Turbonilla guilleni [SEP] taxon rank
Turbonilla guilleni


Turbonilla guilleni is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The milk-white shell has a conic shape. Its length measures 3 mm. The 2½ whorls of the protoconch are well rounded. They form a depressed helicoid spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is about one-third immersed. The five whorls of the teleoconch are somewhat inflated, well rounded, and almost
9450916
Turbonilla guilleni


appressed at the summit. They are marked on each whorl by 18 narrow, well developed, rounded, almost vertical axial ribs. Some of these ribs are developed into varices and these are distributed at irregular intervals. The intercostal spaces are about 2½ times as wide as the ribs. They are crossed by three spiral series of strong pits, of which one is at the periphery, the second a little anterior to the middle and the third about two-fifths of the space between this and the summit posterior to the median
9450917
Turbonilla guilleni


pit. In addition to these pits the intercostal spaces are crossed by many almost equally strong incised spiral lines of which 12 occur between the summit and the first pit, 7 between the first and median pit, and 8 between the median and peripheral pit. The suture is quite strongly constricted. The periphery of the body whorl is well rounded. The base of the shell is moderately long, and attenuated. It is marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs and numerous incised spiral lines of a little wider spacing than
9450918
Taxonomic rank


not to say that a taxon at any other rank may not be sharply defined, or that any species is guaranteed to be sharply defined. It varies from case to case. Ideally, a taxon is intended to represent a clade, that is, the phylogeny of the organisms under discussion, but this is not a requirement. A classification in which all taxa have formal ranks cannot adequately reflect knowledge about phylogeny. Since taxon names are dependent on ranks in traditional Linnaean systems of classification, taxa without ranks cannot be
17667712
Form (botany)


In botanical nomenclature, a form ("forma", plural "formae") is one of the "secondary" taxonomic ranks, below that of variety, which in turn is below that of species; it is an infraspecific taxon. If more than three ranks are listed in describing a taxon, the "classification" is being specified, but only three parts make up the "name" of the taxon: a genus name, a specific epithet, and an infraspecific epithet. The abbreviation "f." or the
7125380
Turbonilla hemphilli


Turbonilla hemphilli is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. "Turbonilla hemphilli" Bartsch, 1917 is a synonym of "Turbonilla vix" Pimenta & Absalão, 1998 The shell grows to a length of 13.4 mm. This species is closely related to "Turbonilla dalli", but is more slender, longer, with a more pointed apex, and smaller protoconch. The less convex whorls of the teleoconch are more numerous ribs and the aperture is more elongated .
9450928
Infraspecific name


In botany, an infraspecific name is the scientific name for any taxon below the rank of species, i.e. an infraspecific taxon. (A "taxon", plural "taxa", is a group of organisms to be given a particular name.) The scientific names of botanical taxa are regulated by the "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants" (ICN). This specifies a 'three part name' for infraspecific taxa, plus a 'connecting term' to indicate the rank of the name
20320028
Taxon


In biology, a taxon (plural taxa; back-formation from "taxonomy") is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is not uncommon, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given
20416048
Name-bearing type


group" ranks consist of just the species and subspecies. (Note: a "species group" defined as a taxon, rather than as a category of ranks, has an unofficial rank, one of several such ranks between the subgenus and species levels sometimes used by zoologists in taxa with many species; see Taxonomic rank.) The name-bearing type of a species-group taxon (hereafter "species" for brevity) is an actual specimen or set of specimens; the "Code" recommends that great care should
5809726
Turbonilla halistrepta


Turbonilla halistrepta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The shell has an elongate-conic shape. Its length measures 9.5 mm. Its color is wax yellow with a broad subsutural, narrow submedian and a broad subperipheral band of golden brown. These color markings make this species different from "Turbonilla lituyana" and "Turbonilla oregonensis". (The whorls of the protoconch are decollated). The whorls of the teleoconch are situated rather high between the sutures
9450925
Botanical nomenclature


taxon (see correct name) and if a new name may (or must) be coined. Plant taxonomy is an empirical science, a science that determines what constitutes a particular taxon (taxonomic grouping, plural: taxa): e.g. "What plants belong to this species?" and "What species belong to this genus?". The definition of the limits of a taxon is called its 'circumscription'. For a particular taxon, if two taxonomists agree exactly on its circumscription, rank and position (i.e. the
15041079
Synonym (taxonomy)


of Zoological Nomenclature", synonyms are different scientific names of the same taxonomic rank that pertain to that same taxon. For example, a particular species could, over time, have had two or more species-rank names published for it, while the same is applicable at higher ranks such as genera, families, orders, etc. In each case, the earliest published name is called the senior synonym, while the later name is the junior synonym. In the case where two names for the same taxon have been published
3098371
One Rank, One Pension


and 85 Indian Military Academy; and officers from the 14 Army Education Course; and twenty five officers and their families came from Jaipur. The movement continues to gain momentum, and perceptible increase in support and participation by former high-ranking officers of the armed forces, from Lt generals, Admirals, air marshals, Group Captains, and Colonels. Old veterans included Sep Ram Kishan, 93 years, Armoured Corp veteran of World War II; Sep Ram Bharose Yadav, 85 years, a blind veteran of 72 Medium Artillery;
8649907
PhyloCode


content of a taxon, other than the type, is not specified by the rank-based codes. In contrast, under phylogenetic nomenclature, the content of taxa are delimited using a definition that is based on phylogeny (i.e., ancestry and descent) and uses specifiers (e.g., species, specimens, apomorphies) to indicate actual organisms. The formula of the definition indicates an ancestor. The defined taxon, then, is that ancestor and all of its descendants. Thus, the content of a phylogenetically defined taxon relies on
4227015
Taxonomic rank


given names. Alternative approaches, such as using circumscriptional names, avoid this problem. There are no rules for how many species should make a genus, a family, or any other higher taxon (that is, a taxon in a category above the species level). It should be a natural group (that is, non-artificial, non-polyphyletic), as judged by a biologist, using all the information available to them. Equally ranked higher taxa in different phyla are not necessarily equivalent (e.g., it
17667713
Chemnitzia


Chemnitzia is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. According to the online database WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species), as of December 2011, some (but not all) of the species in this genus have been synonymized into the genus "Turbonilla". The genus "Chemnitzia" itself and the subgenus "Turbonilla (Chemnitzia)" d'Orbigny, 1839 have been recognized as a synonym of "Turbonilla". All of the species within this
15900457
Phylogenetic nomenclature


Phylogenetic nomenclature, often called cladistic nomenclature, is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below. This contrasts with the traditional approach, in which taxon names are defined by a "type", which can be a specimen or a taxon of lower rank, and a description in words. Phylogenetic nomenclature is currently not regulated, but the "International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature" ("PhyloCode") is intended to regulate it once it is ratified. Phylogenetic nomenclature ties names
4744909
Sarracenia rosea


this taxon in a 1993 issue of "Rhodora", the journal of the New England Botanical Club. Schnell decided to place this taxon at the rank of variety below subsp. "venosa" as "S. purpurea" var. "burkii", honoring Louis Burk as Wherry had suggested 60 years earlier. In 1999, however, botanists Robert Naczi, then a professor of biology at Northern Kentucky University, and Frederick and Roberta Case elevated the variety to species rank, naming it "Sarracenia rosea". They compiled morphological
4498748
Macrostomida


The Macrostomida are a taxon of small basal free-living flatworms (Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes), which inhabit freshwater, brackish, and marine environments. The taxon name was coined by Josef Meixner (1924). There are currently about 260 named species in this taxon. As is the case for many other taxa, the taxonomic rank of Macrostomida is not very clear. Macrostomidans are small (~0.5 to 5 mm in length), and generally highly transparent microturbellarians, usually round in cross section, and with only the largest forms
13717906
Type (biology)


specimens. The type of a genus or subgenus is a species. The type of a suprageneric taxon (e.g., family, etc.) is a genus. Names higher than superfamily rank do not have types. A "name-bearing type" is a specimen or image that "provides the objective standard of reference whereby the application of the name of a nominal taxon can be determined." Although in reality biologists may examine many specimens (when available) of a new taxon before writing an official published species description,
4362871
Correct name


there are two or more legitimate names for the same taxon (with the same circumscription, position and rank), then the correct name is the one which has priority, i.e. it was published earliest, although names may be conserved if they have been very widely used. Validly published names other than the correct name are called synonyms. Since taxonomists may disagree as to the circumscription, position or rank of a taxon, there can be more than one correct name for a particular plant. These may also be called synonyms.
19338400
Banksia aquilonia


geographically distinct from other infraspecific taxa. They also noted that there were no intermediate plants between what was then known as "B. integrifolia" var. "aquilonia" and other populations of "B. integrifolia". On this basis they would have liked to promote it to species rank, but did not because their inferred phylogeny suggested that this taxon arose from within "B. integrifolia". They were unwilling to render "B. integrifolia" paraphyletic by elevating this taxon to species rank, and they were equally unwilling to elevate all four
21331511
Drosera gigantea


geniculata", that grows to tall in black sandy soils near Perth and to its south. Jan Schlauer disagreed with Marchant and Lowrie's decision to give the new taxon a rank of subspecies and thus published a new combination of the taxon at the rank of variety in a 1996 issue of the "Carnivorous Plant Newsletter". He argued that subspecies should be reserved for those occasions where allopatric, or geographically isolated, speciation occurred and varieties are best used in cases where sympatric speciation is suspected. Others disagree with this assessment,
2758435
Anaspidea


somewhat resemble the ears of a hare. Many older textbooks and websites refer to this suborder as Anaspidea. The original author Paul Henri Fischer described the taxon Anaspidea at unspecified rank above family. In 1925 Johannes Thiele established the taxon Anaspidea as a suborder. Since the taxon Anaspidea was not based on an existing genus, this name is no longer available according to the rules of the ICZN. Anaspidea has been replaced in the new Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) by the clade Aplysiomorpha. The scientific name
4362472
Turbonilla lactea


Turbonilla lactea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The length of the shell varies between 3 mm and 8 mm. The shell consists of almost stright-sided whorls with deep, flat sutures. Its shell, marked with "thick, flat, slightly sinuous, oblique costae" that are "indistinct on the first whorl" and prominent thereafter, has a milky-white colour, on which the "Turbonilla lactea" species name is based.
12216959
Turbonilla ornata


Turbonilla ornata, common name the ornate turbonilla, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The thin, white shell is closely longitudinally ribbed and spirally striate. Its length attains 6 mm. The 10 whorls of the teleoconch are slightly convex. The suture is deep and crenulated. This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and from North Carolina to the Dominican Republic; in the Caribbean Sea off Jamaica, Guadeloupe and Martinique.
16705418
Turbonilla abrupta


Turbonilla abrupta, common name the abrupt turbonilla, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The rather stout shell is of moderate size, measuring 4 mm, and irregularly coiled. Its color is dead white. The small protoconch is transverse to the axis, with projecting whorls. The teleoconch contains nine flattened whorls. The first 3 or 4 of these enlarge quite abruptly, while below the increase is very gradual. The suture is deep and nearly straight
6262857
Phylogenetic nomenclature


rank changed, even if it has precisely the same members (i.e. the same circumscription); and it is logically inconsistent with all taxa being monophyletic. Especially in recent decades (due to advances in phylogenetics), taxonomists have named many "nested" taxa (i.e. taxa which are contained inside other taxa). No system of nomenclature attempts to name every clade; this would be particularly difficult in traditional nomenclature since every named taxon must be given a lower rank than any named taxon in which it is nested, so the
4744916
Synonym (taxonomy)


other purposes, if a researcher is interested in consulting or compiling all currently known information regarding a taxon, some of this (including species descriptions, distribution, ecology and more) may well have been published under names now regarded as outdated (i.e., synonyms) and so it is again useful to know a list of historic synonyms which may have been used for a given current (valid) taxon name. Objective synonyms refer to taxa with the same type and same rank (more or less the same taxon, although circumscription
3098374
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
557049
Abraham Halpern


in Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve from Sep. 24, 1942 to Nov. 30, 1945 in European, North Atlantic, and Pacific theatres. Rank on discharge: Petty Officer. Served in Royal Canadian Navy, 1953-1957, as follows: Medical Officer, R.C.N. Hospital, Esquimalt, BC, July to Nov., 1953. Medical Officer, H.M.C.S. "Cayuga", Nov., 1953 to Feb., 1955 - Far East (Korea). Medical Officer, R.C.N. Hospital, Cornwallis, NS, Apr., 1955 to Sep.,
12498700
Taxon


any biological domain, but traditionally it was always used for animals, whereas "Division" was traditionally often used for plants, fungi, etc. A prefix is used to indicate a ranking of lesser importance. The prefix "super-" indicates a rank above, the prefix "sub-" indicates a rank below. In zoology the prefix "infra-" indicates a rank below "sub-". For instance, among the additional ranks of class are superclass, subclass and infraclass. Rank is relative, and restricted to a particular
20416053
Validly published name


a particular taxon and rank. Nevertheless, invalid names ("nomen invalidum", "nom. inval.") are sometimes in use. This may occur when a taxonomist finds and recognises a taxon and thinks of a name, but delays publishing it in an adequate manner. A common reason for this is that a taxonomist intends to write a "magnum opus" that provides an overview of the group, rather than a series of small papers. Another reason is that the code of nomenclature changes with time, and
14663024
Aromobatidae


The Aromobatidae are a family of frogs native to Central and South America. They are sometimes referred to as cryptic forest frogs. They are the sister taxon of the Dendrobatidae, the poison dart frogs, but are not as toxic as most dendrobatids are. The Aromobatidae were separated from the Dendrobatidae only in 2006, and some sources continue to treat these frogs as part of the Dendrobatidae. However, their position as the sister taxon is well supported, and the question is primarily about whether they should be ranked as a family or
17636105
Ozimops


30. The variation to this is the loss of a tooth in mature individuals, the upper anterior premolar, at one or both sides of the jaw. The taxon was first published as subgenus of "Mormopterus" in 2014, separating Australian groups whose diversity was reviewed and described as new species. The content of the new taxon was established or formerly cryptic taxa of Indo-Papuan species and a centre of diversity at the Australian mainland. This was elevated to the rank of genus in 2015. The arrangement of the genus
2029365
Taxon


coined a century before from the Greek components "τάξις" (taxis, meaning arrangement) and "-νομία" (-nomia meaning method). For plants, it was proposed by Herman Johannes Lam in 1948, and it was adopted at the VII International Botanical Congress, held in 1950. The Glossary of the "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" (1999) defines a A taxon can be assigned a taxonomic rank, usually (but not necessarily) when it is given a formal name. "Phylum" applies formally to
20416052
Autonym (botany)


belonged to the species (and are not included in the newly described taxon) now become a new infraspecific taxon. But as neither the type nor the final epithet has changed, there is no need for a change in author citation. The same goes for a subdivision of a genus. If a botanist creates a new subdivision of a genus, for example by dividing a large genus into two or more subgenera, sections, or series, then a new subdivision of the genus at each of the new ranks will share the
20983137
Monera


Monera () (Greek - μονήρης (monḗrēs), "single", "solitary") is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic cell organization (having no nuclear membrane), such as bacteria. They are single-celled organisms with no true nuclear membrane (prokaryotic organisms). The taxon Monera was first proposed as a phylum by Ernst Haeckel in 1866. Subsequently, the phylum was elevated to the rank of kingdom in 1925 by Édouard Chatton. The last commonly accepted mega-classification with the taxon
5726713
September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
5363349
Tatuidris


of the tribe has been the focus of debate. Bolton (2003) was the first to suggest the taxonomic instability of "Tatuidris" within Myrmicinae and raised the genus to the level of a new subfamily, the Agroecomyrmecinae, suggesting that Agroecomyrmecinae might be the sister taxon to Myrmicinae. The subfamily rank was re-assessed by Baroni Urbani & de Andrade in 2007, this was the first attempt to include "Tatuidris" as a terminal taxon in a morphological cladistic analysis. In their study, Baroni Urbani & de Andrade identified
21404594
Correct name


In botany, the correct name according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) is the one and only botanical name that is to be used for a particular taxon, when that taxon has a particular circumscription, position and rank. Determining whether a name is correct is a complex procedure. The name must be validly published, a process which is defined in no less than 16 Articles of the ICN. It must also be "legitimate", which imposes some further requirements. If
19338399
Abelisauridae


. Abelisauridae is a family in rank-based Linnaean taxonomy, within the infraorder Ceratosauria and the superfamily Abelisauroidea, which also contains the family Noasauridae. It has had several definitions in phylogenetic taxonomy. It was originally defined as a node-based taxon including "Abelisaurus", "Carnotaurus", their common ancestor, and all of its descendants. Later, it was redefined as a stem-based taxon, including all animals more closely related to "Abelisaurus" (or the more complete "Carnotaurus") than to "
19559613
Gleicheniaceae


-shaped hairs. There is some dispute about ranking these ferns. They are typically placed in the order Gleicheniales. They may alternatively be considered a subclass Gleicheniatae or class Gleichenopsida, so that a distinct taxon can be established for the leptosporangiate ferns. In this case, the Gleicheniaceae are upranked to an order and receive the name Gleicheniales. Irrespective of their modern taxonomic treatment, the Gleicheniaceae were formerly included in the order Polypodiales. But the ferns in the loose sense are much too diverse a group to be shoehorned into one taxon
4344486
Taxonomic rank


by the nomenclature codes. There are seven main taxonomic ranks: kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, genus, species. In addition, "domain" (proposed by Carl Woese) is now widely used as a fundamental rank, although it is not mentioned in any of the nomenclature codes, and is a synonym for dominion (lat. dominium), introduced by Moore in 1974. A taxon is usually assigned a rank when it is given its formal name. The basic ranks are species and
17667700
Taxonomic rank


In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy. Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain, etc. A given rank subsumes under it less general categories, that is, more specific descriptions of life forms. Above it, each rank is classified within more general categories of organisms and groups of organisms related to each other through inheritance of traits or features from common ancestors. The rank
17667696
Taxonomic rank


nuclei in the domain Eukarya. The "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" defines "rank" as: "The level, for nomenclatural purposes, of a taxon in a taxonomic hierarchy (e.g. all families are for nomenclatural purposes at the same rank, which lies between superfamily and subfamily)." In his landmark publications, such as the "Systema Naturae", Carl Linnaeus used a ranking scale limited to: kingdom, class, order, genus, species, and one rank below species. Today, nomenclature is regulated
17667699
Sorbeoconcha


Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastropoda. The taxon Sorbeoconcha was named by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997. According to the older taxonomy by Ponder and Lindberg the suborders within the order Sorbeoconcha are: In the taxonomy by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the clade Sorbeoconcha was declared a taxon of unspecified rank, within the clade Caenogastropoda. It comprises the superfamily Cerithioidea, the superfamily Campaniloidea, the informal group Ptenoglossa and the clade
13363551
Stomatellinae


Stomatellinae is a subfamily of small sea snails with a brilliantly nacreous interior of the shell, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Trochidae, the top snails. In the earlier classification used in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, the Stomatellidae was included in the Archaeogastropoda, however, this taxon is now largely abandoned in favor of the more recently defined Vetigastropoda. According to Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), Williams et al. (2008) and Williams et al. (2010) this taxon underwent a rank change from family Stomatellidae to
2477997
Rhinonycteridae


in 2014. The affinities within the families Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae are sometimes found to be contrary in morphological and molecular analyses, yet resolving the phylogeny of these speciose and poorly defined groups has implication in several areas of research. The synonymy includes earlier combinations that elevated the rank through subtribe, tribe then subfamily. The taxon Triaenopini Benda & Vallo, 2009 was also reduced to a synonym for this family by the authors of the 2014 revision that elevated this taxon. The hipposiderid and rhinolophid bats are of especial interest to research into potential
1208236
La Gomera giant lizard


to be controlled. In his scientific description, the German zoologist R. Hutterer referred the subfossil remains from La Gomera to two subspecies of "Gallotia simonyi" with the differences being size related. He named these "Gallotia simonyi bravoana" and "Gallotia simonyi gomerana". Bischoff (1998) synonymized them to a single taxon. Barbadillo "et al." (1999) decided for "bravoana" when they elevated the taxon to species rank. Nogales "et al." (2001) concurred as regards species status,
14733429
Orange-spotted trevally


a /j/ sound; Forsskål used this technique to name a number of Red Sea fish species. Forsskål at first gave the new taxon subspecies status as "Scomber ferdau bajad", relating it to the mackerels, and especially "Scomber ferdau", which would later also be transferred to "Carangoides". The taxon was later given a species rank, becoming "Scomber bajad", then "Caranx bajad", before being transferred to its current position as "Carangoides bajad". The species was also independently renamed three times
15301652
Drosera subg. Lasiocephala


monograph of the family and recognizing this taxon as a series under section "Rossolis". In 1996, taxonomist Jan Schlauer argued for the recognition of this taxon at the rank of subgenus, noting that these closely related species share many affinities with subgenus "Drosera" but are different enough to warrant subgeneric status. All species in this subgenus are native to northern Australia except for "D. petiolaris", which is more widely distributed to as far as New Guinea. The plants in this subgenus or "petiolaris"-complex mostly look like variations
19625002
Synonym (taxonomy)


Given that the correct name of a taxon depends on the taxonomic viewpoint used (resulting in a particular circumscription, position and rank) a name that is one taxonomist's synonym may be another taxonomist's correct name (and "vice versa"). Synonyms may arise whenever the same taxon is described and named more than once, independently. They may also arise when existing taxa are changed, as when two taxa are joined to become one, a species is moved to a different genus, a variety is moved to a
3098366
Name-bearing type


for example, the Central American rodent tribe Nyctomyini has "Nyctomys" as its type genus and its name consists of the stem of the type genus, Nyctomy-, and the appropriate ending for a tribe, -ini. "Genus group" ranks consist of the genus and subgenus. The name-bearing type for a genus-group taxon is the type species, which must be one of the species included when that taxon ("genus" hereafter for brevity) was first formally named or, when no species were included when
5809723
Botanical name


names may also have an extra component, bringing a maximum of four parts: A botanical name in three parts, i.e., an infraspecific name (a name for a taxon below the rank of species) needs a "connecting term" to indicate rank. In the "Calystegia" example above, this is "subsp.", for subspecies. In botany there are many ranks below that of species (in zoology there is only one such rank, subspecies, so that this "connecting term" is not used in
6449289
Class (biology)


In biological classification, class () is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order. The class as a distinct rank of biological classification having its own distinctive name (and not just called a "top-level genus" "(genus summum)") was first introduced by the
15757221
Flight officer


. Flight officer was a United States Army Air Forces rank used during World War II, from 1942 to 1945; the rank being created on Sep 10, 1942 On 5 November 1942 military glider pilots were commissioned flight officers after the completion of their training. The new rank insignia was nicknamed "the blue pickle". The rank is equivalent to Warrant Officer Junior Grade (WOJG) which is today's Warrant Officer (NATO grade: W-1). Enlisted and aviation cadet trainees who successfully passed air qualification training were appointed as
18437829
Taxon in disguise


In bacteriology, a taxon in disguise is a species, genus or higher unit of biological classification whose evolutionary history reveals has evolved from another unit of similar or lower rank, making the parent unit paraphyletic. This happens when rapid evolution makes a new species appear radically different from the ancestral group, so that it is not (initially) recognised as belonging to the parent phylogenetic group, leaving the latter an evolutionary grade. While the term is from bacteriology, parallel examples are found throughout the tree of life. E.g. four-
13686091
Taxonomy (biology)


In biology, taxonomy () is the science of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped together into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super-group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (division is sometimes used in botany in place of phylum), class,
11753004
The Beeps


Sapphire Stream S2/Ep45 Apr. 29 Wash Those Socks! S2/Ep46 Dec. 12 The Bumps SEASON 3: S3/Ep1 Aug. 30 Up Down Hill S3/Ep2 Aug. 31 Caravan S3/Ep3 Sep. 6 Secret Garden S3/Ep4 Sep. 7 Bounceflower Tea S3/Ep5 Sep. 13 The Whale S3/Ep6 Sep. 14 Soggy Sockroaches S3/Ep7 Sep. 20 Stinkroots S3/Ep8 Sep. 21 Sing-a-long-a-beeps S3/Ep9 Sep. 27 History Book S3/Ep10 Sep. 28 What Goes Splat? S3
14688027
Signal Transfer Point


. SEPs send signaling messages to other SEPs, but the messages are normally routed via the SEP's adjacent STPs. An STP's main function is to identify the best path for two SEPs to communicate. A typical application would be for two SEPs to agree on the use of a shared data path (e.g., using ISUP to initiate a voice call between a user on one SEP and a user on the second SEP). In this way, STPs route signaling messages (for starting, maintaining or finishing any kind of
21819468
Turbonilla lepta


Turbonilla lepta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The milk-white shell is very slender and has an elongate-conic shape. The shell grows to a length of 2.7 mm. The 1¾ whorls of the protoconch are depressed, and helicoid. Their axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which they are very slightly immersed. The eight whorls of the teleoconch are slightly rounded. They are marked by
12216976
Turbonilla jewetti


Turbonilla jewetti is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The shell is short, and robust. Its length measures 5.5 mm. It is rose pink, but wax yellow at tip. The 2½ whorls of the protoconch are very small, low, and helicoid. Their axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which they are about one-third immersed. The eight whorls of the teleoconch are flattened, and
9450959
Signal Transfer Point


calls originated by the SEPs' attached users) while avoiding disabled intermediary STPs. A signaling message typically never goes directly from a given SEP to the destination SEP: the message would normally have to pass through the initiating SEP's adjacent STP so that it can be routed to the destination SEP. In some applications, however, SEPs might be directly connected with signaling links; this would typically be done to enhance robustness or performance between two critical SEPs. Such mesh network configurations are also common in Europe, where STPs have not
21819469
Turbonilla kelseyi


Turbonilla kelseyi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The species was named for professor F. W. Kelsey. The small shell is semitransparent. The length measures 4.7 mm. The 2¼ whorls of the protoconch are small, depressed,and helicoid. Their axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which they are about one-fifth immersed. The whorls of the teleoconch are moderately rounded. They are ornamented by somewhat
12216600
Turbonilla barkleyensis


Turbonilla barkleyensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The large, bluish-white shell is slender and has an elongate conic shape. Its length measures 9.2 mm. The 2¼ whorls of the protoconch are small, and depressed helicoid. Their axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turn, in the first of which they are slightly immersed. The 12 whorls of the teleoconch are well rounded, and appressed at the summit. They are
6262919
Turbonilla imperialis


Turbonilla imperialis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The shell has an elongate-conic shape. Its length measures 3.3 mm. Its color is milk-white, with a narrow, faint yellow band in the middle of the whorls between the sutures. There are ar least two whorls in the protoconch. They are depressed, and helicoid. Their axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which they are
9450948
Turbonilla macra


Turbonilla macra is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The very small shell is subcylindric in the middle, tapering rapidly at the apex. Its length measures 3.2 mm. The early whorls are wax-yellow, the later ones white, with a very broad, wax-yellow band at the periphery, which extends above the sutures and on the base. The whorls of the protoconch are very small, and number at least two. They form a
12216986
Turbonilla marshalli


Turbonilla marshalli is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The shell is very small and slender. Its length measures 3.6 mm. It has a light yellow color, with a darker band immediately posterior to the periphery, and another slender one about halfway between the middle of the space between the sutures and the summit. The 2½ whorls of the protoconch are depressed and helicoid. Their axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the
12217179
Turbonilla mexicana


Turbonilla mexicana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The robust dull brown shell is large and broadly conic. (The whorls of the protoconch are decollated and probably the first whorl of teleoconch is missing from the type specimen) All but the last whorl of the teleoconch are flattened, flatly shouldered and crenulated at the summit. The body whorl is inflated and well rounded. The periphery of the body whorl is marked by a strong sulcus. The sutures
12217192
Turbonilla newcombei


Turbonilla newcombei is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The shell has a regularly, broadly conic shape. Its length measures 5.4 mm. It is white on the posterior half and light brown on the anterior half of the exposed portion of the whorl. The base of the shell is white. The whorls of the protoconch are decollated in all the studied specimens. The seven whorls of the teleoconch are somewhat overhanging. They are decidedly contracted toward the periphery
16705374
Turbonilla nuttalli


Turbonilla nuttalli is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. This species was named after the English botanist and zoologist Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859). The shell is large and has an elongate-conic shape. The length of the type specimen measures 9.9 mm (with the protoconch decollated as well as probably the first turn). The shell is yellowish-white, with a light-brown area about the columella. (Nuclear whorls decollated.)
16705383
Turbonilla nuttingi


Turbonilla nuttingi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. This species was named for the American zoologist Charles Cleveland Nutting (1858-1927) The shell is long and slender. Its length measures 12.3 mm. It is wax yellow on the posterior half between the sutures but light brown on the anterior and the periphery. The 2½ whorls of the protoconch are large. They formi a depressed helicoid spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that
16705386
Turbonilla abreojensis


Turbonilla abreojensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The milk-white shell has a conic shape. (The whorls of the protoconch are decollated.) The length of the shell measures just over 5 mm. The ten whorls of the teleoconch are moderately well rounded, and very slightly shouldered at the summit. They are marked by mere indications of obsolete ribs near the summit of the early whorls, only. The sutures are well impressed. The
6262856
Turbonilla aepynota


Turbonilla aepynota is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The small, diaphanous shell has an elongate-conic shape. Its length measures 3.2 mm. The 2½ whorls of the protoconch are small and helicoid. They form a moderately elevated spire, with their axis at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which they are about one-fifth immersed. The eight whorls of the teleoconch are situated high between the sutures. They
6262867
Turbonilla approximata


Turbonilla approximata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The white shell has a tapering, elongate-conic shape. Its length measures 8.2 mm.The whorls of the protoconch are decollated. The 13 whorls of the teleoconch are flattened, slightly shouldered, and ornamented by strong, rather narrow, oblique, axial ribs. These are distinct at the summit but fuse at the periphery. Twelve of these ribs appear on the first, fifteen upon the fifth
6262896
Turbonilla attrita


Turbonilla attrita is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The bluish-white, slender shell has an elongate-conic shape. Its length measures 7.4 mm. The 2½ whorls of the protoconch are small and helicoid. Their axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which they are slightly immersed. The 12 whorls of the teleoconch are situated very high between the sutures and almost flattened. They are ornamented with very
6262909
Turbonilla centrota


Turbonilla centrota is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The milk-white shell has a very broadly conic shape.The length of the shell is 2.8 mm. It is tabulatedly shouldered. The 2½ whorls of the protoconch form a decidedly elevated spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is slightly immersed.The seven rounded whorls of the teleoconch have decidedly tabulated summits, and
7016978
Turbonilla ceralva


Turbonilla ceralva is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The milk-white shell is small and slender. Its length measures 3.7 mm. The 1¾ helicoid whorls of the protoconch are depressed. Their axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns. They are not immersed. The seven whorls of the teleoconch are situated very high between the sutures. They are moderately rounded, very slightly shouldered at the summit, and somewhat contracted at the sutures
7016980
Turbonilla clarinda


Turbonilla clarinda is a species of sea snail ;a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The bluish-white shell is semi translucent and has an elongate-conic shape. Its length is 4.7 mm. The 2½ whorls of the protoconch form a rather solute, elevated, helicoid spire. Its axis is at right angles to the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is slightly immersed. The ten whorls of the teleoconch are well rounded and appressed at the summit. They are
7016982
Turbonilla gracillima


Turbonilla gracillima is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The milk-white shell is very slender and acute, milk-white. Its length measures 3 mm. The whorls of the protoconch are prolonged, but partly lost. The eight whorls of the teleoconch are well rounded at first, and later flattened. They are moderately contracted at the periphery and slightly shouldered at the summit. They are marked by slender, almost vertical, axial ribs, of
9450914
Turbonilla halibrecta


Turbonilla halibrecta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The shell has an elongate-conic shape. Its length measures 6.2 mm. The two helicoid whorls of the protoconch are depressed. Their axis is at nearly right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which they are very slightly immersed. The nine whorls off the teleoconch are flattened in the middle, and slightly rounded toward the somewhat shouldered summit and the periphery. They are
9450919
Turbonilla heterolopha


Turbonilla heterolopha is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The shell is small and slender. Its length measures 5.5 mm. Its color is chestnut brown with a wax yellow apex The 2½ whorls of the protoconch form a depressed helicoid spire. Its axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is one-fourth immersed. The seven whorls of the teleoconch are flat. They are appressed at the summit but
9450930
Turbonilla hypolispa


Turbonilla hypolispa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The broadly conic shell is yellowish-white. The 2½ whorls of the protoconch are very small. They form a rather elevated helicoid spire. Its axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is a little more than half immersed. The 11 whorls of the teleoconch are well rounded, and slightly shouldered at the summit. They are marked by very
9450940
Turbonilla ignacia


Turbonilla ignacia is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The milk-white shell is small and has an elongate-conic shape. Its length measures 4.1 mm. The 2½ whorls of the protoconch form a depressed, helicoid spire, whose axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is about one-fifth immersed. The nine whorls of the teleoconch are slightly rounded, appressed at the summit, and
9450942
Turbonilla ima


Turbonilla ima is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The large, yellowish-white shell has an elonogate-conic shape. The early whorls are eroded). The length of the eight remaining whorls of the teleoconch measures 9.4 mm. They are situated very high between the sutures. They are slightly rounded, feebly shouldered at the summit, and somewhat contracted at the sutures. They are marked by low, rounded, somewhat sinuous, vertical
9450946
Turbonilla laminata


Turbonilla laminata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The shell has the shape of an elongate cone. Its length measures 6.25 mm. Its color is yellowish or fulvous, more or less distinctly narrowly fasciate with lighter color on the spire, and bifasciate on the body whorl. The protoconch contains two whorls. The eight whorls of the teleoconch are convex. They contain a deep suture. They are longitudinally and spirally ribbed. The interstices of the decussations
12216961
Turbonilla lara


Turbonilla lara is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The milk-white shell is small and slender. Its length measures 4.3 mm. The 2¼ whorls of the protoconch form a depressed, helicoid spire. Its axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is very slightly immersed. The nine whorls of the teleoconch are flattened in the middle, rounding slightly toward the moderately shouldered summit, and becoming somewhat
12216966
Turbonilla larunda


Turbonilla larunda is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The shell has an elongate-conic shape. It is milk-white, with a broad yellow band a little anterior to the middle of the whorls between the sutures. Its length varies between 3.6 mm and 4.3 mm. The two whorls of the protoconch form a depressed helicoid spire. Its axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, upon the first of which it rests,
12216969
Turbonilla lucana


Turbonilla lucana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The milk-white shell has an elongate-conic shape. Its length measures 6 mm. (The whorls of the protoconch are decollated). The nine whorls of the teleoconch are well rounded, slightly excurved at the summit, and weakly shouldered. They are marked by slender, sinuous, retractive axial ribs, of wliich 20 occur upon the third, 22 upon the fourth and fifth, 26
12216981
Turbonilla muricata


Turbonilla muricata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The milk-white shell has an elongate-conic shape. Its length measures 2.3 mm. The three whorls of the protoconch form an elevated helicoid spire, whose axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is almost half immersed. The seven whorls of the teleoconch are moderately rounded, somewhat contracted at the suture, and strongly shouldered at the summit
16705350
Turbonilla muricatoides


Turbonilla muricatoides is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The small, slender shell is subdiaphanous to milk white. Its length measures 3 mm. The 2½ whorls of the protoconch are helicoid but slightly elevated and well rounded. Their axis is at right angles to the axis of the teleoconch. The seven whorls of the teleoconch are smooth, rather high between the sutures, and moderately rounded. They are marked by strong sublamellar axial ribs, wliich are about
16705352
Turbonilla aculeus


Turbonilla aculeus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The very slender, diaphanous to milk-white shell has an elongate-conic shape. Its length measures 4.4 mm. The 2½ whorls of the protoconch are small.They form a small elevated helicoid spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is about one-third immersed. The twelve whorls of the teleoconch are slightly
6262862
Turbonilla adusta


Turbonilla adusta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The apel brown shell has a robust appearance. The length of the shell measures just over 6 mm. (The whorls of the protoconch are decollated). The nine whorls of the teleoconch are flattened, slightly exerted at the summit, where they are moderately squarely shouldered. They are marked by well developed, rounded, slightly retractive, axial ribs, of which 20 occur upon the second and third
6262864
Turbonilla almejasensis


Turbonilla almejasensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The milk-white shell is slender and has an elongate conic shape. Its length measures 8 mm. The 2½ whorls of the protoconch are well rounded, forming a moderately elevated spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which the tilted spire is one-fifth immersed. The type specimen has 12 or 13 (the first is
6262869
Turbonilla andrewsi


Turbonilla andrewsi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The small shell has a conic shape. Its color is light chestnut, with the umbilical area white. Its length is 2.9 mm. The 2½ whorls of the protoconch form a depressed helicoid spire, whose axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is about one-third immersed. The six whorls of the teleoconch are well rounded, and moderately
6262893
Turbonilla aragoni


Turbonilla aragoni is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The shell has an elongate-conic shape. The anterior half of whorls is chestnut brown, the rest flesh colored. The length of the shell measures 7.2 mm. The two whorlsof the protoconch form a depressed helicoid spire, whose axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is one-fifth immersed. The ten whorls of the teleoconch are well
6262898
Turbonilla asser


Turbonilla asser is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The milk-white shell has an elongate-conic shape. Its length measures 8.3 mm. The two, small whorls of the protoconch are depressed and helicoid. They have their axis at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which they are about one-third immersed. The 14 whorls of the teleoconch are well rounded, slightly overhanging, and ornamented by well developed
6262907
Turbonilla calvini


Turbonilla calvini is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The species is named for Prof. Samuel Calvin. The milk-white shell has an elongate-conic shape. The length of the shell measures 3.6 mm. The 2¾ whorls of the protoconch form a decidedly elevated helicoid spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which they are about one-fourth immersed. A complete shell would probably
7016971