Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen [SEP] author
Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen


"Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen" (English "Quantum theoretical re-interpretation of kinematic and mechanical relations") was a breakthrough paper in quantum mechanics written by Werner Heisenberg, which appeared in "Zeitschrift für Physik" in September 1925. Heisenberg worked on the paper while recovering from hay fever on the island of Heligoland, corresponding with Wolfgang Pauli on the subject. When asked for his opinion of the manuscript, Pauli responded favorably, but Heisenberg said he was still "very uncertain about it". In July
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Werner Heisenberg


teach and examine independently, without having a chair. From 17 September 1924 to 1 May 1925, under an International Education Board Rockefeller Foundation fellowship, Heisenberg went to do research with Niels Bohr, director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen. His seminal paper, "Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen" ("Quantum theoretical re-interpretation of kinematic and mechanical relations"), was published in September 1925. He returned to Göttingen and, with Max Born and Pascual Jordan over a period of
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Max Born


c, and other bodies can also attain much greater velocities." In 1925, Born and Heisenberg formulated the matrix mechanics representation of quantum mechanics. On 9 July, Heisenberg gave Born a paper entitled "Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen" ("Quantum-Theoretical Re-interpretation of Kinematic and Mechanical Relations") to review, and submit for publication. In the paper, Heisenberg formulated quantum theory, avoiding the concrete, but unobservable, representations of electron orbits by using parameters such as transition probabilities for quantum jumps
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Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen


1925, he sent the paper to Max Born to review and decide whether to submit it for publication. In the paper, Heisenberg tried to explain the energy levels of a one-dimensional anharmonic oscillator, avoiding the concrete but unobservable representations of electron orbits by using observable parameters such as transition probabilities for quantum jumps, which necessitated using two indexes corresponding to the initial and final states. Also included was the "Heisenberg commutator", his law of multiplication needed to describe certain properties of atoms, whereby the product of two physical
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Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen


quantities did not commute. Therefore, PQ would differ from QP where, for example, ‘P’ was an electron's momentum and ‘Q’ its position. Paul Dirac, who had received a proof copy in August 1925, realized that the commutative law had not been fully developed and would produce an algebraic formulation to express the same results in more logical form. The paper laid the groundwork for matrix mechanics, later developed further by Born and Pascual Jordan. When Born read the paper, he recognized the formulation as
15822402
Johannes von Kuhn


Neue Untersuchungen über das Dogma von der Gnade" (Mainz, 1867). It was especially against these two works that Kuhn directed his last important book, "Die christliche Lehre von der goettlichen Gnade. Erster und allgemeiner Theil: Die urspruengliche Gnade und die damit zusammenhaengenden Untersuchungen über den Begriff und das Wesen der Gnade überhaupt, mit besonderer Beziehung auf die Scholastik und deren neueste Umdeutung" (Tübingen, 1868). A prospective second volume, in which the grace of Redemption was to be set forth from a positive and theoretical
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Dichroic dyes, electronic dyes, liquid crystalline dyes


D Bloor, AJ Kay, AD Woolhouse, A Masutani, A Yasuda http://community.dur.ac.uk/g.d.love/downloadable/OrientationandSolvatochromism.pdf REFERENCES : (1) Originalaufsätze Und Berichte Naturwissenschaften December 1925, Volume 13, Issue 49, pp 1015–1021 Über die optische Anisotropie selektiv absorbierender Stoffe und über mechanische Erzeugung von Anisotropie Hans Zocher Springer (2) Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Volume 109, Issue 1, 1984 DOI:10.1080/00268948408080827 Birendra Bahadura pages 3–93 (3) Patents by John Dreyer John Dreyer (4) Dyes in liquid crystals IVASHCHENKO A.
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Krzysztof Miszczak


Law Institute of the Warsaw School of Economics. Son of Ryszard Miszczak (of the Kucharski family) and Stanisława, daughter of Wacław and Cecylia Szewczyk. Obtained the degree of Master of Political Sciences (1988), Doctor of Philosophy (cum laude) at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (1993) for his dissertation entitled "Deklarationen und Realitäten. Die Beziehungen zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der (Volks-) Republik Polen von der Unterzeichnung des Warschauer Vertrages bis zum Abkommen über gute Nachbarschaft und freundschaftliche Zusammenarbeit (1970-91)
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Richard Heymons


Gattung Alofia im Vergleich mit Sebekia. I. Übersicht über die Arten. – Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 12: 419– 432. Heymons, R. 1942. Der Nasenwurm des Hundes (Linguatula serrata Froelich), seine Write und Beziehungen zur europäischen Tierwelt, seine Herkunft und praktische Bedeutung auf Grund unserer bisherigen Kenntnisse. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 12: 607–638. Heymons, R. 1943. Pentastomida. – Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge. Exploration du Parc National Albert. Mission G. F. de Witte 43: 3–4. Heymons R. & Vitzthum
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Arvid Lindau


with issues such as bovine tuberculosis, Boeck's sarcoid and Wasserman reaction, to name a few. At the Institute of Pathological Anatomy in Lund, he wrote an important thesis titled "Studien über Kleinhirncysten. Bau, Pathogenese und Beziehungen zur Angiomatosae retinae", in which he described the relationship between cerebellar cysts and their correlation to tumors (angiomata) of the retina. In 1926, Lindau was the first to describe a coherent link between the retinal, cerebellar and visceral components of a disease he called "angiomatosis of the central
8043902
Otto Schilling


Otto Franz Georg Schilling (3 November 1911 – 20 June 1973) was a German-American mathematician known as one of the leading algebraists of his time. He was born in Apolda and studied in the 1930s with the Universität Jena and the Universität Göttingen under Emmy Noether. After Noether was forced to leave Germany by the Nazis, he found a new advisor in Helmut Hasse, and obtained his Ph.D. from Marburg University in 1934 on the thesis "Über gewisse Beziehungen zwischen der Arithmetik hyperkomplexer Zahlsysteme und algebraischer Zahlkörper". He then
18648803
Duilio Arigoni


Duilio Arigoni (born December 6, 1928) is a Swiss chemist and Emeritus Professor at ETH Zurich. He has worked on the biosynthetic pathways of many organic natural substances. Born in Lugano, Switzerland, Arigoni completed his undergraduate studies in Chemistry from ETH Zürich in 1951. He completed his Ph.D. in Chemistry from ETH Zurich in 1955. His doctoral thesis was “Über konfigurative Beziehungen Steroid- und Terpenverbindungen”. After completing his Ph.D., he became professor at ETH Zurich. He was also a visiting professor at Harvard University and Cambridge
9651510
Julius Wolff (surgeon)


and tissue engineering. He died on February 18, 1902 of a stroke. 1860 De artificiali ossium productione in animalibus, Diss. Kaiser Wilhelm Universität Berlin 1863 Die Osteoplastik in ihren Beziehungen zur Chirurgie und Physiologie. Archiv für Klinische Chirurgie 4: 183-296 1868 Ueber Knochenwachsthum. August Hirschwald, Berlin, Berliner klinische Wochenschrift 5(6): 62-64, 76-77, 110-112 1869 Ueber die Bedeutung der Architectur des spongiösen Substanz. Zentralblatt für die medizinischen Wissenschaft VI: 223-234 1870 Über die innere Architektur
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Edmund Lesser


-Charité (1896). The following year he became head of the dermatological and syphilitic dispensary at the University of Berlin. Lesser was a leading authority in the field of syphilis research. He was the author of "Lehrbuch der Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten für Studirende und Ärzte" (Textbook of skin and venereal diseases for students and physicians), a publication that ran for numerous editions. With zoologist Richard Hertwig (1850–1937), he was co-author of "Über Rhizopoden und denselben nahestehende Organismen". Other publications by Lesser
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Karl Heinrich Rau


general merits are thoroughness of treatment, accuracy of statement, and balance of judgment; he shows much industry in the collection and skill in the utilization of statistical facts; and his exposition is orderly and clear. Besides the publications already mentioned, he was author of the following: "Ansichten der Volkswirthschaft", 1821; "Malthus und Say über die Ursachen der jetzigen Handelsstockung", 1821; "Grundriss der Kameralwissenschaft oder Wirthschaftslehre", 1823; "Über die Kameralwissenschaft, Entwickelung ihres Wesens und ihrer Theile", 1825;
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Karl Lachmann


); in the papers ""Über das Hildebrandslied"," ""Über althochdeutsche Betonung und Verskunst"," ""Über den Eingang des Parzivals"," and ""Über drei Bruchstücke niederrheinischer Gedichte"" published in the "Abhandlungen" of the Berlin Academy; and in "Der Nibelunge Not und die Klage" (1826), which was followed by a critical commentary in 1836. Lachmann's "Betrachtungen über Homer's Iliad", first published in the "Abhandlungen" of the Berlin Academy in
689147
Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing


The Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (, or BAM) is a German material research institute. Its historical origins start in 1871, a year in which Germany was unified, as the "Mechanisch-Technische Versuchsanstalt". From 1904-19 there was the "Königliches Materialprüfungsamt". From 1920-45 there was the "Staatliches Materialprüfungsamt" (MPA) and from 1919-45 there was the "Chemisch-Technische Reichsanstalt" (CTR). In 1954 the "Bundesanstalt für mechanische und chemische Materialprüfung" was
10606281
Josef Meixner


the physics of deformable bodies (rheology), thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, Meixner polynomials, Meixner-Pollaczek polynomials, and spheroidal wave functions. Sommerfeld, Arnold "Vorlesungen über theoretische Physik. Band 5: Thermodynamik und Statistik. Herausgegeben von Fritz Bopp und Josef Meixner." (Diederich, 1952) Sommerfeld, Arnold "Vorlesungen über theoretische Physik. Band 2: Optik. 2. Auflage, bearbeitet und ergänzt von Fritz Bopp und Josef Meixner." (Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, 1959) Sommerfeld, Arnold "Vorlesungen über theoretische Physik
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Kittisak Prokati


und des gutgläubigen Erwerbs an beweglichen Sachen“, in Yu-Cheol Shin, Rezeption europäischer Rechte in Ostasien, Bobmunsa Verlag, Seoul 2013, pp. 241–268 “Der Einfluß des deutschen Rechts auf das gemischte thailändische Rechtsystem:Rückblick und Ausblick, ”, in: Volker Grabowski (Hrsg.), Deutschland und Thailand: 150 Jahre Diplomatie und Völkerfreundschaft, Thai–Deutsches Symposium anlässlich des 150.Jahrestages der diplomatischen Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Thailand, Asien–Afrika–Institut, Universität Hamburg, 12.und 13. Mai 2012, Würzburg, Zenos
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Christiane Lemke


by the collapse of communism. Subsequently,she devoted her work to the democratic transformation of East Central European countries, the integration of Europe, citizenship, and the enlargement of the European Union. She is the author of “Internationale Beziehungen. Grundkonzepte, Theorien und Problemfelder“ (4th edition, de Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2018) and "Germany Today. Politics and Policies in a Changing World" (with Helga Welsh, Rowman and Littlefield, 2018). She also published several articles on the European Union and edited the series
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GEMA (German organization)


The Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungs- und mechanische Vervielfältigungsrechte (GEMA; ) is a government-mandated collecting society and performance rights organization based in Germany, with administrative offices in Berlin and Munich. GEMA represents the usage rights stemming from authors' rights (e.g., mechanical licensing, broadcast licensing, synchronization licensing) for the musical works of those composers, lyricists, and publishers who are members in the organization. It is the only such institution in Germany and a member of BIEM and CISAC. Other collecting societies include the (AKM)
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Georg Reismüller


und Eindrücke aus ostasiatischen und amerikanischen Bibliotheken. Referent: Generaldirektor Dr. Georg Reismüller-München. In ZfB 47.1930, 469-473. Auszug aus dem Bericht. 27. [Über Leihverkehr.] In: ZFB. 47.1930, 463-465. 28. [Über den Gesamtkatalog.] In. ZfB. 47.1930, 505-506. 29. Das bayerische Bibliothekswesen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. Von Dr. Georg Reismüller, Generaldirektor der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek. In. Dem bayerischen Volke. 1930, 131-139. 30. [Über
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Joachim Bauer


Joachim Bauer (born 21 October 1951 in Tübingen) is a German medical doctor with education in internal medicine, psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine. He teaches as a professor at the University of Freiburg. Bauer is the author of several scientific non-fiction books. Bauer has published several non-fiction books in the areas of brain and genomic science. In "Das Gedächtnis des Körpers – Wie Beziehungen und Lebensstile unsere Gene steuern", he discusses the interplay between the processes in the brain, determined by interpersonal relationships, and the
7404413
Deutschlandlied


Etsch bis an den Belt, |: Deutschland, Deutschland über alles, Über alles in der Welt! :| Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang Sollen in der Welt behalten Ihren alten schönen Klang, Uns zu edler Tat begeistern Unser ganzes Leben lang. |: Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang! :| Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Für das deutsche Vaterland! Danach lasst uns alle streben Brüderlich mit Herz und Hand! Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Sind des Glückes Unterpfand; |:
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Joseph Škoda


des Zustandes des Herzens" ("Methods of Investigation of the Conditions of the Heart"), vol. XVIII (1839); "Über Pericarditis in pathologisch-anatomischer und diagnostischer Beziehung" ("About Pericarditis in Pathological Anatomic and Diagnostic Relationships"), XIX (1839); "Über Piorrys Semiotik und Diagnostik" ("About Piorry's Semiotic and Diagnostics"), vol. XVIII (1839); "Über die Diagnose der Herzklappenfehler" ("About the Diagnosis of Defects of Heart Valves"),
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Karl Eugen Guthe


Karl Eugen Guthe (5 March 1866 – 10 September 1915) was a German-born American academic and physicist, notable for being the first Dean of the Graduate Department at the University of Michigan. Guthe was born in Hanover, Germany, and was educated at the Hanover Technical School and at the universities of Strassburg, Berlin, and Marburg. He received his PhD from the University of Marburg in 1892 for a thesis entitled: "Über das mechanische Telephon" ("On the Mechanical Telephone"). Guthe immigrated to
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Ernst Moritz Ludwig Ettmüller


was also the author of a "Handbuch der deutschen Literaturgeschichte" (1847), which includes the treatment of the Anglo-Saxon, the Old Scandinavian, and the Low German branches; and he popularized a great deal of literary information in his "Herbstabende und Winternächte: Gespräche über Dichtungen und Dichter" (1865–1867). The alliterative versification which he admired in the old German poems he himself employed in his "Deutsche Stammkönige" (1844) and "Das verhängnissvolle Zahnweh, oder Karl der Grosse und der Heilige Goar"
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Franz Bopp


first and second points remained dependent upon the third. As Bopp based his research on the best available sources and incorporated every new item of information that came to light, his work continued to widen and deepen in the making, as can be witnessed from his monographs on the vowel system in the Teutonic languages (1836), on the Celtic languages (1839), on the Old Prussian (1853) and Albanian languages ("Über das Albanesische in seinen verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen", Vienna, 1854), on the accent in
11423011
Dieter Senghaas


, ""Peripherer Kapitalismus. Analysen über Abhängigkeit und Unterentwicklung (1974)"" (Peripheral Capitalism. Analyses of Dependency and Underdevelopment) and ""Kapitalistische Weltökonomie. Kontroversen über ihren Ursprung und ihre Entwicklungsdynamik (1979)"" (Capitalistic World Economy. Controversies about its Origin and its Development Dynamics), as well as in his 1977 book, ""Weltwirtschaftsordnung und Entwicklungspolitik. Plädoyer für Dissoziation"" (World Economic Order and Development Policy. Plea for Dissociation), Senghaas attempts to make visible the structural dependency of
13196651
Wilhelm Kramer


to the science of otology. He is credited as being the first to use catheterization and auscultation in determining conditions of the middle ear. He also devised a specialized ear speculum ("Kramer's aural speculum"). He was the author of ""Erfahrungen über die Erkenntniss und Heilung der langwierigen Schwerhörigkeit"" (1833), a work in the field of otology that was greatly revised and republished in 1836 with the title of ""Die Erkenntniss und Heilung der Ohrenkrankheiten"". The second edition was translated into
20304879
Enzio Reuter


Enzio Rafael Reuter (30 March 1867, Turku – 11 February 1951, Helsinki) was a Finnish entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He wrote "Über die Palpen der Rhopalocera: Ein Beitrag zur Erkenntnis der verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen unter den Tagfaltern", an important work on the classification of lepidoptera in which some higher level taxa are erected. Reuter was a cytologist and student of phylogenetics. His collection is conserved in the Natural History Museum of Helsinki. Reuter was a correspondent with and admirer of the German Darwinist Ernst Haeckel: "In
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Heinrich Burkhardt


in Munich (at university and technical university), Berlin and Göttingen. He attained a doctorate in 1886 in Munich under Gustav Conrad Bauer with a thesis entitled: "Beziehungen zwischen der Invariantentheorie und der Theorie algebraischer Integrale und ihrer Umkehrungen" (Relations between the invariant theory and the theory of algebraic integrals and their inverses). In 1887 he was an assistant at Göttingen and obtained his habilitation there in 1889. Later he was a professor in Zürich (1897–1908) and Munich (since October 1908). He worked on the
19968272
David Ferdinand Koreff


David Ferdinand Koreff (1 February 1783 – 15 May 1851) was a German physician who was a personal doctor of Staatskanzler Karl August von Hardenberg and occupied one of the two chairs for animal magnetism created in 1817 at the University of Berlin. A personal friend of E.T.A. Hoffmann and a member of his literary club The Serapion Brethren (Serapionsbrüder), Koreff authored a treatise “Über die Erscheinungen des Lebens und über die Gesetze, nach denen es im menschlichen Organismus sich offenbart” and a volume of lyric poetry "Lyrische Gedichte
246198
Friedrich Schleiermacher


discourse of theologians, arguably the primary and only discourse of intellectuals for centuries, had taken to its own now minor corner in the universities. "On Religion" is divided into five major sections: the Defense ("Apologie"), the Nature of Religion ("Über das Wesen der Religion"), the Cultivation of Religion ("Über die Bildung zur Religion"), Association in Religion ("Über das Gesellige in der Religion, oder über Kirche und Priesterthum"), and the Religions ("Über
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Robert Tigerstedt


1850–1935) and their first child, Maria (Ljubow Marie Nathalie Eveline (1879–1975)), was born while Tigerstedt was still a medical student. Two further children, Carl Christian Oskar Robert (1882–1930) and Margareta Wilhelmina Maria (1891–1980) followed. After completing his medical studies, in 1881 Tigerstedt submitted his doctorate entitled 'über Mechanische Nervenreizung' (On the mechanical stimulation of the nervous system) in Helsinki; however due to opposition from Konrad Hällstén, the professor of Physiology at Helsinki, he was unable to get a
6914289
Hermann Lotze


same general principles which had been adopted in the investigation of inorganic phenomena. These later works considered the human organism in its normal and diseased states. They included his "Allgemeine Pathologie und Therapie als mechanische Naturwissenschaften" (1842, 2nd ed., 1848), the articles "Lebenskraft" (1843) and "Seele und Seelenleben" (1846) in Rudolf Wagner's "Handwörterbuch der Physiologie", his "Allgemeine Physiologie des Körperlichen Lebens" (1851), and his "Medizinische Psychologie oder Physiologie der Seele" (
17727269
Franz Götz (politician)


on the SPD list in 1978, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, and 1998. He was a member of the following committees: In 2007, without laying down his town council mandate, Götz left the SPD and joined the parliamentary party of the Free Voters. Götz was the sole managing director of "GERO Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Beziehungen in Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft zwischen Deutschland und Rumänien mbH", a company he founded in 2001. He liquidated this company 2010. In 2003 he was co-founder of the "
8755460
Franz Overbeck


New Faith" ("Vom alten und neuen Glauben", 1872) and Paul de Lagarde's 'On the Relationship of the German State to Theology, Church, and Religion' ('Über das Verhältnis des deutschen Staates zu Theologie, Kirche und Religion', 1873). Both authors attempted to shape a modern Christian religion with the help of theological scholarship. Overbeck regarded this project as impossible and fundamentally in error. In his afterword for the second edition in 1903, he renewed this critique against theologian Adolf von Harnack
10006992
Road signs in Germany


) Persons""; e.g., cars/automobiles Lastkraftwagen - Lkw - ""Powered Car for Loads"", e.g., truck, lorry, semi, tractor-trailer Kraftfahrzeuge (Kfz) mit einer zulässigen Gesamtmasse über 3,5 t, einschließlich ihrer Anhänger, und Zugmaschinen, ausgenommen Personenkraftwagen und Kraftomnibusse - Motor vehicles with a maximum authorized mass of more than 3,5 t, including their trailers, and tractors other than cars and buses Buses (generally) and trains (always) have the priority/right of way Basic Traffic
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Max Scheler


the Judeo-Christian God, committing himself to philosophical anthropology. Scheler studied medicine at the University of Munich. He also studied philosophy and sociology under Wilhelm Dilthey, Carl Stumpf and Georg Simmel at the University of Berlin. He received his doctorate in 1897 at Munich with a thesis entitled "Beiträge zur Feststellung der Beziehungen zwischen den logischen und ethischen Prinzipien". He earned his habilitation in 1899 at the University of Jena with a thesis entitled "Die transzendentale und die psychologische Methode" and directed by Rudolf Eucken, and became "
6413703
Copyright law of Germany


German authors' right or Deutsches Urheberrecht is codified in the "Gesetz über Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte" (also referred to as "Urhebergesetz" or "Urheberrechtsgesetz" and abbreviated "UrhG"). It should not be confused with copyright (exclusive rights to copy granted to "distributors"), and is more akin to authors' rights (exclusive rights to profit from one's work granted to "authors"). Court decisions have set vastly different standards for the eligibility of works of applied art on the one hand
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On Religion


, attention for a subject so entirely neglected by them. ... Now especially the life of cultivated people is far from anything that might have even a resemblance to religion." "On Religion" is divided into five major sections: the Defense ("Apologie"), the Nature of Religion ("Über das Wesen der Religion"), the Cultivation of Religion ("Über die Bildung zur Religion"), Association in Religion ("Über das Gesellige in der Religion, oder über Kirche und Priesterthum"),
11916434
Peter Hoffmann (historian)


Tübingen, Zurich, Northwestern University and Munich he received his PhD in 1961 from Franz Schnabel following his thesis defense on "The diplomatic relations between Wurtemberg and Bavaria from the Crimean War and the beginning of the Italian Crisis" ("Die diplomatischen Beziehungen zwischen Württemberg und Bayern im Krimkrieg und bis zum Beginn der Italienischen Krise"). In 1965 he became a postdoc at the University of Northern Iowa. In 1970 he took up a teaching position on German History at McGill University in Montreal. Hoffmann is the William Kingsford Professor
12721870
Christian Schwarz-Schilling


Munich. In 1956 he was granted a Ph.D. for his thesis on Chinese History, "Der Friede von Shan-Yüan 1005 n. Chr. und seine Auswirkungen auf die Beziehungen zwischen dem Chinesischen Reich und dem Liao-Reich der Kitan" (The Peace of Shan Yuan 1005 AD, and its Effects on the Relations between the Chinese Empire and the Liao-Empire of Kitan). In 1957, he became manager of the battery manufacturer Accumulatorenfabrik Sonnenschein in Büdingen in Hesse, which he remained until 1982. 1993-2002 he
20601410
Paulus Stephanus Cassel


both large and small towns heard the Word with gladness - nay, even with enthusiasm. He baptized 262 Jews in Christuskirche, among them doctors, authors, merchants. In a pamphlet published a short time before his death, he complained of the inconsiderate treatment he had received at the hands of his Christian friends ("Erstes Sendschreiben an Freunde in Deutschland und England über die Christuskirche in Berlin und ihr Martyrium durch die London Society", 1891). Hermann Leberecht Strack states that it is not clear what induced Cassel to join
7921904
Joseph Škoda


die Herzbewegungen verursachten Töne und über die Anwendung der Perkussion bei Untersuchung der Organe des Unterleibes" ("About the Percussion of the Heart and the Sounds Originated by Heart Movements, and Its Application to the Investigation of Organs of the Abdomen"), in the same periodical, vols XIII, XIV (1837); "Über Abdominaltyphus und dessen Behandlung mit Alumen crudum" ("About Abdominal Typhus and Its Treatment with Alumen"), also in the same periodical, vol. XV (1838); "Untersuchungsmethode zur Bestimmung
11529903
Georg Friedrich Creuzer


culture". For this and the next generations, "origins and organic development rather than reciprocal cultural influences became the key to understanding." Creuzer's work was vigorously attacked by Johann Gottfried Jakob Hermann in his "Briefen über Homer und Hesiod", and in his letter, addressed to Creuzer, "Über das Wesen und die Behandlung der Mythologie"; by Johann Heinrich Voss in his "Antisymbolik"; and by Christian Lobeck in his "Aglaophamus". It was briefly praised, however, by Hegel in his Philosophy
20576770
Friedrich Bleek


one on the origin and composition of the Sibylline Oracles, "Über die Entstehung und Zusammensetzung der Sibyllinischen Orakel", and another on the authorship and design of the Book of Daniel, "Über Verfasser und Zweck des Buches Daniel". These articles attracted much attention, and were distinguished by those qualities of solid learning, thorough investigation and candour of judgment which characterized all his writings. Bleek's merits as a rising scholar were recognized by the minister of public instruction, who continued his stipend as Repentant for a third year,
11515875
Gerhard Kowalewski


Technology. Kowalewski is known for the introduction of the matrices notation in 1909 with his work titled "Determinantentheorie". He researched theories of determinants, transformation groups, natural and differential geometry, and approximation and interpolation, publishing over 100 works, including "Vorlesungen über natürliche Geometrie", the German translation of Ernesto Cesàro's work, "Das Integral und seine geometrischen Anwendungen" in 1910, "Über Bolzanos Nichtdifferenzierbare Stetige Funktion", "Der Keplersche Korper und andere Bauspiele" in 1938, and his memoir in 1950, "
12284726
Gerhard Lohfink


Gebets". Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2010, . • "Jesus von Nazareth. Was er wollte, wer er war". Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2011, . • "Gegen die Verharmlosung Jesu. Reden über Jesus und die Kirche". Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2013 e-book -, . • "Der neue Atheismus. Eine kritische Auseinandersetzung". Verlag Katholisches Bibelwerk, Stuttgart 2014, . • "Auf der Erde – wo sonst? Unangepasstes über Gott und die Welt".
19288355
Gerhard Lohfink


Verlag Katholisches Bibelwerk, Stuttgart 2015, . • "Im Ringen um die Vernunft. Reden über Israel, die Kirche und die Europäische Aufklärung". Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2016, . • "Am Ende das Nichts? Über Auferstehung und ewiges Leben". Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2017, • "The Gospels. God's Word in Human Words". Chicago 1972, Franciscan Herald Press (Herald Biblical booklets), • with Malina, Bruce J. "The conversion of St. Paul: Narrative and
19288356
Wilhelm Friedrich von Gleichen


Wilhelm Friedrich von Gleichen-Rußwurm (1717–1783), Stablemaster of the Margrave of Bayreuth, was a German biologist. In 1778 he developed a process of staining micro-organisms with indigo and carmine ("Abhandlung über die Saamen - und Infusionsthierchen, und über die Erzeugung, nebst mikroskopischen Beobachtungen des Saamens der Thiere in verschiedenen Infusionen" - Treatise on seed and infusoria, and their production, along with microscopic observations of the semen of animals in different suspensions). The fern genus "Gleichenia" was named in his honour.
19781228
Ernst Chladni


to produce another instrument, the "clavicylinder", in 1799. Chladni travelled throughout Europe with his instruments giving demonstrations. In 1794, Chladni published "Über den Ursprung der von Pallas gefundenen und anderer ihr ähnlicher Eisenmassen und über einige damit in Verbindung stehende Naturerscheinungen" ("On the Origin of the Iron Masses Found by Pallas and Others Similar to it, and on Some Associated Natural Phenomena") in which he proposed that meteorites have an extraterrestrial origin. This was a controversial statement at the time, since meteorites were thought
8423693
Verordnung über den Bau und Betrieb der Straßenbahnen


The ("Ordinance on the Construction and Operation of Street Railways" / light railway regulations), abbreviated as BOStrab, is a German law regulation governing the field of tramway, metro and light rail operations. The orders are enacted by the Federal Ministry of Transport based on enabling act through the General Railway Law ("", first issued on 29. March 1951). The supervisory authority is delegated to the Federal Railway Authority of Germany. The BOStrab regulations are not as strict as the EBO main railway regulations; for
12604703
Hermann Paasche


he first studied agriculture. After military service, his studies continued, however, his attention turned to economics, statistics, and philosophy. Paasche completed his doctorate in 1875 under Johannes Conrad at the University of Halle. In 1877, his postdoctoral thesis (habilitation) was entitled: "Über die Entwicklung der Preise und der Rente des Immobiliarbesitzes." His inaugural lecture was entitled: "Über den Staat und seine volkswirtschaftlichen Aufgaben" (About the state and its economic tasks). In 1879, he became professor of political science
1154766
Parys Mountain


published his findings in "Briefe über die Insel Anglesea : vorzüglich über das dasige Kupfer-Bergwerk und die dazu gehörigen Schmelzwerke und Fabriken" (Leipzig : Crusius, 1800). Parys Mountain dominated the world's copper market during the 1780s, when the mine was the largest in Europe. Its rise severely damaged the mining industry in Cornwall. The copper from the mine was used to sheath the British Admiralty's wooden ships of war, to prevent the growth of seaweed and barnacles and to protect the wood from attack by shipworms
20331518
Augustin Gottfried Ludwig Lentin


works at Ravenhead and Stanley, both near St Helens, Merseyside, where ore from Parys Mountain was smelted. His findings were described in a publication that appeared in 1800 under the title "Briefe über die Insel Anglesea : vorzüglich über das dasige Kupfer-Bergwerk und die dazu gehörigen Schmelzwerke und Fabriken" (Leipzig : Crusius, 1800). His style has been described as 'cumbersome and pedantic' but his work still represents a useful source for the historians of technology and in particular of the mining and smelting of copper.
4592172
Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach


Rhine provinces for the purpose of investigating their juridical institutions. As the fruit of this visit, he published his treatises "Betrachtungen über Öffentlichkeit und Mündigkeit der Gerechtigkeitspflege" (1821) and "Über die Gerichtsverfassung und das gerichtliche Verfahren Frankreichs" (1825). In these he pleaded unconditionally for publicity in all legal proceedings. In his later years, he took a deep interest in the fate of the strange foundling Kaspar Hauser who had excited so much attention in Europe. He was the first to publish a critical summary of the
4839388
Fantasy and Fugue on the Theme B-A-C-H


Fantasie und Fuge über das Thema B-A-C-H (also in the first version known as "Präludium und Fuge über das Motiv B-A-C-H", title in English: "Fantasy and Fugue on the Theme B-A-C-H") (S.260i/ii [1st/2nd version], S.529i/ii [piano arrangement of 1st/2nd version]) is an organ fantasy on the BACH motif composed by Franz Liszt in 1855, later revised in 1870. Both versions were
9831303
Christian Ludwig Ideler


The reckoning of time by the Chinese”), appeared in 1839 in Berlin. He wrote also "Historische Untersuchungen über die astronomischen Beobachtungen der Alten" (“Historical investigations on the astronomical observations of the ancients,” Leipzig, 1806), "Untersuchungen über den Ursprung und die Bedeutung der Sternnamen" (“Investigations on the origin and significance of the names of stars”) and "Über den Ursprung des Thierkreises" (“Origins of the zodiac,” 1838). With Nolte he published handbooks on English and
20093680
Reuth, Rhineland-Palatinate


blazon reads: "Von Gold und Rot gespalten, über einem von Blau und Silber gespaltenen Wellenbalken vorn eine rechtsgewendete rote Axt, hinten über drei goldenen Kugeln (1:2) eine goldene Mitra, darin ein rotes Kreuz." The municipality’s arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Per pale Or a fess wavy abased azure above which an axe palewise gules, and gules a fess wavy abased conjoined as one to the other argent above which a mitre Or charged with a Latin cross of the field above three bezants,
4096751
Johann Maass


Johann Gebhard Ehrenreich Maass (; February 26, 1766 – December 23, 1823) was a German psychologist. Maass was born in 1766 in Krottendorf near Halberstadt. In 1791 he became an extraordinary professor of philosophy, and in 1798 a full professor. Among his writings on psychology are "Versuche: Über die Einbildungskraft" (1792; 2nd ed. 1797), "Über die Leidenschaften" (1805–1807), and "Über die Gefühle und Affekte" (1811). He died in Halle in 1823. Philosophical articles:
1302387
Photograph copyright (Germany)


In Germany, photo rights or "Bildrechte" are the copyrights that are attached to the "author" of the photograph and are specified in the "Law for Copyright and similar Protection" (""Gesetz über Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte""). These rights deal with rights of reproduction, distribution, modification, attribution, and prohibitions against illegal modification or reproduction. The ownership rights of a picture are treated under the broader "art copyright laws". Furthermore, if a museum or gallery owns a work of art
14446931
Child labour in Switzerland


"Bundesgesetz von 1922 über die Beschäftigung von jugendlichen und weiblichen Personen in den Gewerben") referred to young people and 'female persons' in the trades, increased the minimum age to 14 years and prohibited night work for people under the age of 19, and apprentices under the age of 20. The Federal law of 1938 (German: "Bundesgesetz über das Mindestalter der Arbeitnehmer") increased the minimum age of workers to 15 years, and the Federal law of 1940 (German: "Bundesgesetz über die Heimarbeit")
8561388
Francis Wilford


gullibility" – as he was looking for classical, Biblical, and Egyptian place names in "Puranas" as those texts were not "scientific" -, but recognised his importance in the history of Indian Cartography. Friedrich Schlegel, an author and poet, in his essay "On the Language and Wisdom of India" ("Über die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier", in German language) applauded Wilford's putative discovery of the Indian origin of Egyptian civilisation, establishing India as the "Ursprung", to settle the
6914443
Wolfgang Martini


was promoted to Major General and named Chief of Signal Affairs of the "Luftwaffe". Martini was elevated to "General der Luftnachrichtentruppe" (en: General of air force communications troops) in 1941, and remained in this position until the end of war in May 1945. In the mid-1930s, the company "Gesellschaft für Electroakustische und Mechanische Apparate" (GEMA) started the development of a "Funkmessgerät "(radio indicator), as the British and the Americans did at the same time. The pulse-modulated system
20168132
Symphony No. 8 (Penderecki)


Vocalists for the premier were Olga Pasichnyk: Soprano, Agnieszka Rehlis: Mezzo-soprano, and Wojciech Dabrowicz: Baritone. Nachts Joseph von Eichendorff Ich stehe in Waldesschatten Wie an des Lebens Rand, Die Länder wie dämmernde Matten. Der Strom wie ein silbern Band. Von fern nur schlagen die Glocken Über die Wälder herein, Ein Reh hebt den Kopf erschrocken Und schlummert gleich wieder ein. Der Wald aber rühret die Wipfel Im Traum von der Felsenwand, Denn der Herr geht über die Gipfel Und segnet das stille Land. Ende
21000904
Ferruccio Busoni discography


variations, Op. 17 (1883?) BV 206 Zweite Balletszene, Op. 20 (1884) BV 209 Variations and Fugue on the Prelude in C minor, Op. 28, no. 20, by Frédéric Chopin (1884) BV 213 Zehn Variationen über ein Präludium von Chopin, for piano (1922): from Klavierübung in Ten Books (Second Edition): Book 8: Variations and Variants on Chopin: Neun Variationen über ein Präludium von Chopin, an altered version of Variationen und Fuge in freier Form über
11571229
David Cassel


mainly for educational purposes; e.g., the above-mentioned "Sabbath-Stunden" and the following: In addition to these he edited, or contributed introductions and notes to, several scientific works of great value, of which the following may be mentioned: Cassel further wrote pamphlets on questions of the day, such as: ""Woher und Wohin? Zur Verständigung über Jüdische Reformbestrebungen"," Berlin, 1845; Cassel is also the author of all the articles dealing with Judaism and Jewish literature in Brockhaus' ""
18990168
Theodor Escherich


by Jean-Martin Charcot, the renowned neurologist. In 1886, after intensive laboratory investigations, Escherich published a monograph on the relationship of intestinal bacteria to the physiology of digestion in the infant. This work, presented to the medical faculty in München and published in Stuttgart, "Die Darmbakterien des Säuglings und ihre Beziehungen zur Physiologie der Verdauung" (1886) ("Enterobacteria of infants and their relation to digestion physiology"), was to become his habilitation treatise and established him as the leading bacteriologist in the field of paediatrics.br
13442404
Rudolf Pesch


Osborne und wörtlich übers. von Rudolf Pesch in Zusammenarbeit mit Ulrich Wilckens und Reinhard Kratz, Katholisches Bibelwerk, Stuttgart 2009, Die matthäischen Weihnachtsgeschichten : die Magier aus dem Osten, König Herodes und der bethlehemitsche Kindermord ; Mt 2 neu übersetzt und ausgelegt, Bonifatius, Paderborn, 2009, Der Jude Jesus von Nazareth : zum Gespräch zwischen Jacob Neusner und Papst Benedikt XVI., zusammen mit Achim Buckenmaier und Ludwig Weimer, Bonifatius, Paderborn, 2008, Gott ist gegenwärtig : die Versammlung des Volkes Gottes in Synagoge und Kirche, St Ulrich
20292345
Friedrich Heckmann


structural analysis evidenced a status of belonging of the so-called guest workers; in addition historical and internationally comparative analysis demonstrated that Germany had been transformed into a country of immigration. Conceptual and theoretical works of Heckmann contribute to a theory of minorities, to the concept of ethnic colony, to the dimensional analysis of integration processes and to the theory of prejudice as both attitude and ideology. Much of this found in his book “Ethnische Minderheiten, Volk und Nation. Soziologie inter-ethnischer Beziehungen (Enke 1992). Since the
12484521
Bra


that suspended the breasts from the shoulder to the upper torso. Women have played a large part in the design and manufacture of the bra, accounting for half the patents filed. The Dresden-based German, Christine Hardt, patented the first modern brassiere in 1899. Sigmund Lindauer from Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt, Germany, developed a brassiere for mass production in 1912 and patented it in 1913. It was mass-produced by Mechanische Trikotweberei Ludwig Maier und Cie. in Böblingen, Germany. In the United States, Mary Phelps
13487072
Oberhofen am Thunersee


Bernse Alps across the lake. The dominant feature of the village is the lakeside castle of Oberhofen, dating back to the Middle Ages, but constantly changed and updated throughout the ages. The castle today houses a division of the Historic Museum of Bern, and has a spectacular formal lakeside garden in the English style with many rare specimen trees. The Wichterheer estate, lakeside to the south of the castle, houses the Museum für Uhren und Mechanische Musik (Museum of Timekeeping and Mechanical Music) as well as an exhibit of 20th
1367701
Museum of Timekeeping and Mechanical Musical Instruments


The Museum of Timekeeping and Mechanical Musical Instruments (German: Museum für Uhren und mechanische Musikinstrumente, MUMM) is a museum in the village of Oberhofen am Thunersee, Switzerland, in the Bernese Oberland. It is dedicated to both horology and mechanical music. The museum is about halfway between the major tourist centers of Bern and Interlaken, and housed in the manor house of the historic Wichterheer estate, on the shore of Lake Thun (German: "Thunersee"). The core of the museum's collection consists of two formerly
1446580
Friedrich Berthold Reinke


One article, "Beziehungen des Lymphdruckes zu den Erscheinungen der Regeneration und des Wachstums" (Relations of the pressure of the lymph to the phenomena of regeneration and growth), encroaches on topics of Dr Barfurth's special expertise, and perhaps the investigation was undertaken as a challenge to him. His focus on investigational work at the expense of teaching was to be the final irritant in his relationship with Barfurth. On October 1, 1904, Barfurth suspended Reinke as demonstrator of the Institute of Anatomy for misconduct. Reasons cited in his
14764317
Hans Hollmann


Willisen and Paul-Günther Erbslöh started a company called Gesellschaft für elektroakustische und mechanische Apparate (GEMA). With Hollmann as a consultant, GEMA built a system using interference detection in the autumn of 1934. It operated at 50 cm wavelength and could detect ships up to 10 km distance. By 1935, they used pulse-modulation, allowing measurement of range (distance to the target), and developed the technology into two applications. For naval use, the "Seetakt" system used a wavelength of 80 cm. A
15516985
Julius von Ficker


the publication of Giesebrecht's "Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit", he was engaged in a literary controversy with the historian Heinrich von Sybel on the significance of the Holy Roman Empire. Ficker advocated and defended the theory that Austria, on account of its blending of races, was best fitted as successor of the old empire to secure the political advancement both of Central Europe and of Germany. In support of his theory, he wrote "Das deutsche Kaiserreich in seinen universalen und nationalen Beziehungen" (Innsbruck, 1871), and "
17063726
Censorship of YouTube


an agreement to show music videos in Finland. According to Teosto, they and Google have made a temporary agreement to show the videos in the morning of November 30. The music videos started to return to YouTube in Finland later on November 30. The blocking of YouTube videos in Germany on copyright grounds was part of a dispute between YouTube and the "Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungs- und mechanische Vervielfältigungsrechte" (Society for Musical Performing and Mechanical Reproduction Rights – GEMA), a performance rights organization in Germany. According to a German court
21357930
String Quartets (Schoenberg)


anzumuten. Ich löse mich in tönen, kreisend, webend, Ungründigen danks und unbenamten lobes Dem grossen atem wunschlos mich ergebend. Mich überfährt ein ungestümes wehen Im rausch der weihe wo inbrünstige schreie In staub geworfner beterinnen flehen: Dann seh ich wie sich duftige nebel lüpfen In einer sonnerfüllten klaren freie Die nur umfängt auf fernsten bergesschlüpfen. Der boden schüffert weiss und weich wie molke. Ich steige über schluchten ungeheuer. Ich fühle wie ich über letzter wolke In einem meer kristallnen glanzes schwimme— Ich bin ein funke nur vom heiligen feuer
16292333
Ernst von Herzog


historia descriptio institutorum expositio"" (1864). In his studies associated with Limes Germanicus, he conducted archaeological excavations at several sites in Württemberg — Rottenburg am Neckar (1883–84), near Öhringen (1892), and Mainhardt and Jagsthausen (1893). He was the author of a well-received work on the history and structure of the Roman Constitution, titled ""Geschichte und system der Römischen Staatsverfassung"" (2 volumes; 1884, 1891). In 1871 he published ""Untersuchungen über die bildungsgeschichte der
14497944
Heinrich Glücksmann


Heinrich Glücksmann (born 7 July 1864, in Rackschitz (, nearby Moravský Krumlov) – died June 1947, in Argentina) was a Moravian-born Austrian author. He began his literary career at 16, one of his first productions being ""Aufsätze über Frauensitten und Unsitten"", which appeared in the ""Wiener Hausfrauen-Zeitung"" under the pseudonym ""Henriette Namskilg" (Other pseudonym is "Fortunatus")". He then became a teacher in the Vienna School of Acting. From 1882
14716926
Karl Wilhelm Göttling


., and in 1852 accompanied Ludwig Preller (1809–1861) and Hermann Theodor Hettner (1821–1882) on a journey to Greece and Constantinople. He died in Jena, aged 75. In his early years Göttling devoted himself to German literature, and published two works on the Nibelungen: "Über des Geschichtliche im Nibelungenliede" (1814) and "Nibelungen und Gibelinen" (1817). The greater part of his life, however, was devoted to the study of classical literature, especially the elucidation of Greek authors. The
22045437
Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock


(“Ode to Lake Zurich”). It has been said that Klopstock's hymn "Die Auferstehung" at the funeral of Hans von Bülow in 1894 gave Gustav Mahler the inspiration for the final movement of his second Symphony. Mahler incorporated the hymn with extra verses he wrote himself to bring a personal resolution to this work. In addition to "Die Gelehrtenrepublik", he was also the author of "Fragmente über Sprache und Dichtkunst" (1779) and "Grammatische Gespräche" (1794), works in which he
3092869
Hans Georg von Schnering


years later (title of the thesis: “Über Oxo- und Thiozincate und -cadmate”). As a doctoral candidate, he also stayed in Göttingen to learn from the crystallographer Josef Zemann. Schnering habilitated with the title "Beiträge zur Chemie binärer und ternärer Halogeno- und Oxoverbindungen der Metalle" (Contributions to the chemistry of binary and ternary halogen and oxo compounds of metals) at the University of Münster in 1964. In 1966, he became a full professor of special inorganic chemistry at the University of Münster. In 1975, he
1070054
Christian Thomasius


a lecture on the topic "How One Should Emulate the French Way of Life," referring to the French use of their native language not only in everyday life but in scholarship as well; according to scholar Klaus Luig, this event marks the real beginning of the Enlightenment in Germany. In the following year he began publishing a monthly periodical ("Scherzhafte und ernsthafte, vernüftige" [sic] "und einfältige Gedanken über allerhand lustige und nutzliche Bücher und Fragen") in which he ridiculed the pedantic weaknesses of the learned
14042115
List of music periodicals indexed by RIPM


"Berliner musikalische Zeitung" (Berlin, 1844–1847) "Neue Berliner Musikzeitung" (Berlin, 1847–1896), "FT" "Rheinische Musik-Zeitung für Kunstfreunde und Künstler" (Cologne, 1850–1859) "Niederrheinische Musik-Zeitung" (Cologne, 1853–1867), "FT" "Fliegende Blätter für Musik" (Leipzig, 1855–1857), "FT" "Monatschrift für Theater und Musik" (Vienna, 1855–1865) +"Recensionen und Mittheilungen über Theater und Musik" (1859–1865) "Deutsche Musik-Zeitung"
17421208
Friedrich Maximilian Klinger


This series was closed in 1803 with "Betrachtungen und Gedanken über verschiedene Gegenstände der Welt und der Literatur". In these works, Klinger gives calm and dignified expression to the leading ideas which the period of Sturm und Drang had bequeathed to German classical literature. Klingers works were published in twelve volumes (1809–1815), also 1832–1833 and 1842. The most recent edition is in eight volumes (1878–1880); but none of these is complete. A selection will be found in A. Sauer, "Stürmer und Dränger", vol
3092333
Einheitsfrontlied


, ist! Reih dich ein in die Arbeitereinheitsfront, weil du auch ein Arbeiter bist. Und weil der Mensch ein Mensch ist, drum braucht er auch noch Kleider und Schuh! Es macht ihn ein Geschwätz nicht warm und auch kein Trommeln dazu. "Refrain" Und weil der Mensch ein Mensch ist, drum hat er Stiefel ins Gesicht nicht gern! Er will unter sich keinen Sklaven seh'n und über sich keinen Herr'n. "Refrain" Und weil der Prolet ein Prolet ist, drum wird ihn kein anderer befrei'n. Es kann
21300208
Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze


Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze (14 June 1885, in Görlitz – 11 July 1969, in Soest) was a German academic working in theology, social pedagogy and social ethics, as well as a pioneer of peace movements. After studying at several gymnasia, Siegmund-Schultze studied philosophy and theology in Breslau and Magdeburg. In 1908 he became the secretary of the "Church Committee for friendly relations between Great Britain and Germany" ("Kirchlichen Komitees zur Pflege freundschaftlicher Beziehungen zwischen Großbritannien und Deutschland") and later secretary to the "
11893655
Martina Löw


Martina Löw (born 9 January 1965 in Würzburg, West Germany) is a German sociologist. Martina Löw was graduated in 1993 at the Goethe-University Frankfurt by Marianne Rodenstein with the thesis "Raum ergreifen. Frauen zwischen Arbeit, sozialen Beziehungen und der Kultur des Selbst“. The habilitation was completed in 2000 in the Department of History, Philosophy and Social Sciences at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg and she was awarded the Christian Wolff Prize for her previous work, in particular for her habilitation thesis on Sociology of
1196659
German Music Archive


Deutsche Bücherei" formed one national library with two seats in Frankfurt and Leipzig. The DMA moved to Leipzig in 2010, to be housed in an extension of the "Deutsche Nationalbibliothek". Construction work began in 2006 and was completed in 2009. In July 2000, the DMA also assumed the role as repository for GEMA, "Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungs- und mechanische Vervielfältigungsrechte," a German music copyright organization. Since then, music publishers only have to submit copies to DMA, which covers both national archiving and copyright registration.
13165160
Erling von Mende


from the middle of the 19th century to the First World War"). Von Mende qualified as a university lecturer in 1979 in Cologne, specialising in Sinology and Manchu Studies. In 1982 he wrote a study, "China und die Staaten auf der koreanischen Halbinsel bis zum 12. Jh.: Eine Untersuchung zur Entwicklung der Formen zwischenstaatlicher Beziehungen in Ostasien" ("China and the states on the Korean peninsula until the 12th century: A study for the development of the forms of intergovernmental relations in Eastern Asia").
13630441
GEMA (German organization)


a prize to worthy employees. STAGMA continued its work after the Second World War, but under the title of GEMA ("Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungs- und mechanische Vervielfältigungsrechte") starting from August 24, 1947. was the chairman and general director from 1947 to 1989, to whom was dedicated the "Erich Schulze Fountain" in front of the GEMA headquarters in Munich. Starting in 1950, the chairman of the board of directors was Werner Egk. Both Schulze and Egk already occupied leading positions in STAGMA. Albrecht Dümling's book
1511450
German National Library


such publications as part of Germany's cultural heritage. The Library's highest management body, the Administrative Council, was expanded to include two MPs from the Bundestag. The law also changed the name of the library and its buildings in Leipzig, Frankfurt am Main and Berlin to "Deutsche Nationalbibliothek" (German National Library). In July 2000, the DMA also assumed the role as repository for GEMA, Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungs- und mechanische Vervielfältigungsrechte, a German music copyright organization. Since then, music publishers only have to submit
15427313
German Development Institute


Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) is structured like a public reference library. It has some 48,000 volumes, 150 periodicals and the most important German and English daily and weekly newspapers. The DIE places great value in maintaining and evaluating national and international periodicals. The evaluation follows the research and consulting activities of the DIE and the FIV rules. The DIE is a member of the German Information Network International Relations and Area Studies (Fachinformationsverbund Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde /FIV-IBLK). The indexing is part of the database "World
16192741
Radar in World War II


, initiated experiments in the microwave region to measure the distance to a target. For the transmitter, he obtained assistance from two radio amateur operators, Paul-Günther Erbslöh and Hans-Karl Freiherr von Willisen. In January 1934, they formed at Berlin-Oberschöneweide the company "Gesellschaft für Elektroakustische und Mechanische Apparate" (GEMA) for this work. Development of a "Funkmessgerät für Untersuchung" (radio measuring device for reconnaissance) soon began in earnest at GEMA. Hans Hollmann and Theodor Schultes, both affiliated with the prestigious
17439221
Ulrich Brand


the Master Study Programme "Global Political Economy of Sustainable Development" that starts in spring 2018. Ulrich Brand is a reviewer (among others) for: Antipode, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Environment & Planning C: Government & Policy, Environmental Politics, Environmental Values, Global Environmental Politics, Globalizations, , Review of International Political Economy, Review of Ecological Economics, Peripherie. Zeitschrift für Politik und Ökonomie in der Dritten Welt, Third World Quarterly, and Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen. Brand's main research interests are the crisis of
19803342
Jørgen Løvset


as a hospital doctor, he defended dr.med. degree work "Somatische Konstitutionszüge und Ihre Beziehungen zur Geburt des Kinder" in 1940. After the candidate service Løvset came to Orkanger as practitioner for four years. He started his hospital career in 1929, and visited several specialized departments before concentrating on obstetrics and gynecology, with education positions at three of the largest Norwegian institutions in the subject: "Rikshospitalets Kvinneklinikk" in Oslo, "Oslo Municipal Kvinneklinikk" and the "Kvinneklinikken at Haukeland sykehus". In 1931 he returned to Bergen
3249123
Copyright law of Germany


problems. Copyright collecting societies that collect royalties as part of compulsory licensing in the European Union (EU) usually hold monopolies in their respective national markets. In Germany, case law has established the so-called "", a presumption that works are managed by the Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungs- und mechanische Vervielfältigungsrechte (GEMA) due to its monopoly position. As such, in Germany the burden of proof is on the accused infringer that the work is not managed by GEMA. Germany has implemented the EU Copyright Directive 93/98/EEC
3613088