Hilda of Whitby [SEP] canonization status
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Hilda of Whitby


churches in Whitby, (Roman Catholic and Anglican), have been dedicated under her patronage and another, in Bilsborrow, Lancashire. Other Anglican Churches dedicated to St. Hilda in Northern England include St Hilda's Church, South Shields, one in the Cross Green area of Leeds, and another in Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne. It was opened in September 1882. There is a statue of St. Hilda in the nave, depicting her as the Mother of her Abbey at Whitby. She also appears in a stained glass window at
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Hilda of Whitby


Council. This stone is located at the college entrance. St. Hilda's College, University of Toronto is the women's college of University of Trinity College. Saint Hilda is honoured as co-patron (with Our Lady). Daily services are held in the Lady Chapel by Trinity's Faculty of Divinity. St. Hilda's Diocesan High School is an Anglican boarding school for girls in Brown's Town, St. Ann, Jamaica, founded by Canon James Philip Hall, Rector of St. Mark's Anglican Church in Brown's Town
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Hilda of Whitby


of the St. Hilda's deaconesses. St. Hilda has become the patron of many schools and colleges all over the world. The College of St Hild and St Bede, Durham, St Hild's Church of England School, Hartlepool, St Hilda's College, Oxford and St Hilda's Collegiate School, Dunedin are named after Saint Hilda. A stone from the 13th century ruins of Whitby Abbey where St Hilda founded the Monastery of Streoneshalh c. 657AD was donated to St Hilda's College (University of Melbourne) by the Whitby Urban
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Hilda of Whitby


Hilda of Whitby or Hild of Whitby (c. 614–680) is a Christian saint and the founding abbess of the monastery at Whitby, which was chosen as the venue for the Synod of Whitby. An important figure in the Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England, she was abbess at several monasteries and recognised for the wisdom that drew kings to her for advice. The source of information about Hilda is the "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" by Bede in 731, who was born approximately eight years before her death. He
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Whitby


Captain James Cook who served his apprenticeship in the town, and a whalebone arch, commemorates the whaling industry. It is the second such arch, the original is preserved in Whitby Archives Heritage Centre. By the inner harbour is a statue commemorating William Scoresby, designer of the crow's nest. On the outskirts of town to the west is the 19th-century Sneaton Castle built by James Wilson who sold his sugar plantation where he had over 200 slaves and moved to Whitby. Alongside it is St Hilda's Priory, the
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Hilda of Whitby


size of the church associated with this monastery is unknown. Bede states that the original ideals of monasticism were maintained strictly in Hilda's abbey. All property and goods were held in common; Christian virtues were exercised, especially peace and charity. Everyone had to study the Bible and do good works. Five men from this monastery later became bishops. Two, John of Beverley, Bishop of Hexham and Wilfrid, Bishop of York, were canonized for their service to the Christian church at a critical period in its fight against paganism
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Hilda of Whitby


is considered one of the patron saints of learning and culture, including poetry, due to her patronage of Cædmon. St. Hilda is the patron saint of the National Cathedral School for Girls in Washington, D.C. In addition, St. Hilda's College, Oxford, established in 1893 for female students, remained with that status for more than 100 years, before turning co-educational when it was deemed that the percentage of women studying at Oxford had risen to near 50 percent. The symbol of the college is the ammonite of St
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Hilda of Whitby


abbey, but its monastic cemetery has been found near the present St Hilda's Church, Hartlepool. In 657 Hilda became the founding abbess of Whitby Abbey, then known as "Streoneshalh"; she remained there until her death. Archaeological evidence shows that her monastery was in the Celtic style, with its members living in small houses, each for two or three people. The tradition in double monasteries, such as Hartlepool and Whitby, was that men and women lived separately but worshipped together in church. The exact location and
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Hilda of Whitby


Hilda and during the centenary, 100 silver amonites were created; now proudly owned by alumni of the college in honour of St. Hilda's achievements - and those of the first 100 years of female students at the college. St Hilda is generally depicted with a pastoral staff and carrying an abbey church. Often, there are ammonites at her feet. Hilda was succeeded as abbess by Eanflæd, widow of King Oswiu, and their daughter, Ælfflæd. From then onward we know nothing about the abbey at Whitby until it was destroyed
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Hilda of Whitby


the east end of the church. The church still is active and a sung mass is held there every Sunday. Several small streets in the immediate area are named after the church - St. Hilda's Mount, St. Hilda's Road, among them. A community of Anglican sisters, the Order of the Holy Paraclete was founded in 1915 at St. Hilda's Priory, on the western edge of Whitby town. More recently, the Community of St. Aidan and St. Hilda has been founded on Lindisfarne. A group of Anglo-
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Hilda of Whitby


it. Bede writes, "All who knew her called her mother because of her outstanding devotion and grace". The prestige of Whitby is reflected in the fact that King Oswiu of Northumberland chose Hilda's monastery as the venue for the Synod of Whitby, the first synod of the Church in his kingdom. He invited churchmen from as far away as Wessex to attend the synod. Most of those present, including Hilda, accepted the King's decision to adopt the method of calculating Easter currently used in Rome, establishing Roman
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Hilda of Whitby


Melvyn Bragg's 1996 novel, "Credo". The 2013 novel "Hild" by Nicola Griffith is based on the life of Hilda. Jill Dalladay's 2015 novel "The Abbess of Whitby" combines historical record and fiction to imagine Hilda's life before she became a nun. Maureen Duffy's play "The Choice" premiered at the Jermyn Street Theatre in 2018. This monologue sees Hilda recount two episodes of her life that are recorded by Bede: the 'miracle' of the poet-cowherd Caedmon, and the
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Whitby


, five mills including Ruswarp, Hackness with two mills and two churches. In about 1128 Henry I granted the abbey burgage in Whitby and permission to hold a fair at the feast of St Hilda on 25 August. A second fair was held close to St Hilda's winter feast at Martinmas. Market rights were granted to the abbey and descended with the liberty. Whitby Abbey surrendered in December 1539 when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries. In 1540 the town had between 20 and 30 houses and a population of about 200. The
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Ælfflæd of Whitby


year old, her father, King Oswiu of Northumbria, in thanksgiving for his victory over Penda of Mercia at the Battle of the Winwæd, handed her over to abbess Hilda to be brought up at Hartlepool Abbey. When Hilda left to found Whitby Abbey in 657 or 658, she brought Ælfflæd with her. Upon Hilda's death in 680, Oswiu's widow, Eanflæd and their daughter Ælfflæd became joint abbesses and later in the 680s, Ælfflæd was sole abbess until her death in 714. The Northumbrian church of Cuthbert's
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Double monastery


of Lindisfarne trained her in monasticism. Here she continued the Gallic tradition of noble female heads of double monasteries at Whitby Abbey, which she directly modeled after a combination of Aiden’s influence and the Rule followed by contemporaries at Chelles and Jouarre. In 664, Hilda hosted the Synod of Whitby, which brought together representatives from the Celtic and Roman churches to resolve ecclesiastical differences between the two, including the Easter Controversy by order of King Oswiu. Whitby became known as a school for bishops, and produced five during Hilda’s supremacy
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John of Beverley


East Riding of Yorkshire, He is said to have received his education at Canterbury under Adrian, and not Oxford as per some sources. However, all these statements are first recorded after his canonization in 1037, and may not be reliable. He was for a time a member of the Whitby community, under St Hilda, a fact recorded by his friend Bede. He won renown as a preacher, displaying marked erudition in expounding Scripture. In 687 he was consecrated bishop of Hexham and in 705 was promoted to the bishopric
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Martin Warner (bishop)


and then canon treasurer until 2009. Warner was consecrated as a bishop in the Church of England at York Minster on 26 January 2010 and then welcomed on 30 January 2010 at St Hilda's Church, Whitby. He suffered a cardiac arrest on 23 August 2010 while on holiday in Florence, but has since returned to work. From 2008 to 2011, Warner wrote the weekly "Sunday's Readings" column for the "Church Times". On 3 May 2012, Warner's appointment as the next diocesan Bishop of Chichester was
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Matthew Ellison Hadfield


Saints, Glossop, St. Bede's, Rotherham, St Hilda's, Whitby, St Catherine's Church, Littlehampton and St Chad’s. His largest and most significant work was St John's Church in Salford (1844–1848) which in 1850 was elevated to cathedral status upon the restoration of the Catholic hierarchy in England and Wales. St John's was in the decorated style, as was St Marie's Church in Sheffield (1847–1850; elevated to cathedral status in 1980). A further cathedral commission, in the form of
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Hereswith


Hereswith or Hereswitha (), also spelt Hereswithe, Hereswyde or Haeresvid, was a 7th-century Northumbrian saint. She married into the East Anglian royal dynasty and afterwards retired to Gaul to lead a religious life. Hereswith's sister was Saint Hilda (or Hild), founder of the monastery at Whitby. Details of her life and identity come from Bede's "Historia Ecclesiastica", the "Anglian collection" and the "Lives" of Edwin of Northumbria and Hilda of Whitby. The Northumbrian royal descent of Hereswith is
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Hilda of Whitby


is coeducational and includes toddlers to grade eight. St. Hilda is honoured in Singapore in the St. Hilda's primary and secondary schools. During the British Empire in India, Anglican missionaries have built "St. Hilda Boarding School" at Miri-Maka. St Hilda's School, Ootacamund, S India was established by Church Of England sisters in 1895. Hilda appears as a main character in the 1994 novel "Absolution for Murder", the first book in Peter Tremayne's Sister Fidelma mysteries. Hilda appears as a main character in
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Middlesbrough


, who were lords of Cleveland in the Middle Ages. The town's coat of arms is an azure lion, from the arms of the Bruce family, a star, from the arms of Captain James Cook, and two ships, representing shipbuilding and maritime trade. In 686, a monastic cell was consecrated by St. Cuthbert at the request of St. Hilda, Abbess of Whitby and in 1119 Robert Bruce, Lord of Cleveland and Annandale, granted and confirmed the church of St. Hilda of Middleburg to Whitby. Up until its
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Hilda of Whitby


takes its scientific name from St. Hilda. It was not unknown for local “artisans” to carve snakes' heads onto ammonites, and sell these “relics” as proof of her miracle. The coat of arms of nearby Whitby includes three such 'snakestones', and depictions of ammonites appear in the shield of the College of St Hild and St Bede, Durham. A carved ammonite stone is set into the wall by the entrance to the former chapel of St Hild's College, Durham, which later became part of
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Ælfflæd of Whitby


Saint Ælfflæd (654–714) was the daughter of King Oswiu of Northumbria and Eanflæd. She was abbess of Whitby Abbey, an abbey of nuns that were known for their skills in medicine, from the death of her kinswoman Hilda in 680, first jointly with her mother, then alone. Ælfflæd was particularly known for her skills in surgery and her personal attention to patients, as was Hilda, who was known for her personalized medical care. Most of Ælfflæd's life was spent as a nun. When she was about a
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Whitby


Northumbria, founded the first abbey, under the abbess Hilda. The Synod of Whitby was held there in 664. In 867, the monastery was destroyed by Viking raiders. Another monastery was founded in 1078. It was in this period that the town gained its current name, "Whitby" (from "white settlement" in Old Norse). In the following centuries Whitby functioned as a fishing settlement until, in the 18th century, it developed as a port and centre for shipbuilding and whaling, the trade in locally
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Hilda of Whitby


practice as the norm in Northumbria. The monks from Lindisfarne, who would not accept this, withdrew to Iona, and later to Ireland. Hilda suffered from a fever for the last seven years of her life, but she continued to work until her death on 17 November 680 AD, at what was then the advanced age of sixty-six. In her last year she set up another monastery, fourteen miles from Whitby, at Hackness. She died after receiving viaticum, and her legend holds that at the moment of
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Street House Anglo-Saxon cemetery


, to which it may be linked. The close proximity of the graves and their offset from the rest of the graves in the cemetery raises questions about whether the occupants were related. The cemetery provides some hints to the woman's local connections and religious affiliations. She was buried around or soon after the time when St. Hilda of Whitby was active in the region, first at Hartlepool Abbey, then at Whitby Abbey, which was founded in 657. The woman may well have known St. Hilda, who came from a similar
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Hilda of Whitby


1906-07. St. Hilda's College in Buenos Aires, Argentina was founded in 1912. There are two schools situated in Australia in recognition of St. Hilda. They are both 'St. Hilda's Anglican School for Girls' which is an independent, girls' school in Southport, South-East Australia and Mosman Park, Western Australia. On the upper west side of Manhattan in New York City is St. Hilda's and St. Hugh's School, an independent Episcopal day school that opened its doors in 1950. The school
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Hilda of Whitby


King Edwin fell in battle. Paulinus accompanied Hilda and Queen Æthelburh and her companions to the Queen's home in Kent. Queen Æthelburh founded a convent at Lyminge and it is assumed that Hilda remained with the Queen-Abbess. Hilda's elder sister, Hereswith, married Ethelric, brother of King Anna of East Anglia, who with all of his daughters became renowned for their Christian virtues. Later, Hereswith became a nun at Chelles Abbey in Gaul (modern France). Bede resumes Hilda's story at a point when she
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St. Hilda's College, University of Toronto


St Hilda's College is a residence hall of the University of Trinity College, itself a federated college of the University of Toronto, Canada. Although all students registered at Trinity College are considered students of St Hilda's College, it is not an independent body and today serves only an administrative function. St Hilda's College was named after St Hilda of Whitby. The University of Trinity College admitted its first female student in 1884. In 1888, it was decided that a distinct college was required for Trinity's women students.
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Whitby


on the cliff tops to the north west of the town. The town has a strong literary tradition; it can even be said that the earliest English literature comes from Whitby as Cædmon, the first known Anglo Saxon poet was a monk at the order that used Whitby Abbey during the abbacy of St Hilda (657–680). Part of Bram Stoker's novel "Dracula" was set in Whitby, incorporating pieces of local folklore, including the beaching of the Russian ship "Dmitri". Stoker discovered the name "Dracula"
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Whitby


run business on the east side of the river. Founded in 1988, the boatyard has two berths for new build and a dry dock for repairs. St Hilda's Business Centre provides office space for a range of businesses. Whitby Business Park is a site located by the A171 road, from the harbour on the southern outskirts of the town. Companies on the park include Supreme Plastics, Whitby Seafoods and Botham's of Whitby alongside major retailers, Homebase and Sainsbury's. The east coast has limited conventional energy generation capacity,
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Hartlepool Abbey


by Bishop Aidan of Lindisfarne in 640 to found and run a new abbey at Hereteu. After Hieu left for Tadcaster in 649, Hilda (later Hilda of Whitby) was appointed second abbess of the abbey by Bishop Aidan. When she arrived, there were some serious problems with the monks living there. Hilda organised it so that everyone had to pray, work and rest according to a clear timetable. In 655, King Oswiu of Northumbria sent his one-year-old daughter Ælfflæd to stay with Hilda, "to
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Hilda of Whitby


was about to join her widowed sister at Chelles Abbey. At the age of 33, Hilda decided instead to answer the call of Bishop Aidan of Lindisfarne and returned to Northumbria to live as a nun. Hilda's original convent is not known except that it was on the north bank of the River Wear. Here, with a few companions, she learned the traditions of Celtic monasticism, which Bishop Aidan brought from Iona. After a year Aidan appointed Hilda as the second Abbess of Hartlepool Abbey. No trace remains of this
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Saint Hilda's Secondary School


Saint Hilda's Secondary School (SHSS) is a government-aided secondary school in Tampines, Singapore, which offers a four to five-year course leading to a GCE 'O' Level and/or a GCE 'N' Level certificate. It was named after the saint Hilda of Whitby and is affiliated with the Anglican Diocese of Singapore. St. Hilda's traces its origins to a small private school, Bethel English School, founded in 1929 in a small two-storey building at Ceylon Road. It was taken over by
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Begu


Saint Begu (died 31 October 690) was a nun and later became a saint from Hackness, Yorkshire (Deira). She served at the monastic conversation in the nunnery of Hackness, near Scarborough which was built by St. Hilda of Whitby shortly before her death. Begu was the woman who claimed to have witnessed Hilda's soul being borne to heaven by angels when Hilda died on 17 November 680. Tradition states that at the moment of Hilda's passing, the bells tolled. Begu awoke to find her fellow sisters in
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Hilda of Whitby


her death the bells of the monastery of Hackness tolled. A nun there named Begu claimed to have witnessed Hilda's soul being borne to heaven by angels. A local legend says that when sea birds fly over the abbey they dip their wings in honour of Saint Hilda. Another legend tells of a plague of snakes which Hilda turned to stone, supposedly explaining the presence of ammonite fossils on the shore; heads were carved onto these 'petrified snakes' to honour this legend. In fact, the ammonite genus "Hildoceras"
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Hilda of Whitby


Catholic deaconesses founded in 1910 by Fr Frederick Burgess lived on the grounds of Christ Church, New Haven, Connecticut, in a house they called St. Hilda's House. The deaconesses of St. Hilda's House served the church, the children of the church school, and the poor and orphaned of New Haven until the early 1970s operating a free medicine clinic, soup kitchen and many other ministries. Today, St. Hilda's House- Episcopal Service Corps program at Christ Church New Haven has retained the name, and part of the legacy
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St Hilda's College, Oxford


St Hilda's College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. The college is named after the Anglo-Saxon Saint, Hilda of Whitby and was founded in 1893 as a hall for women; remaining an all-women's college until 2008. St Hilda’s was the last single-sex college in the university as Somerville College had admitted men in 1994. The college now has almost equal numbers of men and women at both undergraduate and postgraduate level. The current Principal is Sir Gordon Duff
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Whitby


including jet. Fossils include the petrified bones of an almost complete crocodile and a specimen of plesiosaurus measuring in length, and in breadth was discovered in 1841. Smaller fossils include ammonite, or "snake stones" from the alum shales and at Whitby Scar and nautilites in the lower beds of the lias strata. The Hildoceras genus of ammonite is named in honour of St Hilda of Whitby. The Rotunda Museum in Scarborough has a comprehensive collection of fossils from the area. The harbour and the mouth of the River Esk are on
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George Hudson


the chairman of the North Eastern Railway (NER) and was not popular in Whitby as he had failed to join the town to the national rail network and had overseen the rise of neighbouring Scarborough as Yorkshire's leading seaside resort. Hudson made the most of this in a speech delivered on 19 June in St. Hilda's Hall, Whitby and victory seemed assured. On Sunday 9 July 1865 (just before the election) the Sheriff of York arrested Hudson in Whitby and he was taken back to York. Although not proven,
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Ælfflæd of Whitby


shedding light on Whitby's Continental connections in the years after Hilda's death. Her piety was praised by contemporaries such as Bede and Stephen of Ripon. Bede refers to her high degree of holiness and devotion, while Stephen calls her the consoler of the whole kingdom and the best counsellor. Ælfflæd was considered a saint and her feast day was celebrated on 8 February. She was buried at Whitby. A late hagiography, the "Vita sanctae Elfledae", survives, collected in John Capgrave's "Nova Legenda Angliae" of
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Eanflæd


Eanflæd (19 April 626 – after 685, also known as Enfleda) was a Deiran princess, queen of Northumbria and later, the abbess of an influential Christian monastery in Whitby, England. She was the daughter of King Edwin of Northumbria and Æthelburg, who in turn was the daughter of King Æthelberht of Kent. In or shortly after 642 Eanflæd became the second wife of King Oswiu of Northumbria. After Oswiu's death in 670, she retired to Whitby Abbey, which had been founded by Hilda of Whitby. Eanflæd
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Synod of Whitby


The Synod of Whitby in 664 was a Northumbrian synod where King Oswiu of Northumbria ruled that his kingdom would calculate Easter and observe the monastic tonsure according to the customs of Rome, rather than the customs practised by Irish monks at Iona and its satellite institutions. The synod was summoned at Hilda's double monastery of Streonshalh (Streanæshalch), later called Whitby Abbey. There are two principal sources for the synod. The first source, the "Life of Wilfrid", is a hagiographic work written by Stephen of Ripon, often
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Hilda of Whitby


documented much of the Christian conversion of the Anglo-Saxons. According to Bede, Hilda was born in 614 into the Deiran royal household. She was the second daughter of Hereric, nephew of Edwin, King of Deira and his wife, Breguswīþ. When Hilda was still an infant, her father was poisoned while in exile at the court of the Brittonic king of Elmet in what is now West Yorkshire. In 616, Edwin killed Aethefrith, the son of Æthelric of Bernicia, in battle. He created the Kingdom of
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Hilda of Whitby


while in some others, such as the Anglican Church of Australia and the Anglican Church of Canada, it is on 17 November. In the Church of England however, it is kept on 19 November. In the calendar approved for formerly Anglican Personal Ordinariate and Pastoral Provision parishes in the Roman Catholic Church, the feast day of St. Hilda is celebrated on 23 June, together with those of St. Ethelreda, Abbess of Ely, d. 679, and St. Mildred, Abbess of Minster-in-Thanet, d. c.700. Hilda
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Order of the Holy Paraclete


named after St. Hilda of Whitby, the patron saint of Whitby, who founded a monastery on the east cliff in 657. The Order also has houses elsewhere in Yorkshire, with Sisters in York and Redcar as well as St. Oswald's Pastoral Centre in Sleights, near Whitby. The community describes itself as "active and contemplative", and follows the Benedictine tradition, following a regular pattern of monastic worship. The community has pioneered educational and medical work in Ghana from as early as 1926 and continues to do so today.
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Church of England


Bertha of Kent was among the Christians in England who recognised papal authority before Augustine arrived, and Celtic Christians were carrying out missionary work with papal approval long before the Synod of Whitby. The Synod of Whitby established the Roman date for Easter and the Roman style of monastic tonsure in England. This meeting of the ecclesiastics with Roman customs with local bishops was summoned in 664 at Saint Hilda's double monastery of Streonshalh (Streanæshalch), later called Whitby Abbey. It was presided over by King Oswiu, who did not engage in
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St Hilda's School


school, Goyte-Lea, from Miss Davenport. Goyte-Lea was established prior to Australian federation in the late 19th century. The School was named after the seventh century Abbess of Whitby Saint Hilda. Saint Hilda was said to have turned serpents into stone, and three stone serpents are the emblem of the school's crest. The School's first Headmistress was Catherine Bourne, for whom a series of classrooms are named. The School's motto since establishment is "Non nobis solum", Latin for "Not for Ourselves
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Hartlepool Abbey


be consecrated to God in perpetual virginity", an important gesture. Hilda stayed at Hartlepool Abbey until 657 or 658 when at Aidans behest she became founding abbess of Whitby Abbey, then called Streoneshalh, taking with her Ælfflæd and ten nuns. Hilda was now technically abbess of both monasteries, but she lived at Streaneshalch. The monastery then disappears from history, and it is possible that it either ceased to operate or that it moved to and became the nucleus of Hilda's new foundation. A village was founded around the monastery
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Hilda of Whitby


. Bede describes Hilda as a woman of great energy, who was a skilled administrator and teacher. As a landowner she had many in her employ to care for sheep and cattle, farming, and woodcutting. She gained such a reputation for wisdom that kings and princes sought her advice. However, she also had a concern for ordinary folk such as Cædmon . He was a herder at the monastery, who was inspired in a dream to sing verses in praise of God. Hilda recognized his gift and encouraged him to develop
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St Hilda's Church, Griffithstown


St Hilda's Church is the Church in Wales (Anglican) parish church of Griffithstown in Torfaen in south-east Wales. The church stands on the corner of Kemys Street and Sunnybank Road (formerly Church Road). It is dedicated to Saint Hilda, Abbess of Whitby and was built in 1888 in Early English style and consists of chancel, nave and southern porch. There is a vicarage, built later than the church itself, adjacent to the church on Sunnybank Road. The first vicar was Rev Mr James Dunn was
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A Warlock in Whitby


cats. Rowena Coopers husband, Nathaniel Crozier travels to Whitby to find out what happened to his wife. Tricking Aunt Alice into leaving Whitby for London to see her dying friend Patricia, Nathaniel realizes the staff of Hilda was one of four magical objects created to defend the world against Morgawrus. Nathaniel plans to destroy these guardians and unleash Morgawrus upon the world, planning to use him to take over. Followed by Ben, Nathaniel goes to a church where he finds one guardian and destroys it. He then discovers that the second
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Hilda of Whitby


the College of St Hild and St Bede. The veneration of St. Hilda from an early period is attested by the inclusion of her name in the calendar of St. Willibrord, written at the beginning of the 8th century. According to one tradition, her relics were translated to Glastonbury by King Edmund; another tradition holds that St. Edmund brought her relics to Gloucester. In the Roman Catholic Church, the feast day of St. Hilda is 17 November. In some parts of the Anglican Communion, her feast is on 18 November,
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Whitby


College and Eskdale School agreed to federate and plan to provide a joint sixth form operation in the town. The primary schools are St Hilda's Roman Catholic Primary School, Stakesby Community Primary School, West Cliff Primary School, Airy Hill Community Primary School and East Whitby Community Primary School. North Yorkshire County Council provides education services. The Whitby and District Fishing Industry Training School offers training for new entrants to the fishing industry and experienced fishermen. The swing bridge spanning the Esk divides the upper and lower harbours and joins the east and
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Wilfrid


the Archbishop of Canterbury, Deusdedit. Political concerns unrelated to the dating problem, such as the decline of Oswiu's preeminence among the other English kingdoms and the challenge to that position by Mercia, were also factors. Wilfrid attended the synod, or council, of Whitby, as a member of the party favouring the continental practice of dating Easter, along with James the Deacon, Agilbert, and Alhfrith. Those supporting the "Celtic" viewpoint were King Oswiu, Hilda, the Abbess of Whitby, Cedd, a bishop,
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Synod of Whitby


a Northumbrian churchman who had recently returned from Rome. Alchfrith's position in the royal house, together with his promotion of Wilfrid (who would be the spokesperson for the Roman position at the synod), has contributed to the view that he was instrumental in arranging his father's convocation of the synod. The synod was held at a place called "Streanæshalch", at a monastery of Hilda, herself a powerful Northumbrian noble and adherent to the Ionan Easter. The identification of the location with the place later called Whitby is
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Whitby Abbey


of the church have been declared a Grade I Listed building and are in the care of English Heritage; the site museum is housed in Cholmley House. The first monastery was founded in 657 AD by the Anglo-Saxon era King of Northumbria, Oswy (Oswiu) as Streoneshalh (the older name for Whitby). He appointed Lady Hilda, abbess of Hartlepool Abbey and grand-niece of Edwin, the first Christian king of Northumbria, as founding abbess. The name Streoneshalh is thought to signify "Fort Bay" or
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Hildoceras bifrons


Hildoceras bifrons is an extinct species of ammonite in the family Hildoceratidae. It dates from about 175 million years ago in the Early Jurassic when it was both widespread and common. Fossils have been found in North Africa and Europe, including several regions of England. The genus name has been given the name "Hildoceras" in honour of St. Hilda of Whitby (614-680 AD). Legend has it that this lady was required to found an abbey on the cliffs above Whitby, in the north of England. Finding the
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Bosa of York


as a saint in an 8th-century liturgical calendar. Bosa was a Northumbrian, educated at Whitby Abbey under the abbess Hilda. He subsequently joined the monastery as a monk, and became one of five men educated at Whitby who went on to become bishops. In 678, after Wilfrid was removed from the bishopric of York and banished from Northumbria, the diocese of York was divided into three. Bosa was appointed to the now greatly reduced diocese of York, which included the sub-kingdom of Deira, thanks to the
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Female education


550 AD. Successor to the sister of St. Caesarius and abbess of the convent he founded for her nuns, Caesaria the Younger continued the teaching of over a hundred women at the convent and aided in the copying and preservation of books. St. Hilda of Whitby - died 680 AD. Founder of the co-ed monastery of Whitby (men and women lived in separate houses), she established a center of education in her monastery similar to what was founded by the Frankish nuns. According to the Venerable Bede, "Her
16368558
Hilda of Whitby


by the Danish invaders in 867. After the Norman conquest that began in 1066 AD, monks from Evesham re-founded the abbey as a Benedictine house for men. Thus it continued until the Dissolution of the Monasteries by King Henry VIII in 1539. There is said to be the wraith of St Hilda, who appears in the ruins wrapped in a shroud, and the bells of the abbey can be heard ringing under the water, where they sank with the ship taking them to London after the abbey was dismantled. Two
19933963
Maureen Duffy


Virginia Woolf's life and several key episodes in the life of Abbess Hilda of Whitby, as recorded by Bede, in which Hilda tells of the poet Caedmon and the movement of the church from Irish to Roman Catholicism. Duffy's first volume of poetry was published in 1968, with nine books appearing in total, including "Environmental Studies" (2013), which was long-listed for the Green Carnation Prize; and, most recently, "Pictures from an Exhibition" (2016). Her "Collected Poems,
4480837
Order of the Holy Paraclete


The Order of The Holy Paraclete (OHP) is an Anglican religious community. The community began in 1915, when it was founded by Margaret Cope (1886–1961) at the Mother House of St. Hilda's Priory, Sneaton Castle, Whitby. Mother Margaret was a Novice with the Community of St Peter, Horbury, in 1914, when the announcement of the Great War meant that the Sisters decided to close St Hilda's School, the high school for girls which they had been running. While on rest at Rievaulx Abbey,
16025475
Sigeberht of East Anglia


of Ecgric, if he was not already Christian. Edwin's encouragement took shape in the marriage of his grand-niece Hereswitha, sister of Hilda of Whitby, to Æthelric, Rædwald's nephew. Hereswith and Hilda were under Edwin's protection and were baptised with him in 626. Bede relates that the East Anglian apostle Saint Felix came to England from Burgundy as a missionary bishop and was sent by Honorius, Archbishop of Canterbury, to assist in establishing Christianity in Sigeberht's kingdom. William of Malmesbury had the later story that
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Begu


the dormitory sleeping; it is then that Begu stated she witnessed the vision of the roof of the house opening and Hilda's soul been borne into heaven. The nuns awakened and prayed for the soul of the blessed abbess until, at dawn, some monks arrived to tell them of her death. Years after the death of Begu herself, the monks of Whitby Abbey were seeking holy relics to replace those of Hilda in 1125, as they were transferred to Glastonbury Abbey due to the 10th century Viking raids. Through a supposed
16962905
St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls


was renamed Claremont Ladies’ College and moved to the parish hall in Claremont. The school was bought by Melina Parnell in 1904 and renamed Girls’ High School. After Parnell’s retirement in 1926, the Anglican Church, keen to found an Anglican school for girls in the Claremont, Cottesloe or Peppermint Grove areas, acquired the Girls' High School. In March 1931 it was transferred to the Bay View Terrace campus it now presides at. The school was named after the Christian Saint Hilda of Whitby and is the name of
19340418
Hilda of Whitby


Northumbria and took its throne. Hilda was brought up at King Edwin's court. In 625, the widowed Edwin married the Christian princess Æthelburh of Kent, daughter of King Æthelberht of Kent and the Merovingian princess Bertha of Kent. As part of the marriage contract, Aethelburh was allowed to continue her Roman Christian worship and was accompanied to Northumbria with her chaplain, Paulinus of York, a Roman monk sent to England in 601 to assist Augustine of Canterbury. Augustine's mission in England was based in Kent, and is referred
19933948
Whitby


Muslims, 17 Buddhists, 12 Jews, 3 Sikhs and 499 people had no religious affiliations. St Mary's Church is an ancient foundation, St Ninian's opened in Baxtergate in 1778 and St John's, also on Baxtergate, was consecrated in 1850. St Michael's was opened in 1856 and St Hilda's on the West Cliff was built in 1885. The Roman Catholic Church dedicated to St Hilda was built in 1867 on Baxtergate. There are places of worship for nonconformists including a United Reformed Church; two Methodist chapels
6431459
History of the Church of England


decided to follow Roman rather than Celtic practices. The Synod of Whitby established the Roman date for Easter and the Roman style of monastic tonsure in Britain. This meeting of the ecclesiastics with Roman customs and local bishops following Celtic ecclesiastical customs was summoned in 664 at Saint Hilda's double monastery of Streonshalh (Streanæshalch), later called Whitby Abbey. It was presided over by King Oswiu, who did not engage in the debate but made the final ruling. A later archbishop of Canterbury, the Greek Theodore of Tarsus, also contributed
16710466
Leeds Trinity University


the Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities. Leeds Trinity opened in 1966 as two Roman Catholic teacher training colleges for Yorkshire - Trinity College for women and All Saints College for men. At the time there was a great demand for new teachers in Britain due to the post-war baby boom. Trinity College was composed of three residential halls to accommodate the female students: Shrewsbury (named after the birthplace of Elizabeth Prout), Whitby (Saint Hilda, who was Abbess of Whitby), and Norwich (Julian of Norwich)
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Whitby


series of raids by Vikings from Denmark under their leaders Ingwar and Ubba. Its site remained desolate for more than 200 years until after the Norman Conquest of 1066. After the Conquest, the area was granted to William de Percy who, in 1078 donated land to found a Benedictine monastery dedicated to St Peter and St Hilda. William de Percy's gift included land for the monastery, the town and port of Whitby and St Mary's Church and dependent chapels at Fyling, Hawsker, Sneaton, Ugglebarnby, Dunsley, and Aislaby
6431434
Paulinus of York


the Bail. Among those consecrated by Paulinus were Hilda, later the founding abbess of Whitby Abbey, and Hilda's successor, Eanflæd, Edwin's daughter. As the only Roman bishop in England, Paulinus also consecrated another Gregorian missionary, Honorius, as Archbishop of Canterbury after Justus' death, some time between 628 and 631. Edwin was defeated by an alliance of Gwynedd Welsh and Mercian Angles, being killed at the Battle of Hatfield Chase, on a date traditionally given as 12 October 633. One problem with the dating
13119533
Huyton College


school. The school buildings and grounds have now been redeveloped into private residential housing. The four main boarding houses are now residential homes for the elderly. At the time of its closure, the main boarding house names were St Hilda's (named after Hilda of Whitby), St Mary's (named after the mother of Christ), St Margaret's (named after the devout Scottish queen), and St Clare's (named after the founder of the religious order of the Poor Clares). Previously there had also
15067879
Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England


, Sigeberht welcomed from Ireland, Fursey and his brothers Foillan and Ultan and gave them land to establish an abbey at Cnobheresburg. Felix and Fursey effected a number of conversions and established many churches in Sigeberht's kingdom. Around the same time Sigeberht established a monastery at Beodricesworth. Hilda of Whitby was the grand-niece of Edwin of Northumbria. In 627 Edwin and his household were baptized Christian. When Edwin was killed in the Battle of Hatfield Chase, the widowed Queen Æthelburh, her children, and Hilda returned to Kent,
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Hilda of Whitby


to as the Gregorian mission after the pope who sent him. As queen, Æthelburh continued to practice her Christianity and no doubt influenced her husband's thinking as her mother Bertha had influenced her father. In 627 King Edwin was baptised on Easter Day, 12 April, along with his entire court, which included the 13-year-old Hilda, in a small wooden church hastily constructed for the occasion near the site of the present York Minster. In 633 Northumbria was overrun by the neighbouring pagan King of Mercia, at which time
19933949
Elmet


period of Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain. Elmet is chiefly attested in toponymic and archaeological evidence, references in early Welsh poetry, and historical sources such as the "Historia Brittonum" and Bede. The "Historia Brittonum" provides the only direct evidence that it was a kingdom. It says that King Edwin of Northumbria "occupied Elmet and expelled Certic, king of that country". Bede's "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" says that Hereric, the father of Hilda of Whitby, an important figure in the
7237497
Woodcroft College


a sign for hope; a serpent as a reminder of faith; a heart-shaped shield as a token of love; and a 'W' inside the cross representing the Woodcroft College Community. The Woodcroft College colours of navy blue and gold are associated with the school's patron saint, Hilda of Whitby, while the red is a liturgical (seasonal) colour of the Christian churches. Woodcroft College is divided into three sub-schools each with their own heads, classes, and subject teachers. The sub-schools
12009145
Hild (novel)


Hild is a 2013 historical novel and the sixth novel by British author Nicola Griffith. The book was first published in the United States by Farrar, Straus and Giroux on November 12, 2013 and in the United Kingdom on October 4, 2014 through Blackfriars Books. Griffith has stated that the book will be the first in a trilogy and that the tentative title for the second book will be "Menewood". "Hild" is a fictionalized telling of the life of Hilda of Whitby, also known as Hild of Streoneshalh,
16778482
Old Town Hall, Whitby


is where the Court Leet of Whitby, the Court of Pleas and the Court of Piepowder used to meet. Sometimes guilty parties would have to occupy the stocks outside the building. The arches on the upper floor are pedimented with Venetian windows. The building was commissioned and paid for by Nathaniel Cholmley and was designed and built by architect Jonathan Pickernell, who also constructed the two inner piers in Whitby Harbour between 1781 and 1812. The building was given listed status in 1954 and was renovated in 1987 but is prone to decay with
20870288
St Hilda's College, Oxford


, who took up the post in 2014. As of 2018, the college had an endowment of £52.1 million and total assets of £113.4 million. St Hilda's was founded by Dorothea Beale (who was also a headmistress at Cheltenham Ladies' College) in 1893, as St Hilda's Hall. It was founded as a women's college, a status it retained until 2008. Whilst other Oxford colleges gradually became co-educational, no serious debate at St Hilda's occurred until 1997, according to a former
6053116
2015 Pacific hurricane season


saw Hilda drop below major hurricane status late on August 9. The next two days saw Hilda turn to the northwest and slow down while rounding the southwestern part of a subtropical ridge. Weakening continued and accelerated on August 10–11 as the subtropical jet stream over Hawaii inflicted strong wind shear over Hilda, exposing the low-level circulation. Under the influence of both the strong westerly jet stream and the easterly trade winds, Hilda became almost stationary as it rapidly dropped below hurricane strength on August 12. Convection over Hilda mostly dissipated by
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Hurricane Hilda (1955)


Hilda were from an easterly wave, which spawned a tropical depression over the northern Lesser Antilles late on September 10. By the next day, the system was producing winds of in squalls. After moving to the northwest, it turned more to the west and quickly intensified. On September 12, Hilda attained hurricane status to the north of the Mona Passage between Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. It was a small cyclone, and the strongest winds were in a small region around the eye. Hilda continued to the west about
17996689
Saint Bega


she founded Hartlepool Abbey, a convent at Hartlepool, but modern historians believe the writer of the "Life" created a composite St Bega, with events from the lives of "Heui", who founded that convent, and "Begu"; who was mentioned in Bede's life of St Hilda of Whitby. This confusion put Bega into the 7th century, which is clearly inconsistent, as the Vikings, whose raids supposedly led to her fleeing to St Bees, only appeared in the area and started raiding Ireland from Ca.795
11768961
Paulinus of York


Bede implies that the mission in Northumbria was successful, but there is little supporting evidence, and it is more likely that Paulinus' missionary efforts there were relatively ineffectual. Although Osric, one of Edwin's successors, was converted to Christianity by Paulinus, he returned to paganism after Edwin's death. Hilda, however, remained a Christian, and eventually went on to become abbess of the influential Whitby Abbey. Northumbria's conversion to Christianity was mainly achieved by Irish missionaries brought into the region by Edwin's eventual successor, Oswald
13119538
St Hilda's College (University of Melbourne)


run the first co-educational abbey in the English town now known as Whitby, in the years around 663AD. A statute granting affiliation with The University of Melbourne was passed in 1960 and a public appeal was launched under the patronage of Dame Pattie Menzies and the chairmanship of Sir Charles Lowe. The money raised in this appeal, together with grants from the Commonwealth and State Governments, made it possible to complete the first phase of the College building by the beginning of 1964. In 2007, the Brian James Wing of the
14714215
Wilfrid


careers. In 677 or 678, Wilfrid and Ecgfrith quarrelled, and Wilfrid was expelled from his see. Abbess Hilda of Whitby was a leader in a faction of the Northumbrian church that disliked Wilfrid, and her close ties with Theodore helped to undermine Wilfrid's position in Northumbria. Another contributory factor in Wilfrid's expulsion was his encouragement of Æthelthryth's entry into a nunnery; he had personally given her the veil, the ceremony of entering a nunnery, on her retirement to Ely Abbey. Æthelthryth had donated the lands Wilfrid used
15056067
Cuthbert


daughter of Oswiu of Northumbria, who succeeded St Hilda as abbess of Whitby in 680. The meeting was held on Coquet Island, further south off the Northumberland coast. In 684, Cuthbert was elected Bishop of Hexham at a synod at Twyford (believed to be present-day Alnmouth), but was reluctant to leave his retirement and take up his charge; it was only after a visit from a large group, including king Ecgfrith, that he agreed to return and take up the duties of bishop, but instead as
1588467
Order of the Holy Paraclete


she was inspired by the Holy Spirit to found a new educational Order, to continue the school. In January 1915, St Hilda's School re-opened at Sneaton Castle, Whitby, and the new Order was provisionally named The Society of the Holy Spirit. The Archbishop of York at the time was Dr Cosmo Gordon Lang, who in July 1915 appointed Dr Walter Frere of the Community of the Resurrection as adviser to the Order. Fr Frere advised that there was already in existence in the USA an Order called The Society
16025476
Christian monasticism


and Mother Margaret Cope (1886–1961) at St Hilda’s Priory, Whitby, Yorkshire. In England, John Wycliffe, organized the Lollard Preacher Order (the "Poor Priests") to promote his views, many of which resounded with those held by the later Protestant Reformers. Monastic life in England came to an abrupt end with Dissolution of the Monasteries during the reign of King Henry VIII. The property and lands of the monasteries were confiscated and either retained by the king or sold to catholic landowners or given to loyal protestant
17051238
Æthelwold of East Anglia


"Gesta Regum Anglorum": Dynastic alliances bound Æthelwold's kingdom strongly to the Christian kingdom of Kent, where Seaxburh, the eldest daughter of Æthelwold's elder brother Anna, was Eorcenberht of Kent's queen. East Anglia's western stronghold in the Fens was held by Seaxburh's sister Æthelthryth and, like Kent, it was devoutly attached to the Roman Church. There was also an important Northumbrian connection: in 657, Hilda established the monastery of Streoneshalh (identified with Whitby), which later became the burial-place of
18142691
Ammonoidea


particularly susceptible to marine faunal turnovers and climatic change. There have been reliable reports of ammonite fossils from the early Paleocene. The main fossil find of a Paleocene Ammonoidea is a Scaphitidae ident from Turkmenistan. In medieval Europe, fossilised ammonites were thought to be petrified coiled snakes, and were called "snakestones" or, more commonly in medieval England, "serpentstones". They were considered to be evidence for the actions of saints, such as Hilda of Whitby, a myth referenced in Sir Walter Scott's "Marmion",
19213824
Cædmon


Cædmon (; "fl. c." AD 657–684) is the earliest English (Northumbrian) poet whose name is known. An Anglo-Saxon who cared for the animals at the double monastery of Streonæshalch (Whitby Abbey) during the abbacy (657–680) of St. Hilda (614–680), he was originally ignorant of "the art of song" but learned to compose one night in the course of a dream, according to the 8th-century historian Bede. He later became a zealous monk and an accomplished and inspirational Christian
21015926
Ceretic of Elmet


Ceretic of Elmet (or Ceredig ap Gwallog) was the last king of Elmet, a Britonnic kingdom that existed in the West Yorkshire area of Northern England in sub-Roman Britain. Bede records that Hilda of Whitby (born 614), a member of the Deiran royal family, was taken to the court of King Ceretic, after fleeing from the Northumbrian usurper, Æthelfrith of Bernicia. Bede describes Ceretic as "King of the Britons", perhaps meaning just the Britons of that area. When Edwin of Deira returned to
2903851
St. Cuthbert's beads


that crinoids were "plants petrified". The term "St Cuthbert's beads" became a common way of referring to crinoid columnals from the 17th century onwards, and is a term which is still used occasionally in palaeontological writings. In Sir Walter Scott's poem "Marmion", written in 1808, St. Cuthbert is described (by fishermen) as creating these bead-like fossils at Lindisfarne, Northumberland. The poem also makes reference to St. Hilda of Whitby, Yorkshire who, according to religious legend, turned snakes into
8085359
Paulinus of York


on her journey to Northumbria to marry King Edwin of Northumbria, and eventually succeeded in converting Edwin to Christianity. Paulinus also converted many of Edwin's subjects and built some churches. One of the women Paulinus baptised was a future saint, Hilda of Whitby. Following Edwin's death in 633, Paulinus and Æthelburg fled Northumbria, leaving behind a member of Paulinus' clergy, James the Deacon. Paulinus returned to Kent, where he became Bishop of Rochester. He received a pallium from the pope, symbolizing his appointment as Archbishop
13119524
Island Bay, New Zealand


's 1996 film The Frighteners. The chapel was refurbished in 2003, and is now a popular venue for weddings and concerts. The Island Bay Marine Education Centre on the foreshore has a small aquarium and touch tank, and is open to the public on alternate Sundays. There are five churches in Island Bay. The oldest is the Anglican church, which is over 100 years old. It has a traditional brick front design, and some stained glass windows honouring the early settlers. It is named after St Hilda of Whitby,
13142772
Women in the Middle Ages


roles within the Church became available to women. From the 5th century onward, Christian convents provided an alternative to the path of marriage and child-rearing, to play a more active religious role. Abbesses could become important figures in their own right, often ruling over monasteries of both men and women, and holding significant lands and power. Figures such as Hilda of Whitby (c. 614–680), became influential on a national and even international scale. Spinning was one of a number of traditional women's crafts at this time
14156114
Wilfrid II (bishop of York)


he does not seem to have had a widespread or popular veneration. Wilfrid was a monk at Whitby and studied there when Hilda was abbess. He was consecrated abbot of the cathedral community in York during 718, and in 718 was consecrated as coadjutor bishop to John of Beverley. Wilfrid was described as a very holy man, and interested in education. He embellished York Minster during his time, having silver vessels made for use at the altar and having the altar and the crosses covered with gold and silver leaf. Wilfrid resigned
14671976
Edwin of Northumbria


An otherwise unknown sibling fathered Hereric, who in turn fathered Abbess Hilda of Whitby and Hereswith, wife to Æthelric, the brother of king Anna of East Anglia. The "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" reported that on Ælle's death a certain "Æthelric" assumed power. The exact identity of Æthelric is uncertain. He may have been a brother of Ælle, an elder brother of Edwin, an otherwise unknown Deiran noble, or the father of Æthelfrith. Æthelfrith himself appears to have been king of "Northumbria"—both Deira and Bernicia
15456081
Kingdom of Northumbria


Monkwearmouth-Jarrow was producing manuscripts of his works for high demand on the Continent. Northumbria was also home to several Anglo-Saxon Catholic poets. Cædmon lived at the double monastery of Streonæshalch (Whitby Abbey) during the abbacy (657–680) of St. Hilda (614–680). According to Bede, he "was wont to make religious verses, so that whatever was interpreted to him out of scripture, he soon after put the same into poetical expressions of much sweetness and humility in English, which was his native language
16105982