Jean-Martin de Prades [SEP] languages spoken or written
Jean-Martin de Prades


Paris again inscribed the Abbé upon the list of bachelors. The Abbé de Prades became the archdeacon of the Chapter of Glogau, and died at Glogau in 1782. The "Apology" consists of two parts: a third part contained "reflexions upon the Pastoral Letter of the bishop of Montauban and the Pastoral Instruction of the bishop of Auxerre" as written by Diderot. Gabriel Brotier published "the Survey of the Apology of the Abbé de Prades" (1753). The question is whether the Abbé de Prades is not the
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Jean-Martin de Prades


author of an "Apology of the Abbé de Prades" in verse. Besides the works quoted, he left an "Abrégé de l'histoire ecclésiastique de Fleury", tr. Berne (Berlin, 1767), II vols., with an anti-Catholic preface written by Frederick II [citation needed]. According to Quérard, he left in manuscript a complete translation of Tacitus, which remains unpublished. What has become of the manuscript is unknown. It is said also that he worked, before leaving France, at a
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Jean-Martin de Prades


Jean-Martin de Prades (c.1720–1782) was a French Catholic theologian. He became famous through a thesis he presented that was considered irreligious. Prades was born at Castelsarrasin, Tarn-et-Garonne. Having finished his preliminary studies, he went to Paris, where he lived in many seminaries, especially in that of St-Sulpice. He very soon became acquainted with the principal publishers of the "Encyclopédie", and supplied them with the article on "Certitude". About the end of 1751, he presented himself
6832125
Luke Joseph Hooke


for learning. On 18 November 1751, he presided at the defence of the thesis of Jean-Martin de Prades, which aroused violent protestations. Hooke confessed that he had not read the thesis, withdrew his signature, and demanded the condemnation of the propositions. De Prades was suspended by the faculty which publicly censured the syndic, the "grand-maître", and Hooke, the three signatories. Cardinal de Tencin, visitor of the Sorbonne, in virtue of a lettre de cachet and of his own authority, deprived
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Jean-Martin de Prades


censure; afterwards, on the 2 March, Pope Benedict XIV condemned the thesis; at last the Parlement of Paris issued a decree against the author; further, Stanislas, Duke of Lorraine, incited the Faculty against the Abbé. Voltaire gave a detailed account of the events in his book "Le tombeau de la Sorbonne", published anonymously in 1753. Prades found a refuge in Holland, where he published his "Apology" (1752). Upon the recommendation of Voltaire and of the Marquis of Argens, the Abbé
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Jean-Martin de Prades


became lector to Frederick of Prussia and went to Berlin. Frederick gave him a pension and two canonries, the one at Oppeln, the other at Glogau. From the year 1753, negotiations were entered upon between the Abbé de Prades and the Bishop of Breslau, Philip von Schaffgotsch, with a view to a recantation. Frederick himself induced the Abbé to return to "the bosom of the Church". Benedict XIV and Cardinal Tencin wrote the formula of recantation which was signed by the Abbé. In 1754, the Faculty of
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Francés de Corteta


Francés de Corteta, also known as Corteta de Prades (in French François de Cortète and Cortète de Prades; Agen, 1586 – Hautefage, September 3, 1667) was a nobleman from the Agen province and an Occitan-language poet and baroque play writer. François de Cortète was born to a noble family, his father, Jean-Jacques de Cortète, was governor of Castelculier. He studied in Agen and served in Adrien de Montluc's army. In 1608, he married Jeanne de Caumont and in 1614 he retired
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Jean-Martin de Prades


published. According to Abbé de Prades, the soul is an unknown substance; sensations are the source of our ideas; the origin of civil law is might, from which are derived all notions of just and of unjust, of good and evil; natural law is empirical; revealed religion is only natural religion in its evolution; the chronology of the Pentateuch is false; the healings operated by Jesus Christ are doubtful miracles, since those operated by Esculapius present the same characteristics. The archbishop of Paris and several bishops approved the
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Jean-Martin de Prades


for the doctorate, driven, as a mémoire of that time says, "by the incredulous, who, in order to justify his blasphemies, wanted to have his doctrine approved by the Faculty". Prades wrote a very long thesis, which the examiners accepted without reading. The defence, which took place on 18 November, was very sharp, and scandal broke out. On 15 December following, the Faculty declared several propositions to be "worthy of blame and censures". On 15 January following, the censure was
6832126
Jean Pestré


Jean Pestré, or Pestre, (1723, Saint-Geniez-d'Olt – 1821, Paris) was an 18th–19th-century French theologian. He worked closely with the two encyclopédistes abbés Claude Yvon and Jean-Martin de Prades. From 1751, all three shared an apartment in Paris and contributed to the first volume published in June 1751 of the "Encyclopédie" by Diderot and D’Alembert. Abbé Pestré wrote the articles signed "C", "baconisme ou philosophie de Bacon", "bonheur", "cabale",
10300512
The Story of Spanish


The Story of Spanish is a non-fiction book written by Jean-Benoît Nadeau and Julie Barlow that charts the origins of the Spanish language. The 496-page book published by St. Martin’s Press (May 7, 2013), explains how the Spanish language evolved from a tongue spoken by a remote tribe of farmers in northern Spain to become one of the world’s most spoken languages. The Story of Spanish is described as a “veritable biography of the Spanish language.” The book begins by explaining where the term "
17904260
Claude Yvon


violent indictment of the articles, particularly that on the Soul, which he said was infected with atheism. Voltaire responded by saying the article was one of the worst in the book, but that contrary to the accusation it was far from supporting materialism but in fact made every effort to oppose materialism. However, in the eyes of the church Yvon, by appealing to rationalist arguments, was in effect an atheist. Yvon was suspected of contributing to a controversial thesis published in 1752 by Jean-Martin de Prades, and fled
3210926
Cessetani


The Cessetani were an ancient Iberian (Pre-Roman) people of the Iberian peninsula (the Roman Hispania). They are believed to have spoken the Iberian language. Their territory extended along the coast between the Coll de Balaguer and the Garraf Massif and was limited in the west by the Prades Mountains. One of their main cities was Tarraco, modern day Tarragona. Although there are no remains visible of the Cessetani civilization, you can visit the Roman remains of a theater, a stadium and a Roman city wall. The
2685670
Margaret of Prades


Margaret of Prades (1388/95 – 23 July 1429) was the queen consort of Aragon by marriage to King Martin of Aragon. She was the daughter of Peter of Aragon, Baron of Entenza (1352–1395), and his wife, Joan of Cabrera. On 17 September 1409, Margaret married Martin of Aragon, a second cousin of her father. The bride was about fourteen years old and the groom fifty-three. Martin had survived all his legitimate children from his first marriage with Maria de Luna and was in need of
18325330
Languages of Spain


known as Fala is locally spoken in an area sometimes called "Valley of Jálama/Xálima", which includes the towns of San Martín de Trevejo ("Sa Martin de Trevellu"), Eljas ("As Elhas") and Valverde del Fresno ("Valverdi du Fresnu"), in the northwestern corner of Cáceres province, Extremadura. Portuguese proper is still spoken by local people in three border areas: In addition to the languages which continue to be spoken in Spain to the present day, other languages which have
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Langues d'oïl


specific "10th-and-11th centuries" variant of langue d'oïl spoken in the Paris region; both variants contributed to the koine, as both were called "French" at that time. For political reasons it was in Paris and Île-de-France that this koiné developed from a written language into a spoken language. Already in the 12th century Conon de Béthune reported about the French court who blamed him for using words of Artois. By the late 13th century the written koiné had begun to turn into a spoken and written
11594673
History of the Slovak language


and cultural institution Matica slovenská until the foundation of Czechoslovakia in 1918. The name comes from Turčiansky Svätý Martin, the contemporary Slovak cultural center. The usage of Slovak in education and culture was significantly reduced during forced Magyarization after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. The Martin practice"() was a "de facto" standard partially formed already before the abolishment of Matica and influenced by the dialect spoken in Martin. In 1902, Samuel Czambel published new language standard. Czambel's codification favored the forms used in spoken language
20654796
Sixty Million Frenchmen Can't Be Wrong


Story of French", (St. Martin’s Press, Knopf Canada and Anova-Robson Books, 2006), a history of French language as it's spoken across the planet. There are two versions of the book in French, one published in Quebec in 2007 with the title "La Grande Aventure de la langue française". In 2011, Jean-Benoît Nadeau completely rewrote and adapted the original English version for a French edition published in Paris, "Le français, quelle histoire!" (Télémaque and Le Livre
11328528
Written language


A written language is the representation of a spoken or gestural language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children, who will pick up spoken language or sign language by exposure even if they are not formally instructed. A written language exists only as a complement to a specific spoken language, and no natural language is purely written. Written languages change more slowly than corresponding spoken languages. When at least one register of a language is strongly divergent from spoken language, the
6491021
BCMC College of Engineering & Technology


Course; 03-months course 2. English Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 3. Spanish Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 4. German (Deutsch) Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 5. Arabic Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 6. Japanese Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 7. Korean Language Training Course (Spoken & Written); 06-months course 8. Chinese Language Training Course (Spoken &
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Vilanova de Prades


Vilanova de Prades is a municipality in the "comarca" of Conca de Barberà, in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. It is a popular holiday resort located at high altitude atop the Serra de la Llena, close to the area where this mountain range meets the Prades Mountains. The town appears mentioned for the first time in an 1159 document regarding the limits of Prades. The main monuments are Sant Salvador church in the centre, as well as the Sant Antoni de Pàdua shrine at the edge of the town
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Language development


more skilled. Kroll considers the second phase in writing development to be consolidation. Here, children begin to consolidate spoken and written language. In this phase children's writing skills rely heavily on their spoken language skills, and their written and spoken language becoming integrated. Children's written language skills become stronger as they use their spoken language skills to improve their writing. Then in turn, when a development in children's written language skills is seen, their spoken language skills have also improved. A child's written language in this
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John Ramon III, Count of Cardona


John Ramon III Folch de Cardona i de Prades, (9 January 1418 – 1485), was a Catalan nobleman. John Ramon's titles included Count of Prades, Count of Cardona, Viscount of Vilamur, Baron of Entenza, Admiral of Aragon, Captain-general of Catalonia as well as Viceroy of Sicily from 1477-79. His parents were John Ramon II, 3rd Count of Cardona (14 June 14001471) and Joana de Prades, heiress of Prades and Entenza. John Ramon III became the sixth count of Prades
11002167
Ojibwe writing systems


-line word breaks not at the preverb hyphen were written with a hyphen at the end of the line, followed by another hyphen at the beginning of the next line. Jean-André Cuoq was a missionary to the Algonquin and the Iroquois. He wrote several grammar books, hymnals, a catechism, and his premier work, "Lexique de la Langue Algonquine", in 1886, focusing on the form of Anishinaabemowin spoken among the southern Algonquins. His published works regarding the Algonquin language used basic sounds, without differentiating vowel
445178
Languages of Catalonia


spoken by 38% of the population, then followed by Aranese, spoken by 23.4% of the population. In Aran, Catalan is the third language, habitually spoken by 16% of the population. According to Ethnologue, about 18,000 deaf Catalans use Catalan Sign Language (LSC, "Llengua de signes catalana"). Since, like other deaf sign languages, LSC has no generally used written form, there is no literacy data. As a part of the intense immigration process which Spain in general and Catalonia in particular
2521255
Language planning


often viewed as secondary to spoken language, the vocabulary, grammatical structures and phonological structures of a language often adopt characteristics in the written form that are distinct from the spoken variety. Second, the use of writing often leads to a folk belief that the written language is the 'real' language, and speech is a corruption of it. Written language is viewed as more conservative, while the spoken variety is more susceptible to language change. Isolated relic areas of the spoken language may be less innovative than the written form,
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Taensa language


and Grand Lake before their disappearance as a community. While French missionary priests François de Montigny and Jean-François Buisson de Saint-Cosme stated that the Taensa spoke Natchez, a language that both missionaries were learning, others, such as Mooney describe the Taensa language as a variant of the Natchez. The Taensa spoken by these people was a form of the Natchez, a language isolate that may be related to the Muskogean languages. Over time small differences in pronunciation emerged, but the two languages appear, based on the available
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Spoken language


especially in contrast to written transcriptions of signs. In spoken language, much of the meaning is determined by the context. That contrasts with written language in which more of the meaning is provided directly by the text. In spoken language, the truth of a proposition is determined by common-sense reference to experience, but in written language, a greater emphasis is placed on logical and coherent argument. Similarly, spoken language tends to convey subjective information, including the relationship between the speaker and the audience, whereas written language tends
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Prades, Pyrénées-Orientales


Prades (; ) is a commune and a sub-prefecture of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. It is the capital of the historical Conflent comarca. Its inhabitants are called "Pradéens"/"Pradéennes" in French, and "Pradencs"/"Pradenques" in Catalan. Prades is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades, in the Pyrenees Mountains next to the Canigó and Têt River. Its nearby towns include Codalet, Eus, Vinça, Villefranche-de-Conflent Prades is twinned with: The Prades Festival
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Spoken language


to convey objective information. The relationship between spoken language and written language is complex. Within the field of linguistics the current consensus is that speech is an innate human capability, and written language is a cultural invention. However some linguists, such as those of the Prague school, argue that written and spoken language possess distinct qualities which would argue against written language being dependent on spoken language for its existence. Both vocal and sign languages are composed of words. In vocal languages, words are made up from a limited set of
6491019
Antoine-Jean Saint-Martin


Antoine-Jean Saint-Martin (17 January 1791 – 17 July 1832) was a French academic, orientalist, and pioneer in the field of what would be known as Armenian Studies Antoine-Jean Saint-Martin was born in Paris on 17 January 1791, the son of a tradesman. Intending to enter commerce, he attended the Collège des Quatre-Nations. There he learned Arabic, Armenian, Persian, Syriac and Turkish, plus the basics of several other languages such as Zend and Georgian. By the age of
15134340
Jean-Patrice Brosse


Messe de Bordeaux", "Vœu de Louis XIII"...), and ensures the revision of old works at Éditions J. M. Fuzeau (Johann Schobert, Antonio Soler etc.). A recitalist, concertist, chamber musician, he is regularly invited to the great French festivals: Festival de musique de La Chaise-Dieu, Sully, Septembre musical de l'Orne, Saou, Saint-Riquier, Lessay, the , , Prades, Centre baroque de Versailles, Orangerie de Sceaux, Avignon, Aix, Art sacré de Paris
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Violant de Prades de Gandia


Violant de Prades de Gandia (1395-1471), was a Spanish noblewoman. She was born to the noble Jaume de Prades and Violant de Gandia, and married viscount Bernat Joan, viscount de Cabrera and count de Mòdica. She often managed the fief during the absence of her spouse. In 1461, her spouse participated i the capture of Charles, Prince of Viana, but in the Catalan Civil War, he sided with the rebels against John II of Aragon and Navarre. Violant, however, sided with John II
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Jean-Claude Pennetier


regularly is the guest of the Festival de La Roque-d'Anthéron, that of Prades, Pyrénées-Orientales, the Chopin Festival at the Château de Bagatelle, the Summer Musical Season of Sceaux, the "Printemps des Arts" of Monte-Carlo etc. He performs each season in Canada and the United States to play with orchestra, in recital or in a chamber ensemble. Pennetier holds the ranks of Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur and Officier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. Finally, his spiritual journey led him
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Spoken language


A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds, as opposed to a written language. Many languages have no written form and so are only spoken. An oral language or vocal language is a language produced with the vocal tract, as opposed to a sign language, which is produced with the hands and face. The term "spoken language" is sometimes used to mean only vocal languages, especially by linguists, making all three terms synonyms by excluding sign languages. Others refer to sign language as "spoken",
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Armenian language


The Armenian language (classical: ; reformed: ) is an Indo-European language that is the only language in the Armenian branch. It is the official language of Armenia as well as the de facto Republic of Artsakh. Historically being spoken throughout the Armenian Highlands, today, Armenian is widely spoken throughout the Armenian diaspora. Armenian is written in its own writing system, the Armenian alphabet, introduced in 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots. Armenian is an independent branch of the Indo-European languages. It is of interest to
2024362
Jean de Venette


Charles V. "Les Trois Maries", ("The Three Marys") or "L'Histoire des trois Maries" ("Story of the three Marys"), is a long poem in French written circa 1357 by a Jean de Venette who may not be the same as the chronicler. The three Marys spoken of are: Mary, Mother of Our Lord, Mary Cleophas and Mary Salome of St. Palaye, that is to say the "three daughters of Saint Anne". The poem has not received a modern edition
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Joan Ramon II, Count of Cardona


died in 1471. In the aftermath of the Compromis de Casp, the young Joan Ramon was still planned to marry Cecilia de Urgell, sister of the vanquished throne candidate Jaume, Count of Urgell. However, by 1418 this wedding project for him had ended in failure. Instead, the young heir Joan Ramon de Cardona was in 1418 married with Joana de Prades, a younger sister of the Dowager Queen Margarida. and Juana Gonzalva Ximenez de Arenós, Countess of Prades, Lady of the , sister of the Margerida de Prades
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Consejo Nacional de Fomento Educativo


language of every group of students, MAEPI has encouraged Community Instructors and students to create their own didactic materials using their own language, their imagination and creative skills. To pursue this goal, MAEPI has strived to: Each MAEPI school has made bilingual, handwritten material in Spanish and in indigenous languages. This material keeps growing year by year. In addition, MAEPI schools are provided with the Spanish written books that the Ministry of Public Education (SEP) distributes at the national level. In this way, MAEPI instructors and students
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Duchy of Lorraine


spoken by a minority in the northern part of the region. This is distinct from the neighbouring Alsatian language, although the two are often confused. Neither has any form of official recognition. Lorrain is a Romance dialect spoken by a minority in the southern part of the region. The duchy produced a number of important painters, including Claude Lorrain, Georges de La Tour and Jean LeClerc. Like most of France's regional languages (such as Breton, Franco-Provençal, Occitan, Alsatian, Catalan and Basque), Lorrain
4698719
Lexis (linguistics)


dichotomy of spoken and written language which actually entails a shift in paradigm: while linguistic theory posits the superiority of spoken language over written language (as the former is the origin, comes naturally, and thus precedes the written language), or the written over the spoken (for the same reasons: the written language being the highest form of rudimentary speech), Halliday states they are two entirely different entities. He claims that speech is grammatically complex while writing is lexically dense. In other words, a sentence such as "
2341557
Integrationism


, or the symbolization of phonetic signs, students are equipped with the literacy to understand the written texts. However, it is often the case that students have a hard time understanding and interpreting a poem even though they know every single word. The glittering example reveals the problem of treating spoken language and written language as the same and implies the need to treat them differently. According to Kravchenko, spoken language and written language are different in that spoken language is temporal and local, while written language is atemporal and non-local
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Forcade


Jean de Forcade", who was qualified as noble, Squire and Governor of the "Château d'Auvillar" in his marriage contract dated 29 April 1554. The 3 September 1666 judgment further confirms that "Philippe de La Forcade, sieur de La Prade", was a squire, a captain in the infantry, that his father had been one of the Henry IV of France's bodyguards, that his grandfather had been Governor of the "Château d'Auvillar" and that they descended from the noble house of Forcade in Orthez, in
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Joan Ramon II, Count of Cardona


who married the aged and ailing King Martin I of Aragon Joana inherited the county of Prades and the barony of Entenza, by royal decision of 1425. This made the young Joan Ramon a sitting peer, Count of Prades, in the parliament, already in lifetime of his father. It even meant that the son's rank was higher than the father's, because Prades was a more senior peerage. The father and son always presented themselves together in the parliament. The younger Joan Ramon was active in parliamentary politics. His
4114940
Saint Martin


its nude beaches, clothes, shopping (including outdoor markets), and French and Indian Caribbean cuisine. English is the most commonly spoken language along with a local dialect. The official languages are French for Saint-Martin, and both Dutch and English for Sint Maarten. Other common languages include various French-based creoles (spoken by immigrants from other French Caribbean islands), Spanish (spoken by immigrants from the Dominican Republic and various South American countries), and Papiamento (spoken by immigrants from Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao
12795355
The Man in the Moone


by the fall of the Tower of Babel. One of Godwin's sources for his Lunar language was Trigault's "De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas". Gonsales provides two examples of spoken phrases, written down in a cipher later explained by John Wilkins in "Mercury, or The Secret and Swift Messenger" (1641). Trigault's account of the Chinese language gave Godwin the idea of assigning tonality to the Lunar language, and of appreciating it in the language spoken by the Chinese mandarins Gonsales encounters after his return to Earth
18970954
Integrationism


the community and society where one stays. With regard to it, this section first focuses on the distinction between spoken language (first-order language) and written language (second-order language) and how reading comprehension is achieved, and then aims at the impact of technology-enhanced interaction on reading comprehension. Traditionally, spoken language and written language are regarded as the two sides of the same coin In other words, written language is believed to fully represent its corresponding spoken language. Therefore, educators believe by teaching words
5778601
Romanization


extremes. Pure transcriptions are generally not possible, as the source language usually contains sounds and distinctions not found in the target language, but which must be shown for the romanized form to be comprehensible. Furthermore, due to diachronic and synchronic variance no written language represents any spoken language with perfect accuracy and the vocal interpretation of a script may vary by a great degree among languages. In modern times the chain of transcription is usually spoken foreign language, written foreign language, written native language, spoken (read) native language.
8902055
Jean Pestré


"calomnie", "Campanella", "Canadiens", "Cardan", "cartésianisme" and "complaisance" for volumes II and III. Marked by the philosophie des Lumières, his articles adopt a sensualist point of view. Pestre ceased to contribute to the "Encyclopédie" after the controversy surrounding the theory of the abbot of Prades which saw the temporary exile of the latter and Yvon. It is possible that, remained close to his compatriot abbé Raynal, Pestré contributed anonymously to his "Histoire des deux Indes"
10300513
Languages of Iraq


There are a number of languages spoken in Iraq, but Mesopotamian Arabic (Iraqi Arabic) is by far the most widely spoken in the country. The most widely spoken language in Iraq is the Arabic language (specifically Mesopotamian Arabic); the second most spoken language is Kurdish (mainly Sorani and Kurmanji dialects), followed by the Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialect of Turkish, and the Neo-Aramaic languages (specifically Chaldean and Ashuri). Arabic is written using the Arabic script and Kurdish is written with a modified Perso-
20847912
Quechuan languages


. Gradually its use declined so that it was spoken mostly by indigenous people in the more isolated and conservative rural areas. Nevertheless, in the 21st century, Quechua language speakers number 8 to 10 million people across South America, the most speakers of any indigenous language. The oldest written records of the language are by missionary Domingo de Santo Tomás, who arrived in Peru in 1538 and learned the language from 1540. He published his "Grammatica o arte de la lengua general de los indios de los reynos del Perú" (
5543210
François Brousse


Madeloc", No. 14, Nov. 1951, Perpignan) and concerned astronomy. They became more frequent during his sojourn in Prades (1961–1965) when opening a series on the Apocalypse (1961–1981), a theme about which he had aimed to disseminate new knowledge after 1945 [("L’Avenir des peuples") (The Future of the People)]. They particularly inspired the publication of "Commentaires sur l’Apocalypse de saint Jean", t.1 (Commentaries on Saint John's Apocalypse) vol. 1 [Ed. La
9668030
Adèle de Ponthieu (Piccinni)


Adèle de Ponthieu is a French-language opera by the composer Niccolò Piccinni, first performed at the Académie Royale de Musique, Paris (the Paris Opera) on 27 October 1781, to inaugurate the new venue of the theatre near the Saint-Martin gate. It takes the form of a "tragédie lyrique" in three acts. The libretto, by Jean-Paul-André des Rasins de Saint-Marc, had been previously set by the composers Jean-Benjamin de La Borde and Pierre Montan Berton in 1772.
9285039
Ligurian (Romance language)


that goes from the 13th century to the present, such as Luchetto (the Genoese Anonym), Martin Piaggio and Gian Giacomo Cavalli. Ligurian does not enjoy an official status in Italy. Hence, it is not protected by law. Historically, Genoese (the dialect spoken in the city of Genoa) is the written "koine", owing to its semi-official role as language of the Republic of Genoa, its traditional importance in trade and commerce and its vast literature. Like other regional languages in Italy, the
17338449
Prades Mountains


Prades Mountains, also known as Muntanyes de Prades, is a large calcareous mountain massif straddling the comarcas of Alt Camp, Baix Camp, Conca de Barberà, Garrigues and Priorat, in Catalonia, Spain. They are a Site of Community Importance. These mountains have characteristic large and rounded rocky outcrops. They are mostly heavily forested with oak and pine trees, and the non-native chestnut tree has adapted to the local forests. The range runs in an east to west direction and is part of the Catalan Pre-Coastal
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Culture of Saint Martin


been surpassed by the number of immigrants. Today, the island's population of 77,000 is highly diverse, containing people from more than 70 different countries. With so many different nationalities present, quite a few languages are spoken. An English-based creole is the main local vernacular. However, the official languages are French for Saint-Martin, with Dutch and English being official for Sint Maarten. Other common languages include various French creoles (spoken by French Caribbean immigrants), Spanish (spoken by immigrants from the Dominican Republic
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Antoine-Jean Saint-Martin


20 he had already acquired a solid theory and spoken fluency in Armenian and Arabic. On 2 September 1820 he was elected a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres, part of the Institut de France. He later entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1822 he was one of the founders of the Société Asiatique, and directed the publication of its journal, the Journal Asiatique. In 1824 he was appointed director of the Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal. He was responsible for inducing the French government to send the researcher
15134341
Office des professions du Québec


August 1977 to 1987), Thomas J. Mulcair (9 Dec. 1987-31 August 1993), Robert Diamant (1 Sep. 1993-31 Aug. 1998), Jean-K. Samson (Sept. 28, 1998-2003), Gaétan Lemoyne (29 sept. 2003-2007) and Jean-Paul Dutrisac (2007-today). List of Vice-Presidents of the OPQ: Jean-Marie Dionne (1973-7 Nov. 1983), Louis Roy (1983-1993), Sylvie de Grandmont (1994-2007)
21446766
Jean-Baptiste du Plessis d'Argentré


Jean-Baptiste du Plessis d'Argentré (1 November 172024 February 1805) was Bishop of Séez, Normandy, from 17 Sep 1775 until his death. Jean-Baptiste was born in the in Argentré-du-Plessis in Brittany, from where the family took their name, to Pierre, former page of Louis XIV, and Marie-Louise Hindret de Ravenne. He was tutor to the "Enfants de France", the children of the French royal family, and the King's almoner. He was also (commendatory)
458063
Languages of Hong Kong


into Hong Kong from Canton Province, Cantonese is the dominant Chinese variant spoken in the territory with smaller numbers of speakers from other dialects. There are also numerous sinitic languages spoken by the native peoples of the New Territories, many of which are mutually unintelligible. Cantonese is a vernacular and when reduced to writing is normally converted to a standard written Chinese quite dissimilar to the spoken word. There is also a written language based on the vocabulary and grammar of spoken Cantonese known as written Cantonese. Although the "biliterate and trilingual"
2224386
House of Entença


Barony of Entença to king James II of Aragon. King James II waited until William's death to take possession of the Barony. Thus, in 1324 King James II annexed the Barony of Entença to the County of Prades, which he established for his son Ramon Berenguer. In this manner the dominions of the Barons of Entença became part of the County of Prades. In 1414 Joana de Prades inherited the Barony of Entença. Following her marriage to Joan Folch de Cardona, the lineage of Entença merged with the viscounts of Cardona
18403804
Gospel riots


spoken or "demotic" Greek had evolved far from its ancient roots, and the two languages were now mutually incomprehensible. As a compromise, a grammatically simplified version of Ancient Greek known as "katharevousa glossa" ("language that tends towards purity") had been adopted as the written language of the new state in 1830. This meant that the spoken and written languages were now intentionally different. It was hoped that written "katharevousa" would provide a model for imitation, and that spoken Greek would naturally "purify"
19598876
Coatepec Nahuatl


Coatepec Nahuatl is a variety of Nahuatl of southwestern Mexico State and Guerrero spoken by 1,400 people. It is also known as Coatepec Aztec and Náhuatl de Coatepec. The language is spoken in central Mexico along the border of Mexico and Guerrero states, west of Iguala, Guerrero. It is especially strong in Coatepec Costales and Chilacachapa, and is spoken as far west as Acapetlahuaya and Sultepec. It is written in the Latin script and is predominantly spoken by older adults with 15 monolinguals. The "General History of the Things of New
18603344
Jean-Louis Capezzali


academies such as Telč in the Czech Republic, Musicalp à Courchevel, and the Pablo Casals Festival in Prades. In parallel to these activities, he leads a career as a camerist and as a soloist which leads him to perform with the greatest ensembles: Orchestre National Bordeaux Aquitaine, Orchestre de chambre de Paris, etc. He is regularly invited to give concerts and master classes in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Scandinavia, Russia, Germany, Spain, Poland, Czech Republic, USA, where he represents the French
20991145
Pierre de Larivey


in prose adapted (rather than "translated") from Italian originals. He has no claim to be the originator of French comedy—the "Corrivaux" of Jean de la Taille dates from 1562—but Larivey naturalized the Italian comedy of intrigue in France. Despite closely following his Italian models, he succeeded in conveying a lively spoken language, often full of saucy humor. The licence of the manners depicted in these plays is matched by the coarseness of the expression. Larivey's merit lies in the use of popular language in dialogue
7161624
Language development


fact that males are more visible, and thus more often diagnosed. Research in writing development has been limited in psychology. In the research that has been conducted, focus has generally centred on the development of written and spoken language and their connection. Spoken and written skills could be considered linked. Researchers believe that children's spoken language influences their written language. When a child learns to write they need to master letter formation, spelling, punctuation and they also have to gain an understanding of the structure and the organisational patterns involved
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North Germanic languages


and written versions of the language, so the differences between spoken Norwegian and spoken Danish are somewhat more significant than the difference between their respective written forms. Written Danish is relatively close to the other Continental Scandinavian languages, but the sound developments of spoken Danish include reduction and assimilation of consonants and vowels, as well as the prosodic feature called "stød" in Danish, developments which have not occurred in the other languages (though the "stød" corresponds to the changes in pitch in Norwegian and Swedish, which are pitch-
19865425
Putain putain


"Putain Putain" (literally "whore whore" in French) is an alternative European song by Belgian rock group TC Matic released on their album "Choco". It was written by Arno Hintjens (known by the mononym Arno) and by Jean-Marie Aerts. "Putain putain" is a trilingual song, mainly in French language. But one additional verse is in Flemish (Vlaams), the Dutch language spoken in Flanders the northern part of Belgium. Another verse is in English. TC Matic known by its
5090022
Maithili language


Maithili (; "Maithilī") is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian subcontinent, mainly spoken in India and Nepal. In India, it is spoken in the states of Bihar and Jharkhand and is one of the 22 recognised Indian languages. In Nepal, it is spoken in the eastern Terai and is the second most prevalent language of Nepal. It is also one of the 122 recognized Nepalese languages. Tirhuta was formerly the primary script for written Maithili. Less commonly, it was also written in the local variant
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Names of the Catalan language


or "maioricensis". Likewise, the monarchy became associated with the language, which neutralized the political divisions of its territory. The increased range of the language had the effect of unifying the territory that it came to be spoken in, a fact that successive rulers took advantage of to neutralize political divisions, as was recorded by Ramon Muntaner. The first written reference to Catalan appears in the "regles de trobar" (Rules of the Trobadour's Art, ca. 1290), written in Occitan in Sicily by the Catalan
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Martine (character)


Martine is the title character in a series of books for children originally written in French by the Belgians Marcel Marlier and Gilbert Delahaye and edited by Casterman. The first one, "Martine à la ferme" ("Martine at the farm"), was published in 1954, followed by 59 other books, which have been translated into many different languages. The book series has sold about 100 million copies and is one of the best-selling book series. When the author Gilbert Delahaye died in 1997, Jean-Louis
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Japanese: The Spoken Language


Japanese: The Spoken Language (JSL) is an introductory textbook series for learning Japanese. JSL was written by Eleanor Harz Jorden in collaboration with Mari Noda. "Part 1" was published in 1987 by Yale Language Press, "Part 2" in 1988, and "Part 3" in 1990. The series differs from most Japanese language textbooks in many ways, most basically in that it focuses exclusively on the spoken language and leaves discussion of any aspect of the written language to other textbooks, such as the parallel series
9995425
History of English grammars


"A Manual Of English Grammar and Composition" that proved really successful both in Britain and her colonies—so much so that it formed the basis for many other grammar and composition primers including but not limited to "Warriner's English Grammar and Composition", and "High School English Grammar and Composition", casually called Wren & Martin, by P. C. Wren and H. Martin. "Grammar of spoken English" (1924), by H. E. Palmer, written for the teaching and study of English as a foreign language
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Heterography and homography


In linguistics, heterography is a property of a written language, such that it lacks a 1-to-1 correspondence between the written symbols and the sounds of the spoken language. Its opposite is homography, which is the property of a language such that written symbols of its written form and the sounds of its spoken form have a 1-to-1 correspondence. The orthography of the English language is, according to Larry Trask, a "spectacular example" of heterography. But most European languages exhibit it to some extent. Finnish is "very close"
773908
Monasteries of San Millán de la Cogolla


Emilian () lived. Perhaps Suso's major claim to fame is as the place where phrases in the Spanish and Basque languages were written for the first time. UNESCO acknowledges the property "as the birthplace of the modern written and spoken Spanish language". The phrases in Spanish and Basque are glosses on a Latin text and are known as the "Glosas Emilianenses". There is some debate as to whether the Spanish words are written in an early form of Castilian or in a related dialect. In either case, San
8920086
Duruwa language


Dhurwa (Odia: ପରଜି, Devanagari: दुरुवा) or Parji is a Central Dravidian language spoken by the Dhurwa tribe, a scheduled tribe people of India, in the districts of Koraput and Bastar in Chhattisgarh state. The language is related to Ollari and Kolami, which is also spoken by other neighbouring tribes. Dhurwa is a member of the Central Dravidian languages. Duruwa is a spoken language and is generally not written. Whenever it is written, it makes use of the Devanagari script in Bastar district and Odia script in Koraput
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Tupi language


information about it were produced from 1575 onwards – when Jesuits André Thévet and José de Anchieta began to translate Catholic prayers and biblical stories into the language. Another foreigner, Jean de Lery, wrote the first (and possibly only) Tupi "phrasebook", in which he transcribed entire dialogues. Lery's work is the best available record of how Tupi was actually spoken. In the first two or three centuries of Brazilian history, nearly all colonists coming to Brazil would learn the "tupinambá" variant of Tupi, as a
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Mongolia


, Korean and American nationalities. The official language of Mongolia is Mongolian, and is spoken by 95% of the population. A variety of dialects of Oirat and Buryat are spoken across the country, and there are also some speakers of Mongolic Khamnigan. In the west of the country, Kazakh and Tuvan, both Turkic languages, are also spoken. Mongolian Sign Language is the principal language of the deaf community. Today, Mongolian is written using the Cyrillic alphabet in Mongolia, although in the past it was written using the
19552363
Christian Ferras


Bach's Double Concerto with Yehudi Menuhin; played at the Prades Festival with Pablo Casals and Wilhelm Kempff; and premiered Gyula Bando's Violin Concerto. In 1960 he premiered Serge Nigg's Concerto, which the composer is said to have written "for the violin and not without the violin". In 1965 he enjoyed a much acclaimed tour through Southern Africa with accompanist Jean-Clause Ambrosini. Ferras made many recordings with EMI, including He went on in 1964 to record the Brahms Concerto with Herbert von Karajan for the Deutsche Grammophon
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Machine translation of sign languages


The machine translation of sign languages has been possible, albeit in a limited fashion, since 1977. When a research project successfully matched English letters from a keyboard to ASL manual alphabet letters which were simulated on a robotic hand. These technologies translate signed languages into written or spoken language, and written or spoken language to sign language, without the use of a human interpreter. Sign languages possess different phonological features than spoken languages, which has created obstacles for developers. Developers use computer vision and machine learning to recognize specific phonological parameters
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Norwegian language


, unlike in many other countries, the use of any Norwegian dialect, whether it coincides with the written norms or not, is accepted as correct "spoken" Norwegian. However, in areas where East Norwegian dialects are used, a tendency exists to accept a "de facto" spoken standard for this particular regional dialect, "Urban East Norwegian" or "Standard East Norwegian" (), in which the vocabulary coincides with Bokmål. Outside Eastern Norway, this spoken variation is not used. From the 16th to the
1970805
Koraga language


Koraga (also rendered "Koragar, Koragara, Korangi)" is a Dravidian language spoken by the Koraga people, a Scheduled tribe people of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, and Kerala in South West India. The dialect spoken by the Koraga tribe in Kerala, Mudu Koraga, is divergent enough to not be intelligible with Korra Koraga. Koraga is a member of the Dravidian family of languages. It is further classified into the Southern Dravidian family. Koraga is a spoken language and generally not written, whenever it is written it makes
21515602
Jean Bernabé


Jean Bernabé (1942 in Le Lorrain, Martinique – 12 April 2017 in Fort-De-France, Martinique) was a writer and linguist. Bernabé was a professor of language and culture at the Université Antilles-Guyane. He was an important figure in the créolité movement, having co-authored the seminal 1989 essay on the subject, "Eloge de la créolité" (In Praise of Creoleness), with Patrick Chamoiseau and Raphaël Confiant. Although Bernabé's work lauds the Créole language, on which he has written seminal
4261673
Language development


writing and speaking are different. When writing and speaking development is looked at more closely it can be seen that certain elements of written and spoken language are differentiating and other elements are integrating, all in the same phase. Perera conducted a survey and her view mirrors that of Kroll to the extent that she used Kroll's four phases. When a child undergoes initial learning of the written language, they have not yet fully mastered the oral language. It is clear that their written language development is aided by their spoken language;
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Organisation internationale de la Francophonie


French language spoken around the world, with all their accents. It reaches beyond native speakers of French; the majority of those who can receive it and part of its audience comprise viewers for whom French is not the mother tongue. Thanks to subtitles in various languages, it provides access to the Francophonie to non-French speakers - it is translated into 12 languages. The International Association of French-speaking Mayors was created in Quebec City in 1979 on the initiative of Jean Pelletier and Jacques Chirac, then the respective mayors of
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Conca de Barberà (DO)


Montclar, Codony mountain and Serra de Comalats in the north, the Serra de Miramar and Cogulló in the east, the Serra de Prades in the south, and the Serra del Tallat and Serra de Vilobí in the west. The land is mainly flat or slightly undulating at heights of between 350 and 600 m above sea level. Most of the vines are on dark lime bearing soils, quite loose and poor in organic matter. Towards the foothills of the Sierra de Prades slate can be found in the rock. The climate
9501271
Demotic (Egyptian)


development of the Late Egyptian language and shares much with the later Coptic phase of the Egyptian language. In the earlier stages of Demotic, such as those texts written in the Early Demotic script, it probably represented the spoken idiom of the time. But, as it was increasingly used for only literary and religious purposes, the written language diverged more and more from the spoken form, leading to significant diglossia between the Late Demotic texts and the spoken language of the time, similar to the use of classical Middle Egyptian during the
10531270
Arabic


times and languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims, and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken
285746
Huastec language


usage in recent years. The now-extinct Chicomuceltec language was most closely related to Wasteko. The first linguistic description of the Huasteco language accessible to Europeans was written by Andrés de Olmos, who also wrote the first grammatical descriptions of Nahuatl and Totonac. Wasteko-language programming is carried by the CDI's radio station XEANT-AM, based in Tancanhuitz de Santos, San Luis Potosí. Huasteco has three dialects, which have a time depth of no more than 400 years (Norcliffe 2003:3). It is spoken in a
12097632
Balcón de Montezuma


relatively isolated from them, it is related to the Mayan languages spoken further south and east in Mexico and Central America. The language is called Teenek (with varying spellings) by its speakers, and this name has gained currency in Mexican national and international usage in recent years. The now-extinct Chicomuceltec language is believed to have been most closely related to Wastek. The first linguistic description of the Huastec language accessible to Europeans was written by Andrés de Olmos, who also wrote the first grammatical descriptions of Nahuatl and Totonac.
2472188
Standard written English


spoken language. We don't have the spoken language standardised yet. When we say that we're speaking Standard English, what we're doing is transferring into our spoken vocabulary and syntax the elements of the written language. What is standard in what you and I are talking now is what we get from our writing. There are grammatical constructions and words that one uses in speech that one generally avoids in written compositions. Even in the most colloquial of online chats, interjections such as "like" are rarer than in speech
10151272
Jean-Paul Desbiens


-St-Jean region. His 1960 book "Les insolences du Frère Untel" (1960) (translated as "The Impertinences of Brother Anonymous", 1962), is a strong attack on the quality of public education system in Quebec. The book, which also denounces the poor quality of the spoken and written French among the younger generations, is credited by many as inspiring the Quiet Revolution in Quebec. A follow-up, "Sous la soleil de la pitié" (translated as "For Pity's Sake
1116674
Languages in censuses


, are also spoken. The public use of Chinese, especially Chinese written characters, was officially discouraged between 1966 and 1998. The majority of the population speaks the Persian language, which is also the official language of the country, as well as other Iranian languages or dialects. Turkic languages and dialects, most importantly Azerbaijani language, are spoken in different areas in Iran. In southwestern and southern Iran, the Luri language and Lari language are spoken. In Kurdistan Province and nearby area's Kurdish is widely spoken. In Khuzestan
3806607
Poetry


that features anthropomorphized animals, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that illustrate a moral lesson (a "moral"). Verse fables have used a variety of meter and rhyme patterns. Notable verse fabulists have included Aesop, Vishnu Sarma, Phaedrus, Marie de France, Robert Henryson, Biernat of Lublin, Jean de La Fontaine, Ignacy Krasicki, Félix María de Samaniego, Tomás de Iriarte, Ivan Krylov and Ambrose Bierce. Dramatic poetry is drama written in verse to be spoken or sung, and appears in
3089169
Colegio de la Preciosa Sangre de Pichilemu


include reading, mathematics, history and social sciences, natural sciences, and English language. In the 2015 school year, the had an enrollment of 534 students from preschool ("pre-kínder") to twelfth grade (') with an average of 38 per grade. The school serves students aged between 4 and 19 years old. In 2012, 159 students were classified as "prioritary" under the SEP law (', "Preferential Scholar Subsidy Law" in English); "prioritary students" under the SEP
2003279
Prades, Baix Camp


Prades is a municipality in the "comarca" of Baix Camp, in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. The main monuments are Santa Maria church in the town, as well as the Ermita de l'Abellera shrine located in an escarpment, outside the town's perimeter. This town gives its name to the Prades Mountains, located in the vicinity of the municipality. It is a high altitude town, very cold in the winter, but popular as a tourist spot in the summer. Count Ramon Berenguer IV made the
6749109
Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles


in 1737, Jean-Baptiste Martin Hérault de Séchelles - the father of Marie-Jean, who died in 1759, at the Battle of Minden, where Contades was commanding the French army. Contades took care of Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles after the early death of his father. He had arranged to marry his illegitimate son Jean-Baptiste Martin Hérault de Séchelles to his wife's niece, so that he might present himself in society as the "uncle" of Marie-Jean. Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles
16040276
Zapotec languages


divisions: Zapoteco de la Sierra Norte (Northern Zapotec), Valley Zapotec, Zapoteco de la Sierra Sur (Southern Zapotec), and Isthmus Zapotec. Northern Zapotec languages are spoken in the mountainous region of Oaxaca, in the Northern Sierra Madre mountain ranges; Southern Zapotec languages and are spoken in the mountainous region of Oaxaca, in the Southern Sierra Madre mountain ranges; Valley Zapotec languages are spoken in the Valley of Oaxaca, and Isthmus Zapotec languages are spoken in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. However, Valley Zapotec and Isthmus Zapotec
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Chonan languages


The Chonan languages were a family of indigenous American languages spoken in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia. Two Chon languages are well attested: Selk'nam, spoken by the people of the same name who occupied territory in the northeast of Tierra del Fuego; and Tehuelche spoken by the people of the same name who occupied territory north of Tierra del Fuego. The name 'Chon', or "Tshon", is a blend of 'Tehuelche' and 'Ona'. The Selk'nam people were widely studied by anthropologists such as Martin Gusinde
21904989
Tokyo International Players


Amadeus" by Peter Shaffer, directed by Martin McGee Sep 1991: "Good Evening" by Dudley Moore and Peter Cook, directed by Ian de Stains (Curtain Raiser) Oct 1991: "Noises Off" by Michael Frayn, directed by Ivan Woodhouse Feb 1992: "Uncle Vanya" by Anton Chekhov, directed by Boomie Pedersen Mar 1992: "Bit by Bit", compiled & directed by Susan Oliver (musical review) Apr 1992: "Steel Magnolias" by Robert Harling, directed by Shelli Place Sep 1992:
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