GNU IceCat [SEP] developer
GNU IceCat


GNU IceCat, formerly known as GNU IceWeasel, is a free software rebranding of the Mozilla Firefox web browser distributed by the GNU Project. It is compatible with GNU/Linux, Windows, Android and macOS. The GNU Project attempts to keep IceCat in synchronization with upstream development of Firefox while removing all trademarked artwork. It also maintains a large list of free software plugins. In addition, it features a few security features not found in the mainline Firefox browser. The Mozilla Corporation owns trademark to the Firefox name and denies the
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GNU IceCat


that the name would be changed to GNU IceCat from IceWeasel in the next release, so as to avoid confusion with Debian's separately maintained, unrelated rebranding of Firefox. The name change took place as planned and IceCat is the current name. GNU IceCat is available as a free download for the IA-32 and PowerPC architectures. Both binaries and source are available, though the current build is available only for GNU/Linux. Some distributions offer binary and source packages through their repositories, such as Trisquel, Parabola GNU/Linux-
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Gnuzilla


GNUzilla is the GNU version (a free software rebranding) of the Mozilla Application Suite (whose active successor is SeaMonkey). The name is a portmanteau of GNU and Mozilla. Mozilla produces free and open-source software, but the binaries include trademarked artwork. Some Mozilla add-ons or plugins are also non-free software. GNUzilla encompasses GNU IceCat, the GNU version of Mozilla's Firefox web browser. All releases are posted in the same FTP folder. GNU IceCat is actively updated. GNU IceCat releases follow the
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GNU IceCat


, 1.5, and 3.0, but the UI option was absent on 2.0). GNU IceCat also provides warnings for URL redirection. In version 3.0.2-g1, the certificate of CAcert.org, a certificate authority, has been added to the list of trusted root certificates. Concern about that decision has been raised in a discussion on the savannah-hackers-public mailing list. The GNU LibreJS extension detects and blocks non-free non-trivial JavaScript. IceCat also has functionality to set a different user agent string each for different domains in
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GNU IceCat


codice_1. For example, setting a non-mobile user agent string for a desired DNS domain would make it possible in Android to visit a non-mobile version of a website. (Fingerprinting countermeasures) Gnuzilla was available under the MPL/GPL/LGPL tri-license that Mozilla used for source code. Unlike Mozilla, IceCat's default icons are under the same tri-license. Suggestions were made for the Google Summer of Code of 2008 to improve GNU IceCat. These included: The proposal to port IceCat to the
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GNU LibreJS


many websites. It is developed as part of the GNU Project by Ruben Rodriguez and Nik Nyby and is included by default in the GNU IceCat browser. It can also work with Tor. The add-on allows site whitelisting and has an e-mail detection system for users to contact page webmasters in order to persuade them into making their JavaScript code compliant with LibreJS. According to the Free Software Foundation, many websites (if not whitelisted) break while using the add-on, due to the pervasiveness of proprietary JavaScript
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GNU IceCat


libre and Fedora. IceCat is also available for macOS 10.4 and higher. Any Mac user with these versions of macOS can install IceCat through Fink. For the Mac, it is available for both IA-32 & PowerPC architectures. Unofficial builds are avaliable for Windows (Vista or newer) and Android (2.3 or newer). IceCat includes additional security features, such as the option to block third party zero-length image files resulting in third-party cookies, also known as web bugs (This feature is available in Firefox 1.0
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GNU IceCat


because the artwork in Firefox had a proprietary copyright license at the time, which was not compatible with the Debian Free Software Guidelines, the substituted logo had to remain. In 2006, Mozilla withdrew their permission for Debian to use the Firefox name due to significant changes to the browser that Mozilla deemed outside the boundaries of its policy, changes which Debian felt were important enough to keep, and Debian revived the Iceweasel name in its place. Subsequently, on 23 September 2007, one of the developers of the GNU IceWeasel package announced
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Mozilla software rebranded by Debian


IceCat) but a rebranded Firefox created by the Debian project. The Debian maintainer has stated that he will "get in touch with [the GNU IceCat/IceWeasel team] to see what we can do together". Similarly, Debian renamed Mozilla Thunderbird and SeaMonkey to Icedove and Iceape, respectively. According to the "Debian Package Tracking System", Iceweasel, Icedove and Iceape were first accepted into the Debian project's "unstable" repository on November 20, 2006, on October 14, 2006, and on December 1
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GNU IceCat


Iceweasel route". In August 2005, the Gnuzilla project adopted the GNU IceWeasel name for a rebranded distribution of Firefox that made no references to nonfree plugins. The term "ice weasel" appeared earlier in a line which cartoonist Matt Groening fictionally attributed to Friedrich Nietzsche: ""Love is a snowmobile racing across the tundra and then suddenly it flips over, pinning you underneath. At night, the ice weasels come."" Debian was originally given permission to use the trademarks, and adopted the Firefox name. However,
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Firefox


either to comply with the published trademark guidelines or cease using the "Firefox" name in their distribution. Ultimately, Debian switched to branding their modified version of Firefox "Iceweasel" (but in 2016 switched back to Firefox), along with other Mozilla software. GNU IceCat is another derived version of Firefox distributed by the GNU Project, which maintains its own separate branding. Early Firebird and Phoenix releases of Firefox were considered to have reasonable visual designs, but fell short when compared to many other professional software packages. In October
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GNU IceCat


the name "Iceweasel" was coined to refer to rebranded versions of Firefox. The first known use of the name in this context is by Nathanael Nerode, in reply to Eric Dorland's suggestion of "Icerabbit". It was intended as a parody of "Firefox." Iceweasel was subsequently used as the example name for a rebranded Firefox in the Mozilla Trademark Policy, and became the most commonly used name for a hypothetical rebranded version of Firefox. By January 1, 2005, rebranding was being referred to as the "
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Firefox


Public License (MPL) version 2.0. This license permits anyone to view, modify, or redistribute the source code. As a result, several publicly released applications have been built from it, such as Netscape, Flock, Miro, GNU IceCat, Iceweasel, Songbird, Pale Moon, and Comodo IceDragon. In the past, Firefox was licensed solely under the MPL, then version 1.1, which the Free Software Foundation criticized for being weak copyleft, as the license permitted, in limited ways, proprietary derivative works. Additionally
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GNU IceCat


use of the name "Firefox" to unofficial builds that fall outside certain guidelines. Unless distributions use the binary files supplied by Mozilla, fall within the stated guidelines, or else have special permission, they must compile the Firefox source with a compile-time option enabled that creates binaries without the official branding of Firefox and related artwork, using either the built-in free artwork, or artwork provided at compile time. This policy led to a long debate within the Debian Project in 2004 and 2005. During this debate,
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GNewSense


enabled by default. In order to avoid trademark problems that stem from the modification of Mozilla Firefox, gNewSense 1.1 rebranded it as "BurningDog". BurningDog likewise does not offer to install non-free plugins for various web media, such as Adobe Flash. gNewSense 2.0 abandoned BurningDog and adopted the Epiphany web browser (later renamed simply "Web"), a component of GNOME, as its default browser application, and came with recommendations and instructions to optionally compile and run GNU IceCat. gNewSense 3.0 retains Web as the default
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Open Icecat


, xtCommerce and Roy Duineveld. Icecat Integration is a plugin to connect Icecat to Magento, PrestaShop, WooCommerce, VirtueMart, Zen Cart. Sync names, descriptions and features with the above eCommerce platforms. IceCART is a freeware plugin to connect Zencart to Icecat. With this tool you can easily associate the Icecat description to your Zencart products in the shop. Wicecat is a plugin that connects Prestashop with Icecat, it can be adapted to any shopping cart to update the technical information directly from Icecat. With the Open ICEcat Node.js package
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Gecko (software)


browsers using Gecko include GNU IceCat, Waterfox, K-Meleon, Lunascape, Portable Firefox, Conkeror, Classilla, TenFourFox. Other products using Gecko include Nightingale, Instantbird and Google's picture-organization software Picasa (for Linux). Gecko is also used by Sugar for the OLPC XO-1 computer. Gecko is used as a complete implementation of the XUL (XML User Interface Language). Gecko currently defines the XUL specification. Products that have historically used Gecko include Pale Moon (now currently using Goanna), Songbird, Epiphany
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Norfolk IceCats


The Norfolk IceCats were a semi-professional hockey team in the North Eastern Hockey League (NEHL) based in Simcoe, Ontario, Canada owned by Jim Cashman. The franchise was previously known as the York IceCats until a move to St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada in 2005. However, the league suspended operations for the season after only six games played. For the 2006-07 Season the IceCats were known as the Mohawk Valley IceCats, playing in Utica, New York. The IceCats played in the league Finals in both
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Open Icecat


Open Icecat is an Open Content project under the Open Content License in which a worldwide open catalogue is created for product information. Editors are participating manufacturers. The users of the product content are distributors, resellers, retailers, comparison websites or online shopping directories, enterprise resource planning systems or the manufacturers themselves. Open Icecat is as an open catalog, not to be confused with commercial catalogs like offered by Icecat Inc (Full Icecat), Gfk/Etilize and Cnet. Open Icecat began formally in December 2005 with 20 participating IT
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GNU Mach


GNU Mach is an implementation of the Mach microkernel. It is the default microkernel in the GNU Hurd. GNU Mach runs on IA-32 machines. GNU Mach is maintained by developers on the GNU project. It is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). Early versions of the Hurd were developed on top of CMU's Mach 3.0. In 1994, CMU stopped working on Mach, and the GNU Project switched to the University of Utah's Mach 4. The kernel known as "GNU Mach"
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Worcester IceCats


Late in the 1994–95 season, Boe and head coach/General Manager Jim Roberts negotiated a deal with the St. Louis Blues. From that point on the IceCats would be the Blues' premier minor league team. The Peoria Rivermen of the East Coast Hockey League, in turn, became the IceCats' minor league affiliate in 1998, having been with St. Louis before the 1994 Worcester deal. During the 2000–01 season, Boe sold the IceCats to the St. Louis Blues. The team celebrated its tenth season in the AHL in fall
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Open Icecat


Open Catalogue counted 11.800 e-business partners. Catalogues cover IT, CE, Telecom and Office. In November 2014, Open Icecat launched its LIVE version, a real-time JavaScript service, providing real-time inserts in client websites, as an alternative to URL format. The same year Open Icecat integrated new sectors in its catalogue such as Lighting and Beauty, L'Oréal Netherlands being one of the almost 300 sponsoring manufacturers. Open Icecat catalogue is used by over 70,000 online websites around the world. In 2019, the number
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GNU Hurd


GNU Hurd is the multiserver microkernel written as part of GNU. It has been under development since 1990 by the GNU Project of the Free Software Foundation, designed as a replacement for the Unix kernel, and released as free software under the GNU General Public License. While the Linux kernel soon proved to be a more viable solution, development of GNU Hurd continued, albeit at a slow pace. GNU Hurd consists of a set of protocols and server processes (or daemons, in Unix terminology) that run on the GNU Mach
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GNU MIX Development Kit


The GNU MIX Development Kit (GNU MDK) is a free software package for developing, running and debugging programs written in MIXAL, an assembly-like language for programming a hypothetical computer called MIX. GNU MDK is part of the GNU Project. Both MIX and MIXAL were created by mathematician and computer scientist Donald Knuth in the first volume of his textbook "The Art of Computer Programming", published in 1968. The GNU MDK, published in book form in 2002, was written by theoretical physics PhD Jose Antonio Ortega Ruiz
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Debian GNU/Hurd


Debian GNU/Hurd is a flavor of the Debian operating system based on the Hurd microkernel, instead of more common Debian kernels such as Linux or FreeBSD. Debian GNU/Hurd has been in development since 1998, and made a formal release in May 2013, with 78% of the software packaged for Debian GNU/Linux ported to the GNU Hurd. The Debian GNU/Hurd developers were hoping to be able to release it with Debian "Wheezy" in 2013. However, Hurd is not yet an official Debian release
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GNU/Linux naming controversy


GNU/Linux" is not an appropriate name for these systems. There are also systems that use a GNU userspace and/or C library on top of a non-Linux kernel, for example Debian GNU/Hurd (GNU userland on the GNU kernel) or Debian GNU/kFreeBSD (which uses the GNU coreutils and C library with the kernel from FreeBSD). The FSF justifies the name "GNU/Linux" primarily on the grounds that the GNU project was specifically developing a complete system, of which they argue that the
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GNU Project


, it was developed using GCC and other GNU programming tools and was released as free software under the GNU General Public License. As of present, the GNU project has not released a version of GNU/Hurd that is suitable for production environments since the commencement of the GNU/Hurd project over . Today a stable version (or variant) of GNU can be run by combining the GNU packages with the Linux kernel, making a functional Unix-like system. The GNU project calls this GNU/Linux, and the defining
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GNU


part of Red Hat. The system's basic components include the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), the GNU C library (glibc), and GNU Core Utilities (coreutils), but also the GNU Debugger (GDB), GNU Binary Utilities (binutils), the GNU Bash shell. GNU developers have contributed to Linux ports of GNU applications and utilities, which are now also widely used on other operating systems such as BSD variants, Solaris and macOS. Many GNU programs have been ported to other operating systems, including
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Worcester IceCats


The Worcester IceCats were an ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. They played in Worcester, Massachusetts, at the Worcester Centrum. In 2005 the team was renamed the Peoria Rivermen and moved to Peoria, Illinois. The IceCats got their start when original New York Islanders owner Roy Boe purchased the Springfield Indians AHL franchise and moved it to Worcester in the summer of 1994. The team began play in the Fall of 1994 with a collection of free-agent players but as yet with no National Hockey League team affiliation.
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Concurrent Versions System


distributed the program, labelling it "GNU package" on one page and "other GPL-licensed project" on another. In 2008, when development of CVS was transferred from the old website (cvshome.org) to the GNU Savannah hosting platform, it was placed in the "non-GNU" section. Further, on GNU's FTP download server, CVS is distributed in the "non-gnu" directory. Over time, developers have created new version control systems based on CVS in order to add features, alter
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GNU toolchain


The GNU toolchain is a broad collection of programming tools produced by the GNU Project. These tools form a toolchain (a suite of tools used in a serial manner) used for developing software applications and operating systems. The GNU toolchain plays a vital role in development of Linux, some BSD systems, and software for embedded systems. Parts of the GNU toolchain are also directly used with or ported to other platforms such as Solaris, macOS, Microsoft Windows (via Cygwin and MinGW/MSYS) and Sony PlayStation 3. Projects
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GNU Radio


by Ben Hilburn as the Project Lead, and Johnathan Corgan, a long-time maintainer, as the Chief Architect. In January 2018, Johnathan Corgan retired from his role in GNU Radio and was replaced by Marcus Müller . The GNU Radio Companion is a graphical UI used to develop GNU Radio applications. This is the front-end to the GNU Radio libraries for signal processing. GRC was developed by Josh Blum during his studies at Johns Hopkins University (2006-2007), then distributed as free software for the "
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Libburnia


ISO 9660 filesystems and allows session-wise manipulation of such filesystems. It can load the management information of existing ISO images and it writes the session results to optical media or to filesystem objects. Vice versa xorriso is able to copy file objects out of ISO 9660 filesystems. It provides a command-line interface for single operations as well as GNU Readline and Dialog-based interfaces. The first public release of libburnia, libburn-0.2.2, was in September 2006. The current stable version is 1.5.0, which was released on Sep 15
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Idaho IceCats


name to the Idaho IceCats after the ECHL Steelheads asked the organization to change their to prevent confusion. The new logo is based off another previously Olver-coached team, the Tacoma Sabercats. After the 2017–18 season, Olver stepped down again, leading to the IceCats ceasing operations. AAU Sanctioned Junior A National ChampionshipIn 2013 and 2014, the Midwest Junior Hockey League (MWJHL), Northern States Hockey League (NSHL), and the Western States Hockey League (WSHL) advanced two teams each to the tournament.There was no
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XEmacs


has implemented many formerly XEmacs-only features. This has led some users to proclaim XEmacs' death, advocating that its developers contribute to GNU Emacs instead. Many major packages, such as Gnus and Dired, were formerly developed to work with both, although the main developer of Gnus has announced his intention to move the Gnus tree into the main Emacs trunk and remove XEmacs compatibility code, citing other packages similarly dropping XEmacs support. In December 2015 project maintainer Stephen J. Turnbull posted a message to an XEmacs development list stating the
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GNU Emacs


version of GNU Emacs 19, was developed beginning in 1991 by Jamie Zawinski and others at Lucid Inc. One of the best-known forks in free software development occurred when the codebases of the two Emacs versions diverged and the separate development teams ceased efforts to merge them back into a single program. After Lucid filed for bankruptcy, Lucid Emacs was renamed XEmacs and remains the second most popular variety of Emacs, after GNU Emacs. XEmacs development has slowed, with the most recent stable version 21.4.22 released in January 2009, while GNU
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GNU


-party components, most of GNU has been written by volunteers; some in their spare time, some paid by companies, educational institutions, and other non-profit organizations. In October 1985, Stallman set up the Free Software Foundation (FSF). In the late 1980s and 1990s, the FSF hired software developers to write the software needed for GNU. As GNU gained prominence, interested businesses began contributing to development or selling GNU software and technical support. The most prominent and successful of these was Cygnus Solutions, now
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Idaho IceCats


The Idaho IceCats, formerly called the Idaho Jr. Steelheads, were a junior ice hockey team based in McCall, Idaho. The IceCats played in the Western States Hockey League (WSHL). Home games were held at Manchester Ice & Event Centre in McCall. The team previously played some home games at Idaho Ice World and CenturyLink Arena in Boise, the latter being the home of the ECHL Idaho Steelheads. The team had been one of the most successful in the WSHL, winning five Thorne Cup championships over six seasons and appeared
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Integrated development environment


, and PHP, which are selected between automatically based on file extension, environment or project settings. Unix programmers can combine command-line POSIX tools into a complete development environment, capable of developing large programs such as the Linux kernel and its environment. In this sense, the entire Unix system functions as an IDE. The free software GNU tools (GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), GNU Debugger (gdb), and GNU make) are available on many platforms, including Windows. The pervasive Unix philosophy of "everything
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GNU Project


of the GNU General Public License. Combined with the operating system utilities already developed by the GNU project, it allowed for the first operating system that was free software, commonly known as Linux. The project's current work includes software development, awareness building, political campaigning and sharing of the new material. Richard Stallman announced his intent to start coding the GNU Project in a Usenet message in September 1983. When the GNU project first started they had an Emacs text editor with Lisp for writing editor commands, a source level debugger
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Revive Adserver


Revive Adserver is an open-source advertising server that is licensed under the GNU General Public License. It features an integrated banner management interface and tracking system for gathering statistics. It used to be known under different names in the past, most recently as OpenX Source. In Sep 2013, OpenX Source was sold to Andrew Hill and rebranded Revive Adserver. The current code base for OpenX Enterprise and Revive Adserver (formerly known as OpenX Source) are completely separate. The software enables web site administrators to rotate banners from both in
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XEmacs


editor usually show up in the other sooner or later. Furthermore, many developers contribute to both projects. The XEmacs project has a policy of maintaining compatibility with the GNU Emacs API. For example, it provides a compatibility-layer implementing overlays via the native extent functionality. "XEmacs developers strive to keep their code compatible with GNU Emacs, especially on the Lisp level." As XEmacs development has slowed—the most recent stable version 21.4.22 was released in January 2009—XEmacs has incorporated much code from GNU Emacs, while GNU Emacs
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GNU GRUB


Project and opened the development process to the public. , the majority of Linux distributions have adopted GNU GRUB 2, as well as other systems such as Sony's PlayStation 4. GRUB version 1 (also known as "GRUB Legacy") is no longer under development and is being phased out. The GNU GRUB developers have switched their focus to GRUB 2, a complete rewrite with goals including making GNU GRUB cleaner, more robust, more portable and more powerful. GRUB 2 started under the name PUPA. PUPA was supported
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Richard Stallman


GNU Emacs, and wrote the GNU General Public License. Stallman launched the GNU Project in September 1983 to create a Unix-like computer operating system composed entirely of free software. With this, he also launched the free software movement. He has been the GNU project's lead architect and organizer, and developed a number of pieces of widely used GNU software including, among others, the GNU Compiler Collection, GNU Debugger, and GNU Emacs text editor. In October 1985 he founded the Free Software Foundation. Stallman pioneered the
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GNU


proprietary platforms such as Microsoft Windows and macOS. GNU programs have been shown to be more reliable than their proprietary Unix counterparts. As of November 2015, there are a total of 466 GNU packages (including decommissioned, 383 excluding) hosted on the official GNU development site. The official kernel of GNU Project was the GNU Hurd microkernel; however, as of 2012, the Linux kernel became officially part of the GNU Project in the form of Linux-libre, a variant of Linux with all proprietary components removed. With the
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GNU Project


the Linux kernel "GNU/Linux", and asks others to do the same, resulting in the GNU/Linux naming controversy. Today most Linux distros combine GNU packages with a Linux kernel which contains proprietary binary blobs and a number of proprietary programs. The GNU Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG) is a system distribution commitment used to explain what it means for an installable system distribution (such as a GNU/Linux distribution) to qualify as free (libre), and help distribution developers make their distributions qualify
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Gnus


receive Gnus bundled with their copy of GNU Emacs and only need to worry about version numbers if they want to upgrade to newer versions themselves instead of receiving updates through Emacs or their operating system's packaging system. The following versions have been released: The odd minor version numbers, like 5.3 and 5.5 are for the Gnus versions bundled with GNU Emacs. The even version numbers are the unbundled releases. So for example, Gnus 5.5 is similar to Gnus 5.4, but bundled with Emacs 20.1. Development is done using "named
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GNU lightning


on the SPARC and MIPS architectures—into the target architecture's machine language. It does not provide register allocation, data-flow or control-flow analysis, or optimization. GNU lightning's instruction set is based loosely on existing RISC architectures. When required instructions handle data with these 9 types: Racket, GNU Smalltalk, GNU Guile, and CLISP make use of GNU lightning for just-in-time compilation. GNU lightning was first developed as a tool to be used in GNU Smalltalk's dynamic translator from bytecodes to
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History of free and open-source software


the GNU General Public License was published. A slightly updated version 2 was published in 1991. In 1989, some GNU developers formed the company Cygnus Solutions. The GNU project's kernel, later called "GNU Hurd", was continually delayed, but most other components were completed by 1991. Some of these, especially the GNU Compiler Collection, had become market leaders in their own right. The GNU Debugger and GNU Emacs were also notable successes. The Linux kernel, started by Linus Torvalds, was released as freely modifiable
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GNU Manifesto


The GNU Manifesto was written by Richard Stallman and published in March 1985 in "Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools" as an explanation of goals of the GNU Project, and as a call for support and participation in developing GNU, a free software computer operating system. It is held in high regard within the free software movement as a fundamental philosophical source. The full text is included with GNU software such as Emacs, and is publicly available. Some parts of the "GNU Manifesto" begun as an announcement of the
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GNU Project


, "everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system so that one could get along without any software that is not free." Stallman decided to call this operating system "GNU" (a recursive acronym meaning ""GNU's not Unix!""), basing its design on that of Unix, a proprietary operating system. Development was initiated in January 1984. In 1991, the Linux kernel appeared, developed outside the GNU project by Linus Torvalds, and in December 1992 it was made available under version 2
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GNU Radio


US) to Eric Blossom for code creation and project-management duties. GNU Radio began as a fork of the Pspectra code that was developed by the SpectrumWare project at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In 2004, a complete rewrite of GNU Radio was completed, so today GNU Radio no longer has any original Pspectra code. Also of note is that the Pspectra codebase has been used as the foundation of the commercial Vanu Software Radio. Matt Ettus joined the project as one of the first developers, and created
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GNU Project


computer parts, or even their own time to write code and programs for the project. The origins and development of most aspects of the GNU Project (and free software in general) are shared in a detailed narrative in the Emacs help system. (C-h g runs the Emacs editor command describe-gnu-project.) It is the same detailed history as at their web site. The GNU Manifesto was written by Richard Stallman to gain support and participation in the GNU Project. In the GNU Manifesto, Stallman
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GNU Project


features are the combination of: Within the GNU website, a list of projects is laid out and each project has specifics for what type of developer is able to perform the task needed for a certain piece of the GNU project. The skill level ranges from project to project but anyone with background knowledge in programming is encouraged to support the project. The packaging of GNU tools, together with the Linux kernel and other programs, is usually called a Linux distribution (distro). The GNU Project calls the combination of GNU and
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Richard Stallman


Stallman refers to this operating system as "a variant of GNU, and the GNU Project is its principal developer". He claims that the connection between the GNU project's philosophy and its software is broken when people refer to the combination as merely Linux. Starting around 2003, he began also using the term "GNU+Linux", which he pronounces , to prevent others from pronouncing the phrase "GNU/Linux" as , which would erroneously imply that the kernel Linux is maintained by the GNU project. . The creator of
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Dink Smallwood


new players would be streamlined. After eight-and-a-half months of development and numerous builds of alpha, beta, and release candidate testing involving the community, "Dink Smallwood" 1.08 was released as community-fixed version on March 10, 2006. The GNU GPL licensed GNU FreeDink fork, which is developed under the GNU Project umbrella, works on replacing the last proprietary sounds to make the game completely Free software. GNU FreeDink was ported to a variety of platforms including the PlayStation Portable, Linux, AmigaOS
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Ghostscript


by L. Peter Deutsch for the GNU Project, and released under the GNU General Public License in 1986. Later, Deutsch formed Aladdin Enterprises to dual-license Ghostscript also under a proprietary license with an own development fork: "Aladdin Ghostscript" under the Aladdin Free Public License (which, despite the name, is not a free software license, as it forbids commercial distribution) and "GNU Ghostscript" distributed with the GNU General Public License. With version 8.54 in 2006, both development branches were merged again, and dual
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GNU variants


combines the GNU userland (with the exception of libc; OpenSolaris' libc is used) and Debian's packaging and organisation with the OpenSolaris kernel. Nexenta OS is available for IA-32 and x86-64 based systems. Nexenta Systems, Inc initiated the project and sponsors its continued development. Nexenta OS is not considered a GNU variant, due to the use of OpenSolaris libc. Multiple Illumos distributions use GNU userland by default. The Cygwin project is an actively-developed compatibility layer in the form of a C library providing a substantial
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Source Mage


afterwards, Kyle Sallee took Sorcerer GNU/Linux offline. The remaining Sorcerer GNU/Linux development team brought it back online and continued development. A month later, Kyle Sallee brought his version of Sorcerer back online with a new license that prevented forking, dropping GNU/Linux from the name. Consequently, at the request of Sallee, the Sorcerer GNU/Linux team renamed their project Source Mage. Source Mage's tagline is "Linux so advanced, it may as well be magic", and its commands have a "
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GNU Health


disciplinary international team of contributors. In August 2011, Richard Stallman declared GNU Health an official GNU Package. Following this, development was moved from SourceForge to GNU Savannah. GNU Health is intended for health institutions and governments, with functionality to take care of the daily clinical practice, manage resources, and to improve public health. GNU Health uses a modular approach around the kernel, with different functionality that can be included to meet the health center's needs. Some of the main packages are: GNUHealthCon is an annual conference organized
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GNU/Linux naming controversy


/Linux" note that "GNU" alone would be just as good a name for GNU variants which combine the GNU operating system software with software from other sources. "GNU/Linux" is a term promoted by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) and its founder Richard Stallman. Proponents call for the correction of the more extended term, on the grounds that it doesn't give credit to the major contributor and the associated free software philosophy. GNU is a longstanding project begun in 1984 to develop a free operating system
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GNU/Linux naming controversy


free software and Open-source software systems are composed of software by many different authors, including the Linux kernel developers, the GNU project, and other vendors such as those behind the X Window System. Desktop- and server-based distributions use GNU components such as the GNU C Library (glibc), GNU Core Utilities (Coreutils), and bash. In a 2002 analysis of the source code for Red Hat Linux 7.1, a typical Linux distribution, the total size of the packages from the GNU project was found to
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GNU Readline


's settings. GNU Readline is notable for being a free software library which is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). Free software libraries are far more often licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), for example, the GNU C Library, GNU gettext and FLTK. A developer of an application who chooses to link to an LGPL licensed library can use any license for the application. But linking to a "GPL" licensed library such as Readline requires the "entire" combined resulting application
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GNU variants


variety of systems ranging from embedded devices (for example, LibreCMC) and personal computers (for example, Debian GNU/Hurd) to powerful supercomputers (for example, Rocks Cluster Distribution). Hurd is the official kernel developed for the GNU system (before Linux-libre also became an official GNU package). Debian GNU/Hurd was discussed for a release as technology preview with Debian 7.0 Wheezy, however these plans were discarded due to the immature state of the system. However the maintainers of Debian GNU/Hurd decided
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Seismic Unix


visit to SEP Einar introduced SY to Shuki Ronen, then a graduate student at Stanford. Ronen further developed SY from 1984 to 1986. Other students at SEP started to use it and contributed code and ideas. SY was inspired by much other software developed at SEP and benefited from the foundations laid by Claerbout and many of his students; Rob Clayton, Stew Levin, Dave Hale, Jeff Thorson, Chuck Sword, and others who pioneered seismic processing on Unix in the seventies and early eighties. In 1986, Shuki Ronen brought
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GNU Mach


was derived from Mach 4 once Utah stopped development. The first ChangeLog entry by Thomas Bushnell (rather than by a Utah researcher) is from 16 December 1996. In 2002, Roland McGrath branched the OSKit-Mach branch from GNU Mach 1.2, intending to replace all the device drivers and some of the hardware support with code from OSKit. After the release of GNU Mach 1.3, this branch was intended to become the GNU Mach 2.0 main line; however, as of 2006, OSKit-Mach is not being developed.
16888762
GNU/Linux naming controversy


Torvalds released the first version of the Linux kernel. Early Linux developers ported GNU code, including the GNU C Compiler, to run on Linux. The free software community adopted the use of the Linux kernel as the missing kernel for the GNU operating system. This work filled the remaining gaps in providing a completely free operating system. Over the next few years, several suggestions arose for naming operating systems using the Linux kernel and GNU components. In 1992, the Yggdrasil Linux distribution adopted the name "Linux/GNU/X
19370608
Luis Falcón


to create GNU Health. Luis Falcón defines GNU Health as a "Social Project with some technology behind". GNU Health was the first Free Software project that clearly focused on Public Health and Social Medicine. On November 11th 2011, Luis Falcón, president of GNU Solidario and Mohamed Salleh, director of United Nations University, Institute for Global health signed an agreement to deploy GNU Health Hospital and Information System globally, particularly in the developing countries. In 2012, the Ministry of Health of Jamaica decided to adopt and customize GNU Health
8023302
SEP-363856


SEP-363856 (also known as SEP-856 for short) is an investigational antipsychotic that is undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease psychosis. The medication is being developed by the pharmaceutical companies Sunovion Pharmaceuticals and PsychoGenics Inc. The adverse effect profile of SEP-363856 differs from that of other antipsychotics because its mechanism of action does not involve antagonism of dopamine receptors in the brain, which is responsible for the drug-induced movement disorders (like akathisia) that may occur with those agents. Some adverse events reported in preliminary clinical trials
17922367
Gnus


versions", whose first letters run backwards in the alphabet; "No Gnus" v0.19 was released in early 2012, and development transitioned to "Ma Gnus". No named version ever reaches 1.0, instead when it is considered stable enough for general release, it sheds its name and gets packaged with as simply "Gnus version number". Entering the "V" command in the Groups buffer of a running copy of Gnus will usually cause it to divulge a version number, but there is no easy way for an
18225790
GNU


The GNU Project recommends that contributors assign the copyright for GNU packages to the Free Software Foundation, though the Free Software Foundation considers it acceptable to release small changes to an existing project to the public domain. However, this is not required; package maintainers may retain copyright to the GNU packages they maintain, though since only the copyright holder may enforce the license used (such as the GNU GPL), the copyright holder in this case enforces it rather than the Free Software Foundation. For the development of needed software, Stallman
11577520
GNU Hurd


full name "GNU Hurd" is also a play on the words "herd of gnus", reflecting how the kernel works. The logo is called the "Hurd boxes" and it also reflects on architecture. The logo is a graph where nodes represent the Hurd kernel's servers and directed edges are IPC messages. Richard Stallman founded the GNU Project in September 1983 with an aim to create a free GNU operating system. Initially the components required for kernel development were written: editors, shell, compiler and all the others
12884860
GNU General Public License


to choose between the original terms or the terms in new versions as updated by the FSF. Developers can omit it when licensing their software; for instance the Linux kernel is licensed under GPLv2 without the "any later version" clause. The GPL was written by Richard Stallman in 1989, for use with programs released as part of the GNU project. The original GPL was based on a unification of similar licenses used for early versions of GNU Emacs (1985), the GNU Debugger and the GNU C Compiler. These licenses
21567899
List of GNU packages


A number of notable software packages were developed for, or are maintained by, the Free Software Foundation as part of the GNU Project. Summarising the situation in 2013, Richard Stallman identified nine aspects which generally apply to being a GNU package, but he noted that exceptions and flexibility are possible when there are good reasons: There is no official "base system" of the GNU operating system. GNU was designed to be a replacement for Unix operating systems of the 1980s and used the POSIX standards as a guide, but either
3774549
Unix


effort to create a free software Unix-like system; "free" in the sense that everyone who received a copy would be free to use, study, modify, and redistribute it. The GNU project's own kernel development project, GNU Hurd, had not yet produced a working kernel, but in 1991 Linus Torvalds released the Linux kernel as free software under the GNU General Public License. In addition to their use in the Linux operating system, many GNU packages – such as the GNU Compiler Collection (and the
8932370
GNU Project


kernel and the compiler were finished, GNU was able to be used for program development. The main goal was to create many other applications to be like the Unix system. GNU was able to run Unix programs but was not identical to it. GNU incorporated longer file names, file version numbers, and a crashproof file system. The GNU Manifesto was written to gain support and participation from others for the project. Programmers were encouraged to take part in any aspect of the project that interested them. People could donate funds,
1262185
History of free and open-source software


have uses also. In response to legal issues with patents and the DMCA, the Free Software Foundation released version 3 of its GNU Public License in 2007 that explicitly addressed the DMCA's digital rights management (DRM) provisions and patent rights. After the development of the GNU GPLv3, as copyright holder of many pieces of the GNU system, such as the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) software, the FSF updated most of the GNU programs' licenses from GPLv2 to GPLv3. Apple, a user of GCC, and a
16187756
Richard Stallman


build automator (GNU make). The notable omission was a kernel. In 1990, members of the GNU project began using Carnegie Mellon's Mach microkernel in a project called GNU Hurd, which has yet to achieve the maturity level required for full POSIX compliance. In 1991, Linus Torvalds, a Finnish student, used the GNU's development tools to produce the free monolithic Linux kernel. The existing programs from the GNU project were readily ported to run on the resultant platform. Most sources use the name "Linux" to
21410467
GNU GRUB


GNU GRUB (short for GNU GRand Unified Bootloader, commonly referred to as GRUB) is a boot loader package from the GNU Project. GRUB is the reference implementation of the Free Software Foundation's Multiboot Specification, which provides a user the choice to boot one of multiple operating systems installed on a computer or select a specific kernel configuration available on a particular operating system's partitions. GNU GRUB was developed from a package called the "Grand Unified Bootloader" (a play on Grand Unified Theory). It is predominantly used for
3944009
GNU Chess


GNU Chess is a free software chess engine which plays a full game of chess against a human being or other computer program. The goal of GNU Chess is to serve as a basis for research. It has been used in numerous research contexts. GNU Chess is free software, licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or any later version, and is maintained by collaborating developers. As one of the earliest computer chess programs with full source code available, it is one of the oldest for Unix-
8903010
GNU Project


guidelines were used as a basis for the FSDG. From the mid-1990s onward, with many companies investing in free software development, the Free Software Foundation redirected its funds toward the legal and political support of free software development. Software development from that point on focused on maintaining existing projects, and starting new projects only when there was an acute threat to the free software community. One of the most notable projects of the GNU Project is the GNU Compiler Collection, whose components have been adopted as the standard compiler system on many Unix
1262196
GNU Classpath


GNU Classpath is a free software implementation of the standard class library for the Java programming language. Most classes from J2SE 1.4 and 5.0 are implemented. Classpath can thus be used to run Java-based applications. GNU Classpath is a part of the GNU Project. It was originally developed in parallel with libgcj due to license incompatibilities, but later the two projects merged. GNU Classpath was deemed a high priority project by the Free Software Foundation. When the Classpath project began, the license for the official Java implementation from Sun Microsystems
12621526
GNU Project


, a yacc-compatible parser generator, and a linker". The GNU system required its own C compiler and tools to be free software, so these also had to be developed. By June 1987, the project had accumulated and developed free software for an assembler, an almost finished portable optimizing C compiler (GCC), an editor (GNU Emacs), and various Unix utilities (such as codice_1, codice_2, codice_3, codice_4 and codice_5). They had an initial kernel that needed more updates. Once the
1262184
GNU/Linux naming controversy


(author of BitKeeper, once used to manage Linux kernel development) opined that "claiming credit only makes one look foolish and greedy". Many users and vendors who prefer the name "Linux," such as Jim Gettys, one of the original developers of the X Window System, point to the inclusion of non-GNU, non-kernel tools, such as KDE, LibreOffice, and Firefox, in end-user operating systems based on the Linux kernel: Although "GNU/Linux" is often pronounced without
19370625
Pine (email client)


their position in this matter. In reaction, some developers forked version 3.91 under the name MANA (for "Mail And News Agent") to avoid the trademark issue and the GNU Project adopted it as GNU Mana. Richard Stallman claims that the University of Washington threatened to sue the Free Software Foundation for distributing the modified Pine program, resulting in the development of MANA ceasing and no versions being released. The Pico clone GNU nano was also written due to the change in licensing terms of Pine and Pico, as explained by
20516975
Huayra GNU/Linux


Huayra GNU/Linux is a Linux distribution developed by the Argentine government from the ANSES and "Conectar Igualdad". It's based on the Debian architecture. Having been released in the GNU GPL license, Huayra is free software. The Huayra team develops educational applications designed for students and teachers. There are also other applications that, while not educational, are designed for young kids. “Share files easily between Netbooks without the need of an internet connection". “Use stopmotion to create your own animated shorts". “
20889845
Illumos


Illumos to evolve into a kernel of its own. , efforts focused on libc, the NFS lock manager, the crypto module and many device drivers to create a Solaris-like OS with no closed, proprietary code. , development emphasis includes transitioning from the historical compiler, Studio, to GCC. The "userland" software is now built with GNU make and contains many GNU utilities such as GNU tar. Illumos is lightly led by founder Garrett D'Amore and other community members/developers such as Bryan Cantrill and Adam Leventhal,
7258046
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
Debian GNU/Hurd


, and is maintained and developed as an unofficial port. According to the GNU/Hurd compatibility guide, the current version is compatible with laptops but there is no PCMCIA support yet. As of 2019 Debian GNU/Hurd has several shortcomings. Among them are it is only offered for i386, it uses the ext2 filesystem, and DHCP does not work. The roadmap includes plans to migrate to ext4 filesystem. If using DHCP then the machine will hang during boot. Debian GNU/Hurd is distributed as an installer CD (
8831820
Splitterskyddad EnhetsPlattform


The SEP modular armoured vehicle ("Splitterskyddad enhetsplattform"), Swedish for "Fragmentation Protected Standard Platform", is a hybrid diesel-electric powered armoured fighting vehicle developed by BAE Systems AB. The vehicle is codenamed "Thor". The first demonstration models were produced in 2000 (tracked) and 2003 (wheeled). It was originally contracted by the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration. The series-hybrid electric drivetrains for both the wheeled (SEP-W) and two generations of tracked (SEP-T) vehicles were
19381499
GNU Hurd


splendidly and the world would be a very different place today". In 1987 Richard Stallman proposed using the Mach microkernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University. Work on this was delayed for three years due to uncertainty over whether CMU would release the Mach code under a suitable license. With the release of the Linux kernel in 1991, the primary user of GNU's userland components soon became operating systems based on the Linux kernel (Linux distributions), prompting the coining of the term "GNU/Linux". Development of the Hurd
12884862
GNU Hurd


has proceeded slowly. Despite an optimistic announcement by Stallman in 2002 predicting a release of GNU/Hurd later that year, the Hurd is still not considered suitable for production environments. Development in general has not met expectations, and there are still a significant number of bugs and missing features. This has resulted in a poorer product than many (including Stallman) had expected. In 2010, after twenty years under development, Stallman said that he was "not very optimistic about the GNU Hurd. It makes some progress, but
12884863
GNU Bazaar


GNU arch and Baz. It has a different command set and is a completely different codebase and design. Bazaar was originally intended as a test-bed for features to be later integrated into Baz, but by mid-2005 many of the major Baz developers had begun working primarily on Bazaar directly and Baz was abandoned. Version 1.0 of Bazaar was released in December 2007. In February 2008, Bazaar became a GNU Project. In April 2012 Martin Pool left Canonical and the pace of development of the project has recently slowed down. According
15523939
GNU Emacs


in particular a full-featured Lisp as its extension language, and soon replaced Gosling Emacs as the "de facto" Unix Emacs editor. Markus Hess exploited a security flaw in GNU Emacs' email subsystem in his 1986 cracking spree, in which he gained superuser access to Unix computers. Although users commonly submitted patches and Elisp code to the net.emacs newsgroup, participation in GNU Emacs development was relatively restricted until 1999, and was used as an example of the "Cathedral" development style in "The Cathedral and the Bazaar"
16534301
IT@School Project


and open source software such as KToon, Gimp, OpenShot Video Editor and Audacity. IT@School GNU/Linux is a Debian based GNU/Linux distribution that was created for the IT@School project to impart ICT education in public schools in the state. The distribution was originally developed by SPACE and is currently being maintained by the internal team at IT@School project. IT@School Project has rolled out several programmes which included the development of its own Operating System - IT@School GNU/Linux- which is now being used in all the schools in the state.
20421500
GNU GRUB


kernel into memory and passes control to the kernel. Alternatively, GRUB can pass control of the boot process to another boot loader, using "chain loading". This is the method used to load operating systems that do not support the Multiboot Specification or are not supported directly by GRUB. GRUB was initially developed by Erich Boleyn as part of work on booting the operating system GNU/Hurd, developed by the Free Software Foundation. In 1999, Gordon Matzigkeit and Yoshinori K. Okuji made GRUB an official software package of the GNU
3944021
MinGW


MinGW ("Minimalist GNU for Windows"), formerly mingw32, is a free and open source software development environment to create Microsoft Windows applications. The development of the MinGW project has slowed down since the creation in 2013 of an alternative project called MinGW-w64 by a different author. MinGW includes a port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), GNU Binutils for Windows (assembler, linker, archive manager), a set of freely distributable Windows specific header files and static import libraries which enable the use of the
5171766
Gna!


, the GNU Savannah server was replaced by FSF after a security compromise. A dispute broke out between FSF, who owned Savannah, and Savannah's maintainers, including developers of the Savannah software over the levels of administration the FSF should be given. FSF announced that it was going to switch to GForge, leaving frayed tempers among the developers, as result of a conflict about Savannah maintainers' role. In January 2004, Loïc Dachary (who also started GNU Savannah) and several former GNU Savannah maintainers set up "Gna!
5960748
Cygwin


as a DLL. It is free and open-source software, released under the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3. Today it is maintained by employees of Red Hat, NetApp and many other volunteers. Cygwin consists of a library that implements the POSIX system call API in terms of Win32 system calls, a GNU development toolchain (including GCC and GDB) to allow software development, and running of a large number of application programs equivalent to those on Unix systems. Programmers have ported many Unix, GNU, BSD and
6976890
Steven McGeady


for GNU Compiler Collection (gcc) and led the team that developed a suite of tools including a globally optimizing, trace-driven optimizer for gcc and the first GNU Debugger (gdb) port to a remote, stand-alone system. He hired Cygnus Support to integrate those changes into the mainline GNU tools and to improve the tools' ability to deal with many object file formats. McGeady was Vice-President of Intel's Multimedia, Communications, and Internet activities from 1990 through 1996, where he led the development of
7784786