Benedict Biscop [SEP] canonization status
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Sunderland Minster


In 1998, following the grant of City status, the church was redesignated as ‘Sunderland Minster’: the second Minster church in England since the Reformation (following Dewsbury Minster in West Yorkshire in 1994). In May 2007, with the adoption of Benedict Biscop as Sunderland’s Patron Saint, the church was redesignated as an Extra Parochial Place with the addition of St Benedict Biscop in its title. It is a Grade II* listed building. Until May 2007 the team of ministers carried out traditional parish duties as well as
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Benedict Biscop


Benedict Biscop (pronounced "bishop";  – 690), also known as Biscop Baducing, was an Anglo-Saxon abbot and founder of Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Priory (where he also founded the famous library) and was considered a saint after his death. Benedict, born of a noble Northumbrian family, was for a time a thegn of King Oswiu of Berenicia () At the age of 25 ( 653) Benedict made the first of his five trips to Rome, accompanying his friend Saint Wilfrid the Elder. However Wilfrid
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Benedict Biscop


stay there, from 665 to 667, he underwent a course of instruction, taking monastic vows and the name of "Benedict". Following the two years in Lérins Benedict made his third trip to Rome. At this time Pope Vitalian commissioned him to accompany Archbishop Theodore of Tarsus back to Canterbury in 669. On their return Archbishop Theodore appointed Benedict as abbot of SS. Peter and Paul's, Canterbury, a role he held for two years. Benedict Biscop, the Bibliophile, assembled a library from his travels His second
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Benedict Biscop


tells us that he brought builders and glass-workers from Francia to erect the buildings in stone. In 685, Ecgfrith granted the land south of the River Wear to Biscop. Separated from the monastery, this would be known as the "sundered land," which in time would become the name of the wider urban area. Benedict's idea was to build a model monastery for England, sharing his knowledge of the experience of the Church in Europe. It was the first ecclesiastical building in Britain to be built in stone
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Wilfrid


's career was advanced by Eanflæd's cousin Hlothere, who was later the King of Kent from 673 to 685. The Kentish court included a number of visiting clergymen at that time, including Benedict Biscop, a noted missionary. Wilfrid appears to have spent about a year in Kent, but the exact chronology is uncertain. Wilfrid left Kent for Rome in the company of Benedict Biscop, another of Eanflæd's contacts. This is the first pilgrimage to Rome known to have been undertaken by English natives, and took place some time
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Ceolfrith


humility within Ceolfrid. In 674, Benedict Biscop received a land grant from King Ecgfrith for the explicit purpose of erecting a monastery. During the construction of his first monastery at Wearmouth, Biscop appointed Abbot Eosterwini (anglicized as "Easterwine") as his primary Abbot and Coadjutor. The monastery took eight years to build. This institute had left Ecgfrith so enamoured that soon after the completion of the Wearmouth Monastery, he granted Biscop another segment of land for the construction of a second monastery, Jarrow, with the intention that the
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Sunderland Minster


The Minster Church of St Michael and All Angels and St Benedict Biscop (commonly known as Sunderland Minster) is a church in Sunderland city centre, England. It was known as St Michael & All Angels' Church, serving the parish of Bishopwearmouth, but was renamed on 11 January 1998 in recognition of Sunderland's city status. In May 2007 the Minster ceased to act as the parish church of Bishopwearmouth. It is one of the Greater Churches. A church dedicated to St Michael & All Angels has stood on this site
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University of Sunderland


The University of Sunderland is a university located in Sunderland in the North East of England. Its predecessor, Sunderland Technical College, was established as a municipal training college in 1901. It gained university status in 1992. It now has campuses in Sunderland, London and Hong Kong. As of 2016/17, the university has students. Sunderland has been an important centre for education since 674 AD, when Benedict Biscop built St Peter's Church and monastery. St Peter's Church was the site of the greatest scriptorium north of the Alps
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Sunderland


Sunderland () is a city at the centre of the City of Sunderland metropolitan borough, in Tyne and Wear, England, 12 miles northeast of Durham at the mouth of the River Wear. Historically in County Durham, there were three original settlements by the mouth of the River Wear on the site of modern-day Sunderland. On the north side of the river, Monkwearmouth was settled in 674 when King Ecgfrith of Northumbria granted land to Benedict Biscop to found Monkwearmouth Monastery. In 685, Ecgfrith further granted Biscop the land
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Bede


monasteries of Monkwearmouth and Jarrow, in modern-day Wearside and Tyneside respectively; there is also a tradition that he was born at Monkton, two miles from the monastery at Jarrow, although at the time of his birth the Jarrow Monastery did not exist. Bede says nothing of his origins, but his connections with men of noble ancestry suggest that his own family was well-to-do. Bede's first abbot was Benedict Biscop, and the names "Biscop" and "Beda" both appear in a king list
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Benedict Biscop


grant from Pope Agatho granting his monastery certain privileges. Benedict made five overseas voyages in all to stock the library. In 682 Benedict appointed Eosterwine as his coadjutor and the King was so delighted at the success of St Peter's, he gave him more land in Jarrow and urged him to build a second monastery. Benedict erected a sister foundation (St Paul) at Jarrow. He appointed Ceolfrid as the superior, who left Wearmouth with 20 monks to start the foundation in Jarrow. Bede, one of Benedict's pupils,
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St Benet Fink


1216, although the discovery of a 10th-century wheel-headed cross in its former churchyard suggests a Saxon foundation. In the case of St Benet, it is certain that the Benedict referred to Benedict Biscop the 7th century Anglo-Saxon founder of Jarrow Priory, and St Benedict Fink referred to Benedict of Nursia, the 6th century founder of Western monasticism. "Fink", according to John Stow, is derived from Robert Fink ("alias" Finch), a 13th-century benefactor who paid to have the
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Benedict Biscop


was detained in Lyon "en route". Benedict completed the journey on his own, and when he returned to England was "full of fervour and enthusiasm ... for the good of the English Church". Benedict made a second journey to Rome twelve years later, this time accompanied by Alchfrith of Deira, a son of King Oswiu. On this trip he met Acca and Wilfrid. On his return journey to England Benedict stopped at Lérins, a monastic island off the Mediterranean coast of Provence. During his two-year
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Sunderland


Wear date to 674, when an Anglo-Saxon nobleman, Benedict Biscop, granted land by King Ecgfrith of Northumbria, founded the Wearmouth–Jarrow ("St. Peter's") monastery on the north bank of the river – an area that became known as Monkwearmouth. Biscop's monastery was the first built of stone in Northumbria. He employed glaziers from France and in doing so he re-established glass making in Britain. In 686 the community was taken over by Ceolfrid, and Wearmouth–Jarrow became a major
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Ceolfrith


two should be administered as one. It is during the construction of the Wearmouth Monastery that Benedict Biscop sought out Ceolfrid, who would become "his most zealous assistant from the first foundation of the former monastery", as well as a close friend. It appears that Biscop's invitation came at a most opportune time, for Ceolfrid had been contemplating the idea of leaving the post he held at the time. He had grown rather disenchanted with the power stratification within the institution (the name of which is unknown), and
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Canonical situation of the Society of Saint Pius X


ad intra' (internal)?" Castrillón Hoyos answered that he "reject the term ecumenism ad intra." He explained that the SSPX priests and adherents "are not schismatics" since, In 2009, Pope Benedict XVI reaffirmed that: "Until the doctrinal questions are clarified, the Society has no canonical status in the Church, and its ministers – even though they have been freed of the ecclesiastical penalty – do not legitimately exercise any ministry in the Church." The status of the SSPX was not changed by Benedict
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Kingdom of Northumbria


Roman Catholicism at the Synod of Whitby. The two-halves of the double monastery Monkwearmouth-Jarrow were founded by the nobleman Benedict Biscop in 673 and 681. Biscop became the first abbot of the monastery, and travelled to Rome six times to buy books for the library. His successor, Abbot Ceolfrith, continued to add to the library until by one estimate the library at Monkwearmouth-Jarrow had over two hundred volumes. One who benefited from this library was Bede. In the early seventh century in York, Paulinus founded
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Benedict Biscop


, and the use of glass was a novelty for many in 7th-century England. It eventually possessed what was a large library for the time – several hundred volumes – and it was here that Benedict's student Bede wrote his famous works. The library became world-famous and manuscripts that had been copied there became prized possessions throughout Europe, including especially the Codex Amiatinus, the earliest surviving manuscript of the complete Bible in the Latin Vulgate version. For the last three years of his life Benedict was bed-ridden.
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St Peter's Church, Monkwearmouth


The original church on the site was built at the behest of Benedict Biscop in AD 674–75, when the area was part of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria. Bede ("circa" 673–735) wrote that Benedict brought stonemasons and glassworkers from Gaul to build the church, as these crafts were not yet established in Anglo-Saxon England. Of Benedict's building only the west wall and porch survive. The ground floor of the porch is barrel vaulted. Its outer arch, at the west end of the porch,
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Benedict Biscop


trip to Rome had been a book buying trip. Overall, the collection had an estimated 250 titles of mostly service books. The library included scripture, classical, and secular works. Ecgfrith of Northumbria granted Benedict land in 674 for the purpose of building a monastery. He went to the Continent to bring back masons who could build a monastery in the Pre-Romanesque style. Benedict made his fifth and final trip to Rome in 679 to bring back books for a library, saintly relics, stonemasons, glaziers, and a
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Ceolfrith


opportune place to learn his position's responsibilities. Twelve years later, upon the death of Abbot Eosterwini, Ceolfrid was appointed as the sole Abbot for both Monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow, an honour never heard of before. In 690, Benedict Biscop died, after being bedridden for a lengthy period of time, and Ceolfrid became the leading head of both monasteries, "[whose] libraries of both monasteries, which Abbot Benedict had so actively begun, under his zealous care became doubled in extant". Bede came into Ceolfrid
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Canonical situation of the Society of Saint Pius X


bishops. "By definition, their request carried with it an acknowledgement of the Pope's authority over the Church here on earth." Pope Benedict XVI explained that the SSPX has no canonical status in the Catholic Church for doctrinal reasons and that SSPX ministers "do not legitimately exercise any ministry in the Church." Although the 1988 excommunication of the four SSPX bishops was remitted in 2009, the SSPX bishops and priests were still unable to exercise any episcopal or priestly ministry in the Catholic Church. According to canon 1383 of the
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Bede


" of Durham Cathedral names two priests with this name, one of whom is presumably Bede himself. Some manuscripts of the "Life of Cuthbert", one of Bede's works, mention that Cuthbert's own priest was named Bede; it is possible that this priest is the other name listed in the "Liber Vitae". At the age of seven, Bede was sent, as a "puer oblatus", to the monastery of Monkwearmouth by his family to be educated by Benedict Biscop and later by Ceolfrith. Bede
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Christian library


ended in the mid-Fifth century, Columba founded the meditation and copying center at Iona off the coast of Scotland. A century later witnessed the arrival of Augustine of Canterbury, sent to England by Gregory the Great, and this set in motion the establishment of greater conformity to the will of Rome on the part of the English church. A side-effect of this harmony was a marked increase in monastic library development in England, and a key figure in this maturing was Benedict Biscop of Wearmouth on the North Sea Coast
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Codex Grandior


The Codex Grandior ("Larger Codex") was a large single-volume copy of the Bible in an Old Latin translation that was made for or by Cassiodorus. It was one of a number of works held at his monastic foundation Vivarium, near Squillace, Italy. This codex was probably acquired in Italy by Benedict Biscop or Ceolfrid in 678 for the library of the new monastery at Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey in Northumbria. The book no longer exists, but it is believed to have been used to create the Codex Amiatinus
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Bewcastle Cross


in by Benedict Biscop from the 670s to expand the monastery of Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbey, then one of the leading centres of culture in the Kingdom of Northumbria is still supported by the Bewcastle website; this reflects the dating of scholars such as Meyer Schapiro. Each of the four sides of the cross is intricately decorated with reliefs divided into panels depicting figures (west side only), animals, chequers, vine scrolls, interlace knots, as well as a sundial. The north, west, and south sides of the cross
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Canonization of Pope Pius XII


. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints certifies the "heroic virtues" of a candidate for Venerable status, although the final decision lies with the Pope. Benedict XVI was 12 years old when Pius XII was elected to the papacy in 1939; one Vatican insider described Benedict XVI's memory of Pius XII thus: "Pius is really "his" Pope." "Business Week" compared the move to Barack Obama's receipt of the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize, noting: Once the Vatican recognizes one scientifically inexplicable miracle based
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Ecgfrith of Northumbria


674 to undertake the building of a monastery dedicated to St. Peter. About ten years later, he made a second gift of land, 40 hides on the River Tyne at Jarrow, for the establishment of a sister house dedicated to St. Paul. These two houses came to be known as the Monastery of Wearmouth and Jarrow, an establishment made famous by the scholar Bede, who, at the age of seven, was put into the care of Benedict Biscop at Wearmouth and remained for the rest of his life as a monk
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History of Medieval Cumbria


leaders such as Cuthbert (who inspired local disciples such as Herbert of Derwentwater), Benedict Biscop and Wilfrid: the age of the building of monasteries and churches (the larger ones in stone); of the production of the Lindisfarne Gospels and other manuscripts; of elaborately decorative church art, some situated in Cumbria, such as the Bewcastle Cross shaft, the Ireby Cross, and the golden liturgical water bowl found at Ormside. In Cumbria, there were monasteries at Carlisle, Dacre, and Heversham, known from literary sources;
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Wells Cathedral


, and Benedict Biscop are identifiable by their attributes. In the second zone, above each pair of standing figures, is a quatrefoil containing a half-length angel in relief, some of which have survived. Between the gables of the niches are quatrefoils that contain a series of narratives from the Bible, with the Old Testament stories to the south, above the prophets and patriarchs, and those from the New Testament to the north. A horizontal course runs around the west front dividing the architectural storeys at this point. Above
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Eosterwine


Eosterwine (or Easterwine) (650 – 7 March 686) was the second Anglo-Saxon Abbot of Wearmouth in Northumbria (England). Descended from the noblest stock of Northumbria, as a young man he led the life of a soldier in the army of King Egfrid, the son of Oswy. When twenty-four years old he gave up the soldier's profession to become a monk in the monastery of Wearmouth, then ruled over by his cousin, Benedict Biscop. He was ordained priest in the year 679,
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National Glass Centre


The National Glass Centre is a cultural venue and visitor attraction located in Sunderland, North East England. It is part of the University of Sunderland. The National Glass Centre is located in Sunderland, on the north banks of the River Wear, on the former site of J.L. Thompson and Sons shipyard. The centre is close to the site of St. Peter's Church, part of the original Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Priory built in 674. It was here that Benedict Biscop introduced glass making into Britain, by hiring French glaziers to make
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Insular art


was part of a Dál Riata that included territory in both Ireland and modern Scotland. Although the first conversion of a Northumbrian king, that of Edwin in 627, was effected by clergy from the Gregorian Mission to Kent, it was the Celtic Christianity of Iona that was initially more influential in Northumbria, founding Lindisfarne on the eastern coast as a satellite in 635. However Northumbria remained in direct contact with Rome and other important monastic centres were founded by Wilfrid and Benedict Biscop who looked to Rome, and at the Synod of Whitby
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Novem Codices


The Novem Codices were a copy of an Old Latin translation of the Bible in nine volumes which were created for or by Cassiodorus for his monastic foundation at Vivarium. Some or all of the "Novem Codices" were probably acquired by Benedict Biscop or Ceolfrid in Italy for the monastery at Monkwearmouth. The illumination of Ezra the Scribe in the "Codex Amiatinus", which was created under the direction of Ceolfrid, has an open book cupboard containing a Bible in nine volumes which may be a representation of the "Novem Codices"
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Brother Azarias


was engrafted, and concludes with pen pictures of Hilda, Caedmon, Benedict Biscop, and the Venerable Bede. The period covered is the first thousand years of the Christian era. "Aristotle and the Christian Church" (London and New York, 1888) sets forth the attitude of the Catholic Church towards Aristotelean philosophy in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. "Books and Reading" (seventh edition, New York, 1904) was originally a reprint of two lectures delivered before the Cathedral Library Reading Circle of New York City,
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Jarrow


of Benedict Biscop, its founder. In 794 Jarrow became the second target in England of the Vikings, who had plundered Lindisfarne in 793. The monastery was later dissolved by Henry VIII. The ruins of the monastery are now associated with and partly built into the present-day church of St. Paul, which stands on the site. One wall of the church contains the oldest stained glass window in the world, dating from about AD 600. Just beside the monastery is "Jarrow Hall – Anglo-Saxon Farm, Village
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Wombourne


Dudley. William's total holding at Wombourne supported 8 ploughs and was worth £3. There were 13 villagers (probably not including dependents, so perhaps thirty to forty people in total); a priest, and so perhaps some sort of church; as well as two mills, the first evidence for the importance of water power in the area. Wombourne was part of the Seisdon Hundred. The Priors of Dudley built or rebuilt the Parish Church of St. Benedict Biscop around 1170, the only parish church dedicated to this Anglo
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Wombourne


found on the internet. A bus route 254 served Wombourne until it was discontinued in 2010. There used to be a railway line but this closed to passenger services in 1932. Also, this area is near the main A449 road. There are four primary schools in Wombourne; Westfield, St. Bernadette's R.C., Blakeley Heath and St. Benedict Biscop. There is also a secondary school, Ounsdale High School, that takes many of the local primary schools pupils on. Students also come from local areas on coach and bus services
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Adrian of Canterbury


, and an excellent administrator. Under his direction the abbey came to have substantial, far-reaching influence. In another account, also attributed to Bede, in his "Lives of the Abbots of Wearmouth", it is stated that Adrian was not made abbot till after the resignation of Benedict Biscop, who is made to have accompanied Theodore all the way from Rome, and to have been immediately on their arrival appointed to this place, which he appears to have held for about two years. The facts in the two
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Ceolfrith


the age of 27, Ceolfrid was ordained as a priest, and began to acquaint himself to the utmost with the practices of monastic life. Very little is revealed about the period between the end of his days at Ripon, and his appointment under Benedict Biscop, except that he spent some time in the institutions of Abbot Botolph, whom he describes as being filled with "the grace of spirit". While having been revered as an inspiration for the way of divine living, Botolph also served to inspire a greater sense of
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Ceolfrith


as the individual who directed the construction of the monastery itself. The friendship between the two was fairly close. When Benedict sailed across the English channel to Rome for the last time, he chose only Ceolfrid to join him in his journey. This trip was to be the very trip that would lead to both Abbot's immortalization in the works of Ceolfrid's ward and later contemporary, The Venerable Bede. Ceolfrid also used the trip as an opportunity to explore his role in Biscop's institution, feeling that Rome would be an
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University of Sunderland


Sunderland's new Chancellor and would be officially installed at a ceremony on 10 July 2019, during the university's summer Academic Awards. There are two campuses in Sunderland, one in Hong Kong and one in London. The Sunderland campuses are City Campus and the Sir Tom Cowie Campus at St Peter's. St Peter's opened during the 1990s on the north bank of the River Wear, the site of St. Peter's Church and monastery built by Benedict Biscop in 674AD. In September 2002, the campus was renamed "The
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Bede


to read it. The preface makes it clear that Ceolwulf had requested the earlier copy, and Bede had asked for Ceolwulf's approval; this correspondence with the king indicates that Bede's monastery had excellent connections among the Northumbrian nobility. The monastery at Wearmouth-Jarrow had an excellent library. Both Benedict Biscop and Ceolfrith had acquired books from the Continent, and in Bede's day the monastery was a renowned centre of learning. It has been estimated that there were about 200 books in the monastic library. For the period prior
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Benedictines


. The English Benedictine Congregation is the oldest of the nineteen Benedictine congregations. Augustine of Canterbury and his monks established the first English Benedictine monastery at Canterbury soon after their arrival in 597. Other foundations quickly followed. Through the influence of Wilfrid, Benedict Biscop, and Dunstan, the Benedictine Rule spread with extraordinary rapidity, and in the North it was adopted in most of the monasteries that had been founded by the Celtic missionaries from Iona. Many of the episcopal sees of England were founded and governed by the Benedictines, and no
3756157
Christianisation of Scotland


century, St. Aidan (died 651) went from Iona to found a church at Lindisfarne off the east coast of Northumbria. The influence of Lindisfarne would spread through the kingdom of Northumbria into what is now south-east Scotland. However, in the second half of the century, the Northumbrian church was increasingly influenced by the Roman form of Christianity. The careers of St. Wilfred (active from the 660s until his death in 709), abbot of the monastery at Ripon and Bishop of Northumbria, and Benedict Biscop (c.
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Christianity in Medieval Scotland


the Roman form of Christianity. The careers of St. Wilfred (active from the 660s until his death in 709), abbot of the monastery at Ripon and Bishop of Northumbria, and Benedict Biscop (c. 628–690), founder of the monasteries of Jarrow and Wearmouth, intensified ties with Rome. Wilfred was the major spokesman for the Roman case at the Synod of Whitby in 664, which was called by king Oswiu of Northumbria to decide which form of observance would be used in his kingdom, and where he decided in favour
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City of Sunderland


freedom of the City. St Benedict Biscop was adopted as the City's Patron Saint in March 2004. Like all metropolitan authorities, the city is divided into a number of wards or "electoral districts". Each has three councillors elected for a four-year term. One third of councillors face re-election each year, and no city elections are held in the fourth year of the election cycle - this was when each ward's sole metropolitan county councillor was elected, prior to the county council's abolition in 1986
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Pope Benedict XVI


2005 in St. Peter's Square when he canonized Josef Bilczewski, Alberto Hurtado SJ, Zygmunt Gorazdowski, Gaetano Catanoso and Felice da Nicosia. The canonizations were part of a Mass that marked the conclusion of the General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops and the Year of the Eucharist. Pope Benedict XVI canonized Bishop Rafael Guizar y Valencia, Mother Theodore Guerin, Filippo Smaldone and Rosa Venerini on 15 October 2006. During his visit to Brazil in 2007, Pope Benedict XVI presided over the canonization of Frei Galvão on 11 May, while
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The Wodehouse


Benedict Biscop and the new St John's Church, Wolverhampton, which opened in 1760. He provided an organ for his parish church, and his correspondence with this organist regarding playing techniques has recently been rediscovered, and is cited approvingly. Sir Samuel's grandmother lived to be 99, and he survived not two years longer, dying in the autumn of 1784. He never married and left his property to his lifelong friend Thomas Shaw, minister at St John's Wolverhampton and perpetual curate of Claverley "circa" 1765–1810. A
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Stained glass


, and the Portland vase which is midnight blue, with a carved white overlay. In early Christian churches of the 4th and 5th centuries, there are many remaining windows which are filled with ornate patterns of thinly-sliced alabaster set into wooden frames, giving a stained-glass like effect. Evidence of stained-glass windows in churches and monasteries in Britain can be found as early as the 7th century. The earliest known reference dates from 675 AD when Benedict Biscop imported workmen from France to glaze the windows of the monastery
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Ecgfrith of Northumbria


'to waver and to slip backward ever lower". The Northumbrians never regained the dominance of central Britain lost in 679; nor of northern Britain lost in 685. Nevertheless, Northumbria remained one of the most powerful states of Britain and Ireland well into the Viking Age. Ecgfrith was buried on Iona and succeeded by his illegitimate half-brother, Aldfrith. Like his father before him, Ecgfrith supported the religious work of Benedict Biscop in the kingdom and gave him 70 hides of land near the mouth of the River Wear in
15056231
Third-oldest university in England debate


cities, e.g. the University of Sunderland's note that "Sunderland has been an important centre for education since 674 AD, when Benedict Biscop built St Peter's Church and monastery", and the claim by Durham University (founded by Durham Cathedral) that "Durham University is the inheritor of a continuous line of learning and scholarship dating from Bede and Cuthbert to the present day". The four Inns of Court in London, together with the associated Inns of Chancery, formed a recognised centre of legal and intellectual education, and
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Anglo-Saxons


porticus might continue along the nave to provide for burials and other purposes. In Northumbria the early development of Christianity was influenced by the Irish mission, important churches being built in timber. Masonry churches became prominent from the late 7th century with the foundations of Wilfrid at Ripon and Hexham, and of Benedict Biscop at Monkwearmouth-Jarrow. These buildings had long naves and small rectangular chancels; porticus sometimes surrounded the naves. Elaborate crypts are a feature of Wilfrid's buildings. The best preserved early Northumbrian church is Escomb Church. From
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Alhfrith


Ireland to be validly consecrated; he did not return until around 666. In the mid-660s, Alhfrith requested to go on pilgrimage to Rome with Benedict Biscop, which Oswiu forbade. Alhfrith subsequently vanishes from the historical record. In the "Ecclesiastical History of the English People", Bede mentions that Alhfrith "attacked" his father. David Kirby suggests that Alhfrith may have participated and died in a rebellion against Oswiu, perhaps inspired by their continuing religious differences, Alhfrith's anxieties about the rise of his half-brother Ecgfrith,
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Medieval Latin


in monastic culture in Ireland and was brought to England and the European mainland by missionaries in the course of the 6th and 7th centuries, such as Columbanus (543–615), who founded the monastery of Bobbio in Northern Italy. Ireland was also the birthplace of a strange poetic style known as Hisperic Latin. Other important Insular authors include the historian Gildas (c. 500–570) and the poet Aldhelm (c. 640–709). Benedict Biscop (c. 628–690) founded the monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow and furnished it with books which he had
20221980
Anglo-Saxon glass


clear glass or simply adding a different colour in either drops or trails. With the introduction of Christianity in the early 7th century and the building of ecclesiastical structures the amount of window glass also increased. Window glass, some of which was also coloured, has been identified at more than 17 sites, of which 12 are ecclesiastical. Hundreds of window glass fragments have been found at Jarrow, Wearmouth, Brandon, Whithorn and Winchester. This evidence supports the historical records, such as Bede’s account of Benedict Biscop’s importation of
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Hwaetberht


dedicated to Hwaetberht, so Bede appears to have regarded him highly. A part of the correspondence between Hwaetberht and Saint Boniface has survived, date to circa 747, placing Hwaetberht's death after that date. It was during Hwaetberht's time that the remains of Abbots Sigfrith and Eosterwine were reburied alongside those of Benedict Biscop next to the main altar at Monkwearmouth. In the preface to the fourth book of his commentary on I Samuel (In primam partem Samuhelis), Bede associates Hwaetberht with the Latinate name Eusebius, which seems therefore
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List of saints by pope


canonized eighteen saints in twelve causes. Pope Pius X canonized four saints. Pope Benedict XV canonized three saints. Pope Pius XI canonized 34 saints in 27 causes. Pope Pius XII canonized 33 saints. None were group causes. Pope John XXIII canonized ten saints. None were group causes. Pope Paul VI canonized 84 saints in 21 causes. Pope John Paul I did not canonize any saints. Pope John Paul II canonized 482 saints in 110 causes. Pope Benedict XVI canonized 45 saints. None were group causes. Pope Francis
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Helen-Ann Hartley


a priest. Francis was educated in Sunderland at Benedict Biscop Primary School (a Church of England primary school) and St Anthony’s Secondary School (an all-girls Roman Catholic secondary school; now St Anthony's Girls' Catholic Academy) before attending university. She has attended a number of universities where she studied theology. She graduated from the University of St Andrews with an undergraduate Master of Theology (MTheol) degree in 1995, and from Princeton Theological Seminary (PTS) with a Master of Theology (MTh) degree
12110524
James Watson Corder


investigate Sunderland’s history. James Corder started his research at the end of the 19th century, by copying the registers of three ancient churches, including St Peter's, which was founded by Benedict Biscop. He also used information held by Presbyterian chapels in the town, as well as trade directories and marriage licence bonds. Corder documented his research in 25 volumes of manuscript books, taking 40 years to compile lists of the births, deaths and marriages of Sunderland families. His knowledge of intermarriage was immense, as documented in his
15487480
St Boniface Church, Bonchurch


Swinburne the poet. On the screen dividing the Rectors Stall from the nave is a memorial to Lord Admiral Earl Jellicoe of the Battle of Jutland who worshipped here. Tryptich East Windows are an early work by William Wailes and depicts various scenes of Christ's life on earth. The roundel window crowning the Triptych depicts The Angels appearing to the Shepherds announcing Christ's birth. The windows around the church feature many saints including the East Anglian saints, St Benedict Biscop, tutor to the Venerable Bede, and St Edith. Much of
16314599
Byzantine silk


Byzantine. Anglo-Saxon England had silks from at least the late 7th century, brought back from Rome by Benedict Biscop and others. They were an essential, and easily carried, purchase for well-off pilgrims to Rome or the Holy Land (where Syrian or Egyptian silk might also be bought), and were available in England from English traders who certainly had bases in Rome and Pavia, and probably also bought from Scandinavian traders using the Baltic route. A unique special arrangement had to be made whereby the English crown
18353467
Sunderland


Gothic revival church in the city. On 24 March 2004, the city adopted St. Benedict Biscop as its patron saint. Each year on the last weekend in July, the city hosts the Sunderland International Airshow. It takes place primarily along the sea front at Roker and Seaburn, Sunderland also hosts the free International Festival of Kites, Music and Dance, which attracts kite-makers from around the world to Northumbria Playing Fields, Washington. Every year the city hosts a large Remembrance Day memorial service, the largest in the UK
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Anglo-Saxon art


green or brown, but some fancy claw beakers decorated with large "claw" forms have survived, mostly broken; these forms are also found in northern continental Europe. Beads, common in early female burials, and some ecclesiastical window glass was more brightly coloured, and several monastic sites have evidence of glass production. Vessel and bead production probably continued, at a much lower level, from the Romano-British industry, but Bede records that Benedict Biscop brought glass-makers from Gaul for window glass at his monasteries. It
6128411
Ecclesiastical History of the English People


; nevertheless, the "Historia", like other historical writing from this period has a lower degree of objectivity than modern historical writings. It seems to be a mixture of fact, legend, and literature. For example, Bede quotes at length some speeches by people who were not his contemporaries and whose speeches do not appear in any other surviving source; it is doubtful whether oral traditional history supported these ostensible quotations. The monastery at Jarrow had an excellent library. Both Benedict Biscop and Ceolfrith had acquired books from the Continent
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Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey


. The two sets of conventual buildings fell into ruin. At Jarrow substantial ruins survive next to St Paul's church. The site of each house is a scheduled monument. On the Monkwearmouth site St Peter's church is a Grade I listed building. On the Jarrow site both St Peter's church and the monastery ruins are Grade I listed buildings. In 2011 the United Kingdom nominated the entire Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey site for UNESCO to grant designate as a World Heritage Site. Benedict Biscop founded St Peter's monastery at Monkwearmouth
9658493
Cult of saints in Anglo-Saxon England


, Gregory, and Pancras — to King Oswiu of Northumbria, also sending Oswiu's queen "a cross with a golden key, made from the holy fetters of the apostles St Peter and St Paul". These gifts likely reflected the Papal desire to link the burgeoning Anglo-Saxon Church with that in Rome. Many Anglo-Saxons were also eager to obtain further relics from Rome. Circa 761, Benedict Biscop, who founded monasteries at Monkwearmouth and Jarrow, visited Rome and brought "holy relics of the blessed apostles and
9702942
Dale Zarrella


Dale Zarrella is a sculptor and painter living in Maui, Hawai'i. Born in Southington, Connecticut, he began sculpting at the age of nine and received his first commission, for a crucifix for St. Dominic Catholic Church, when he was 18. He relocated to Hawaii in 1985. He is best known for his statue of Saint Damien of Molokai, created for the Damien and Marianne of Moloka'i Heritage Center in Waikiki. A second copy of the statue was later presented to Pope Benedict XVI in commemoration of Father Damien's canonization
15715741
1983 Code of Canon Law


, promulgated by Benedict XV on 27 May 1917. The current Code of Canon Law is the second comprehensive codification of the non-liturgical laws of the Latin Church, replacing the Pio-Benedictine code that had been promulgated by Benedict XV in 1917. See also Canon Law-Codification and Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. Pope John XXIII, when proclaiming a new ecumenical council for the Catholic Church, also announced the intention of revising the 1917 CIC. It was not feasible to revise the Code of Canon Law until
4537993
Ecgberht of Kent


Ecgberht (or Egbert) (died 4 July 673) was a King of Kent (sometimes called Egbert I) who ruled from 664 to 673, succeeding his father Eorcenberht. He may have still been a child when he became king following his father's death on 14 July 664, because his mother Seaxburh was recorded as having been regent. Ecgberht's court seems to have had many diplomatic and ecclesiastic contacts. He hosted Wilfrid and Benedict Biscop, and provided escorts to Archbishop Theodore and Abbot Adrian of Canterbury for their travels
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Cult of saints in Anglo-Saxon England


Christian martyrs" back to England. According to his eighth century biography written by Stephanus, Wilfrid, the founder of Hexham Abbey and Ripon Abbey, also brought many relics from Rome to England following both his 680 and 704 visits to Italy. Rollason also thought it likely that Benedict Biscop and Wilfrid would have brought relics to England from Frankish Gaul, an area that they both had close connections with and which was a prolific source for the creation of relics. Although we have no information revealing what form these relics took, Rollason
9702943
Costanzo Zani


Costanzo Zani, O.S.B. (1622–1694) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Imola (1672–1694). Costanzo Zani was born in Rome, Italy in 1622 and ordained a priest in the Order of Saint Benedict. On 12 Sep 1672, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement X as Bishop of Imola. On 18 Sep 1672, he was consecrated bishop by Cesare Facchinetti, Bishop of Spoleto. He served as Bishop of Imola until his death on 16 Jun 1694. While bishop, he was the
2656843
Antonio Forteguerra


Antonio Forteguerra, O.S.B. (1648–1714) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Pienza (1698–1714). Antonio Forteguerra was born on 13 Jun 1648 in Siena, Italy and ordained a priest in the Order of Saint Benedict. On 15 Sep 1698, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent XII as Bishop of Pienza. On 21 Sep 1698, he was consecrated bishop by Pier Matteo Petrucci, Cardinal-Priest of San Marcello al Corso, with Francesco Pannocchieschi d'Elci, Archbishop of Pisa, and Domenico Belisario
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Kateri Tekakwitha


paved the way for pending canonization. On February 18, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI decreed that Tekakwitha be canonized. Speaking in Latin, he used the form "Catharina Tekakwitha"; the official booklet of the ceremony referred to her in English and Italian, as "Kateri Tekakwitha". She was canonized on October 21, 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI. In the official canonization rite booklet, "Catherine" is used in the English and French biographies and "Kateri" in the translation of the rite itself. She is
3118885
Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of canon law


the field of legislation, the limits of its own power." Even Pope Benedict XV, in his apostolic constitution promulgating the 1917 Code of Canon Law, attributes the legislative authority of the church to it being founded by Jesus Christ with all the requirements for a "Communitas Perfecta". In the decades following the Second Vatican Council, many canonists called for a more theological, rather than philosophical, conception of canon law, acknowledging the "triple relationship between theology, philosophy, and canon law". Pope Benedict XVI,
10610595
1917 Code of Canon Law


commission to begin reducing these diverse documents into a single code, presenting the normative portion in the form of systematic short canons shorn of the preliminary considerations ("Whereas...") and omitting those parts that had been superseded by later developments. Under the aegis of Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, the Commission for the Codification of Canon Law was completed under Benedict XV who promulgated the Code, effective in 1918. The work having been begun by Pius X and promulgated by Benedict XV, it is sometimes called the "Pio-Benedictine Code
10017242
Canonization of Joan of Arc


, Bishop Daniel Mary Gorman, Bishop Paul Joseph Nussbaum, the student body of The American College of Rome, and now-Cardinal Merry del Val, who greeted Pope Benedict XV as Benedict entered St. Peter's Basilica to preside over the rites. The Latin bull of Pope Benedict XV effecting her canonization was "Divina Disponente" of the same date. Approximately 100,000 persons celebrated at Westminster Cathedral and French churches throughout London. In the 18 May 1920 "Le Matin", former President of France Raymond Poincaré wrote that Joan's
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Pope Benedict XVI


, Pope Benedict XVI canonized three saints: a Spanish nun Bonifacia Rodríguez y Castro, Italian archbishop Guido Maria Conforti and Italian priest Luigi Guanella. In December 2011, Pope Benedict formally recognized the validity of the miracles necessary to proceed with the canonizations of Kateri Tekakwitha, who would be the first Native American saint, Marianne Cope, a nun working with lepers in what is now the state of Hawaii, Giovanni Battista Piamarta, an Italian priest, Jacques Berthieu, a French Jesuit priest and African martyr, Carmen Salles y Barangueras,
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Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei


closely to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF): Pope Benedict put this into effect on 8 July 2009 by making the Prefect of the CDF, then Cardinal William Levada, the President of the Commission, with responsibility for referring the Commission's "principal cases and doctrinal questions" to the CDF's "ordinary procedures". Concrete discussion of doctrinal problems, pending clarification of which "the Society has no canonical status in the Church and its ministers cannot legitimately exercise any ministry", began on 26
11953028
Holy See–Ireland relations


Enda Kenny criticised the Vatican’s approach to the sex abuse crisis in the Dáil: “Far from listening to evidence of humiliation and betrayal with St Benedict’s ‘ear of the heart’... the Vatican’s reaction was to parse and analyse it with the gimlet eye of a canon lawyer.” The Minister was questioned several times in the Dáil about the status of Ireland's representation to the Holy See. On 17 April 2013, he replied ""The Government decision in November 2011 to close our resident embassy to the
13424679
Manaoag Church


Rome and Pope Benedict XVI canonically approved the granting of a "Special Bond of Spiritual Affinity in Perpetuity" through which the pilgrims are assured of the same blessings and entitlement to a plenary indulgence equal to that received when visiting a papal basilica in Rome. This was confirmed by the prelate (now Archbishop) of the Lingayen-Dagupan, Socrates B. Villegas, in a circular dated June 13, 2011. The Manaoag Shrine is the first to achieve this status followed by the Shrine of Our Lady of Caysasay in Taal, Batangas
16630036
Orani Church


18, 2009, the 50th Golden Anniversary of the Virgin's Canonical Coronation was celebrated with the presence of Gaudencio Cardinal Rosales [Source: Parish Priest and Parish Office of Orani, Bataan, retrieved on January 16, 2013]. On September 25, 2012, the Church of Orani was granted a perpetual spiritual affinity bond by Pope Benedict XVI with the Basilica of St. Mary Major in Rome. This status, as an affiliate church, grants those who pray in Orani the same spiritual privileges as those conveyed to the faithful who
1775234
Roman Catholic Diocese of Cavaillon


century bishop of Cavaillon. In 1202 the Cathedral had a Chapter composed of a Provost, a Precentor, and a Sacristan, to which were added the Archdeacon and 12 Canons. After the Concordat of 1801, the territory of the diocese passed to the diocese of Avignon. In January 2009 the bishopric was revived by Pope Benedict XVI as a titular see, to provide the ever-increasing number of auxiliary bishops and Vatican bureaucrats with prelatial episcopal status. Theoretically, the titular bishop of Cavaillon belongs to the ecclesiastical province of Marseille
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Carmen Salles y Barangueras


the C.C.S. on 6 December 2011. Pope Benedict XVI approved this miracle on 19 December 2011 and confirmed the date for the canonization celebration at a consistory on 18 February 2012 in which the pope also elevated new cardinals. Benedict XVI canonized Sallés in Saint Peter's Square on 21 October 2012. The current postulator for the cause is Sr. Maria Asunción Valls Salip. The miracle for canonization was the cure of the Brazilian girl Maria Isabel Gomes de Melo Gardelli (b. 1996/7) in Sao Pãulo in 1999. Gardelli suffered from a
6530045
Froia (bishop of Vic)


Froia (or Fruia, or ; died 992×93) was a canon of the cathedral of Vic from 957 and bishop from 972. His predecessor, Atto, tried to have Vic raised to archiepiscopal status, but was assassinated by his opponents. Elected to replace him, Froia was consecrated by Ermengol, archbishop of Narbonne, who had opposed Atto because Vic was a suffragan diocese of Narbonne. On 25 February 978, Pope Benedict VII confirmed the possessions and borders of the see of Vic in a pair of bulls sent to Froia
12068703
Flavigny-sur-Ozerain


-sur-Ozerain. Flavigny-sur-Ozerain has an abbey dedicated to Saint Joseph de Clairval. The Benedictine monks there live according to the rule of St. Benedict. The abbey is in full communion with the Vatican. The monks present retreats for lay Catholics and also offer workshops on desk top publishing, the manufacturing of icons and more. Flavigny also has a seminary of the Society of St. Pius X, a traditionalist organisation, the Séminaire International Saint Curé d'Ars. The society has no canonical status within the Roman Catholic
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Philip Benizi de Damiani


man later decide to join the Servite order. Saint Peregrine was canonized by Pope Benedict XIII in 1726. Philip died on August 22, 1285, during the Octave of the Assumption at Todi, where he is buried. In the cloister of Santa Maria of the Servites in Vicenza, took place his miracles in 1319. The Church of the Servites of Mary in Todi, Umbria, contains the body of St Philip Benizi, whose statue is the work of Bernini. St Philip's feast day is celebrated on August 23.
1409426
Cathedral Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi (Santa Fe)


Italian artist Bernini for St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. The Cathedral of Saint Francis of Assisi was officially elevated to a basilica by Pope Benedict XVI on October 4, 2005, when it was named the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi. This statue of St. Francis, the patron saint of the diocese, was installed at the Cathedral during the 1967 renovations. Kateri Tekakwitha (1656–1680) is the first North American Indian to be beatified, and was canonized in October 2012. She was an Algonquian-Mohawk woman
16417418
War of Anti-Christ with the Church and Christian Civilization


and argues an abstinent Ireland would be free from the influence of secret societies. The work was granted nihil obstat status on 3 May 1885 by W. Fortune of the Censor Theologus Deputatus and a licence to be printed, an Imprimatur, the following day by Gulielmus J. Canon Walsh, Vic. Cap. Dublin. In a letter dated 5 September 1885 and printed in the preface to the book, Leo XIII expresses his belief in the importance of the work and grants an Apostolic Benediction to its author. The letter is followed by
18077010
Robert of Molesme


finance their operating expenses and gave them much land and cattle. The bishop of Challons elevated the new monastery to the canonical status of an abbey. In 1099, the monks of Molesme asked Robert to return and agreed to submit entirely to his interpretation of the Rule of St. Benedict; the local bishop also pressured Robert to return. He agreed and Molesme became a major center for the Benedictines under his tutelage. Albéric was made successor abbot at Cîteaux, with Stephen Harding as prior. Robert died on 17 April 1111. Pope
18500673
Dialogue between the Holy See and the Society of Saint Pius X


and until they are clarified the Society has no canonical status in the Church and its ministers cannot legitimately exercise any ministry." In 2009, Pope Benedict XVI gave the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, then headed by Cardinal William Levada the task of continuing the dialogue with the Society of St Pius X on theological issues in the hope of attaining reconciliation. The team responsible for the dialogue with the Society of St. Pius X on behalf of the Catholic Church included Charles Morerod, former "Rector Magnificus" and theology
20070995
Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary


houses, St. Benedict Abbey and St. Scholastica's Priory; a diocesan women's religious community; and a Public Association of the Faithful in the Diocese of Worcester, Massachusetts. A fifth group split from the Stillwater Center and founded a separate self-identified Catholic community in New Hampshire. The latter has no canonical status. In 1940, Catherine Clarke and several associates founded the St. Bernard Center in Harvard Square, as a student center for students attending college in the Boston area. Leonard Feeney, S.J., became chaplain at the
5045915
Benedict II, Archbishop of Esztergom


of Zagreb in 1248, Benedict, as the metropolitan archbishop, confirmed the election, despite that one of the canons Albert challenged the legitimacy of the process. Thereafter Albert petitioned to the Holy See, but Pope Innocent confirmed Benedict's decision on 26 October 1248. Like his predecessors, Benedict also had to deal with the question of Bogomilism. In the summer of 1246, Benedict requested the Holy See to allow a crusade to be launched against the Bosnian Church. In response, Pope Innocent appointed him as a papal legate to
13021025
Pope


(Pope Benedict XVI), except in bulls of canonization and decrees of ecumenical councils, which a pope signs with the formula, "Ego N. Episcopus Ecclesiae catholicae", without the numeral, as in "Ego Benedictus Episcopus Ecclesiae catholicae" (I, Benedict, Bishop of the Catholic Church). The pope's signature is followed, in bulls of canonization, by those of all the cardinals resident in Rome, and in decrees of ecumenical councils, by the signatures of the other bishops participating in the council, each
3473052
Pope Benedict XVI


several months after his election at the unveiling of a new statue of Saint Michael the Archangel. The inscription on the statue, according to Cardinal Giovanni Lajolo, has the coat of arms of the two popes to symbolize the fact that statue was commissioned by Benedict XVI, and consecrated by Francis. Benedict XVI made his first public appearance after his resignation at St. Peter's Basilica on 22 February 2014 to attend the first papal consistory of his successor Pope Francis. Benedict XVI, who entered the basilica through a discreet entrance, was
18374631
Antipope Benedict XIII


the Avignon anti-popes. Benedict was abandoned by 17 of his cardinals, with only five remaining faithful to him. Benedict's rationale for continuing the rivalry lay in the fact that he was the last living cardinal created by Gregory XI, the last undoubted Supreme Pontiff. As the only unquestioned cardinal, Benedict argued, he was, by right and by canon law, the only qualified candidate left who could validly claim the papacy. Following the Council of Constance Benedict's logic was not widely accepted. An army led by
20331530
Fouad Twal


doctorate in canon law, which he was awarded in 1975. He was appointed the prelate of the territorial prelature of Tunis by Pope John Paul II on 30 May 1992. He was consecrated to the episcopate on 22 July later that year by principal consecrator Patriarch Michel Sabbah. On 31 May 1995, Pope John Paul II gave the Tunis territorial prelature diocesan status, creating the Diocese of Tunis, and appointed as Twal was made an archbishop "ad personam". In 2005, Pope Benedict XVI named him the coadjutor archbishop-
15138098
Our Lady of Aparecida


the Blessed Virgin Mary, the statue of Our Lady of Aparecida was granted a renewed canonical coronation by the Holy See. The renewed coronation was presided by the Archbishop emeritus of Rio de Janeiro, Cardinal Eugênio Sales, in the capacity of special papal envoy of Pope John Paul II. On May 12, 2007 Pope Benedict XVI granted the Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady Aparecida a Golden Rose. The "Old Basilica" also possesses a Golden Rose, awarded by Pope Paul VI on August 12, 1967 and presented
19003416
Andrea Mugione


appointed Mugione the Metropolitan Archbishop of Benevento, where he was enthroned on 24 June in a ceremony at the Basilica of Our Lady of Grace in Benevento, due to the archdiocese's cathedral being under restoration). On the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul, on 29 June 2006, he received his pallium from Pope Benedict in St. Peter's Basilica. On 18 February 2016, upon reaching the canonical age limit, Mugione submitted his resignation from pastoral governance of the Archdiocese of Benevento to the Holy See. Taking up emeritus status
21391049
Father Damien (Escobar)


canonized by Pope Benedict XVI on October 11, 2009. Cast in bronze, the statue depicts Father Damien in his later years after being diagnosed with the disease of those he attended. Much attention was given to the recreation of the disfiguring scars on the priest's face and his arm hanging from a sling. Sixty-six artists bid for the commissioned project. Only seven were selected to create models to be reviewed by the Hawaii State Statuary Hall Commission. Marisol Escobar, a New York City sculptor, won the bid.
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