Liu Shouwen [SEP] child
Zhao Dejun


youth, he became a cavalry soldier capable in archery, and he became a soldier under Liu Shouwen the military governor of Yichang Circuit (義昌, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei). While he was serving under Liu Shouwen during the "Kaiping" era of Later Liang's emperor Zhu Quanzhong, there was an occasion when Liu Shouwen's army was raiding Xiu County (蓨縣, in modern Hengshui, Hebei). As part of the raid, Zhao captured a child named Liu Yanshou, who was a son of Xiu
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Liu Shouwen


who recognized Liu Shouwen, charged toward him and captured him, and subsequently, the battle turned into a rout against the Yichang troops. Liu Shouguang put Liu Shouwen under arrest and headed toward Cang Prefecture. Liu Shouwen's assistants Lü Yan (呂兗) and Sun He (孫鶴) initially supported Liu Shouwen's son Liu Yanzuo as his successor and put up a defense, and the defense held, even after Liu Shouguang took Liu Shouwen to the city to show the troops that Liu Shouwen had been captured. The food supplies
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Liu Yanzuo


) in 895, and had sent Liu Shouwen to conquer Yichang in 898, leaving Liu Shouwen in command there. In 907, Liu Shouguang overthrew Liu Rengong and put him under house arrest, taking over Lulong. Hearing of this, Liu Shouwen launched an attack on Liu Shouguang, and the war between the brothers continued for several years. In 909, Liu Shouwen was captured in battle by Liu Shouguang's officer Yuan Xingqin. Liu Shouguang put him under house arrest and tried to advance to take over Yichang. Liu Shouwen
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Liu Rengong


while Liu Shouwen was assisted by the Khitan and the Tuyuhun tribal armies.) In 909, they had a battle at Jisu (雞蘇, in modern Tianjin), where Liu Shouwen initially prevailed. However, Liu Shouwen then stepped out onto the battlefield and stated, "Do not kill my brother!" As he did, Yuan, who knew that it was Liu Shouwen, made a surprise attack and captured him. Liu Shouguang put Liu Shouwen under house arrest as well, and then put Cang Prefecture, which was
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Liu Shouwen


Liang, agreed to do so and sent his son Liu Yanyou (劉延祐) to the Later Liang imperial government to serve as a hostage. Emperor Taizu was pleased, and bestowed the honorary chancellor title "Zhongshu Ling" (中書令) on Liu Shouwen. In 908, Liu Shouwen launched another attack on Liu Shouguang. Liu Shouguang sought aid from Li Cunxu the Prince of Jin (Li Keyong's son and successor), and Li Cunxu sent aid. Liu Shouwen was subsequently repelled by Liu Shouguang at Lutai Base (蘆台軍
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Liu Shouguang


declared to his troops, "Do not kill my brother!" As he did, Yuan Xingqin, who recognized Liu Shouwen, charged toward him and captured him, and subsequently, the battle turned into a rout against the Yichang troops. Liu Shouguang put Liu Shouwen under arrest and headed toward Cang Prefecture. Liu Shouwen's assistants Lü Yan (呂兗) and Sun He (孫鶴) initially supported Liu Shouwen's son Liu Yanzuo as his successor and put up a defense, and the defense held, even after Liu Shouguang
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Liu Shouwen


Liu Rengong and expelled out of the household after having an affair with one of Liu Rengong's concubines, carried out a coup, took over Lulong, put Liu Rengong under house arrest, and formally submitted to Later Liang. Upon hearing of the coup, Liu Shouwen launched a campaign against his brother, which stalemated. With the brothers battling, Luo Shaowei, who recognized the Later Liang emperor, wrote a letter to Liu Shouwen urging him to submit to Later Liang as well. Liu Shouwen, fearing an attack from Later
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Liu Shouwen


subordinate Yuan Xiangxian. 30,000 Lulong soldiers were killed, as was Dan; Liu Shouwen barely escaped. Subsequently, a joint counterattack by Xuanwu and Weibo forces further crushed Liu Rengong's main force, and Liu Rengong and Liu Shouwen fled back to their own territory. In 900, Zhu sent his general Ge Congzhou to attack Liu Rengong. Ge first captured De Prefecture and killed its prefect Fu Gonghe (傅公和), and then put Liu Shouwen under siege at Cang Prefecture. Liu Rengong's own efforts to try to aid his
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Liu Shouwen


, however, Liu Shouwen withdrew. (Meanwhile, the Xuanwu officers Li Zhouyi (李周彝) and Fu Daozhao (符道昭) captured Gaotang and killed Shi.) Later in the year, after helping Luo to put out the remaining rebellions in Weibo, Zhu attacked north and put Cang Prefecture under siege. Liu Rengong's attempts to aid Liu Shouwen were unsuccessful, and the city was soon running out of food, causing the people to resort to eating dirt or cannibalizing each other. When Zhu tried to persuade Liu Shouwen to
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Liu Shouwen


(魏州). Weibo's military governor Luo Shaowei sought aid from Xuanwu's military governor Zhu Quanzhong, and Zhu sent his generals Li Si'an (李思安) and Zhang Cunjing (張存敬) to aid Luo. Liu Rengong made Liu Shouwen and Dan Keji his forward commanders, stating to Liu Shouwen, "You are 10 times as brave as Li Si'an. You should first capture him, and then capture Luo Shaowei." Liu Shouwen and Dan subsequently engaged Li, but were ambushed in a trap set by Li and his
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Luo Shaowei


(西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu, Sichuan). Liu Rengong and Liu Shouwen did not take clear actions to recognize or not to recognize the new regime. Later in the year, though, after Liu Rengong was overthrown and put under house arrest by another son, Liu Shouguang, Liu Shouguang submitted to the Later Liang emperor. Liu Shouwen thereafter attacked Liu Shouguang, trying to free their father, but his campaign stalemated. Luo, believing that this would be an opportune time to persuade Liu Shouwen to submit to Later
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Liu Rengong


魏博, headquartered in modern Handan, Hebei), allowing Liu Shouwen to take the circuit. Liu Rengong commissioned Liu Shouwen as acting military governor, and then made a request to Emperor Zhaozong that Liu Shouwen be given a formal commission as military governor, the imperial government initially refused. In response, Liu Rengong made an irreverent statement to the imperial emissary: In any case, it was said that after the victory over Yichang, Liu Rengong, believing in his military strength, began to have ambitions of controlling the entire region
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Yuan Xingqin


launched a campaign to try to free their father. In 909, Liu Shouwen, allied with Khitan and Tuyuhun tribal troops, made a major attack on Liu Shouguang and defeated him in battle, but as he stood out in front his own troops, instructing them not to kill Liu Shouguang, Yuan saw him and charged toward him, capturing him. This caused Liu Shouwen's troops to collapse, and next year Yichang, under the defense of Liu Shouwen's son Liu Yanzuo, surrendered to Liu Shouguang. In 913,
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Zhang Wenli


at You Prefecture) conquered neighboring Yichang Circuit (義昌, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei) and made his son Liu Shouwen the military governor of Yichang, he sent Zhang to Yichang to serve under Liu Shouwen. On an occasion when Liu Shouwen was at You Prefecture to see his father, Zhang took over Yichang's capital Cang Prefecture (滄州) and refused to let Liu Shouwen return. However, the people of Cang Prefecture then rose against him, causing him to flee to neighboring Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in
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Liu Shouguang


took Liu Shouwen to the city to show the troops that Liu Shouwen had been captured. The food supplies ran out, and the army resorted to slaughtering the weaker residents for food. In spring 910, Liu Yanzuo surrendered, and Liu Shouguang had his son Liu Jiwei (劉繼威) take over Yichang. He killed Lü and slaughtered Lü's household, but pardoned Sun and made Sun a chief strategist. Liu Shouguang soon after had Liu Shouwen assassinated, then blamed the assassination on the killer and executed the killer. He also
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Liu Shouwen


, in modern Cangzhou) and Yutian (玉田, in modern Tangshan, Hebei), and he withdrew. In summer 909, Liu Shouwen launched another attack, this time after sending gifts to persuade Khitan and Tuyuhun tribes to fight on his side against Liu Shouguang as well. He initially defeated Liu Shouguang at Jisu (雞蘇, in modern Tianjin), but during the initial victory, Liu Shouwen declared to his troops, "Do not kill my brother!" As he did, Liu Shouguang's general Yuan Xingqin,
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Liu Shouwen


tried to attack Liu Shouguang, but was captured in battle and subsequently killed by his brother. It is not known when Liu Shouwen was born. His father Liu Rengong was a Lulong Circuit officer who took over the circuit with the military support of the major warlord Li Keyong the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi) in 895, but then turned against Li in 897 and became an independent warlord. Liu Shouwen appeared to be the oldest son, and it is known that he was
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Liu Shouwen


older than his brother Liu Shouguang, and that he had a sister who married the Lulong officer Dan Keji (單可及). (A sister of Liu Shouwen's was later said to be the mother of the officer Wang Sitong, but it is unclear whether she was a different sister (which appeared likely) or the same sister (who might have married Wang Sitong's father after Dan's death)). The first historical reference to Liu Shouwen's acts was in 898, at which time Liu Rengong was embroiled in
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Liu Shouwen


a dispute over salt rights with Lu Yanwei, then the military governor of Yichang. Liu Rengong thus sent Liu Shouwen to attack Yichang's capital Cang Prefecture (滄州). Lu, unable to withstand his attack, abandoned the circuit and fled to Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan). Liu Rengong thus took over the three prefectures of Yichang (Cang, Jing (景州, in modern Cangzhou), and De (德州, in modern Dezhou, Shandong) Prefectures) and commissioned Liu Shouwen as
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Liu Rengong


Si'an (李思安) and Zhang Cunjing (張存敬) arrived first, Liu had Liu Shouwen and Dan engage them, but the Xuanwu forces defeated them, killing Dan and nearly killing Liu Shouwen as well. When Xuanwu generals Ge Congzhou and He Delun (賀德倫) subsequently arrived as well and again engaged Lulong forces along with Weibo forces, the Lulong forces were again defeated, and the Lulong officers Xue Tujue (薛突厥) and Wang Guilang (王鄶郎) were captured. Liu Rengong and Liu Shouwen were forced to flee back to
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Liu Shouwen


Emperor Zhaozong's son and successor Emperor Ai yield the throne to him, ending Tang and starting a new Later Liang as its Emperor Taizu. While several warlords (Li Keyong, Li Maozhen, Yang Wo, and Wang Jian) refused to recognize the Later Liang emperor and most other regional governors did so, the historical records did not explicitly state what position Liu Rengong and, by extension, Liu Shouwen, took publicly. However, in late 907, Liu Shouwen's younger brother Liu Shouguang, who had been rebuked by
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Liu Shouwen


the acting military governor. He sent a request to then-reigning Emperor Zhaozong to grant Liu Shouwen banners and rods of a military governor (i.e., to make Liu Shouwen military governor). Emperor Zhaozong initially refused. Liu Rengong, who had then become arrogant and was planning to take over the entire region north of the Yellow River, responded to Emperor Zhaozong's eunuch messenger, "I myself have banners and rods. All I want are the authentic colors from [the imperial capital] Chang'an. Why is it that
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Ge Congzhou


commanding forces from Xuanwu, Tianping, Xuanyi, and Weibo, to attack Liu Rengong's son Liu Shouwen the military governor of Yichang Circuit (義昌, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei). Ge quickly captured Yichang's De Prefecture (德州, in modern Dezhou, Shandong) and killed its prefect Fu Gonghe (傅公和). He then put Liu Shouwen under siege at Yichang's capital Cang Prefecture (滄州). When Liu Rengong himself tried to come to Liu Shouwen's aid, Ge left Zhang Cunjing (張存敬)
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Liu Shouwen


military governor of Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern Changzhi, Shanxi) had submitted to Li Keyong, Zhu prepared to withdraw from Cang Prefecture. As Zhu had had much food supply shipped to the front, he was ordering that the food supply be burned or sunk into the water. Liu Shouwen wrote Zhu: Because of Liu Shouwen's request, Zhu left some of the food untouched, and after he withdrew, the people of Cang Prefecture were able to survive because of this. In 907, Zhu Quanzhong had
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Liu Rengong


defended by Liu Shouwen's son Liu Yanzuo, under siege. The city fell in 910, so Liu Shouguang took Yichang under his control as well. He then had Liu Shouwen killed, while submitting a petition to Zhu Quanzhong (who had seized the Tang throne by this point and established a new Later Liang as its Emperor Taizu) in Liu Rengong's name, seeking retirement. The Later Liang emperor approved of Liu Rengong's retirement, bestowed the title of "Taishi" (太師) on Liu Rengong, and subsequently
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Liu Shouguang


governor of Yichang Circuit and who had heard of Liu Shouguang's overthrow of Liu Rengong, also submitted to Later Liang as a vassal and launched an army to attack Liu Shouguang. The brothers' armies stalemated for some time. During this confrontation, Liu Shouguang was aided by Li Keyong's son and successor Li Cunxu the Prince of Jin. In 909, the brothers again engaged each other at Jisu (雞蘇, in modern Tianjin). Liu Shouwen initially prevailed in the battle, but during the initial victory, Liu Shouwen
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Liu Yanzuo


's secretaries Lü Yan (呂兗) and Sun He (孫鶴) supported Liu Yanzuo as Liu Shouwen's successor and tried to put up a defense at Yichang's capital Cang Prefecture (滄州). Initially, the defense held even after Liu Shouguang had Liu Shouwen taken to the frontline to show that he had been captured. However, soon the food supplies ran out, and the army resorted to cannibalizing the weaker people in the community for food. In spring 910, Liu Yanzuo surrendered. Liu Shouguang sent his son (
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Li Cunxu


him as an older brother. For some time thereafter, Li Cunxu did not wage major campaigns, although he did involve himself in the war between Liu Shouwen and his younger brother Liu Shouguang by aiding Liu Shouguang, after Liu Shouguang had overthrown Liu Rengong and taken over Lulong Circuit. (Liu Shouguang eventually captured Liu Shouwen, uniting Lulong and Yichang under his control.) He also jointly attacked Later Liang with Li Maozhen's Qi state after the major Later Liang general Liu Zhijun submitted to Qi. Li Cunxu's major opportunity
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Zhou Dewei


forces were in fact then able to further recapture Ci, Xi, and Fen (汾州, in modern Linfen), it was said that Li Keyong did not dare to again engage Zhu for several years. (Li Maozhen was subsequently forced to sue for peace by surrendering the emperor to Zhu.) Later in 906, Zhu advanced north and again put Liu Shouwen under siege at Cang Prefecture. Liu Rengong sought aid from Li Keyong to try to save Liu Shouwen. Under Li Keyong's demand, Liu Rengong sent troops
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Liu Shouwen


Liu Shouwen (劉守文) (died 910) was a warlord who ruled Yichang Circuit (義昌, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei) as its military governor ("Jiedushi") late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and early during Tang's succeeding dynasty Later Liang. He was a son of Liu Rengong the military governor of the larger Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing) and followed his father's orders. After his father was overthrown and put under house arrest by his younger brother Liu Shouguang, he
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Li Sizhao


north and again put Liu Shouwen under siege at Cang Prefecture. Liu Rengong sought aid from Li Keyong to try to save Liu Shouwen. Under Li Keyong's demand, Liu Rengong sent troops to join Hedong forces under Li Sizhao and Zhou in attacking Lu Prefecture, to try to recapture Zhaoyi Circuit. When the joint Hedong/Lulong forces reached Lu Prefecture, Ding, who had been mourning Emperor Zhaozong (whom Zhu had assassinated in 905 and replaced with his son Emperor Ai), surrendered Lu to them. Li Keyong made
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Liu Shouwen


I made so many petitions and still do not receive them? Tell them this!" However, Emperor Zhaozong did eventually relent and make Liu Shouwen the military governor of Yichang. In 899, Liu Rengong launched his plan with 100,000 soldiers from Lulong and Yichang Circuits, heading first toward Bei Prefecture (貝州, in modern Xingtai, Hebei), which belonged to Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan, Hebei). He captured Bei Prefecture and slaughtered its people, and then headed toward Weibo's capital Wei Prefecture
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Wang Rong (warlord)


modern Cangzhou, Hebei), which Liu Rengong had captured earlier and had given to his son Liu Shouwen to govern, Ge had initial successes against Liu Shouwen, but after Wang Rong sent messengers to mediate and Ge encountered torrential rains, Zhu recalled Ge and his troops. Zhu, however, then decided that he would attack Wang for communicating with Li Keyong. He approached Zhen Prefecture and attacked it, burning its southern gate. Wang, in fear, sent his assistant Zhou Shi (周式) to plead with Zhu,
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Liu Shouwen


surrender, Liu Shouwen responded respectfully, "I, your servant, am a son to the ruler of You Prefecture [(幽州, Lulong's capital)]. The Prince of Liang [(i.e., Zhu)] is trying to get the entire domain to submit to his righteousness. If a son rebels against his father and surrenders, why would you want such a follower?" Zhu admired him for his words, and slowed down the siege. Later in the year, after hearing news that Ding Hui the
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Liu Shouwen


in the circuit, slaughtered them with Zhu's support. The other troops were shocked by Luo's actions, and some of the soldiers rebelled under the leadership of the officer Shi Renyu (史仁遇), who took over Gaotang (高唐, in modern Liaocheng, Shandong) and claimed to be acting military governor. He sought aid from Hedong and Yichang. In response, Liu Shouwen attacked Weibo's Bei and Ji (冀州, in modern Hengshui, Hebei) Prefectures. When Zhu sent Xuanwu troops to reinforce Ji's defense
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Zhao Dejun


's county magistrate Liu Yuan (劉邧), as well as Liu Yanshou's mother Lady Zhong. He then adopted Liu Yanshou as his own son. In 909, Liu Shouwen, who was then in a rivalry with his brother Liu Shouguang after Liu Shouguang had imprisoned their father Liu Rengong and seized Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered at You Prefecture), which Liu Rengong had controlled, was captured by Liu Shouguang and subsequently killed. Zhao came under Liu Shouguang's command and thereafter served at You Prefecture. As Liu Shouguang
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Liu Shouguang


son of Liu Rengong's, Liu Shouwen, was older than he was, while another son, Liu Shouqi (劉守奇), was younger. In or around 903, Liu Rengong made him the prefect of Ping Prefecture (平州, in modern Qinhuangdao, Hebei). On an occasion, when the Khitan chieftain Yelü Abaoji sent his brother-in-law Shulü Abo (述律阿缽) to attack Ping, Liu Shouguang pretended to be suing for peace with the Khitan and held a feast for Shulü and the other key Khitan
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Liu Rengong


not like. Therefore, a number of officers, including Liu Shouguang's younger brother Liu Shouqi (劉守奇), nephew Wang Sitong, and the officer Li Chengyue (李承約), fled to Hedong Circuit. Hearing of what Liu Shougguang did, Liu Shouwen launched his troops to attack Liu Shouguang, with initially inconclusive results. (In this fraternal war, Liu Shouguang received aid from Li Cunxu, who had succeeded Li Keyong as the military governor of Hedong and the Prince of Jin after Li Keyong's death in 908,
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Liu Yanzuo


Liu Yanzuo (劉延祚) was a son of the late Chinese Tang Dynasty/early Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period warlord Liu Shouwen, the military governor ("Jiedushi") of Yichang Circuit (義昌, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei), who tried to defend Yichang against the attacks of his uncle Liu Shouguang after his father was captured by his uncle in 909. Little is known about Liu Yanzuo personally. His grandfather Liu Rengong had taken over the nearby, larger Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing
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Liu Rengong


, Henan), and under Zhu's recommendation, Emperor Zhaozong bestowed the honorary chancellor designation of "Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi" (同中書門下平章事) on Liu. However, Liu also wrote a letter to Li Keyong apologizing for what happened. Meanwhile, Liu had a running dispute with Lu Yanwei over the two circuits' control of the salt trade. In 898, Liu sent his son Liu Shouwen to attack Yichang's capital Cang Prefecture (滄州). Lu, unable to resist, abandoned it and fled to Weibo Circuit (
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Yuan Xingqin


Da'an, defeating and capturing him. He put Liu Rengong under house arrest and took over the circuit, and had Yuan kill all of his (Liu Shouguang's) brothers for him. Liu Shouguang initially nominally submitted to the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit, Zhu Quanzhong, including after Zhu seized the Tang throne and established the Later Liang as its Emperor Taizu. Meanwhile, Liu Shouguang's brother Liu Shouwen, whom Liu Rengong had made the military governor of Yichang Circuit (義昌, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei),
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Liu Rengong


lead an army, with supplements from Weibo, to attack Liu. Zhang quickly captured Lulong's Ying and Mo (莫州, in modern Cangzhou) Prefectures and Yichang's Jing Prefecture (景州, in modern Cangzhou). (In the latter battle, the prefect Liu Renba (劉仁霸), who might have been a brother to Liu Rengong, was captured.) Zhang prepared to next attack You Prefecture, but subsequent weather conditions stopped him, and he instead attacked Yiwu and forced that circuit into submission (despite Liu Shouwen
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Zhang Juhan


in modern Cangzhou, Hebei), then governed by Liu's son Liu Shouwen. Liu Rengong sought aid from Li Keyong the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi). Li agreed, but under the provision that Liu send troops to Hedong so that the Hedong and Lulong troops could jointly attack Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern Changzhi, Shanxi), which had fallen under Zhu's control at that time, to try to relieve the pressure on Yichang. Liu sent Zhang and
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Li Keyong


the Prince of Hui (as Emperor Ai), and the Tang court came under Zhu's complete control. In 906, Zhu launched a major attack on Liu Shouwen, and Liu Rengong sought aid from Li Keyong. Li Keyong initially refused to aid Liu, but after advice by his son Li Cunxu, who pointed out that if Zhu destroyed the Lius, no one else could stand up against Zhu. Li Keyong thus requisitioned troops from Liu Rengong and attacked Lu Prefecture. When he reached Lu, Ding Hui, whom
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Li Keyong


in fending off a major attack by Liu, and in light of the victory, Ge made an incursion into Hedong territory, but was fought off by Zhou. Li Keyong was able to recapture Lu after Li Hanzhi's death in fall 899, but only with great difficulty. In 900, when Zhu tried to attack north to capture Yichang, which was then under control by Liu's son Liu Shouwen, Li Keyong decided to come to the Lius' aid by having Zhou again attack Xing and Ming Prefectures, but Zhou
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Zhu Wen


Shu state. Liu Rengong initially did not react; however, shortly after, he was put under house arrest by his son Liu Shouguang, who took over Lulong; both Liu Shouwen, who thereafter launched a campaign to try to free his father against his brother Liu Shouguang, and Liu Shouguang nominally submitted to Later Liang. Shortly after becoming emperor, apparently intending to deal a crippling blow to Jin, Emperor Taizu sent Kang Huaizhen north to put Lu Prefecture, then under the command of Li Sizhao, under tight siege;
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Liu Shouguang


Liu Shouguang (劉守光) (died February 12, 914) was a warlord early in the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period who controlled Lulong (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing) and Yichang (義昌, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei) Circuits, after seizing control from his father Liu Rengong and defeating his brother Liu Shouwen. He claimed the title of Emperor of Yan in 911, but was subsequently defeated and executed by Li Cunxu the Prince of Jin, who absorbed Yan into his Jin state. It is
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Ge Congzhou


and Shi Shucong (氏叔琮) in charge of the siege and engaged Liu Rengong himself, defeating Liu Rengong. Wang Rong the military governor of Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei) then tried to mediate, and with Ge's army running into unfavorable weather, Zhu recalled Ge. Meanwhile, Li Keyong tried to aid Liu Rengong and Liu Shouwen by having Li Sizhao attack Ming Prefecture to divert Zhu's forces. He was able to capture Ming, but Ge then engaged and defeated him, forcing him
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Li Sizhao


Qian (孟遷) as the acting military governor of Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered at Lu Prefecture). In late 899, Zhu sent Ge to launch a punitive campaign against Liu, putting Liu's son Liu Shouwen under siege at Cang Prefecture (滄州, in modern Cangzhou, Hebei). In spring 900, Li Keyong sent Li Sizhao to attack Xing and Ming Prefectures to try to relieve the pressure on the Lius. Subsequently, though, Zhu recalled Ge, as Wang Rong the military governor of Chengde Circuit (
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Liu Rengong


their territory. In 900, Zhu further had Ge command armies of four circuits (Xuanwu, Weibo, and two other circuits under Zhu's control—Taining (泰寧, headquartered in modern Jining, Shandong) and Tianping (天平, headquartered in modern Tai'an, Shandong)) to attack Liu Rengong's territory. Ge quickly captured Yichang's De Prefecture (德州, in modern Dezhou, Shandong) and put Liu Shouwen under siege at Cang Prefecture. When Liu Rengong sought aid from Li Keyong, Li Keyong responded by sending
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Zhu Wen


ones of their liking), entered a pact with Zhu where he slaughtered the headquarters guards and Zhu provided Xuanwu military support in order to suppress possible mutinies in response. When Luo subsequently carried out the slaughter, many Weibo soldiers mutinied in response, and for several months Zhu and Luo's joint forces suppressed the mutinies. After that campaign, Zhu headed north, wanting to conquer Liu Rengong's lands. He put Liu's son Liu Shouwen (whom Liu Rengong had made the military governor of Yichang) under siege at Yichang
13721231
Li Cunxu


scatter and be unable to be gathered again. In 906, Zhu was on campaign against another major warlord, Liu Rengong the military governor of Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing), and he put Liu Rengong's son Liu Shouwen the military governor of Yichang Circuit (義昌, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei) under siege at Yichang's capital Cang Prefecture (滄州). Liu Rengong sought aid from Li Keyong—whom he had previously rebelled against and thereafter became independent from. Li Keyong, bearing that
1526865
Zhao Yanshou


that his birth father Liu Yuan (劉邧) served as the magistrate of Xiu County (蓨縣, in modern Hengshui, Hebei), and that his mother was a Lady Zhong. Sometime during the "Kaiping" era (907-910) of Zhu Quanzhong the emperor of Later Liang, Zhao Xingshi, then an officer under Liu Shouwen the military governor ("Jiedushi") of Yichang Circuit (義昌, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei), raided Xiu and captured both Liu Yanshou and his mother Lady Zhong.
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Zhou Dewei


, headquartered in modern Beijing), putting Liu's son Liu Shouwen the military governor of Yichang Circuit (義昌, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei) under siege at Yichang's capital Cang Prefecture (滄州). In spring 900, Li Keyong sent Zhou with a 5,000-men cavalry force, and then had Li Sizhao follow up with a 50,000-men force to attack Xing and Ming Prefectures to try to relieve the pressure on the Lius. Subsequently, though, Zhu recalled Ge, as Wang Rong the military governor of Chengde Circuit (
11794351
Lu Yanwei


Kuangchou brought from Lulong, and so attacked Li Kuangchou at Jingcheng (景城, in modern Cangzhou) and killed him, seizing his wealth and his followers, including his concubines. As the years went by, Lu developed a reputation for being cruel and insolent in his relations with neighboring circuits. As of 898, he was locked in a dispute over the salt trade with Lulong's then-military governor Liu Rengong (whom Li Keyong installed). Liu sent his son Liu Shouwen to attack Cang Prefecture. Lu could not
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Zhang Wenli


Zhang Wenli (張文禮) (d. September 15, 921?), known as Wang Deming (王德明) during the time that he was an adoptive son of Wang Rong, was an army officer who initially served under the late Tang Dynasty warlord Liu Rengong and Liu Rengong's son Liu Shouwen, and later Wang Rong, the only prince of the early Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Zhao (also known as Chengde Circuit (成德)). Wang Rong favored him for his talent and adopted him as a son
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Zhao Yanshou


Zhao then took Liu Yanshou as an adoptive son. Zhao Yanshou was said to be handsome in his youth. He studied the Confucian classics and history, and was capable in writing poems. He also favored hosting guests. After his adoptive father Zhao Xingshi (after Liu Shouwen had been defeated and captured by his brother Liu Shouguang, who later declared himself the emperor of Yan), defected to Jin, Zhao Xingshi was treated well by Jin's prince Li Cunxu, who bestowed Tang Dynasty imperial clan name Li on Zhao Xingshi
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Luo Shaowei


him full military governor, and created him the Prince of Changsha. Luo Shaowei was said to be decisive and intelligent in his youth, and capable of administration. At some point, Emperor Zhaozong gave him the honorary title of acting "Taiwei" (太尉, one of the Three Excellencies). In 899, Liu Rengong the military governor of Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing), who had ambitions of taking over the entire region north of the Yellow River, attacked Weibo with his son Liu Shouwen the
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Zhu Wen


to flee to Fengxiang, however, without significant losses on the western border. Late in 909, Liu Shouguang captured Liu Shouwen in battle, and subsequently proceeded to Yichang and conquered it. He continued to be nominally submissive to Emperor Taizu, and Emperor Taizu made him the military governor of both Lulong and Yichang. Also nominally submissive to Emperor Taizu, in the north, were Wang Rong's Chengde Circuit (now renamed to Wushun to observe naming taboo for Emperor Taizu's father Zhu Cheng) and Wang Chuzhi's Yiwu Circuit
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Liu Shouguang


Dynasty's last emperor Emperor Ai and established a new Later Liang as its Emperor Taizu—requesting to be a vassal, using only the title of "acting" military governor in the petition. In fall 908, Emperor Taizu commissioned him as the military governor of Lulong and gave him the honorary chancellor designation "Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi" (同中書門下平章事). Emperor Taizu also created him the Prince of Hejian, and then upgraded the title to Prince of Yan in 908. Meanwhile, Liu Shouwen, who was then the military
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Liu Shouwen


son were initially unsuccessful, but persuaded Li Keyong to try to divert the Xuanwu army's attention by attacking Xing (邢州, in modern Xingtai) and Ming (洺州, in modern Handan), and Wang Rong the military governor of Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei) also urged peace between the two sides. Further, Ge's army ran into rainstorms, and Zhu ordered him to withdraw. In 906, Luo, who was fearful of the traditional power that the Weibo headquarter guard corps had
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Luo Shaowei


Liang, wrote him to persuade him to do so. Liu Shouwen agreed, and thereafter submitted to Emperor Taizu as a subject. In 909, Luo suffered a paralysis in his limb(s), and wrote Emperor Taizong, in an explicit offer to surrender physical control of the circuit: Emperor Taizu was touched, and, while appreciative of Luo's offer, commissioned his second son Luo Zhouhan (Luo Tinggui having died earlier) as the deputy military governor and put Luo Zhouhan in temporary command, stating to Luo Shaowei's messenger
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Li Sizhao


Renyu (史仁遇) rebelled and occupied Gaotang (高唐, in modern Liaocheng, Shandong), seeking aid from Li Keyong and Liu Shouwen. He was soon under attack by Xuanwu forces. Li Keyong sent Li Sizhao to attack Xing Prefecture to try to relieve the pressure on Shi, but Li Sizhao was unable to capture Xing, defended by Niu Cunjie (牛存節), and was forced to withdraw. Xuanwu forces was then able to capture Gaotang and slaughter Shi and the population of Gaotang. Later in 906, Zhu advanced
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Li Keyong


Zhu had given the command of Zhaoyi but who had mourned Emperor Zhaozong's death bitterly, surrendered, allowing Li Keyong to regain control of Zhaoyi, whose command he gave to Li Sizhao. Hearing that Ding had surrendered Zhaoyi, Zhu gave up the campaign against Liu Shouwen and withdrew. In summer 907, Zhu Quanzhong forced Emperor Ai to yield the throne to him, ending the Tang Dynasty. He established a new Later Liang (as its Emperor Taizu). Most Tang military governors at least nominally submitted to him as emperor
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Emperor Wu of Liu Song


birth to Liu Yu, and Liu Qiao, unable to take care of the child financially or otherwise, considered abandoning the child. Upon hearing this, Liu Yu's aunt, who had given birth to his cousin Liu Huaijing (劉懷敬) less than a year ago, went to Liu Qiao's house and took Liu Yu, weaning Liu Huaijing and giving her milk to Liu Yu instead. At some point, Liu Qiao remarried, and his new wife Xiao Wenshou bore him two sons, Liu Daolian (劉道憐) and
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XYY syndrome


chromosome abnormalities was undertaken at seven centers worldwide: in Denver (Jan 1964–1974), Edinburgh (Apr 1967–Jun 1979), New Haven (Oct 1967–Sep 1968), Toronto (Oct 1967–Sep 1971), Aarhus (Oct 1969–Jan 1974, Oct 1980–Jan 1989), Winnipeg (Feb 1970–Sep 1973), and Boston (Apr 1970–Nov 1974). The Boston study, led by Harvard Medical School child psychiatrist Stanley Walzer at Children's Hospital, was unique among the seven newborn screening studies in that it only screened newborn "boys" (
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The Man from Snowy River (TV series)


NOV 1994)br 13 The Stampede (27 NOV 1994) Season 2br 1 The Hostage (13 AUG 1995)br 2 The Savage Land (20 AUG 1995)br 3 The Railroad (27 AUG 1995)br 4 Fathers and Sons (3 SEP 1995)br 5 The Manly Art (10 SEP 1995)br 6 The Dry Argument (17 SEP 1995)br 7 Servant of the People (1 OCT 1995)br 8 The Search (8 OCT 1995)br 9 The Lost Child (15 OCT 1995)br 10 The Foundling (22 OCT 1995)br 11 The Long Arm of the Law (29 OCT 1995)br
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Long Corridor


Cao, whose son and future successor Cao Pi overthrew the Han Dynasty royals and founded the Kingdom of Wei. In addition, Zhao Yun had to find the wife of Liu Bei, the founder of the Shu Han, and her child (Liu Shan). When he found them, Liu Bei's wife committed suicide in order not to be a burden on Zhao, who then went into battle protecting the child. The painting shows Zhao, dressed in white, surrounded by enemy soldiers and holding Liu Bei's son.
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Liu Shao (Liu Song)


; I will not raise him." She then wanted to put the child to death, but when Emperor Wen heard this, he ran to her bedchambers and saved the child. (Modern historian Bo Yang doubted this account and believed that this story was invented after Liu Shao's deeds.) In 429, Emperor Wen created Liu Shao crown prince. In 438, he took the daughter of his deceased official Yin Chun (殷淳), Yin Yuying, as Crown Prince Shao's crown princess. Around the new year
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Empress Dan


prince. However, Empress Dan's son Liu Ai (劉乂), while described as "young" in 310, was already capable of independent thinking, implying that he was an older child or young adult by that time. Liu Yuan died later that year and was succeeded by Liu He, who was however overthrown and killed by Liu Cong after only a week as emperor. Liu Cong initially offered the throne to Liu Ai, but Liu Ai declined, and Liu Cong took the throne himself. He honored Empress Dan
10030057
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
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Liu Bei


descended from this line rather than Liu Zhen's line. Liu Bei's grandfather Liu Xiong (劉雄) and father Liu Hong (劉弘) both served as clerks in the local commandery office. Liu Bei grew up in a poor family, having lost his father when he was still a child. To support themselves, Liu Bei and his mother sold shoes and straw-woven mats. Even so, Liu Bei was full of ambition from childhood: he once said to his peers, while under a tree that resembled the
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Jia Qiaojie


Jia Qiaojie () is a character in the Chinese novel "Dream of the Red Chamber". She is the only child of Jia Lian and Wang Xifeng. She remains a child throughout much of the novel. She is named after the Weaver Girl by Granny Liu, hoping the name will give some good luck and fortune. In the end of the novel according to the Cheng-Gao version, Granny Liu saves her from being sold into concubinage by her maternal uncle. She and Ping'er are taken to Granny Liu's
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List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
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John Browning


Church) in Georgia beginning on March 28, 1887. He married Rachel Theresa Child (14 Sep 1860 – 30 Sep 1934) on April 10, 1879 at Ogden, Weber County, Utah Territory, and the couple had 10 children, two of whom died in infancy. Production examples of the Model 1885 Single Shot Rifle caught the attention of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company, who dispatched a representative to evaluate the competition. Winchester bought the design for $8,000 and moved production to their Connecticut factory. From 1883, Browning
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Harvard Girl


"manual" for child-rearing and early education. The book was a bestseller in mainland China and made both Harvard and Liu Yiting household names among Chinese parents and students. It has since had numerous imitators, spawning an entire genre of how-to books on child-rearing for Chinese parents. Liu was raised in Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province. Liu's parents, believers in the value of early childhood education, subjected her to a rigorous education since she was just 15 days old. For example,
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Harvard Girl


element of the child-rearing strategy described in the book was treating Liu as an adult and "encourag[ing] her to develop a mature style of thinking". Liu's parents never used baby talk when Liu was a child, and they allowed her to argue with them but required her to present reasoned arguments like an adult. According to education scholar Ben Mardell, the book's focus on independent thinking and intellectual development was a "break with the past" in China, where both early and higher education often emphasize rote
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History of the Han dynasty


Han (r. 1 BCE – 6 CE, Liu Jizi), a first cousin of the former emperor. Although Wang had married his daughter to Emperor Ping, the latter was still a child when he died in 6 CE. In July of that year, Grand Empress Dowager Wang confirmed Wang Mang as acting emperor ("jiahuangdi" 假皇帝) and the child Liu Ying as his heir to succeed him, despite the fact that a Liu family marquess had revolted against Wang a month earlier, followed by others who were outraged
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Joanne Liu


ran a Chinese restaurant called China Garden. Dr Joanne Liu was the fifth child after David, a child stillborn, Anthony and Margaret. When she was thirteen, she became fascinated by "Et la Paix dans le monde docteur", a book about the experiences of a physician working with Doctors Without Borders during the Soviet–Afghan War. She dreamed of becoming "a doctor without borders" one day. During junior college, Cegep Champlain St. Lawrence, Quebec City, she travelled to Mali with Canadian Crossroads International. Liu
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Liu Shan


Jing Province (covering present-day Hubei and Hunan). During his retreat south, Liu Bei was caught up by an elite cavalry force led by Cao Cao at the Battle of Changban, and forced to leave behind Lady Gan and Liu Shan to resume his escape. Liu Bei's general Zhao Yun stayed behind to protect the family members of Liu Bei. Holding the infant Liu Shan in his arms, Zhao Yun led the mother and child to safety. (It appears likely that Lady Gan had died sometime before 209
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Liu Wen


cover of "American Vogue". She is currently represented by The Society Management and is based in New York City. An only child, Liu was born into a working-class family on January 27, 1988, in Yongzhou, Hunan. In her teenage years, her mother encouraged her to be professional, eat well, and enter a modeling contest, which led to Liu's discovery. Liu originally planned to work as a tour guide. Liu started her modeling career in 2005 when she entered the "New Silk
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Liu Yan (Tang dynasty)


Gong (劉功) served as a county magistrate, while his father Liu Zhihui (劉知晦) served as a county secretary general. When Emperor Xuanzong offered sacrifices at Mount Tai in 725, Liu Yan, then a child, wrote a song and submitted it to Emperor Xuanzong. Emperor Xuanzong was amazed, and he had his chancellor Zhang Shuo test Liu's knowledge. Zhang was also impressed and stated, "This is a sign of fortune for the empire." He made Liu a scribe in the imperial government, at
13175306
September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
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Liu Penzi


Liu Penzi (; born 10 AD) was a puppet emperor placed on the Han dynasty throne temporarily by the Red Eyebrows (Chimei) rebels after the collapse of the Xin dynasty, from 25 to 27 AD. Liu Penzi and his two brothers were forced into the Red Eyebrows as child soldiers. When the Red Eyebrows submitted to the new Gengshi Emperor, his older brother Liu Gong fled to support the new emperor. Later, the Red Eyebrows rose again in rebellion and chose Liu Penzi as emperor. When they took Chang'an,
15169424
Liu Yongxing


), Chen Yuxin (陈育新) and Liu Yonghao (刘永好), as well as one sister, Liu Yonghong (刘永红). They started out as farm workers in low social standing due to their family background as wealthy landlords before the Cultural Revolution. He graduated from Xihua University in 1968. Liu's wife is a psychologist by training, with whom he has one child. He resides in Shanghai. In the late 1970s, Liu Yongxing and his brothers founded an electronics company that had to close soon after, as
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Yuan Qigui


bore him Liu Shao. According to traditional histories, when she observed her son's face, she remarked that this child would bring disaster on the house, and was ready to kill her child. Emperor Wen, hearing this, rushed to her bedchambers and forced her to spare the child. (Some later historians, including Bo Yang, doubted this account.) However, because he was still within the three-year mourning period for his father Emperor Wu and supposed to abstain from sexual relations, he hid Liu Shao
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Chu Yuan


Wen was assassinated by his crown prince Liu Shao in 453, Liu Shao took over as emperor and tried to make Chu Danzhi loyal to him by giving him additional responsibilities. However, Chu Danzhi, during his campaign against his brother Liu Jun the Prince of Wuling, took an opportunity to flee to Liu Jun's camp with Chu Yuan and his younger brother Chu Cheng (褚澄). Chu Yuan had one son by this point, whom they were unable to take with them, and in retaliation Liu Shao had the child
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Liu Shao (Liu Song)


period that Liu Yilong should have observed for his father Emperor Wu, during which he was supposed to abstain from sexual relations. Because Emperor Wu died in 422, this would make Liu Shao's actual birthdate sometime between 423 and 425. He was Emperor Wen's oldest son. The official accounts also contain another story about Liu Shao's birth—that when he was born, Empress Yuan looked at him, and then stated, "this child's appearance is unusual, and he will surely destroy his state and his home
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Liu Yan (dancer)


Liu Yan is a classical Chinese dancer. She has performed in many dance dramas and won many dance competitions in and outside China. As a child, Liu had a passion for classical Chinese dance. She started dancing when she was only 9 years old. When she was 10 years old, Liu gained admission to the Beijing Dance Academy middle school. When she was 11 years old, in 1993, she entered the Beijing Dance Academy middle school. Liu later enrolled at the Beijing Dance Academy at the age of 18.
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Liu Guichun


Liu Guichun (; 1933 – October 10, 2007) was a Chinese police officer known for his appeal to the international media to concern his son Liu Gang's persecution in jail. He served as a section chief cadre in Public Security Bureau in Liaoyuan. After his second child, Liu Gang, sentenced to six-year jail term for leading the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Liu Guichun was protested that his son was being tortured seriously and the Chinese government reportedly forbidden his family from visiting illegally in Lingyuan Labor-Reform Camp
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Liu Qingyun


Liu Qingyun (; 1841 – 1900), courtesy name Guxiang, was a Chinese playwright and poet. She has been described as "the most prolific woman playwright of the nineteenth century". Liu Qingyun was born during the Qing dynasty in 1841 or 1842 in Donghai (modern day Lianyungang), Jiangsu. Her father, Liu Yuntang, was a successful businessman and also a "high official", and was around fifty when Qingyun, his first child, was born. Her mother was surnamed Wang. Afterwards, Wang bore
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Liu Yan (Tang dynasty)


his young age, and Liu became referred to as the "godly child." The honored men all rushed to invite him to their households. During Emperor Xuanzong's "Tianbao" era (742–756), Liu became the magistrate of Xia County (夏縣, in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi). Xia County was a key point for transportation of supplies to the Tang capital Chang'an, and it was said that while Liu did not supervise the transportation of supplies through his county in a harsh manner, the supplies were nevertheless always
13175307
Alysa Liu


Alysa Liu (born 8 August 2005) is an American figure skater who competes in the women's singles discipline. She is the 2019 U.S. national champion, the 2018 U.S. junior champion, and the 2016 U.S. intermediate champion. Liu was born on 8 August 2005, in Clovis, California, the oldest child of Arthur Liu, an attorney who immigrated to the U.S. from a small mountain village in the Sichuan Province, China in the 1990s at the age of 25, after earning degrees in China. He was further educated
20116846
Chinese patchwork


culture and folk legends are often the themes for patchworks, such as the Qilin Bringing the Child, Door Gods, the Dragon King and the Kitchen God. People started making Chinese patchwork in the Liu Song of the Southern Dynasty. The first emperor of Liu Song Dynasty, named Liu Yu, was born in an underprivileged family. His mother gathered rags from the neighborhoods to make a patchwork. When he became the emperor, he perceived this kind of patchwork as the symbol for his impoverished childhood. All the infants in Liu
6310968
The Beeps


Sapphire Stream S2/Ep45 Apr. 29 Wash Those Socks! S2/Ep46 Dec. 12 The Bumps SEASON 3: S3/Ep1 Aug. 30 Up Down Hill S3/Ep2 Aug. 31 Caravan S3/Ep3 Sep. 6 Secret Garden S3/Ep4 Sep. 7 Bounceflower Tea S3/Ep5 Sep. 13 The Whale S3/Ep6 Sep. 14 Soggy Sockroaches S3/Ep7 Sep. 20 Stinkroots S3/Ep8 Sep. 21 Sing-a-long-a-beeps S3/Ep9 Sep. 27 History Book S3/Ep10 Sep. 28 What Goes Splat? S3
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Beauty's Rival in Palace


Bo used to distract Liu Heng from Yifang albeit unsuccessful (Zisu is indebted to Yifang so she tries to pay the debt by removing the obstacle to the crown for Yifang's son, Liu Qi). Everyone thought that it was Dou Yifang who murdered Zirang's child, and Consort Bo hated her to death. Dou Yifang used this unfortunate incident as a balance between Empress Lü Zhi and Dai, and helped Liu Heng to save time to plot insurrection. Emperor Liu Ying is looking for a way to escape his depressing life
19331374
Signal Transfer Point


. SEPs send signaling messages to other SEPs, but the messages are normally routed via the SEP's adjacent STPs. An STP's main function is to identify the best path for two SEPs to communicate. A typical application would be for two SEPs to agree on the use of a shared data path (e.g., using ISUP to initiate a voice call between a user on one SEP and a user on the second SEP). In this way, STPs route signaling messages (for starting, maintaining or finishing any kind of
21819468
Signal Transfer Point


calls originated by the SEPs' attached users) while avoiding disabled intermediary STPs. A signaling message typically never goes directly from a given SEP to the destination SEP: the message would normally have to pass through the initiating SEP's adjacent STP so that it can be routed to the destination SEP. In some applications, however, SEPs might be directly connected with signaling links; this would typically be done to enhance robustness or performance between two critical SEPs. Such mesh network configurations are also common in Europe, where STPs have not
21819469
Liu Penzi


inherited the march after Marquess Xian's death. When Wang Mang usurped the Han throne and established the Xin Dynasty in 8, the march was abolished. Penzi was the youngest of three brothers. His older brothers were Liu Gong (劉恭) and Liu Mao (劉茂). As Chimei forces rose late during the Xin Dynasty, the Liu brothers were forced into the Chimei to be child soldiers. Later, when the Chimei general Fan Chong (樊崇) temporarily submitted to Gengshi Emperor's authority after Gengshi Emperor overthrew Wang Mang
15169426
Benjamin Marsh


cabins. Marsh's daughter, Abigail, was the first white child born in Sutton. As the town grew, Marsh held a number of positions of responsibility, including Selectman, Town Clerk and Town Moderator. He served on committees representing the town for the purpose of erecting a meeting house and financial matters, and served as Trustee for town funds. His daughter, Abigail, was the first child born in Sutton. On Sep. 16, 1735, he founded the town's Baptist church, which is the fourth oldest Baptist
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