Nouveau réalisme [SEP] founder
Nouveau réalisme


Nouveau réalisme (new realism) refers to an artistic movement founded in 1960 by the art critic Pierre Restany and the painter Yves Klein during the first collective exposition in the Apollinaire gallery in Milan. Pierre Restany wrote the original manifesto for the group, titled the "Constitutive Declaration of New Realism," in April 1960, proclaiming, "Nouveau Réalisme—new ways of perceiving the real." This joint declaration was signed on 27 October 1960, in Yves Klein's workshop, by nine people: Yves Klein, Arman,
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Collage


Segal, and Andy Warhol; and Europeans such as Arman, Baj, Christo, Yves Klein, Festa, Rotella, Jean Tinguely, and Schifano. It followed the Nouveau Réalisme exhibition at the Galerie Rive Droite in Paris, and marked the international debut of the artists who soon gave rise to what came to be called Pop Art in Britain and The United States and Nouveau Réalisme on the European continent. Many of these artists used collage techniques in their work. Wesselmann took part in the "New Realist" show with some
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Nouveau réalisme


then joined the movement, followed by Christo in 1963. Klein, however, started to distance himself from the group around 1961, disliking Restany's insistence on a Dadaist heritage. The first exposition of the "nouveaux réalistes" took place in November 1960 at the Paris ""Festival d'avant-garde"". This exposition was followed by others: in May 1961 at the Gallery J. in Paris; "Premier Festival du Nouveau Réalisme" in Nice from July til September 1961 at the Muratore Gallery and the Abbaye de Roseland
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Nouveau réalisme


; "International Exhibition of the New Realists", a survey of contemporary American pop art and the Nouveau Réalisme movement at the Sidney Janis Gallery in New York at the end of 1962; and at the Biennale of San Marino in 1963 (which would be the last collective show by the group). The movement had difficulty maintaining a cohesive program after the death of Yves Klein in June, 1962 and when Omiros abandoned it and decided to go in his own path experimenting with perspective and space. The members of the nouveaux
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Tom Wesselmann


included works by the American artists Jim Dine, Robert Indiana, Roy Lichtenstein, Claes Oldenburg, James Rosenquist, George Segal, and Andy Warhol; and Europeans such as Arman, Enrico Baj, Christo, Yves Klein, Tano Festa, Mimmo Rotella, Jean Tinguely, and Mario Schifano. It followed the Nouveau Réalisme exhibition at the Galerie Rive Droite in Paris, and marked the international debut of the artists who soon gave rise to what came to be called Pop Art in Britain and The United States and Nouveau Réalisme on the
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Pop art


Roy Lichtenstein, Claes Oldenburg, Robert Rauschenberg, Andy Warhol and Tom Wesselmann. "Nouveau réalisme" refers to an artistic movement founded in 1960 by the art critic Pierre Restany and the artist Yves Klein during the first collective exposition in the Apollinaire gallery in Milan. Pierre Restany wrote the original manifesto for the group, titled the "Constitutive Declaration of New Realism," in April 1960, proclaiming, "Nouveau Réalisme—new ways of perceiving the real." This joint declaration was signed on 27 October 1960, in Yves
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Nouveau réalisme


of reality, equivalent, in the terms used by Pierre Restany, to a "poetic recycling of urban, industrial and advertising reality". Artists of Nouveau Réalisme sought out to strip art of previously thought standards that art had to mean something, they could take any object beyond its preconceived notions and present it as itself, and thought it could still be considered art. Many of them also sought to break down the glamorization of artists producing their craft in private, and due to this often times art pieces were produced in
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Yves Brayer


Yves Brayer (18 November 1907 – 29 May 1990) was a French painter known for his paintings of everyday life. He was born in Versailles and became prominent in the years between World War I and World War II. He studied in Paris at the academies in Montparnasse starting in 1924, and then at the École des Beaux-Arts. Although he was independent and never belonged to a school, he was friends with Francis Gruber, the founder of the "Nouveau Réalisme" school. He first exhibited in the salons
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Raymond Hains


Raymond Hains (9 November 1926 – 28 October 2005) was a prominent French visual artist and a founder of the Nouveau réalisme movement. In 1960, he signed, along with Arman, François Dufrêne, Yves Klein, Jean Tinguely, Jacques Villeglé and Pierre Restany, the Manifesto of New Realism. In 1997 he was awarded the Kurt Schwitters Prize. Raymond Hains was born on November 9, 1926 in Saint-Brieuc, Côtes-d'Armor, France. He studied sculpture at the École des Beaux-Arts in Rennes for
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Niki de Saint Phalle


rifle, or miniature cannon, causing the liquids to "bleed" or to spray out. Her first staged public shooting event was in February 1961, attended by Jean Tinguely, Daniel Spoerri, and Pierre Restany, among others. As founder of the "Nouveau réalisme" ("New Realist") movement, Restany asked Saint Phalle to join this group of French artists upon seeing her performance; she was the only female member of this group. These extreme expressions of violence attracted media attention, catapulting Saint Phalle into the
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Alina Szapocznikow


offered a solo show in the Polish Pavilion at the Venice Biennale. The following year she moved to Paris where she became friends with the art critic and founder of the Nouveau Réalisme movement, Pierre Restany. Back in Paris, Szapocznikow started to produce casts of her breasts, stomach, and legs. Working mainly in bronze and stone, Szapocznikow's early artistic production constitutes the first materially documented trace of her own embodiment. In 1963, the artist began to combine fragmented body parts with revolutionary sculpting materials including polyester and polyurethane.
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Nouveau réalisme


who died prematurely in 1962), who preferred the expression "today's realism" ("réalisme d'aujourd'hui") and criticized the term "New". After the first "Manifesto of New Realism", a second manifesto, titled "40° above Dada" ("40° au-dessus de Dada") was written between 17 May and 10 June 1961. César, Mimmo Rotella, Niki de Saint-Phalle (then practicing "shooting paintings") Omiros with his "free space" and Gérard Deschamps
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Nouveau réalisme


public. Thus the nouveaux réalistes advocated a return to "reality" in opposition to the lyricism of abstract painting. They also wanted to avoid what they saw as the traps of figurative art, which was seen as either petty-bourgeois or as Stalinist socialist realism. Hence the Nouveau Réalistes used exterior objects to give an account of the reality of their time. They were the inventor of the "décollage" technique (the opposite of collages), in particular through the use of lacerated posters—a technique mastered by François
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Pierre Restany


the idea and coined the term "Nouveau Réalisme" with Yves Klein during a group show in the Apollinaire gallery in Milan. It was an idea that united a group of French and Italian artists. Nouveau Realisme was the European answer to the American Neo-Dada of Fluxus and Pop Art. The group included Martial Raysse, Arman, Yves Klein, François Dufrene, Raymond Hains, Daniel Spoerri, Jean Tinguely, Jacques Villeglé - and was later joined by César, Mimmo Rotella, Niki de Saint Phalle and Christo. Restany
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François Dufrene


Francois Dufrene (François Dufrêne) (born Paris, September 21, 1930 - died Paris, December 12, 1982) was a French Nouveau realist visual artist, Lettrist and Ultra-Lettrist poet. He is primarily known as a pioneer in sound poetry and for his use of décollage within Nouveau réalisme. Dufrene, along with Gil J Wolman and Brion Gysin, was one of the stalwarts of the experimental poetry in France. Dufrene's abstract poetry has led many to regard him as a member of the first generation sound poets
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Nouveau réalisme


Dufrene, Jacques Villeglé, Mimmo Rotella and Raymond Hains. Often these artists worked collaboratively and it was their intention to present their artworks in the city of Paris anonymously. Nouveau réalistes made extensive use of collage and assemblage, using real objects incorporated directly into the work and acknowledging a debt to the readymades of Marcel Duchamp. But the New Realism movement has often been compared to the pop art movement in New York for their use and critique of mass-produced commercial objects (Villeglé's ripped cinema posters, Arman's collections of
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Nouveau réalisme


réalistes group tended to see the world as an image from which they could take parts and incorporate them into their works—as they sought to bring life and art closer together. They declared that they had come together on the basis of a new and real awareness of their "collective singularity", meaning that they were together in spite of, or perhaps because of, their differences. But for all the diversity of their plastic language, they perceived a common basis for their work; this being a method of direct appropriation
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Neo-Dada


the foundation of Fluxus, Pop Art and Nouveau réalisme. Neo-Dada was exemplified by its use of modern materials, popular imagery, and absurdist contrast. It was a reaction to the personal emotionalism of Abstract Expressionism and, taking a lead from the practice of Marcel Duchamp and Kurt Schwitters, denied traditional concepts of aesthetics. Interest in Dada followed in the wake of documentary publications, such as Robert Motherwell's "The Dada Painters and Poets" (1951) and German language publications from 1957 and later, to which some
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Décollage


In effect his decollage destroys the advertisement, but leaves its remnants on view for the public to contemplate. Often these artists worked collaboratively and it was their intention to present their artworks in the city of Paris anonymously. These four artists were part of a larger group in the 1960s called Nouveau Réalisme (New realism), Paris' answer to the American Pop Art movement. This was a mostly Paris-based group (which included Yves Klein, Christo and Burhan Dogancay and was created with the help of critic Pierre Restany)
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Zoia Skoropadenko


Zoia Skoropadenko is a Ukrainian contemporary mixed-media artist, based in Monaco, known for her paintings, sculptures and sketching, and for being wrongfully suspected as a spy... She counts Michelangelo, Magritte, Corot, Matisse and Petrov Vodkin as some of her artistic influences and is inspired by the Nouveau réalisme movement. She was one of the pioneers of the 'Flash Exhibition' and is a UNESCO recognized artist. She is the creator and owner of micro-gallery La Vitrine in Palais de La Scala in Monaco – an
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Ultra-Lettrist


The Ultra-Lettrist movement was an art form developed by Jean-Louis Brau, Gil J Wolman, and François Dufrêne, in the 1950s, when they split from Isidore Isou's Lettrism. They issued a periodical called "grammeS: Review of the Ultra-Lettriste Group", which ran for seven issues between 1957 and 1961. They used their journal to publish hypergraphics which included exchanges and discussions with the Lettrists' "Poésie Nouvelle" and the Situationist International. Some Ultra-Lettrists went on to form the Nouveau réalisme
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Raymond Hains


at the Apollinaire Gallery in Milan, the critic Pierre Restany coined the term Nouveau réalisme. Later that year, on 27 October 1960 by at the home of Yves Klein, artists from this exhibition, including Arman, Dufrêne, Hains, Klein, Raysse, Restany, Spoerri, Tinguely and Villeglé signed a New Realism manifesto. The New Realists thus recognized their "collective singularity." An inaugural exhibition entitled "40° above Dada (40° au-dessus de Dada)" was held at the J Gallery run by
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Marinus Boezem


in The Hague. At the Academie, his interests lay mostly in works on the flat surface. In the 1950s, he worked as a drawer and painter. In the 1960s, his work became more spatial. He started to work on non-material works, sculptures, spatial objects and works in public space and he became known and respected by a growing public. Boezems work is unmistakably rooted in the 1960s, when Nouveau Réalisme in Europe and Pop Art in America had a great influence on many artists. Like the
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Daniel Spoerri


in fact the volume of the book by almost a third by adding his own poetic annotations. In 1990, the original French version was reprinted by the Centre Pompidou in Paris, and in 1995, an expanded English version was published by the Atlas Press in London, with additional material and annotations, and all of Dieter Roth's texts. Spoerri was one of the original signers of the manifesto creating the Nouveau réalisme (New Realism) art movement, an avant garde endeavor begun in 1960. His use of everyday life as
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Marcel Duchamp


movements, and groups including surrealism, Nouveau réalisme, pop art, and Fluxus. Dada is the groundwork to abstract art and sound poetry, a starting point for performance art, a prelude to postmodernism, an influence on pop art, a celebration of antiart to be later embraced for anarcho-political uses in the 1960s and the movement that lay the foundation for Surrealism. New York Dada had a less serious tone than that of European Dadaism, and was not a particularly organized venture. Duchamp's friend Francis Picabia connected with
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Allen Jones (artist)


"fused male/female couples as metaphors of the creative act," draws from both Freud and Nietzsche. In 1963, Jones was awarded the Prix des Jeunes Artistes at the Paris Biennale. The following year, Jones and other "Nouveau réalisme" and pop artists such as Peter Phillips and Pauline Boty were featured in documentaries by Belgian director Jean Antoine, Evelyne Axell's husband. Intrigued by the "toughness" of American pop art, Jones moved to Manhattan in 1964 and took a studio at the Chelsea Hotel. In
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French sculpture


as a work of art. It was reluctantly accepted by the show organizers, since any sculptor who paid the fee could show his work, but it was never put on display, and created an enormous scandal in the art world, as Duchamp intended. Gaston Lachaise also seemed to mock the traditions of classical sculpture, by his inflated nudes. César Baldaccini (1921-1998) was a notable figure of French sculpture in the second half of the 20th century. César was at the forefront of the Nouveau Réalisme movement with
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Jean Tinguely


century and was one of the artists who signed the New Realist's manifesto ("Nouveau réalisme") in 1960. His best-known work, a self-destroying sculpture titled "Homage to New York" (1960), only partially self-destructed at the Museum of Modern Art, New York City, although his later work, "Study for an End of the World No. 2" (1962), detonated successfully in front of an audience gathered in the desert outside Las Vegas. Tinguely married fellow
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Bruno Bischofberger


showed artists of the "Nouveau Réalisme." Later Bischofberger publishes Jean Tinguely's "Catalogue Raisonné". In the 70s follow a series of one-man exhibitions and installations of Minimal and Conceptual artists. Works by modern classics are added to the gallery‘s program. In the 1980s, Bischofberger's gallery became known for showing works from the Italian, German, and American "Neo-Expressionist" painters. During this time he would fly from Zurich to New York on the Concorde twice a month to visit galleries and artist's
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Benjamin H. D. Buchloh


2009, Benjamin Buchloh resided at the American Academy in Berlin as a "Daimler Fellow". Buchloh is currently also a co-editor of the art journal "October" and working on a monograph of Gerhard Richter titled "Gerhard Richter: Painting After the Subject of History." His book, "Neo-Avantgarde and Culture Industry" (2000), is a collection of eighteen essays on major figures of postwar art written since the late 1970s. It covers Nouveau Réalisme in France (Arman, Yves Klein, Jacques
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Yves Klein


Yves Klein (; 28 April 1928 – 6 June 1962) was a French artist and an important figure in post-war European art. He was a leading member of the French artistic movement of Nouveau réalisme founded in 1960 by art critic Pierre Restany. Klein was a pioneer in the development of performance art, and is seen as an inspiration to and as a forerunner of minimal art, as well as pop art. Klein was born in Nice, in the Alpes-Maritimes department of France. His parents, Fred Klein
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Fluxus


by some with proposing the idea for Fountain to Duchamp. By 1916 these artists, especially Duchamp, Man Ray, and Picabia, became the center for radical anti-art activities in New York City. Their artworks would inform Fluxus and conceptual art in general. In the late 1950s and very early 1960s, Fluxus and contemporaneous groups or movements, including Happenings, Nouveau réalisme, mail art, and action art in Japan, Austria, and other international locations were, often placed under the rubric of Neo-Dada".
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Anti-art


it inspired, such as Neo-Dada, Nouveau réalisme, and Fluxus, is considered anti-art. Dadaists rejected cultural and intellectual conformity in art and more broadly in society. For everything that art stood for, Dada was to represent the opposite. Where art was concerned with traditional aesthetics, Dada ignored aesthetics completely. If art was to appeal to sensibilities, Dada was intended to offend. Through their rejection of traditional culture and aesthetics the Dadaists hoped to destroy traditional culture and aesthetics. Because they were more politicized,
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Nouveau réalisme


Martial Raysse, Pierre Restany, Daniel Spoerri, Jean Tinguely and the Ultra-Lettrists, Francois Dufrêne, Raymond Hains, Jacques de la Villeglé; in 1961 these were joined by César, Mimmo Rotella, then Niki de Saint Phalle and Gérard Deschamps. The artist Christo showed with the group. It was dissolved in 1970. Contemporary of American pop art, and often conceived as its transposition in France, new realism was, along with Fluxus and other groups, one of the numerous tendencies of the avant-garde in the
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Dada


-Loringhoven among others. The movement influenced later styles like the avant-garde and downtown music movements, and groups including Surrealism, "nouveau réalisme", pop art and Fluxus. Dada was an informal international movement, with participants in Europe and North America. The beginnings of Dada correspond to the outbreak of World War I. For many participants, the movement was a protest against the bourgeois nationalist and colonialist interests, which many Dadaists believed were the root cause of the war, and against the cultural and intellectual conformity—in
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Zero (art)


Bernard Aubertin), Italy (Lucio Fontana, Piero Manzoni, Belgium (Pol Bury), and Switzerland (Christian Megert). Many of the ZERO artists are better known for their affiliations with other movements, including Nouveau réalisme, Arte Povera, Minimalism, Op Art, Land Art and Kinetic art. Artists Pol Bury, Paul van Hoeydonck, Jean Tinguely, and Daniel Spoerri organized "Motion in Vision – Vision in Motion", an exhibition at Hessenhuis in Antwerpen in 1959 that for the first time gave ZERO an international
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César Baldaccini


César (born Cesare Baldaccini, 1 January 1921 – 6 December 1998), also occasionally referred to as César Baldaccini, was a noted French sculptor. César was at the forefront of the Nouveau Réalisme movement with his radical compressions (compacted automobiles, discarded metal, or rubbish), expansions (polyurethane foam sculptures), and fantastic representations of animals and insects. He was a French sculptor, born in 1921 of Italian parents from Tuscany in the working-class neighbourhood of la Belle-de-Mai in Marseilles. His
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Georges Mathieu


perceptible reality by geometric abstraction, art experiences the liberation of the all its past references from nature. From his reflexion he develops his own expression of a lyrical abstraction : "Henceforth in the history of shapes as in the history of the world, the sign precedes its meaning". Thus, Mathieu considered later art movements as Dadaism, Nouveau réalisme, Arte Povera as a relapse, because they appeal to representations of visible real. In addition, he criticized them for their so-called nihilist dimension, as their interpretation does
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Ben Vautier


Ben Vautier (born on July 18, 1935 in Naples, Italy), also known simply as Ben, is a French artist. Vautier lives and works in Nice, where he ran a record shop called "Magazin" between 1958 and 1973. He discovered Yves Klein and the Nouveau Réalisme in the 1950s, but he became quickly interested in the French dada artist Marcel Duchamp, the music of John Cage and joined the Fluxus artistic movement in Octobre 1962. In 1959, Vautier founded the journal "Ben Dieu".
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Alberto Burri


Alberto Burri (12 March 1915 – 13 February 1995), ; was an Italian painter, sculptor and physician. He is one of the most important post-war italian artists of Contemporary art and artistic movements like Neo-Dada, Nouveau réalisme, postminimalism and Arte Povera. In one of his very rare statements, Burri claimed that the critics' words, as well as his own, were of no use in offering a description of his artworks, affirming that its only real key strength was the formal balance that poor
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Alberto Burri


such artistic movements as Arte Povera, Neo-Dada, Nouveau réalisme, Postminimalism and process art, leaving open many critical interpretations and methodological interpretations of his work. In his 1963 monograph, Cesare Brandi highlighted the essentialness of Burri’s painting and his rejection of both decorative detail and the historical avant-gardes’ (e.g. Futurism) provocations, favoring a new approach through an ‘unpainted painting’ concept. On the other hand, Enrico Crispolti interpreted Burri's employment of material from an existential point of view - as James Johnson
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Mimmo Rotella


Domenico "Mimmo" Rotella (Catanzaro, 7 October 1918 – Milan, 8 January 2006) was an Italian artist considered an important figure in post-war European art. Best known for his works of décollage and psychogeographics, made from torn advertising posters. He was associated to the Ultra-Lettrists an offshoot of Lettrism and later was a member of the "Nouveau Réalisme", founded in 1960 by the art critic Pierre Restany. After finishing school studies he moves to Naples in 1933 to pursue his artistic studies, but
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Arman


Clert in Paris with garbage, creating "Le Plein" ("Full Up") as a counterpoint of the exhibition called "Le Vide" at the same gallery two years earlier by his friend Yves Klein. These works began to garner the attention of the European art community. In October 1960, Arman, Yves Klein, François Dufrêne, Raymond Hains, Martial Raysse, Daniel Spoerri, Jean Tinguely and Jacques Villeglé, and art critic and philosopher Pierre Restany founded the Nouveau réalisme group. Joined later by Cesar, Mimmo
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20th-century French art


of media in what he called "Art Brut" (see Outsider art). Meanwhile, François Fiedler went searching for the perfect combination of color and texture amongst the multitudinous layers of paint that found its way onto his canvas. In 1960, Pierre Restany and Yves Klein founded the New Realism movement (in French: "Nouveau Réalisme"), and a joint declaration was signed on October 27, 1960, by nine people: Yves Klein, Arman, , Raymond Hains, Martial Raysse, Pierre Restany, Daniel Spoerri
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Norbert Kricke


Norbert Kricke (30 November 1922 – 28 June 1984) was a German sculptor. Born in Düsseldorf, Kricke was a student of Richard Scheibe and Hans Uhlmann at the Hochschule für Bildende Künste in Berlin. He started creating abstract sculptures from 1947, using wires and other materials associated with industry, such as steel, glass and concrete. He was one of the most important artists in the group known as L'Art Informel, and had close links with ZERO and Nouveau Réalisme. From 1959 he worked with Yves Klein and , and
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Mary Bauermeister


Mary Hilde Ruth Bauermeister (born 7 September 1934) is a German artist who works in sculpture, drawing, installation, performance, and music. Influenced by Fluxus artists and Nouveau Réalisme, her work addresses esoteric issues of how information is transferable through society. "I only followed an inner drive to express what was not yet there, in reality or thought," she said of her practice. "To make art was more a finding, searching process than a knowing." Since the 1970s, the artist's work
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Nicola L


Nicola L. (1937 – December 31, 2018) was a multidisciplinary artist known for her personified, functional and playful sculptures. Her work often has an explicitly feminist aim, exploring domesticity and the objectification of bodies. Borrowing from both pop art and the Parisian Nouveau Réalisme movements, she worked in sculpture, performance, video, and design. L. was born in Mazagan, Morocco. In the 1960s and 1970s she traveled and worked in Paris, Ibiza, and New York City. In 1979, she moved into the Hotel
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Sacha Sosno


Alexandre Joseph Sosnowsky (1937 – 3 December 2013), better known by the name Sacha Sosno, was an internationally renowned French sculptor and painter. Working most of the time in Nice, in his last decades Sosno achieved international recognition for his monumental outdoor sculptures in Côte d'Azur, France. Along with: Yves Klein, Arman and Cesar he was part of the New Realist (Nouveau réalisme) movement . Sosno had a singular artistic approach: the concept of obliteration. His sculptures are masked by empty or full space, inviting
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Yves Klein


public exhibition at the Club Solitaire, founded the Nouveau Réalisme group in Klein's apartment on 27 October 1960. Founding members were Arman, Francois Dufrêne, Raymond Hains, Yves Klein, Martial Raysse, Daniel Spoerri, Jean Tinguely, and Jacques Villeglé, with Niki de Saint Phalle, Christo and Gérard Deschamps joining later. Normally seen as a French version of Pop Art, the aim of the group was stated as 'New Realism=New Perceptual Approaches To The Real'. A large retrospective was held at Krefeld, Germany
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Yves Klein


Cannes Film Festival on 11 May 1962. Two more heart attacks followed, the second of which killed him on 6 June 1962. His son, , was born on 6 August in Nice. Yves Amu studied architecture, design, cybernetics theory of systems, and Fine Arts sculpture. He went on to create robotized sculptures. Rotraut Klein married the photographer and designer Daniel Moquay, and has homes in Paris; Phoenix, Arizona; and Sydney, Australia. Unaware of the importance of the Nouveau Réalisme movement until the 1990s,
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Gunter Sachs


Lichtenstein, Tom Wesselmann, Mel Ramos, and Allen Jones. He also owned important pieces from the Nouveau réalisme school including Yves Klein, Jean Tinguely, Arman, and Martial Raysse. Many of these artists were involved in the 1969 design of the legendary pop-art-apartment in the tower of the Palace Hotel in St. Moritz, which quickly gained the art world's attention. From 1967 to 1975 Sachs, together with Prince Konstantin of Bavaria, co-founded and headed the association for the Modern Art Museum in Munich
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Noise music


, Pierre Henry, Iannis Xenakis, La Monte Young, and David Tudor, composed significant electronic, vocal, and instrumental works, sometimes using found sounds. In late 1947, Antonin Artaud recorded ' ("To Have Done with the Judgment of God"), an audio piece full of the seemingly random cacophony of xylophonic sounds mixed with various percussive elements, mixed with the noise of alarming human cries, screams, grunts, onomatopoeia, and glossolalia. In 1949, Nouveau Réalisme artist Yves Klein wrote "The Monotone Symphony
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Nouveau réalisme


1960s. The group initially chose Nice, on the French Riviera, as its home base since Klein and Arman both originated there; new realism is thus often retrospectively considered by historians to be an early representative of the movement. The term "new realism" was first used in May 1960 by Pierre Restany, to describe the works of Omiros, Arman, François Dufrêne, Raymond Hains, Yves Klein, Jean Tinguely and Jacques Villeglé as they exhibited their work in Milan. He had discussed this term before with Yves Klein (
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Mario Schifano


Mario Schifano (20 September 1934, Khoms, Libya – 26 January 1998, Rome, Italy) was an Italian painter and collagist of the Postmodern tradition. He also achieved some renown as a film-maker and rock musician. He is considered to be one of the most significant and pre-eminent artists of Italian postmodernism. His work was exhibited in the famous 1962 "New Realists" show at the Sidney Janis Gallery with other young Pop art and Nouveau réalisme luminaries, including Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein. He became
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Sidney Janis


Abstract Expressionists, Janis become the first blue chip gallery to show Pop art. In the fall of 1962 he organized the groundbreaking exhibition, the "International Exhibition of the New Realists", a survey of contemporary Pop art and the seemingly related Nouveau Réalisme movement. The exhibition was located in a temporary rented storefront at 19 W. 57th Street. Robert Motherwell, Mark Rothko, Phillip Guston and Adolph Gottlieb left the gallery as a protest. The Sidney Janis Gallery soon became a leading exhibitor and dealer in Pop art, representing Claes
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Lothar Wolleh


systematically portray more than one hundred international well known painters, sculptors, and Actionists. From the 1970s Wolleh hardly worked as a commercial photographer and devoted himself almost exclusively to his series of artist portraits, in which he first photographed the well-known artists of the Düsseldorf scene, including Heinz Mack, Otto Piene, Joseph Beuys and Gerhard Richter. Soon, however, his project expanded beyond the borders of the Rhineland to the whole of Europe, focusing on the Zero (art) group or the Nouveau Réalisme with its members
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Zaum


use of Zaum peaked from 1916 to 1920 during World War I. At this time, Zaumism took root as a movement primarily involved in visual arts, literature, poetry, art manifestoes, art theory, theatre, and graphic design, and concentrated its anti war politic through a rejection of the prevailing standards in art through anti-art cultural works. Zaum activities included public gatherings, demonstrations, and publications. The movement influenced later styles, Avant-garde and downtown music movements, and groups including surrealism, nouveau réalisme, Pop
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Giovanni Valentini (artist)


and Bruno Munari, who are stroke by his innovative ideas and they convinced him to move to Milan. In the same years he started a good relationship with Pedro Fiori and Domenico Cara. In the later years he met Giulio Carlo Argan, Carmelo Strano, Luciano Inga Pin and Pierre Restany, who esteemed his work and who invited him to participate to the 10th anniversary of Nouveau Réalisme in 1970, in Milan. For the event Valentini realized a work in honour of Yves Klein. He made scientific and interdisciplinary studies knowing several
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ZERO foundation


the stars, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands; in cooperation with the ZERO foundation Exhibition: ZERO, Sakip Sabanci Museum, Istanbul, Turkey; curated by the ZERO foundation 2016 Exhibition: ZERO und Nouveau Réalisme. Die Befragung der Wirklichkeit, Stiftung Ahlers Pro Arte, Hannover; curated by the ZERO foundation Exhibition: ZERO group: Günther Uecker, Heinz Mack, Otto Piene, Multi Media Museum, Moscow, Russia; organised by the ZERO foundation Exhibition: ZERO ist gut für Dich, LVR LandesMuseum Bonn; organised by the
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François Dufrene


found the art group known as Nouveau réalisme. He is considered one of the important artists in that Neo-Dada art movement. Dufrene earned fame for his performances called "Crirythmes", which was in a vocal style of sound art different from those of his contemporaries. The "Crirythme" work inspired generations of experimental poets, such as Henri Chopin, Bernard Heidsieck, Ake Hodell, Charles Amirkhanian, Bob Cobbing, Gregory Whitehead, bpNichol, Tracie Morris, Clive Fencott, Ada Verdun Howell, Mitch Corber and Jaap Blonk
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Jacques Villeglé


Jacques Villeglé, born Jacques Mahé de la Villeglé (born 27 March 1926, Quimper, Brittany) is a French mixed-media artist and affichiste famous for his alphabet with symbolic letters and decollage with ripped or lacerated posters. He is a member of the Nouveau Réalisme art group (1960–1970). His work has primarily focused on the anonymous and on the marginal remains of civilization. Villeglé first started producing art in 1947 in Saint-Malo by collecting found objects (steel wires, bricks from Saint-Malo's Atlantic retaining
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Mary Bauermeister


has two younger daughters, Sophie (born July 1972, father David Johnson) and Esther (born 1974, father Josef Halevi). Drawn by the vitality of the Pop Art movement, in October 1962 Bauermeister relocated to New York City. In the artistic circles of Pop Art, Nouveau Réalisme and Fluxus, she maintained friendships with Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, Niki de Saint Phalle and Jean Tinguely. In New York Bauermeister enjoyed considerable artistic success. Since 1964 she has exhibited regularly at the Galeria Bonino on 57th Street.
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Wanda Pimentel


was well known for his geometric abstraction. Under his influence, Pimentel inherited her plain constructivist spatial organization as well as her constant use of precise and straight lines in her artworks. Her smooth brushwork was inherited from the new figuration period. During the 1960s, she diverged from abstract art and experimented with different styles, such as pop art in the United States and England, nouveau réalisme in France, and new figuration and New Objectivity in Brazil. Medium: Vinyl paint on canvas Dimensions: 115.2 X 88.9 CM Wanda Pimentel primarily
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Evelyne Axell


Beaux-Arts de Belgique, Brusselsbr « Pop Art—Nouveau Réalisme—Néo Dada et tendances apparentées », Casino Knokkebr « Le plastique et l’art contemporain », Grand Palais, porte de Versailles, Parisbr « Belgische Kunst 1960-1970 », Kunstverein, Kölnbr « Multiples », Galerie Rive gauche, Brussels 1971br Prix International, Knokkebr Winter Art Show, Brusselsbr Galerie Klang, Kölnbr Tweede Triënnale, Brugesbr Galerie Richard Foncke, Ghentbr “D’aprés—Omaggi e dissacrazioni nell’arte contemporanea », Lugano, Switzerland 1972br « La Vénus de
3208604
Musée National d'Art Moderne


, Man Ray, Alberto Giacometti, René Iché, Nicolas de Staël, André Masson, Yves Tanguy, Jean Tinguely, Simon Hantaï, Yves Klein, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman, Willem de Kooning, and Francis Bacon. Pop Art, Nouveau Réalisme, Conceptual art and other tendencies or groups are represented with works by Andy Warhol, Richard Hamilton, Rauschenberg, Dan Flavin, Eduardo Arroyo, Dan Graham, Daniel Buren, George Brecht, Arman, César, Bill Viola, Anish Kapoor, Wim Delvoye,
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Musée d'Art Moderne de Céret


Le Musée d'Art Moderne de Céret is a modern art museum in Céret, Pyrénées-Orientales, France, created by Pierre Brune and Frank Burty Haviland in 1950 with the personal support of their friends Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse who were involved in its creation. The Musée d’art moderne houses a permanent collection of both internationally famous and local artists, including 78 pieces by Pablo Picasso – 57 of which were gifts from the artist himself. From Cubism to the School of Paris, from Nouveau réalisme to Supports/Surfaces, the collections
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David De Buck


David De Buck (born March 14, 1979 in Ghent, Belgium) is a gallerist and art dealer and owner of De Buck Gallery in New York City. The former Swiss banker moved to New York City in 2008 to establish De Buck Gallery. Due to his parents’ involvement in the contemporary art world, De Buck grew up personally knowing many top European artists, especially those belonging to the Nouveau réalisme movement, including Christo, Niki de Saint Phalle, Arman and César. This early exposure definitely had a significant impact
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Art Nouveau


Joseph Maria Olbrich, one of the Vienna Secession founders. Other notable artists of the colony were Peter Behrens and Hans Christiansen. Ernest Ludwig also commissioned to rebuild Bad Nauheim spa complex at the beginning of XX century. A completely new complex was constructed in 1905-1911 under the inspection of and attained one of the main objectives of Jugendstil: a synthesis of all the arts . Today Darmstadt and Bad Nauheim are members of two Art Nouveau associations: Réseau Art Nouveau Network and Art Nouveau European Route. Another member of the reigning
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Louise De Hem


at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. In 1900, she was the only Belgian painter to exhibit at the Women's Exhibition in London and in 1902 she became a member of the Women's International Art Club. In 1904, she won a gold medal in Paris for her painting "De Japanse Pop" (The Japanese Doll). After Ceriez died on 2 Sep 1904 de Hem moved to Vorst (near Brussels) with her mother and her sister, where they lived in an Art Nouveau house
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Art Nouveau architecture in Russia


the founder of the Darmstadt Artists' Colony, whose Ludwig Habich House was an inspiration for (1900-1903). Along with that building his masterpieces in Moscow include: Another outstanding example of Neo-Russian/Art Nouveau building in Moscow is Pertsova House (also known as Pertsov House), built 1905-1907 after a project of Sergey Malyutin, an artist of Mir iskusstva movement. Though Lev Kekushev's Nosov House was influenced by Franco-Belgian Art Nouveau and American cottages, it is built of wood, that
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Nouveau Riche (college)


Those students who were enrolled with the Regents tuition (98 percent of all students) could repeat classes for an additional year and have access to streaming video classrooms for select courses at no additional charge. Nouveau Riche was founded by Jim Piccolo and Mary Piccolo in 2000 with the inception of the company’s educational programs occurring in 2002 through collaborative efforts with co-founder Bob Snyder. In December 2002, the corporate headquarters were established in Scottsdale, Arizona. Nouveau Riche once had plans to construct a campus facility on a site overlooking
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Jon Claerbout


of earthquake seismic data frustrating and decided to study atmospheric gravity waves during his PhD. His advisor was Theodore R. Madden and the title of his thesis was "Electromagnetic Effects of Atmospheric Gravity Waves". Claerbout is the founder of the Stanford Exploration Project (SEP), the first geophysical research consortium funded by the oil and gas industry. Claerbout has been a doctoral advisor to many of influential geophysicists who joined SEP such as Oz Yilmaz and Biondo Biondi. The term and concept of exploding reflectors in reflection seismology is often attributed to Jon
21388936
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
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Nouveau Cirque


The Nouveau Cirque ("New Circus") was a circus located in Paris at 251 Rue Saint-Honoré. It was inaugurated on February 12, 1886 and closed on April 18, 1926 and was demolished. It was owned by Joseph Oller, co-founder of the famous Moulin Rouge. It was an upscale establishment; patrons were required to wear formal attire. It was one of the few buildings in Paris at the time to be completely lit by electric lights. The arena could be lowered by a hydraulic system
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Lorraine Pintal


Lorraine Pintal (born September 24, 1951) is a Québecois actor, director, producer and playwright. The daughter of Jean Pintal and Anne-Marie Bélanger, she was born in Plessisville and studied at the and the Conservatoire d'art dramatique de Montréal. She debuted with the Théâtre du Nouveau Monde in 1973 in "Mistero Buffo". In the same year, she was a co-founder of the Théâtre de La Rallonge. Pintal directed a number of works for the Théâtre du Nouveau Monde as well as for the ,
22150515
September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
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Bad Wildungen


planned by Count Josias II in 1660 and completed between 1707 and 1714 by Prince Friedrich Anton Ulrich zu Waldeck. In the centre stands a late Gothic Evangelical town church from the 14th century. Inside is a winged altarpiece by Konrad von Soest (with Germany's oldest depiction of eyeglasses). Furthermore, standing in the town centre and along the Brunnenallee are many villas from the founders' times. The "Fürstenhof", an Art Nouveau building like a stately home, once a hotel (the biggest Art Nouveau building in Europe
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Nouveau Calls


Nouveau Calls is the 14th album by rock band Wishbone Ash. It is an all-instrumental album and is the first in 14 years to feature the original line-up of the band. In 1987, IRS Records founder and original Wishbone manager Miles Copeland III began a record label entitled "No Speak," which featured all instrumental music. To launch the label successfully, Copeland needed a big name band that would bring publicity to the project. Copeland approached Andy Powell and Steve Upton about having Wishbone Ash release an all
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Van Briggle Pottery


Van Briggle Art Pottery was at the time of its demise the oldest continuously operating art pottery in the United States, having been established in Colorado Springs, Colorado in 1901 by Artus and Anne Van Briggle. Artus had a significant impact on the Art Nouveau movement in the United States, and his pottery is foundational to American Art Pottery. The Art Nouveau style favored by its founders continues to influence the pottery's designs. Artus Van Briggle settled in Colorado Springs in 1899 after establishing himself as a notable artist with the Rookwood Pottery
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Kaltix


make Google's search engine as much as 5 times faster and was said, by its founders, to offer a way to compute search results nearly 1,000 times faster than what was possible using current methods in 2003. Kaltix is based on the work of Sep Kamvar, Taher Haveliwala and Glen Jeh when they were members of the PageRank Project at Stanford University as graduate students in 2002-03. Their purpose was to advance the PageRank algorithm developed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, the co-founders of Google. Their efforts
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The Beeps


Sapphire Stream S2/Ep45 Apr. 29 Wash Those Socks! S2/Ep46 Dec. 12 The Bumps SEASON 3: S3/Ep1 Aug. 30 Up Down Hill S3/Ep2 Aug. 31 Caravan S3/Ep3 Sep. 6 Secret Garden S3/Ep4 Sep. 7 Bounceflower Tea S3/Ep5 Sep. 13 The Whale S3/Ep6 Sep. 14 Soggy Sockroaches S3/Ep7 Sep. 20 Stinkroots S3/Ep8 Sep. 21 Sing-a-long-a-beeps S3/Ep9 Sep. 27 History Book S3/Ep10 Sep. 28 What Goes Splat? S3
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Signal Transfer Point


. SEPs send signaling messages to other SEPs, but the messages are normally routed via the SEP's adjacent STPs. An STP's main function is to identify the best path for two SEPs to communicate. A typical application would be for two SEPs to agree on the use of a shared data path (e.g., using ISUP to initiate a voice call between a user on one SEP and a user on the second SEP). In this way, STPs route signaling messages (for starting, maintaining or finishing any kind of
21819468
Signal Transfer Point


calls originated by the SEPs' attached users) while avoiding disabled intermediary STPs. A signaling message typically never goes directly from a given SEP to the destination SEP: the message would normally have to pass through the initiating SEP's adjacent STP so that it can be routed to the destination SEP. In some applications, however, SEPs might be directly connected with signaling links; this would typically be done to enhance robustness or performance between two critical SEPs. Such mesh network configurations are also common in Europe, where STPs have not
21819469
The Beeps


/Ep20 Sep. 19 Bouncy Bouncy Beep Beep S2/Ep21 Sep. 19 Big Beepday Bash S2/Ep22 Sep. 20 Yuk Says No S2/Ep23 Sep. 24 Wheely Helpful S2/Ep24 Sep. 25 Teeny Beep Takes Off S2/Ep25 Sep. 26 Carnival S2/Ep26 Sep. 27 Peas and Beeps S2/Ep27 Apr. 25 Stuck on You! S2/Ep28 Dec. 9 Hole Lot of Trouble S2/Ep29 Dec. 15 A Little Adventure S2/Ep30 Dec. 16 The Lost Houses S2/Ep31 May 1 Bounceberry Pie S2/Ep32 Dec. 23
14688025
Dream Rockwell


: Unleash Your Legend, YES AND...!, The Human Uplevel, Rise of the Feminine, Grace of Venus (her forthcoming book for young women) and Unraveling the Universe ~ Keys and Codes to the Matrix Rockwell is a co-founder of The Do Lab, an event production company responsible for the premier transformational music festival "Lightning in a Bottle. Rockwell is the founder and director of Lucent Dossier Experience, a "high-concept, steampunk-meets-neotribal", nouveau cirque circus troupe. As a
7180276
Caddyshack


-founders. Danny tries to gain favor with Judge Elihu Smails, the country club's stodgy co-founder and director of the caddie scholarship program, by caddying for him. Meanwhile, Carl Spackler, a somewhat-unhinged groundskeeper, hunts a gopher that is damaging the course. He tries to kill it with a rifle and high-pressure hose, without success. Al Czervik, a brash and obnoxious "nouveau riche" golfer, begins appearing at the club. Czervik heckles Smails as he tees off, causing his
3840677
Richard Riemerschmid


Richard Riemerschmid (20 June 1868 – 13 April 1957) was a German architect, painter, designer and city planner from Munich. He was a major figure in "Jugendstil", the German form of Art Nouveau, and a founder of architecture in the style. A founder member of both the "Vereinigte Werkstätte für Kunst im Handwerk" (United Workshops for Art in Handcrafts) and the Deutscher Werkbund and the director of art and design institutions in Munich and Cologne, he prized craftsmanship but also pioneered machine production of
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Rita (2009 Italian film)


- Artistic Direction 9th Concorto Film Festival | 2010 22 Aug – 29 Aug | Italy Special Jury Mention 8th Imaginaria Film Festival | 2010 24 Aug – 29 Aug | Italy Jury Mention 16th Aye Aye Film Festival Nancy-Lorraine | 2010 3 Sep – 11 Sep | France Best Sound 3rd Festival Internacional Curtametraxes Bueu | 2010 Bueu International Shortfilm Festival 6 Sep – 11 Sep | Spain Best Short Fiction Film 17th Altin Koza Film Festival | 2010 Golden Boll Film Festival 20 Sep – 26 Sep | Turkey Special Jury Mention 7th Filmfest Eberswalde |
3077820
Somatosensory evoked potential


Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP or SSEP) is the electrical activity of the brain that results from the stimulation of touch. SEP tests measure that activity and are a useful, noninvasive means of assessing somatosensory system functioning. By combining SEP recordings at different levels of the somatosensory pathways, it is possible to assess the transmission of the afferent volley from the periphery up to the cortex. SEP components include a series of positive and negative deflections that can be elicited by virtually any sensory stimuli. For example, SEPs can be obtained in
10173551
SEP-IRA


deducted from the net profit. The result is then multiplied by 20% to arrive at the maximum SEP deduction, $9,293. SEP contributions and earnings are held in SEP-IRAs and can be withdrawn at any time, subject to the general limitations imposed on Traditional IRA. A withdrawal is taxable in the year received. If a participant makes a withdrawal before age 59½, generally a 10% additional tax applies. SEP contributions and earnings may be rolled over tax-free to other Individual retirement account and retirement plans.
13754349
List of Jeeves characters


In the same novel, Bertie mentions that Seppings is fond of dances, and Bertie later has trouble getting his attention while Seppings is engrossed in dancing. Seppings makes a brief appearance in "The Code of the Woosters", working at the Travers family's town house. In "Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit", Seppings discovers a missing pearl necklace in Jeeves's room, and draws this to Jeeves's attention before reporting it to anyone else. After he does report this, both Seppings and Aunt Dahlia are offended when
19756882
Paraguay national rugby union team


- 13 Paraguay 19 AGO 1991 Chile 25 - 18 Paraguay 07 SEP 1991 Brasil 6 - 33 Paraguay 28 SEP 1991 Paraguay 10 - 37 Argentina 4th place Sudamericano 1993 5 Naciones 28 SEP 1993 Chile 24 - 25 Paraguay 02 OCT 1993 Paraguay 3 - 67 Uruguay 10 OCT 1993 Paraguay 49 - 21 Brasil 16 OCT 1993 Argentina 51 - 3 Paraguay 3rd place Sudamericano 1995 4 Naciones 22 SEP 1995 Paraguay 14 - 24 Chile 24 SEP 1995 Paraguay 9 - 103 Argentina 30 SEP 1995 Uruguay 48 - 12 Paraguay 4th place Sudamericano 1997 4
13011259
SEP-IRA


A Simplified Employee Pension Individual Retirement Arrangement (SEP IRA) is a variation of the Individual Retirement Account used in the United States. SEP IRAs are adopted by business owners to provide retirement benefits for themselves and their employees. There are no significant administration costs for a self-employed person with no employees. If the self-employed person does have employees, all employees must receive the same benefits under a SEP plan. Since SEP IRAs are a type of IRA, funds can be invested the same way as most other IRAs
13754341
Hussainiwala


,Sep Baban Falke, Sep Vasu Naik, Sep Raghunath Chalke, Sep Shankar Bhosale and Sep Mahadeo Paste. The battalion lives true to its motto, Kartavya Maan Sahas meaning 'Duty, Honour and Courage'. It defended the Hussainiwala headworks against an attack by a full infantry brigade supported by armoured columns of the Pakistan Army. The tower on the other side of the river was captured and razed to ground. Lt KM. Palande, Lt. Feroz Doctor, Lt. S Deshpande showed great courage and ingenuity by targeting
21039686
List of Jeeves characters


the weather and Seppings's lumbago. On one occasion, Bertie calls him "Pop Seppings" in a familiar manner. He is employed alongside the supreme chef Anatole. Like many others, Seppings highly esteems Anatole's cooking. In "Right Ho, Jeeves", Bertie describes Seppings when recalling Tuppy pushing away Anatole's cooking at dinner, stating that "Seppings, Aunt Dahlia's butler, a cold, unemotional man, had gasped and practically reeled when Tuppy waved aside those "nonnettes de poulet Agnès Sorel"".
19756881
Hominy, Oklahoma


class A division. The teams most recent state title was the culmination of an undefeated season. Sep 1 vs. Cleveland W, 25-7 Sep 9 at Pawnee W, 35-0 Sep 16 at Pawhuska W, 47-9 Sep 23 at Mounds* W, 56-7 Sep 30 vs. Woodland* W, 61-0 Oct 7 at Porter* W, 70-12 Oct 14 vs. Summit Christian* W, 55-0 Oct 20 at Liberty* W, 67-8 Oct 28 vs. Kiefer
7247929
2011 Scottish Conservative Party leadership election


to the UK Conservative Party. This prompts mixed reactions from senior party figures. 4 Sep – Ruth Davidson formally announces that she will stand in the contest. 5 Sep – Murdo Fraser launches his campaign in Edinburgh. 8 Sep – Ruth Davidson launches her campaign in Edinburgh. 11 Sep – Lord Forsyth, at one point a suggested leadership candidate, declares his backing for Ruth Davidson. 23 Sep – Nominations for leadership close. Margaret Mitchell confirms she will stand in the election. 2 Oct – David Mundell MP declares his backing
10722174
Air Force Network Integration Center


1994 – 30 Jun 1996; 1 Apr 1997 – 30 Apr 1998; 1 Oct 2000 – 31 Mar 2002; 30 Apr 2002 – 30 Sep 2003; 1 Oct 2003 – 30 Sep 2004; 10 May 2005 – 30 Sep 2006; 1 Oct 2006 – 30 Sep 2008; 1 Jul 2011 – 30 Jun 2013; 1 Oct 2013 – 30 Sep 2015; 1 Jan 2016 – 31 Dec 2017. https://www.afhra.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/432147/air-force-network-integration-
13261143
2018 Nigeria Federation Cup


Katsina United Plateau United 1-1 Enyimba Round 1 [Sep 28] (moved from Sep 24) Plateau United 0-1 Katsina United J. Atete 0-5 Enyimba Final Table: Round 1 [Sep 24] Enugu Rangers 2-1 El-Kanemi Warriors Sunshine Stars 1-1 Supreme Court Round 2 [Sep 26] Sunshine Stars 1-1 El-Kanemi Warriors Supreme Court n/p Enugu Rangers Round 3 [Sep 28] Enugu Rangers 0-0 Sunshine Stars El-Kaneni Warriors 1-0
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