Amalda aureus [SEP] taxon rank
Basque prehistory


belong to the upper and final Périgordian (V and VI): Santimamiñe, Atxurra, Bolinkoba, Amalda, Aitzbitarte III, Lezia, Isturitz and Gatzarria. The final phase of Périgordian VII is only found in Amalda (Gipuzkoa). The Solutrean culture spans between around 18,000 to 15,000 BCE and only exists in the European south west, being coincident with the Last glacial maximum, a specially dry and cold period. Studies suggest that the higher regions of the western Pyrenees and massifs of the eastern Cantabrian Cordillera were only sparsely populated
1417051
Taxonomic rank


not to say that a taxon at any other rank may not be sharply defined, or that any species is guaranteed to be sharply defined. It varies from case to case. Ideally, a taxon is intended to represent a clade, that is, the phylogeny of the organisms under discussion, but this is not a requirement. A classification in which all taxa have formal ranks cannot adequately reflect knowledge about phylogeny. Since taxon names are dependent on ranks in traditional Linnaean systems of classification, taxa without ranks cannot be
17667712
Taksta


Taksta (previously CEM-102) is a front-loaded oral dosing regimen of sodium fusidate under development in the U.S. as an antibiotic for gram-positive infections including drug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Jan 2010: Taksta has completed enrollment in a Phase 2 trial (due to run until March 2010) and is preparing for Phase 3 studies in the U.S. for acute bacterial skin structure infections (being compared with Linezolid). Sep 2010: Taksta demonstrated comparable clinical success rates compared to linezolid
2158512
Form (botany)


In botanical nomenclature, a form ("forma", plural "formae") is one of the "secondary" taxonomic ranks, below that of variety, which in turn is below that of species; it is an infraspecific taxon. If more than three ranks are listed in describing a taxon, the "classification" is being specified, but only three parts make up the "name" of the taxon: a genus name, a specific epithet, and an infraspecific epithet. The abbreviation "f." or the
7125380
Infraspecific name


In botany, an infraspecific name is the scientific name for any taxon below the rank of species, i.e. an infraspecific taxon. (A "taxon", plural "taxa", is a group of organisms to be given a particular name.) The scientific names of botanical taxa are regulated by the "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants" (ICN). This specifies a 'three part name' for infraspecific taxa, plus a 'connecting term' to indicate the rank of the name
20320028
Taxon


In biology, a taxon (plural taxa; back-formation from "taxonomy") is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is not uncommon, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given
20416048
Name-bearing type


group" ranks consist of just the species and subspecies. (Note: a "species group" defined as a taxon, rather than as a category of ranks, has an unofficial rank, one of several such ranks between the subgenus and species levels sometimes used by zoologists in taxa with many species; see Taxonomic rank.) The name-bearing type of a species-group taxon (hereafter "species" for brevity) is an actual specimen or set of specimens; the "Code" recommends that great care should
5809726
Botanical nomenclature


taxon (see correct name) and if a new name may (or must) be coined. Plant taxonomy is an empirical science, a science that determines what constitutes a particular taxon (taxonomic grouping, plural: taxa): e.g. "What plants belong to this species?" and "What species belong to this genus?". The definition of the limits of a taxon is called its 'circumscription'. For a particular taxon, if two taxonomists agree exactly on its circumscription, rank and position (i.e. the
15041079
Synonym (taxonomy)


of Zoological Nomenclature", synonyms are different scientific names of the same taxonomic rank that pertain to that same taxon. For example, a particular species could, over time, have had two or more species-rank names published for it, while the same is applicable at higher ranks such as genera, families, orders, etc. In each case, the earliest published name is called the senior synonym, while the later name is the junior synonym. In the case where two names for the same taxon have been published
3098371
One Rank, One Pension


and 85 Indian Military Academy; and officers from the 14 Army Education Course; and twenty five officers and their families came from Jaipur. The movement continues to gain momentum, and perceptible increase in support and participation by former high-ranking officers of the armed forces, from Lt generals, Admirals, air marshals, Group Captains, and Colonels. Old veterans included Sep Ram Kishan, 93 years, Armoured Corp veteran of World War II; Sep Ram Bharose Yadav, 85 years, a blind veteran of 72 Medium Artillery;
8649907
PhyloCode


content of a taxon, other than the type, is not specified by the rank-based codes. In contrast, under phylogenetic nomenclature, the content of taxa are delimited using a definition that is based on phylogeny (i.e., ancestry and descent) and uses specifiers (e.g., species, specimens, apomorphies) to indicate actual organisms. The formula of the definition indicates an ancestor. The defined taxon, then, is that ancestor and all of its descendants. Thus, the content of a phylogenetically defined taxon relies on
4227015
Taxonomic rank


given names. Alternative approaches, such as using circumscriptional names, avoid this problem. There are no rules for how many species should make a genus, a family, or any other higher taxon (that is, a taxon in a category above the species level). It should be a natural group (that is, non-artificial, non-polyphyletic), as judged by a biologist, using all the information available to them. Equally ranked higher taxa in different phyla are not necessarily equivalent (e.g., it
17667713
Phylogenetic nomenclature


Phylogenetic nomenclature, often called cladistic nomenclature, is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below. This contrasts with the traditional approach, in which taxon names are defined by a "type", which can be a specimen or a taxon of lower rank, and a description in words. Phylogenetic nomenclature is currently not regulated, but the "International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature" ("PhyloCode") is intended to regulate it once it is ratified. Phylogenetic nomenclature ties names
4744909
Sarracenia rosea


this taxon in a 1993 issue of "Rhodora", the journal of the New England Botanical Club. Schnell decided to place this taxon at the rank of variety below subsp. "venosa" as "S. purpurea" var. "burkii", honoring Louis Burk as Wherry had suggested 60 years earlier. In 1999, however, botanists Robert Naczi, then a professor of biology at Northern Kentucky University, and Frederick and Roberta Case elevated the variety to species rank, naming it "Sarracenia rosea". They compiled morphological
4498748
Macrostomida


The Macrostomida are a taxon of small basal free-living flatworms (Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes), which inhabit freshwater, brackish, and marine environments. The taxon name was coined by Josef Meixner (1924). There are currently about 260 named species in this taxon. As is the case for many other taxa, the taxonomic rank of Macrostomida is not very clear. Macrostomidans are small (~0.5 to 5 mm in length), and generally highly transparent microturbellarians, usually round in cross section, and with only the largest forms
13717906
Type (biology)


specimens. The type of a genus or subgenus is a species. The type of a suprageneric taxon (e.g., family, etc.) is a genus. Names higher than superfamily rank do not have types. A "name-bearing type" is a specimen or image that "provides the objective standard of reference whereby the application of the name of a nominal taxon can be determined." Although in reality biologists may examine many specimens (when available) of a new taxon before writing an official published species description,
4362871
Correct name


there are two or more legitimate names for the same taxon (with the same circumscription, position and rank), then the correct name is the one which has priority, i.e. it was published earliest, although names may be conserved if they have been very widely used. Validly published names other than the correct name are called synonyms. Since taxonomists may disagree as to the circumscription, position or rank of a taxon, there can be more than one correct name for a particular plant. These may also be called synonyms.
19338400
Banksia aquilonia


geographically distinct from other infraspecific taxa. They also noted that there were no intermediate plants between what was then known as "B. integrifolia" var. "aquilonia" and other populations of "B. integrifolia". On this basis they would have liked to promote it to species rank, but did not because their inferred phylogeny suggested that this taxon arose from within "B. integrifolia". They were unwilling to render "B. integrifolia" paraphyletic by elevating this taxon to species rank, and they were equally unwilling to elevate all four
21331511
Drosera gigantea


geniculata", that grows to tall in black sandy soils near Perth and to its south. Jan Schlauer disagreed with Marchant and Lowrie's decision to give the new taxon a rank of subspecies and thus published a new combination of the taxon at the rank of variety in a 1996 issue of the "Carnivorous Plant Newsletter". He argued that subspecies should be reserved for those occasions where allopatric, or geographically isolated, speciation occurred and varieties are best used in cases where sympatric speciation is suspected. Others disagree with this assessment,
2758435
Anaspidea


somewhat resemble the ears of a hare. Many older textbooks and websites refer to this suborder as Anaspidea. The original author Paul Henri Fischer described the taxon Anaspidea at unspecified rank above family. In 1925 Johannes Thiele established the taxon Anaspidea as a suborder. Since the taxon Anaspidea was not based on an existing genus, this name is no longer available according to the rules of the ICZN. Anaspidea has been replaced in the new Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) by the clade Aplysiomorpha. The scientific name
4362472
Phylogenetic nomenclature


rank changed, even if it has precisely the same members (i.e. the same circumscription); and it is logically inconsistent with all taxa being monophyletic. Especially in recent decades (due to advances in phylogenetics), taxonomists have named many "nested" taxa (i.e. taxa which are contained inside other taxa). No system of nomenclature attempts to name every clade; this would be particularly difficult in traditional nomenclature since every named taxon must be given a lower rank than any named taxon in which it is nested, so the
4744916
Synonym (taxonomy)


other purposes, if a researcher is interested in consulting or compiling all currently known information regarding a taxon, some of this (including species descriptions, distribution, ecology and more) may well have been published under names now regarded as outdated (i.e., synonyms) and so it is again useful to know a list of historic synonyms which may have been used for a given current (valid) taxon name. Objective synonyms refer to taxa with the same type and same rank (more or less the same taxon, although circumscription
3098374
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
Aureus Sciences


Aureus Sciences (founded as Aureus Pharma) was a research-based company which sold software to the pharmaceutical industry for drug development. The company's range of products included therapeutic target knowledgebases, ADME-based databases and software applications. Aureus Sciences was formerly known as Aureus Pharma. In January 2013, Aureus Sciences was acquired by Elsevier. Aureus' software applications allow "in silico" prediction of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) and potential drug-drug interactions. The scientific background to Aureus' process
20278689
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
557049
Abraham Halpern


in Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve from Sep. 24, 1942 to Nov. 30, 1945 in European, North Atlantic, and Pacific theatres. Rank on discharge: Petty Officer. Served in Royal Canadian Navy, 1953-1957, as follows: Medical Officer, R.C.N. Hospital, Esquimalt, BC, July to Nov., 1953. Medical Officer, H.M.C.S. "Cayuga", Nov., 1953 to Feb., 1955 - Far East (Korea). Medical Officer, R.C.N. Hospital, Cornwallis, NS, Apr., 1955 to Sep.,
12498700
Staphylococcus aureus


recognize the new DNA as foreign, but transfer between lineages is blocked. "S. aureus" (, Greek σταφυλόκοκκος, "grape-cluster berry", Latin "aureus", "golden") is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive coccal (round) bacterium also known as "golden staph" and "oro staphira". "S. aureus" is nonmotile and does not form spores. In medical literature, the bacterium is often referred to as "S. aureus", "Staph aureus" or "Staph
642441
Staphylococcus aureus


aureus", treatment can be changed to flucloxacillin or even penicillin, as appropriate. Vancomycin-resistant "S. aureus" (VRSA) is a strain of "S. aureus" that has become resistant to the glycopeptides. The first case of vancomycin-intermediate "S. aureus" (VISA) was reported in Japan in 1996; but the first case of "S. aureus" truly resistant to glycopeptide antibiotics was only reported in 2002. Three cases of VRSA infection had been reported in the United States as of 2005. About
642487
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus


are resistant to different antibiotics. Other strains of "S. aureus " have emerged that are resistant to oxacillin, clindamycin, teicoplanin, and erythromycin. These resistant strains may or may not possess the mecA gene. "S. aureus " has also developed resistance to vancomycin (VRSA). One strain is only partially susceptible to vancomycin and is called vancomycin-intermediate "S. aureus" (VISA). GISA is a strain of resistant S. aureus and stands for glycopeptide-intermediate "S. aureus" and is less suspectible to vancomycin
18067238
Taxon


any biological domain, but traditionally it was always used for animals, whereas "Division" was traditionally often used for plants, fungi, etc. A prefix is used to indicate a ranking of lesser importance. The prefix "super-" indicates a rank above, the prefix "sub-" indicates a rank below. In zoology the prefix "infra-" indicates a rank below "sub-". For instance, among the additional ranks of class are superclass, subclass and infraclass. Rank is relative, and restricted to a particular
20416053
Validly published name


a particular taxon and rank. Nevertheless, invalid names ("nomen invalidum", "nom. inval.") are sometimes in use. This may occur when a taxonomist finds and recognises a taxon and thinks of a name, but delays publishing it in an adequate manner. A common reason for this is that a taxonomist intends to write a "magnum opus" that provides an overview of the group, rather than a series of small papers. Another reason is that the code of nomenclature changes with time, and
14663024
Aromobatidae


The Aromobatidae are a family of frogs native to Central and South America. They are sometimes referred to as cryptic forest frogs. They are the sister taxon of the Dendrobatidae, the poison dart frogs, but are not as toxic as most dendrobatids are. The Aromobatidae were separated from the Dendrobatidae only in 2006, and some sources continue to treat these frogs as part of the Dendrobatidae. However, their position as the sister taxon is well supported, and the question is primarily about whether they should be ranked as a family or
17636105
Ozimops


30. The variation to this is the loss of a tooth in mature individuals, the upper anterior premolar, at one or both sides of the jaw. The taxon was first published as subgenus of "Mormopterus" in 2014, separating Australian groups whose diversity was reviewed and described as new species. The content of the new taxon was established or formerly cryptic taxa of Indo-Papuan species and a centre of diversity at the Australian mainland. This was elevated to the rank of genus in 2015. The arrangement of the genus
2029365
Taxon


coined a century before from the Greek components "τάξις" (taxis, meaning arrangement) and "-νομία" (-nomia meaning method). For plants, it was proposed by Herman Johannes Lam in 1948, and it was adopted at the VII International Botanical Congress, held in 1950. The Glossary of the "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" (1999) defines a A taxon can be assigned a taxonomic rank, usually (but not necessarily) when it is given a formal name. "Phylum" applies formally to
20416052
Autonym (botany)


belonged to the species (and are not included in the newly described taxon) now become a new infraspecific taxon. But as neither the type nor the final epithet has changed, there is no need for a change in author citation. The same goes for a subdivision of a genus. If a botanist creates a new subdivision of a genus, for example by dividing a large genus into two or more subgenera, sections, or series, then a new subdivision of the genus at each of the new ranks will share the
20983137
Monera


Monera () (Greek - μονήρης (monḗrēs), "single", "solitary") is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic cell organization (having no nuclear membrane), such as bacteria. They are single-celled organisms with no true nuclear membrane (prokaryotic organisms). The taxon Monera was first proposed as a phylum by Ernst Haeckel in 1866. Subsequently, the phylum was elevated to the rank of kingdom in 1925 by Édouard Chatton. The last commonly accepted mega-classification with the taxon
5726713
September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
5363349
Tatuidris


of the tribe has been the focus of debate. Bolton (2003) was the first to suggest the taxonomic instability of "Tatuidris" within Myrmicinae and raised the genus to the level of a new subfamily, the Agroecomyrmecinae, suggesting that Agroecomyrmecinae might be the sister taxon to Myrmicinae. The subfamily rank was re-assessed by Baroni Urbani & de Andrade in 2007, this was the first attempt to include "Tatuidris" as a terminal taxon in a morphological cladistic analysis. In their study, Baroni Urbani & de Andrade identified
21404594
Correct name


In botany, the correct name according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) is the one and only botanical name that is to be used for a particular taxon, when that taxon has a particular circumscription, position and rank. Determining whether a name is correct is a complex procedure. The name must be validly published, a process which is defined in no less than 16 Articles of the ICN. It must also be "legitimate", which imposes some further requirements. If
19338399
Abelisauridae


. Abelisauridae is a family in rank-based Linnaean taxonomy, within the infraorder Ceratosauria and the superfamily Abelisauroidea, which also contains the family Noasauridae. It has had several definitions in phylogenetic taxonomy. It was originally defined as a node-based taxon including "Abelisaurus", "Carnotaurus", their common ancestor, and all of its descendants. Later, it was redefined as a stem-based taxon, including all animals more closely related to "Abelisaurus" (or the more complete "Carnotaurus") than to "
19559613
Gleicheniaceae


-shaped hairs. There is some dispute about ranking these ferns. They are typically placed in the order Gleicheniales. They may alternatively be considered a subclass Gleicheniatae or class Gleichenopsida, so that a distinct taxon can be established for the leptosporangiate ferns. In this case, the Gleicheniaceae are upranked to an order and receive the name Gleicheniales. Irrespective of their modern taxonomic treatment, the Gleicheniaceae were formerly included in the order Polypodiales. But the ferns in the loose sense are much too diverse a group to be shoehorned into one taxon
4344486
Taxonomic rank


by the nomenclature codes. There are seven main taxonomic ranks: kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, genus, species. In addition, "domain" (proposed by Carl Woese) is now widely used as a fundamental rank, although it is not mentioned in any of the nomenclature codes, and is a synonym for dominion (lat. dominium), introduced by Moore in 1974. A taxon is usually assigned a rank when it is given its formal name. The basic ranks are species and
17667700
Charles Bennet, 4th Earl of Tankerville


Augustus. Tankerville's other interests included maps and shells. At the end of his life his collection was sold for an undisclosed sum, but thought to be between three and four thousand pounds. There are a number of flowers, shells and gastropods with the Latin name "tankervillii". The gastropod named "Amalda tankervillii" (Swainson, 1825) is probably named for Tankerville (or less probably his son). Tankerville married Emma Colebrooke on 7 October 1771 in Gatton, Surrey. She was co-heir to her
4706836
Taxonomic rank


In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy. Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain, etc. A given rank subsumes under it less general categories, that is, more specific descriptions of life forms. Above it, each rank is classified within more general categories of organisms and groups of organisms related to each other through inheritance of traits or features from common ancestors. The rank
17667696
Taxonomic rank


nuclei in the domain Eukarya. The "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" defines "rank" as: "The level, for nomenclatural purposes, of a taxon in a taxonomic hierarchy (e.g. all families are for nomenclatural purposes at the same rank, which lies between superfamily and subfamily)." In his landmark publications, such as the "Systema Naturae", Carl Linnaeus used a ranking scale limited to: kingdom, class, order, genus, species, and one rank below species. Today, nomenclature is regulated
17667699
Sorbeoconcha


Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastropoda. The taxon Sorbeoconcha was named by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997. According to the older taxonomy by Ponder and Lindberg the suborders within the order Sorbeoconcha are: In the taxonomy by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the clade Sorbeoconcha was declared a taxon of unspecified rank, within the clade Caenogastropoda. It comprises the superfamily Cerithioidea, the superfamily Campaniloidea, the informal group Ptenoglossa and the clade
13363551
Stomatellinae


Stomatellinae is a subfamily of small sea snails with a brilliantly nacreous interior of the shell, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Trochidae, the top snails. In the earlier classification used in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, the Stomatellidae was included in the Archaeogastropoda, however, this taxon is now largely abandoned in favor of the more recently defined Vetigastropoda. According to Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), Williams et al. (2008) and Williams et al. (2010) this taxon underwent a rank change from family Stomatellidae to
2477997
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus


. PBP2a is a variant penicillin-binding protein that imparts the ability of "S. aureus" to be resistant to oxacillin. Like all "S. aureus" (also abbreviated SA at times), methicillin-resistant "S. aureus" (MRSA) is a gram-positive, spherical (coccus) bacterium that is about 1 micron in diameter. It does not form spores and it is non-motile. It forms grape-like clusters or chains. Unlike Methicillin-susceptible "S. aureus" (MSSA),
18067236
Staphylococcus


. These species belong to two separate groups – the "S. aureus" ("S. aureus" alone) group and the "S. hyicus-intermedius" group (the remaining five). An eighth species has also been described – "Staphylococcus leei" – from patients with gastritis. "S. aureus" is coagulase-positive, meaning it produces coagulase. However, while the majority of "S. aureus" strains are coagulase-positive, some may be atypical in that they do not produce coagulase. "S. aureus
5816953
Rhinonycteridae


in 2014. The affinities within the families Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae are sometimes found to be contrary in morphological and molecular analyses, yet resolving the phylogeny of these speciose and poorly defined groups has implication in several areas of research. The synonymy includes earlier combinations that elevated the rank through subtribe, tribe then subfamily. The taxon Triaenopini Benda & Vallo, 2009 was also reduced to a synonym for this family by the authors of the 2014 revision that elevated this taxon. The hipposiderid and rhinolophid bats are of especial interest to research into potential
1208236
La Gomera giant lizard


to be controlled. In his scientific description, the German zoologist R. Hutterer referred the subfossil remains from La Gomera to two subspecies of "Gallotia simonyi" with the differences being size related. He named these "Gallotia simonyi bravoana" and "Gallotia simonyi gomerana". Bischoff (1998) synonymized them to a single taxon. Barbadillo "et al." (1999) decided for "bravoana" when they elevated the taxon to species rank. Nogales "et al." (2001) concurred as regards species status,
14733429
Orange-spotted trevally


a /j/ sound; Forsskål used this technique to name a number of Red Sea fish species. Forsskål at first gave the new taxon subspecies status as "Scomber ferdau bajad", relating it to the mackerels, and especially "Scomber ferdau", which would later also be transferred to "Carangoides". The taxon was later given a species rank, becoming "Scomber bajad", then "Caranx bajad", before being transferred to its current position as "Carangoides bajad". The species was also independently renamed three times
15301652
Drosera subg. Lasiocephala


monograph of the family and recognizing this taxon as a series under section "Rossolis". In 1996, taxonomist Jan Schlauer argued for the recognition of this taxon at the rank of subgenus, noting that these closely related species share many affinities with subgenus "Drosera" but are different enough to warrant subgeneric status. All species in this subgenus are native to northern Australia except for "D. petiolaris", which is more widely distributed to as far as New Guinea. The plants in this subgenus or "petiolaris"-complex mostly look like variations
19625002
Synonym (taxonomy)


Given that the correct name of a taxon depends on the taxonomic viewpoint used (resulting in a particular circumscription, position and rank) a name that is one taxonomist's synonym may be another taxonomist's correct name (and "vice versa"). Synonyms may arise whenever the same taxon is described and named more than once, independently. They may also arise when existing taxa are changed, as when two taxa are joined to become one, a species is moved to a different genus, a variety is moved to a
3098366
Name-bearing type


for example, the Central American rodent tribe Nyctomyini has "Nyctomys" as its type genus and its name consists of the stem of the type genus, Nyctomy-, and the appropriate ending for a tribe, -ini. "Genus group" ranks consist of the genus and subgenus. The name-bearing type for a genus-group taxon is the type species, which must be one of the species included when that taxon ("genus" hereafter for brevity) was first formally named or, when no species were included when
5809723
Leptosiphon aureus


Leptosiphon aureus is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name golden linanthus. It has been reclassified by the USDA and the Jepson Manual (TJM2) from a binomial nomenclature to two subspecies: Leptosiphon aureus" var. "aureus for the majority of populations, and "Leptosiphon aureus" subsp. "decorus" for a smaller range of populations. The plant is native to the Southwestern United States in Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Southern California; and to northwestern Mexico in Baja California
1147652
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus


, TMP-SMX, or a beta-lactam antibiotic). Three classes of vancomycin-resistant "S. aureus" have emerged that differ in vancomycin susceptibilities: vancomycin-intermediate "S. aureus" (VISA), heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate "S. aureus" (hVISA), and high-level vancomycin-resistant "S. aureus" (VRSA). VISA ( or ) was first identified in Japan in 1996 and has since been found in hospitals elsewhere in Asia, as well as in the United Kingdom, France
1305956
Staphylococcus aureus


33% of the U.S. population are carriers of "S. aureus" and about 2% carry MRSA. The carriage of "S. aureus" is an important source of hospital-acquired infection (also called nosocomial) and community-acquired MRSA. Although "S. aureus" can be present on the skin of the host, a large proportion of its carriage is through the anterior nares of the nasal passages and can further be present in the ears. The ability of the nasal passages to harbour "S. aureus" results from
642488
Botanical name


names may also have an extra component, bringing a maximum of four parts: A botanical name in three parts, i.e., an infraspecific name (a name for a taxon below the rank of species) needs a "connecting term" to indicate rank. In the "Calystegia" example above, this is "subsp.", for subspecies. In botany there are many ranks below that of species (in zoology there is only one such rank, subspecies, so that this "connecting term" is not used in
6449289
Andreas Peschel


a major cause of severe human infections. Multidrug-resistant "S. aureus" such as methicillin-resistant "S. aureus" (MRSA) represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide demanding new strategies for prevention and therapy of staphylococcal infections. The symptomless colonization of the human nose by "S. aureus" represents a major risk factor for invasive "S. aureus" infections. Peschel's laboratory pioneered research on the strategies used by "S aureus" to colonize the human nose and elude the immune system to cause infections.
4640893
Staphylococcus aureus


of mobile genetic elements. Mobile genetic elements that are common in "S. aureus" include bacteriophages, pathogenicity islands, plasmids, transposons, and staphylococcal cassette chromosomes. These elements have enabled "S. aureus" to continually evolve and gain new traits. There is a great deal of genetic variation within the "S. aureus" species"." A study by Fitzgerald et al. (2001) revealed that approximately 22% of the "S. aureus" genome is non-coding and thus can differ from bacterium to bacterium.
642435
Staphylococcus aureus


a.". "S. aureus" appears as staphylococci (grape-like clusters) when viewed through a microscope, and has large, round, golden-yellow colonies, often with hemolysis, when grown on blood agar plates. "S. aureus" reproduces asexually by binary fission. Complete separation of the daughter cells is mediated by "S. aureus" autolysin, and in its absence or targeted inhibition, the daughter cells remain attached to one another and appear as clusters. "S. aureus" is catalase-positive (meaning
642442
Staphylococcus aureus


the "S. aureus" strain. "S. aureus" is often found in biofilms formed on medical devices implanted in the body or on human tissue. It is commonly found with another pathogen, "Candida albicans", forming multispecies biofilms. The latter is suspected to help "S. aureus" penetrate human tissue. A higher mortality is linked with multispecies biofilms. "S. aureus" biofilm is the predominant cause of orthopedic implant-related infections, but is also found on cardiac implants, vascular grafts, various catheters, and
642453
Staphylococcus aureus


and on severity. Adjunctive rifampicin has been historically used in the management of "S aureus" bacteraemia, but randomised controlled trial evidence has shown this to be of no overall benefit over standard antibiotic therapy. Antibiotic resistance in "S. aureus" was uncommon when penicillin was first introduced in 1943. Indeed, the original Petri dish on which Alexander Fleming of Imperial College London observed the antibacterial activity of the "Penicillium" fungus was growing a culture of "S. aureus". By 1950, 40% of hospital "S. aureus
642475
Arcopilus aureus


and wood rot. "Arcopilus aureus" was first identified from isolates growing on plant species collected in New England. Since its initial discovery, "A. aureus" appears to have a large geographic range, having been identified in Morocco, Brazil, and India. "A. aureus" has been isolated from paper and dung, as well as pineapple field soil, and snap bean seeds. Additionally, "A. aureus" endophytic to plant species, notably "Vitis vinifera", and "Thymelaea lythroides," a medicinal plant
6979379
Someshvara (Chahamana dynasty)


from Someshvara's reign have been discovered so far. These inscriptions are dated between 1169 CE and 1177 CE (1226-1234 VS). They have been found at Amalda (or Anvalda), Bijolia, Dhod, and Rewasa. According to "Prithviraja-Vijaya", Someshvara established a town at the place where the palaces of his brother Vigraharaja IV were located. He named this town after his father. Close to the temples commissioned by Vigraharaja IV, he also commissioned a taller temple dedicated to Vaidyanatha (an aspect
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Class (biology)


In biological classification, class () is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order. The class as a distinct rank of biological classification having its own distinctive name (and not just called a "top-level genus" "(genus summum)") was first introduced by the
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Stockholm Codex Aureus


The Stockholm Codex Aureus (Stockholm, National Library of Sweden, MS A. 135, also known as the Codex Aureus of Canterbury and Codex Aureus Holmiensis) is a Gospel book written in the mid-eighth century in Southumbria, probably in Canterbury, whose decoration combines Insular and Italian elements. Southumbria produced a number of important illuminated manuscripts during the eighth and early ninth centuries, including the Vespasian Psalter, the Stockholm Codex Aureus, three Mercian prayer books (the Royal Prayer book, the Book of Nunnaminster and the Book of Cerne
20593667
Flight officer


. Flight officer was a United States Army Air Forces rank used during World War II, from 1942 to 1945; the rank being created on Sep 10, 1942 On 5 November 1942 military glider pilots were commissioned flight officers after the completion of their training. The new rank insignia was nicknamed "the blue pickle". The rank is equivalent to Warrant Officer Junior Grade (WOJG) which is today's Warrant Officer (NATO grade: W-1). Enlisted and aviation cadet trainees who successfully passed air qualification training were appointed as
18437829
Taxon in disguise


In bacteriology, a taxon in disguise is a species, genus or higher unit of biological classification whose evolutionary history reveals has evolved from another unit of similar or lower rank, making the parent unit paraphyletic. This happens when rapid evolution makes a new species appear radically different from the ancestral group, so that it is not (initially) recognised as belonging to the parent phylogenetic group, leaving the latter an evolutionary grade. While the term is from bacteriology, parallel examples are found throughout the tree of life. E.g. four-
13686091
Taxonomy (biology)


In biology, taxonomy () is the science of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped together into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super-group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (division is sometimes used in botany in place of phylum), class,
11753004
The Beeps


Sapphire Stream S2/Ep45 Apr. 29 Wash Those Socks! S2/Ep46 Dec. 12 The Bumps SEASON 3: S3/Ep1 Aug. 30 Up Down Hill S3/Ep2 Aug. 31 Caravan S3/Ep3 Sep. 6 Secret Garden S3/Ep4 Sep. 7 Bounceflower Tea S3/Ep5 Sep. 13 The Whale S3/Ep6 Sep. 14 Soggy Sockroaches S3/Ep7 Sep. 20 Stinkroots S3/Ep8 Sep. 21 Sing-a-long-a-beeps S3/Ep9 Sep. 27 History Book S3/Ep10 Sep. 28 What Goes Splat? S3
14688027
Signal Transfer Point


. SEPs send signaling messages to other SEPs, but the messages are normally routed via the SEP's adjacent STPs. An STP's main function is to identify the best path for two SEPs to communicate. A typical application would be for two SEPs to agree on the use of a shared data path (e.g., using ISUP to initiate a voice call between a user on one SEP and a user on the second SEP). In this way, STPs route signaling messages (for starting, maintaining or finishing any kind of
21819468
Basque prehistory


Solutrean points were added onto an extant lithic technology usually characterizable as Gravettian with Noailles burins.″ The Basque Solutrean facies is intermediate between the Cantabrian and Pyrenean ones and is found specially in Aitzbitarte IV, Bolinkoba, Santimamiñe, Koskobilo, Isturitz, Hareguy, Ermittia and Amalda. The Magdalenian culture can be found between around 15,000 and 8500 BCE and is widespread in Western - and later, Central Europe. Modern humans recolonize territories lost during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and push into northern Europe for the first time, coming from the
1417053
Signal Transfer Point


calls originated by the SEPs' attached users) while avoiding disabled intermediary STPs. A signaling message typically never goes directly from a given SEP to the destination SEP: the message would normally have to pass through the initiating SEP's adjacent STP so that it can be routed to the destination SEP. In some applications, however, SEPs might be directly connected with signaling links; this would typically be done to enhance robustness or performance between two critical SEPs. Such mesh network configurations are also common in Europe, where STPs have not
21819469
Aureus


The aureus ( aurei, 'golden', used as a noun) was a gold coin of ancient Rome originally valued at 25 pure silver "denarii". The "aureus" was regularly issued from the 1st century BC to the beginning of the 4th century AD, when it was replaced by the "solidus". The "aureus" was about the same size as the "denarius", but heavier due to the higher density of gold (as opposed to that of silver.) Before the time of Julius
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Variety (botany)


In botanical nomenclature, variety (abbreviated var.; in ) is a taxonomic rank below that of species and subspecies, but above that of form. As such, it gets a three-part infraspecific name. It is sometimes recommended that the subspecies rank should be used to recognize geographic distinctiveness, whereas the variety rank is appropriate if the taxon is seen throughout the geographic range of the species. The pincushion cactus, "Escobaria vivipara" , is a wide-ranging variable species occurring from Canada to Mexico, and found
20421108
The Beeps


/Ep20 Sep. 19 Bouncy Bouncy Beep Beep S2/Ep21 Sep. 19 Big Beepday Bash S2/Ep22 Sep. 20 Yuk Says No S2/Ep23 Sep. 24 Wheely Helpful S2/Ep24 Sep. 25 Teeny Beep Takes Off S2/Ep25 Sep. 26 Carnival S2/Ep26 Sep. 27 Peas and Beeps S2/Ep27 Apr. 25 Stuck on You! S2/Ep28 Dec. 9 Hole Lot of Trouble S2/Ep29 Dec. 15 A Little Adventure S2/Ep30 Dec. 16 The Lost Houses S2/Ep31 May 1 Bounceberry Pie S2/Ep32 Dec. 23
14688025
Aureus


Caesar the "aureus" was struck infrequently, probably because gold was seen as a mark of un-Roman luxury. Caesar struck the coin more often, and standardized the weight at formula_1 of a Roman pound (about 8 grams). Augustus (r. 29 BC – 14 AD) tariffed the value of the "sestertius" as formula_2 of an "aureus". The mass of the "aureus" was decreased to formula_3 of a pound (7.3 g) during the reign of Nero (r. 54–68). At
13777809
Thorius aureus


Thorius aureus, the golden thorius, is a species of salamander in the genus "Thorius", the Mexican pigmy salamanders, part of the lungless salamander family. It is endemic to mountainous areas of north central Oaxaca State in Mexico. It is one of the largest "Thorius" species. The specific name "aureus", Latin for golden or splendid, refers to the distinctive golden dorsal stripe that is characteristic of the species. "Thorius aureus" is a slender salamander with a narrow head and long tail. However
7617165
Harsh Mankad


ranked players, including Andy Roddick, Andy Murray, Lleyton Hewwitt, and other top ranked players such as James Blake, Marcos Baghdatis, and Scheng Schalken. Mankad has been a member of India Davis Cup team for over a dozen Davis Cup ties between Sep 2001 and Oct 2010. He was the highest ranked singles player from India on the ATP Tour in June 2005 (No. 220). He won the Manchester Challenger title in July 2006, becoming the first Indian since Leander Paes to win an ATP Challenger Series title
10094500
Tadatoshi Fujimaki


Fujimaki attended Toyama High School and enrolled to Sophia University. He chose for a Manga career after finishing his studies. Shonen Jump's Series of Manga Shorts About Creators as Rookies Continues with Yusei Matsui, Tadatoshi Fujimaki (Oct 28, 2018) Japanese Comic Ranking, September 3-9 (Sep 12, 2018) Japanese Comic Ranking, July 9-15 (Jul 18, 2018) Robot × Laserbeam, ZIGA Manga Both End in Shōnen Jump (Jun 24, 2018) Japanese Comic Ranking, May 7-13 (
7211551
Dryandra subg. Hemiclidia


Dryandra" subg. "Hemiclidia is an obsolete plant taxon that encompassed material that is now included in "Banksia". Published at genus rank as Hemiclidia by Robert Brown in 1830, it was set aside by George Bentham in 1870, but reinstated at subgenus rank by Alex George in 1996. In 2007, all "Dryandra" species were transferred into "Banksia" at series rank, and the infrageneric "Dryandra" taxa, including "D." subg. "Hemiclidia", were set aside. In 1810, Robert
19024017
Phylogenetic nomenclature


International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, taxa that are not explicitly associated with a rank cannot be formally named, because the application of a name to a taxon is based on both a type and a rank. The requirement for a rank is a major difference between traditional and phylogenetic nomenclature. It has several consequences: it limits the number of nested levels at which names can be applied; it causes the endings of names to change if a group has its
4744915
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus


faecalis" could be transferred by gene transfer to "S. aureus", conferring high-level vancomycin resistance to "S. aureus". Until 2002 such a genetic transfer was not reported for wild "S. aureus" strains. In 2002, a VRSA strain ( or ) was isolated from a patient in Michigan. The isolate contained the "mecA" gene for methicillin resistance. Vancomycin MICs of the VRSA isolate were consistent with the VanA phenotype of "Enterococcus" species, and the presence of the "vanA" gene was
1305958
Aureus


inflation caused by the Roman government issuing base-metal coinage but refusing to accept anything other than silver or gold for tax payments, the value of the gold "aureus" in relation to the "denarius" grew drastically. Inflation was also affected by the systematic debasement of the silver "denarius", which by the mid-3rd century had practically no silver left in it. In 301, one gold "aureus" was worth 833⅓ denarii; by 324, the same "aureus" was worth 4,350 "denarii". In
13777813
Aureus


337, after Constantine converted to the "solidus", one solidus was worth 275,000 "denarii" and finally, by 356, one solidus was worth 4,600,000 "denarii". Today, the "aureus" is highly sought after by collectors because of its purity and value, as well its historical interest. An "aureus" is usually much more expensive than a "denarius" issued by the same emperor. For instance, in one auction, an "aureus" of Trajan (r. 98–117) sold for $15,000
13777814
Sophoraflavanone G


". "Staphylococcus aureus" and "Enterococcus" are two of the leading causes of nosocomial (contracted while in a health facility) infections in hospitals and nursing homes, and reports on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospitals have increased worldwide. MRSA involves a strain of "Staphylococcus aureus" bacteria that normally lives on the skin and sometimes in the nasal passages of healthy people. In addition, these particular strains of S. aureus do not respond to some of the
5961834
Galt Aureus


a biennial showcase of creative online video. The Queen of Blades by Galt Aureus was the first place winner of the 2010 BlizzCon Song Contest, an annual contest put on by Blizzard Entertainment. Galt Aureus has been described as "powerful", "epic", "imaginative" alternative rock music by reviewers; stylistically, "they (Galt Aureus) fuse the best of many genres -- the clear precision of classicism, the passion of romanticism, and the intransigent heartbeart of the best of rock." The group cites the
6223603
Staphylococcus aureus


of the human population are carriers of "S. aureus", with 20% as continuous carriers and 30% as intermittent. This leads scientists to believe that there are many factors that determine whether "S. aureus" is carried asymptomatically in humans, including factors that are specific to an individual person. According to a 1995 study by Hofman et al., these factors may include age, sex, diabetes, and smoking. They also determined some genetic variations in humans that lead to an increased ability for "S. aureus"
642438
Arcopilus aureus


morphological features. In general, the perithecium morphology of members of "Chaetomium" changes throughout maturation, changing from spherical and translucent, to globular or elongated and coloured when mature. "Arcopilus aureus" is morphologically similar to "Chaetomium trilateral" and "Ch. fusiforme", leading to confusion in classification of species. However, the curvature of terminal hairs distinguish "A. aureus" from "Ch. fusiforme", whereas spore discharge differentiates "A. aureus" from "Ch. trilateral". Consistent with the perithecium morphology
6979375
Staphopain A (Staphylococcus aureus)


Staphopain A (, "ScpA", "ScpA", "staphylopain A", "staphylococcal cysteine proteinase") is a secreted cysteine protease produced by "Staphylococcus aureus". It was first identified in the S. aureus V8 strain as a papain-like cysteine protease. The protease distinguishes itself from the other major proteases of S. aureus in its very broad specificity and its ability to degrade elastin. Staphopain A expressed from the gene "scpA" within the "scp" operon. The operon also contains the gene "
20549156
Staphylococcus aureus


respiratory infections such as sinusitis, and food poisoning. Pathogenic strains often promote infections by producing virulence factors such as potent protein toxins, and the expression of a cell-surface protein that binds and inactivates antibodies. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of "S. aureus" such as methicillin-resistant "S. aureus" (MRSA) is a worldwide problem in clinical medicine. Despite much research and development, no vaccine for "S. aureus" has been approved. An estimated 20% to 30% of the human population
642430
Linnaean taxonomy


genera" (singular: "genus"), and "species" (singular: "species"). There are ranks below species: in zoology, "subspecies" (but see "form" or "morph"); in botany, "variety" (varietas) and "form" (forma), etc. Groups of organisms at any of these ranks are called "taxa" (singular: "taxon") or "taxonomic groups". The Linnaean system has proven robust and it remains
17642657
Hemolysin


oligomerize, creating ring-shaped heptamer complexes. Hemolysins can be secreted by many different kinds of bacteria such as "Staphylococcus aureus", "Escherichia coli" or "Vibrio parahemolyticus" among other pathogens. We can take a look at the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus as a specific example of pore-forming hemolysin production. "Staphylococcus aureus" is a pathogen that causes many infectious diseases such as pneumonia and sepsis. It produces a ring-shaped complex called a staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin pore. In nature, "Staphylococcus aureus"
15839303
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus


of the MRSA bacterium have been dubbed vancomycin intermediate-resistant "S. aureus" (VISA). This left vancomycin as the only effective agent available at the time. However, strains with intermediate (4–8 μg/ml) levels of resistance, termed glycopeptide-intermediate "S. aureus" (GISA) or vancomycin-intermediate "S. aureus" (VISA), began appearing in the late 1990s. The first identified case was in Japan in 1996, and strains have since been found in hospitals in England, France and
18067254
Calochortus aureus


Calochortus aureus is a North American species of flowering plants in the lily family. It is native to the southwestern United States (Arizona, southern Utah, northwestern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado). n "Calochortus aureus" is a bulb-forming perennial herb producing a single stalk up to 30 cm tall. Flowers are bright lemon-yellow with red or purple splotches on the petals. "Calochortus aureus" was published by Sereno Watson in 1873, based on material collected by Ellen Powell Thompson in 1872 in the vicinity of
19856027
Vertebral osteomyelitis


suffering. The most common microorganism associated with vertebral osteomyelitis is the bacteria "staphylococcus aureus". Another strain of "staphylococcus aureus", commonly known as "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus" (MRSA), is a particularly harmful microorganism that is more difficult to treat than other related strains. "Streptococcus equisimilis" may also be responsible for the onset of vertebral osteomyelitis, though it is thought to be less virulent than "staphylococcus aureus". Diagnosis of vertebral osteomyelitis is often complicated due to the delay between the onset of
2635017
Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin


'Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin is a toxin produced by "Staphylococcus aureus". It has a wide spectrum of cytolytic activity. It is among other toxins produced by S. aureus and is part of the phenol-soluble modulin peptide family. Its alpha-helical, amphipathic structure gives it detergent-like properties, allowing it to disrupt and attach to the cytoplasmic membrane of a cell non-specifically, without a receptor, and integrate into the membrane. Delta toxin degrades the membrane on contact and forms short-lived pores,
4395456
Drug of last resort


failure of more commonly used treatment options to prevent the development of drug resistance. One of the most commonly known examples of both antimicrobial resistance and the relationship to the classification of a drug of last resort is the emergence of "Staphylococcus aureus" (MRSA) (sometimes also referred to as multiple-drug resistant "S. aureus" due to resistance to non-penicillin antibiotics that some strains of "S. aureus" have shown to exhibit). In cases presenting with suspected "S. aureus", it is suggested by many
5944837