IA-32 [SEP] developer
IA-64


17.056 GB/s Itanium processors released prior to 2006 had hardware support for the IA-32 architecture to permit support for legacy server applications, but performance for IA-32 code was much worse than for native code and also worse than the performance of contemporaneous x86 processors. In 2005, Intel developed the IA-32 Execution Layer (IA-32 EL), a software emulator that provides better performance. With Montecito, Intel therefore eliminated hardware support for IA-32 code. In 2006, with the release of Montecito, Intel made a number of enhancements to the basic
5089914
IA-32


IA-32 (short for "Intel Architecture, 32-bit", sometimes also called i386) is the 32-bit version of the x86 instruction set architecture, designed by Intel and first implemented in the 80386 microprocessor in 1985. IA-32 is the first incarnation of x86 that supports 32-bit computing; as a result, the "IA-32" term may be used as a metonym to refer to all x86 versions that support 32-bit computing. Within various programming language directives, IA-32 is still sometimes referred to as the "i386" architecture. In some other
15159933
IA-32 Execution Layer


The IA-32 Execution Layer (IA-32 EL) is a software emulator in the form of a software driver that improves performance of 32-bit applications running on 64-bit Intel Itanium-based systems, particularly those running Linux and Windows Server 2003 (it is included in Windows 2003 SP1 and later and in most Linux distributions for Itanium). The IA-32 EL bypasses the slow x86 hardware emulation which is available on pre-Montecito Itanium models. The IA-32 EL used a two-phase (later three-phase) approach: initially it quickly translated
15514400
IA-32


contexts, certain iterations of the IA-32 ISA are sometimes labelled i486, i586 and i686, referring to the instruction supersets offered by the 80486, the P5 and the P6 microarchitectures respectively. These updates offered numerous additions alongside the base IA-32 set, i.e. floating-point capabilities and the MMX extensions. Intel was historically the largest manufacturer of IA-32 processors, with the second biggest supplier having been AMD. During the 1990s, VIA, Transmeta and other chip manufacturers also produced IA-32 compatible processors (e.g. WinChip). In the modern era
15159934
IA-32


distribution. In spite of IA-32's name (and causing some potential confusion), the 64-bit evolution of x86 that originated out of AMD would not be known as "IA-64", that name instead belonging to Intel's Itanium architecture. The primary defining characteristic of IA-32 is the availability of 32-bit general-purpose processor registers (for example, EAX and EBX), 32-bit integer arithmetic and logical operations, 32-bit offsets within a segment in protected mode, and the translation of segmented addresses to 32-bit linear addresses. The designers took
15159936
Internet Explorer version history


development. It was first released as part of the add-on package Plus! for Windows 95 that year. Later versions were available as free downloads, or in service packs, and included in the OEM service releases of Windows 95 and later versions of Windows. Originally Microsoft Internet Explorer only ran on Windows using Intel 80386 (IA-32) processor. Current versions also run on x64, 32-bit ARMv7, PowerPC and IA-64. Versions on Windows have supported MIPS, Alpha AXP and 16-bit and 32-bit x86 but currently support only 32-bit
16686797
LibreOffice


the development activity of Apache OpenOffice, the other major descendant of OpenOffice.org. The project was announced and a beta released on 28 September 2010. Between January 2011 (the first stable release) and October 2011, LibreOffice was downloaded approximately 7.5 million times. The project claims 120 million unique downloading addresses from May 2011 to May 2015, excluding Linux distributions, with 55 million of those being from May 2014 to May 2015. The Document Foundation developers target LibreOffice for Microsoft Windows (IA-32 and x86-64), Linux (IA-32
21506062
Windows Server 2003


and reliability. Windows Server 2003 is available for IA-32, Itanium, and x64 processors. It supports a maximum of 32 physical processors on IA-32 platform or 64 physical processors on x64 and IA-64 hardware. IA-32 versions of this edition support up to 64 GB of RAM. With Service Pack 2 installed, the x64 versions support up to 1 TB while the IA-64 versions support up to 2 TB of RAM. Windows Server 2003 Datacenter also allows limiting processor and memory usage on a per-application basis. This edition has better support
379246
IA-32


, Intel still produces IA-32 processors under the Intel Quark microcontroller platform, however, since the 2000s, the majority of manufacturers (Intel included) moved almost exclusively to implementing CPUs based on the 64-bit variant of x86, x86-64. x86-64, by specification, offers legacy operating modes that operate on the IA-32 ISA for backwards compatibility. Even given the contemporary prevalence of x86-64, as of 2018, IA-32 protected mode versions of many modern operating systems are still maintained, e.g. Microsoft Windows and the Ubuntu Linux
15159935
CentOS


x86-64 architecture, while versions older than 7.0-1406 also support IA-32 with Physical Address Extension (PAE). , AltArch releases of CentOS 7 are available for the IA-32 architecture, Power ISA, and for the ARMv7hl and AArch64 variants of the ARM architecture. Building of CentOS 8 has been started at May 2019. Prior to becoming known under its current name, CentOS originated as a build artifact of CAOS Linux, which was started by Gregory Kurtzer. In June 2006, David Parsley, the primary developer of Tao
14001002
Windows Server 2008


and IA-32 versions. These editions come in two DVDs: One for installing the IA-32 variant and the other for x64. Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems supports IA-64 processors. The IA-64 version is optimized high-workload scenarios like database servers and Line of Business (LOB) applications. As such, it is not optimized for use as a file server or media server. Windows Server 2008 is the last 32-bit Windows server operating system. Editions of Windows Server 2008 include: The Microsoft Imagine program, known as DreamSpark
9066911
Windows XP editions


Edition can run standard x86 32-bit applications through its WOW64 (Windows-on-Windows 64-bit) emulation layer. While the original Itanium processor contains an on-chip IA-32 decoder, it was deemed far too slow for serious use (running at about 400 MHz), so Microsoft and Intel wrote a software 32 to 64-bit translator dubbed the IA-32 Execution Layer. It allows real time translation of x86 32-bit instructions into IA-64 instructions, allowing 32-bit applications to run (albeit significantly more slowly than native code). This edition supports the
20318725
Leh


Chief Executive Officern LAHDC'. The Current Deputy Commissioner of Leh (app. Sep 2017) is Avny Lavasa, IAS. LAHDC was constituted in 1995. The conception of the council was conceived so as to provide a transparent development in the area. It has 30 councillors, 4 nominated and 26 elected. The Chief Executive Councillor heads and chairs this council. Since the 8th-century people belonging to different religions, particularly Buddhism and Islam, have been living in Leh. They co-inhabited the region from the time
8442376
Comparison of BSD operating systems


and develop for multi-processor infrastructures. The main goal of the project, forked from FreeBSD 4.8, is to radically change the kernel architecture, introducing microkernel-like message passing which will enhance scaling and reliability on symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) platforms while also being applicable to NUMA and clustered systems. The long-term goal is to provide a transparent single system image in clustered environments. DragonFly BSD originally supported both the IA-32 and x86-64 platforms, however support for IA-32 was dropped in version 4.0. Matthew Dillon,
3305981
Project Monterey


Project Monterey was an attempt to build a single Unix operating system that ran across a variety of 32-bit and 64-bit platforms, as well as supporting multi-processing. Announced in October 1998, several Unix vendors were involved; IBM provided POWER and PowerPC support from AIX, Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) provided IA-32 support, and Sequent added multi-processing (MP) support from their DYNIX/ptx system. Intel Corporation provided expertise and ISV development funding for porting to the new IA-64 platform, which had not yet been released
20151360
Microsoft Windows


R4000. (Although some these platforms implement 64-bit computing, the operating system treated them as 32-bit.) However, Windows 2000, the successor of Windows NT 4.0, dropped support for all platforms except the third generation x86 (known as IA-32) or newer in 32-bit mode. The client line of Windows NT family still runs on IA-32, although the Windows Server line has ceased supporting this platform with the release of Windows Server 2008 R2. With the introduction of the Intel Itanium architecture (IA-64), Microsoft released new versions
19194308
MIPS architecture processors


/os. There was speculation in the early 1990s that MIPS and other powerful RISC processors would overtake the Intel IA-32 architecture. This was encouraged by the support of the first two versions of Microsoft's Windows NT for Alpha, MIPS and PowerPC—and to a lesser extent the Clipper architecture and SPARC. However, as Intel quickly released faster versions of their Pentium class CPUs, Microsoft Windows NT v4.0 dropped support for anything but IA-32 and Alpha. With SGI's decision to transition to the Itanium and IA-32 architectures in 2007 (
3171651
Gentoo Linux


, IA-64, PA-RISC, 32-bit and 64-bit PowerPC, 64-bit SPARC, DEC Alpha, and both 32- and 64-bit ARM architectures. It is also officially supported but considered in development state on MIPS, PS3 Cell Processor, System Z/s390, and SuperH. Official support for 32-bit SPARC hardware has been dropped. Portability toward other operating systems, such as BSD-derived ones including macOS, is under active development by the Gentoo/Alt project. The Gentoo/FreeBSD project already has a working guide based on FreeSBIE,
10493780
Physical Address Extension


OS X Tiger through Mac OS X Snow Leopard support PAE and the NX bit on IA-32 processors; Snow Leopard was the last version to support IA-32 processors. On x86-64 processors, all versions of macOS use 4-level paging (IA-32e paging rather than PAE) to address memory above 4GB. Mac Pro and Xserve systems can use up to 64 GB of RAM. The Linux kernel includes full PAE-mode support starting with version 2.3.23, in 1999 enabling access of up to 64 GB of memory on 32-bit machines.
20806788
James Barker (Rhode Island)


1758 (8) John Barker b. 18 Dec 1710, Middletown, RI; d. 17 Mar 1777 (9) Elisha Barker b. 27 Dec 1744, Newport, RI; d. 10 May 1827 (10) Arnold Barker b. 7 Apr 1777, Middletown, RI; d. 14 Oct 1859 (11) Alanson L. Barker b. 27 Sep 1817, PA; d. 1875 (12) Joseph Cornell Barker b. 10 Oct 1858, Mt. Zion, IA; d. 17 Sep 1937 (13) Marvin Urias Barker b. 5 Jul 1885,
7483986
Visopsys


Visopsys, ("Visual Operating System"), is an operating system, written by Andy McLaughlin. Development of the operating system began in 1997. The operating system is licensed under the GNU GPL, with the headers and libraries under the less restrictive LGPL license. It runs on the 32-bit IA-32 architecture. It features a multitasking kernel, supports asynchronous I/O and the FAT line of file systems. It requires a Pentium processor. The development of Visopsys began in 1997, being written by Andy McLaughlin. The first
9310506
Simics


Simics is a full-system simulator used to run unchanged production binaries of the target hardware at high-performance speeds. Simics was originally developed by the Swedish Institute of Computer Science (SICS), and then spun off to Virtutech for commercial development in 1998. Virtutech was acquired by Intel in 2010 and Simics is now marketed through Intel's subsidiary Wind River Systems. Simics can simulate systems such as Alpha, x86-64, IA-64, ARM, MIPS (32- and 64-bit), MSP430, PowerPC (32- and 64-bit
16278685
Intel Fortran Compiler


Intel Fortran Compiler, also known as IFORT, is a group of Fortran compilers from Intel for Windows, OS X, and Linux. The compilers generate code for IA-32 and Intel 64 processors and certain non-Intel but compatible processors, such as certain AMD processors. A specific release of the compiler (11.1) remains available for development of Linux-based applications for IA-64 (Itanium 2) processors. On Windows, it is known as Intel Visual Fortran. On OS X and Linux, it is known as Intel Fortran
10088143
Microsoft Windows SDK


XP and later, as well as .NET Framework 3.0 and later. "Platform SDK" is the successor of the original Microsoft Windows SDK for Windows 3.1x and Microsoft Win32 SDK for Windows 9x. It was released in 1999 and is the oldest SDK. Platform SDK contains compilers, tools, documentations, header files, libraries and samples needed for software development on IA-32, x64 and IA-64 CPU architectures. however, came to being with .NET Framework. Starting with Windows Vista, the Platform SDK, .NET Framework SDK, Tablet PC
13295134
Intel C++ Compiler


Intel C++ Compiler, also known as icc or icl, is a group of C and C++ compilers from Intel available for Windows, Mac, Linux, FreeBSD and Intel-based Android devices. The compilers generate optimized code for IA-32 and Intel 64 architectures, and non-optimized code for non-Intel but compatible processors, such as certain AMD processors. A specific release of the compiler (11.1) is available for development of Linux-based applications for IA-64 (Itanium 2) processors. The 14.0 compiler added support for
4084476
Slackware


2009, Patrick Volkerding announced the public (development) release of an official x86_64 variant, called Slackware64, maintained in parallel with the IA-32 distribution. Slackware64 is a pure 64-bit distribution in that it does not support running or compiling 32-bit programs, however, it was designed as "multilib-ready". Eric Hameleers, one of the core Slackware team members, maintains a multilib repository that contains the necessary packages to convert Slackware64 to multilib to enable running of 32-bit software. Hameleers started the 64-bit port as a diversion from the
8587373
IAS 2


are not clearly separated, the costs should be allocated “on a rational and consistent basis”, such as based on the market value of each unit once the two products become separate. IAS 2 does not allow for the capitalisation of: The valuation of work in progress on construction and service contracts falls outside IAS 2 (IFRS 15 applies instead); similarly for financial instruments, IAS 32 and IFRS 9 apply and for biological assets arising from agricultural activity, IAS 41 applies instead of IAS 2. For the capitalisation of
9407248
X86


during the following years; this extended programming model was originally referred to as "the i386 architecture" (like its first implementation) but Intel later dubbed it IA-32 when introducing its (unrelated) IA-64 architecture. In 1999-2003, AMD extended this 32-bit architecture to 64 bits and referred to it as x86-64 in early documents and later as AMD64. Intel soon adopted AMD's architectural extensions under the name IA-32e, later using the name EM64T and finally using Intel 64. Microsoft and Sun Microsystems/Oracle also
15296259
Executable space protection


mode on 64-bit CPUs. These features have been part of the Linux kernel mainline since the release of kernel version 2.6.8 in August 2004. The availability of the NX bit on 32-bit x86 kernels, which may run on both 32-bit x86 CPUs and 64-bit IA-32-compatible CPUs, is significant because a 32-bit x86 kernel would not normally expect the NX bit that an AMD64 or IA-64 supplies; the NX enabler patch assures that these kernels will attempt to use the NX bit if present. Some desktop Linux distributions, such as Fedora, Ubuntu and
14925624
Executable space protection


-64 and IA-32 processors that support it, first appeared in FreeBSD -CURRENT on June 8, 2004. It has been in FreeBSD releases since the 5.3 release. The Linux kernel supports the NX bit on x86-64 and IA-32 processors that support it, such as modern 64-bit processors made by AMD, Intel, Transmeta and VIA. The support for this feature in the 64-bit mode on x86-64 CPUs was added in 2004 by Andi Kleen, and later the same year, Ingo Molnar added support for it in 32-bit
14925623
Paraguay national rugby union team


- 12 Paraguay 19 SEP 1985 Paraguay 9 - 9 Uruguay 21 SEP 1985 Argentina 102 - 3 Paraguay 4th Place Sudamericano 1987 Santiago, Chile 27 SEP 1987 Chile 28 - 16 Paraguay 30 SEP 1987 Argentina 62 - 4 Paraguay 03 OCT 1987 Paraguay 12 - 20 Uruguay 4th place Sudamericano 1989 Montevideo, Uruguay 07 OCT 1989 Chile 12 - 9 Paraguay 08 OCT 1989 Uruguay 32 - 7 Paraguay 12 OCT 1989 Brasil 40 - 11 Paraguay 14 OCT 1989 Argentina 75 - 7 Paraguay 5th place Sudamericano 1991 5 Naciones 17 AGO 1991 Uruguay 29
13011258
Windows 7


program. All editions aside from "Starter" support both IA-32 and x86-64 architectures; "Starter" only supports 32-bit systems. Retail copies of Windows 7 are distributed on two DVDs: one for the IA-32 version and the other for x86-64. OEM copies include one DVD, depending on the processor architecture licensed. The installation media for consumer versions of Windows 7 are identical; the product key and corresponding license determines the edition that is installed. The Windows Anytime Upgrade service can be used to purchase an upgrade
16365691
Windows NT


from scratch but implements a subset of Windows APIs. The 64-bit versions of Windows NT were originally intended to run on Itanium and DEC Alpha; the latter was used internally at Microsoft during early development of 64-bit Windows. This continued for some time after Microsoft publicly announced that it was cancelling plans to ship 64-bit Windows for Alpha. Because of this, Alpha versions of Windows NT are 32-bit only. While Windows 2000 only supports Intel IA-32 (32-bit), Windows XP, Server 2003, Server 2008 and Server 2008 R2 each have
7479476
Firefox


first official release (Firefox version 1.0) supported macOS (then called Mac OS X) on the PowerPC architecture. Mac OS X builds for the IA-32 architecture became available via a universal binary which debuted with Firefox 1.5.0.2 in 2006. Starting with version 4.0, Firefox was released for the x64 architecture to which macOS had migrated. Since its inception, Firefox for Linux supported the 32-bit memory architecture of the IA-32 instruction set. 64-bit builds were introduced in the 4.0 release. The 46.0 release replaced GTK+ 2.18 with 3.4 as a system
1273214
List of former IA-32 compatible processor manufacturers


As the 32-bit Intel Architecture became the dominant computing platform during the 1980s and 1990s, multiple companies have tried to build microprocessors that are compatible with that Intel instruction set architecture. Most of these companies were not successful in the mainstream computing market. So far, only AMD has had any market presence in the computing market for more than a couple of product generations. Cyrix was successful during the 386 and 486 generations of products, but did not do well after the Pentium was introduced. List of former IA-32 compatible microprocessor vendors:
12350144
MAJC


variations of the Intel IA-32 design for instance, each one would need its own dedicated compiler and the developer would have to produce a different binary for every one. However it is precisely this concept that drives the Java market–there is indeed a different compiler for each ISA, and it is installed on the client's machine instead of the developer's. The developer ships only a single bytecode version of their program, and the user's machine compiles that to the underlying platform. In reality, scheduling instructions in this fashion
5788481
GT.M


super server such as inetd or xinetd. Web enabled applications can use layered software such as EWD or CFMumps. GT.M is fully supported on the following platforms: GT.M is no longer supported on these platforms: The code base for GT.M on GNU/Linux on IA-32 (x86) includes changes needed to run on Cygwin on Microsoft Windows but this is not a supported platform. On GNU/Linux on x86-64 & IA-32 (x86), and on OpenVMS on Alpha/AXP, GT.M is released as Free / Open
17033443
SSE2


the compiler option to generate SSE2 instructions is turned on by default. SSE2 is an extension of the IA-32 architecture, based on the x86 instruction set. Therefore, only x86 processors can include SSE2. The AMD64 architecture supports the IA-32 as a compatibility mode and includes the SSE2 in its specification. It also doubles the number of XMM registers, allowing for better performance. SSE2 is also a requirement for installing Windows 8 (and later) or Microsoft Office 2013 (and later) "to enhance the reliability of third-party
11744815
PaX


; although PaX is fully functional on many CPU architectures, including the widely used x86 architecture, it still remains partially or fully unimplemented on some architectures. Those that PaX is effective on include IA-32 (x86), AMD64, IA-64, Alpha, PA-RISC, and 32 and 64 bit MIPS, PowerPC, and SPARC architectures. PaX cannot block fundamental design flaws in either executable programs or in the kernel that allow an exploit to abuse supplied services, as these are in principle undetectable. For example, a script
7045202
PaX


available, PAGEEXEC will use it instead of emulating one, incurring no performance costs. On IA-32 architectures, NX bit emulation is done by changing the permission level of non-executable pages. The Supervisor bit is overloaded to represent NX. This causes a protection fault when access occurs to the page "and" it is not yet cached in the translation lookaside buffer. In this case, the memory management unit alerts the operating system; on IA-32, the MMU typically has separate TLB caches for execution (ITLB) and read
7045216
C++Builder


C++Builder is a rapid application development (RAD) environment, originally developed by Borland and owned by Embarcadero Technologies (a subsidiary of Idera), for writing programs in the C++ programming language targeting Windows NT (IA-32 and x64), macOS, iOS and Android. C++Builder combines the Visual Component Library and IDE written in Object Pascal with multiple C++ compilers. Most components developed in Delphi can be used in C++Builder with no or little modification, although the reverse is not true, but this constraint is valid only for source code.
1101885
L4 microkernel family


constructed in a higher level language, the group developed L4Ka::Hazelnut, a C++ version of the kernel that ran on IA-32- and ARM-based machines. The effort was a success — performance was still acceptable — and with its release the pure assembly language versions of the kernels were effectively discontinued. In parallel to the development of L4Ka::Hazelnut, in 1998 the Operating Systems Group TUD:OS of the TU Dresden (Dresden University of Technology) started to develop their own C++ implementation of the L4 kernel interface, called L4/Fiasco.
11264171
Gentoo Linux


and so are not enabled by default. When installing the same package on multiple computers with sufficiently similar hardware, the package may be compiled once and a binary package created for quick installation on the other computers. As Gentoo is a source-based distribution with a portage tree describing how to build the packages, adding instructions to build on different machine architectures is particularly easy. Originally built on the IA-32 architecture, Gentoo has since been ported to many others. It is officially supported and considered stable on IA-32, x86-64
10493779
OpenOffice.org


last version, 3.4 Beta 1, was available for IA-32 versions of Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 or later, Linux (IA-32 and x64), Solaris and OS X 10.4 or later, and the SPARC version of Solaris. The latest versions of OpenOffice.org on other operating systems were: OpenOffice.org included OpenSymbol, DejaVu, the Liberation fonts (from 2.4) and the Gentium fonts (from 3.2). Versions up to 2.3 included the Bitstream Vera fonts. OpenOffice.org also used the default fonts of the running operating system. "Fontwork
18963462
Processor design


server computers commonly used in businesses and homes. In this market, the Intel IA-32 and the 64-bit version x86-64 architecture dominate the market, with its rivals PowerPC and SPARC maintaining much smaller customer bases. Yearly, hundreds of millions of IA-32 architecture CPUs are used by this market. A growing percentage of these processors are for mobile implementations such as netbooks and laptops. Since these devices are used to run countless different types of programs, these CPU designs are not specifically targeted at one type of application or one function.
7745778
Data Plane Development Kit


to support Linux, FreeBSD, Intel IA-32 or 64-bit, IBM POWER9 and ARM 32- or 64-bit. The EAL also provides additional services including time references, generic bus access, trace and debug functions and alarm operations. The DPDK implements a low overhead run-to-completion model for fast data plane performance and accesses devices via polling to eliminate the performance overhead of interrupt processing. The DPDK is also in the process of including the event-based programming model for fast data plane processing. The DPDK also includes software examples that
17120288
WoW64


to x86 or for 32-bit entry points if the architecture has a native 32-bit operating mode. Despite its outwardly similar appearance on all versions of 64-bit Windows, WoW64's implementation varies depending on the target instruction set architecture. For example, the version of 64-bit Windows developed for the Intel Itanium 2 processor (known as the IA-64 architecture) uses codice_2 to set up the emulation of x86 instructions within the Itanium 2's unique instruction set. This emulation is a much more computationally expensive task than the codice_2's functions on the x86-
17746302
Windows 7 editions


Windows 7, a major release of the Microsoft Windows operating system, was available in six different editions: Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, Enterprise and Ultimate. Only Home Premium, Professional, and Ultimate were widely available at retailers. The other editions focus on other markets, such as the software development world or enterprise use. All editions support 32-bit IA-32 CPUs and all editions except Starter support 64-bit x64 CPUs. 64-bit installation media are not included in Home-Basic edition packages, but can be obtained separately
3459316
Ikarus (Scheme implementation)


Ikarus Scheme is a free software optimizing incremental compiler for R6RS Scheme that compiles directly to the x86 IA-32 architecture. Ikarus is the first public implementation of a large part of the R6RS Scheme standard. Version 0.0.3 has 94% of the total R6RS forms and procedures. The compiler developer, Abdulaziz Ghuloum, was a Ph.D. student at Indiana University under R. Kent Dybvig, the developer of Chez Scheme, who has influenced the development of Ikarus. Some of the ideas behind the design of Ikarus Scheme are detailed in "An Incremental Approach
14027416
Delphi (IDE)


Delphi is an integrated development environment (IDE) for rapid application development of desktop, mobile, web, and console software, developed by Embarcadero Technologies. It is also an event-driven language. Delphi's compilers use their own Object Pascal dialect of Pascal and generate native code for Microsoft Windows, macOS (IA-32 only), iOS, Android and Linux (x64 only). Since 2016, there have been new releases of Delphi every six months, with new platforms being added approximately every second release. Delphi includes a
1430972
Celeron


Celeron is a brand name given by Intel to a number of different low-end IA-32 and x86-64 computer microprocessor models targeted at low-cost personal computers. Celeron processors are compatible with IA-32 computer programs, but their performance is typically significantly lower when compared to similar CPUs with higher-priced Intel CPU brands. For example, the Celeron brand will often have less cache memory, or have advanced features intentionally disabled. These missing features can have a variable impact on performance, but is often very substantial. While a
1026913
Microprocessor


the architecture's design in the early 90s and was not a major cause of incompatibility. Existing integer registers are extended as are all related data pathways, but, as was the case with IA-32, both floating point and vector units had been operating at or above 64 bits for several years. Unlike what happened when IA-32 was extended to x86-64, no new general purpose registers were added in 64-bit PowerPC, so any performance gained when using the 64-bit mode for applications making no use of the larger address space is minimal
19776531
Foreign exchange hedge


should be disclosed in the footnotes. This seems fairly straightforward, but IASB has issued two standards to help further explain this procedure. The International Accounting Standards IAS 32 and 39 help to give further direction for the proper accounting of derivative financial instruments. IAS 32 defines a “financial instrument” as “any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity”. Therefore, a forward contract or option would create a financial asset for one entity and a financial liability
19945455
HelenOS


2013 program. The source code of HelenOS is published under the BSD licence, while some third-party components are available under the GNU General Public License. Both of these licences are free software licences, making HelenOS free software. HelenOS runs on several different CPU architectures including ARM, x86-64, IA-32, IA-64 (Itanium), MIPS, PowerPC (32-bit only), SPARC V9 and RISC-V. At some point in time, various versions of HelenOS ran on real hardware from each architecture (as opposed to
3762699
Processor supplementary capability


new capabilities introduced over several generations of design. Some of these capabilities have then seen widespread adoption by programmers, spurring consumer upgrades and making the previous generations of processors obsolete. Processor Supplementary Instructions are instructions that have been implemented on certain processors within a family, but are not present on all processors within a particular family. The following instructions are considered to be processor supplementary instructions on IA-32 architecture. These instructions were added to later production processors, and are not part of the original IA-32 instruction set. Programs containing these instructions may
4177260
Windows 8 editions


This restriction does not apply to end-users, who can still change the default search engine freely after installation. It is otherwise identical to the base edition. The following in-place upgrade paths are supported from Windows 7. Note that it is only possible to upgrade from an IA-32 version of Windows 7 to an IA-32 version of Windows 8; an x64 version of Windows 7 can only be upgraded to an x64 version of Windows 8. The retail package entitled Windows 8 Pro Upgrade was restricted to upgrading a computer with
6747026
Windows NT


including IA-32, MIPS, and DEC Alpha; support for PowerPC, Itanium, x64, and ARM were added later. The latest versions support x86 (more specifically IA-32 and x64) and ARM. Major features of the Windows NT family include Windows Shell, Windows API, Native API, Active Directory, Group Policy, Hardware Abstraction Layer, NTFS, BitLocker, Windows Store, Windows Update, and Hyper-V. It has been suggested that Dave Cutler intended the initialism "WNT" as a play on VMS, incrementing each
7479456
GNU Mach


GNU Mach is an implementation of the Mach microkernel. It is the default microkernel in the GNU Hurd. GNU Mach runs on IA-32 machines. GNU Mach is maintained by developers on the GNU project. It is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). Early versions of the Hurd were developed on top of CMU's Mach 3.0. In 1994, CMU stopped working on Mach, and the GNU Project switched to the University of Utah's Mach 4. The kernel known as "GNU Mach"
16888761
HotSpot


JVM and the Java Development Kit (JDK) were licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2. This is the code that became part of Java 7.). As with the entire Java Development Kit (JDK), HotSpot is supported by Oracle Corporation on Windows, Linux, macOS, and Solaris. Supported instruction set architectures (ISAs) are IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7 VFP, ARMv8 and SPARC (Solaris only). Ports are also available by third parties for various other Unix operating
21994488
Phoenix-RTOS


. The decision to abandon the development of Phoenix and write the Phoenix-RTOS from scratch was taken by its creator in 2004. In 2010, the Phoenix Systems company was established, aiming to commercialize the system. Phoenix-RTOS 2.0 is based on a monolithic kernel. Initially versions for the IA-32 processor and configurable eSi-RISC were developed. In cooperation with NXP Semiconductors, Phoenix-RTOS 2.0 was also adapted to the Vybrid (ARM Cortex-A5) platform. This version is equipped with PRIME (Phoenix-PRIME
2225281
Gnash (software)


of the GNU GPL. However, since Gnash was started using the codebase of the gameswf project, which is in the public domain, code developed by the Gnash project which might be useful in gameswf is placed in the public domain. Adobe only provides an outdated version (11.2) of its official player for Linux on IA-32 and an AMD64 developer preview release in a binary-only form. Gnash, however, can be compiled and executed on many architectures, including x86, ARM, MIPS, and PowerPC. It also
2807618
IA-32 Execution Layer


every piece of code at a basic block level, adding certain instrumentation for detecting hot code; then hot code was dynamically optimized at a super-block level, and the optimized translated code replaced cold code on the fly. Later interpretation engine was added that allowed to avoid altogether translation of code executed just a few times - cold non-optimized translation became thus the second phase, and hot optimized translation became the third phase. IA-32 Execution Layer supported self-modified code, and could even optimize it quite well. Part
15514401
NetBSD


, whether it is in a PCI slot on an IA-32, Alpha, PowerPC, SPARC, or other architecture with a PCI bus. Also, a single driver for a specific device can operate via several different buses, like ISA, PCI, or PC Card. In comparison, Linux device driver code often must be reworked for each new architecture. As a consequence, in porting efforts by NetBSD and Linux developers, NetBSD has taken much less time to port to new hardware. This platform independence aids the development of embedded
20015224
Paldo (operating system)


paldo ("pure adaptable linux distribution") is a computer operating system built on top of the Linux kernel and using the GNU utilities. It was originally developed by Jürg Billeter and Raffaele Sandrini and released in 2004, mainly under the GNU GPL. paldo was developed primarily for desktop computers using the IA-32 (i686) and x86-64 architectures to utilize applications that remain as close to their upstream source as possible. It has a history of frequent stable releases starting in 2004 (generally every 3 months) and a "
21447687
ReactOS


the project via Apache Subversion since its inception. In his presentation at Hackmeeting 2009 in Milan, ReactOS developer Michele C. noted that most of the developers learn about Windows architecture while working on ReactOS and have no prior knowledge. While ReactOS targets currently mainly the x86/AMD64 PC platform, an effort to port to the ARM architecture was at one point "under way", while it didn't produce much functionality and was abandoned. Support for the Xbox, a variant IA-32 architecture, was added through the use of an architecture
4609506
GNU variants


combines the GNU userland (with the exception of libc; OpenSolaris' libc is used) and Debian's packaging and organisation with the OpenSolaris kernel. Nexenta OS is available for IA-32 and x86-64 based systems. Nexenta Systems, Inc initiated the project and sponsors its continued development. Nexenta OS is not considered a GNU variant, due to the use of OpenSolaris libc. Multiple Illumos distributions use GNU userland by default. The Cygwin project is an actively-developed compatibility layer in the form of a C library providing a substantial
802897
Watcom C/C++


Watcom C/C++ (currently Open Watcom C/C++) is an integrated development environment (IDE) product from Watcom International Corporation for the C, C++, and Fortran programming languages. Watcom C/C++ was a commercial product until it was discontinued, then released as non free Open Source software under the name Open Watcom C/C++. It features tools for developing and debugging code for DOS, OS/2, Windows, Linux operating systems, which are based upon x86, IA-32, x86-64 compatible processors. Though
10531655
The Rootkit Arsenal


The Rootkit Arsenal: Escape and Evasion in the Dark Corners of the System is a book written by Bill Blunden, published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers in May 2009. The book takes the reader in depth about rootkit technology and uses. It covers topics such as IA-32 assembly, the Windows system architecture, kernel debugging, advanced rootkit development, and much more concerning rootkit technology and how it can be applied onto e.g. white hat hacking. The book also provides many source code examples on rootkit development and how to properly use it
10664949
Nexenta OS


Nexenta OS, officially known as the Nexenta Core Platform, is a discontinued computer operating system based on OpenSolaris and Ubuntu that runs on IA-32- and x86-64-based systems. It emerged in fall 2005, after Sun Microsystems started the OpenSolaris project in June of that year. Nexenta Systems, Inc. initiated the project and sponsored its development. Nexenta OS version 1.0 was released in February 2008. In late 2011, the Nexenta OS brand was terminated and replaced with Illumian, which is derived from community development for illumos and OpenIndiana, but
20182712
SSE4


SSE4 (Streaming SIMD Extensions 4) is a SIMD CPU instruction set used in the Intel Core microarchitecture and AMD K10 (K8L). It was announced on September 27, 2006, at the Fall 2006 Intel Developer Forum, with vague details in a white paper; more precise details of 47 instructions became available at the Spring 2007 Intel Developer Forum in Beijing, in the presentation. SSE4 is fully compatible with software written for previous generations of Intel 64 and IA-32 architecture microprocessors. All existing software continues to run correctly without modification
3287972
Transterpreter


The transterpreter is computer software, an interpreter for the transputer, is a virtual machine for the programming language occam-π (occam-pi), and a portable runtime for the KRoC compiler. It is designed for education and research in concurrency and robotics. The transterpreter was developed at the University of Kent. The transterpeter has made it possible to easily run occam-π programs on platforms such as the Lego Mindstorms RCX, Arduino, IA-32, SPARC, MIPS, and the Cell BE, on the operating systems Linux
17423995
32-bit


which had 24-bit addressing), the Intel IA-32 32-bit version of the x86 architecture, and the 32-bit versions of the ARM, SPARC, MIPS, PowerPC and PA-RISC architectures. 32-bit instruction set architectures used for embedded computing include the 68000 family and ColdFire, x86, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, and Infineon TriCore architectures. On the x86 architecture, a 32-bit application normally means software that typically (not necessarily) uses the 32-bit linear address space (or flat memory model) possible with the 80386 and later chips.
2821033
X86


and use the transition to 64-bit desktop computers for a transition away from the x86 architecture in general, an experiment which ultimately failed. In 2001, Intel attempted to introduce a non-x86 64-bit architecture named IA-64 in its Itanium processor, initially aiming for the high-performance computing market, hoping that it would eventually replace the 32-bit x86. While IA-64 was incompatible with x86, the Itanium processor did provide emulation capabilities for translating x86 instructions into IA-64, but this affected the performance of x86 programs so badly that it was rarely
15296328
Seismic Unix


visit to SEP Einar introduced SY to Shuki Ronen, then a graduate student at Stanford. Ronen further developed SY from 1984 to 1986. Other students at SEP started to use it and contributed code and ideas. SY was inspired by much other software developed at SEP and benefited from the foundations laid by Claerbout and many of his students; Rob Clayton, Stew Levin, Dave Hale, Jeff Thorson, Chuck Sword, and others who pioneered seismic processing on Unix in the seventies and early eighties. In 1986, Shuki Ronen brought
18510115
Government Security Classifications Policy


various commercial practices. The NAO report "Protecting Information across Government" (Sep 2016) was somewhat critical of the move to this model and the adoption of GSCP overall Existing published guidance continues to suggest that storage media which hold UK government data should still be destroyed or purged according to HMG IA Policy No. 5, however terminology in this guidance and other material has not been updated fully to reflect the changes from GPMS protective markings to GSCP classifications and as such its value is now arguably somewhat reduced as a published standard.
1607002
272nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)


the following regiments & formations. Generalleutnant Friedrich August Schack (15 Dec 1943 to 3 Sep 1944) Ia (Operations Officer): Oberstleutnant i.G. Hubert Werner On 25 July 1944, after a preliminary barrage lasting upwards of five hours, forces of the II Canadian Corps initiated a massive offensive across a seven-kilometer front, stretching from the Orne River to Bourguebus Ridge, along the entire northern slope of Verrières Ridge. Although initial successes were made by Canadian forces, strong adherence to defensive doctrine by German forces across the
6487780
SEP-363856


SEP-363856 (also known as SEP-856 for short) is an investigational antipsychotic that is undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease psychosis. The medication is being developed by the pharmaceutical companies Sunovion Pharmaceuticals and PsychoGenics Inc. The adverse effect profile of SEP-363856 differs from that of other antipsychotics because its mechanism of action does not involve antagonism of dopamine receptors in the brain, which is responsible for the drug-induced movement disorders (like akathisia) that may occur with those agents. Some adverse events reported in preliminary clinical trials
17922367
Defraggler


Defraggler is a freemium defragmentation utility developed by Piriform, which can defragment individual files or groups of files on computer system. Defraggler runs on Microsoft Windows; it has support for all versions since Windows XP. It includes support for both IA-32 and x64 versions of these operating systems. Defraggler can defragment individual files, groups of files (in a folder) or an entire disk partition, either by the user's command or automatically on a schedule. It supports FAT32, NTFS, and exFAT. It can also be installed as
1038772
GNU Guix


uses the Linux-libre kernel, with support for the GNU Hurd kernel under development. On February 3, 2015, the distribution was added to the Free Software Foundation's list of free Linux distributions. The following CPU architectures are supported: IA-32, x64, AArch32, AArch64 and in April 2019 work was in progress for POWER9 support. System services are a core feature in Guix System that enables the user to declaratively compose the configuration of daemons and background services and easily specify the relevant configurations. This enables the user to
11969132
X86


finished or interrupts the x86 if it needs attention because of an error.) MMX is a SIMD instruction set designed by Intel and introduced in 1997 for the Pentium MMX microprocessor. The MMX instruction set was developed from a similar concept first used on the Intel i860. It is supported on most subsequent IA-32 processors by Intel and other vendors. MMX is typically used for video processing (in multimedia applications, for instance). MMX added 8 new "registers" to the architecture, known as MM0 through MM7 (henceforth referred
15296315
Mpv (media player)


along with having an Android port called mpv-android. It is cross-platform, running on ARM, PowerPC, x86 / IA-32, x86-64, and MIPS architecture. mpv was forked in 2012 from mplayer2, which was forked in 2010 from MPlayer. The motive for the fork was to encourage developer activity by removing unmaintainable code and dropping support for very old systems. As a result, the project had a large influx of contributions. Since June 2015, the project's source code is in the process of
19450814
Phoenix-RTOS


Phoenix-RTOS is a real-time operating system designed for Internet of Things appliances. The main goal of the system is to facilitate the creation of "Software Defined Solutions". Phoenix-RTOS is the successor to the Phoenix operating system, developed from 1999-2001 by Pawel Pisarczyk at the Department of Electronics and Information Technology at Warsaw University of Technology. Phoenix was originally implemented for IA-32 microprocessors and was adapted to the ARM7TDMI processor in 2003, and the PowerPC in 2004. The system is available under the GPL license
2225280
FFmpeg


decided to fork the project under the name "Libav". The event was related to an issue in project management, in which developers disagreed with the leadership of FFmpeg. FFmpeg encompasses software implementations of video and audio compressing and decompressing algorithms. These can be compiled and run on diverse instruction sets. Many widespread instruction sets are supported by FFmpeg, including x86 (IA-32 and x86-64), PPC (PowerPC), ARM, DEC Alpha, SPARC, and MIPS. Various application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC)
2346580
MIT/GNU Scheme


MIT/GNU Scheme is a programming language, a dialect and implementation of the language Scheme, which is a type of Lisp. It can produce native binary files for the x86 (IA-32, x86-64) processor architecture. It supports the standard R7RS mostly. It is free and open-source software released under a GNU General Public License (GPL). It was first released by the developers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in 1986, as free software even before the Free Software Foundation,
3530225
CPUID


registers. Access to these areas is performed by simply using the existing load and store instructions; thus, for such devices there is no need for extending the register set for the device identification purposes. According to this note, the former Intel app note 485, which was specifically about CPUID, is now incorporated in the Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual. the manual however still directs the reader to the app note 485 for further information. The latest published version of the app note 485, dating to
4470230
Intel 80386


The Intel 80386, also known as i386 or just 386, is a 32-bit microprocessor introduced in 1985. The first versions had 275,000 transistors and were the CPU of many workstations and high-end personal computers of the time. As the original implementation of the 32-bit extension of the 80286 architecture, the 80386 instruction set, programming model, and binary encodings are still the common denominator for all 32-bit x86 processors, which is termed the "i386-architecture", "x86", or "IA-32", depending on context. The
15258054
Research Enterprises Limited


These were initially copies of the British model and were delivered as the C No. 32 Mk. I, but deliveries were slowed due to demands for glass and production facilities for the wide variety of instruments then under construction, everything from gunsights for tanks and artillery to observer's telescopes to the binoculars. By the end of the war, 326 C No. 32 Mk. I's had been delivered, along with 113 C No. 32 Mk. IA and 255 C No. 32 Mk. II. A quantity
5753728
Wednesday Theatre


24 July 1968)br 31. Lysistrata (aired 31 July 1968)br 32. "The Shifting Heart" (aired 7 Aug. 1968). Based on the play by Richard Beynonbr [Five-week hiatus]br 33. Dublin One (aired 18 Sep. 1968)br 34. Eugene Onegin (opera) (aired 25 Sep. 1968)br 35. Pagliacci (opera) (aired 2 Oct. 1968)br 36. Madame Butterfly (opera) (aired 9 Oct. 1968)br 37. Peter Grimes (opera) (aired 16 Oct. 1968)br 38. Shot Gun (aired 23
9861887
Institute of Advanced Study (Durham)


to become an IAS affiliate: The IAS is run by four directors nominally appointed by the Vice-Chancellor of the university. The directors are responsible for the academic calendar and research events of the IAS. Three of the directors are responsible for maintaining links with the IAS and are thus named after the relevant faculty. The present directors are: The advisory council works alongside the directors. It meets once a year to develop the academic calendar of the IAS and aid in its promotion through members acting as ambassadors to the IAS and
7443106
MMX (instruction set)


MMX is a single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instruction set designed by Intel, introduced in 1997 with its P5-based Pentium line of microprocessors, designated as "Pentium with MMX Technology". It developed out of a similar unit introduced on the Intel i860, and earlier the Intel i750 video pixel processor. MMX is a processor supplementary capability that is supported on recent IA-32 processors by Intel and other vendors. The New York Times described the initial push, including Super Bowl ads, as focused on "a new generation of
10594361
Ksplice


Ksplice is an open-source extension of the Linux kernel that allows security patches to be applied to a running kernel without the need for reboots, avoiding downtimes and improving availability (a technique broadly referred to as dynamic software updating). Ksplice supports only the patches that do not make significant semantic changes to kernel's data structures. Ksplice has been implemented for Linux on the IA-32 and x86-64 architectures. It was developed by Ksplice, Inc. until 21 July 2011, when Oracle acquired Ksplice and started offering support for Oracle
11600599
Speccy


Speccy, developed by Piriform, is a freeware utility software and runs under Microsoft Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Vista and XP for both IA-32 and x64 versions of these operating systems, which shows the user information about hardware and software of the computer. The information displayed by Speccy includes processor brand and model, hard drive size and speed, amount of memory (RAM), information about graphics card and operating system. Speccy is for seeing what kind of hardware is present in a system and how it is
15821501
Coreboot


for its reverse engineering efforts on firmware-specific problems following the open source release of the three letter agency software suite. CPU architectures supported by coreboot include IA-32, x86-64, ARM, ARM64, MIPS and RISC-V. Supported system-on-a-chip (SOC) platforms include AMD Geode, starting with the Geode GX processor developed for the OLPC. Artec Group added Geode LX support for its ThinCan model DBE61; that code was adopted by AMD and further improved for the OLPC after it was upgraded to
16065972
CapROS


CapROS ("Capability-based Reliable Operating System") is an open source operating system. It is a pure capability-based system that features automatic persistence of data and processes, even across system reboots. Capability systems naturally support the principle of least authority, which improves security and fault tolerance. CapROS is an evolution of the EROS system. While EROS was purely a research system, CapROS is intended to be a stable system of commercial quality. CapROS currently runs on Intel IA-32 and ARM microprocessors. CapROS is being developed
20239707
X86 calling conventions


__fastcall keyword and uses the one 64-bit calling convention instead. In Visual Studio 2013, Microsoft introduced the __vectorcall calling convention in response to efficiency concerns from game, graphic, video/audio, and codec developers. For IA-32 and x64 code, __vectorcall is similar to __fastcall and the original x64 calling conventions respectively, but extends them to support passing vector arguments using SIMD registers. For x64, when any of the first six arguments are vector types (float, double, __m128
2870366
ECos


with memory sizes in the range of a few tens or several hundred kilobytes, or for applications with real-time requirements. eCos runs on a wide variety of hardware platforms, including ARM, CalmRISC, FR-V, Hitachi H8, IA-32, Motorola 68000, Matsushita AM3x, MIPS, NEC V8xx, Nios II, PowerPC, SPARC, and SuperH. The eCos distribution includes RedBoot, an open source application that uses the eCos hardware abstraction layer to provide bootstrap firmware for embedded systems. eCos was initially developed in 1997 by
3086981
Programmable interrupt controller


known PICs, the 8259A, was included in the x86 PC. In modern times, this is not included as a separate chip in an x86 PC, but rather as part of the motherboard's southbridge chipset. In other cases, it has been replaced by the newer Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controllers which support more interrupt outputs and more flexible priority schemas. More information on the Intel APIC can be found in the "IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3A: System Programming Guide, Part 1, Chapter 10"
66923
Minix-vmd


Minix-vmd is a computer operating system which was created from MINIX, a Unix-like microkernel, and added some features such as virtual memory and X Window System support. It is free and open source software. Minix-vmd runs on IA-32 and compatible microprocessor architectures. It was written by many of the same authors who develop MINIX, at the Vrije Universiteit (VU) in Amsterdam. The acronym reputedly stands for "VU Minix Distribution". According to its authors, Minix-vmd was created to meet specific
9320233
Virtuozzo (company)


Windows at the same time on the same server. Each VPS performs exactly like a stand-alone server and can be rebooted independently. Virtuozzo for Linux became available in 2001 while a version that supports 32- and 64-bit microprocessors became available in 2005. In 2002, Virtuozzo proved that the 2.5 version of its software could run 2,500 instances of Red Hat Linux on an eight-processor Dell server. As a result, Intel partnered with Virtuozzo in 2002 to develop a partitioning technology for IA-64 processors. Linux architectures that support Virtuozzo for
1611778
DG/UX


DG/UX is a discontinued Unix operating system developed by Data General for its Eclipse MV minicomputer line, and later the AViiON workstation and server line (both Motorola 88000 and Intel IA-32-based variants). DG/UX 1.00, released in March, 1985, was based on UNIX System V Release 2 with additions from 4.1BSD. By 1987, DG/UX 3.10 had been released, with 4.2BSD TCP/IP networking, NFS and the X Window System included. DG/UX 4.00, in 1988, was a comprehensive re
19935467