Inyo Mountains salamander [SEP] IUCN conservation status
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Inyo Mountains salamander


The Inyo Mountains salamander ("Batrachoseps campi") is an endangered species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae that is endemic to California in the western United States. It's specifically endemic to the Inyo Mountains and limited to about 5 known localities, located in Inyo County of eastern California. This salamander's natural habitats are the temperate Mojave Desert into Great Basin sagebrush shrubland ecotone, and freshwater spring riparian areas there, at elevations of . "Batrachoseps campi" eats small insects. The Inyo Mountains salamander was listed an IUCN Red
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Inyo Mountains


to be among the most important and best-known Late Proterozoic to Cambrian sections in the United States. Approximately of the range are designated as the Inyo Mountain Wilderness managed by the Bureau of Land Management. Much of the northern part of the range is within Inyo National Forest. Wildlife in the area includes the endangered Inyo Mountains Salamander and the Desert Bighorn Sheep. Plant communities include creosote and sagebrush at lower altitudes, and bristlecone pine forests at higher. A number of rare and endemic plants are adapted to the unique limestone soils
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Kern Plateau salamander


The Kern Plateau salamander, Batrachoseps robustus, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae, endemic to California, in Tulare and Inyo, and Kern Counties in the western United States. This salamander is endemic to three locations in the southern Sierra Nevada: in the upper Kern River's Kern Plateau; the western margin of the Owens Valley; and the Scodie Mountains, at elevations from . Its natural habitat is freshwater springs in the temperate coniferous forests and in higher Mojave Desert-Sierra forest ecotones. The Kern Plateau salamander
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Desmognathus fuscus


) lists its global status as Least Concern. In the province of Ontario, where the status of the Carolinian population of the northern dusky salamander is listed as Endangered, the northern dusky salamander is protected under the Ontario Endangered Species Act of 2007 and by the Ontario Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act. These acts protect its habitat and make it illegal to possess, harm or kill the species. In Ontario, a dusky salamander recovery team entitled the "Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamander and Northern Dusky Salamander Recovery Strategy" has also been established
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List of amphibians of Europe


This is a list of amphibians of Europe. It includes all amphibians currently found in Europe. It does not include species found only in captivity or extinct in Europe, except where there is some doubt about this, nor does it currently include species introduced in recent decades. Each species is listed, with its binomial name and notes on its distribution where this is limited. Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Family: Salamandridae (True Salamanders and Newts) Family: Hynobiidae (Asiatic salamanders) Family: Plethodontidae
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Cumberland dusky salamander


species of salamander occupy the same range as the Cumberland dusky salamander and it is believed to hybridize with the Allegheny Mountain dusky salamander ("Desmognathus ochrophaeus") and the Ocoee Salamander ("Desmognathus ocoee"). It is likely that the Cumberland dusky salamander feeds on small invertebrates found in leaf litter. It may itself be eaten by small mammals, birds and snakes and perhaps by other larger salamanders in the genus "Desmognathus". The Cumberland dusky salamander is listed as "Near Threatened" in the IUCN Red List of
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Junaluska salamander


small dots along the body and a robust build compared to the other salamanders in "Eurycea". The Junaluska salamander’s breeding habits tend to be in large streams where the eggs are laid and attached to the bottom of rocks in the streams where they are found. According to the overall conservation listing for IUCN, this species is listed as Vulnerable. Conservation acts are important in both North Carolina and Eastern Tennessee, since the population of this species in each state is so small. "Eurycea junaluska" has a brownish dorsum
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Oregon slender salamander


The Oregon slender salamander ("Batrachoseps wrighti") is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae from the Northwestern United States. The Oregon slender salamander is endemic to north-central Oregon, found particularly on the western slopes of the Cascade Range but also in some sites on the eastern slopes. The Oregon slender salamander is threatened by habitat loss and classified an IUCN Red List Vulnerable species. It is federally listed as a Species of Concern. The state of Oregon has listed it as sensitive in the Oregon Conservation Strategy.
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Long-toed salamander


stripe. An adult may also drop part of its tail and slink away while the tail bit acts as a squirmy decoy; this is called "autotomy". The regeneration and regrowth of the tail is one example of the developmental physiology of amphibians that is of great interest to the medical profession. While the long-toed salamander is classified as least concern by the IUCN, many forms of land development negatively affect the salamander's habitat and have put new perspectives and priorities into its conservation biology. Conservation priorities focus at the
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Salamander


of the at-risk categories established by the IUCN. Salamanders showed a significant diminution in numbers in the last few decades of the 20th century, although no direct link between the fungus and the population decline has yet been found. The IUCN made further efforts in 2005 as they established the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan (ACAP), which was subsequently followed by Amphibian Ark (AArk), Amphibian Specialist Group (ASG), and finally the umbrella organization known as the Amphibian Survival Alliance (ASA). Researchers also cite deforestation
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Four-toed salamander


seen in Canada, COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada) does not consider "H. scutatum" to be at risk. It is also listed as a species of least concern by the IUCN (The World Conservation Union) due to the wide distribution and assumed large population. But it is at risk in some provinces such as in Quebec (S3 Rare in the province; usually between 20 and 100 occurrences in the province; may have fewer occurrences, but with a large number of individuals in some
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Sacramento Mountain salamander


springtails, snails and spiders. It is itself preyed on by the western terrestrial garter snake ("Thamnophis elegans"). Breeding takes place in the summer with eggs being laid in small clutches inside rotten logs and stumps and also possibly in underground cavities. The larvae undergo direct development in the eggs with fully formed miniature salamanders hatching out measuring about in snout to vent length. The Sacramento Mountain salamander is assessed as being of "Least Concern" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is common in the areas
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Narrow-headed garter snake


diet includes dace, chubs, and both native and introduced trout. They might occasionally prey on salamanders. The snake has declined in parts of its range, but the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classified it as of "Least concern" because of its wide range, presumably large population, and because the rate of decline is not high. However, its status in Mexico is poorly known; were it in a decline there, it might qualify for a category of higher risk. The decline is
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Atlantic Coast slimy salamander


The Atlantic Coast slimy salamander ("Plethodon chlorobryonis") is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the United States, where it is distributed throughout the Southeastern United States from southeastern Virginia to northern Georgia. It is largely distributed along the Atlantic coastal plain, although it enters the Piedmont in Virginia and South Carolina and enters the Blue Ridge Mountains in Georgia. Its habitat is largely restricted to bottomland hardwood forest. While its conservation status is considered Secure by NatureServe, declines have been noted in all
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List of critically endangered amphibians


are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN. While the category of "data deficient" indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed." This is a complete list of critically endangered amphibian species evaluated by the IUCN. Species considered possibly extinct by the IUCN are marked as such. There are 79 salamander species assessed as critically
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List of data deficient amphibians


As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 1567 data deficient amphibian species. 24% of all evaluated amphibian species are listed as data deficient. No subpopulations of amphibians have been evaluated by the IUCN. This is a complete list of data deficient amphibian species and subspecies as evaluated by the IUCN. Where possible common names for taxa are given while links point to the scientific name used by the IUCN. There are 56 salamander species assessed as data deficient. There are 1396 frog species assessed
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Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada


in Canada) and 15 wildlife species that are Extinct (X). The other category is not at risk (NAR). COSEWIC provides online updated status reports on designated species. COSEWIC bases its quantitative criteria for species' status assessment on the revised IUCN Red List, the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. COSEWIC provides International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's main authority on the conservation status of species, with a Regional Red List. IUCN.
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Junaluska salamander


clutch. Clutch sizes range from 30 to 50 eggs. The larvae are completely aquatic until they metamorphose into adults. The larvae can easily be distinguished as other "Eurycea" species, so it is important to distinguish them correctly. A successful method of discovering the larvae is by using leaf mats placed in the streams underneath or near rocks. This allowed surveyors to receive data on the egg clutches and adult salamanders. According to the IUCN, the species is declared vulnerable overall. The main conservation threat to the junaluska salamanders is
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Vranica


On the northern shore one finds a settlement of typical wooden shepherd huts which unfortunately in recent years has grown oversized with illegal recreational sheds that threaten the vulnerable eco-system. Prokoško Jezero received a protected status in 2005 based on IUCN criteria, when it was declared a Monument of Nature by the BiH authorities. Despite these protective measures, it is not clear whether pollution connected to over-recreation will have become entirely fatal for the salamander. The Vranica mountains were only on the edges affected by combat during the 1992-1995
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Clouded salamander


, emerging as juveniles in about two months, thus bypassing the free-living larval stage. One or both parents may provide care for the eggs before they hatch. The clouded salamander is listed as "near threatened" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This is because numbers seem to be declining and this may be associated with changes in forest management. This salamander's favored microhabitat of tree stumps and coarse woody decaying debris are being replaced by changes in forestry practices. However, plans to conserve the spotted owl
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Siskiyou Mountains salamander


It is nocturnal, prefers cool, moist environments, and is most active during rainfall or high humidity. It stays underground during hot periods and freezes. "Plethodon stormi" is an IUCN Red List endangered species in California. Logging and damming have reduced its habitat. In 2005, researchers discovered through genetic analysis that a larger, darker variant of this salamander is in fact a separate species. It has been named the Scott Bar salamander ("Plethodon asupak"). Other prominent amphibians within the range of "P. stormi
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Imitator salamander


small invertebrates and undergo metamorphosis into juveniles around 10 months old. The imitator salamander is listed as "least concern" by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, because, although the total size of the population is unknown, the number of salamanders seems to be stable. The species is offered some protection because most of its range is inside the boundaries of national parks, but a small separate population on Waterrock Knob is threatened by local extinction. The Great Smoky Mountains have a high deposition of acid rain, but no evidence
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Great Basin


and Range ecoregion. Great Basin wildlife includes pronghorn, mule deer, mountain lion, and lagomorphs such as black-tailed jackrabbit and desert cottontail and the coyotes that prey on them. Packrats, kangaroo rats and other small rodents are also common, and are predominantly nocturnal. Elk and bighorn sheep are present but uncommon. Small lizards such as the Great Basin fence lizard, longnose leopard lizard and horned lizard are common, especially in lower elevations. Rattlesnakes and gopher snakes are also present. The Inyo Mountains salamander is endangered.
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Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve


, Steller's jay, the common raven, and Townsend's chipmunk are among animals often seen in the park. Less commonly sighted are the black bear, cougar, northern flying squirrel, and Pacific giant salamander. Springs and other wet places support flatworms, frogs, and snails. Animal species in the park with special conservation status are the northern spotted owl, California mountain kingsnake, tailed frog, Del Norte salamander, northern goshawk, olive-sided flycatcher, little willow flycatcher, Siskiyou gazelle beetle, and Pacific fisher.
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Taylor's salamander


Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has rated it as being "critically endangered". It was described in 1982 by Brandon, Maruska, and Rumph, and named for Edward Harrison Taylor (1889–1978), an American herpetologist. However, the species had been known to science long before then. Taylor himself attempted to describe the species as "Ambystoma subsalsum" in 1943, but mistakenly used a Mexican or plateau tiger salamander as the holotype. This rendered the name invalid, and made it into a synonym for the
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Chamula mountain brook frog


themselves to the substrate. The total area of occupancy of the Chamula mountain brook frog is less than and it is only known from five locations. The montane cloud forests where it lives are under threat from human activities, and although this is quite a common species where it is found, populations of these frogs are thought to be declining. Another possible threat is the fungal disease of amphibians, chytridiomycosis. For these reasons, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed the conservation status of this frog as
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Bladen Nature Reserve


been recorded there), a further four are considered to be of international concern (IUCN Red List) – the endangered Sanderson's rainfrog ("Eleutherodactylus sandersoni"), and the near threatened Doflein's salamander ("Bolitoglossa dofleini"), broadhead rainfrog ("Craugastor laticeps"), and blue-spotted Mexican tree frog ("Smilisca cyanosticta"). A series of expeditions in Bladen in 2011 is expected to confirm the presence of some or all of these species. Bladen's status as an IUCN category 1a
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Desmognathus fuscus


of the species in Mount Saint-Hellaire National Park in Quebec, as well as other areas. Vulnerability to extirpation is further heightened when the species relies on a single watershed. Such is the case of the Ontario population of the northern dusky salamander. The species is also threatened through the introduction of predatory fish, such as Brook Trout. The northern dusky salamander is listed as endangered in Ontario and is declining in many parts of the United States yet some populations remain stable. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN
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International Union for Conservation of Nature


Unlike other environmental organisations, IUCN does not itself aim to directly mobilize the general public. Education has been part of IUCN's work program since the early days but the focus is on stakeholder involvement and strategic communication rather than mass-campaigns. IUCN runs field projects for habitat and species conservation around the world. It produces the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems which in a similar way measures risks to ecosystems. The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is a global standard to assess the conservation status
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Limestone salamander


-covered limestones outcroppings, chaparral, under rocks and logs in moist environments. During dry weather it stays underground in caves and rock crevices. The limestone salamander is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN, mostly because it is known from fewer than five locations (where the species appears to be uncommon but not rare). Under the Department of the Interior, US Fish and Wildlife, its Federal listing status is currently under review. The species is listed as Threatened by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife under the State Endangered
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Conservation biology


they sustain. Aldo Leopold was a classical thinker and writer on such conservation ethics whose philosophy, ethics and writings are still valued and revisited by modern conservation biologists. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has organized a global assortment of scientists and research stations across the planet to monitor the changing state of nature in an effort to tackle the extinction crisis. The IUCN provides annual updates on the status of species conservation through its Red List. The IUCN Red List serves as an international conservation tool to identify those
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Rich Mountain salamander


by the female and hatch directly into juvenile salamanders without any intervening larval stage. The juveniles occupy the same habitat as the adults and both feed among the leaf litter on small invertebrates such as insects and their larvae, worms and spiders. They are largely nocturnal but sometimes move about by day in wet weather. The adults may aestivate from May till September though the juveniles remain active for at least part of this time. In the winter they probably hibernate and the females probably only breed every alternate year. In the IUCN Red
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Salamander


, agricultural activities, and human settlement reduce their often tiny, fragmented ranges. Survey work is being undertaken to assess the status of these salamanders, and to better understand the factors involved in their population declines, with a view to taking action. "Ambystoma mexicanum", an aquatic salamander, is a species protected under the Mexican UMA (Unit for Management and conservation of wildlife) as of April 1994. However, there are a number of factors that work against their preservation and conservation methods. The most profound factors are
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Whitetop Mountain (conservation area)


on the north side of Whitetop Mountain with the greatest known diversity of salamanders for any area on earth of comparable size. The pygmy salamander, shovelnose salamander and Weller's salamander are found here. Several stands of old growth forest have been identified on the southern side of the area. Frazer Fir and red spruce are found at the summit of Whitetop, while beech and maple are dominant below 4700 feet. Six streams in the area, Daves Branch, Big Branch, Pennington Branch, Helton Creek, Whitetop Creek , and Sturgill
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Conservation status


use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the best known worldwide conservation status listing and ranking system. Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation. Also included are species that have gone extinct since 500 CE. When discussing the IUCN Red List, the official term "threatened" is a grouping of three categories: critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable. The Convention on
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North African fire salamander


, in the form of secreted fluids and are considered viviparous. This results in fifteen or so larvae which are deposited in streams or pools. Although locally common in places, the North African fire salamander is rare in others and has a fragmented distribution range. The main threat it faces is the destruction of its forest habitat. Other threats include the channelling of the forest streams for irrigation, overgrazing by livestock, and collection of the salamanders for the pet trade. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status
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Nepenthes bicalcarata


level. The conservation status of "N. bicalcarata" is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species based on an assessment carried out in 2000. In 1997, Charles Clarke informally classified the species as Near Threatened based on the IUCN criteria. This agrees with the conservation status assigned to "N. bicalcarata" by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. The two thorns that give "N. bicalcarata" its name are unique to this species and bear some of the largest nectaries in the plant kingdom. The purpose of
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Atalaya (plant)


underground woody rootstocks. In South Africa three species grow naturally. The scarcity of "A. natalensis" trees and their restricted range has received the global conservation status (IUCN) of "vulnerable D2". "A. capensis" has a global conservation status (IUCN) listing also, of "Lower Risk / conservation dependent" . In Papua New Guinea "A. papuana" grows naturally in coast monsoon dune scrub (coastal rainforests on dune soils that become seasonally dry, with deciduous trees), tropical savanna forests and in regenerating
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Bongo (antelope)


Near Threatened on the conservation status scale. The eastern or mountain bongo, "T. e. isaaci", of Kenya, has a coat even more vibrant than that of "T. e. eurycerus". The mountain bongo is only found in the wild in one remote region of central Kenya. This bongo is classified by the IUCN Antelope Specialist Group as Critically Endangered, with more specimens in captivity than in the wild. In 2000, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in the USA (AZA) upgraded the bongo to a Species
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Bristlecone pine


an intrinsically low rate of reproduction and regeneration, and it is thought that under present climatic and environmental conditions the rate of regeneration may be insufficient to sustain its population. The species are on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list. The species are labeled under Least Concern (LC), the justification for this being that no subpopulations for Great Basin bristlecone pines are decreasing. Subpopulations seem to be increasing or remaining stable. Many bristlecone pine habitats have been protected, including the Inyo National Forest's Ancient
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World Commission on Protected Areas


The World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) is one of six commissions of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). In 1948, the IUCN established a Committee on National Parks. Two decades later the IUCN had been asked by the international community to take responsibility for preparing a world list of national parks in keeping with its role as a network to share the world’s knowledge on nature conservation, and in 1960, the IUCN raised the status of the Committee to that of a permanent Commission, with
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IUCN Red List of Ecosystems


The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems (RLE) is a global framework for monitoring and documenting the status of ecosystems. It was developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as part of the growing toolkit for biodiversity risk assessment. Its main objective is to support conservation, resource use, and management decisions by evaluating all the world's ecosystems by 2025. The Red List of Ecosystem was developed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's leading authority on the subject and the same entity
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Camas pocket gopher


lupines. Citing concerns of urbanization, habitat loss and active attempts at eradication, NatureServe assesses the camas pocket gophers' conservation status as vulnerable. The conservation status of the camas pocket gopher is classified as "least concern" by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Species Programme, with a stable population trend. The IUCN notes that the gopher is common in its range; studies indicate that populations can recover rapidly after traps are removed from an area, and the species may adapt well to environmental changes. The
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Chinese giant salamander


that preceded this new Chinese perspective on conservation were not only beneficial to the Chinese giant salamander, but all organisms that occupied the natural environment of China. There was a formation of a new administrative system for nature conservation, which came together in the late 1950s. This new structure was able to establish new regulations that aimed at being successful in educating the masses about the value and significance of nature conservation, promoting awareness on the present status of various species, as well as prohibiting anti-conservation efforts such as hunting and trading
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Nepenthes hamiguitanensis


Hamiguitan may differ. The describing authors assessed the conservation status of "N. hamiguitanensis" as Vulnerable based on the IUCN criteria. They pointed out that "N. hamiguitanensis" is far more localised than "N. micramphora" and "N. peltata", which occur at several sites on the mountain and are represented by larger populations. Mount Hamiguitan forms part of the Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary National Park and visitors are only permitted to climb the mountain with the assistance of a guide. The future of wild populations of "N. hamiguitanensis
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IUCN Red List


The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. A series of
19930289
International Union for Conservation of Nature


its focus beyond conservation ecology and now incorporates issues related to sustainable development in its projects. Unlike many other international environmental organisations, IUCN does not itself aim to mobilize the public in support of nature conservation. It tries to influence the actions of governments, business and other stakeholders by providing information and advice, and through building partnerships. The organization is best known to the wider public for compiling and publishing the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide. IUCN has a membership of over 1400
13568847
International Union for Conservation of Nature


governmental and non-governmental organizations. Some 16,000 scientists and experts participate in the work of IUCN commissions on a voluntary basis. It employs approximately 1000 full-time staff in more than 50 countries. Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland. IUCN has observer and consultative status at the United Nations, and plays a role in the implementation of several international conventions on nature conservation and biodiversity. It was involved in establishing the World Wide Fund for Nature and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. In the past, IUCN has been criticized
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International Union for Conservation of Nature


Council of Europe. In 1961, at the request of United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the United Nations Economic and Social Council, IUCN published the first global list of national parks and protected areas which it has updated ever since. IUCN's best known publication, the Red Data Book on the conservation status of species, was first published in 1964. IUCN began to play a part in the development of international treaties and conventions, starting with the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
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Hollandaea diabolica


diabolica" affinity was subsequently found south of Mount Bellenden Ker but collections were only of sterile material and not yet fertile and fruiting material. They may grow naturally only in the restricted mountains areas reported, further field work will clarify this. For the restricted, disjunct and small known populations of these trees, the authorities of their 2012 species naming, Andrew Ford and Peter Weston, recommend the conservation status of vulnerable according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria, "under categories VU, D1 and D2
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Southern two-lined salamander


. The Southern two-lined Salamander is found in the Southeast United States except for peninsular Florida. It has been noted by researchers that as the watersheds are being urbanized the capacity of streams to be habitable for Southern two-lined salamanders decreases. Although this species is not in a concerned status for conservation, it has been recommended that unbreached buffers be created in streams to preserve the habitat for this species. Server, David M. Comments on the Taxonomy and Morphology of Two-Lined Salamanders of the Eurycea Bislineata Complex. Chicago
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Anwaruddin Choudhury


which in itself is a major conservation achievement. He is a member of IUCN/SSC Asian Elephant, Asian Rhino, Asian Wild Cattle, Bear, Cat Specialist Groups, and IUCN/SSC/BLI Waterbird and Galliformes Specialist Groups. In addition he is a member of IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group’s South Asian Network and was also with IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding and Small Carnivore Specialist Groups in the 1980s and 1990s, Choudhury went to the remote Himalayan region in Arunachal Pradesh and Bhutan, and to the mountainous regions
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Slender salamander


Slender salamander is the name often given to Plethodontid (lungless) salamanders of the genus Batrachoseps. They are distinguished from other lungless salamanders by their four toes on each foot. Their mature red blood cells have no nucleus, which is a trait that is only known to occur in mammals and certain species of fish. Their range is from Oregon and California (USA) to northern Baja California (Mexico). Batracho-seps means "frog-lizard". Their main diet consists of small insects, such as springtails,
16301665
Nepenthes spathulata


. It is somewhat reminiscent of the highland heath forests around Bareo in Sarawak, Borneo. Due to the patchy distribution of "N. spathulata", its conservation status is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, Charles Clarke suggests a revised status of Conservation Dependent based on the IUCN criteria. The closest relative of "N. spathulata" appears to be "N. singalana". It differs from this species in having a peristome that is contracted towards the front and very wide at the sides.
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Regional Red List


A Regional Red List (RRL) is a report of the threatened status of species within a certain country or region. It is based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, an inventory of the conservation status of species on a global scale. Regional Red Lists assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit and therefore may feed directly into national and regional planning. This project is coordinated by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and partners in national governments
544308
Inyo County, California


name for the mountains in its former homeland. Actually the name came to be thought of, mistakenly, as the name of the mountains to the east of the Owens Valley when the first whites there asked the local Paiutes what the name of the mountains to the east was. The local Paiutes responded that that was the land of Inyo. They meant by this that those lands belonged to the Shoshone tribe headed by a man whose name was Inyo. Inyo was the name of the headman of the Panamint band of Paiute-
2675121
Northwestern salamander


at Crater Lake, Oregon; the population is syntopic with "Taricha granulosa". Terrestrial adults live in mesic habitats ranging from grasslands to mesophytic forests. Terrestrial adults are mostly fossorial, and are usually active on the surface only during fall rains and spring migrations to their aquatic breeding sites. However, they can sometimes be found under logs and other surface debris outside of the breeding season. The conservation status of "Ambystoma gracile" populations is unknown. No declines are apparent in Canada. In the Cascade Mountains of Washington,
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Inyo County, California


Inyo County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,546. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,397 km), Inyo County is the second-largest county
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Regional Red List


, universities and organizations throughout the world. Regional Red Lists may assist countries or regions in: The IUCN Categories and Criteria were initially designed to assess the conservation status of species globally, however there was a demand for guidelines to apply the system at the regional level. In 2003, IUCN developed a set of transparent, quantitative criteria to assess the conservation status of species at the regional and national level. This approach is now being applied in many countries throughout the world. Recently, Regional Red Lists have been completed for Mongolian
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Endangered species


An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct in the near future. Endangered (EN), as categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, is the second most severe conservation status for wild populations in the IUCN's schema after  (CR). In 2012, the IUCN Red List featured 3,079 animal and 2,655 plant species as endangered (EN) worldwide. The figures for 1998 were, respectively, 1,102 and 1,197. Many nations have laws that
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Georgia blind salamander


The Georgia blind salamander (Haideotriton wallacei) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae (the "lungless salamanders"). It is endemic to the southeastern United States where its natural habitats are inland karsts, caves and subterranean habitats (other than caves). It is listed as "Vulnerable" by the IUCN and is threatened by habitat loss. ("Haideotriton" is considered synonymous with "Eurycea" by some experts.) The Georgia blind salamander was previously considered a member of the genus "Eurycea",
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List of critically endangered mammals


a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN. While the category of "data deficient" indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed." This is a complete list of critically endangered mammalian species and subspecies evaluated by the IUCN.
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Gyrinophilus palleucus necturoides


Gyrinophilus palleucus necturoides, the Big Mouth Cave salamander, a lungless salamander, is a subspecies of the Tennessee cave salamander ("Gyrinophilus palleucus"). The Big Mouth Cave salamander lives in Big Mouth Cave and other caves in the Elk River drainage basin in Grundy County and Coffee County, Tennessee. The salamander was first described by Lazell and Brandon in 1962. While the TNC rates the Big Mouth Cave salamander as "critically imperiled", IUCN claims it is only "vulnerable". A study in 2007 by Brian T.
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Spring salamander


swamps, freshwater marshes, freshwater springs, inland karsts, and caves. In addition to insects, worms, and other small invertebrates, the fairly large spring salamander may also consume smaller stream dwelling salamanders such as two-lined and dusky salamanders. Although deforestation is a potential threat, the spring salamander occurs in many protected areas and is not listed as threatened in the IUCN Red List. Like all members of the family Plethodontidae these salamanders have a nasolabial groove. The subspecies "G. p. porphyriticus" and "G. p. duryi
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List of critically endangered arthropods


As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 394 critically endangered arthropod species, including 86 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 4.1% of all evaluated arthropod species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists three arthropod subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of arthropods have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 2875 arthropod species (30% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
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List of critically endangered molluscs


As of September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 581 critically endangered mollusc species, including 117 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 8.0% of all evaluated mollusc species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists 11 mollusc subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of molluscs have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 1988 mollusc species (27% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
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List of critically endangered insects


As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 195 critically endangered insect species, including 46 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 3.2% of all evaluated insect species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists two insect subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of insects have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 1702 insect species (28% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
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List of critically endangered invertebrates


As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 987 critically endangered invertebrate species, including 206 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 5.5% of all evaluated invertebrate species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists 14 invertebrate subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of invertebrates have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 5278 invertebrate species (29% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
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Westgard Pass


Westgard Pass (el. 7,313 ft. / 2,229 m.) is a narrow gap between the White Mountains and Inyo Mountains ranges in the Basin and Range Province of eastern California. Westgard Pass lies entirely within the Inyo National Forest, in northern Inyo County, California. State Route 168 crosses the pass, connecting the Owens Valley to Deep Springs Valley. Route 168 is the only (paved) east-west route across the Inyo-White Mountains. The highway is known for its pristine scenery and grand vistas. The pass
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International Union for Conservation of Nature


1974) and its formal standing and influence increased. A grant from the Ford Foundation in 1969 enabled it to boost its secretariat and expand operations. During the 1960s, IUCN lobbied the UN General Assembly to create a new status for NGOs. Resolution 1296, adopted in 1968, granted 'consultative' status to NGOs. IUCN itself was eventually accredited with six UN organizations. IUCN was one of the few environmental organisations formally involved in the preparations of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm, 1972). The
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Livingstone National Park


species conservation Act 1995). Along with international recognition under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2004). Identifying the habitat of, and monitoring its condition, is an important conservation action in the National recovery plan for the Swift Parrot. The protection status of Livingstone National Park means management is consistent with and intends to deliver the actions in recovery plans for conserving the Swift Parrots overwintering ground, when it leaves breeding grounds in Tasmania and disperses widely over the mainland, from
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Pethia cumingii


and Flora of Sri Lanka, IUCN Sri Lanka. IUCN, (2000); The 1999 list of threatened fauna and flora of Sri Lanka, IUCN Sri Lanka. IUCN, (2000); The Fauna of Sri Lanka Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation, IUCN Sri Lanka. Perera, N., (2002); Preliminary Survey of Upper Attanagalu River basin in South West Ichthyological Zone of Sri Lanka, SRI LANKA NATURALIST, JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY AND NATURE, Young Zoologist’s Association of Sri Lanka. Pethiyagoda, R.
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Frederick Yeh


sea turtle conservation efforts in Hawaii. According to the global authority on nature conservation, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the sea turtles of the Hawaiian Islands were also once under the threat of near extinction, but are now thriving and their conservation status reclassified as "Least Concern" according to the IUCN Red List. Thus, Yeh established Sea Turtles 911 under Hawaiian jurisdiction, and changed the course of his life by moving to China to save the sea turtles he had hopelessly witnessed being sold, earning
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Rodrigues flying fox


a few hundred in total in the wild, and the bat is classified as endangered by the IUCN. The Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust has undertaken a successful captive breeding program, and there are now colonies in several zoos. Due to its imperiled status, it is identified by the Alliance for Zero Extinction as a species in danger of imminent extinction. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. In 2017, the IUCN determined that this species now has
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Whale conservation


the North Atlantic Ocean around Greenland, Iceland, and Norway. There is no information about fin whales in areas outside of the Northern Atlantic, where they still hold the status of being endangered. A complete list of whale conservation statuses as listed by the IUCN is given below. Note that, in the case of the blue and gray whales, the IUCN distinguishes the statuses of various populations. These populations, while not regarded as separate species, are considered sufficiently important in terms of conservation. *Atlantic population of gray whale
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Mountain weasel


. The most common area for this species, however, is Ladakh, India. The conservation status, according to the IUCN, is near threatened because it is considered to be in significant decline and requires monitoring mainly because of habitat and resource loss. Sexual dimorphism is slight in the Altai weasel. The male body length from head to base of the tail is about , with the tail adding about . Males can weigh . Females are slightly smaller, with their head and body lengths measuring around , with their tails adding ,
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Chinese giant salamander


funding and personnel, poaching, development of tourism, etc. Few believe that even with the major losses already suffered, the situation can still be turned around through proper protection of the Chinese giant salamander habitats, nesting sites, prevention of pollution from surface runoff, banning of certain hunting methods, and an assessment of irrigation work with nature reserves. Some believe that there also need to be more surveys carried out that institutes the conservation status and demography of the salamander, as well as having a holistic view of the life history
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North Creek (conservation area)


not included in the inventoried roadless areas, and therefore not protected from possible road construction and timber sales. There have been numerous proposed timber sales in the area. Notice for the Stave Hollow-Colon Hollow-Thomas Mountain Timbers sale was given in 1993. The Parkers Gap timber sale of 145 acres, with construction of spur roads, was approved in 2003. Environmental groups objected to the sale because of its location in the Peaks of Otter salamander conservation area, the habitat of one of the rarest salamanders in North America.
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Pyrenean brook salamander


The Pyrenean brook salamander or Pyrenean newt (; ; ), Calotriton asper, is a largely aquatic species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. It is found in the Pyrenees of Andorra, France, and Spain. The IUCN lists it as "near threatened" due to habitat loss. The Pyrenean brook salamander grows to about in length, half of which is the laterally flattened tail. The females are usually larger than the males. The body is sturdy with a flattened head and small eyes, and the limbs are short.
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List of amphibians of Alabama


The U.S. state of Alabama has 73 known indigenous amphibian species. These indigenous species include 30 frog and toad species and 43 salamander species. Two of these native species may have become extirpated within the state. They are the Mississippi gopher frog and flatwoods salamander. Human predation, pollution, and habitat destruction has placed several amphibian species at risk of extirpation or extinction. The Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources lists the conservation status of each species within the state with a rank of lowest, low, moderate, high, and
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Phacelia inyoensis


Phacelia inyoensis, the common name Inyo phacelia, is an uncommon species of phacelia. It is endemic to California, in Inyo and Mono Counties, often within the Inyo National Forest. It is known only from the Eastern Sierra Nevada, Inyo Mountains, and White Mountains, and valley meadows between them. It grows in meadows on alkaline soils. "Phacelia inyoensis" is an annual herb growing up to about 10 centimeters high with a basal array of lobed rounded or oval leaves on short petioles. It is glandular and coated
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African savanna hare


Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, and Zambia. The IUCN has listed its conservation status as being of "least concern". The African savanna hare is a medium-sized species growing to a length of between with a weight of between . The ears have black tips, the dorsal surface of head and body is greyish-brown, the flanks and limbs are reddish-brown and the underparts are white. The general colouring is richer in tone than other hares, especially in mountain regions where the hares
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Nepenthes hamata


is found in lower and upper montane mossy forest and among scrub vegetation on mountain ridges and summits. In such habitats it experiences high relative humidity and often partially shady conditions. It is known to occasionally form natural hybrids with "N. glabrata" and "N. tentaculata". The wild cross with "N. glabrata" was first reported by Ch'ien Lee in December 2006. The conservation status of "N. hamata" is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, based on an assessment carried out in 2000. In 2009,
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Manchurian hare


The Manchurian hare ("Lepus mandshuricus") is a species of hare found in northeastern China and Russia, the Amur River basin, and the higher mountains of northern Korea. It lives in forests and the IUCN has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern". The adult Manchurian hare weighs about 2 kilograms, and has a body length of , in addition to a tail of . The ears are typically 7.5–10.4 centimeters in length. Compared to the Korean hare, its hind legs are relatively short and its
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Pacific shrew


rare sight. It is very likely that their numbers are more than 10,000. In all likelihood, their population size has not decreased over twenty five percent over a long period of time. According to the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) they are of least concern. They are doing very well in numbers. This might be because there have been no major threats recognized. They are nocturnal so their main predators are owls, but they have been known to be caught by salamanders. Although they are not threatened
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Plains rat


' by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the IUCN conservation status for the species is 'vulnerable'. The name "Pseudomys" comes from the combined form of the Greek word "pseudes" (meaning "false") and the Latin word "mys" (meaning "mouse"), presumably because of the plains rat's puzzling similarities and differences to "true mice" in the genus "mus". The name "australis" comes from the Latin word "australis" (
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Mono–Inyo Craters


or horizontal movement has occurred along them. Most notable among these is "Earthquake Fault", a fissure up to wide that cuts into glassy rhyolite lava flows. The fissure was formed by stretching induced by the intrusion of the Inyo dike. Stairs to the bottom of the fissure were removed after being damaged by earthquakes in 1980. Several Mono–Inyo-related explosion pits are on Mammoth Mountain. The Red Cones, south of Mammoth Mountain, are basaltic cinder cones and are the southernmost part of the Mono–Inyo Craters
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Perityle inyoensis


Perityle inyoensis, known by the common names Inyo rockdaisy and Inyo laphamia, is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family. It is endemic to Inyo County in eastern California. It is known from just 10 populations in the southern Inyo Mountains, at elevations of . Its habitat is dry, rocky mountain slopes, often in limestone. "Perityle inyoensis" is a subshrub made up of a cluster of several hairy slender stems up to about 25 centimeters long. The hairy, glandular leaves are one or two centimeters
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Newt


habitat in any way. The IUCN Red List categorises the species as ‘lower risk’ Although the other UK species, the smooth newt and palmate newt are not listed, the sale of either species is prohibited under the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981. In Europe, nine newts are listed as "strictly protected fauna species" under appendix II of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats: The remaining European species are listed as "protected fauna species" under appendix III. Newts, as with salamanders
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Stenogomphurus consanguis


Stenogomphurus consanguis, the Cherokee clubtail, is a species of clubtail dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is endemic to the southeastern United States, found in small rivers and streams. The IUCN conservation status of "Stenogomphurus consanguis" is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018. The species had a Red List assessment of "rare" from 1986 to 1994, "vulnerable" in 1996, and "endangered" in 2007. There are
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Phanogomphus sandrius


Phanogomphus sandrius, the Tennessee clubtail, is a species of clubtail dragonflies in the family Gomphidae. It is found in the United States, in nine locations of central Tennessee. The IUCN conservation status of "Phanogomphus sandrius" is "VU", vulnerable. The species faces a high risk of endangerment in the medium term, with a decreasing population. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018. "Phanogomphus sandrius" was assessed as "endangered" in 1996 and "vulnerable" in 2007. "Phanogomphus sandrius" was recently
16664709
Gomphurus septima


Gomphurus septima, or Septima's clubtail, is a species of clubtail dragonflies in the family Gomphidae. The IUCN conservation status of "Gomphurus septima" is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018. "Gomphurus septima" was recently considered a member of the genus "Gomphus", but in 2017 it became a member of the genus "Gomphurus" when "Gomphurus" was elevated from subgenus to genus rank.
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Regional Red List


this regional network there will be opportunities to learn from each other’s experiences in applying the IUCN Categories and Criteria and in using this information for conservation planning and priority setting. Two public bodies in Britain, Natural England and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC), have produced British Red Data Books and other reviews of different plants and animals assigning their conservation status according to IUCN Red Data Book criteria. In 2016 the JNCC produced a spreadsheet which incorporated these reviews and lists of threatened species based on other crieteria such as Biodiversity
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Mono–Inyo Craters


tours can all be obtained at either location. U.S. 395 is a scenic route that roughly parallels the Mono–Inyo Craters volcanic chain. California State Route 120 provides access to the northern and eastern parts of the Mono Domes, including Panum Crater. Mammoth Scenic Loop (also called Dry Creek Road), provides access to the Inyo Crater lakes and some of the Inyo domes. The town of Mammoth Lakes, located near the southern end of the chain and Mammoth Mountain, is the largest populated area nearby. Mammoth Mountain Ski
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Endangered species


protect conservation-reliant species: for example, forbidding hunting, restricting land development or creating protected areas. Population numbers, trends and species' conservation status can be found at the lists of organisms by population. The conservation status of a species indicates the likelihood that it will become extinct. Many factors are considered when assessing the status of a species; e.g., such statistics as the number remaining, the overall increase or decrease in the population over time, breeding success rates, or known threats. The IUCN Red List of
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Himalayan pika


a small mammal about long and very similar in appearance to Royle's pika. It is particularly active early in the morning and again at nightfall and feeds on various types of plant material. It produces litters of three or four young. The Himalayan pika lives in remote mountainous areas where it has little association with man. No particular threats have been identified and the International Union for Conservation of Nature list it as being of "least concern". The IUCN advocates that more research should be undertaken on its ecology and population status
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Andean mountain cat


of one or two offspring born in the spring and summer months. This is common with many other species that also have their young when food resources are increasing. In 2002 the status of the Andean cat was moved from Vulnerable to Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Due to the Andean cat's habitat being spread across four countries, biologists have attempted to collaborate in efforts to protect the species. One of the groups formed was the Andean Cat Conservation Committee, now known as the Andean Cat Alliance. The table below was
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Commelina lukei


and has been recorded from southeastern Kenya, northeastern and south-central Tanzania, including the island of Zanzibar, and Madagascar. It is found primarily in coastal areas, many of them densely populated, but it also extends inland into the much more rural Taita Hills in Kenya and the western Usambara Mountains in Tanzania. In these inland areas it is sympatric with the closely related species "Commelina kotschyi". Due to the relatively wide distribution of "Commelina lukei", its global conservation status is considered Least Concern based on IUCN
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Long-toed salamander


tail. The five subspecies have different genetic and ecological histories, phenotypically expressed in a range of color and skin patterns. Although the long-toed salamander is classified as a species of Least Concern by the IUCN, many forms of land development threaten and negatively affect the salamander's habitat. "Ambystoma macrodactylum" is a member of the Ambystomatidae, also known as the mole salamanders. The Ambystomatidae originated approximately 81 million years ago (late Cretaceous) from its sister taxon Dicamptodontidae. The Ambystomatidae are also members of suborder Salamandroidea,
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Point Arena, California


, the California giant salamander occurs to the south while the Pacific giant salamander occurs to the north. It is also the type locality for the Point Arena Mountain beaver, "Aplodontia rufa nigra", which is federally listed under the Endangered Species Act as endangered, and is considered a mammalian species of special concern by the State of California. The Point Arena State Marine Reserve & Point Arena State Marine Conservation Area are two marine protected areas that extend offshore from Point Arena. Sea Lion Cove State Marine Conservation Area and Saunders Reef
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