Windsor Castle [SEP] architect
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Windsor Castle


of the castle as a royal court and centre for diplomatic entertainment. Windsor Castle survived the tumultuous period of the English Civil War, when it was used as a military headquarters by Parliamentary forces and a prison for Charles I. At the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II rebuilt much of Windsor Castle with the help of the architect Hugh May, creating a set of extravagant Baroque interiors that are still admired. After a period of neglect during the 18th century, George III and George IV renovated and rebuilt Charles II's
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Windsor Castle


result, architect Sir William Whitfield has pointed to Windsor Castle's architecture as having "a certain fictive quality", the Picturesque and Gothic design generating "a sense that a theatrical performance is being put on here", despite late 20th century efforts to expose more of the older structures to increase the sense of authenticity. Although there has been some criticism, the castle's architecture and history lends it a "place amongst the greatest European palaces". At the heart of Windsor Castle is the Middle Ward, a bailey formed
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Windsor Castle


had been lost or sold from the castle, including many dispersed by Edward VII, and also acquired many new works of art to furnish the state rooms. Queen Mary was also a lover of all things miniature, and a famous dolls' house was created for her at Windsor Castle, designed by the architect Edwin Lutyens and furnished by leading craftsmen and designers of the 1930s. George V was committed to maintaining a high standard of court life at Windsor Castle, adopting the motto that everything was to be "of the best
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RMS Windsor Castle (1959)


British architects. "Windsor Castle" was air-conditioned throughout the passenger and crew areas. Facilities included a fully equipped hospital, two outdoor swimming pools, a health spa and a theatre/cinema. A large amount of dry and refrigerated cargo space, cargo wine tanks and a specie (bullion) room, were also fitted. The steam-turbine engined, "Windsor Castle" was the second in a series of three ships planned by Union-Castle in the 1950s as replacements for the company's oldest ships ,
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1992 Windsor Castle fire


On 20 November 1992, a fire broke out in Windsor Castle, the second largest inhabited castle in the world and one of the official residences of Queen Elizabeth II. The castle suffered extensive damage and was fully repaired within the next few years at a cost of £36.5 million, in a project led by the conservation architects Donald Insall Associates. It led to the Queen paying tax on her income, and to Buckingham Palace, the Queen's other official residence, being opened to the public to help pay for the restoration
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Castles in Great Britain and Ireland


1850s, for example, forming a good example of the fashion. As with Gothic Revivalism, Scots Baronial architects frequently "improved" existing castles: Floors Castle was transformed in 1838 by William Playfair who added grand turrets and cupolas. In a similar way the 16th-century tower house of Lauriston Castle was turned into the Victorian ideal of a "rambling medieval house". The style spread south and the famous architect Edward Blore added a Scots Baronial touch to his work at Windsor. With this pace of change concerns had begun
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Windsor, Queensland


original school and headmaster's house was demolished and the land developed as the Windsor Memorial Park upon which a war memorial was constructed. Swan Hill, O'Connell Town, Eildon, Albion, and Lutwyche were locality names before the appearance of the Windsor name when the shire council was formed. The Shire of Windsor was formed in 1887. It was named after Windsor Castle in England as it was Queen Victoria's golden jubilee year. In July 1895 the Council decided to erect permanent chambers and consulted Brisbane-born architect Thomas Coutts,
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Royal Chapel of All Saints


the Royal Chapel All Saints is held by one of the Canons of the College of St George at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. The chapel is the successor to the chapels built at Royal Lodge and Cumberland Lodge for the use of their royal occupants and their staff. By the mid 1820s, George IV frequently resided at Royal Lodge during his refurbishment of Windsor Castle, and a larger chapel was required for the worship of his household and staff. The chapel was built by Jeffry Wyatville, the architect of the King
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Windsor, Berkshire


Swift. The author Thomas Hardy trained as an architect and joined Arthur Blomfield's practice as assistant architect in April 1862. Between 1862 and 1864 he worked with Blomfield on All Saints'. A reredos, possibly designed by Hardy, was discovered behind panelling at All Saints' in August 2016. As a result of the castle, Windsor is a popular tourist destination and has facilities usually found in larger towns: two railway stations, a theatre and several substantial hotels. Various boat trips operate on the River Thames, with connections
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Christopher Wren (priest)


Christopher Wren B.D. (1589 – 29 May 1658/59) was Dean of Windsor from 1635 until his death. He was the brother of the preceding Dean of Windsor, Matthew Wren. He married Mary Cox, and their son was the architect Christopher Wren. He was educated at Merchant Taylors School and St John’s College, Cambridge and graduated BA in 1609, MA in 1613, BD in 1620. He was appointed: He was appointed Dean of Windsor in 1635. When Parliamentary forces occupied Windsor Castle, he refused to give
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Windsor Palace (Bangkok)


") or Wang Mai ("The new palace"). Windsor Palace was commissioned by King Chulalongkorn in 1881 to serve as the residence of his eldest son, Prince Vajirunhis, who would later be named the first Crown Prince of Siam (Thailand). The palace was located on Sa Pathum Road (now Rama I Road) at the current location of Suphachalasai Stadium. Designed in Gothic Revival style by the Italian architect Joachim Grassi, its appearance reflects that of Windsor Castle in England, and the palace became known to
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Adelaide Cottage


Adelaide Cottage (formerly, Adelaide Lodge) is a historic house in Windsor Home Park just east of Windsor Castle in the United Kingdom. Incorporating parts of John Nash's Royal Lodge from Windsor Great Park, it was re-erected in 1831, in the picturesque style for Queen Adelaide. Architect Jeffry Wyatville oversaw the construction. When it was first built, the house was described as "chastely elegant" and having two rooms, in addition to a retiring room for the Queen, and a pages' room, as well
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List of work on castles and country houses by Anthony Salvin


Anthony Salvin (1799–1881) was an English architect, born in Sunderland Bridge, County Durham. He trained under John Paterson of Edinburgh and moved to London in 1821. His works include new churches, restoration of and additions to existing churches, and various other buildings, including schools. However, he is mainly noted for his work on existing major buildings, including castles, and for designing new substantial country houses. The castles on which he worked include Windsor Castle, Norwich Castle, Rockingham Castle, Newark Castle, Warkworth Castle
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List of new churches by Anthony Salvin


Anthony Salvin (1799–1881) was an English architect, born in Sunderland Bridge, County Durham. He trained under John Paterson of Edinburgh, and moved to London in 1821. His works include new churches, restoration of and additions to existing churches, and various other buildings, including schools. However, he is mainly noted for his work on existing major buildings, including castles, and for designing new substantial country houses. The castles on which he worked include Windsor Castle, Norwich Castle, Rockingham Castle, Newark Castle, Warkworth
21637440
List of church restorations and alterations by Anthony Salvin


Anthony Salvin (1799–1881) was an English architect, born in Sunderland Bridge, County Durham. He trained under John Paterson of Edinburgh, and moved to London in 1821. His works include new churches, restoration of and additions to existing churches, and various other buildings, including schools. However, he is mainly noted for his work on existing major buildings, including castles, and for designing new substantial country houses. The castles on which he worked include Windsor Castle, Norwich Castle, Rockingham Castle, Newark Castle, Warkworth
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List of miscellaneous works by Anthony Salvin


Anthony Salvin (1799–1881) was an English architect, born in Sunderland Bridge, County Durham. He trained under John Paterson of Edinburgh, and moved to London in 1821. His works include new churches, restoration of and additions to existing churches, and various other buildings, including schools. However, he is mainly noted for his work on existing major buildings, including castles, and for designing new substantial country houses. The castles on which he worked include Windsor Castle, Norwich Castle, Rockingham Castle, Newark Castle, Warkworth
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Castles in Great Britain and Ireland


historic properties has often required very practical decisions. At one end of the spectrum owners and architects have had to deal with the practical challenges of repairing smaller decaying castles used as private houses, such as that at Picton Castle where damp proved a considerable problem. At the other end of the scale the fire at Windsor Castle in 1992 opened up a national debate about how the burnt-out castle wing should be replaced, the degree to which modern designs should be introduced and who should pay the £37 million costs (£
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Scottish castles


improved" existing castles: Floors Castle was transformed in 1838 by William Playfair who added grand turrets and cupolas. The style spread south and the architect Edward Blore added a Scots Baronial touch to his work at Windsor. The Baronial style peaked towards the end of the nineteenth century, and the building of large houses declined in importance in the twentieth century. It continued to influence the construction of some estate houses, including Skibo Castle, which was rebuilt for industrialist Andrew Carnegie (1899–1903) by Ross and Macbeth. There was a
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Castles in Great Britain and Ireland


as illustrated by his reworking of Alnwick and much of Windsor Castle. A similar trend can be seen at Rothesay where William Burges renovated the older castle to produce a more "authentic" design, heavily influenced by the work of the French architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. North of the border this resulted in the distinctive style of Scots Baronial Style architecture, which took French and traditional medieval Scottish features and reinvented them in a baroque style. The style also proved popular in Ireland with George Jones' Oliver Castle in the
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Windsor Castle (1804 packet ship)


" reported on 27 August that "Windsor Castle" had been captured while outward bound and taken to Corruna. On 24 September "LL" reported that "Windsor Castle" had in fact arrived at Halifax. On 11 December "Windsor Castle" sailed from Falmouth to Barbados and Jamaica. 1806 On 20 January 1806 "Windsor Castle" arrived at Jamaica. Captain Sutton sailed from Falmouth on 12 May 1806. "Windsor Castle" left Halifax on 7 June and arrived at New York in June. She left New York on
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Loudoun Castle


-century keep. The plans of Loudoun Castle were drawn up in 1805 by the architect Archibald Elliot. One estimate suggests that the "improvements" to Loudoun Castle between 1804 and 1811 cost over £100,000 – over £3,500,000 in today's money. The massive structure, known as "The Windsor of Scotland", had over 90 apartments, and was dominated by the main tower in the rear of the building. The regal library on the south front, measured 100 feet in length and contained upwards of 11,000 volumes.
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Hluboká Castle


half of the 13th century was rebuilt at the end of the 16th century by the Lords of Hradec. It received its present appearance under Count Jan Adam of Schwarzenberg. According to the English Windsor example, architects Franz Beer and F. Deworetzky built a Romantic Neo-Gothic chateau, surrounded by a English park here in the years 1841 to 1871. In 1940, the castle was seized from the last owner, Adolph Schwarzenberg by the Gestapo and confiscated by the government of Czechoslovakia after the end of World War II. The castle
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Security of Windsor Castle


The security of Windsor Castle has been an important issue since Windsor Castle's foundation in the 11th century. Windsor Castle originally became a royal residence because of the protection it could afford to Henry I. Successive medieval and Tudor monarchs made use of the castle during revolts, plagues and other crises, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. By the 1740s, security at Windsor Castle had diminished markedly and the site had become an early tourist attraction; wealthy visitors who could afford to pay the castle keeper could enter and stroll around the castle.
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Windsor Castle


. George persuaded Parliament to vote him £300,000 for restoration (£245 million in 2008 terms). Under the guidance of George's advisor, Charles Long, the architect Jeffry Wyatville was selected, and work commenced in 1824. Wyatville's own preference ran to Gothic architecture, but George, who had led the reintroduction of the French Rococo style to England at Carlton House, preferred a blend of periods and styles, and applied this taste to Windsor. The terraces were closed off to visitors for greater privacy and the exterior
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Archaeology of Windsor Castle


The archaeology of Windsor Castle comprises the archaeological investigations at Windsor Castle, Berkshire. Almost no archaeological work was done at Windsor Castle until the 20th century. As a result, most studies of the castle depended upon architectural analysis and historical research. The most prominent book on the castle, Sir William St John Hope's 1913 volumes, had almost no archaeological evidence to draw on when analysing the castle's history. An archaeological investigation into the site of the Great Hall in the Lower Ward of the castle occurred in 1895. An
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Windsor Castle


and imitated French design at his palace at Winchester and the Royal Hospital at Chelsea. At Windsor, Charles created "the most extravagantly Baroque interiors ever executed in England". Much of the building work was paid for out of increased royal revenues from Ireland during the 1670s. French court etiquette at the time required a substantial number of enfiladed rooms to satisfy court protocol; the demand for space forced architect Hugh May to expand out into the North Terrace, rebuilding and widening it in the process. This new building was called the
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Robert Seppings


Sir Robert Seppings, FRS (11 December 176725 April 1840) was an English naval architect. Seppings was born to Robert and Lydia Seppings at Fakenham, Norfolk, on 11 December 1767 and baptised three days later. In 1782 he was apprenticed in HMNB Devonport, Plymouth. In 1800, when he had risen to be master shipwright assistant in the yard, he invented a device which greatly reduced the time required to repair the lower portions of ships in dry dock when compared with the laborious process of lifting then in vogue.
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HMS Windsor Castle (1790)


pounds and measuring 6'6" in circumference hit "Windsor Castle", and . "Windsor Castle" was badly damaged when an 800-pound stone shot from a Turkish cannon sheared off her main mast. "Windsor Castle" had four men killed and 20 wounded in the withdrawal. In all, the British lost 29 killed and 138 wounded. No ship was lost. "Windsor Castle" accompanied Duckworth on the Alexandria expedition of 1807, and in May left Alexandria and sailed to Malta. She was reduced to a 74-gun ship in
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Windsor Castle (1804 packet ship)


engagement. "Jeune Richard" had 56 men killed and wounded; "Windsor Castle" four killed and eight wounded. "Windsor Castle" carried her prize into . The encounter had taken place at . The French tried to board "Windsor Castle", but her crew repelled the boarding attempt while inflicting heavy casualties on the French attackers. Eventually, the British were able to board "Jeune Richard", drive her crew below deck, and capture her. When "Windsor Castle" arrived at Carlisle Bay, Barbados,
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George Maddox (architect)


the Duke of Cumberland, George III’s brother, commissioned him to build an opera house in Leicester Square. Maddox drew plans for the opera house, but the project was abandoned upon the death of the duke; the cancellation was a severe financial blow to Maddox. In 1824 Maddox was the architect for Strensham Court (which was destroyed by a fire in 1974). In 1824 Jeffrey Wyatville hired Maddox as his assistant in remodeling Windsor Castle. Also in 1824 Maddox was a founding member of the Society of British Artists and
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Regency architecture


the Board of Works' architects during the peak Regency period. A large commission of the period was the expansion of Windsor Castle for the king, which eventually cost over a million pounds, over three times the original budget. Smirke, Nash, Soane and Jeffry Wyatville were invited to tender, Wyatville winning the competition. He was a prolific designer, mostly for country houses, new-built or refurbished, able to work in a variety of styles. His uncle James Wyatt was a leading architect of the previous generation,
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Michael Gandy (architect)


he exhibited "The Burning of Onrust and Kupers Island, Batavia, in 1800, drawn on the spot" at the Royal Academy. On his return he was employed for some time in the drawing-office of Mr. Holl, civil architect to the navy, afterwards by Francis Goodwin and eventually by Sir Jeffrey Wyatville, with whom he remained for thirty-three years, until Wyattville's death in 1840. In 1842, with Benjamin Baud, he published "Architectural Illustrations of Windsor Castle", with plates showing Wyatville's
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St George's School, Windsor Castle


St George's School, Windsor Castle is a coeducational independent preparatory school in Windsor, near London, England. Founded to provide choirboys for the Choir of St George's Chapel, it now educates over 400 boys and girls. The school was established to provide six choristers for the Choir of St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, which sings in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, which is the official country residence of the British Royal Family. St George's is one of the oldest schools in the country, and
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Windsor Castle (1804 packet ship)


on 6 August, which is surely a typographical error for September as she arrived at Barbados on 9 September. "Windsor Castle" left Jamaica on 8 October. On 30 November the crew of "Severn" abandoned her at ). "Severn" was on a voyage from Quebec to Greenock when she became leaky and in a sinking state. "Windsor Packet" rescued the crew. "Windsor Castle" arrived at Plymouth on 4 December. 1811 On 28 January 1811 "Windsor Castle" sailed from Plymouth, bound for
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Windsor Castle


, but the double bailey design was also found at Rockingham and Alnwick Castle. Windsor was not initially used as a royal residence; the early Norman kings preferred to use the former palace of Edward the Confessor in the village of Old Windsor. The first king to use Windsor Castle as a residence was Henry I, who celebrated Whitsuntide at the castle in 1110 during a period of heightened insecurity. Henry's marriage to Adela, the daughter of Godfrey of Louvain, took place in the castle in 1121. During this period the
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Windsor Castle Act 1848


The Windsor Castle Act (1848) was a piece of UK legislation that reformed land use and rights surrounding Windsor Castle, in Berkshire. Its most notable achievement was to create Home Park. All new roads and bridges were built by 1850. The result turned the former royal estate, which was known as Little Park, into the Royal private estate of Home Park. The act enacted various changes around Windsor in the light of the changing nature of Windsor Castle, the desire of Queen Victoria for greater privacy and the new railways
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William Dickinson (architect)


William Dickinson (c.1670 − 24 January 1724) was an English architect. Dickinson was the son of William Dickinson, Controller Clerk at Windsor Castle and chief clerk of the king's works. This elder Dickinson died in 1702 and according to Adrian Tinniswood his "sole contribution to architecture" was to be Chief Clerk of the Works. Dickinson younger married Elizabeth, with whom he had a son, also called William. He died in 1724 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. His gravestone in the north porch reads: "Here
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John Hessell Tiltman (property manager)


Sir John Hessell Tiltman, KCVO (born 1942) is a retired British architect and property manager. After complete a Diploma in Architecture at Brighton College of Art in 1965, Tiltman joined Greater London Council as an architect. Between 1969 and 1990, he was employed by the Department of the Environment's Property Services Agency, for the final two years as Head of the Royal Palaces Group. In 1991, he was appointed Deputy Director of Property Services in the Royal Household; after the fire at Windsor Castle in 1992, he
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1992 Windsor Castle fire


Commission), Sir Jocelyn Stevens (Chairman of English Heritage), Frank Duffy (President of the Royal Institute of British Architects) and three senior palace officials. The fire, catastrophic though it was, presented the opportunity for some major new architectural work. Although criticised by some people who thought it lacked imagination, the architects believed that, given the history of the building and the surviving fabric, the new work had to be Gothic. The state dining room gilded sideboard, 19 feet long and made out of rare rosewood
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Donald Insall Associates


Donald Insall Associates is a firm of architects, designers and historic building consultants. They have worked on contemporary and historic listed buildings, monuments and sites throughout Britain, and at UNESCO World Heritage Sites including The Palace of Westminster, Cross Bath, the Tower of London, Kew Gardens and Caernarfon Castle. They were involved in the restoration of Windsor Castle following the 1992 fire. They have worked extensively in the adaptive re-use of historic buildings, contemporary interventions and new design. (Examples include the "Copper Kingdom Visitor Centre
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Morgraig Castle


border between the counties of Caerphilly and Cardiff. It was built after 1243, but before 1267. The castle was first discovered by a group of archaeologists from the Cardiff Museum led by John Ward in the summer of 1895. Ward was aware of stories telling of an ancient British fort and was interested in the particular site because he had seen maps that showed an unusual rectangular shape. Ward oversaw excavations on the site beginning in summer 1903 with excavation financed by Lord Windsor. Ward along with architect J.W. Rodger and historian J.S. Corbett
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Keep


style often termed Gothic Revivalism. There were numerous attempts to restore or rebuild keeps so as to produce this consistently Gothic style: in England, the architect Anthony Salvin was particularly prominent – as illustrated by reworking and heightening of the keep at Windsor Castle, while in France, Eugène Viollet-le-Duc reworked the keeps at castles in locations like Pierrefonds during the 1860s and 1870s, admittedly in a largely speculative fashion, since the original keep had been mostly destroyed in 1617. The Spanish Civil War and First and Second World
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Windsor Castle (novel)


, and George Cruikshank, illustrator of "The Miser's Daughter" later became illustrator of "Windsor Castle" after the prior work finished. It was published by Henry Colburn as a three-decker novel in 1843. Chapman and Hall published a cheap version of Ainsworth's works in late 1849, with a misprint in "Windsor Castle" that marked the later editions. In a letter to Charlies Ollier, Ainsworth wrote ""Windsor Castle" was worked off during my absence in Spain, and I had not observed the
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Windsor Castle


cavalry was able to take the town of Windsor, but was unable to overcome the walls at Windsor Castle – in due course, Rupert was forced to retreat. Over the winter of 1642–3, Windsor Castle was converted into the headquarters for the Earl of Essex, a senior Parliamentary general. The Horseshoe Cloister was taken over as a prison for captured Royalists, and the resident canons were expelled from the castle. The Lady Chapel was turned into a magazine. Looting by the underpaid garrison continued to be a problem; 500 royal
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Windsor Castle


the Order of the Garter each Sunday. On the south side of the Ward is King Henry VIII's gateway, which bears the coat of arms of Catherine of Aragon and forms the secondary entrance to the castle. Windsor Castle's position on top of steep ground has meant that the castle's gardens are limited in scale. The castle gardens stretch east from the Upper Ward across a 19th-century terrace. Windsor Castle is surrounded by extensive parkland. The immediate area stretching to the east of the castle is a 19th-
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Windsor Castle


the Order of the Garter, again with Windsor Castle as its headquarters, complete with the attendant Poor Knights of Windsor. As part of this process Edward decided to rebuild Windsor Castle, in particular Henry III's palace, in an attempt to construct a castle that would be symbolic of royal power and chivalry. Edward was influenced both by the military successes of his grandfather, Edward I, and by the decline of royal authority under his father, Edward II, and aimed to produce an innovative, "self-consciously aesthetic
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Windsor Castle


the young Edward VI disliked Windsor Castle. Edward's Protestant beliefs led him to simplify the Garter ceremonies, to discontinue the annual Feast of the Garter at Windsor and to remove any signs of Catholic practices with the Order. During the rebellions and political strife of 1549, Windsor was again used as a safe-haven for the king and the Duke of Somerset. Edward famously commented whilst staying at Windsor Castle during this period that "Methink I am in a prison, here are no galleries, nor no gardens to walk in
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Sep Ruf


Sep Ruf (full name Franz Joseph Ruf; 9 March 1908, in Munich – 29 July 1982, in Munich) was a German architect and designer, belonging to the Bauhaus group. He was one of the representatives of modern architecture in Germany after World War II. His elegant buildings received high credits in Germany and Europe and his German pavilion of the Expo 58 in Brussels, built together with Egon Eiermann, achieved worldwide recognition. He attended the Interbau 1957 in Berlin-Hansaviertel and was one of the three architects who
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Jeffry Wyatville


Sir Jeffry Wyatville (3 August 1766 – 18 February 1840) was an English architect and garden designer. Born Jeffry Wyatt into an established dynasty of architects, in 1824 he was allowed by King George IV to change his surname to Wyatville (frequently misspelled Wyattville). He is mainly remembered for making alterations and extensions to Chatsworth House and Windsor Castle. Jeffry was born on 3 August 1766 in Burton upon Trent, the first surviving child of Joseph (1739–1785) and Myrtilla Wyatt who died shortly after Jeffry's birth. He
9026014
Windsor Castle, Maida Vale


The Windsor Castle is a former public house on Harrow Road, Maida Vale, London. It was a seminal rock venue throughout the 1960s and 1970s, with notable early performances from The Rolling Stones, The Who and U2. Despite now being derelict, the building is a designated heritage asset. The Windsor Castle opened on Harrow Road in 1829. It was rebuilt in its current style around 1850, with stucco plaster around the windows, quoins and a castellated parapet. The Windsor Castle became a music venue in the 1960s.
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Windsor Castle (1804 packet ship)


took her into Norfolk, Virginia, where she was sold at auction. "Windsor Castle" first appeared in "Lloyd's Register" ("LR") in 1804 with R. Sutton, master, Sutton, owner, and trade Yarmouth-Falmouth. On 15 September 1804 "Windsor Castle" sailed from Falmouth for Jamaica. 1805 "Windsor Castle" arrived at Falmouth on 6 January 1805 after a 46-day journey from Jamaica. She then sailed for Jamaica on 12 February; she arrived at Barbados on 14 April. On
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Windsor Castle (1804 packet ship)


that same day for the Mediterranean. "Windsor Castle" arrived at Falmouth on 28 January 1815. She had left Malta on 15 December 1814, and Gibraltar on 12 January 1815. Captain Sutton sailed "Windsor Castle" from Falmouth on 28 February 1815. She encountered the American privateer "Roger", Roger Quarles, master, on 15 March at . "Roger" was a schooner of 10 guns and 120 men. Quarles put a prize crew on board "Windsor Castle" and she and "Roger" sailed together
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Windsor Castle (Smithfield, Virginia)


Windsor Castle is a former plantation and now a public park in Smithfield, Virginia, United States. It is located in the Smithfield Historic District. The plantation dates to a land grant of by the King of England to Arthur Smith in 1637. Arthur Smith's great grandson, Arthur Smith IV, established the town of Smithfield in 1750. The first recorded use of the name "Windsor Castle" dates from 1884. In 2005, real estate developer Lewis McMurran obtained an option to purchase Windsor Castle for $2.2 million.
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Richard Thompson (businessman)


50% of his shares. He stepped off the board completely in 1989 and sold the balance of his shares. Total realization, £350m. Richard acquired 51% of Copson plc in Nov 86, aged 22. Chairman of Windsor Racecourse Aug 87 aged 23. Chairman of Queens Park Rangers F.C. Sep 88 aged 24. Chairman of Planal/Quinta do Lago Jan 1990 aged 25. Chairman of Hobson plc and Union Square plc Sep 1990 aged 26. Richard is still the youngest chairman in Premiership history. Engineered reversal
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Russell Taylor (architect)


Regent's Park. 1994–1995 Windsor Castle: Feasibility designs for new interiors to the State and Octagonal Dining Rooms. 1993 – present Arundel Castle, West Sussex: A series of works including new gardens, interiors, lighting and Victorian Gothic style fittings. 1992–1997 Crosby Hall, Chelsea: A new English Renaissance style house covering a ½ acre and including the Great Hall of 1466. 1992–1995 Brasenose College, Oxford: Refurbishment, repair and extension works, and the Porters' Lodge. 1991 – present The London Brompton Oratory: Repairs and
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Windsor Castle


deer were killed across the Windsor Great Park during the winter, and fences were burned as firewood. In 1647 Charles, then a prisoner of Parliament, was brought to the castle for a period under arrest, before being moved to Hampton Court. In 1648 there was a Royalist plan, never enacted, to seize Windsor Castle. The Parliamentary Army Council moved into Windsor in November and decided to try Charles for treason. Charles was held at Windsor again for the last three weeks of his reign; after his execution in January
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Windsor Castle (1804 packet ship)


15 April "Windsor Castle" left Jamaica. She arrived at Falmouth on 9 June, after a voyage of 56 days. Captain Sutton sailed from Falmouth on 8 July 1805 and arrived at Halifax on 6 August. "Windsor Castle" apparently sailed the same day and arrived a New York on 21 August. She remained in New York until 3 October. She then arrived in Halifax on 5 October, left shortly thereafter, and returned to Falmouth on 8 November. While "Windsor Castle" was on this voyage "LL
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Windsor Castle (1804 packet ship)


own men. Cochrane wrote a highly complementary letter of transmission to the Admiralty. The victory was widely reported in contemporary papers and journals, and Rogers and his crew were hailed as heroes and lavishly rewarded for their valour. "Windsor Castle" arrived at Barbados on 3 October. She arrived back at Falmouth on 20 December, after a voyage of 42 days from Tortola. 1808 On 26 January 1808 "Windsor Castle" sailed for the Leeward Islands. Captain Sutton sailed from Falmouth on 7 June 1808. "Windsor Castle"
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Windsor Castle (1783 ship)


Windsor Castle was launched at Whitby. Initially she was primarily a West Indiaman. Then from 1797 she made five voyages as a slave ship and foundered off Bermuda in 1803 after having disembarked her slaves. "Windsor Castle" first appeared in "Lloyd's Register" ("LR") in 1803 with G. Young, master, G. Tarbut, owner, and trade London–Jamaica. From 1797 on "Windsor Castle" made five voyages as a slave ship based out of Liverpool. Slave voyage #1 (1797–1798)
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Windsor Castle


as Windsor did not play a decisive role during the resulting Wars of the Roses (1455–85), which were fought primarily in the form of pitched battles between the rival factions. Henry VI, born at Windsor Castle and known as Henry of Windsor, became king at the young age of nine months. His long period of minority, coupled with the increasing tensions between Henry's Lancastrian supporters and the Yorkists, distracted attention from Windsor. The Garter Feasts and other ceremonial activities at the castle became more infrequent and less well attended
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House of Windsor


through the town of Windsor, Berkshire, and Windsor Castle; the link is alluded to in the Round Tower of Windsor Castle being the basis of the badge of the House of Windsor. Upon hearing that his cousin had changed the name of the British royal house to Windsor and in reference to Shakespeare's "The Merry Wives of Windsor", German Emperor Wilhelm II remarked jokingly that he planned to see "The Merry Wives of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha". George V also restricted the use of British princely titles to
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Windsor Castle


of motte and bailey castles around London; each was a day's march – about  – from the city and from the next castle, allowing for easy reinforcements in a crisis. Windsor Castle, one of this ring of fortifications, was strategically important because of its proximity to both the River Thames, a key medieval route into London, and Windsor Forest, a royal hunting preserve previously used by the Saxon kings. The nearby settlement of Clivore, or Clewer, was an old Saxon residence. The initial wooden castle consisted of
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Windsor Castle


Victorian era, seeing the introduction of invitations to numerous prominent figures to "dine and sleep" at the castle. Victoria took a close interest in the details of how Windsor Castle was run, including the minutiae of the social events. Few visitors found these occasions comfortable, both due to the design of the castle and the excessive royal formality. Prince Albert died in the Blue Room at Windsor Castle in 1861 and was buried in the Royal Mausoleum built at nearby Frogmore, within the Home Park. The prince's rooms were
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Windsor, Berkshire


at the Castle – referred to as New Windsor, probably to indicate that it was a two-ward castle/borough complex, similar to other early castle designs, such as Denbigh. By the late 12th century the settlement at Windelsora had been renamed Old Windsor. The early history of the site is unknown, although it was almost certainly settled some years before 1070 when William the Conqueror had a timber motte and bailey castle constructed. The focus of royal interest at that time was not the castle, however, but a
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Windsor Castle


to "authentic" or "equivalent" restoration standards. Modern methods were used at Windsor to reproduce the equivalent pre-fire appearance, partially due to the cost. The restoration programme was completed in 1997 at a total cost of £37 million (£67 million in 2015 terms). Windsor Castle, part of the Occupied Royal Palaces Estate, is owned by Queen Elizabeth II in right of the Crown, and day-to-day management is by the Royal Household. In terms of population, Windsor Castle is
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Eton and Castle


Eton and Castle is an electoral ward of the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead. As its name suggests, it comprises the town of Eton (which includes Eton College) and Windsor Castle. It is currently represented by George Fussey of the Liberal Democrats. Nationally, the ward forms part of the UK Parliamentary constituency of Windsor and is currently represented by Adam Afriyie of the Conservative Party. As of 1 December 2011, there are 1,639 voters appearing on the electoral roll for the ward. The A332 Windsor by-pass forms
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Constables and Governors of Windsor Castle


The Constable and Governor of Windsor Castle is in charge of Windsor Castle in England on behalf of the sovereign. The day-to-day operations are under the Superintendent, who is an officer of the Master of the Household's Department of the Royal Household. The Constable receives no salary, but has a residence in the Castle. From 1833-1957, the office was mostly filled by a member of the Royal Family, but now it is held by a senior retired officer of the armed forces of the Crown.
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Windsor Castle


New College, Oxford and Winchester College, where the influence of Windsor Castle can easily be seen. The new castle was used to hold French prisoners taken at the Battle of Poitiers in 1357, including King John II, who was held for a considerable ransom. Later in the century, the castle also found favour with Richard II. Richard conducted restoration work on St George's Chapel, the work being carried out by Geoffrey Chaucer, who served as a diplomat and Clerk of The King's Works. Windsor Castle continued to
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Home Park, Windsor


The Home Park, previously known as the Little Park (and originally Lydecroft Park), is a private Royal park, administered by the Crown Estate. It lies on the eastern side of Windsor Castle in the town and former civil parish of Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. To its south is Windsor Great Park. The Home Park is divided from the main Windsor Great Park by the high-volume Albert Road (A308) to Old Windsor. It is the private estate of the castle and, as well as
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Queen's Guard


Keys). One of the public duties battalions or incremental companies is responsible for providing the guard at Windsor Castle. The location of the ceremony at Windsor varies; in the Easter, when the Queen is in residence it usually takes place on the lawn in the castle's quadrangle. In wet weather or winter, to protect the lawn, or when the Queen is not holding court at Windsor Castle, the ceremony occurs outside the guardroom by Henry VIII's Gateway at the foot of Castle Hill. The ceremony for changing the
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Windsor & Eton Central railway station


Windsor & Eton Central station is one of two terminal stations serving the town of Windsor, Berkshire, England. Although a small part is still a railway station, most of the station building has been converted into a tourist-oriented shopping centre, called Windsor Royal Shopping. It is situated on the High Street, almost immediately opposite Castle Hill, the main public entrance to Windsor Castle. Originally named simply "Windsor", the station was renamed twice: first to "Windsor & Eton" on 1 June 1904; and
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Windsor Castle (novel)


Windsor Castle is a novel by William Harrison Ainsworth serially published in 1842. It is a historical romance with gothic elements that depicts Henry VIII's pursuit of Anne Boleyn. Intertwined with the story are the actions of Herne the Hunter, a legendary ghost that haunts Windsor woods. The first mention of "Windsor Castle" comes in a letter to Crossley 17 November 1841: "I am just now finishing "Old St. Paul's" and am consequently very busy [...] I have made all arrangements to start my Magazine at
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Security of Windsor Castle


As the condition of the State Apartments continued to deteriorate, even the general public were able to regularly visit the property, with children and others playing in the castle yards. George III gradually reversed this trend when he came to the throne in 1760. This trend continued during the reign of Queen Victoria, when the Windsor Castle and Town Approaches Act was passed by Parliament, permitting the closing and re-routing of the old roads which previously ran through the park from Windsor to Datchet and Old Windsor. These changes allowed the
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St George's House (Windsor Castle)


St George's House, based in Windsor Castle, is a British organisation committed to effecting change for the better by nurturing wisdom through dialogue. Founded in 1966 by the Duke of Edinburgh and the then Dean of Windsor, Robin Woods, it brings together leaders in business, government, society and the church to discuss contemporary issues. St George’s House, based in Windsor Castle, is a British organisation committed to effecting change for the better by nurturing wisdom through dialogue. The Council of St George's House comprises Representative Knights
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Windsor Castle


on the west end of the palace, which he used for his personal apartments. Windsor began to be used for international diplomatic events, including the grand visit of Philip I of Castile in 1506. William de la Pole, one of the surviving Yorkist claimants to the throne, was imprisoned at Windsor Castle during Henry's reign, before his execution in 1513. Henry VIII enjoyed Windsor Castle, as a young man "exercising himself daily in shooting, singing, dancing, wrestling, casting of the bar, playing at the
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Windsor Castle


end of the project. Queen Victoria and Prince Albert made Windsor Castle their principal royal residence, despite Victoria complaining early in her reign that the castle was "dull and tiresome" and "prison-like", and preferring Osborne and Balmoral as holiday residences. The growth of the British Empire and Victoria's close dynastic ties to Europe made Windsor the hub for many diplomatic and state visits, assisted by the new railways and steamships of the period. Indeed, it has been argued that Windsor reached its social peak during the
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Windsor Castle (novel)


Christmas next, and have engaged Tony Johannot (the artist), who is now at work for me [...] "Windsor Castle", of course, forms the main feature of the design, and I propose commencing the story with Henry the Eighth entering into the Castle on the morning of St. George's Day, 1529, attended by Anne Boleyn and the Cardinals Wosley and Campeggio. I intend making Lord Surrey the hero of the story. what say you?" Ainsworth wrote "Windsor Castle" in 1842 while
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Windsor Castle


Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. It is notable for its long association with the English and later British royal family and for its architecture. The original castle was built in the 11th century after the Norman invasion of England by William the Conqueror. Since the time of Henry I, it has been used by the reigning monarch and is the longest-occupied palace in Europe. The castle's lavish early 19th-century State Apartments were described by the art historian Hugh Roberts as "
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Windsor Castle


extensive Windsor Great Park, occupying some and including some of the oldest broadleaved woodlands in Europe. In the Home Park, to the north of the castle, stands a private school, St George's, which provides choristers to the chapel. Eton College is located about half a mile from the castle, across the River Thames, reflecting the fact that it was a royal foundation of Henry VI. Windsor Castle was originally built by William the Conqueror in the decade after the Norman conquest of 1066. William established a defensive ring
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Windsor Castle


either, preferring Hampton Court. Many of the apartments in the Upper Ward were given out as "grace and favour" privileges for the use of prominent widows or other friends of the Crown. The Duke of Cumberland made the most use of the property in his role as the Ranger of Windsor Great Park. By the 1740s, Windsor Castle had become an early tourist attraction; wealthier visitors who could afford to pay the castle keeper could enter, see curiosities such as the castle's narwhal horn, and by the 1750s buy
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William of Wykeham


Old Windsor. William developed a reputation for the administration and supervision of royal building works during the reign of Edward III. By May 1356, he was clerk of the works for houses being built for the Crown at Henley on the Heath in Surrey and Easthampstead in Berkshire, and he was appointed surveyor of the long-running works to develop Windsor Castle in October 1356. He rapidly rose in royal service, and in July 1359 he was appointed chief keeper and surveyor of Windsor Castle, Leeds Castle, Dover Castle, and
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Windsor Castle Royal Tattoo


The Windsor Castle Royal Tattoo was an annual military tattoo held in the private grounds of Windsor Castle by permission of Queen Elizabeth II, from 2008 to 2011. The event's proceeds went to the Royal British Legion to help support recently returned troops from battle. The Tattoo website described itself as: The Windsor Tattoo was similar to the Royal Tournament, the world's largest military tattoo which was axed by the British Government in 1999. In 2009 the Tattoo saw the return of the Royal Navy Field Gun Race 10 years after it
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Windsor Guildhall


The Windsor Guildhall is the town hall of the town of Windsor, in the English county of Berkshire. It is situated in the High Street, about 100 metres from Castle Hill, which leads to the main public entrance to Windsor Castle. It is a Grade I listed building. The Borough of Windsor possessed a guildhall from early times. A deed of 1369, now in the possession of Eton College, refers to the "gildaule", and a charter of 1439 states that "pleas happening in the said borough...
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Windsor Castle Act 1848


maintenance costs. Resulting in its nickname, "The Divided Bridge". Under the Windsor Castle Act (1848), the bridge was demolished and the original Windsor Road between Datchet's High Street and Park Street, Windsor was closed. Victoria Bridge slightly upstream, and Albert Bridge slightly downstream were built to replace Datchet. Both new bridges opened in 1851. Old Windsor Road was replaced with a highway, to the south, which crossed the newly constructed Albert Bridge near Old Windsor. The entire Berkshire side of the Thames (
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Windsor Castle


palace at colossal expense, producing the current design of the State Apartments, full of Rococo, Gothic and Baroque furnishings. Queen Victoria made a few minor changes to the castle, which became the centre for royal entertainment for much of her reign. Windsor Castle was used as a refuge by the royal family during the Luftwaffe bombing campaigns of the Second World War and survived a fire in 1992. It is a popular tourist attraction, a venue for hosting state visits, and the preferred weekend home of Elizabeth II. Windsor Castle
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Windsor Castle


maintained exactly as they had been at the moment of his death and Victoria kept the castle in a state of mourning for many years, becoming known as the "Widow of Windsor", a phrase popularised in the famous poem by Rudyard Kipling. The Queen shunned the use of Buckingham Palace after Albert's death and instead used Windsor Castle as her residence when conducting official business near London. Towards the end of her reign, plays, operas, and other entertainments slowly began to be held at the castle again, accommodating both
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Windsor Castle


". A large staff was still kept at the castle, with around 660 servants working in the property during the period. Meanwhile, during the First World War, anti-German feeling led the members of the Royal Family to change their dynastic name from the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; George decided to take the new name from the castle, and the Royal Family became the House of Windsor in 1917. Edward VIII did not spend much of his reign at Windsor Castle. He continued to spend most
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Windsor Castle


of his time at Fort Belvedere in the Great Park, where he had lived whilst Prince of Wales. Edward created a small aerodrome at the castle on Smith's Lawn, now used as a golf-course. Edward's reign was short-lived and he broadcast his abdication speech to the British Empire from the castle in December 1936, adopting the title of Duke of Windsor. His successor, George VI also preferred his own original home, the Royal Lodge in the Great Park, but moved into Windsor Castle with his
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Old Windsor


with the monarch because of its convenient location; near to the river for transport and Windsor Forest for hunting. Old Windsor was also an early minster location and market, probably associated with a lock, and important riverside mill complex. The Saxon palace was eventually superseded by the Norman Windsor Castle, at 'New' Windsor. The medieval manor house, however, became a popular royal hunting lodge while the castle was still a fortress rather than a comfortable residence. At the southern end of the village, is the historic Beaumont
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Military Knights of Windsor


The Military Knights of Windsor, originally the Alms Knights and informally the Poor Knights, are retired military officers who receive a pension and accommodation at Windsor Castle, and who provide support for the Order of the Garter and for the services of St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. They are commanded by a senior retired officer as Governor of the Military Knights of Windsor. The Alms Knights of St. George's Chapel were constituted by King Edward III following the Battle of Crécy (1346), when many knights captured by the French
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Windsor Castle


the king's early death caused the plan to be cancelled. Queen Anne was fond of the castle, and attempted to address the lack of a formal garden by instructing Henry Wise to begin work on the Maestricht Garden beneath the North Terrace, which was never completed. Anne also created the racecourse at Ascot and began the tradition of the annual Royal Ascot procession from the castle. George I took little interest in Windsor Castle, preferring his other palaces at St James's, Hampton Court and Kensington. George II rarely used Windsor
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Windsor, California


Windsor is an incorporated town in Sonoma County, California, United States. The town is 9 miles north of Santa Rosa and 63 miles north of San Francisco. The population was 26,801 as of the 2010 census. Windsor's first European settlers arrived in 1851. In 1855, Hiram Lewis, a Pony Express rider, became the town's first postmaster. He named the town Windsor because it reminded him of the grounds around Windsor Castle, a medieval castle from his home country of England. In 1855, a post office
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Castle series stamps


without the hyphen or with one printed thanks to a third overprint. On 22 March 2005, Royal Mail issued a minisheet for the 50th anniversary of the Castle series. Denominations were changed to 50 pence for a brown "Carrickfergus Castle" and a dark brown "Windsor Castle", and one pound for a red "Caernarfon Castle" and a blue "Edinburgh Castle". The Dutch printer Enschedé succeeded in using the original dies to create the new printing material, but for the Windsor Castle stamp digitalization of a 1955 stamp
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Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall


2005, and was to take place in a civil ceremony at Windsor Castle, with a subsequent religious service of blessing at St George's Chapel. However, to conduct a civil marriage at Windsor Castle would oblige the venue to obtain a licence for civil marriages, which it did not have. A condition of such a licence is that the licensed venue must be available for a period of one year to anyone wishing to be married there, and as the royal family did not wish to make Windsor Castle available to the public
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HMS Windsor Castle (1790)


the French West Indies. A British squadron intercepted the convoy, which led to the Action of 25 September 1806, where the British captured four of the frigates: "Armeide", "Minerva", "Indefatigable", and "Gloire". The frigate "Thétis" and the corvette "Sylphe" escaped, with the "Lynx" managing to outrun "Windsor Castle". While in the Mediterranean she served during Vice Admiral Sir John Duckworth's unsuccessful 1807 Dardanelles Operation. On 19 February, "Windsor Castle"
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Windsor Great Park


"Cumberland" is inscribed within an inset in the masonry, the original surface having had "Culloden". Windsor Castle was begun in the 11th century by William the Conqueror as it afforded a good defensive point over the River Thames. A vast area of Windsor Forest to the south of the castle became reserved by the King for personal hunting and also to supply the castle with wood, deer, boar and fish. It was not until later that it became necessary to formally define this area. In 1129, the first
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Windsor Castle (1804 packet ship)


Lucia on the 8th, Martinique on the 12th, Dominica on the 15th, Guadaloupe on the 18th, Antigua on the 24th, Montserrat on the 25th, Nevis on the 26th, and St. Kitt's on the 29th. She was at Tortola on 2 May and St. Thomas on 6 May. On 9 August "Windsor Castle" sailed for Cadiz, Gibraltar, and Malta. She arrived at Cadiz on 24 August. On 19 November "Windsor Castle" was off Falmouth and proceeded to Stangate Creek. On 28 December she
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Constables and Governors of Windsor Castle


He is the representative of the Lord Chamberlain within the Castle. The Constable also has nominal charge of its garrison, including the Windsor Castle Guard of the Foot Guards of the Household Division, as well as of the Military Knights of Windsor. The posts of Constable and Governor have been joined since 1660. A special uniform is prescribed for the Constable and Governor (similar to the full dress uniform of a General officer, but with scarlet collar and cuffs on a blue tunic rather than vice-versa); alternatively (and
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Windsor Castle


the first guidebooks to Windsor, produced by George Bickham in 1753 and Joseph Pote in 1755. As the condition of the State Apartments continued to deteriorate, even the general public were able to regularly visit the property. George III reversed this trend when he came to the throne in 1760. George disliked Hampton Court, and was attracted by the park at Windsor Castle. George wanted to move into the Ranger's House by the castle, but his brother, Henry was already living in it and refused to move out. Instead
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Windsor Castle


wife Elizabeth. As king, George revived the annual Garter Service at Windsor, drawing on the accounts of the 17th-century ceremonies recorded by Elias Ashmole, but moving the event to Ascot Week in June. On the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 the castle was readied for war-time conditions. Many of the staff from Buckingham Palace were moved to Windsor for safety, security was tightened and windows were blacked-out. There was significant concern that the castle might be damaged or destroyed during the war;
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