In Toga Candida [SEP] author
In Toga Candida


In Toga Candida is a speech given by Cicero during his election campaign in 64 BC for the consulship of 63 BC. The speech was directed at his competitors, Catilina and Antonius, who were also running for consulship for the same year. The speech no longer survives, though a commentary on it written by Asconius does survive. The speech is called "Oratio in Toga Candida" since candidates wore specially whitened (Latin "candida") togas. Cicero used his election campaign speech to denounce his rivals and hint at secret
12686083
Candidiasis


, "C. dubliniensis", and "C. lusitaniae". The name "Candida" was proposed by Berkhout. It is from the Latin word "toga candida", referring to the white toga (robe) worn by candidates for the Senate of the ancient Roman republic. The specific epithet "albicans" also comes from Latin, "albicare" meaning "to whiten". These names refer to the generally white appearance of "Candida" species when cultured. A 2005 publication noted that "a large pseudoscientific cult"
7354036
Clothing in the ancient world


lower edge, called the toga praetexta. This toga also was worn by magistrates and high priests as an indication of their status. The "toga candida", an especially whitened toga, was worn by political candidates. Prostitutes wore the "toga muliebris", rather than the tunics worn by most women. The "toga pulla" was dark-colored and worn for mourning, while the "toga purpurea", of purple-dyed wool, was worn in times of triumph and by the Roman emperor. After the
21546095
Biblical clothing


Other styles were required, for instance, for covering the head during ceremonies. Magistrates and high priests wore a special kind of toga with a reddish-purple band on the lower edge, called the "toga praetexta" as an indication of their status. The "toga candida", an especially whitened toga, was worn by political candidates. Prostitutes wore the "toga muliebris", rather than the tunics worn by most women. The "toga pulla" was dark-colored and worn for mourning, while the "
11341559
Quintus Fulvius Flaccus (consul 179 BC)


aedile in 184 BC, Fulvius Flaccus created a furor by actively campaigning for the praetorship vacated by C. Decimius Flaccus, who died early in his term. The holding of two magistracies in a single year was prohibited, and Fulvius further violated decorum by campaigning "sine toga candida" ("without a white toga"); as a magistrate, he was required to wear the "toga praetexta" and not the pure white garment of a candidate. The senate was so opposed to Fulvius' holding another curule office that it
5795949
White


ancient Romans had two words for white; "albus", a plain white, (the source of the word "albino"); and "candidus," a brighter white. A man who wanted public office in Rome wore a white toga brightened with chalk, called a "toga candida", the origin of the word "candidate". The Latin word "candere" meant to shine, to be bright. It was the origin of the words "candle" and "candid". In ancient Rome
14245210
Elections in the Roman Republic


a "nomenclator", a slave who had been trained to memorize the names of all the voters, so that the candidate could greet them all by name. The person running for office would wear an especially whitened toga, known as the "toga candida". It is from this term that we get the modern word candidate. Some candidates may have extended their canvassing to the rural markets around Rome, once those outside the city were allowed to vote. Political rallies were not permitted in Roman elections. To attract voters
12351750
Commentariolum Petitionis


hyperbole. The third argument cannot be refuted. Though some similarities in the "Pro Murena" could be due to similar subject matter, the correlations between the extant fragments of "In Toga Candida" and the "Commentariolum" are too strong to be ignored. These correlations can be (and are) argued in the opposite direction as well, however; the similarities between the "Commentariolum" and M. Cicero's later works may be the result of M. Cicero being influenced by the letter from his brother. Henderson presents
18031907
Commentariolum Petitionis


" identifies Cicero as worthy ("dignus") of defending consulars, though at the time of his electoral campaign, Cicero had not defended anyone in court who had held the consulship. (This section of the "Commentariolum" also corresponds to a section of "In Toga Candida".) Nisbet rejects that this could simply be an allusion to potentialities on the basis that this would be bad rhetorical form. McDermott counters that Cicero may have already agreed to defend Piso, and this would be the sort of thing known
18031910
Asconius Pedianus


historical writers, e.g. Varro, Atticus, Antias, Tuditanus and Fenestella (a contemporary of Livy whom he often criticizes) -- historical commentaries on Cicero's speeches, of which only five, viz, "in Pisonem", "pro Scauro", "pro Milone", "pro Cornelio" and "In Toga Candida", in a very mutilated edition, are preserved, under the modern title "Q. Asconii Pediani Orationvm Ciceronis qvinqve enarratio". In a note upon the speech "pro Scauro", he speaks
13664554
Commentariolum Petitionis


" was not changed to mean an illegal electoral group until 59. He is joined by Nisbet (who argues against authenticity) in suggesting that the proscription of Antonius may have had a far more quotidian meaning, such as the selling of property after bankruptcy, than Henderson seems to be reading into it. Richardson finally notes that the First Catilinarian Conspiracy is not mentioned until "In Toga Candida", and as such takes its omission as proof of authenticity. Nisbet adds to the arguments of context the fact that the "Commentariolum
18031909
Candidate (degree)


"candida", meaning white. In Ancient Rome, men running for political office would usually wear togas chalked and bleached to be bright white at speeches, debates, conventions, and other public functions. The term "candidate" thus came to mean someone who seeks an office of some sort. In Scandinavia, the term was introduced in the early 18th century and referred to the higher degrees in theology, law and medicine. A candidate's degree in the relevant field (e.g. Candidate of Law) was a requirement for
2641765
First Catilinarian conspiracy


accusing different political figures in attempts to tarnish their names. As it pertains to Catiline, much of the information originates in Cicero’s speech "In Toga Candida" which was given during his election campaign in 64 BC. Only fragments of this speech still exist, in the later writing of Asconius Pedianus. The consuls-designate, Publius Autronius Paetus and Publius Cornelius Sulla, were prevented from entering office because of "ambitus", electoral corruption, under the "Lex Acilia Calpurnia". Thus, the two other leading candidates
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Toga


Guard (the emperor's personal guard as "First Citizen", and a military force under his personal command), concealed their weapons under white, civilian-style togas when on duty in the city, offering the reassuring illusion that they represented a traditional Republican, civilian authority, rather than the military arm of an Imperial autocracy. Citizens attending Rome's frequent religious festivals and associated games were expected to wear the toga. The "toga praetexta" was the normal garb for most Roman priesthoods, which tended to be the
15708606
Tokyo International Players


by Michael Fenton-Wingate Sep 1979: "Habeas Corpus" by Alan Bennett, directed by Ivan Woodhouse (staged reading; Curtain Raiser) Nov 1979: "Candida" by George Bernard Shaw, directed by Helen Mohri Dec 1979: "The Police" by Sławomir Mrożek, directed by Margaret Grogan (staged reading) Feb 1980: "6 Rms Riv Vu" by Bob Randall, directed by Robert McCarter Mar 1980: "The Shadow Box" by Michael Cristofer, directed by Tom Killough Apr 1980: "Table Manners
21381316
Pontifex maximus


magistrate, he was not allowed to wear the toga praetexta, i.e. toga with the purple border. In artistic representations, he can be recognized by his holding an iron knife "(secespita)" or the "patera", and the distinctive robes or toga with part of the mantle covering the head "(capite velato)", in keeping with Roman practice. The Pontifex was not simply a priest. He had both political and religious authority. It is not clear which of the two came first or had the
3553560
United States hydrogen policy


programs. Each states energy office gets SEP funding and manages all SEP funded projects. For more information about the SEP, including project descriptions, visit the SEP website. Clean Ports USA is an incentive-based program designed to help reduce emissions by encouraging port authorities to redesign and replace older diesel engines with new technologies and cleaner fuels. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Clean Diesel Campaign offers funding to port authorities to help them overcome the obstacles that prevent the adoption of cleaner diesel technologies. Clean Construction USA promotes the reduction
8426000
King of Rome


nominated candidate-king. The insignia of the king was twelve lictors wielding the fasces, a throne of a Curule chair, the purple Toga Picta, red shoes, and a white diadem around the head. Only the king could wear a purple toga. The supreme power of the state was vested in the rex, whose position gave the following powers: Beyond his religious authority, the king was invested with the supreme military, executive, and judicial authority through the use of imperium. The imperium of the king was held
12221724
Candida albicans


identifying the presence of a parasexual cycle (no detected meiotic division) in "C. albicans". This study of the evolution of sexual reproduction in six "Candida" species found recent losses in components of the major meiotic crossover-formation pathway, but retention of a minor pathway. The authors suggested that if "Candida" species undergo meiosis it is with reduced machinery, or different machinery, and indicated that unrecognized meiotic cycles may exist in many species. In another evolutionary study, introduction of partial CUG identity redefinition (from
19046810
Culture of ancient Rome


types of togas were also named. Boys, up until the festival of Liberalia, wore the "toga praetexta", which was a toga with a crimson or purple border, also worn by magistrates in office. The "toga virilis", (or "toga pura") or man's toga was worn by men who had come of age to signify their citizenship in Rome. The "toga picta" was worn by triumphant generals and had embroidery of their skill on the battlefield. The "toga pulla" was
2408599
Robert Seppings


the whole of the keel, the vessel remaining suspended by the shores. Soon, his creation became commonly known as "Seppings Blocks." For this invention Seppings received £1000 from the Admiralty, and in 1804 was promoted to be a master shipwright at Chatham. At Chatham, in spite of the repugnance to innovation displayed by the naval authorities of that period, he was able to introduce important innovations in the methods of ship-construction. Quoted as saying "partial strength produces general weakness", he significantly improved the
18514392
Lo-Toga language


Lo-Toga is an Oceanic language spoken on the Torres Islands of Vanuatu. Its 580 speakers live mostly in Lo and Toga, the two main islands in the southern half of the Torres group. The same language is also spoken by the small populations of the two other islands of Linua and Tegua. Lo-Toga is itself divided into two very close dialects, "Lo" (spoken on Lo island) and "Toga" (spoken on Toga). The name "Toga" has been used sometimes to refer
1881820
Oral candidiasis


the mouth. The trachea and the larynx may also be involved where there is oral candidiasis, and this may cause hoarseness of the voice. The causative organism is usually "Candida albicans", or less commonly other Candida species such as (in decreasing order of frequency) "Candida tropicalis", "Candida glabrata", "Candida parapsilosis", "Candida krusei", or other species ("Candida stellatoidea", "Candida pseudotropicalis", "Candida famata", "Candida rugosa", "Candida geotrichium"
17275552
Roman Kingdom


all elected by the people of Rome to serve for life, with none of the kings relying on military force to gain or keep the throne. The insignia of the kings of Rome were twelve lictors wielding the fasces bearing axes, the right to sit upon a Curule chair, the purple Toga Picta, red shoes, and a white diadem around the head. Of all these insignia, the most important was the purple toga. The king was invested with supreme military, executive, and judicial authority through the use of imperium
6329233
Toga


was entitled to wear some kind of toga – Martial refers to a lesser citizen's "small toga" and a poor man's "little toga" (both "togatulus") - but the poorest probably had to make do with a shabby, patched-up toga, if he bothered at all. In the early second century AD, the satirist Juvenal claimed that "in a great part of Italy, no-one wears the toga, except in death"; in Martial's rural idyll there is "never
15708576
Somatosensory evoked potential


including: Besides the clinical setting, SEPs have shown to be useful in distinct experimental paradigms. Schubert et al. (2006) used SEPs to investigate the differential processing of consciously perceived versus unperceived somatosensory stimuli. The authors used an 'extinction' paradigm to examine the connection between activation of S1 and somatosensory awareness, and observed that early SEPs (P60, N80), generated in the contralateral S1, were independent of stimulus perception. In contrast, amplitude enhancements were observed for the P100 and N140 for consciously perceived stimuli.
10173568
Toga


storage. Its added weight and friction would have helped (though not very effectively) secure toga's fabric onto the left shoulder. As the toga developed, the "umbo" grew in size. The most complex togas appear on high quality portrait busts and imperial reliefs of the mid-to-late Empire, probably reserved to emperors and the highest civil officials. The so-called "banded" or "stacked" toga" (Latinised as "toga contabulata") is distinguished by its broad, smooth, slab
15708616
Toga party


A toga party is a Greco-Roman-themed costume party where attendees wear a toga (normally made from a bed sheet) with sandals. The costumes, party games, and other entertainment often adhere to the Roman or Greek theme. Toga parties are associated with keg parties and excessive drinking, and attendees typically tend to be college or university students. The earliest known college "toga parties" took place in the early 1950s. Toga parties are recorded in the yearbooks for Theta Delta Chi (1952) and the University
4176285
Rebecca Hornbrook


in tropical locations. The 2014 CONTRAST took place in Guam with the goal of learning how convection in a tropical setting can effect the movement of atmospheric gases. 2009 marked Hornbrook's first year with the Trace Organic Gas Analyzer (TOGA) team. Based out of NCAR, the TOGA team worked on creating instrumentation to improve the measurement of mixing ratios of different VOCs. In 2011, Hornbrook authored a paper detailing a new method to measure HO and RO while better separating the two differing compounds. The method proved to be effective
452844
Candida (song)


in Australia, Belgium, and Germany. "Billboard" ranked the record as the No. 18 song of 1970. Jay Warner, author of "American Singing Groups: A History from 1940 to Today", notes that the group the Corporation released a different version of "Candida" around the same time as Dawn's. The Corporation's recording was produced by Bill and Steve James, and released on Musicor Records. Warner believes that this version was based on an early, slower piano-and-vocals demo by
920292
Liber


citizens, wore their first "toga virilis", the "manly" toga – which Ovid, perhaps by way of poetic etymology, calls a "toga libera" (Liber's toga or "toga of freedom"). These new citizens registered their citizenship at the forum and were then free to vote, to leave their father's "domus" (household), choose a marriage partner and, thanks to Liber's endowment of virility, father their own children. Ovid also emphasises the less formal freedoms and rights
2096293
Candida Lycett Green


Candida Rose Lycett Green (née Betjeman; 22 September 194219 August 2014) was a British author who wrote sixteen books including "English Cottages", "Goodbye London", "The Perfect English House", "Over the Hills and Far Away" and "The Dangerous Edge of Things". Her television documentaries included "The Englishwoman and the Horse", and "The Front Garden". "Unwrecked England", based on a regular column of the same name she wrote for "The Oldie" since 1992,
13959761
Toga


rank or office. The highest status toga, the solidly purple, gold-embroidered "toga picta" could be worn only at particular ceremonies by the highest ranking magistrates. Tyrian purple was supposedly reserved for the "toga picta", the border of the "toga praetexta", and elements of the priestly dress worn by the inviolate Vestal Virgins. It was colour-fast, extremely expensive and the "most talked-about colour in Greco-Roman antiquity". Romans categorised it as a blood-red hue,
15708569
Toga


a darkly clad throng of men at a public meeting, he sarcastically quoted Virgil at them, ""Romanos, rerum dominos, gentemque togatam" " ("Romans, lords of the world and the toga-wearing people"), then ordered that in future, the aediles ban anyone not wearing the toga from the Forum and its environs – Rome's "civic heart". Augustus' reign saw the introduction of the "toga rasa", an ordinary toga whose rough fibres were teased from the woven nap,
15708595
Toga


official costume by the more practical pallium and paenula. The toga was an approximately semi-circular woolen cloth, usually white, worn draped over the shoulders and around the body: the word "toga" probably derives from "tegere", to cover. It was considered formal wear and was generally reserved for citizens. The Romans considered it unique to themselves; thus their poetic description by Virgil and Martial as the "gens togata" (toga-wearing race) There were many kinds of togas, each reserved by custom
15708565
‘ie toga


ʻie toga" is usually spelled as "ʻie toga" rather than "ʻie tōga" with the accentuated penultimate syllable. Native speakers habitually recognize the proper pronunciation, but given the commonly unaccented spelling "toga" it is common to see the term associated with "Toga," the Samoan spelling of Tonga. Hence the inaccurate explanation that "ʻie tōga" means "Tongan mat." The actual translation of "tōga" is "treasured" or "valuable" and the term also refers collectively to prestige goods produced by
20174341
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
Toga


his toga. He wore it at his funeral, and it probably served as his shroud. At most times, Rome's thoroughfares would have been with crowded with citizens and non-citizens in a variety of colourful garments, with few togas in evidence. Only a higher-caste Roman, a magistrate, would have had lictors to clear his way, and even then, wearing a toga was a challenge. The toga's apparent natural simplicity and "elegant, flowing lines" were the result of diligent practice and cultivation
15708578
Candida Baker


Candida Baker (born 1955) is an Australian author, photographer, journalist and natural horsemanship practitioner. She was born in England and moved to Australia in 1977. Baker was born into a literary and theatrical family; her grandfather, J. C. Squire, was a British poet, writer, historian and influential literary editor, her father was George Baker MBE (actor) and her mother, Julia Squire, was a costume and set designer. Baker first came to Australia as an understudy with a Royal Shakespeare Company tour of The
18790870
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
557049
Biblical clothing


toga purpurea", of purple-dyed wool, was worn in times of triumph and by the Roman emperor. After the transition of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire in c. 44 BC, only men who were citizens of Rome wore the toga. Women, slaves, foreigners, and others who were not citizens of Rome wore tunics and were forbidden from wearing the toga. By the same token, Roman citizens were required to wear the toga when conducting official business. Over time, the toga evolved from a national
11341560
Toga (island)


Toga is an island in the Torres Islands archipelago in Torba Province of Vanuatu in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Toga Island is the most southern of the Torres Islands. The island's size is 6 km by 4.5 km. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is 104 meter. Toga is surrounded by a narrow fringing reef quickly dropping off into deep water. The summit of the island is Mt Lemeura located on the western side of the island. The climate on Toga is humid tropical. The average annual rainfall is about 4000
1268022
Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program


Foundation (NSF), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The specific goals and scientific objectives of TOGA were; In order to achieve the TOGA goals, a strategy of large-scale, long-term monitoring of the upper ocean and the atmosphere, intensive and very specific process-oriented studies, and modeling were planned and enacted through a series of national, multinational and international efforts. Modeling activities were coordinated by TOGA Numerical Experimentation Group (TOGA NEG). The TOGA program established an advanced ocean
14984893
Toga


the mid-Republic on, the military reserved their togas for formal leisure and religious festivals; the tunic and sagum (heavy cloak) were used or preferred for active duty. As part of a peace settlement of 205 BC, two formerly rebellious Spanish tribes provided Roman troops with togas and heavy cloaks; in 206 BC, Scipio Africanus was sent 1,200 togas and 12,000 tunics for his operations in North Africa. In the Macedonian campaign of 169 BC, the army was sent 6,000 togas and 30,000 tunics. Late republican practice and
15708602
Clothing in the ancient world


wore their togas too loosely or carelessly. He also criticized men who wore what were considered feminine or outrageous styles, including togas that were slightly transparent. The late toga of adult citizens, the toga virilis, was made of plain white wool and worn after the age of fourteen. A woman convicted of adultery might be forced to wear a toga as a badge of shame and curiously, as a symbol of the loss of her female identity. The ancient Romans were aware that their clothing differed from that of other peoples.
21546097
Candida (fungus)


form a natural group). Before the advent of inexpensive molecular methods, yeasts that were isolated from infected patients were often called "Candida" without clear evidence of relationship to other "Candida" species. For example, "Candida glabrata", "Candida guilliermondii", and "Candida lusitaniae" are clearly misclassified and will be placed in other genera once phylogenetic reorganization is complete (for example, see Khunnamwong "et al." 2015). Some species of "Candida" use a non-standard genetic code in
920106
Geraldine Butler


. One of Butler's research interests is the genetic difference between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Candida species. In 2009, she co-authored a paper in Nature reporting genome sequences of six Candida species and discussing differences between pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Butler was one of the signatories of a 2012 letter to The Irish Times from several scientists about the Irish Government funding applied science at the expense of basic science. Butler said that "a lot of us will not have access to funds", and "I am
8472049
Clothing in the ancient world


transition of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire in c. 44 BCE, only men who were citizens of Rome wore the toga. Women, slaves, foreigners, and others who were not citizens of Rome wore tunics and were forbidden from wearing the toga. By the same token, Roman citizens were required to wear the toga when conducting official business. Over time, the toga evolved from a national to a ceremonial costume. Different types of togas indicated age, profession, and social rank. Roman writer Seneca criticized men who
21546096
Fruit (software)


Toga II 4.0, released on 29 December 2017 by Jerry Donald Watson. Experimental versions of Toga II running on computer clusters have competed in the World Computer Chess Championship (WCCC). At about 80 ELO above Fruit 2.3.1, Toga II is the strongest Fruit derivative . In 2008, forks of Toga II started to appear, like Grapefruit and Cyclone. GambitFruit is another free derivative of Fruit 2.1, created by Ryan Benitez. It plays a more aggressive style and has more chess knowledge. GambitFruit also incorporates improvements from Toga II
3114441
Candida Tobin


Candida Tobin Hon FTCL, LTCL (5 January 1926 – 14 December 2008) was the author of the Tobin Method, a music education system for teaching music theory and practice to students of all ages and abilities. Tobin was born Doreen E. Pugh in Chingford, Essex on 5 January 1926 and grew up there with elder sisters Phyllis and Barbara. Tobin was married twice, firstly to Derrick Llewelyn Mason (1924-1989) in 1949, and divorced soon after without any issue. She subsequently married John M. Tobin in 1960
22158400
Toga


but even this can be employed to good effect. Roman moralists "placed an ideological premium on the simple and the frugal". Aulus Gellius claimed that the earliest Romans, famously tough, virile and dignified, had worn togas with no undergarment; not even a skimpy tunic. Towards the end of the Republic, the arch-conservative Cato the Younger favoured the shorter, ancient Republican type of toga; it was dark and "scanty" (a "toga exigua"), and Cato wore it without tunic or shoes
15708591
Toga


of motherhood" ("toga muliebris"). This use of the toga appears unique; all others categorised as "infamous and disreputable" were explicitly forbidden to wear it. In this context, modern sources understand the toga - or perhaps merely the description of particular women as "togata" - as an instrument of inversion and realignment; a respectable (thus "stola"-clad) woman should be demure, sexually passive, modest and obedient, morally impeccable. The archetypical "meretrix" of Roman literature dresses gaudily and provocatively.
15708599
Stola


The stola was the traditional garment of Roman women, corresponding to the toga, that was worn by men. The stola was usually woollen. Originally, women wore togas as well, but after the 2nd century BC, the toga was worn exclusively by men, and women were expected to wear the stola. At that point, it was considered disgraceful for a woman to wear a toga; wearing the male garment was associated with prostitution and adultery. The stola was a staple of fashion in ancient Rome spanning from the early
15980476
White


four colors in their paintings; white, red, yellow and black; For painting, the Greeks used lead white, made by a long and laborious process. A plain white toga, known as a "toga virilis", was worn for ceremonial occasions by all Roman citizens over the age of 14–18. Magistrates and certain priests wore a "toga praetexta", with a broad purple stripe. In the time of the Emperor Augustus, no Roman man was allowed to appear in the Roman forum without a toga. The
14245209
Torres Islands


people); it consists of two very close dialect varieties, "Lo" and "Toga" (note that "Toga" is sometimes used as a cover term for the two dialects). There is no mutual intelligibility between Hiw and Lo-Toga, but many Hiw speakers are bilingual. Hiw and (Lo-)Toga belong to the East Vanuatu languages, a subgroup of the Oceanic family. As is the case for most unwritten languages of Vanuatu, no detailed description has ever been published yet on them. In 2004 the
14498623
Purple


a deep purple and embroidered toga. In Ancient Rome, the "Toga praetexta" was an ordinary white toga with a broad purple stripe on its border. It was worn by freeborn Roman boys who had not yet come of age, curule magistrates, certain categories of priests, and a few other categories of citizens. The "Toga picta" was solid purple, embroidered with gold. During the Roman Republic, it was worn by generals in their triumphs, and by the Praetor Urbanus when he rode in the chariot of
17168686
Serukeirewa


Elenoa married the ""Gone Toga"" of Rewa, Senitiki Tupou, who was the first Fijian magistrate. They met while the Gone Toga was posted to Naduruloulou, in Kasavu. The Gone Toga was from the Mataqali Vusamatai of the Yavusa Nailarube.He is the son of Ratu Manoa Nagatalevu, the Turaga na Gone Toga and Adi Ana Lelea. He died while serving his judicial duties in Vunidawa and was laid to rest at Namotobau, Seatura, in the District of Rara, Naitasiri. The title of the "
18252089
Clothing in ancient Rome


toga") as a sign of their infamy. For citizens, "salutationes" meant wearing the toga appropriate to their rank. For freedmen, it meant whatever dress disclosed their status and wealth; a man should be what he seemed, and low rank was no bar to making money. Freedmen were forbidden to wear any kind of toga. Elite invective mocked the aspirations of wealthy, upwardly mobile freedmen who boldly flouted this prohibition, donned a toga, or even the "trabea" of an "equites", and
14811191
Toga


cinctus Gabinus"), which tied the toga back. It was thought to derive from the priestly practice of ancient, warlike Gabii. Etruscan priests also employed the Gabine cinch. In Rome, it was one of the elements in making a declaration of war. The traditional toga was made of wool, which was thought to possess powers to avert misfortune and the evil eye; the "toga praetexta" (used by magistrates, priests and freeborn youths) was always woolen. Wool-working was thought a highly respectable occupation
15708609
Roman emperor


the tribunes of the people ("ius intercedendi" or "ius intercessionis"). His person was held to be sacrosanct. Roman magistrates on official business were expected to wear the form of toga associated with their office; different togas were worn by different ranks; senior magistrates had the right to togas bordered with purple. A triumphal "imperator" of the Republic had the right to wear the "toga picta" (of solid purple, richly embroidered) for the duration of the triumphal rite. During the Late Republic
4163729
September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
5363349
Clothing in ancient Rome


toga praetexta", which was thought to offer similar apotropaic protection, was formal wear for freeborn boys until puberty, when they gave their "toga praetexta" and childhood "bulla" into the care of their family lares and put on the adult male's "toga virilis". According to some Roman literary sources, freeborn girls might also wear – or at least, had the right to wear – a "toga praetexta" until marriage, when they offered their childhood toys, and perhaps their maidenly "praetexta" to
14811196
Toga


to particular usage or social class. The earliest form of toga might have resembled the ancient Greek "himation" and Etruscan "tebenna", which were simple, rectangular lengths of cloth that served as both body-wrap and blanket for peasants, shepherds and itinerant herdsmen. Roman historians believed that Rome's legendary founder and first king, the erstwhile shepherd Romulus, had worn a toga as his clothing of choice; the purple-bordered "toga praetexta" was supposedly used by Etruscan magistrates, and introduced to Rome by her
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Toga


idealised Rome's urban and rustic citizenry as descendants of a hardy, virtuous, toga-clad peasantry, but the toga's bulk and complex drapery made it entirely impractical for manual work or physically active leisure. The toga was heavy, "unwieldy, excessively hot, easily stained, and hard to launder"; It was best suited to stately processions, public debate and oratory, sitting in the theatre or circus, and displaying oneself before one's peers and inferiors while "ostentatiously doing nothing". Every male Roman citizen
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Toga


early Republican heroine Cloelia on horseback, wearing a toga. The unmarried daughters of respectable, reasonably well-off citizens sometimes wore the "toga praetexta" until puberty or marriage, when they adopted the "stola", which they wore over a full-length, usually long-sleeved tunic. Higher-class female prostitutes ("meretrices") and women divorced for adultery were denied the "stola". "Meretrices" might have been expected or perhaps compelled, at least in public, to wear the "toga
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Toga


elaborate, complex, costly and impractical forms of toga. Eventually, these too were abandoned. The splitting of empire and the adoption of Christianity had many cultural consequences. Considerations of comfort aside, the toga was firmly associated with the old order and the old religion. The pallium was simple, practical, and easy to wear; it had always been considered the dress of philosophers. For those who professed allegiance to Christ and the new, Christian order, it seemed a more fitting formal garment than the toga. While the
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Tyrian purple


Minor. The expense meant that purple-dyed textiles became status symbols, whose use was restricted by sumptuary laws. The most senior Roman magistrates wore a "toga praetexta", a white toga edged with a stripe of Tyrian purple. The even more sumptuous "toga picta", solid Tyrian purple with a gold stripe, was worn by generals celebrating a Roman triumph. The "toga picta" was later worn by the Roman emperors, to the point that 'purple' is sometimes used as a metonym for the office
17808151
Severn Estuary


authorities and interested parties such as farmers and fisherman. Its stated aim is "To bring together all those involved in the development, management and use of the Estuary within a framework which encourages the integration of their interests and responsibilities to achieve common objectives". In 2001 SEP published the "Strategy for the Severn Estuary", which sets out a plan for the management of the estuary. SEP uses a geographically extended definition of the Severn Estuary, beginning at the tidal limit of the River Severn in Gloucester and ending at a
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Toga


to put on his toga. His wife fetches it and he puts it on. Then he is told that he has been appointed dictator. He promptly heads for Rome. Donning the toga transforms Cincinnatus from rustic, sweaty ploughman – though a gentleman nevertheless, of impeccable stock and reputation – into Rome's leading politician, eager to serve his country; a top-quality Roman. Rome's abundant public and private statuary reinforced the notion that all Rome's great men wore togas, and must always have done so. Traditionalists
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Toga


emperor Marcus Aurelius, rather than wear the "dress to which his rank entitled him" at his own "salutationes", chose to wear a plain white citizen's toga instead; an act of modesty for any patron, unlike Caligula, who wore a triumphal "toga picta" or any other garment he chose, according to whim; or Nero, who caused considerable offence when he received visiting senators while dressed in a tunic embroidered with flowers, topped off with a muslin neckerchief. In oratory, the toga came into
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Toga


old-style forms of toga may have been woven as a single, seamless, selvedged piece; the later, larger versions may have been made from several pieces sewn together; size seems to have counted for a lot. More cloth signified greater wealth and usually, though not invariably, higher rank. The purple-red border of the "toga praetexta" was woven onto the toga using a process known as "tablet weaving"; such applied borders are a feature of Etruscan dress. Wilson (1924), after
15708611
Clothing in the ancient world


in the ancient Roman wardrobe was the toga, a one-piece woolen garment that draped loosely around the shoulders and down the body. Togas could be wrapped in different ways, and they became larger and more voluminous over the centuries. Some innovations were purely fashionable. Because it was not easy to wear a toga without tripping over it or trailing drapery, some variations in wrapping served a practical function. Other styles were required, for instance, for covering the head during ceremonies. Historians believe that originally the toga was worn
21546092
Amazon World Zoo Park


. Zoo staff speculated that the film "March of the Penguins" may have inspired the crime. By Thursday, hopes of finding Toga alive were fading. There was also a caller to the morning television programme "GMTV" claiming to have dumped the body of Toga in Portsmouth Harbour. Despite the unlikelihood of success on 27 December, the zoo continued to search for the missing penguin. By 17 January 2006, the zoo staff had given up all hope of ever finding the whereabouts of Toga. Toga's parents Kyala and
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Arthur W. Toga


Louis University while completing his PhD, then began a postdoctoral fellowship at the Washington University School of Medicine’s Department of Neurology in 1978. By 1980, Toga began a research assistant professorship in neurology at Washington University, where he launched the Laboratory of Neuro Imaging in 1983. He also had a secondary appointment in the Department of Computer Sciences at Washington University. In 1987, Toga began an associate professorship at the University of California, Los Angeles. During his time at UCLA, Toga was the assistant chairman for research affairs for
7672125
Radio Educación


to the Secretaría de Gobernación. Radio Educación was consolidated with Radio México, which was labeled "the radio agency of the Government of the Republic", and the SEP sent its programs to be aired on that station and over all other stations during the time that all broadcasters were required to cede to the SEP. On April 29, 1964, Radio Educación's future shortwave station was authorized as XEICM-OC, operated by the (Federal Teacher Training Institute). The callsign changed on September 21, 1973, to XEPPM
7566909
Candida tropicalis


representations, the finding of new species and the reclassification of identified old species. This genus no longer includes species that test positive to diazonium blue B (DBB). The defunct genera "Oidium" and "Monilia" were used to represent the genus "Candida". In the genus "Candida", there are other species that are synonym of "Candida tropicalis". "Candida albicans" is taxonomically close to "C. tropicalis" sharing many pathogenic traits whereas "C. maltosa" and "C. sake" are physiologically
644482
Toga party


of Michigan's Acacia fraternity (1953). Another early toga party took place in 1953, when Pomona College students wore togas and ivy wreaths, and brought their dorm mattresses to freshman Mark Neuman's home on Hillcrest Avenue in nearby Flintridge. For the eight decades before Greek-themed parties became known as "toga parties" in the 1950s, similar parties were generally called "bed sheet and pillow slip" parties (or simply, "pillow slip" parties), in which attendees wrapped themselves in sheets and pillow cases
4176286
Toga party


New Zealand. Toga parties were depicted in the 1978 film "Animal House", which propelled the ritual into a widespread and enduring practice. Chris Miller, who was one of the writers of "Animal House", attended Dartmouth College where the toga party was a popular costume event at major fraternity parties (such as Winter Carnival and Green Key Weekend) during the late 1950s and early 1960s. First lady Eleanor Roosevelt held a toga party to spoof those that compared her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt to "Caesar".
4176288
Candida (play)


Candida". "In order of appearance" The play is set in the northeast suburbs of London in the month of October. It tells the story of Candida, the wife of a famous clergyman, the Reverend James Mavor Morell. Morell is a Christian Socialist, popular in the Church of England, but Candida is responsible for much of his success. Candida returns home briefly from a trip to London with Eugene Marchbanks, a young poet who wants to rescue her from what he presumes to be her dull family life.
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Candida albicans


studies can be done as the media influences the morphological state of "C. albicans". A special type of medium is CHROMagar™ Candida, which can be used to identify different species of candida. "Candida albicans" can be seen as a tautology. Candida comes from the Latin word candidus, meaning white. Albicans itself is the present participle of the Latin word albicō, meaning becoming white. This leads to white becoming white, making it a tautology. It is often shortly referred to as thrush, candidiasis, or
19046803
Candida auris


a common leap among the four varieties into drug-resistance possibly linked to widespread azole-type antifungal use in agriculture. First identified in 2009, "Candida auris" is a species of ascomycetous fungus of the genus "Candida" that grows as a yeast. Its name comes from the Latin word for ear, "auris". It forms smooth, shiny, whitish-gray, viscous colonies on growth media. Microscopically cells are ellipsoid in shape. "Candida auris" is one of the few "Candida" species
2769480
Index of Fiji-related articles


- Pio Bosco TIKOISUVA - Romanu TIKOTIKOCA - Sera TIKOTIKOVATU - Virginia TILLEY - Alan TIPPERT - Tivua Island - Malakai TIWA - Apisai TOGA - Iliesa TOGA - Inisai TOGA - Toga River - Adi Davila TOGANIVALU - Togolevu River - Toguru River - Farasiko TOKAREI - Tokoriki - Savenaca TOKULA - Veresa TOMA - Tomanivi, Mount - Tongan Kava Ceremony-Taumafa Kava - Tonight - John TOOHEY - Top Spin 3 - Apisai TORA - Semisi TORA - Tora ni Bau - Totoya - Tovata Confederacy - Transport in Fiji - TREY, MC - Tribewanted
12307102
Academic graduation by country


identical dresses in a style and color agreed upon by the parents. Recent trends call for togas and mortarboards as standard graduation attire. The Department of Education also recently called for austerity measures, prohibiting extravagant spending and requiring students to wear only their school uniforms under their togas. Graduates of vocational schools and colleges usually wear togas and mortarboards or caps. These are usually black, except for those colleges and universities who have togas made in the school colors. Underneath, the graduates wear formal clothes which may range from “Sunday best
3901333
Apisai Toga


Apisai Toga (1945-1973) was a Fijian rugby league player that played for the St George Dragons and the Rochdale Hornets during the 1960s, and mid-1970s. Apisai Toga played right-, i.e. number 12, in Rochdale Hornets' 5-16 defeat by Warrington in the 1965 Lancashire County Cup Final during the 1965–66 season at Knowsley Road, St. Helens on Friday 29 October 1965. Signed by Frank Facer in late 1967, Toga was a giant front or second row forward that came from a traditional Fijian rugby union background to
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Apisai Toga


star for the St George Dragons during his brief career. A crowd favorite at Kogarah Oval, he made an immediate impact at the Dragons, and played five seasons at the club between 1968-1972. Toga played in many semi finals with St George, but never played in any grand finals. His brother Inisai Toga, also played with St George. Toga went home to Fiji during the 1972-73 off season, and cut his foot on coral and barbed wire which resulted in him dying of Tetanus poisoning on 27
8029211
Candida (play)


Marchbanks is in love with Candida and believes she deserves something more than just complacency from her husband. He considers her divine, and his love eternal. In his view, it is quite improper and humiliating for Candida to have to attend to petty household chores. Morell believes Candida needs his care and protection, but the truth is quite the contrary. Ultimately, Candida must choose between the two gentlemen. She reasserts her preference for the "weaker of the two" who, after a momentary uncertainty, turns out to be
15316783
Candida (play)


, Candida is "very immoral" and completely misreads Eugene's transformation over the course of the play. Katharine Cornell played the lead role on Broadway in five different productions, the last four of which were for her own production company. She was the actress most closely associated with this role, and Shaw stated that because of her success, she had created "an ideal British Candida in my imagination" as she essentially re-envisioned the role of Candida, making her the central character in the play. Previously, Candida
15316788
Antimicrobial resistance


highlighted as a growing problem by the CDC. More than 20 species of Candida can cause Candidiasis infection, the most common of which is "Candida albicans". Candida yeasts normally inhabit the skin and mucous membranes without causing infection. However, overgrowth of Candida can lead to Candidiasis. Some Candida strains are becoming resistant to first-line and second-line antifungal agents such as azoles and echinocandins. The protozoan parasites that cause the diseases malaria, trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis and leishmaniasis are important human pathogens. Malarial parasites that
1666058
Candida dubliniensis


Candida dubliniensis is a fungal opportunistic pathogen originally isolated from AIDS patients. It is also occasionally isolated from immunocompetent individuals. It is a dimorphic yeast of the genus "Candida", very closely related to "Candida albicans" but forming a distinct phylogenetic cluster in DNA fingerprinting. It is most commonly isolated from oral cavities, and is also occasionally found in other anatomical sites. "Candida dubliniensis" is cosmopolitan (found around the world), and has been described as a separate species in 1995. Retrospective studies have shown that
18250719
Hwp1


to be involved in oral candidiasis. Candida albicans Hwp1 allows through the use of transglutaminase from the host (human beings, for example) to adhere to human epithelial cells with the strength of a covalent, isopeptide bond (the same strength in which human body proteins are built). This ability is highly related with "Candida albicans" being the prevalent Candida species in all types of candidiasis. Other candida species don't have the Hwp1 protein. Hwp1 of Candida albicans shares similar sequence homology of amino acids with gliadin (α-
6512417
Scaleup company


Growth', an independent report that presents results from other nations that have changed their economic policy towards scaleups and recommends actions the UK needs to take to ensure is the leading economy in the world for generations to come. Alberto Onetti: Chairman – Mind The Bridge Foundation (MTB) that leads Startup Europe Partnership (SEP); SEP Coordinator at MTB. Professor of Entrepreneurship at Insubria University and serial entrepreneur. He is a scaleup advocate. Alberto Onetti Linkedin Alberto Onetti crunchbase Brad Feld: A noted American entrepreneur, author,
21231079
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy


The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) combines an online encyclopedia of philosophy with peer-reviewed publication of original papers in philosophy, freely accessible to Internet users. It is maintained by Stanford University. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles. , the "SEP" has nearly 1,600 published entries. Apart from its online status, the
3875988
Candida, Campania


town derives from the Latin "locus candidus" which means clear, shining place. The first historical mention of the town appeared in 1045 when Candida was included, under the Lombard domination, in the Avellino county. From that time many feudal lords followed one another. The Filangieri family owned the fiefdom from 1187 with Alduino de Candida, until 1420 when Caterina Filangieri de Candida gave the fiefdom of Candida as a dowry to Sergianni Caracciolo. Then the fiefdom passed to the De Cardona, Magnacervo, Grimaldi, Saulli families back to
14594595
Sarah Bowdich Lee


Sarah Bowdich Lee (née Wallis) (10 Sep 1791–22 Sep 1866) was an English author, illustrator, traveller, zoologist, botanist, and pteridologist. Sarah Lee was born on 10 September 1791, the only daughter of John Eglinton Wallis of Colchester. In 1813, she married the naturalist Thomas Edward Bowdich, whose interests in nature, travel, and adventure she shared. In 1819, they went to Paris to visit Baron Cuvier; Thomas had previously visited him in 1818 with a letter of introduction obtained from Dr. William
5045770
The Beeps


Sapphire Stream S2/Ep45 Apr. 29 Wash Those Socks! S2/Ep46 Dec. 12 The Bumps SEASON 3: S3/Ep1 Aug. 30 Up Down Hill S3/Ep2 Aug. 31 Caravan S3/Ep3 Sep. 6 Secret Garden S3/Ep4 Sep. 7 Bounceflower Tea S3/Ep5 Sep. 13 The Whale S3/Ep6 Sep. 14 Soggy Sockroaches S3/Ep7 Sep. 20 Stinkroots S3/Ep8 Sep. 21 Sing-a-long-a-beeps S3/Ep9 Sep. 27 History Book S3/Ep10 Sep. 28 What Goes Splat? S3
14688027
Signal Transfer Point


. SEPs send signaling messages to other SEPs, but the messages are normally routed via the SEP's adjacent STPs. An STP's main function is to identify the best path for two SEPs to communicate. A typical application would be for two SEPs to agree on the use of a shared data path (e.g., using ISUP to initiate a voice call between a user on one SEP and a user on the second SEP). In this way, STPs route signaling messages (for starting, maintaining or finishing any kind of
21819468
Signal Transfer Point


calls originated by the SEPs' attached users) while avoiding disabled intermediary STPs. A signaling message typically never goes directly from a given SEP to the destination SEP: the message would normally have to pass through the initiating SEP's adjacent STP so that it can be routed to the destination SEP. In some applications, however, SEPs might be directly connected with signaling links; this would typically be done to enhance robustness or performance between two critical SEPs. Such mesh network configurations are also common in Europe, where STPs have not
21819469
Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority


31st Daily $5.00 Weekly $30.00 br Apr 1st - Jun 14th Daily $10.00 Weekly $60.00br Jun 15th - Sep 14th Daily $15.00 Weekly $90.00 br Sep 15th - Dec 14th Daily $10.00 Weekly $60.00br IMPORTANT NOTICE: "Daily" parking purchases will be limited to 21 days and "Weekly" purchases will be limited to 3 weeks when purchased at the parking machines. If you wish to purchase a longer length of time, you must come to the Transportation Center 2nd Floor Administrative Offices during business hours.
11594952
Thermotoga


deep-branching with "Thermotogae" clustering away from the base. The paper and the chapter in Bergey's manual were authored by several authors including the microbiologists Karl Stetter and Carl Woese. The new Latin feminine name "thermotoga" means "the hot outer garment", being a combination of the Greek noun θέρμη ("therme", heat) or more correctly the adjective θερμός, ή, όν ("thermos, e, on", hot) and the Latin feminine noun "toga" (the Roman outer
5531012
Alternative yeast nuclear code


The alternative yeast nuclear code (translation table 12) is a genetic code found in certain yeasts. However, other yeast, including "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", "Candida azyma", "Candida diversa", "Candida magnoliae", "Candida rugopelliculosa", "Yarrowia lipolytica", and "Zygoascus hellenicus", definitely use the standard (nuclear) code. Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U). Amino acids:
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