Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı [SEP] architect
[{"answer": "Mimar Sinan"}]
Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı


The Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı (literally: Bath-house of Haseki Hürrem Sultan, aka Ayasofya Haseki Hamamı), is a sixteenth-century Turkish bath ("hamam") in Istanbul. It was commissioned by Hürrem Sultan, consort and legal wife of Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. It was built by Mimar Sinan on the site of historical Baths of Zeuxippus for the religious community of the nearby Hagia Sophia. The public bath-house was constructed as a charity building by architect Mimar Sinan in 1556. The long structure
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Hurrem Sultan


) in Istanbul (Haseki Sultan Complex). It was the first complex constructed in Istanbul by Mimar Sinan in his new position as the chief imperial architect. The fact that it was the third largest building in the capital, after the complexes of Mehmed II (Fatih) and Süleyman (Süleymaniye mosque), testifies to Hurrem's great status. She also built mosque complexes in Adrianopole and Ankara. She commissioned a bath, the Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı, to serve the community of worshippers in the nearby Hagia Sophia. In
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Haseki Sultan Complex


The Haseki Sultan Complex (also Hürrem Sultan Complex) () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque complex in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey. It was the first royal project designed by the chief imperial architect Mimar Sinan. The mosque complex was commissioned by Haseki Hürrem Sultan, the wife of the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. She had married the sultan around 1534 and probably used her dowry to finance the project. The buildings were designed by the architect Mimar Sinan. It was his first imperial project and it is
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Turkish bath


" or "Ayasofya Haseki Hamamı" was commissioned by Suleiman I's consort, Hürrem Sultan, and constructed by Mimar Sinan during the 16th century. It was built on the site of the historical Baths of Zeuxippus for the religious community of the nearby Hagia Sophia. Süleymaniye Hamam is situated on a hill facing the Golden Horn. It was built in 1557 by Mimar Sinan; it was named after Süleyman the Magnificent. It is part of the complex of the Suleymaniye Mosque. "Çemberlitaş Hamamı" on Divanyolu Street in the Çemberlitaş
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Baths of Zeuxippus


before being converted to other uses: part of the building became the prison known as "Noumera", while another part appears to have been used as a silk workshop. Almost 1,000 years later, in 1556, the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan built the Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı on the same grounds. Later still, in 1927-1928, excavations were made at the site, and many historical relics were recovered, such as earthenware and glazed pottery, giving unique insights into the architectural designs and social interests of the people and
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Turkish bath


the Ancient part of the city. Egypt was part of the Ottoman Empire, and the hamams of Cairo and other major cities like Alexandria are evidence of the unique Ottoman legacy. There used to be as many as 300 hamams in Cairo. , only seven remain. Two of them, located in the El Hussien and Khan el-Khalili districts are closed. There are many historical hammams in Istanbul. "Ağa hamamı", built in 1454, is on Turnacıbaşı Street near Taksim Square. The "Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı
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Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı


women's changing room has three windows. The entrances of both sections are apart. The entrance to the men's section is in the north and the women's in the west. Unlike in the architecture of other Turkish baths, there is a stoa with a dome in the center of the men's section's front side. The roofs of the dome and the stoa are decorated with bricks, and covered by lead sheet material. A red and a white palmette with a golden epigraph on green ground ornament the pointed arch
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Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı


of the monumental entrance door. Each section consists of three basic, interconnected rooms, namely the changing room ("soyunmalık"), the intermediate cool room ("soğukluk", frigidarium) and the hot room ("sıcaklık", caldarium). The hot rooms of the two sections are adjacent while the changing rooms are situated at the both end of the axis. The rooms are arranged in the order of the changing room, cool room and hot room of the men's section, followed by the hot room
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Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı


is designed in the style of classical Ottoman baths having two symmetrical separate sections for males and females. Both sections, situated in north-south direction, are on the same axis that was a novelty in the Turkish bath architecture. The men's section is in the north while the women's part is in the south. The exterior walls are built in courses of one cut stone and two bricks. The changing room of the men's section has four pointed-arch stained-glass windows above in the facade and the
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Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı


, cool room and the changing room of the women's section. The men's changing room has a rectangular shape and is covered with a dome, which is surrounded by frieze of zigzag-formed leaves in ablaq decorative technique. The room has pointed-arch niches in each of its four sides. On one side of the cool room, roofed with three domes, toilets are situated, and on the other side a shaving room. A door leads in the cross-shaped hot room, which has four loggias with
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Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı


fountains in the corners, and four self-contained cubicles for retreat ("halvet") under a small dome. In the center of the hot room, a large octagonal marble-stone table called "göbek taşı" (literally: tummy stone) is situated, which the bathers lie on. It is known that this part was formerly decorated with mosaics. The large dome of the hot room, which sits on the octagonal-shaped walls, has small glass windows to create a half-light from top.
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Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı


The women's section has the same architectural plan as the men's side, however, its changing room is slightly smaller. The building stood closed a long time, was used as a warehouse sometime and underwent a restoration in 1957–1958. In 2007, Istanbul city authorities decided to return the hamam to its original use after a 105-year hiatus and launched a tender for its restoration, won by a tourism development group. After a three-year-long restoration project that began in 2008 and cost US$11 million, the bath
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Haseki sultan


making them the equals of the empress consorts in Europe. When the position of valide sultan was vacant, a haseki could take valide's role, have access to considerable economic resources, become chief of imperial harem, sultan's advisor in politic matters, and even have an influence upon foreign policy and on international politics. These cases happened during Hürrem Sultan and Kösem Sultan's eras. Hürrem, the first imperial consort who became haseki sultan, was given several special rights during her tenure, especially after the death of Suleiman's
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Haseki sultan


Haseki Sultan (, "Ḫāṣekī Sulṭān;" ) was the imperial title used for the chief consort of an Ottoman Sultan. Haseki sultan meant "chief consort" or "single favorite" of the sultan. In later years, the meaning of the title changed to "imperial consort". Hürrem Sultan, principal consort and legal wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, was the first holder of this title. The title haseki sultan was only used until the 17th century. After that, "Kadınefendi" became the highest ranking title
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Haseki Sultan Imaret


Haseki Sultan Imaret was an Ottoman public soup kitchen established in Jerusalem to feed the poor during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. The imaret was part of a massive Waqf complex built in 1552 by Haseki Hürrem Sultan, the favorite wife of Sultan Suleiman I. This soup kitchen was said to have fed at least 500 people twice a day. The Haseki Sultan waqf complex was constructed at the height of the Ottoman era. In addition to the soup kitchen, the complex consisted of a mosque, a 55-room pilgrim hospice, and an
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Haseki sultan


shift from a “chief consort” and “single favorite” to something more general like “imperial consort,” similar to the earlier "hatun". The title haseki sultan was only used for around a century until the 17th century. After that, "kadin" became highest rank for the imperial consorts again, used with title "efendi". The Last Woman in Ottoman history who used the title of "Haseki Sultan" was Rabia Sultan The title was first used in the 16th century for Hürrem Sultan, also
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Haseki sultan


to govern a faraway province. Hürrem became Suleiman's partner not only in household, but also in state affairs. Thanks to her intelligence, she acted as Suleiman's chief adviser, and she seems to have had an influence upon foreign policy and international politics. Hürrem's great power signaled the rise of the chief imperial consort under the title of haseki. A mother's political role traditionally began with the creation of a separate household for her son. The establishment of her public politic identity entailed her separation from the sultan and
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Haseki Sultan Imaret


inn ("khan") for travellers. With the consent of her husband, Haseki Hürrem Sultan used the revenues from various assets to build and maintain it. These assets included land in Palestine and Tripoli, as well as shops, public bath houses, soap factories, and flourmills. When villages were endowed, the percentage of their revenues formerly paid in taxes was redirected to the waqf. The villages whose revenues paid for Haseki Sultan Imaret were Bait Dajan, Yazur, Kafr Ana, Ludd, Anaba, and Jib,
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List of consorts of the Ottoman sultans


" also turned into "Valide Sultan". In this time, the title "Haseki Sultan" was created and used for the legal wife or Chief Consort of the Ottoman Sultan. For example, Hafsa Sultan, Suleiman’s mother and first Valide Sultan, and Hürrem Sultan, Suleiman’s legal wife and first Haseki Sultan. This usage underlines the Ottoman conception of sovereign power as family prerogative. Towards the end of the seventeenth century the title hatun and sultan for imperial consorts was replaced by Kadın and Ikbal. Kadın (Ottoman
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Haseki sultan


-one son policy, since his eldest surviving son, Mahmud, and the future sultans Ahmed and Mustafa each had different mothers. The absence of a haseki and reinstution of polyconcubinage was probably influenced by two reason: Mehmed's experiences as şehzade and strong personality of his mother Safiye. Haseki was used again during the reign of Mehmed's son Ahmed. The career of Ahmed was very much like that of Suleiman. He chose his second consort, Kösem, as his haseki. Kösem's career was similar to that of Hürrem
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Haseki sultan


known as Roxelana, when she was given favor by Suleiman the Magnificent. She was his chief consort and the mother of Selim II. Hürrem Sultan was married to Sultan Suleiman, becoming both his legal wife and one of the most powerful women in the Ottoman Empire. The title was next held by Nurbanu Sultan, favourite wife of Selim II, and the mother of the next Sultan Murad III. In 1575, just after Murad's accession, Safiye Sultan became the haseki and was given a higher rank than the sultan's
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Haseki sultan


mother, Hafsa Sultan, the first valide sultan, in 1534. Hürrem was allowed to give birth to more than one son, which was a stark violation of the old imperial harem principle of “one concubine mother — one son” that was designed to prevent both the mother's influence over the sultan and the feuds of the blood brothers for the throne. In 1533 or 1534 (the exact date is unknown), Suleiman married Hürrem in a magnificent formal ceremony, making him the first Ottoman Sultan to wed since
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Haseki sultan


his household. As noted above, this kind of functional division appears to have occurred with Nurbanu and Safiye, in spite of the fact that they never left the sultan's household like their predecessor Hürrem, the shift in their roles, that is, their assumption of candidly political role as haseki may well have coincided with their sons’ assumption of their political posts. Even though it became a great position, haseki was not used during reign of Mehmed III, son of Murad III. He may have followed the one mother
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Mimar Sinan


of Aleppo between two army campaigns. It was built hastily and this is evident in the coarseness of execution and the crude decoration. His first major commission as the royal architect was the construction of a modest Haseki Hürrem complex for Roxelana (Hürem Sultan), the wife of the sultan, Süleyman the Magnificent. He had to follow the plans drawn by his predecessors. Sinan retained the traditional arrangement of the available space without any innovations. Nevertheless, it was already better built than the Aleppo mosque and it shows a certain elegance
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Mahidevran


reign, Mahidevran encountered a new rival, Hürrem, who soon became Suleiman's favourite and later his Haseki and legal wife. Hürrem gave birth to her first son Mehmed in 1521 and then Selim (future Sultan Selim II) in 1524, destroying Mahidevran's status of being the mother of the Sultan's only son. The rivalry between the two women was partially suppressed by Hafsa, Suleiman's mother. Also born during this period was Sehzade Abdullah, son of Hürrem who died young, and is occasionally misunderstood to be the
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Sultanate of Women


to the provinces they were assigned to lead instead of remaining in Istanbul. The first Haseki Sultan was the wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, Roxolana, who later became known as Hürrem Sultan after her conversion to Islam. Roxolana was mistakenly assumed to be of Russian descent, likely due to a mistranslation of her name. European visitors thus treated her as Russian; however, her ancestry was Ukrainian. The name by which the Turks referred to her, Hürrem, meant "Laughing One," or "Joyful," a testament
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Haseki sultan


in an important respect. Like Hürrem, Kösem is blamed for acting to preserve her own power rather than that of the sultan or of the dynasty. It is certainly worth nothing that the two women of the dynasty to suffer the harshest judgment by history had two things in common: the absence of a valide sultan during most of their career as haseki and an unusually large number of sons. What appears to have earned them their unsavory reputation was their power to influence the fate of the empire by favoring one of their sons
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Rüstem Pasha


grand vizier in history. Rustem Pasha was taken as a child to Constantinople, where he built a military and bureaucracy career. He was very well educated. On 26 November 1539, he married Mihrimah Sultan, the daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent and his powerful wife Haseki Hürrem Sultan. His brother Sinan Pasha was an Ottoman grand admiral. Rüstem owes his career to the support of Hürrem Sultan, he was extremely ambitious. Rustem Pasha was a man of very humble origins. He came as a child to Constantinople where he studied
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Arslan Hane, Istanbul


Sophia neighborhood damaged the building, as well as the nearby Haseki Hürrem Sultan Bath. In 1802 the upper floor caught fire, and in 1804 the building was demolished. There were numerous fires in the following years in the new edifices built on the site, until in 1846-48 the Swiss Italian architect Gaspare Fossati built the main seat of the new Istanbul University on the same site. About the first chapel it is only known that two marble columns used for its construction were brought from Thessaloniki. A representation of the city
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Sultanate of Women


The Sultanate of Women (Turkish: "Kadınların Saltanatı") was a period of extraordinary political influence exerted by wives and mothers of the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire. This phenomenon in the early modern period, approximately between the years 1533 and 1656, began during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent with his marriage to Roxelana (later known as Hürrem Sultan). These sultanas were either the wives of the Sultan, referred to as Haseki Sultans, or the mothers of the Sultan, known as Valide Sultans. Many of these
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Haseki sultan


address, the sultan's children were also entitled "sultan", with imperial princes (şehzade) carrying the title before their given name, and imperial princesses carrying it after. Example, Son of Sultan Süleiman Şehzade Sultan Mehmed and daughter of Sultan Süleiman Mihrimah Sultan. Like imperial princesses, the living mothers and main consorts of the reigning sultan carried the title "sultan" after their given names, for example, Ayşe Hafsa Sultan, Suleiman's mother and first valide sultan, and Hürrem Sultan, Suleiman's chief consort and
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Valide sultan


after their given names, for example, Hafsa Sultan, Suleiman’s mother and first valide sultan, and Hürrem Sultan, Suleiman’s chief consort and first haseki sultan. The evolving usage of this title reflected power shifts among imperial women, especially between Sultanate of Women, as the position of main consort eroded over the course of 17th century, the main consort lost the title "sultan", which replaced by "kadin", a title related to the earlier "khatun". Henceforth, the mother of the reigning sultan
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Sultan


daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent. Like imperial princesses, living mother and main consort of reigning sultan also carried the title after their given names, for example, Ayşe Hafsa Sultan, Suleiman's mother and first valide sultan, and Hürrem Sultan, Suleiman's chief consort and first haseki sultan. The evolving usage of this title reflected power shifts among imperial women, especially between Sultanate of Women, as the position of main consort eroded over the course of 17th century, the main consort lost the title "sultan", which replaced
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Ottoman Imperial Harem


and ranks by which the prominent consorts of the sultans had been known (hatun and kadin). When the position of valide sultan was vacant, a haseki could take valide's role, have access to considerable economic resources, become chief of imperial harem, sultan's advisor in politic matters, and even have an influence upon foreign policy and on international politics. This cases happened during Hürrem Sultan and Kösem Sultan's periods. At Topkapı Palace, at the court of the Ottoman sultans, the harem staff included eunuchs. These
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Harem


as a royal wife. Some women of Ottoman harem, especially wives, mothers and sisters of sultans, played very important political roles in Ottoman history, and in times it was said that the empire was ruled from harem. This period of Ottoman history is known as the Sultanate of Women. Hürrem Sultan (wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, mother of Selim II), was one of the most powerful women in Ottoman history, and wielded vast political power. The title of Haseki Sultan, was created for her and was
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Sultana (title)


kingdoms, like Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Since 16th century, Ottoman used the title "sultan" for imperial princesses after their given names (e.g. Mihrimah Sultan and Hatice Sultan). They were all non-ruling royalty; in the western sense, princesses, not queens or empresses. The monarch's mother, who had more power, had the title Valide Sultan (e.g. Hafsa Sultan). She was referred to by this title alone, without her given name. Principal consort had the title Haseki Sultan (e.g. Hürrem Sultan
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Haseki sultan


Orhan Ghazi (reign 1326–1362), and violating a 200-year-old custom of the Ottoman imperial house according to which sultans were not to marry their concubines. Later, Hürrem became the first prince's mother to remain in the Sultan's court for the duration of her life. In the Ottoman imperial family tradition, a sultan's consort was to remain in the harem only until her son came of age (around 16 or 17), after which he would be sent away from the capital, accompanied by his mother,
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Rohatyn


subsequently developed into an important trading and manufacturing town. In 1520, the region was attacked by Crimean Tatars, Hürrem Sultan, a native of Rohatyn, was captured there and sold to the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent of which she became his concubine, then his legal wife and haseki sultan. In the 16th century a renowned school of icon painting arose in Rohatyn, and in the 1580s an Orthodox brotherhood was founded obtaining the stauropegion (a monastery exempt from the control of the local bishop) status. After the First Partition
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Hurrem Sultan


on several occasions. Hürrem died on 15 April 1558 and was buried in a domed mausoleum ("türbe") decorated in exquisite Iznik tiles depicting the garden of paradise, perhaps in homage to her smiling and joyful nature. Her mausoleum is adjacent to Süleyman's, a separate and more sombre domed structure, at the courtyard of the Süleymaniye Mosque. Hurrem Haseki Sultan, or Roxelana, is well-known both in modern Turkey and in the West, and is the subject of many artistic works. In 1561, three
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Islamic Museum, Jerusalem


Mohammad School, a madrasa built by al-Mansur Qalawun in 1282 CE, during the Mamluk era. The museum was established by the Supreme Muslim Council in 1923. Shadia Yousef Touqan was the head planner of the site. Khader Salameh is the head curator of the museum. The Islamic Museum displays large copper soup kettles used in the Haseki Sultan Imaret, a soup kitchen, built through a donation by Hürrem Sultan, the wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, dating back to the 16th century, as well as stained glass windows
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Selim II


successor Murad III and three of his daughters. As a Haseki Sultan she received 1,000 aspers a day, while lower-ranking concubines who were the mothers of princes received 40 aspers a day. Selim bestowed upon Nurbanu 110,000 ducats as a dowry, surpassing the 100,000 ducats that his father bestowed upon Hürrem Sultan. According to a privy purse register cited by Leslie Pierce, Selim had four other women, and each of them was mother of a prince. Augusta Hamilton records that he had two thousand concubines. Selim had eight sons
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Mimar Sinan


his works: Sinan died in AH 996 (1587-88 CE) and is buried in a tomb in Istanbul, a "türbe" of his own design, just to the north of the Süleymaniye Mosque, across a street named Mimar Sinan Caddesi in his honour. He was buried near the tombs of his greatest patrons: Sultan Süleyman I and Sultana Haseki Hürrem, Suleiman's wife. Above the iron-grilled prayer window of his tomb is an epitaph written in Ottoman Turkish by the poet Mustafa Sai. It gives
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Circassian beauties


the women of Circassia. In consequence, most wives of several Ottoman Sultans were ethnic Circassians converted to Islam, e.g. Valide Sultans (Empress mothers), including Perestü Valide Sultan, Pertevniyal Valide Sultan, Şevkefza Valide Sultan, Tirimüjgan Valide Sultan, Nükhetseza Başhanımefendi, other important Hatuns (Ladies) and Sultans like Şemsiruhsar Hatun and Saçbağlı Sultan, Haseki sultans (chief consorts) such as Mahidevran Haseki Sultan, Hümaşah Haseki Sultan, Hatice Muazzez Haseki Sultan, and Ayşe Haseki Sultan besides numerous Başkadınefendis (most senior consorts), including Bedrifelek
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Haseki sultan


Osman II has one haseki, Ayşe Sultan. Privy Purse registers record the presence of Ayşe as Murad IV's only haseki, until the very end of Murad's seventeen-year reign, when a second haseki appears. But still the hasekis continued to rank higher than princesses. Ibrahim had eight hasekis; Turhan, Aşub, Muazzez, Ayşe, Mahienver, Șivekar, Saçbaği and Hümaşah Sultan. Ibrahim's son and successor is known to have one haseki, Gülnuş Sultan. Suleiman II didn't have a haseki. His brother
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Ağa hamamı


Ağa Hamamı is a historical Turkish bath () located on Turnacıbaşı street in the Taksim Square neighborhood of Istanbul, Turkey. It was constructed by İbrahim Ağa in 1454. The Ağa Hamamı was constructed for Fatih Sultan Mehmet as a private hamam for him and his sons. At that time, Beyoğlu District was not settled and the Padishahs would come there for hunting. The sultan constructed this building as a hunting house in 1454. Ağa Hamamı was designed as a hamam below the two flats above. It underwent a large-scale
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Haseki sultan


the decline of the haseki and the re-emergence of the valide in the first decades of the seventeenth century has much to do with Kösem Sultan's personality and the fact that in 1617 she had ceased being a haseki, and if she were to regain power, she could obtain it only from the position of Valide Sultan. After Ahmed I's death in 1617, the position of Haseki Sultan lost its special status. Osman II had a consort with haseki rank, but all that can be determined about her is that
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Haseki sultan


own sisters, Ismihan Sultan, Gevherhan Sultan and Şah Sultan, and his aunt Mihrimah Sultan. Leslie P. Peirce points out that during Mehmed III's reign, the title haseki did not came in use. However, according to the contemporary historian Mustafa Selaniki, Mehmed had a haseki, who was mother of a son, and died of plague in July 1598, early in his reign. Mehmed's son Ahmed I gave the title haseki to Kösem Sultan, his favourite wife and the mother of Sultans Murad IV and Ibrahim.
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Haseki sultan


Hatice, Saliha Dilaşub, and Hatice Muazzez– each had one son. The presence of more than one haseki was a significant change in the reign of Murad and Ibrahim, signaling that the age of the haseki was coming to an end. With Kösem's strong personality and influence as valide sultan, the title haseki sultan which was held by eight women simultaneously, and all şehzades lost their provincial post during Ibrahim's era and it made title haseki lose its special status. In this period the meaning of the title began to
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Haseki sultan


after given name. According to a genealogical website, the formal way of addressing a "haseki" is "Devletlû İsmetlu" (given name) "Haseki Sultân Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri". The title “sultan” was often translated to "sultana", which does not exist in ottoman royalty, possibly to distinguished female members of the dynasty from the male sultan. During early period of the usage of haseki, this title was held by the chief consort of the sultan with special status, and surpassed other titles and
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Haseki sultan


first haseki sultan. The evolving usage of this title reflected power shifts among imperial women, especially during the Sultanate of Women. As the position of the chief consort eroded over the course of the 17th century, the main consort lost the title "sultan", which was replaced by "kadin", a title related to the earlier "hatun". Henceforth, the mother of the reigning sultan was the only person of non-imperial blood to carry the title "sultan". Title "haseki" carried before or
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Ottoman court


had chosen upon her accession, had a finger in every aspect of harem life. Haseki Sultan: This was the title reserved for the chief consort and lawfully wedded wife of the Ottoman Sultan. A Haseki Sultan had an important place in the palace, being the most powerful woman and enjoyed the greatest status in the imperial harem after valide sultan and usually had chambers close to the sultan's chamber. The haseki had no blood relation with the reigning sultan but ranked higher than the sultan's own sisters and aunts, the princesses
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Haseki sultan


ranks by which the prominent consorts of the sultans had been known ("hatun" and "kadin"). A haseki sultan had an important place in the palace, being the second most powerful woman and enjoyed the greatest status in the imperial harem after valide sultan and usually had chambers close to the sultan's chamber. Haseki Sultan's position, used for a century, reflected the great power of imperial consorts, who were former slaves, in the Ottoman court, elevating their status higher than the Ottoman princesses, and
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Hurrem Sultan


Haseki Sultan" (favorite of the Sultan) when her husband, Süleyman I, reigned as the Ottoman sultan. She achieved power and influenced the politics of the Ottoman Empire through her husband and played an active role in the state affairs of the Empire. Hurrem's birth name is unknown. Leslie P. Peirce has written that it may have been either "Anastasia", or "Aleksandra Lisowska". Among the Ottomans, she was known mainly as Haseki Hurrem Sultan or Hurrem Haseki Sultan. "Hurrem" or "Khorram
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Şehzade Abdullah


Şehzade Abdullah (1522–1525) was an Ottoman prince (şehzade), as the son of Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. He is generally understood to be the son of Hürrem Sultan, as Suleiman and Hürrem were in a monogamous relationship by the time of his birth. He was born in 1522 in Topkapi Palace, the Ottoman Empire, and died at the age of three due to a disease in 1525 in Istanbul. As his mother was Hürrem Sultan, he would likely have been Mihrimah Sultan's twin given that their births
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Hadji Ali Haseki


, to see the Valide Sultan Mihrişah, whom Petrakis had once cured of mastitis. Petrakis arranged the subordination of his monastery to the Valide Sultan's charitable "vakıf", so that he would be free from Haseki's impositions, and begged the Valide Sultan to intervene in favour of Athens, whose terrible condition under Haseki's rule he described to her. She referred him to Çelebi Efendi, head of the military treasury. When Haseki learned of Petrakis' presence in Constantinople, he invited him to his residence, and put
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List of Muhteşem Yüzyıl episodes


is healthy and Hürrem gets captured on her journey and imprisoned in a secret place. Hatice Sultan who had reconciled with his brother commits suicide fearing from the Sultan's decision as he had realized that she was responsible for Hürrem's disappearance. She died thinking that she took vengeance on her husband's death by taking Hürrem from Süleyman. Malkoçoğlu Balı Bey finds a lead on Ali Ağa (who was Hatice's servant and is responsible for abducting Hürrem) and he goes to follow this clue in order to find Hürrem. Mihrimah also
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Ayşe Sultan (wife of Osman II)


Ayşe Sultan (; died 1640) was the consort of Sultan Osman II of the Ottoman Empire. Her name appears in privy purse registers from 1619 on, but nothing is known about her except her name. According to Peirce, Ayşe was Osman's haseki sultan. But according to Piterberg, Osman II did not have a haseki and Ayşe was just "a politically insignificant consort." Even though her status was debatable, it is clear that Ayşe could not become a prominent female figure like other haseki sultans. Also, a
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Rüstem Pasha Mosque


The Rüstem Pasha Mosque () is an Ottoman mosque located in the Hasırcılar Çarşısı (Strawmat Weavers Market) in the Tahtakale neighborhood of the Fatih district, Istanbul, Turkey. It was designed by the Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan and completed in around 1563. The Rüstem Pasha Islamic cultural center was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the grand vizier Rüstem Pasha (the husband of one of the daughters of Suleiman the Magnificent by Hürrem Sultan (Roxelana), Mihrimah Sultan). Rüstem Pasha died at age 61 in July
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Ayşe Sultan (wife of Murad IV)


Ayşe Sultan (; died 1680) was the consort of Sultan Murad IV of the Ottoman Empire. Ayşe’s real name and origin are unknown, she most likely appeared at the harem by the end of 1628 and soon became the sultan’s only favorite. Privy Purse registers the presence of Ayşe as Murad's only Haseki until the very end of Murad's seventeen-year reign, when a second Haseki appears. It is possible that Ayşe was Murad's only Haseki until the advent of the second. In 1633 Murad raised Ayşe
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Haseki sultan


The establishment of her public politic identity entailed her separation from the sultan and his household. But when under agnatic seniority, şehzades lost access to public adulthood, their mothers lost their public roles as well. It went against the protocol of the dynastic politics to publicly honor the mother of the son who had yet to achieve public identity. The position of haseki as a true favorite of the sultan was thus incompatible with the practice of agnatic seniority. Kösem Sultan was the last of the influential Ottoman hasekis. The other explanation for
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Haseki sultan


for imperial consorts. The word "haseki" (خاصکي-خاصگی) comes from the Arabic word Khassa خاصه which is suffixed with the Persian "gi" گی and means "to attribute something exclusively to". "Haseki" is, therefore, one who belongs exclusively to the sultan. Sultan (سلطان) is an Arabic word, that indicates "authority" or "dominion". starting from the 16th century, this title, was carried by both men and women of the Ottoman dynasty. Thus, replacing other
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Muhteşem Yüzyıl


empire, meeting foreign diplomats, and preparing for military campaigns, all set against the backdrop of the tension between Christian Europe and the Ottoman Empire. The series also focuses on the relationships among the members of the imperial household, especially romantic entanglements and rivalries. The animosity between Hürrem Sultan and Mahidevran Sultan, mother of the Sultan's eldest son, and the role of Hafsa Sultan, the valide sultan; Hürrem's rise as Süleyman's favorite while pregnant with his son, her falling from favor several times and her eventual return
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Türbe


he has another türbe. There are many famous "türbes" across Istanbul of the various sultans of the Ottoman Empire, as well as of other notables from Turkish history. The Süleymaniye Mosque complex has some of the most famous, including that of Suleiman himself (1550s), perhaps the most splendid Ottoman "türbe", and that of his wife Hürrem Sultan, which has extremely fine tilework. Close by to the complex is the "türbe" of its famous architect Mimar Sinan, in what was his garden. Konya
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Hadji Ali Haseki


, and had entered the palace service ("Enderûn") as a youth. He eventually became a personal bodyguard ("haseki") to the Sultan Abdülhamid I (), as well as of his sister Esma Sultan. Skouzes reports rumours that Haseki and Esma were lovers, and that she greatly favoured him and promoted his interests because of this. According to Benizelos, prior to coming to Athens, he had served as voivode (civil governor) of Durrës. Athens had been under Ottoman rule continuously since 1456,
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List of Muhteşem Yüzyıl episodes


informs Süleyman and the Sultan decides to send her away. Süleyman grows suspicious of İbrahim as a result of Hürrem's intrigues. He finally executes İbrahim after inviting him for a dinner, and then sends the corpse to İbrahim's palace. Hatice becomes very sad at the death of her beloved and disowns her brother Süleyman. Together Hatice and Mahidevran plan on killing Hürrem by sending Diana, Mahidevran's servant, to murder her as a revenge, but she eventually starts to serve Hürrem loyally. Meanwhile, Şah Sultan, who had
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Muazzez Sultan


Muazzez Sultan (; died 12 September 1687) was the third consort of Sultan Ibrahim and the mother of Sultan Ahmed II. During Ibrahim's reign, she received a stipend of 1000 aspers a day as the second Haseki of Ibrahim. After Ibrahim's deposition in 1648, Muazzez went to the Old Palace along with other women in Ibrahim's harem and she was ranked as the Second Haseki Sultan in the Harem. Ibrahim was succeeded by his son Mehmed IV. Muazzez's son Ahmed II was born at Topkapı Palace in Constantinople and
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Mihrimah Sultan


Her portrait by Cristofano dell'Altissimo entitled as "Cameria Solimani". Other Ottoman imperial princesses who also named “Mihrimah” and also Mihrimah Sultan's close relative were: Mihrimah was born in Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1522 during the reign of her father, Suleiman the Magnificent. Her mother was Hürrem Sultan, an Orthodox priest's daughter, who was the current Sultan's concubine at the time. In 1533 or 1534, her mother, Hürrem, was freed and became Suleiman's legal wife. On 26 November 1539 in Istanbul
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Hadji Ali Haseki


. Furthermore, during the decades before Haseki's arrival in Athens, the "zabit" was in constant conflict with the pashas of Negroponte, who constantly sought to interfere in Athenian affairs. The exact manner and date of Haseki's arrival in Athens is unclear. Skouzes writes that in 1772, Esma Sultan acquired the "malikhane" of Athens at a price of 750,000 piastres—later in his account Skouzes raised the figure to 1.5 million piastres—and gave it over to Haseki. Benizelos, however, indicates that Haseki bought
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Haseki sultan


her name was Ayşe. As with Osman, very little is known about the concubines of his brother Murad IV. Privy purse registers record the presence of a single haseki, Ayşe, until the very end of Murad's seventeen years reign, when a second haseki appears. It is possible that Murad had only a single concubine until the advent of the second one, or that he had a number of concubines but singled out only two of them as hasekis. Ibrahim had eight hasekis, of whom the first three –Turhan
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Hadji Ali Haseki


office had always endeavoured to interfere in the affairs of Athens, and the new incumbent already had reasons to resent Haseki. When Haseki refused to send men to the war, despite being ordered to do so by the Porte, the pasha sent a body of 300 soldiers, horse and foot, against him. Haseki closed the gates of Athens and repelled the attack, but this armed clash between two Ottoman governors irked Sultan Selim III, who in 1792 expelled both from their provinces. Haseki was banished to Salonica, but quickly
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Kösem Sultan


third concubine. As a Haseki Sultan to Ahmed I Kösem was considered his favorite consort and gave birth to many of his children. During her time as haseki sultan she received 1,000 aspers a day. As the mother to a number of princesses she had the right to arrange their marriages which were of political use. Venetian ambassador Simon Contarini mentions Kösem in his report in 1612 and portrays her as: Contarini reported in 1612 that the Sultan ordered a woman to be beaten for having irritated Kösem. She may have been Kösem's
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List of Muhteşem Yüzyıl episodes


married to Matrakçı Nasuh under the Valide Sultan's order. She is not pleased with her wedding as she is actually in love with İbrahim. On her first night in her new house, upon İbrahim's surprising arrival she is informed that he and Matrakçı had a deal. Matrakçı divorces her, allowing her to have a relationship with İbrahim out of wedlock. While the Sultan goes to war, the Valide Sultan and Mahidevran conspire against Hürrem. The Valide places a spy and pretends to let Hürrem lead the harem for a while
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Mihrimah Sultan


: Osman and Hümaşah. Mihrimah traveled throughout the Ottoman Empire with her father as he surveyed the lands and conquered new ones. In international politics, Hürrem Sultan sent letters to Sigismund II, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and the contents of her letters were mirrored in letters written by Mihrimah, and sent by the same courier, who also carried letters from the sultan and her husband Rüstem Pasha the Grand Vizier. Therefore, it is most probable that Hürrem and Mihrimah were well known even among ordinary Ruthenians.
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Ağa hamamı


, the heat generated in a furnace is distributed below the hammam (in the cehennemlik). The furnace also heats the bathing water. During the 15th century, sultans or padishahs constructed hammams for the public use and therefore the hammams were used to be constructed as double (separate parts for men and women). The most important feature of the Ağa Hamamı is its being a public hammam. It was a hammam which the padishah of the time constructed for himself under a hunting house. Despite not being a definite example of
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Jericho


and in 1545 a revenue of 19,000 Akçe was recorded, destined for the new Waqf for the Haseki Sultan Imaret of Jerusalem. The villagers processed indigo as one source of revenue, using a cauldron specifically for this purpose that was loaned to them by the Ottoman authorities in Jerusalem. Later that century, the Jericho revenues no longer went to the Haseki Sultan Imaret. In 1596 Jericho appeared in the tax registers under the name of "Riha", being in the "nahiya" of Al-Quds in the "liwa"
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Gülben Ergen


alongside Haldun Dormen and Kenan Işık. Her role on this series expanded her fan base. In 2001, she published the magazine "Gülbence". In 2002, her second album "Sade ve Sadece" was released and in the same year she portrayed Hürrem Sultan in the TV series "Hürrem Sultan". Ergen's third studio album "Sade ve Sadece" was released in June 2002 by Neşe Müzik. The album's lead single was "Abayı Yaktım". The second song to get a music video was "Sade
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List of Muhteşem Yüzyıl episodes


changes her name to Hürrem ("who brings joy to one's face"). Subsequently, she gives birth to her first son, Şehzade Mehmed, and rises to the top of the court. At the same time, Mahidevran, a senior hatun (lady) and mother of the Sultan's eldest son, Mustafa, gets worried when she notices Süleyman is not spending time with her anymore. A year later, Hürrem gives birth to her first and only daughter, Mihrimah Sultan. Meanwhile, Süleyman departs for his
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Şehzade Mustafa


and Rüstem Pasha had made a court alliance against him in favor of Hürrem's sons, Selim and Bayezid. During Suleiman's Persian campaign, his army halted in Ereğli for a while. While Suleiman's army was in Ereğli, Rüstem Pasha made an offer to Mustafa to join his father's army. At the same time, he warned Suleiman that Mustafa was coming to kill him. Mustafa was accused by his father because of Hürrem Sultan and Rüstem Pasha. Mihrimah Sultan also played a role in Şehzade Mustafa's death.
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Şehzade Mehmed


Şehzade Mehmed (1521– 6 November 1543) was an Ottoman prince (şehzade), son of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and Hürrem Sultan. He was assigned to rule in Manisa after his brother Şehzade Mustafa was sent to Amasya from there. Mehmed's birth changed the status of the harem, marking the beginning of Hürrem's rising in the palace. Historians say that Mehmed was very much like his older half-brother, Mustafa, and that he looked up to him as his role model, and had a good relationship
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Hadji Ali Haseki


Haseki's grant of the "malikhane", and its bestowal on the "darphane emini" (the imperial mint-master); the "silahdar" (aide-de-camp) of the Kapudan Pasha Cezayirli Hasan, who was considered as friendly disposed, was appointed as voivode. Haseki's fortunes took a new blow in 1788, when Esma Sultan died, but he soon managed to turn the situation around through judicious bribery of Cezayirli Hasan Pasha, so that the "malikhane" was restored to him. As
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Haseki sultan


." This new system meant that potential rulers had to wait a long time in the "kafes" before ascending the throne, hence the old age of certain sultans upon their enthronement, made all of şehzades lost their chance to become ruler of one of the Ottoman province as part of their training to become worthy heir to the throne. One outcome of all these changes was that the position of haseki lost its traditional logic. A mother's political role traditionally began with the creation of a separate household for her son.
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Osman II


in the Old Palace. Although he did have a loyal chief black eunuch at his side, this could not compensate for the absence of what in the politics of that period was a winning combination, valide sultan–chief black eunuch, especially in the case of a young and very ambitious ruler. According to Piterberg, Osman II did not have haseki sultan, opposite with Peirce who claim that Ayşe was Osman's haseki. But it is clear that Ayşe could not take valide's role during her spouse's reign. Seeking
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List of Muhteşem Yüzyıl episodes


decides to let her live after learning that she's pregnant with Mustafa's child. At the capital, Hürrem Sultan continues to listen to the court's decisions and meetings through a secret salon. Fatma learns Hürrem's secret and informs Süleyman of her actions, who banishes her from the capital for a while. Süleyman decides to send Mustafa a gift, a caftan, as a sign of respect for his son. Hürrem, however, orders her servants to secretly poison it. After receiving the gift, Mustafa, who thinks
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Mahidevran


son of Mahidevran, when in truth Suleiman had become monogamous with Hürrem at that time. According to Navagero's report, as a result of the bitter rivalry a fight between the two women broke out, with Mahidevran beating Hürrem, which angered Suleiman. According to Necdet Sakaoğlu, a Turkish historian, Turkish and foreign writers have written fictitious novels with dramatic scenes using Hürrem, Mahidevran, Gülfem and Hafsa Sultan, but these do not reflect the truth. Mahidevran left Istanbul with her son Mustafa due to his appointment as governor of
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Mihrimah Sultan


Although there is no proof of Hürrem or Mihrimah's direct involvement in her half-brother Şehzade Mustafa's downfall, Ottoman sources and foreign accounts indicate that it was widely believed that Hürrem, Rüstem and Mihrimah worked first to eliminate Mustafa so as ensure the throne to Hürrem's son and Mihrimah's full-brother, Selim. The rivalry ended in a loss for Mustafa when he was executed by his own father's command in 1553 during the campaign against Safavid Persia because of fear of rebellion. Although this stories were not based
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Mimar Sinan


at an angle of 45 degrees. Clearly, Sinan must have appreciated this form, since he repeated it later in mosques such as the Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque at Kadırga and the Atik Valide Mosque at Üsküdar. In 1556, Sinan built the Haseki Hürrem Hamam, replacing the antique Baths of Zeuxippus, which are still standing close to the Hagia Sophia. This would become one of the most beautiful hamams he ever constructed. In 1559, he built the Cafer Ağa madrasah below the forecourt of the Hagia Sophia. In the same
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List of Muhteşem Yüzyıl episodes


marriage. Nigar gives birth to a child but is told that her baby was stillborn, while in fact Hatice Sultan has sent the child to a far place to live her life in secret and hides the truth from Ibrahim and Nigar. Following the childbirth, Nigar is later taken to a distant place to be executed but is saved under Hürrem Sultan's order who later brings her back to the harem. A few years later Hürrem finally finds the girl, named Kadar, and subsequently notifies İbrahim. After learning the truth,
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List of Muhteşem Yüzyıl episodes


removes him of all his positions and authorities. Cihangir, who deeply loved his elder brother, dies of heartbreak. With most of his sons deceased, a war for capturing the throne begins between Süleyman's two remaining sons, Selim and Bayezid. Hürrem Sultan, who believes in Bayezid's abilities to rule and control the government, decides to support him while Sultan Süleyman favors their elder son, Selim. With scars appearing on her body, it's revealed that Hürrem has an illness with no cure and that her death is
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Safavid dynasty


the Ottoman Empire over who was to succeed the aged Suleiman the Magnificent. Suleiman's favourite wife, Hürrem Sultan, was eager for her son, Selim, to become the next sultan. But Selim was an alcoholic and Hürrem's other son, Bayezid, had shown far greater military ability. The two princes quarrelled and eventually Bayezid rebelled against his father. His letter of remorse never reached Suleiman, and he was forced to flee abroad to avoid execution. In 1559 Bayezid arrived in Iran where Tahmasp gave him a warm welcome
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Hadji Ali Haseki


returned to Constantinople. With the aid of his supporters there, he secured his right, as "malikhane sahib", to send a voivode of his own to Athens in 1793. His agent continued to extract revenue from Athens and send it to him in Constantinople. Haseki's final downfall came about because of his intrigues in the Sultan's court, where he tried unsuccessfully to undermine the position of the head of the imperial bodyguard in order to replace him. When the latter became aware of Haseki's machinations, he was
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Haseki Sultan Imaret


among others. The Haseki Sultan Imaret not only fulfilled the religious requirement to give charity, but reinforced the social order and helped the Ottoman Empire project a political image of power and generosity. Charity is an important component in Islam. In order to secure a place in paradise after death, one must assist those who cannot help themselves. There are two categories of charity in Qur'anic injunctions: "Zakat", an obligatory alms tax for Muslims who obtained a certain level of wealth; and "Sadaqah", voluntary donations
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List of Muhteşem Yüzyıl episodes


İbrahim and Hatice arrange a marriage between Rüstem and Nigar. After serving as a regent during the war, Mustafa returns to Manisa and continues to serve as a Sancak Beyi. A girl named Firuze comes to Topkapi. Afife Hatun chooses her as a concubine for the Sultan and unbeknownst to Hürrem sends her to his chambers. Hürrem, who finally discovers Firuze's secret, orders Rüstem to kill her but he sees a tattoo on her neck with the shape of the Safavid dynasty's coat of arms. He notifies Hürrem, who
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List of Muhteşem Yüzyıl episodes


arrived in the capital before at Hatice's invitation, starts to plot against Hürrem. Hürrem Sultan tries to convince Mihrimah to marry Rüstem to form an alliance against Şah and Hatice. Lütfi Pasha, who has been the grand vizier since Ayas Pasha's death due to Şah Sultan's trick, continues his crusade against prostitution by punishing a prostitute without waiting for the court's verdict. Learning the truth from her servants, Şah decides to divorce him but is slapped by him before the servants can take him out. Lütfi later gets
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Haseki sultan


over another. The greatest contribution of Kösem during her tenure as haseki possibly was the significant modifications in the pattern of succession to the throne from a system of primogeniture to one based on agnatic seniority. She must have realized the personal gain that might stem from the transition to seniority, coupled with the fact that she was no longer haseki but had son "in waiting". According to Venetian ambassador, Kösem "lobbied to spare Mustafa the fate of fratricide with the ulterior goal of saving her own son from the same fate
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Hadji Ali Haseki


Bartholomew, who hoped to use Haseki's influence with the Sultan to be elected Patriarch of Constantinople. On his return, he forced the Athenians to recompense him for the financial losses incurred due to his temporary removal, which he put at 60,000 piastres. 1778 saw devastating raids by Turco-Albanian warbands into Attica, which served to strengthen Haseki's position. Albanians had been brought in by the Porte to suppress the Orlov Revolt in the Morea in 1770, and remained a menace to the area for many years thereafter: taking
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Hadji Ali Haseki


returned as voivode in 1779, and exiled many of his Turkish opponents. The situation became so bad that large numbers of Athenians went to Constantinople, including a number of peasants who reportedly took their ploughshares with them and dramatically threw them down in a row before the Grand Vizier, asking the Sultan to give them another place in which to live, for Athens was unbearable. Haseki was exiled to Cyprus, but instead he returned to Athens, and carried on his machinations in Constantinople. As a result, while Haseki was allowed
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Murad IV


to reach the throne, but many historians consider Ayşe Sultan as his only consort until the very end of Murad's seventeen-year reign, when a second Haseki appeared in the records. It is possible that Murad had only a single concubine until the advent of the second, or that he had a number of concubines but singled out only two as Haseki. Another consort of his may have been Sanavber Hatun, though certainly not of the Haseki rank, whose name can be found on the deed of a charitable foundation as
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Hurrem Sultan


Jerusalem she established in 1552 the Haseki Sultan Imaret, a public soup kitchen to feed the poor and the needy. This soup kitchen was said to have fed at least 500 people twice a day. She also built Imaret Haseki Hurrem, public soup kitchen in Mecca. Some of her embroidery, or at least that done under her supervision, has also survived, examples being given in 1547 to Tahmasp I, the Shah of Iran, and in 1549 to King Sigismund II Augustus. Esther Handali acted as her secretary and intermediary
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List of Muhteşem Yüzyıl episodes


Mahidevran for capturing the leadership of the harem. Nigar who had become pregnant by İbrahim tries to leave the palace but Hürrem kidnaps her during the journey and hides her. Hatice finally realizes that her husband has been unfaithful. Hürrem also plots against Mahidevran by making her appear to be the person who had ordered a servant to strangle Gülfem. Süleyman gives Hürrem Sultan the leadership of the harem. Following the previous events, everyone hears about Ibrahim's adultery. Hatice, who at first wanted to divorce him, tries to save their
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Valide sultan


few harem women who became Valide Sultans upon their son's ascension to the throne were indeed freed from slavery and married to their spouses , the former Ottoman Sultans. These Sultanas were Nurbanu Sultan , Kösem Sultan and Rabia Gülnuş Sultan. The list does not include the complete list of mothers of the Ottoman sultans. Most who held the title of valide sultan were the biological mothers of the reigning sultans. The mothers who died before their sons' accession to throne, never assumed the title of "valide sultan", like Hürrem
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