Guthlac of Crowland [SEP] canonization status
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Saint Beccel


Bettelin of Crowland, also known as Beccel, was an 8th century hermit and saint of Crowland, and a follower of Guthlac. Impressed by stories of his holiness, Bettelin traveled to be taught by Guthlac of Crowland, which at the time was in the kingdom of Mercia. A story is told however, that he was afflicted with murderous thoughts against Guthlac, and he struggled to overcome them. In 714 he took advice from Guthlac, as Guthlac was dying and both he and Pega the sister of Guthlac, oversaw the
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Guthlac of Crowland


"Guthlac B" is based on Felix's account of the saint's death. The story of Saint Guthlac is told pictorially in the "Guthlac Roll", a set of detailed illustrations of the early 13th century; it is kept in the British Library and copies are on display in Crowland Abbey. Another account, also dating from after the Norman Conquest, was included in the "Ecclesiastical History" of Orderic Vitalis, which like the "Guthlac Roll" was commissioned by the abbot of Crowland Abbey. At a time
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Guthlac of Crowland


calling to move the tomb and relics to a nearby chapel: Guthlac's body was discovered uncorrupted, his shroud shining with light. Subsequently Guthlac appeared in a miraculous vision to Æthelbald, prophesying he would be future King of Mercia. The cult of Guthlac continued amongst a monastic community at Crowland, with the eventual foundation of Crowland Abbey as a Benedictine Order in 971. Because of a series of fires at the abbey, few records survive from prior to the 12th century. It is known that in 1136 the remains of Guthlac
19599127
Saint Fursey


and the place of the Visio in its development. Guthlac of Crowland, a Saint for Middle England (Fursey Pilgrims, 2009) Fursey Occasional Paper number 3 Guthlac of Crowland was a near contemporary of Fursey, dying in 714, as well as being located not too far distant from the area of Fursey's English ministry. Jane Roberts highlights the story of Guthlac, then compares elements of the two saints' Lives. Although little remembered today, the once great abbey of Crowland, and hints of Guthlac in later English literature
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Guthlac of Crowland


him an abbey if his prophecy became true. Æthelbald did become king and, even though Guthlac had died two years previously, kept his word and started construction of Crowland Abbey on St Bartholomew's Day AD 716. Guthlac's feast day is celebrated on 11 April. The 8th-century Latin "Vita sancti Guthlaci" is written by Felix, who describes the entry of the demons into Guthlac's cell: Felix records Guthlac's foreknowledge of his own death, conversing with angels in his last days. At the moment of
19599125
Crowland


In about 701 a monk named Guthlac came to what was then an island in the Fens to live the life of a hermit. Following in Guthlac’s footsteps, a monastic community came into being here, which was dedicated to Saint Mary the Virgin, Saint Bartholomew and Saint Guthlac in the eighth century. The place-name 'Crowland' is first attested circa 745 AD in the "Vita S. Guthlaci auctore Felice", reprinted in the "Memorials of Saint Guthlac" published in Wisbech in 1881. Here the name appears
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Guthlac of Crowland


Repton was a double monastery.) Two years later he sought to live the life of a hermit, and moved out to the island of Croyland, now called Crowland on St Bartholomew's Day, AD 699. His early biographer Felix asserts that Guthlac could understand the "strimulentes loquelas" ("sibilant speech") of the British-speaking demons who haunted him there, only because Guthlac had spent some time in exile among Celtic Britons. Guthlac built a small oratory and cells in the side of a plundered barrow on
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Guthlac of Crowland


Saint Guthlac of Crowland (; ; 674 – 3 April 715 AD) was a Christian saint from Lincolnshire in England. He is particularly venerated in the Fens of eastern England. Guthlac was the son of Penwalh or Penwald, a noble of the English kingdom of Mercia, and his wife Tette. His sister is also venerated as Saint Pega. As a young man, he fought in the army of Æthelred of Mercia and subsequently became a monk at Repton Monastery in Derbyshire at the age of 24, under the Abbess. (
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Crowland Abbey


Crowland Abbey (also spelled Croyland Abbey, Latin: Croilandia) is a Church of England parish church, formerly part of a Benedictine abbey church, in Crowland in the English county of Lincolnshire. It is a Grade I listed building. A monk named Guthlac came to what was then an island in the Fens to live the life of a hermit, and he dwelt at Croyland between 699 and 714. Following in Guthlac’s footsteps, a monastic community came into being here in the 8th century. Croyland Abbey was dedicated to
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Crowland


Board. The Crowland Ponds Nature Reserve is north of the town, next to the west side of the Welland. The town currently has one school, South View Primary which has moved from its former home on Reform Street to the much larger former St Guthlac School site on Postland Road in September 2014. Crowland's former secondary school was named The St Guthlac School after the abbey's founder. It was situated at the junction of the B1166 and B1040. Lincolnshire Country Council made the decision at the begin of July 2011 that
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Æthelbald of Mercia


living in a barrow at Crowland, in the East Anglian fens. During Æthelbald's exile he and his men also took refuge in the Fens in the area, and visited Guthlac. Guthlac was sympathetic to Æthelbald's cause, perhaps because of Ceolred's oppression of the monasteries. Other visitors of Guthlac's included Bishop Haedde of Lichfield, an influential Mercian, and it may be that Guthlac's support was politically useful to Æthelbald in gaining the throne. After Guthlac's death, Æthelbald had a dream in which Guthlac prophesied greatness
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Guthlac of Crowland


when it was being challenged by the crown, the abbey relied significantly on the cult of Guthlac, which made it a place of pilgrimage and healing. That is reflected in a shift in the emphasis from the earlier accounts of Felix and others. The post-conquest accounts portray him as a defender of the church rather than a saintly ascetic; instead of dwelling in an ancient burial mound, they depict Guthlac overseeing the building of a brick and stone chapel on the site of the abbey. Formed in 1987, St Guthlac
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Saint Beccel


princess. When they were traveling in a forest, his wife went into labor, he sought help but could find none and when he returned, both the wife and child were eaten by wolves. After this terrible experience Bettelin left the world, became a pupil of Guthlac of Crowland until Guthlac's death and the founding of the monastery nearby [where he lived] as a hermit under Abbot Kenulf. His relics were translated to Staffordshire before the Vikings sacked Crowland Abbey. He is venerated by the Roman and Orthodox churches on
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Guthlac of Crowland


were moved once more and that finally in 1196 his shrine was placed above the main altar. A short Old English sermon (Vercelli XXIII) and a longer prose translation into Old English are both based on Felix's "Vita". There are also two poems in Old English known as "Guthlac A" and "Guthlac B", part of the tenth century Exeter Book, the oldest surviving collection of Anglo-Saxon poetry. The relationship of "Guthlac A" to Felix's "Vita" is debated, but
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Guthlac of Crowland


the island, and he lived there until his death on 11 April in AD 714. Felix, writing within living memory of Guthlac, described his hermit's life: Guthlac suffered from ague and marsh fever. His pious and holy ascetic life became the talk of the land, and many people visited Guthlac during his life to seek spiritual guidance from him. He gave sanctuary to Æthelbald, future king of Mercia, who was fleeing from his cousin Ceolred. Guthlac predicted that Æthelbald would become king, and Æthelbald promised to build
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Guthlac of Crowland


death a sweet nectar-like odour emanated from his mouth, as his soul departed from his body in a beam of light while the angels sang. Guthlac had requested a lead coffin and linen winding sheet from Ecgburh, Abbess of Repton Abbey, so that his funeral rites could be performed by his sister Pega. Arriving the day after his death, she found the island of Crowland filled with the scent of ambrosia. She buried the body on the mound after three days of prayer. A year later Pega had a divine
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Pega


Pega (c. 673-c.719), is a Christian saint who was an anchoress in the ancient Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia, and the sister of Saint Guthlac. Pega belonged to one of the great noble families of Mercia, the daughter of Penwalh of Mercia. She lived as an anchoress at what is now Peakirk ("Pega's church") near Peterborough, not far from Guthlac's hermitage at Crowland. When Guthlac realised that his end was near in 714, he invited her to his funeral. For this she
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Crowland Abbey


Saint Mary the Virgin, Saint Bartholomew and Saint Guthlac. During the third quarter of the 10th century, Crowland came into the possession of the nobleman Turketul, a relative of Osketel, Archbishop of York. Turketul, a cleric, became abbot there and endowed the abbey with many estates. It is thought that, about this time, Crowland adopted the Benedictine rule. In the 11th century, Hereward the Wake was a tenant of the abbey. In 1537, the abbot of Croyland wrote to Thomas Cromwell, sending him a
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Ælfwald of East Anglia


Æthelbald lived until 757 and carried Mercian power to a new height. His debt to Crowland was not forgotten: soon after his accession he richly endowed a new church on the site where Guthlac had lived as a hermit. The first "Life of Guthlac", written by the monk Felix, appeared soon after Guthlac's death. Nothing is known about Felix, although Bertram Colgrave has observed that he was a good scholar who evidently had access to works by Bede and Aldhelm, to a "Life" of Saint Fursey and
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Cult of saints in Anglo-Saxon England


and ethical considerations would have influenced Ælfric's decisions regarding which saints to write about. The early medieval concept of a local saint was based on the idea that the holy could have a physical presence. If a church possessed bodily relics of a saint, this served as both a mark of status and a devotional focus for worshippers. Burial within a church was a prerequisite for an individual to be perceived as a saint in Anglo-Saxon England. The only known possible exception was St Guthlac of Crowland, whose hagiographer, Felix
9702971
Gleed Boys' School


7 to 11, with a total pupil body of 650. The school had qualified for specialist status and was a Humanities College. The County Council decided to close Gleed Boys' school from November 2011 and to reunite the two Gleed schools. This followed an earlier decision to close a nearby secondary school, St Guthlac's in Crowland. Gleed Boys' School offered academic and vocational programmes for boys aged 11 to 16 years. Key Stage 3 courses included English, Mathematics, Science, Art, Geography, History, Physical Education
13410141
Stathern, Leicestershire


Stathern is an English village and civil parish in the Melton district of Leicestershire. It lies in the Vale of Belvoir about north of Melton Mowbray. In the 2001 census the parish had 288 dwellings, and a population of 672. The population had increased to 728 at the time of the 2011 census. The village has an Anglican church, St Guthlac's, listed Grade II*. Parts date from the 13th and 17th centuries. It was restored in 1867–1868 under R. W. Johnson. Guthlac of Crowland was a Lincolnshire hermit
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Crowland


St Guthlac's Cross, it meets Spalding Road (former A1073) and borders Cowbit, and follows the north side of Queen's Bank, crossing the A16. Just south of here, to the west of Spalding Road, is Crowland Airfield, home of a gliding club. For north of Queen's Bank Farm, it borders the large parish of Weston. Eastwards across to Middlemoor Farm, it borders Moulton. From the area south of Little Postland, it borders the large parish of Whaplode (Whaplode Drove). It
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Ælfwald of East Anglia


disaffection amongst the Mercians. He persecuted a distant cousin, Æthelbald, the grandson of Penda's brother Eowa. Æthelbald was driven to take refuge deep in the Fens at Crowland, where Guthlac, another descendant of the Mercian royal house, was living as a hermit. When Guthlac died in 714, Ælfwald's sister Ecgburgh provided a stone coffin for his burial. Ceolred died in 716, blaspheming and insane, according to his chroniclers. Penda's line became extinct (or disempowered) and Æthelbald emerged as king of Mercia.
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Iclingas


was Creoda, first king of Mercia. Matthew Paris s.a. 527 reports, "pagans came from Germania and occupied East Anglia... some of whom invaded Mercia and fought many battles with the British[.]" This date, however, should perhaps be amended to 515. The "Vita Sancti Guthlaci" ("Life of Saint Guthlac") reports Guthlac of Crowland to have been son of Penwalh, a Mercian who could trace his pedigree back to Icel. Several place names in England have been suggested as derived from
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Ælfwald of East Anglia


at Crowland. Ælfwald's friendly stance towards Æthelbald helped to maintain peaceful relations with his more powerful neighbour. The "Life of Guthlac", which includes information about Æthelbald during his period of exile at Crowland, is dedicated to Ælfwald. Later versions of the "Life" reveal the high quality of written Old English produced in East Anglia during Ælfwald's reign. He was a literate and devoutly Christian king: his letter written to Boniface in around 747 reveals his diplomatic skills and gives a rare glimpse into the life of a
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Edward Guthlac Sergeant


Edward Guthlac Sergeant (3 December 1881, Crowland, Lincolnshire – 16 November 1961, Kingston upon Thames) was an English chess master. He participated many times in the British Chess Championship, London City championship, and Hastings International Chess Congress. In 1907, he tied for 2nd-5th in London (British-ch, Henry Ernest Atkins won). He won or shared 1st at London 1913, London 1915/16 (won a playoff match against Theodor Germann), London 1916, Hastings 1919 (Minor), Bromley 1920, and
21962100
Fishtoft


medieval statue of St Guthlac can be seen high up on the tower of the Fishtoft parish church, and formerly held the whip with which he cleansed the land of evil spirits. The statue of St Guthlac set into the west tower is of considerable interest. Nikolaus Pevsner, in his volume on Lincolnshire (Buildings of England series) says that it is older than the fabric of the tower. It is possible that this is the original statue of the Guthlac cult, and would have been located inside the chancel. As well
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Cowbit


were added by Bishop Russell of Lincoln in 1487. Restoration was carried out in 1882. A Wesleyan chapel was built in 1842, and rebuilt in 1861. To the south, on the road to the hamlet of Peak Hill, is a stone named after St Guthlac, being a boundary marker for the earlier lands of Crowland Abbey. The village contains a Grade II listed early 19th-century mill, a Church of England primary school, public play area, village hall, a garage, and a village store. On
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Peakirk


Peakirk is a civil parish in the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. For local government purposes it forms part of Newborough ward; for parliamentary purposes it falls within Peterborough constituency. In 2001, the parish had a population of 321 persons and 139 households. Saint Pega (died c. 719) the sister of Saint Guthlac of Crowland, had a hermitage here. The parish church is uniquely dedicated to St Pega and the name of the village is derived from "Pega's church". The church is a
9733989
Little Ponton


are no village amenities. The ecclesiastical parish is part of the Colsterworth Group of the Deanery of Beltisloe. The 2013 incumbent is Reverend Eric John Lomax. Little Ponton parish church dates from the Norman period, but is largely of Decorated style. The west front was rebuilt in 1657. The chancel arch may be Saxon. The dedication is to St Guthlac of Crowland (674–715), a hermit who gained popularity as a saint in the Fens of Eastern England. The film and stage actor and soldier Richard Todd (1919–2009)
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Pega


sailed down the River Welland, curing a blind man from Wisbech on the way. She inherited Guthlac's psalter and scourge, both of which, it was claimed, she later gave to Crowland Abbey. She went on pilgrimage to Rome and died there c.719. Ordericus Vitalis claimed that her relics survived in an unnamed Roman church in his day, and that miracles took place there. It is said that her heart was returned to Peakirk and was kept as a relic in the church, contained in a heart stone, the
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Bellfounding


the use of bells had become incorporated into church services. Nearly 200 years later, in the tenth century is the first record of a complete peal of bells. The chronologies of the abbot Ingulf suggest that Thurcytel, the first Abbot of Crowland, presented the Abbey with a bell named Guthlac, after which his successor, Egelric the Elder cast an additional six bells—two large, two of medium size and two small—to complete a peal of seven. The same period saw other ecclesiastics involved in the founding of bells
11681679
William of Ramsey


William of Ramsey (fl. 1219) was a 13th-century English Benedictine monk of Croyland Abbey (sometimes written Crowland), born at Ramsey, Huntingdonshire. He wrote lives of saints and others in Latin verse, and probably therefore derived his materials from prose then in existence. He can be dated by the content and dedications of his works. In his life of Earl Waltheof (printed in Francisque Michel's Chroniques Anglo-Normandes) events are brought down to 1219. His Life of St. Guthlac is dedicated to Abbot
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Crowland Abbey


two of middle size, which he called Turketul and Tatwin; and two small ones, to which he gave the names of Pega and Bega. The Lord abbat Turketul had previously had one very large bell made called Guthlac, and when it was rung with the bells before-named, an exquisite harmony was produced thereby; nor was there such a peal of bells in those days in all England." However, the histories attributed to the 11th-century Abbot Ingulf are now thought to be 14th-century inventions of
5872820
University Academy Holbeach


University Academy Holbeach is an academy based in Holbeach, Lincolnshire in England. The academy was established in 2011 following the closure of The St Guthlac's School in Crowland and George Farmer Technology and Language College in Holbeach (formerly named George Farmer Secondary School). The academy has been created with the sponsorship of the University of Lincoln which already runs its National Centre for Food Manufacturing directly next to the campus site of the former George Farmer Technology and Language College in Holbeach. The creation of the academy has been controversial particularly in the
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Dormington


manor in 1066 was Estan the canon, who was only associated with this one manor at the time. The lordship in 1086 was transferred to Walter, with the canons of St Guthlac's Priory in Hereford becoming Tenant-in-chief to king William I. Dormington was recorded as 'Dorminton' in 1206, being an estate associated with a person name deriving from the Old English Dēormōd or Dēormund with 'ing' or 'tūn'. In 1911 a Roman pavement and Roman Key were found at Dormington House, the parsonage
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Guthlac poems A and B


. "Guthlac B" is more of a conversational exchange piece. Although the first poem's dialogue is mostly between Guthlac and a set of demons, the second is between Guthlac and another person. It has less action and more discourse. Death is portrayed, not as the eternal doom of humanity, but as the ultimate freedom for Guthlac from the hardships that have been endured in his life. The focus is on Guthlac's death, on the destiny that was meant for him and the rest of humankind since Adam and
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Guthlac poems A and B


, but those who forsake themselves for that grace are sacrificing worldly pleasures in anticipation of the divine satisfaction to come. Guthlac started out as a more worldly man who focused on material pursuits instead of pleasing the Lord. One night, an angel and a devil have a fight over his soul, with the angel trying to pull Guthlac toward serving God, and the devil trying to assure Guthlac of the promises of material pleasure and violence. After a long fight, God declares the angel to have won Guthlac's soul. Guthlac
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St Guthlac's Church, Market Deeping


Saint Guthlac's Church, Market Deeping is a parish church of the Church of England in Market Deeping, Lincolnshire, England. The largely 15th-century church of St Guthlac is the only church in Market Deeping, and is part of the Church of England Anglo-Catholic tradition. The church is in the Diocese of Lincoln in the Deanery of Elloe West. St Guthlac's is a member of the Deepings Churches Together, a local organisation of churches within The Deepings, and a member of the St Guthlac fellowship. As
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Saint Beccel


burial of Guthlac. The event is recorded in the second poem of Guthlac, Felix's "Life of Saint Guthlac" and to a lesser extent the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" and the 15th century "Historia Croylandensis". Felix records that Beccel saw visions of light on the night before Guthlac died and at the time of his death. There is some speculation Beccel may have been a king turned hermit. Part of his vita is that before becoming a hermit [He] was a nobleman and married to an Irish
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Guthlac poems A and B


Guthlac A and Guthlac B are a pair of Old English poems written in celebration of the deeds and death of Saint Guthlac of Croyland, a popular Mercian saint. The two poems are presented consecutively in the important Exeter Book miscellany of Old English poetry, the fourth and fifth items in the manuscript. They are clearly intended to be considered two items, judging from the scribe's use of large initials at the start of each poem. The poems, like the majority of extant Old English poetry, are composed in alliterative verse
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Guthlac poems A and B


is now living alone in a mountain dwelling, a place that is infested with demons who seek still to win Guthlac over. It is here that Guthlac is tempted and threatened by these demons, but he has the protection of an angel on hand. This angel comforts him and helps him stand up to the demons, while he commits to an ascetic lifestyle, denying himself of all bodily pleasures. Guthlac is given a glimpse of the world by the demons, which include the wayward lifestyles of those who are building up treasures
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Guthlac poems A and B


and material comforts in the monasteries when they are supposed to be serving God. Even though the demons drag him into hell, Guthlac continues to sing his worship to God. When the demons tell him that he is not good enough for heaven, Guthlac assures them that he will accept the torment of hell and still sing God's praises, if that is God's wish. Guthlac assures the demons that they will always be the wretched way that they are, and suffer misery for eternity, because they will never know God
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Guthlac poems A and B


the strength to preach movingly, as if being angelic, from the Gospel on Easter. However, he only grows more ill, and is heard arguing in the night. When asked about it, Guthlac tells his servant that he has been speaking to an angel in the final days of his sickness, and that the servant is to tell Guthlac's sister Pega that he will see her in heaven later, and to claim and bury his body. Then Guthlac opens his mouth to release a sweet, honey-like odor
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Guthlac poems A and B


. Finally, a messenger from God, the Apostle Bartholomew, orders the demons to free Guthlac and return him to his wilderness dwelling unharmed. The demons have no choice but to obey, and Guthlac once again praises God. Guthlac is eventually given a place in heaven with God as his protector, and in moral-tale fashion, the same is assured to those who revere the truth and please God. The poem has made the conflict between good and evil its main purpose, assuring that the events are for all times
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Guthlac poems A and B


neither poem is numbered among that writer's compositions today. "Guthlac B" is certainly based primarily on Felix's Latin life of St. Guthlac, the "Vita Sancti Guthlaci", written sometime between 730 and 740. The relationship between "Guthlac A" and the "Vita Sancti Guthlaci" is, however, less clear. Some recent scholarship concludes that the Old English poem is based directly on the Latin, but other work finds a more complex relationship. An Old English version of the life can be found among the
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Guthlac poems A and B


Eve were banished from the Garden of Eden. The poem first reflects upon this ultimate human tragedy, where the onslaught of Original Sin made it so that nobody descended from humanity would be free from sin and death. Guthlac, after having spent several years in the wilderness, is now afflicted with a disease that came to him in the night and will only get worse. Guthlac sickens for days in care of his servant Beccel, and he knows his time of earthly departure will be near. Despite being sick, Guthlac finds
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Crowland


Crowland (modern usage) or Croyland (medieval era name and the one still in ecclesiastical use; cf. ) is a small town in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated between Peterborough and Spalding. Crowland contains two sites of historical interest, Crowland Abbey and Trinity Bridge The town's two historical points of interest are the ruined medieval Crowland Abbey and the 14th-century three-sided bridge, Trinity Bridge, which stands at its central point and used to be the confluence of three streams.
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Crowland


as "Cruglond", "Crugland", "Cruuulond" and "Cruwland". It appears as "Croiland" in the Domesday Book of 1086. The word "cruw" is thought to mean a bend, and to refer to the bend in the River Welland at Crowland, which was more pronounced before the draining of the fens. The town of Crowland grew up round the abbey. By a charter dated 716, Æthelbald of Mercia granted the isle of Crowland, free from all secular services, to the abbey
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Guthlac poems A and B


that gives comfort to his servant to breathe. Guthlac tells the servant that it is now time to carry the message of his passing to his sister. Then Guthlac dies, with angels carrying his soul to heaven. The servant travels quickly to Pega by ship, dutifully and broken-heartedly obeying his master's last wish. The poem ends there, with the servant conveying the extent of his suffering at the loss. Early editors posited that one or both of the poems could have been composed by the poet Cynewulf, but
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The Fens


Later classified as saints, often with close royal links, they include Guthlac, Etheldreda, Pega, and Wendreda. Hermitages on the islands became centres of communities which later developed as monasteries with massive estates. In the "Life of Saint Guthlac", a biography of the East Anglian hermit who lived in the Fens during the early 8th century, Saint Guthlac was described as attacked on several occasions by people he believed were Britons, who were then living in the Fens. However, Bertram Colgrave, in the introduction to one
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Crowland


near Postland House. An electoral ward in the name of Crowland and Deeping St Nicholas exists. This ward has a total population taken at the 2011 census of 6,172. Crowland is nearer to the outskirts of Peterborough than Spalding, and (similar to other settlements of the Welland) is less than north of the boundary with the City of Peterborough. The main road is the A16, which provides connections with Spalding to the north and Peterborough to the south (via the A47). The east-west B1166 connects with Deeping
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Thurcytel


Thurcytel (or Thurkytel) (died 28 June 975?) was abbot of Crowland and perhaps also of Bedford Abbey. Thurcytel of Crowland is known from the unreliable history of Crowland Abbey attributed to Pseudo-Ingulf, an account full of anachronisms including the claim that Thurcytel was Lord Chancellor of England. The gist of this account is that Thurcytel is a kinsman and servitor of several Kings of England, from Edward the Elder onwards, and fights at the battle of Brunanburh. He retires from secular life in the reign of King
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Ingulf


Ingulf (; died 16 November 1109) was a Benedictine abbot of Crowland, head of Crowland Abbey in Lincolnshire. Ingulf was an Englishman who, having travelled to England on diplomatic business as secretary of William, Duke of Normandy, in 1051, was made Abbot of Crowland in 1087 (Chambers and DNB say 1086) at Duke William's instigation after he had become king of England and the abbacy had fallen vacant. 1087 was in the last year of William's reign. In the meantime, Ingulf had made a pilgrimage to
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Crowland


footpath follows the boundary to where it crosses the B1040 at Nene Terrace, following the west side of the B1040 for where it meets the (Peterborough) parish of Newborough. From 1894 the parish, being the only part of the Peterborough Rural Sanitary District in Lincolnshire, formed its own Crowland Rural District. This was merged into Spalding Rural District under a County Review Order in the 1930s. It has formed part of the South Holland district since April 1974. Crowland falls within the drainage area of the Welland and Deepings Internal Drainage
11978918
Gladesmore Community School


Gladesmore Community School is a mixed-gender, comprehensive secondary school (ages 11–16) in Tottenham, London. The school's specialisms include Gifted and Talented, Mathematics and Computing, and Applied Learning. Gladesmore combines a number of previous schools in the vicinity: Crowland Road School opened in 1911 and became Crowland Secondary Modern in 1946. The Crowland School buildings then became part of the new Markfield Secondary Modern, which was founded in 1956. Drayton School then replaced Markfield School, opening in Gladesmore Road in 1967. Gladesmore was a
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Crowlands railway station


Crowlands railway station was a proposed station on the Great Eastern Main Line near Romford, Essex, to be sited between Chadwell Heath and Romford, just west of Jutsums Lane where the railway passes over the road on a narrow bridge. It was first proposed in 1900 by the Great Eastern Railway and platform foundations were laid, but construction was never completed. The London and North Eastern Railway, which inherited the route after the 1923 grouping of railway companies, resurrected the plans for Crowlands station in 1935, but nothing came about,
18010495
Postland railway station


Postland railway station was a station on the Great Northern and Great Eastern Joint Railway in Crowland, Lincolnshire, which is now closed. It originally opened in 1867, and remained open to passengers until 1961. It was closed permanently in 1965. Services to Cambridge and Doncaster ran from here. The station building and former signal box now lie on the B1166, which runs from Crowland to Throckenholt, and the station building has now been converted into a house. Train passengers from Crowland and the surrounding area must use either Spalding railway
5595058
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974


policy reason would exist to not shield SEP IRAs, but many financial planners argue that a rollover (or direct transfer) from a SEP IRA to a "rollover IRA" would give those funds protected status, too. Portions of ERISA are codified in various places of the United States Code, including , and Internal Revenue Code sections and (relating to the Individual Retirement Account) and sections through , and , and . A cross-reference between the sections of the ERISA law and the corresponding sections in the U.S.Code can be
18827832
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy


The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) combines an online encyclopedia of philosophy with peer-reviewed publication of original papers in philosophy, freely accessible to Internet users. It is maintained by Stanford University. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles. , the "SEP" has nearly 1,600 published entries. Apart from its online status, the
3875988
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
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Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974


, the BAPCPA amended the Bankruptcy Code, by exempting most organized retirement plans, even those not subject to ERISA, and accorded them protected status, claimable as exempt property by a debtor declaring bankruptcy under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Now, most pension plans have the same protection as an ERISA anti-alienation clause giving these pensions the same protection as a spendthrift trust. The only remaining unprotected areas are the SIMPLE IRA and the SEP IRA. The SEP IRA is functionally similar to a self-settle trust, and a sound
18827831
Repton Abbey


as Werburgh, related to royalty. In 697 the abbey, when under the control of Abbess Alfthritha, was visited by St Guthlac, who wished to receive "the tonsure and religious dress, determined to do penance for his sins". Guthlac left the abbey to live a solitary life as a hermit. The abbey's crypt was constructed in the first half of the 8th century (before 740), and is thought to have originally been a baptistery, as it is built on top of a natural spring. It
14012065
St Guthlac's Church, Market Deeping


of 2013 the rector is the Reverend Philip Brent. On the south face of the tower is a limestone sundial inscribed with "The day is thine", with a similar sundial on the north face which bears the words "The Night cometh". The nave is supported on the south aisle by Norman arches, whereas those on the north aisle are later Gothic period. The church organ is Victorian. The stained glass windows in the chancel depict scenes of the life of the St Guthlac, including one in which he is
11627172
Guthlac poems A and B


. "Guthlac A" begins by reflecting on the transience of the goodness of creation, dwelling on the idea that humans are getting weaker in piety by the generation, and that those who uphold the laws of God are lessening in number. Furthermore, it is recognized as the tendency of the young man to forsake spirituality for earthly pursuits, while as an older man, he would be more aware of his mortality and turn to God. Those who serve their own earthly interests will mock those who strive towards higher heavenly grace
15814717
Æthelbald of Mercia


the Mercians and killed Penda in 656. It is possible that Eowa fought against Penda at Maserfield. During Æthelbald's youth, Penda's dynasty ruled Mercia; Ceolred, a grandson of Penda and therefore a second cousin of Æthelbald, was king of Mercia from 709 to 716. An early source, Felix's "Life of Saint Guthlac", reveals that it was Ceolred who drove Æthelbald into exile. Guthlac was a Mercian nobleman who abandoned a career of violence to become first a monk at Repton, and later a hermit
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Market Deeping


and the Market Deeping Community Primary School. The parish of Market Deeping falls within the Diocese of Lincoln and the town's Anglican church is dedicated to St Guthlac. It is situated on Church Street. It is the only church in the town although there are five in neighbouring Deeping St James namely: the Catholic Church of St Mary and Guthlac; Deepings Methodist Church, Deeping Baptist Church and the Open Door Baptist Church of the Deepings. The Deeping Stage Hotel is in Market Place is by the River Welland. Other Deeping pubs
469554
The Deepings School


King, Lennon, Newton, Radcliffe and Tudor. These names were decided upon through collaboration between pupils and the school governors. Houses competed, particularly in the annual school sports day. As of September 2013, the school adopted a new college system. Every pupil – including those already at the school – is now placed into one of three colleges: Priory, Guthlac and Welland. These are names based on the history of the badge: the boat in it represents St. Guthlac's boat as he sailed down the River Welland
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Beorhthelm of Stafford


have lived some time in the 8th century. The son of a Mercian king, he was a friend and pupil of Saint Guthlac. After Guthlac's death around 715, Beorthelm established a hermitage on the peninsula named Betheney. He is said to have converted many to Christianity, and reputedly was able to work miraculous cures through his prayers. The ill-will of jealous detractors, led him to relocate to Ilam, in Dovedale, Derbyshire where he eventually died. His shrine is in the Church of the Holy Cross,
6088535
Carfin Grotto


his devotion to the Little Flower, the Canon added a statue of St. Thérèse directly across from that of Our Lady of Lourdes. The shrine's statue to St. Thérèse was erected within weeks of her beatification in Rome by Pope Pius XI on 29 April 1923, an event which the Canon attended. The decision to erect the statue was controversial. Some pilgrims expressed the view that this "new" Saint's statue should not stand in such proximity to that of the Blessed Mother. The Canon took the unusual step of collecting
6449775
Starchitect


put forward a theory about how buildings and architects achieve canonic status. He argued that a building and its architect achieve iconic or canonic status after a period when various critics and historians build up an interpretation that then becomes unquestioned for a significant period. If the text itself receives canonical status, then the status of the architect is further endorsed. For example, in the first edition of Siegfried Giedion's book "Space Time and Architecture" (1949) the Finnish architect Alvar Aalto was not mentioned at all. In the second
6506486
Deeping St James


Drainage Board. The parish church of St James is part of the Elloe West Deanery of the Diocese of Lincoln. The 2013 incumbent is The Reverend Sonia Marshall. There is also the Catholic church of Our Lady and St Guthlac, and a Methodist and two Baptist chapels. With St Guthlac's church in Market Deeping, these comprise the Churches Together in Deeping group. The Deepings School, the main secondary school for the Deepings area, is located next to the Deeping St James Leisure Centre. The village has three public houses
14399146
Staffordshire Hoard


714), most likely composed in the 730s. The passage occurs in the context of Guthlac's meeting with Æthelbald, the later king of Mercia, in which the saint foretells that the king's enemy would "flee from your face". The parallel verse from Psalm 67 (Hebrew numbering 68), verse 2, occurs when Guthlac is driving away demons who appeared to him in a vision. Sharp (2016) has suggested the inscription shows angst in the face of a great threat and this could only have been
14578989
The Wolf-Sisters


growing Christian community should they gain more power. Written for "older readers", "The Wolf-Sisters" deals with the themes of slavery, internal conflict and the choice between what one wants to do and what one ought to do- in other words, Head vs. Heart. Kenelm begins his tale by telling of the hardships and misery he suffered during his time at the monastery, and of how he was gifted to the Christians by King Guthlac, his uncle, aged ten. The young Kenelm resents Guthlac and longs
18286586
Old English literature


in Anglo-Saxon England and this poem was instrumental in promoting it. "Guthlac" consists of two poems about the English 7th century Saint Guthlac. "Juliana" describes the life of Saint Juliana, including a discussion with the devil during her imprisonment. There are a number of partial Old English Bible translations and paraphrases surviving. The Junius manuscript contains three paraphrases of Old Testament texts. These were re-wordings of Biblical passages in Old English, not exact translations, but paraphrasing, sometimes into beautiful poetry in its own
2582113
Cult of saints in Anglo-Saxon England


and sometimes used complex Latin terminology, presupposes that their primary audience was ecclesiastical. In a few cases, some Old English translations were produced—there are Old English examples of Felix's "Life of St Guthlac" and Bede's "Life of St Chad"—which could allow these hagiographers to have had a wider audience. The "Life of Saint Guthlac" and Bede's "Life of St Cuthbert" for instance both provide a description of how to be a good monk or hermit. There are other stories within the hagiographies that
9702969
September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
5363349
Dev Dham Jodhpuriya


these, bhopas of Devnarayan make figures related to his birth and his brave deeds on a Thali while dancing. Bhadra Saptami Shukla Paksha (in the Month of Aug.-Sep.) Every Year and Second Festival in the month of Magha Saptami Krishna Paksha (in the Month of Jan.-Feb.) in Every Year The temple is decorated with various statues. These include statues representing the cousins of Devnarayan, Bhuna and Mehandu, along with their half-sister, Taradey Panwar. Other statues commemorate, Sawai Bhoj, Devnarayan as a child sitting
9145737
Privilege (canon law)


conferring the status of a graduate is the granting of a privilege, in that the recipient has received a positive favour not generally enjoyed by most people, but it also acted as a dispensation with the requirements of the canon law. Still, however they were justified, in canon law, the conferral of degrees or degree status gave substantial and substantive rights and privileges, and were not merely empty honours. In the event of degree status being conferred, the recipient was not deemed to hold the degree in question, but would
14539622
Crowland


the parish of Deeping St. Nicholas (in South Holland). The boundary follows Raisen's Dyke to the north, crossing Crowland Common. The north-west corner of the parish has a section of the Peterborough to Lincoln Line. The boundary follows eastwards, to the south, South Drove Drain and just to the north of Peacock's Farm and Law's Farm. The boundary crosses the Welland, then follows the New River to the east, to the north of Cloot House and Bank House Farm. To the north of
11978915
Ælfthryth of Crowland


Ælfthryth, also known as Alfreda or Etheldritha, is a saint, venerated in the Roman Catholic Church, as a virgin, and recluse. She was a daughter of King Offa of Mercia. According to a late and not very trustworthy legend she was betrothed to Saint Æthelberht, but when he came to the court of Offa to claim her, he was treacherously murdered by the contrivance of Cynethryth, Offa's queen. After this Ælfthryth retired to the marshes of Crowland Abbey. She was built into a cell about 793 and
5760802
Alfonso Coloma


Alfonso Coloma y Jasarte de Melo, (born in 1555- 20.4.1606) was a Spanish prelate and bishop, member of the House of Coloma. He is a son of don Juan IV Coloma y Cardona, 1st Count of Elda and a brother of Carlos Coloma. Like others in his family, be was knight of St. John of Jerusalem. His career started in Sevilla, where he was canon magistral. He was member of the holy Office of the inquisition , and became a royal consellor. On 27 Sep 1599 he was
20831620
Magdalene College, Cambridge


of John de Wisbech, then Abbot of Crowland. Under the patronage of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, the institution was renamed "Buckingham College". In the 16th century, the Church of England broke away from the Papacy. With the subsequent Dissolution of the Monasteries, the parent abbey of Buckingham College, Crowland Abbey, was dissolved. However, the college remained in operation. Walden Abbey, one of the Benedictine abbeys associated with Buckingham College, came into the possession of Thomas Audley after the Dissolution of the
20995836
Thurcytel


Eadred to become abbot of Crowland, which he has refounded and endowed with lands and treasures in 948. Pseudo-Ingulf's account indicates that Thuryctel died on 28 June 975. Thurcytel of Crowland has long been identified with the Thurcytel who was abbot of Bedford Abbey at about the same time. Lewis, however, notes that "the case is not clear-cut". This Thurcytel was a kinsman of Oscytel, Archbishop of York, and, thus, also of Oscytel's successor Oswald of Worcester. The "Anglo
2105021
The Beeps


Sapphire Stream S2/Ep45 Apr. 29 Wash Those Socks! S2/Ep46 Dec. 12 The Bumps SEASON 3: S3/Ep1 Aug. 30 Up Down Hill S3/Ep2 Aug. 31 Caravan S3/Ep3 Sep. 6 Secret Garden S3/Ep4 Sep. 7 Bounceflower Tea S3/Ep5 Sep. 13 The Whale S3/Ep6 Sep. 14 Soggy Sockroaches S3/Ep7 Sep. 20 Stinkroots S3/Ep8 Sep. 21 Sing-a-long-a-beeps S3/Ep9 Sep. 27 History Book S3/Ep10 Sep. 28 What Goes Splat? S3
14688027
Signal Transfer Point


. SEPs send signaling messages to other SEPs, but the messages are normally routed via the SEP's adjacent STPs. An STP's main function is to identify the best path for two SEPs to communicate. A typical application would be for two SEPs to agree on the use of a shared data path (e.g., using ISUP to initiate a voice call between a user on one SEP and a user on the second SEP). In this way, STPs route signaling messages (for starting, maintaining or finishing any kind of
21819468
A16 road (England)


agreed, avoiding Cowbit and Crowland and joining the A47 west of Eye, and in 2008 construction work began, originally due to be completed by Autumn 2010. The Northern of the new route opened between Spalding and the roundabout south of Crowland in Autumn 2010, with the opening of the Southern delayed due to structural problems at the embankment at Car Dyke Bridge. On completion of remedial repairs and the opening of the Southern portion on 16 October 2011, the new road was renumbered to form part of the A16; the original A1073
11167622
Croyland Chronicle


The Croyland or Crowland Chronicle is an important primary source for English medieval history, particularly the late 15th century. It is named for its place of origin, the Benedictine Abbey of Croyland or Crowland, in Lincolnshire, England. It was formerly also known as the Chronicle of Ingulf or Ingulphus after its supposed original compiler, the 11th-century abbot Ingulf. As that section of the text is now known to have been a later forgery, its author is instead known as Pseudo-Ingulf. The validity of the source itself
12317606
Trinity Bridge, Crowland


Trinity Bridge is a unique three-way stone arch bridge that stands at the heart of Crowland, Lincolnshire, England. While it once spanned the confluence of the River Welland and a tributary, the rivers have been re-routed and it now spans nothing significant. The current bridge dates to the 14th century (built between 1360 and 1390) and replaced previous wooden bridges. The earliest known mention of the bridge is by King Æthelbald of Mercia in 716. In 943 it was mentioned in a charter of Eadred. The
12455413
Trinity Bridge, Crowland


bridge is now a scheduled monument and Grade I listed. The bridge is predominantly built from Barnack stone, which was quarried about 16 km to the west of Crowland, and presumably transported by boat on the Welland. This bridge has three stairways that converge at the top. Originally it spanned the River Welland and a tributary that flowed through the town, although the rivers have been re-routed and no longer flow anywhere near the bridge. The bridge was an unusual and economical solution to the crossing of two watercourses at their
12455414
River Welland


was Lord of Deeping Fen during the reign of William the Conqueror erected a strong embankment to prevent flooding of the meadows adjoining the river, which then became fertile fields and a pleasure garden. During the reign of Henry III (1207–1272), complaints were made that of the two channels below Crowland, the one to Spalding was more favourable to the passage of barges, but the Abbot of Crowland had obstructed and narrowed its course by planting willow trees. In the fourteenth century, Spalding was charged with failing to scour and repair
17645460
Crowlands railway station


and the plans were ultimately shelved after the Second World War. Thus, today there is a relatively significant distance of on the line between Chadwell Heath and Romford stations. The platform foundations at Crowlands are still in existence in the undergrowth, although they are not visible from street level as the railway is on an embankment. Railway infrastructure in the area that was completed included a signal box just west of the station site, which closed in 1949 as part of the electrification project, as well an overhead electrification depot, to the
18010496
Donald Sharpe


Donald Sharpe (May 13, 1875 – May 11, 1966) was a farmer and political figure in Ontario. He represented Welland in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1914 to 1919 as a Conservative member. He was born in Willoughby township, the son of James Sharpe, of Scottish origin, and Sarah Wells, and was educated in Crowland township. In 1902, he married Bertha Hartley. He served on the councils for Crowland township and Thorold township and was reeve of Thorold from 1907 to 1913. Sharpe was also
21411280
Thomas Stiles


Thomas Stiles or Styles ("fl." 1642–1662) of Walton in the parish of Paston, Northamptonshire, was a captain in the Royalist army during the English Civil War. He was governor of Crowland in 1642–1643 and after a time as a prisoner, commander of a troop of horse based at Belvoir Castle. Crowland Abbey in Lincolnshire was garrisoned by Royalists in 1642, the first year of the Civil War. Captain Stiles was the first governor. At Oliver Cromwell's request he was imprisoned in Colchester Castle after the abbey
5363159
Crowland Abbey


under governor Thomas Stiles. After a short siege it was taken by Parliamentarian forces under the command of Oliver Cromwell in May 1643. and this appears to have been when serious damage was done to the abbey's structure. The nave roof fell in 1720, the main south wall was taken down in 1744. The north aisle of the nave was refurbished and remains in use as the parish church. Crowland is well known to historians as the probable home of the Croyland Chronicle of Pseudo-Ingulf, begun by one of its
5872817
Crowland Abbey


monks and continued by several other hands. The church contains a skull which is identified as the skull of the 9th century Abbot Theodore, who was killed at the altar by Vikings. The relic used to be on public view until it was stolen from its display case in 1982. The skull was returned anonymously in 1999. John Clare wrote a sonnet entitled 'Crowland Abbey', which was first published in "The Literary Souvenir" for 1828 and reprinted in his last book, "The Rural Muse" in 1835.
5872818
Crowland Abbey


The abbey has a small two manual pipe organ. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. Crowland Abbey is claimed to have been the first church in England – and among the first in the world – to have a tuned peal or ring of bells (circa 986). According to the "Croyland Chronicle", the Abbot Egelric, who died in 984, supplied the peal of bells: "He also had two large bells made, which he called Bartholomew and Bettelm; also
5872819
Coggeshall


names: Uggeshall, Cockfield, Cogshull, Cogges, Coxhall Knoll. Part of the Parish was known as Crowland; the Parish of Crowland in Lincolnshire has an area within it called Gogguslands. Coggeshall has been called "Sunnydon", referenced in 1224 as an alias for the town. Coggeshall dates back at least to an early Saxon settlement, though the area has been settled since the Mesolithic period. There is evidence of a Roman villa or settlement before then and the town lies on Stane Street, which may have been built
6650526