Galium multiflorum [SEP] taxon rank
Galium multiflorum


Galium multiflorum is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names Kellogg's bedstraw, shrubby bedstraw, and many-flowered bedstraw. "Galium multiflorum" is native to the mountains, desert slopes, and plateaus of the Great Basin region and other drier areas of the West, where it grows in rocky soils in dry sagebrush country. The plant's range includes parts of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada and Utah. "Galium multiflorum" is a tough perennial herb
7148816
Galium obtusum


is very rare and is close to being threatened and is at a state level of concern (S2). In New Hampshire this plant is ranked as historical (SH) which means it has not been seen in years in some parts of the state and for other parts of the state the plant is ranked at endangered (E), which indicates it is at a risk of being extinct throughout a significant area it grows in. The subspecies "Galium obtusum" ssp. "filifolium" is much less widespread and only
20730076
Taxonomic rank


not to say that a taxon at any other rank may not be sharply defined, or that any species is guaranteed to be sharply defined. It varies from case to case. Ideally, a taxon is intended to represent a clade, that is, the phylogeny of the organisms under discussion, but this is not a requirement. A classification in which all taxa have formal ranks cannot adequately reflect knowledge about phylogeny. Since taxon names are dependent on ranks in traditional Linnaean systems of classification, taxa without ranks cannot be
17667712
Pittosporum multiflorum


Pittosporum multiflorum, known as the orange thorn, is a shrub growing in eastern Australia. The dense foliage provides a habitat for small birds and animals. It grows on shales or volcanic soils, from Eden, New South Wales north to Queensland. Usually in or near rainforest areas. "Pittosporum multiflorum" grows from one to three metres in height. Thickly branched with small spines. Leaves almost circular, 3 to 12 mm long, practically without leaf stalks. Mostly toothed, through rarely entire. Flowering occurs in spring or
4210797
Galium obtusum


that whorl tend to be the same size or very close in size. As of 2013 there are around 630 species of "Galium". Rubiaceae is the family that "Galium obtusum" is placed. The order of this species falls in Rubiales and there are two subspecies "Galium obtusum" Bigelow subsp. "filifolium" (Wiegand) Puff and "Galium obtusum" Bigelow subsp. "obtusum". "Galium obtusum" is the first species to diverge in lineage. This plant has very different leaves when compared to
20730070
Galium obtusum


Galium obtusm" plays a role in ecology with other plants in its environment. This study also tracked "Galium obtusum" over 16 years and found a 5% increase in frequency. In other parts of North America "Galium obtusum" can have negative impacts on the yield of agricultural crops. The Greek word "Galium" means "milk" this meaning suggest that "Galium obtusum" may have been a plant that was used in the process of curdling milk. Some people even use this flower as decoration, but its
20730073
Coenotephria tophaceata


Coenotephria tophaceata is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in mountains of central and southern Europe. The wingspan is 32–36 mm. There are two generations per year with adults on wing from May to July and again from August to September. The larvae feed on "Galium" species, including "Galium album", "Galium sylvaticum", "Galium lucidum" and "Galium verum". There are also records for "Asperula" species. Pupation takes place on the ground in a slight spinning
15686978
Galium saxatile


Galium saxatile or heath bedstraw is a plant species of the genus "Galium". It is related to cleavers. "Galium saxatile" is a perennial mat-forming herb, found on grassland, moors, heaths and woods. It can reach a height of , and flowers in the UK from May to August. The stems are hairless and four sided. Its leaves are long, with 6–8 per whorl, and are lanceolate or obovate in shape. The mountain ringlet butterfly uses the plant for nectar. "Galium saxatile
561667
Form (botany)


In botanical nomenclature, a form ("forma", plural "formae") is one of the "secondary" taxonomic ranks, below that of variety, which in turn is below that of species; it is an infraspecific taxon. If more than three ranks are listed in describing a taxon, the "classification" is being specified, but only three parts make up the "name" of the taxon: a genus name, a specific epithet, and an infraspecific epithet. The abbreviation "f." or the
7125380
Galium aschenbornii


Galium aschenbornii is a species of flowering plant in the genus "Galium", native to Mexico, Central America, Colombia and Ecuador. "Galium aschenbornii" is a climbing or trailing plant, with leaves in whorls of four, each leaf being long. Its flowers are typically red or pink (occasionally white, yellow or greenish) and actinomorphic with elongated corolla lobes, although few flowers are normally produced. "Galium aschenbornii" is found in mountainous regions of Mexico, as far north as Jalisco and San Luis Potosí,
12860003
Infraspecific name


In botany, an infraspecific name is the scientific name for any taxon below the rank of species, i.e. an infraspecific taxon. (A "taxon", plural "taxa", is a group of organisms to be given a particular name.) The scientific names of botanical taxa are regulated by the "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants" (ICN). This specifies a 'three part name' for infraspecific taxa, plus a 'connecting term' to indicate the rank of the name
20320028
Galium obtusum


Galium obtusum, the bluntleaf bedstraw, is an herbaceous plant species in the Rubiaceae family. Bluntleaf bedstraw is a wildflower native to eastern Northern America. The bluntleaf bedstraw ("Galium obutusm") is a wildflower that starts growth in spring and blooms in the summer, this plant is relatively small only growing between 8 and 30 inches in height and spreads roughly around a foot in area. One notable characteristic of "Galium obtusum" is its blunt leaf tips hence the common name Bluntleaf Bedstraw. Additionally, "Galium obtusum"
20730067
Taxon


In biology, a taxon (plural taxa; back-formation from "taxonomy") is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is not uncommon, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given
20416048
Name-bearing type


group" ranks consist of just the species and subspecies. (Note: a "species group" defined as a taxon, rather than as a category of ranks, has an unofficial rank, one of several such ranks between the subgenus and species levels sometimes used by zoologists in taxa with many species; see Taxonomic rank.) The name-bearing type of a species-group taxon (hereafter "species" for brevity) is an actual specimen or set of specimens; the "Code" recommends that great care should
5809726
Galium boreale


is native to the sub arctic and temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. It is listed as endangered in the states of Maryland and Massachusetts. "Galium boreale" is confirmed as a food plant for the larvae of "Deilephila elpenor", "D. porcellus", "Epirrhoe galiata", "Eupithecia subumbrata" and "Gandaritis pyraliata". The species "Galium boreale" was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 based on the European population. In 1818, "Galium septentrionale" Roem. & Schult. was described
304237
Galium


Galium is a large genus of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Rubiaceae, occurring in the temperate zones of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Some species are informally known as bedstraw. There are over 600 species of "Galium", with estimates of 629 to 650 as of 2013. The field madder, "Sherardia arvensis", is a close relative and may be confused with a tiny bedstraw. "Asperula" is also a closely related genus; some species of "Galium" (such as woodruff,
1542704
Galium boreale


by Johann Jacob Roemer and Josef August Schultes based on the North American population. "G. septentrionale" was determined to be a synonym of "G. boreale" in 2003. The genus "Galium" is a member of the Rubiaceae family. "Gallium boreale" is edible, with a sweet smell and taste, and can be eaten as a wild salad green. Varieties such as "Galium boreale" which do not contain the small hooks on the stem are not as palatable as the hooked varieties of "Galium",
304238
Galium uliginosum


Galium uliginosum or fen bedstraw is a plant species of the genus "Galium". It is widespread across most of Europe as well as Morocco, Western Siberia, Turkey, Kazakhstan and Xinjiang. It is reportedly naturalized in New Zealand, Greenland and the Crozet Islands. "Galium uliginosum" is a component of purple moor grass and rush pastures – a type of Biodiversity Action Plan habitat in the UK. It occurs on poorly drained neutral and acidic soils of the lowlands and upland fringe. It is found in the South West
304205
Galium leptogonium


Galium leptogonium is a plant species in the family Rubiaceae. Common name is rock bedstraw. It is found only in Australia but widespread there, found in every state except Tasmania. "Galium leptogonium " is very similar to "G. migrans." Many herbarium specimens of "G. leptogonium" were formerly labeled as "G. migrans." "Galium leptogonium " is an herb with thin, angled stems and lanceolate leaves in whorls of 4. Leaves and stems are usually covered with hairs but not always. Flowers are creamy white
20729322
Galium anisophyllon


Galium anisophyllon, common name bedstraw or gaillet, is a flowering perennial plant in the family Rubiaceae. "Galium anisophyllon" can reach a height of . It is a herbaceous plant with quadrangular and branched stem, oblong or lanceolate-linear leaves, 15 mm long and 2 mm wide. Flowers are white to yellowish-white, in loose umbels. Corolla is up to 4 mm wide. They bloom from June to September. "Galium anisophyllon" is widespread in Central and Southern Europe from France to Poland and Ukraine.
4888783
Galium andrewsii


Galium andrewsii is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names phloxleaf bedstraw, Andrews' bedstraw, and needlemat galium. It is native to California and Baja California, where grows in a number of dry habitats such as chaparral and woodland. "Galium andrewsii" is a low, clumping or mat-forming perennial herb growing no higher than about 22 centimeters. Narrow, needlelike green to grayish leaves grow in whorls of four on the slender branches. Each is up to a centimeter long and has
9437931
Botanical nomenclature


taxon (see correct name) and if a new name may (or must) be coined. Plant taxonomy is an empirical science, a science that determines what constitutes a particular taxon (taxonomic grouping, plural: taxa): e.g. "What plants belong to this species?" and "What species belong to this genus?". The definition of the limits of a taxon is called its 'circumscription'. For a particular taxon, if two taxonomists agree exactly on its circumscription, rank and position (i.e. the
15041079
Galium mollugo


Galium mollugo, common name hedge bedstraw or false baby's breath, is a herbaceous annual plant of the family Rubiaceae. It shares the name hedge bedstraw with the related European species, Galium album. "Galium mollugo" can reach a height of . The stems are square in cross-section, more or less erect with ascending branches. Starting from the axils of leaves it has inflorescences of small white flowers with a diameter of about 1 to 1.5 cm, with four petals. The flowering period extends from May to September
1023493
Rhynchosporium


Rhynchosporium is a genus of fungi that causes leaf scald disease on several graminaceous hosts. It includes five currently accepted species: "R. secalis" from rye and triticale, "R. orthosporum" from "Dactylis glomerata", "R. lolii" from "Lolium multiflorum" and "L. perenne", "R. agropyri" from "Agropyron", and "R. commune" from "Hordeum" spp., "Lolium multiflorum" and "Bromus diandrus". "R. commune" is one of the most destructive pathogens of
17395570
Polygonatum multiflorum


Polygonatum multiflorum, the Solomon's seal, David's harp, ladder-to-heaven or Eurasian Solomon's seal, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to Europe and temperate Asia. In Britain it is one of three native species of the genus, the others being "P. odoratum" and "P. verticillatum". It is a rhizomatous perennial growing to tall by broad, with arching stems of alternate leaves, and slightly necked, pendent tubular white flowers with green tips, hanging from the
304475
Synonym (taxonomy)


of Zoological Nomenclature", synonyms are different scientific names of the same taxonomic rank that pertain to that same taxon. For example, a particular species could, over time, have had two or more species-rank names published for it, while the same is applicable at higher ranks such as genera, families, orders, etc. In each case, the earliest published name is called the senior synonym, while the later name is the junior synonym. In the case where two names for the same taxon have been published
3098371
Jasminum multiflorum


Jasminum multiflorum is a species of jasmine, in the family Oleaceae. It is known as winter jasmine, Indian jasmine, downy jasmine, and star jasmine. It is called "Sanna jaaji malli" (సన్న జాజి మల్లి) in Telugu and "Kundo" (কুন্দ) in Bengali. It flowers in Indian winter. It is also called "Magha Mallika" (Sanskrit) since it flowers in Magha winter month in the Indian Hindu Calendar. It flowers so much that sometimes the flowers cover most of the leaves leaving everything
15439983
Jasminum multiflorum


the two and garlands the bride. "Jasminum multiflorum" is native to India, Nepal, Bhutan, Laos, Burma, Thailand and Vietnam. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. While Jasmine flowers are known for its attractive and intensely fragrant flower, this species does not have any scent. The species is reportedly naturalised in Florida, Chiapas, Central America, Queensland and much of the West Indies. 'Jasminum' is a Latinized form of the Arabic word, 'yasemin' for sweetly scented plants.
15439985
Dichelostemma multiflorum


Dichelostemma multiflorum is a species of flowering plant known by the common names round-tooth snake-lily, many-flower brodiaea and wild hyacinth (although the latter name is shared with a number of other taxa). It is native to California and Oregon, where it grows in hills, mountains, and inland grasslands. It is a perennial wildflower erecting a tall, naked stem topped with a spherical inflorescence of up to 35 densely packed purple or pink-purple flowers. Each flower is a tube about a centimeter long
15334963
Geranium multiflorum


Geranium multiflorum is a rare species of geranium known by the common names manyflower geranium, or manyflowered cranesbill. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from Haleakalā, the main volcano on the island of Maui. It was federally listed as an endangered species in 1992. Like other Hawaiian geraniums, this plant is known as hinahina and nohoanu. This plant is a shrub usually growing one or two meters tall but known to reach three. The flowers may be purple, pink, or white with purple veining and
19896043
Antirrhinum multiflorum


Antirrhinum multiflorum (syn. "Sairocarpus multiflorus") is a species of New World snapdragon known by the common name Sierra snapdragon. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the central Coast Ranges, the Transverse Ranges, and one section of the Sierra Nevada foothills. It grows on lower-elevation mountain slopes and springs up in disturbed and recently burned areas. This is an annual or perennial herb producing a hairy, erect stem which often has a woody base. It does not cling or climb like some
9437994
One Rank, One Pension


and 85 Indian Military Academy; and officers from the 14 Army Education Course; and twenty five officers and their families came from Jaipur. The movement continues to gain momentum, and perceptible increase in support and participation by former high-ranking officers of the armed forces, from Lt generals, Admirals, air marshals, Group Captains, and Colonels. Old veterans included Sep Ram Kishan, 93 years, Armoured Corp veteran of World War II; Sep Ram Bharose Yadav, 85 years, a blind veteran of 72 Medium Artillery;
8649907
PhyloCode


content of a taxon, other than the type, is not specified by the rank-based codes. In contrast, under phylogenetic nomenclature, the content of taxa are delimited using a definition that is based on phylogeny (i.e., ancestry and descent) and uses specifiers (e.g., species, specimens, apomorphies) to indicate actual organisms. The formula of the definition indicates an ancestor. The defined taxon, then, is that ancestor and all of its descendants. Thus, the content of a phylogenetically defined taxon relies on
4227015
Taxonomic rank


given names. Alternative approaches, such as using circumscriptional names, avoid this problem. There are no rules for how many species should make a genus, a family, or any other higher taxon (that is, a taxon in a category above the species level). It should be a natural group (that is, non-artificial, non-polyphyletic), as judged by a biologist, using all the information available to them. Equally ranked higher taxa in different phyla are not necessarily equivalent (e.g., it
17667713
Phylogenetic nomenclature


Phylogenetic nomenclature, often called cladistic nomenclature, is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below. This contrasts with the traditional approach, in which taxon names are defined by a "type", which can be a specimen or a taxon of lower rank, and a description in words. Phylogenetic nomenclature is currently not regulated, but the "International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature" ("PhyloCode") is intended to regulate it once it is ratified. Phylogenetic nomenclature ties names
4744909
Sarracenia rosea


this taxon in a 1993 issue of "Rhodora", the journal of the New England Botanical Club. Schnell decided to place this taxon at the rank of variety below subsp. "venosa" as "S. purpurea" var. "burkii", honoring Louis Burk as Wherry had suggested 60 years earlier. In 1999, however, botanists Robert Naczi, then a professor of biology at Northern Kentucky University, and Frederick and Roberta Case elevated the variety to species rank, naming it "Sarracenia rosea". They compiled morphological
4498748
Galium obtusum


plant does not grow in rocky dry soils and does not grow on heavily sloped lands. It is expected for "Galium obutusm" to bloom between April and May in North America. For a large portion of the eastern North American states conservation of "Galium obtusum" is of least concern, but for some states such as Maine is it classified as potentially extirpated (PE) as it has not been found in the wild for many years and has a low probability of rediscovery in the wild there. In Vermont this wildflower
20730075
Galium laevigatum


Galium laevigatum is a species of plants in the Rubiaceae. It is native to the mountains of southern and Central Europe: the Alps, the Pyrenees and the Apennines. It has been recorded from Italy, Switzerland, France, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Slovenia and Croatia. "Galium laevigatum" is a fairly large plant for the genus, erect and up to 110 cm tall, often reproducing by means of stolons running along the surface of the ground. Leaves are in whorls of 6-8, each lanceolate and
21050448
Lampropteryx otregiata


Lampropteryx otregiata, the Devon carpet, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found from western Europe (from Scandinavia south to the Alps) to Japan and the Kuril Islands. The wingspan is 27–30 mm. There are two generations per year, with adults on wing in May and June and again in August and September. The larvae feed on "Asperula" and "Galium" species (including "Galium palustre" and "Galium uliginosum"). Larvae can be found from July to August. It overwinters
436426
Galium spurium


Galium spurium, the stickwilly or false cleavers, is a plant species of the Rubiaceae. It is widespread across Europe, Asia, Africa and Canada, and is naturalized in Australia. It is considered a noxious weed in many places. "Galium spurium" is an erect or reclining herb up to 50 cm tall. Stems are square in cross-section. Leaves are in whorls of 6-8, narrowly lanceolate. Flowers are in multi-flowered cymes or panicles, white or yellow-green. Many varietal and
561677
Macrostomida


The Macrostomida are a taxon of small basal free-living flatworms (Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes), which inhabit freshwater, brackish, and marine environments. The taxon name was coined by Josef Meixner (1924). There are currently about 260 named species in this taxon. As is the case for many other taxa, the taxonomic rank of Macrostomida is not very clear. Macrostomidans are small (~0.5 to 5 mm in length), and generally highly transparent microturbellarians, usually round in cross section, and with only the largest forms
13717906
Type (biology)


specimens. The type of a genus or subgenus is a species. The type of a suprageneric taxon (e.g., family, etc.) is a genus. Names higher than superfamily rank do not have types. A "name-bearing type" is a specimen or image that "provides the objective standard of reference whereby the application of the name of a nominal taxon can be determined." Although in reality biologists may examine many specimens (when available) of a new taxon before writing an official published species description,
4362871
Galium verum


Galium verum (lady's bedstraw or yellow bedstraw) is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Rubiaceae. It is widespread across most of Europe, North Africa, and temperate Asia from Israel and Turkey to Japan and Kamchatka. It is naturalized in Tasmania, New Zealand, Canada, and the northern half of the United States. It is considered a noxious weed in some places. "Galium verum" is a low scrambling plant, with the stems growing to long, frequently rooting where they touch the ground. The leaves
1017460
Galium odoratum


woodruff, sweet woodruff, and wild baby's breath; master of the woods would be a literal translation of the German "Waldmeister". It is sometimes confused with "Galium triflorum" and "Galium verum". It owes its sweet smell to the odiferous agent coumarin, and is sometimes used as a flavoring agent due to its chemical content. The leaves are simple, lanceolate, glabrous, long, and borne in whorls of 6–9. The small (4–7 mm diameter) flowers are produced in cymes, each white
1542889
Galium triflorum


Galium triflorum (also known as cudweed, sweet-scented bedstraw, and fragrant bedstraw) is a herbaceous plant of the family Rubiaceae. It is widespread in northern Europe (Scandinavia, Switzerland, Russia, Baltic States), eastern Asia (Kamchatka, Japan, Korea, Guizhou, Sichuan, India, Nepal) and North America (from Alaska and Greenland south to Veracruz). The plant is considered a noxious weed in New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut and Massachusetts. "Galium triflorum" grows
15576531
Galium palustre


Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont and New Hampshire. It is considered naturalized in Kamchatka, Australia, New Zealand and Argentina. In Britain, "Galium palustre" is part of the British NVC Community M23 (Juncus effusus/acutiflorus – Galium palustre rush-pasture). It is a component of Purple moor grass and rush pastures - a type of Biodiversity Action Plan habitat in the UK. It occurs on poorly drained neutral and acidic soils of the lowlands and upland fringe. It is found in the South West of
17270514
Galium rotundifolium


Galium rotundifolium (round-leaved bedstraw) is a plant species of the Rubiaceae. It is widespread across most of Europe, with the range extending into Morocco, the Caucasus, and southwest Asia from Turkey to Afghanistan. There are also reports of isolated populations in Vietnam, Sabah and Java. "Galium rotundifolium" is an erect herb. Leaves are broadly ovate, almost round, usually in whorls of 4, with prominent veins. Flowers are in a widely branching terminal panicle. Fruits are green, with long hooked hairs
561411
Correct name


there are two or more legitimate names for the same taxon (with the same circumscription, position and rank), then the correct name is the one which has priority, i.e. it was published earliest, although names may be conserved if they have been very widely used. Validly published names other than the correct name are called synonyms. Since taxonomists may disagree as to the circumscription, position or rank of a taxon, there can be more than one correct name for a particular plant. These may also be called synonyms.
19338400
Banksia aquilonia


geographically distinct from other infraspecific taxa. They also noted that there were no intermediate plants between what was then known as "B. integrifolia" var. "aquilonia" and other populations of "B. integrifolia". On this basis they would have liked to promote it to species rank, but did not because their inferred phylogeny suggested that this taxon arose from within "B. integrifolia". They were unwilling to render "B. integrifolia" paraphyletic by elevating this taxon to species rank, and they were equally unwilling to elevate all four
21331511
Drosera gigantea


geniculata", that grows to tall in black sandy soils near Perth and to its south. Jan Schlauer disagreed with Marchant and Lowrie's decision to give the new taxon a rank of subspecies and thus published a new combination of the taxon at the rank of variety in a 1996 issue of the "Carnivorous Plant Newsletter". He argued that subspecies should be reserved for those occasions where allopatric, or geographically isolated, speciation occurred and varieties are best used in cases where sympatric speciation is suspected. Others disagree with this assessment,
2758435
Anaspidea


somewhat resemble the ears of a hare. Many older textbooks and websites refer to this suborder as Anaspidea. The original author Paul Henri Fischer described the taxon Anaspidea at unspecified rank above family. In 1925 Johannes Thiele established the taxon Anaspidea as a suborder. Since the taxon Anaspidea was not based on an existing genus, this name is no longer available according to the rules of the ICZN. Anaspidea has been replaced in the new Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) by the clade Aplysiomorpha. The scientific name
4362472
British NVC community W1 (Salix cinerea – Galium palustre woodland)


NVC community W1 ("Salix cinerea - Galium palustre" woodland) is one of the woodland communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system; it is one of seven woodland communities in the NVC classed as "wet woodlands". This is a community with a widely scattered distribution in the lowlands of Britain. There are no subcommunities. Two constant species are found in this community, Grey Willow ("Salix cinerea") and Common Marsh-bedstraw ("Galium palustre"). One rare species, Tufted Loosestrife (
10230587
Galium album


Galium album, the white bedstraw or hedge bedstraw, is a herbaceous annual plant of the family Rubiaceae. The stems can grow to at least 150 cm and are more or less erect with ascending branches. The stem is square in section with slight flanges. The plant is relatively hairless with shiny leaves and stem. Flowers are white or yellowish. The fruit are hairless. "Galium album" is widespread over much of Europe, being native to a large region from Britain to Morocco, east to Turkey and Western Siberia.
1023219
Galium mollugo


. "Galium mollugo" commonly occurs in hedges, bushes, paths, meadows and slopes at an elevation up to above sea level. "Galium mollugo" is widely distributed in Europe and North Africa from Denmark, Portugal and Morocco east to the Altay region of Siberia and to the Caucasus. It is naturalized in the Russian Far East, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Greenland, Argentina, Uruguay, and much of North America. It has been reported from the Rocky Mountains, the Cascade Range, the Sierra Nevadas and
1023494
Galium aparine


of some debate, but it is considered to be native there in most literature. It is considered a noxious weed in many places. For some people, skin contact with "Galium aparine" causes an unpleasant localized rash known as contact dermatitis. Chemical constituents of "Galium aparine" include: iridoid glycosides such as asperulosidic acid and 10-deacetylasperulosidic acid, asperuloside, monotropein and aucubin, alkaloids such as caffeine, phenolics such as phenolic acids, anthraquinone derivatives such as the aldehyde nordamnacanthal (1,3-dihydroxy-anthraquinone-2-al), flavonoids and coumarins,
13176421
Galium concinnum


Galium concinnum, the shining bedstraw, is a plant species in the Rubiaceae. It is native to the Midwestern United States and central Canada, especially the Great Lakes Region and the Valleys of the Ohio, lower Missouri, and upper Mississippi Rivers. The range extends from eastern Oklahoma to eastern Nebraska, north to Ontario and east to Virginia and New York. It is reportedly naturalized in Utah and considered a noxious weed in Pennsylvania. "Galium concinnum" is a reclining, profusely branched herb with narrow linear leaves in whorls of
20488881
Galium obtusum


it competes with agricultural crops. Western North America is completely absent of the plant. Habitats for "Galium obtusum" can vary, it is found at either full sun or partial sun environments and it can be found in areas such as deciduous forest and wetlands and is typically found growing among trees, bushes, in meadows, beside rivers, and can even be found along shorelines. A study conducted in Kalsow Prairie, Iowa showed that "Galium obtusm" showed positive intraspecific association with a large variety of species suggesting that "
20730072
Galium rubioides


Galium rubioides (European bedstraw) is a species of plants in the family Rubiaceae, native to Europe and Asia. Natural distribution is from Austria and Croatia east to Russia and Turkey, plus the Caucasus, Western Siberia, Kazakhstan, northern China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Xinjiang) and the Amur region of Russia. The species is also reportedly naturalized in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. "Galium rubioides" is an erect herb up to 100 cm tall, with broad leaves up to 20 cm long
20803944
Galium montis-arerae


Galium montis-arerae, the Pizzo Arera bedstraw, is a rare plant species in the Rubiaceae. It is named after the mountain called Pizzo Arera, in the Bergamo Alps of Lombardia region in northern Italy. It is found only in the range from Monte Pegherolo to Concarena in Bergamasque Prealps. "Galium montis-arerae" is an ascending, caespitose herb. Stems are square in cross-section, up to 40 cm long. Leaves are in whorls of 6-8 narrowly oblanceolate leaves, thick and somewhat succulent.
20993114
Galium minutulum


Galium minutulum is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to Spain, Portugal, France and Italy. Some of the Italian collections are located on the island of Sardinia, others inside Arcipelago Toscano National Park, located on a chain of islands off the coast of Tuscany. Many of the French populations are on the Hyères Islands in Provence. "Galium minutulum" is a diminutive plant, rarely more than 10 cm tall, and usually trailing along the ground. Flowers are generally less than 1 mm in
21050236
Galium megalospermum


Galium megalospermum, the Swiss bedstraw or big-seeded bedstraw, is a plant species in the Rubiaceae. It is native to the Alps in Central Europe (eastern France, Switzerland, Austria, southern Germany and northern Italy). "Galium megalospermum" is a low-lying plant rarely more than 5 cm tall, forming clumps, very often in narrow places between rocks. Leaves are whorled, usually 6 or 7 per node, egg-shaped, thick and fleshy. Flowers are white to cream-colored, with
21050647
Galium sylvaticum


Galium sylvaticum, commonly known as Scotch mist or wood bedstraw, is a plant species of the genus Rubiaceae. Its genus name, Galium, is derived from the Greek word for "milk," apparently because some species have been used to curdle milk. It is native to central Europe: France, Italy, Germany, Poland, the former Yugoslavia and smaller countries in between. It is also naturalized in scattered locations in North America (Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Ontario, Michigan, Illinois
561711
Galium angustifolium


Galium angustifolium is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name narrowleaf bedstraw. It is native to California (including the Channel Islands) and Baja California, where it is most commonly found at low elevations in the mountains. "Galium angustifolium" is a stocky perennial herb or small shrub growing from a woody base and producing sprawling stems from a few centimeters to nearly a meter in length. Leaves grow in whorls of four about the stem at intervals, and the stem may branch at these points
6832959
Galium californicum


flowers and female plants producing solitary flowers. Both types of flower are generally dull yellow. The fruit is a berry covered in soft hairs. Seven subspecies of "Galium californicum", all endemic to California, are currently recognized: One of the subspecies of the plant, the El Dorado bedstraw ("Galium californicum" subsp. "sierrae") is CNPS−California Native Plant Society and State of California listed Rare plant species, and a federally listed Endangered species of the United States. It grows in the gabbro soils of the
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Galium divaricatum


Galium divaricatum is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name Lamarck's bedstraw. The plant is native to the Mediterranean Basin and the Black Sea region, from Portugal and Morocco to Turkey and Crimea; as well as the Macaronesia archipelago of the eastern Atlantic Ocean, on the Azores, Canary Islands, and Madeira. It has naturalized in Belgium, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii and scattered locations in the mainland United States. "Galium divaricatum"is a small annual herb with thin spreading stems
7148602
Galium matthewsii


Galium matthewsii is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names bushy bedstraw and Matthews' bedstraw. It is native to the mountains and deserts of southeastern California (Kern, Inyo and San Bernardino Cos), and southern Nevada (Clark and Esmeralda Cos). "Galium matthewsii" is a shrubby perennial growing from a woody base and reaching heights of about 20 to 30 centimeters. It forms short, thin, tangled masses. The small, sharp-pointed leaves grow in whorls of four about
7148778
Galium porrigens


Galium porrigens is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names graceful bedstraw and climbing bedstraw. It is native to the west coast of North America from Oregon to Baja California. "Galium porrigens" can be found in many habitats from forest to coastal shrubland, and is often a member of the chaparral plant community. This is a small, woody perennial herb with climbing stems. It is covered in tiny prickly hairs which help it climb and hang. Leaves are arranged in whorls of four about
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Galium ambiguum


Yolla Bolly bedstraw is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to British Columbia, northern California and southeastern Oregon. It has for years been known by the scientific name Galium ambiguum, but under the international rules of nomenclature this use of the name is unacceptable because it was already used for a French plant before Wight applied it to this American species. The provisional name "Galium stebbinsii" has been suggested, but this is at yet (May 2014) unpublished, so another name could eventually be chosen instead.
7498267
Galium tricornutum


Galium tricornutum is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names rough corn bedstraw, roughfruit corn bedstraw, and corn cleavers. It is widespread across most of Europe plus northern Africa and southern Asia, from Norway, Portugal and Morocco to China. It is also naturalized in Australia, the Canary Islands, Mauritius, Madeira, Réunion, Brazil, Argentina, and scattered locales in North America (mostly California and Oregon). "Galium tricornutum" is an annual herb with trailing or climbing stems up
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Galium hardhamae


Galium hardhamae (often misspelled ""Galium hardhamiae"") (note added May 2014: "hardhamiae" is the correct spelling per Article 60C1 of the ICN) is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name Hardham's bedstraw. It is endemic to the Santa Lucia Range of southern Monterey County and northern San Luis Obispo County in California. It is a member of the serpentine soils flora in these coastal mountains. This is a perennial herb forming mats or clumps of stems no more than
7819118
Galium ruwenzoriense


Galium ruwenzoriense is a member of the family Rubiaceae which grows at the mid-altitudes of 2,700 to 4,050 meters (8,900 – 13,300 ft) in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Zaïre (Congo-Kinshasa or Democratic Republic of the Congo). "Galium ruwenzoriense" forms vines, and spreads vegetatively by means of runners. It climbs, attaching to surfaces with rows of small hooks along the edges of its leaves and stems It has bristly leaves, deep red or even black berries, and small, light green
8025238
Galium murale


Galium murale is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names small goosegrass, yellow wall bedstraw and tiny bedstraw. It is native to the Mediterranean Basin of southern Europe and northern Africa, and the Middle East from Turkey and the Caucasus east to Iran and south to Saudi Arabia and Somalia. It is also considered native to the Canary Islands, Madeira and the Azores. It is naturalised in Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile and California. "Galium murale" is an annual herb producing
8070256
Galium serpenticum


Galium serpenticum is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name intermountain bedstraw or many-flowered bedstraw. It is native to the northwestern United States, where it grows in mountain forests and meadows, mostly east of the crest of the Cascade Range. It occurs in Washington, Oregon, Idaho and extreme northern California (Trinity, Siskiyou and Modoc Counties). "Galium serpenticum" is a perennial herb forming tufts of erect stems up to about 30 centimeters tall with woody bases. The stems are
9133628
Phylogenetic nomenclature


rank changed, even if it has precisely the same members (i.e. the same circumscription); and it is logically inconsistent with all taxa being monophyletic. Especially in recent decades (due to advances in phylogenetics), taxonomists have named many "nested" taxa (i.e. taxa which are contained inside other taxa). No system of nomenclature attempts to name every clade; this would be particularly difficult in traditional nomenclature since every named taxon must be given a lower rank than any named taxon in which it is nested, so the
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Galium jepsonii


Galium jepsonii, with the common name Jepson's bedstraw, is a rare flowering plant species in the Rubiaceae — Madder family. The species name honors renowned California botanist Willis Linn Jepson. The plant is endemic to Southern California, native to open Red fir forest habitats in the Eastern Transverse Ranges. It is found in the San Bernardino Mountains and San Gabriel Mountains, within Los Angeles County and San Bernardino County. It grows form in elevation. "Galium jepsonii" is a perennial herb, growing in small erect clumps from in
20547360
Galium bifolium


Galium bifolium is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names twinleaf bedstraw and low mountain bedstraw. It is native to western North America from British Columbia south to California and east to New Mexico, Colorado, South Dakota and Alberta. It grows in mountain forests and high-elevation plateaus. "Galium bifolium" is an annual herb standing erect to a maximum height of about 15 centimeters. Leaves grow in whorls of four divided into two pairs. The foliage is hairless and sometimes slightly fleshy.
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Galium bolanderi


Galium bolanderi is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name Bolander's bedstraw. It is native to the mountains of California and southern Oregon. It is a resident of mountain forests and chaparral slopes. "Galium bolanderi" is a stout perennial herb or small shrub growing from a woody base. It produces sprawling or climbing stems up to 25 centimeters long which may be hairless to hairy. Small pointed leaves grow in whorls of four divided into two pairs at intervals along the stem, which may
6833015
Galium californicum


Galium californicum is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name California bedstraw. The plant is endemic to California. It grows mainly in moist, shady habitats in hills and mountainous areas, often within the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion. "Galium californicum" is a variable plant in the form of a small perennial herb to a sprawling woody-based shrub approaching in height. Its stems and small oval-shaped leaves are hairy. The plant is dioecious with male plants producing small clusters of staminate
6937693
Galium grande


Galium grande is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name San Gabriel bedstraw. This uncommon plant is endemic to the San Gabriel Mountains of Los Angeles County, California. "Galium grande" is a large, tough perennial herb forming masses of hairy climbing stems from a woody base. Stems reach about half a meter in length and root where their nodes touch the ground. The small, pointed leaves are arranged in whorls of four about the stem. They are dark green and hairy. The
7148632
Galium grayanum


Galium grayanum is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name Gray's bedstraw. It is native to the high mountains of northern California, western Nevada and southwestern Oregon. "Galium grayanum" is a mat-forming perennial herb that grows in green carpet-like patches amongst the rock litter of mountain slopes. Its creeping stems may reach up to about 20 centimeters long. Leaves are arranged in whorls of four at intervals on the stem. They are oval-shaped, pointed, slightly fleshy
7148652
Galium glabrescens


Galium glabrescens is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name Castle Lake bedstraw. It is native to the mountains of far northern California and southern Oregon, including the Klamath Mountains. "Galium glabrescens" is a perennial herb producing an erect stem up to about 30 centimeters tall from a woody base. The stems have widely spaced whorls of four oval-shaped leaves. The plant is dioecious, with individuals bearing either male or female flowers. Both types of flowers are yellowish to reddish and borne
7498953
Galium hypotrichium


Galium hypotrichium is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name alpine bedstraw. It is native to the western United States, where it grows in mountain and plateau habitats, including parts of the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada in California, Nevada, and Utah. "Galium hypotrichium" is a perennial herb forming mats from woody bases, sometimes taking dwarf form with stems just a few centimeters long. The stems have many whorls of four fleshy rounded or oval leaves. The inflorescences are made up of
7819128
Galium nuttallii


Galium nuttallii is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names San Diego bedstraw and climbing bedstraw. It is native to the coast and coastal Peninsular and western Transverse Ranges of southern California and Baja California, where it is a member of chaparral and pine woodland plant communities. It is also found on the Channel Islands and on the mainland as far north as Santa Barbara County "Galium nuttallii" is a climbing perennial herb producing a woody base and sprawling with thin, hanging green to red branches up
9060183
Galium sparsiflorum


Galium sparsiflorum is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name Sequoia bedstraw. It is endemic to California, where it grows in shaded habitat in certain mountain ranges, including the Sierra Nevada. "Galium sparsiflorum" is a perennial herb forming tufts of erect stems 30 to 50 centimeters tall with woody bases. The stems are ringed with whorls of four rounded to oval leaves each up to 2.5 centimeters long. The plant is dioecious, with male plants bearing clusters of flowers and female plants with usually
9133678
Galium obtusum


is indehiscent meaning that it does not open up at maturity, the fruit of "Galium obtusum" has a smooth outside and is very small only averaging around 0.4-0.5mm in length, most commonly only one seed is found per fruit but in rare instances two seeds have been found in one fruit. The leaves of "Galium obtusum" are simple with entire edges and tend to be mostly glabrous with very few hairs, the leaf arrangement is whorled and averages around four to five leaves around each whorled section. Leaves
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Synonym (taxonomy)


other purposes, if a researcher is interested in consulting or compiling all currently known information regarding a taxon, some of this (including species descriptions, distribution, ecology and more) may well have been published under names now regarded as outdated (i.e., synonyms) and so it is again useful to know a list of historic synonyms which may have been used for a given current (valid) taxon name. Objective synonyms refer to taxa with the same type and same rank (more or less the same taxon, although circumscription
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World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
557049
Abraham Halpern


in Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve from Sep. 24, 1942 to Nov. 30, 1945 in European, North Atlantic, and Pacific theatres. Rank on discharge: Petty Officer. Served in Royal Canadian Navy, 1953-1957, as follows: Medical Officer, R.C.N. Hospital, Esquimalt, BC, July to Nov., 1953. Medical Officer, H.M.C.S. "Cayuga", Nov., 1953 to Feb., 1955 - Far East (Korea). Medical Officer, R.C.N. Hospital, Cornwallis, NS, Apr., 1955 to Sep.,
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Taxon


any biological domain, but traditionally it was always used for animals, whereas "Division" was traditionally often used for plants, fungi, etc. A prefix is used to indicate a ranking of lesser importance. The prefix "super-" indicates a rank above, the prefix "sub-" indicates a rank below. In zoology the prefix "infra-" indicates a rank below "sub-". For instance, among the additional ranks of class are superclass, subclass and infraclass. Rank is relative, and restricted to a particular
20416053
Validly published name


a particular taxon and rank. Nevertheless, invalid names ("nomen invalidum", "nom. inval.") are sometimes in use. This may occur when a taxonomist finds and recognises a taxon and thinks of a name, but delays publishing it in an adequate manner. A common reason for this is that a taxonomist intends to write a "magnum opus" that provides an overview of the group, rather than a series of small papers. Another reason is that the code of nomenclature changes with time, and
14663024
Aromobatidae


The Aromobatidae are a family of frogs native to Central and South America. They are sometimes referred to as cryptic forest frogs. They are the sister taxon of the Dendrobatidae, the poison dart frogs, but are not as toxic as most dendrobatids are. The Aromobatidae were separated from the Dendrobatidae only in 2006, and some sources continue to treat these frogs as part of the Dendrobatidae. However, their position as the sister taxon is well supported, and the question is primarily about whether they should be ranked as a family or
17636105
Ozimops


30. The variation to this is the loss of a tooth in mature individuals, the upper anterior premolar, at one or both sides of the jaw. The taxon was first published as subgenus of "Mormopterus" in 2014, separating Australian groups whose diversity was reviewed and described as new species. The content of the new taxon was established or formerly cryptic taxa of Indo-Papuan species and a centre of diversity at the Australian mainland. This was elevated to the rank of genus in 2015. The arrangement of the genus
2029365
Taxon


coined a century before from the Greek components "τάξις" (taxis, meaning arrangement) and "-νομία" (-nomia meaning method). For plants, it was proposed by Herman Johannes Lam in 1948, and it was adopted at the VII International Botanical Congress, held in 1950. The Glossary of the "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" (1999) defines a A taxon can be assigned a taxonomic rank, usually (but not necessarily) when it is given a formal name. "Phylum" applies formally to
20416052
Autonym (botany)


belonged to the species (and are not included in the newly described taxon) now become a new infraspecific taxon. But as neither the type nor the final epithet has changed, there is no need for a change in author citation. The same goes for a subdivision of a genus. If a botanist creates a new subdivision of a genus, for example by dividing a large genus into two or more subgenera, sections, or series, then a new subdivision of the genus at each of the new ranks will share the
20983137
Monera


Monera () (Greek - μονήρης (monḗrēs), "single", "solitary") is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic cell organization (having no nuclear membrane), such as bacteria. They are single-celled organisms with no true nuclear membrane (prokaryotic organisms). The taxon Monera was first proposed as a phylum by Ernst Haeckel in 1866. Subsequently, the phylum was elevated to the rank of kingdom in 1925 by Édouard Chatton. The last commonly accepted mega-classification with the taxon
5726713
September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
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Tatuidris


of the tribe has been the focus of debate. Bolton (2003) was the first to suggest the taxonomic instability of "Tatuidris" within Myrmicinae and raised the genus to the level of a new subfamily, the Agroecomyrmecinae, suggesting that Agroecomyrmecinae might be the sister taxon to Myrmicinae. The subfamily rank was re-assessed by Baroni Urbani & de Andrade in 2007, this was the first attempt to include "Tatuidris" as a terminal taxon in a morphological cladistic analysis. In their study, Baroni Urbani & de Andrade identified
21404594
Correct name


In botany, the correct name according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) is the one and only botanical name that is to be used for a particular taxon, when that taxon has a particular circumscription, position and rank. Determining whether a name is correct is a complex procedure. The name must be validly published, a process which is defined in no less than 16 Articles of the ICN. It must also be "legitimate", which imposes some further requirements. If
19338399
Abelisauridae


. Abelisauridae is a family in rank-based Linnaean taxonomy, within the infraorder Ceratosauria and the superfamily Abelisauroidea, which also contains the family Noasauridae. It has had several definitions in phylogenetic taxonomy. It was originally defined as a node-based taxon including "Abelisaurus", "Carnotaurus", their common ancestor, and all of its descendants. Later, it was redefined as a stem-based taxon, including all animals more closely related to "Abelisaurus" (or the more complete "Carnotaurus") than to "
19559613