to learn aikido from Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of aikido, who cared for him as a grandson.. After Ueshiba died in 1969, he continued his practice with his father. The younger Saito became an official instructor of the Iwama dojo in 1986 and remained so until
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Morihiro Saito


Morihiro Saito (斉藤 守弘 "Saitō Morihiro", March 31, 1928–May 13, 2002) was a teacher of the Japanese martial art of aikido, with many students around the world. Saito's practice of aikido spanned 56 years, from the age of 18, when he first met aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba, until his death in 2002. Morihiro Saito was born in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, on 31 March 1928. Growing up in a poor farming village in the 1930s and early 40s, he recounted having the same
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Joe Thambu


annual All Japan Yoshinkan Aikido Demonstration. In 1993 Thambu became the last person to be graded by Yoshinkan founder Gozo Shioda, before his death in mid-1994. At only 32 years of age, he became the youngest non-Japanese to be awarded a 5th Dan in Yoshinkan Aikido. This record has since been passed onto Thambu's former student, Jon Marshall, who was awarded 5th Dan in 2006 at Yoshinkan Hombu. In acknowledgment for his dedication to Aikido, Thambu was awarded his seventh dan by Shioda Yasuhisa, the former head
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Koretoshi Maruyama


full time professional aikido instructor and he became an uchi deshi of Aikido Founder Morihei Ueshiba who awarded him the rank of 6th Dan in aikido. In 1972 Maruyama resigned from the Aikikai to become the chief instructor of the Ki No Kenkyukai which had been founded the previous year, at which time he was granted the rank of 8th Dan by Koichi Tohei. During his time at the Ki no Kenkyukai he had various teaching responsibilities throughout the world. In the period time he studied the healing arts of Seitei with Haruchika Noguchi, Soutai
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Stanley Pranin


2005 in Los Angeles. Since beginning his research, Pranin has collected and filmed many hours of film and video of aikido teachers beginning with founder Morihei Ueshiba. The "Aikido Journal" archives include more than 30 films of Ueshiba. Other teachers documented by Pranin are Morihiro Saito, Shoji Nishio, Noriaki (Yoichiro) Inoue, Koichi Tohei, Seigo Yamaguchi and Rinjiro Shirata. Pranin's major events are recorded on video, and he has collected and filmed many hours of footage over several decades from the All-Japan Aikido Demonstrations
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Seishiro Endo


, born 1942, is an 8th dan ranked Aikikai aikido master teacher. Endō is among the few living people who studied directly under aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba. He trained at Aikikai Hombu Dojo with master teachers including Seigo Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Tada, Mitsunari Kanai, and Yasuo Kobayashi. When Endo was 30 years old he dislocated his right shoulder. According to an interview, that event brought him to a turning point. After the injury, Yamaguchi said to him, ""You’ve been doing aikido for 10 years now,
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Aiki-jō


Aiki-jō (Kanji: 合気杖 Hiragana: あいきじょう) is the name given specifically to the set of martial art techniques practiced with a "jō" (a wooden staff about four feet long), according to the principles of aikido. Jō techniques were introduced into aikido by Morihei Ueshiba, aikido's founder, and further developed by Morihiro Saito, one of Ueshiba's most prominent students. Much of the aiki-jō syllabus was developed by Morihei Ueshiba (植芝 盛平 "Ueshiba Morihei", 1883–1969) at his dojo
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Robert Nadeau (aikidoka)


Robert Nadeau (born March 10, 1937) is an American aikido teacher holding the rank of 8th dan and master teacher("Shihan") in the Aikikai. Nadeau began training in martial arts at the age of 16 and began studying Aikido with American instructor Robert Tan. After Training in Japan with the founder of Aikido, Morihei Ueshiba from 1960-1962 Nadeau returned to Northern California and opened a series of martial art schools sharing space with first Professor Sig Kuferath and then Richard Bunch through whom he has had on-going contact with
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Hiroshi Tada


Hiroshi Tada (多田 宏, ただ ひろし, "Tada Hiroshi") (born December 14, 1929) is a Japanese aikido teacher holding the rank of 9th dan in the Aikikai. Born in Tokyo within a former Samurai family, Tada first studied his family's style of archery (Heki-Ryū Chikurin-ha Ban-pa) under his father in the family's house in Jiyūgaoka. He then became a member of the Waseda University karate club before starting training in aikido at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo under aikido founder
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Alan Ruddock


was the only instruction Ruddock received from any aikidoka prior his voyage back to Japan. Ruddock went back to Japan in 1966 specifically to learn Aikido, travelling six weeks by sea. He first saw Ueshiba about four days after he started regular training. "He was the real reason for my Aikido pilgrimage to Japan. I had read quite a bit about this miraculous old man and having seen the pictures – I wanted the real thing. I knew what he did was special and wanted to be like that too – but I
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Iwama style


organization independent of the Aikikai, and it can be regarded as a rather informal network. Iwama style includes the combined study ("riai") of traditional Japanese weapons ("bukiwaza"), specifically Aiki-jō (staff) and Aiki-ken (sword), and of empty-handed aikido("taijutsu"), both accompanied by kiai. Iwama practitioners often claim that their aikido is close to that of the founder, as preserved by Morihiro Saito. Much of this claim is based on photos taken from the Noma
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Gaku Homma


Homma Gaku (本間 学 "Honma Gaku"), born May 12, 1950, is an aikido teacher and direct student of the founder Morihei Ueshiba. He is an author; the books "Children and the Martial Arts" and "Aikido for Life" are his most prominent publications. Homma, whose father was a Shinto priest and an officer in the Japanese Imperial Army during the war, was born in Akita Prefecture. According to Homma, at the age of 14, he was sent by his father to train
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Misogi


the waterfall while continuously chanting the phrase . This phrase asks the "kami" to wash away the impurity from the six elements that make up the human being, the five senses and the mind. The practice of this varies from group to group, each having their own traditions or methods. Misogi is also used in some forms of martial arts, especially aikido, to prepare the mind for training and to learn how to develop one's "Dantian", or centre. The founder of aikido, Morihei Ueshiba, regularly
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Iwama Dōjō


茨城支部道場 "Ibaraki Shibu Dojo"), also known as the Ibaraki Dojo or the Shibu Dojo, is a small aikido dojo, run by the Aikikai Foundation. The land on which the dojo and shrine were built was first purchased by Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of aikido, in 1940. In 1943 he built the first part of the current Aiki Jinja and an "outdoor dojo" where he lived a life of ""Buno Ichinyo"" (the union of agriculture and Budō). This dojo was completed in
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Nonviolence


imply pacifism. Alternate theories of self-defence, inspired by Ahimsa, build principles similar to theories of just war. Aikido, pioneered in Japan, illustrates one such principles of self-defence. Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido, described his inspiration as Ahimsa. According to this interpretation of Ahimsa in self-defence, one must not assume that the world is free of aggression. One must presume that some people will, out of ignorance, error or fear, attack other persons or intrude into their space,
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Mutsuro Nakazono


Mutsuro Nakazono (December 20, 1918 – 1994) (first name also spelled "Mitsuro" or "Masahilo") was a Japanese acupuncturist, a Oriental medicine practitioner, a judo 6th dan and a 7th dan Aikikai aikido master. He studied under Morihei Ueshiba (the founder of Aikido) and Ogasawara (a teacher of the Kototama Principle) for many years. Born in the Kagoshima prefecture of Japan, he relocated to France in 1961 where he remained until the early 1970s as a representative of the Aikikai in Europe and
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Budo: The Art of Killing


mat rolls, pole-hopping, bunny-hops, and practice of hip throws using rubber bands tied around trees. The film moves on to discuss naginata-do, a budō popular with female martial art practitioners in Japan. Aikido is then demonstrated by Gozo Shioda, the founder of Yoshinkan aikido interspersed with shots of leaves falling into a brook. To emphasize the film's theme of "mind and body are one in Budo" the viewer is shown Shinto practitioners fire walking. The film then shows training in a sumo
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Mitsugi Saotome


Mitsugi Saotome is a master in the martial art of aikido and was a direct disciple of the founder of aikido, Morihei Ueshiba. At the age of 16, Saotome began his martial arts training in judo. At the age of 18, he entered the Aikikai Hombu Dojo in Tokyo in order to train under Ueshiba. He became an uchi-deshi in 1958 and trained there for a total of 15 years until his teacher's death in 1969. Saotome began teaching at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo in 1960. He was very
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Ahimsa


Hindu scriptures support the use of violence against an armed attacker. Ahimsa is not meant to imply pacifism. Alternate theories of self-defence, inspired by Ahimsa, build principles similar to theories of just war. Aikido, pioneered in Japan, illustrates one such principles of self-defence. Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido, described his inspiration as Ahimsa. According to this interpretation of Ahimsa in self-defence, one must not assume that the world is free of aggression. One must presume that some people will,
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Karl Geis


Karl Geis (1933 – April 7, 2014 in Houston, Texas) was a judo, aikido, and jodo instructor. He died after battling prostate cancer. Karl Geis is a member of the Black Belt Magazine Hall of Fame, and the founder of Fugakukai Aikido. Geis was first exposed to Judo in 1955 while as a member of the US Air Force. Karl Geis would train at the Kodokan. Geis would be promoted to 4th dan in judo at the Kodokan in 1967 at the age of 34 and to 6th
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Masamichi Noro


Kinomichi® before a gathering of the greatest masters of Aikido, including the Doshu. From 1996, he made frequent visits to the Aikikai Foundation in Tokyo and, of course, to Kishomaru Ueshiba, the son of Aikido’s founder. In 2001, he obtained recognition from the ministry of youth and sports (Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports) of Kinomichi® as an official sporting discipline. In 2004, he participated in the events celebrating the 20th anniversary of the , FFAAA, which welcomed the Moriteru Ueshiba, representative
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Ljubomir Vračarević


are written in Serbian, while some of them were translated to Russian or English. These include: “Defense From Knife”, “Aikido-Judo”, “Defense Without Fear” (self-defense for women), “I Was Training The Bodyguards”, ”Real Aikido”, “From Beginner to Master”, “Licence for Trainer”, and “Knife, Gun, Stick Techniques”. Vračarević was an honour member of MAA, an international association of combat skills with headquarters in Germany, technical
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Hitohiro Saito


; he emphasizes aiki-jō and aiki-ken. As a teacher he is demanding, always insisting in the deep studies of the basis of Aikido as the only way to get to understand the Aikido of the Founder and of his father Morihiro Saito. Hitohiro Sensei is also a professional chef, calligrapher, painter, and sculptor. In his atelier he carves mostly traditional Japanese masks and "shishigashira" (獅子頭 lion mask). His wife and children also practice daily at his dojo, and in 2016 his sons began
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Bill Ryusaki


John Leoning and actor Poncie Ponce's dojo. In 1962 Ryusaki opened his own dojo combining his unique style of Judo, Jujitsu, Shotokan, Kenpo, and Aikido to become the founder of Ryu Dojo, Hawaiian Kenpo. He dedicated his school to his father, Torazo, to show his love and appreciation for all that is father had taught him. Ryusaki holds a tenth degree (Ju-Dan) in Hawaiian Kenpo and Kajukenbo, a seventh degree in Judo, as well as black belts in Shotokan and Aikido. Ryusaki
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Yutaka Kurita


, T.S Okuyama, and M. Murishige. In 1999, Kurita Juku Aiki was started in order to take Aikido one step further in its development by rescuing all the original teachings of the Founder of Aikido, Morihei Ueshiba. The Central Dojo is in Mexico City and is devoted not only to transmit the teaching of Aiki in its purest form but to develop a theory that will launch it to a better understanding apart from all the martial references that had made it similar to old martial arts. Kurita Juku Aiki works with students from
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Patricia Hendricks


being uchideshi, living in dojos, primarily in Iwama, Japan under Morihiro Saito, a top student of the founder of aikido, Morihei Ueshiba. She was one of the closest students of Saito, with numerous appearances in Saito's books, as well as appearing with him in magazine articles and as his uke on major demonstrations including the All Japan Demo held in Tokyo, Japan every year. She started studying aikido in June 1974 while a student at Monterey Peninsula College in Monterey, California. She had been interested in studying
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Koichi Tohei


fingers and extending the ki into the ill person's body. Tohei describes this as "priming the pump" allowing the person to heal themselves. After recovering from pleurisy he returned to judo, but Tohei wanted more than just physical training and did not think that judo was the right art for him to practise, although he did continue studying judo until he started aikido. In 1940, when he was 19, Tohei's judo instructor, Shohei Mori, recommended that Tohei meet with the founder of aikido, Morihei Ueshiba.
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Gozo Shioda


founder of aikido) was farming, his son Kisshomaru was working for some company, and the sensei's aikido dojo at Iwama in Ibaragi Prefecture was being rented out as a dance hall" (p. 34). Speaking about that same period, Moriteru Ueshiba said, "there was not yet much activity at the Hombu Dojo. For a time my father [Kisshomaru Ueshiba] was actually in Iwama instead ... starting around 1949, he worked for about seven years at a company called Osaka Shoji. He had no other choice
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Alan Ruddock


windows, your mind is free and unattached. If you 'look', you reduce the scope of information reaching your consciousness. You get more about what you are 'looking' at and a lot less about what you can SEE from the same position. In terms of Aikido as 'one against many', seeing is more valuable than looking... The message I would give to Aikidoka in general is that what we see today is not, in my humble opinion, the Aikido of the founder. It has become
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Manzo Iwata


Manzo Iwata (9 February 1924 – 4 June 1993) was a Japanese martial artist. Manzo Iwata was born in Tokyo, Japan, to a family that owned the Iwata-en Tea Company. He began the study of Shito-ryu karate at the age of 10. In junior high school, he also studied judo and kendo. He studied aikido with Ueshiba Morihei, the founder of aikido and a good friend of his grandfather. Iwata enrolled at Toyo University in 1941 and began training in karate directly under Grandmaster Kenwa
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Kenshiro Abbe


old man allowed Kenshiro to get back into his seat. “Who are you?” Kenshiro Abbe asked. “I am Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido.” Kenshiro Abbe was astounded at the technique of the old man and requested that he become his student. Abbe studied aikido under Ueshiba for 10 years, eventually reaching the rank of 6th "dan" in that art. During this period, the Abbes had two daughters: Junko and Noriko. In 1945, the Butoku Kai promoted Abbe to 7th "dan
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Stanley Pranin


1978, he interviewed Kisshomaru Ueshiba for the publication of "Morihei Ueshiba, Founder of Aikido", his Japanese-language biography of his father. Pranin interviewed Ueshiba more than ten times, the last in December 1996. In 1979, he discovered a 1935 16mm film of Morihei Ueshiba in a Tokyo film repository. That year Pranin interviewed Kenji Tomiki, creator of a competitive form of aikido, for a second time. In July 1981 he discovered "Budo", a 1938 training manual by Morihei Ueshiba, while interviewing
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Abdul Rahman Ya'kub


then the Sekolah Anchi in Miri. His father, who wished that Abdul Rahman bin Ya'kub be given an Islamic education, attempted to send him to the Aljunied Arabic School in 1939, a decision that was opposed by his mother due to the outbreak of World War II. He then transferred to St. Joseph Miri, but his studies was cut short by the Japanese invasion. At a young age, he learnt the Japanese martial art Aikido and was able to also meet Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido. Due to financial
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Mitsunari Kanai


Mitsunari Kanai (1939–2004) was an aikido and iaido teacher born in Japan, who spent most of his teaching career in the United States. He was an 8th dan teacher with the title shihan in the organisation Aikikai. Kanai Sensei was one of the last group of students of the founder of aikido, Morihei Ueshiba, entering the Hombu Dojo in 1958 as an uchi-deshi. He moved to the United States in 1966 as a 4th dan and subsequently founded the New England Aikikai, currently located off Porter Square in Cambridge
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Reishin Kawai


and updated his Aikijujutsu studies at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo - primarily studying with O-Sensei Morihei Ueshiba and his son Kisshomaru Ueshiba, as well as with Morihiro Saito on Sundays - for several years, before emigrating to Brazil and setting up practice as an M.D. there. Six years later he took a sabbatical to study Aikijujutsu and Aikido with Aritoshi Murashige, who encouraged him to establish a dojo in Brazil - which Kawai then proceeded to do. In 1963, the Founder of Aikido, Morihei Ueshiba, presented him with the Shihan
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Arnis


groundwork, taken from: Jujutsu, Judo, Aikido and Karate as some of the founders obtained black belt Dan grades in some of these systems. Some eskrima styles are complementary with Chinese Wing Chun, or Japanese aikido because of the nervous system conditioning and body mechanics when striking, twirling or swinging sticks. In Western countries, it is common to practice eskrima in conjunction with other martial arts, particularly Wing Chun, Jeet Kune Do and silat. As a result, there is some confusion between styles, systems, and lineage
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