Snatch Land Rover [SEP] based on
[{"answer": "Land Rover Defender", "provenance": [{"wikipedia_id": "7218731", "title": "Snatch Land Rover", "start_paragraph_id": 1, "start_character": 0, "end_paragraph_id": 1, "end_character": 237, "bleu_score": 0.7938383820064726, "meta": {}, "section": "Section::::Abstract."}]}]
Snatch Land Rover


exceeded the level of protection available. The Snatch is based on the Land Rover Heavy Duty Chassis, a militarised version of the Defender 110 (similar to the Land Rover Wolf). It was originally procured for use in Northern Ireland by the British Army. and was first introduced in 1992. Officially designated, Truck Utility Medium (TUM) with Vehicle Protection Kit (VPK), the vehicle is more widely known by its informal title, the "Snatch", even in official documentation. It is believed to have acquired
18518750
Snatch Land Rover


The Snatch Land Rover is a protected patrol vehicle based on the Land Rover Defender 110 chassis. Intended for general patrolling in low-threat areas, it is the successor to the Truck Utility Medium (TUM) with Vehicle Protection Kit (VPK). The vehicle was developed in 1992 for use in Northern Ireland. It provides some degree of small arms protection for occupants and a limited level of protection from Improvised Explosive Devices and off-route mines. The vehicle has been criticized as occupant deaths have resulted from kinetic attacks which
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Snatch Land Rover


the name from its use in the Troubles, when it was the preferred vehicle for snatch squads: soldiers trained to deal with demonstrations by picking out and arresting suspected ringleaders. The "Snatch" was the first factory modified Land Rover to be used in Northern Ireland, replacing a series of "ad hoc" conversions including protected Airportable Land Rover (Land Rover 1/2 ton Lightweight) and 109" (known as the "piglet", being a smaller version of the Humber Pig armoured personnel carrier) then widely used by British
18518751
Ocelot (vehicle)


The Force Protection Ocelot is a British armoured vehicle that is scheduled to replace the United Kingdom's Snatch Land Rover with British forces. It received the service name Foxhound, in line with the names given to other wheeled armored vehicles in current British use, such as Mastiff and Ridgeback, which are based on the Cougar. This is not to be confused with the BAE Systems Australia Foxhound, a modified Short Brothers S600. The goal in replacing the Snatch Land Rover was to improve protection of personnel against improvised explosive devices (IEDs
20680069
Land Rover


-duty V8 110 chassis but some have recently been re-mounted on new chassis from Otokar of Turkey and fitted with diesel engines and air-conditioning for Iraq. Although these now have more in common with the 'Wolf' (Defender XD) Land Rovers that many mistakenly confuse them with, the Snatch and the Wolf are different vehicles. The most radical conversion of a Land Rover for military purposes was the Centaur half-track. It was based on a Series III with a V8 engine and a shortened belt drive
19047301
Land Rover


Ulster Constabulary in Wales called the Hotspur. The Land Rover Tangi was built by the Royal Ulster Constabulary's own vehicle engineering team during the 1990s. The British Army has used various armoured Land Rovers, first in Northern Ireland but also in more recent campaigns. They first added protective panels to Series General Service vehicles (the Vehicle Protection Kit (VPK)). Later they procured the Glover Webb APV and finally the Courtaulds (later NP Aerospace) Composite Armoured Vehicle, commonly known as Snatch. These were originally based on heavy
19047300
Jackal (vehicle)


reach a top speed of . The vehicle was procured to provide British forces in Afghanistan with an off-road patrol and fire-support vehicle with increased performance, supplementing the Land Rover Wolf WMIK and the Snatch Land Rover which previously fulfilled the role. In particular the Snatch Land Rover, although able to withstand small arms fire, is vulnerable to improvised explosive devices and was labelled by some a "mobile coffin". On 8 April 2008, it was announced that the MWMIK had been deployed to Helmand Province, Afghanistan,
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Snatch Land Rover


topic whilst parliamentary dialogue continued. Four families of servicemen killed in Snatch Land Rovers in Iraq and Afghanistan are to sue the Ministry of Defence, as reported by the BBC on 19 June 2009. Since 2003, some 37 UK personnel have been killed while using the vehicles. The use of the Snatch in Afghanistan and Iraq has caused troops to name it a "Mobile Coffin". In 2010 the MoD was in the process of procuring a number of vehicles with increased levels of protection, although of reduced mobility, to supplement
18518756
Snatch Land Rover


the Snatch Land Rover would be replaced by a new "light patrol vehicle". This new vehicle was revealed by the Ministry of Defence as the Ocelot on 22 September 2010. In 2011 it was confirmed that an unmanned variant of the vehicle is a component of the Talisman route clearing system intended to counter IED attack. The vehicle is known as the Panama remote controlled vehicle and is used to forward mount a sensor suite to avoid the need for EOD operators to dismount. In the wake of the 2011 riots in the UK
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Panama remote controlled vehicle


); two HMEEs; and two Talon UGVs. The vehicles are considerably cheaper than a bespoke solution, as they make use of the SN2A Snatch Land Rover, which was rendered obsolete due to poor armour protection. The military had approximately 200 of these vehicles awaiting disposal. The vehicle has been in use in Afghanistan since early 2011. The project took 11 months to move from procurement decision to operational use, and cost £50m in total, £9m less than expected. The use of the Snatch Land Rovers
18151473
Land Rover


from the Alvis Scorpion light tank. A small number was manufactured, and they were used by Ghana, among others. The Land Rover is used by military forces throughout the world. The current generation of Land Rover used by British Army, the Snatch 2, have upgraded and strengthened chassis and suspension compared to civilian-specification vehicles. There is also the Land Rover WMIK (weapon mounted installation kit) used by British Army. The WMIK consists of a driver, a raised gun, usually a Browning heavy machine gun or
19047302
Land Rover Defender


cylinder Ford Duratorq engine that is also used as a replacement for the Td5 in civilian vehicles. The British Army's Land Rovers have been the subject of criticism following recent operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. The majority of British Service Land Rovers carry no armour-plating and the composite armoured SNATCH Land Rover (originally designed to withstand small arms fire and hand-launched projectiles as experienced in Northern Ireland) is not immune to the larger roadside bomb and rocket attacks. Some have called for British troops to be equipped with Humvees,
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Snatch Land Rover


and the success of the Pangolin Armoured Public Order Vehicles used in Northern Ireland, some British police forces approached the OVIK Group to recycle former Snatch Land Rovers into cost effective Public Order Vehicles. This led to the creation of the Phoenix - B6+ Armoured Vehicle. The refit takes up to 340 work hours to complete. This includes full engine and transmission refurbishment, significant upgrades to all brakes, addition of full 'public order kit' which included hardening of all doors, wings and bonnet, external fire protection system and finally
18518761
Snatch Land Rover


"desertised" and reclassified as the Snatch-1.5. Most were upgraded to a second variant standard, either These later versions were retro-fitted with "300 Tdi" diesel engines and the 2A is also fitted with air conditioning. Some Snatch 2 are being further upgraded to the Snatch Vixen standard with chassis and drivetrain enhancements for a higher GVW. When deployed, the vehicles are often fitted with electronic countermeasures electronic suites, which are designed to prevent certain types of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) being triggered, and Bowman radio communications
18518753
Snatch Land Rover


Forces in Northern Ireland. Manufactured as the CAMAC CAV 100 by NP Aerospace, the "Snatch" conversion was developed with the aid of Ricardo, and is fitted with CAMAC composite armour to offer the crew protection against kinetic energy projectiles and, to a very limited degree, against explosive devices. Its rated "combat weight" (without crew and weapons) is 3,050 kg. Six versions have been produced, the first being the original Snatch-1, equipped with a V8 petrol engine. Nearly 1,000 were produced, with 278 being
18518752
Snatch Land Rover


the vehicle fleets in Afghanistan and Iraq. Existing orders for the Pinzgauer Vector and the Bulldog, based on the FV432, were increased. New vehicles, the Mastiff (6×6) and Ridgback (4×4), based on the Cougar, which is produced by the US firm Force Protection Inc, are under procurement. Some of these vehicles have been delivered and deployed to theatre. The UK MoD is also procuring 420 Panther CLV 4×4 vehicles in the Command and Liaison role. Mine and IED protection are prime features on this vehicle
18518757
Defence School of Transport


cars, vans and trucks to mechanical handling equipment and specialised military vehicles. The Driver Training Squadron (DTS) provides training so personnel can obtain the most common driving licence categories (Cat B, C, C+E, D and D1). The Military Driver Training Squadron (MDTS) provides driver training on military wheeled platforms such as the Land Rover Wolf and Snatch Land Rover, MAN Support Vehicles (6 and 9 tonne) and the Demountable Rack Offload and Pickup System (DROPS). The squadron also provides Basic Close Combat
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Snatch Land Rover


. The conservative peer Lord Astor of Hever raising the comparison and inviting comment. In response the Minister for Defence Procurement, Lord Drayson, acknowledged that the Snatch was inappropriate but identified that trade-offs around protection and mobility were required, as well as highlighting previous maintainability issues with an earlier version of the Cougar. Similar issues were then reported in a Sunday Telegraph opinion piece and other news outlets. These also recognised the need for trade-off decisions to be made around posture and mobility. Media reporting continued to escalate the
18518755
Quentin Davies


' equipment and called the government's attitude to the consideration of the lack of military equipment 'cavalier at best, criminal at worst'. Major Sebastien Morley resigned after four soldiers under his command were killed whilst serving in the Army's Snatch Land Rovers which are lightly armoured and cannot withstand roadside bombs; the Snatches have been described as 'mobile coffins' by the soldiers. The government subsequently ordered new armoured vehicles to the areas in an effort to increase the security of those serving in the warzone and indeed to prevent
21984743
Range Rover


the only model offered in the American market. In 1993, with the arrival of the Defender 110 and the imminent arrival of the Land Rover Discovery, the company's U.S. sales were under the name "Land Rover North America". In 2004, Land Rover launched another model under the Range Rover brand – the Range Rover Sport, which was based on the Land Rover Discovery platform, but the new Range Rover Sport has the latest Range Rover platform. In 2011, the Range Rover Evoque was launched. The first-
13731009
Land Rover Tangi


The Land Rover Tangi is a type of armoured vehicle, based on the Land Rover chassis used in policing in Northern Ireland. They were used by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) and are currently used by their replacement, the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI). The vehicle was designed and built in house by the Royal Ulster Constabulary's own engineers. Due to the Troubles in Northern Ireland the RUC had long used armoured vehicles to provide protection to its officers. The first to be based on the Land Rover
256276
Land Rover Perentie


The Land Rover Perentie is a nickname for the Land Rover 110 produced by JRA Limited for the Australian Army, and part manufactured and assembled in Moorebank, New South Wales, during the 1980s and 1990s. There were two build contracts. The first was in 1988 and the second build quantity occurred in 1998. The Perentie was based on the Land Rover Defender 110, and was introduced in 1987 to replace the ageing fleet of Series 2A and 3 Land Rovers. The Land Rover Perenties were produced in 4 x 4 and 6
10364751
Gunbarrel Road Construction Party


the formation of the GRCP. The first was from Mabel Creek station (west of Coober Pedy) to Emu Field (Feb-Mar 1953), the second was from Maralinga to Emu Field (Aug-Sep 1955). Bill Lloyd was then a member of his road building team. In November 1955 the first members of the GRCP, all hand-picked by Beadell, rendezvoused near Coober Pedy with their vehicles and equipment to start work. The convoy consisted of three trucks, two Land Rovers, a grader,
11426001
Land Rover Llama


The Land Rover Llama is a vehicle that was designed and developed by the British company Land Rover in the mid-1980s. 11 prototypes and a single production vehicle were built during 1986/7 with the hope of winning a contract from the Ministry of Defence (MoD) to replace its existing fleet of Land Rover 101 gun tractors. Heavily based on the contemporary Land Rover One Ten, the Llama was intended to be sold on both the military and civilian markets. However, the MoD did not choose Land Rover's design and without the security
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Land Rover Llama


version. Project Llama began in 1985. The chassis was based on that of the One Ten, and that vehicle's basic layout was adopted. The chassis was made of thicker steel than normal Land Rover chassis. Land Rover claimed that 85% of the chassis and drivetrain components of the Llama were taken from existing Land Rover models. A 3.5-litre (215 c.u.) Rover V8 with Zenith/Stromberg carburetters was used, tuned to deliver 110 horsepower (less than the power developed by the same engine in other Land Rover
9113188
Land Rover Owner


Land Rover Owner International (LRO) is a monthly magazine for Land Rover enthusiasts published by Bauer Consumer Media, based in Peterborough, United Kingdom. The first issue of "Land Rover Owner" was launched in July 1987 and featured a picture of Captain Mark Phillips and his horse on the front cover. The second issue front cover featured the Queen with her Series III Land Rover. The third front cover showed a Land Rover being driven off-road, which is what has been featured on the front cover ever since.
7607195
Land Rover Discovery Sport


The Land Rover Discovery Sport (codename L550) is a compact luxury crossover SUV produced by British automotive company Jaguar Land Rover under their Land Rover marque. The vehicle went on sale during September 2014, with first deliveries in early 2015. It replaces the Freelander in a revised Land Rover range of vehicles, with Discovery joining Range Rover as a sub-brand. The Discovery Sport is based on the JLR D8/LR-MS platform, customised for off-road applications, and is powered by a range of four cylinder
18419262
Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon Centre


The Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon Centre, which is situated north-west of the village of Gaydon, Warwickshire, England, is one of the principal engineering centres of Jaguar Land Rover and the location of the headquarters of Land Rover. The site houses a design, research and development centre and extensive test track facilities and is used for the design and development of Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles. The site, along with the smaller Aston Martin facility adjacent, occupies the land that was once the RAF V bomber base of RAF Gaydon
3694431
Range Rover (L322)


). The L30 project was a joint one involving engineers from both Rover Group and BMW and was initially based at BMW's FIZ Engineering Centre in Munich before transferring to Land Rover's Solihull plant for the final stages prior to volume production. Munich was chosen to house the team as Rover Group's Gaydon Engineering facility was already working on the new MINI (R50) project as well as other MG, Rover and Land Rover projects and did not have enough space for another large engineering team to be based there. The sale
505708
Land Rover Wolf


The Land Rover Wolf is a light military vehicle based on the Land Rover Defender. The MoD designates the Wolf 90 as Truck Utility Light (TUL) HS and the Wolf 110 as Truck Utility Medium (TUM) HS. Where HS stands for High Specification. Land Rover calls it eXtra Duty (XD). From the debate in British parliament of 18 January 1996: "The Land Rover vehicle, known commercially as Defender XD, has been subjected to extensive and rigorous trialling in order to ensure that it can meet the
8834268
Off-roading


retaining the Range Rover's V8 engine and coil-spring suspension in a light, easy to maneuvre body. In recent years the value of early Land Rovers and Range Rovers has risen to the extent that this is no longer practical. CCV triallers now usually base their vehicles around Land Rover 90s or a standard 100-inch chassis from a Range Rover or Series I Discovery. The Suzuki SJ series of vehicles also make good bases for CCV-spec vehicles. Some vehicles are specially built, taking the form of light "buggies"
19952424
James Stothert


the pitch. Stothert appeared to have a negative impact on the Rovers team as within minutes of coming on Wanderer's made it 1-2. At half-time it was 2-2. Stothert' negative impact continued into the 2nd half. He missed an open goal much to the displeasure of the Rovers crowd. Then Wanderer's made it 4-2. Stothert redeemed himself by scoring to bring Rovers' back to 3-4. Rover's snatched a point with a 4th goal right at the end of
11794422
Panama remote controlled vehicle


The Panama Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) is a piece of mine-clearing equipment used by the British Armed Forces. The Panama ROV consists of a Snatch Land Rover modified for remote control operation, with a large piece of mine-detection equipment mounted to the front. It was created by Defence Equipment and Support, part of the Ministry of Defence, in conjunction with PA Consulting Group as a low-cost solution to mine detection in the War in Afghanistan. Before the introduction of the Panama, an average of one
18151471
Ocelot (vehicle)


in London. Two units were purchased by the British Ministry of Defence (MoD) in April 2010 for further testing. On 22 September 2010, the MoD announced that the Ocelot would replace the Snatch Land Rover, the previous LPPV, which has received criticism for its lack of protection against roadside bombs. The MoD has renamed the vehicle Foxhound in line with the "dog" names given to other wheeled armoured vehicles in British use, such as "Mastiff" and "Ridgeback". The original order was for 300 vehicles
20680075
Richard Dannatt


his opposite numbers in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force respectively. In the letter, he asserted his view that the Army was over-stretched by operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and that essential equipment, such as helicopters, was unavailable or ineffective and outdated, like the Snatch Land Rover. He also raised concerns with the standard of accommodation provided for soldiers at home and with soldiers' wages. The following weekend, he travelled to Afghanistan on his first official visit as CGS. He met Des Browne in person for the
3898681
Maurice Wilks


the name "Land Rover" was coined for it. By the summer of 1947 Rover had built a prototype "Land Rover" vehicle based on a Jeep chassis. In September 1947, the Rover company authorised the production of 50 pre-production models for evaluation purposes. The "Land Rover" was launched to the world at the 1948 Amsterdam Motor Show. Maurice Wilks was a leading light in the establishment and development of the proving ground facilities of the Motor Industry Research Association. Maurice Wilks remained chief engineer until appointed technical
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Range Rover (P38A)


the Range Rover P38 or P38A outside of Land Rover, after the office building in which the vehicle development team was based. During the early development stages, the Engineering team was based in the Engineering Block at Solihull, and the vehicle was known by the project designations of 'Pegasus' and 'Discovery,' changing to P38A when the team moved to Block 38A at Solihull. The name 'Discovery' was used temporarily as a cover to confuse journalists while the original Discovery vehicle was being developed. During production Land Rover
505772
Land Rover G4 Challenge


the team dynamics for the 2008/9 Challenge, there would be one male and one female competitor from each country competing as a team with their own team Land Rover against other participating countries. In the previous Challenges there had been one competitor per country, male or female and countries were not allocated their own Land Rover. Instead the entire range of Land Rovers - Range Rover, Freelander, Discovery and Defender were driven by each competitor over the course of the event in individual vehicle based challenges which supplemented the adventure sports element. The
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Land Rover engines


increased after its introduction. Time has shown that these engines can turn in long service lives if maintained as required—like many early turbodiesels, a lack of maintenance causes failure. Used in: Land Rover Ninety/One Ten/127 and Land Rover Llama prototype. In 1989 Land Rover had launched the Discovery its Range Rover-based family 4×4 that quickly became Europe's top-selling 4×4. One of the key reasons for its success was its ground-breaking turbo-diesel engine. The 200Tdi was one of the first mass
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Range Rover


Land Rover marque) was experimenting with a larger model than the Land Rover Series in 1951, when the Rover P4-based two-wheel-drive "Road Rover" project was developed by Gordon Bashford. This was shelved in 1958, and the idea lay dormant until 1966, when engineers Spen King and Bashford set to work on a new model. In 1967, the first Range Rover prototype was built (number plate SYE 157F), with the classic Range Rover shape discernible, but with a different front grille and headlight configuration
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Land Rover Perentie


Solihull-built, Defender-based Land Rover 110 vehicles now commissioned. George Fowler, LRA engineering, who is responsible for the development of this latest production-based Land Rover 110, said the order for the new TD5 Defender was a breakthrough for LRA in the ADF vehicle procurement program." "The ADF has decided to use a production vehicle which is designed for a ten-year period of service. This decision recognises the increased levels of reliability and durability of a Solihull-production Defender 110, with the new
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Snatch Land Rover


. In September 2010, Force Protection Europe, developer of the Ocelot light armoured vehicle, has been selected as the preferred bidder in U.K. Ministry of Defense (MoD) Light Protected Patrol Vehicle (LPPV) program. According to FPE, the first Ocelot vehicles are expected to be available for the training of UK forces in 2011. The initial phase will require up to 400 new vehicles to be delivered by 2010-2011. FPE won this competition against the all-British Supacat group, offering the Supacat Protected Vehicle (SPV
18518758
Battle of the CIMIC House


soldiers were injured seriously in the battle, the only fatality on the British side was Private Chris Rayment who died when a traffic barrier fell on his head, after the linkage was caught by a Snatch Land Rover which was entering the camp in a convoy, under heavy enemy fire. Mahdi Army casualties at the end of the battle were estimated by the British to be at least 200 dead, leaving them as a seriously depleted force in Al Amarah, incapable of attacking the British in large numbers for the remainder of the coalition
5323066
Jaguar Land Rover


2012, Jaguar Land Rover announced the creation of 1,000 new jobs at its Halewood plant, and a shift to 24-hour production at the plant. In the same month, Jaguar Land Rover and the China-based carmaker Chery agreed to invest an initial US$2.78 billion in a new joint venture, the activities of which would include the manufacture of Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles and engines, the establishment of a research and development facility, the creation of a new automobile marque, and sales of vehicles produced by the company. Jaguar
14207324
Land Rover Defender


became the Land Rover Defender, instead of the Land Rover 90 or 110. This was because in 1989 the company had introduced the Discovery model, requiring the original Land Rover to acquire a name. The Discovery also had a new turbodiesel engine, the 200TDi. This was also loosely based on the existing 2.5-litre turbo unit, and was built on the same production line, but had a modern alloy cylinder head, improved turbocharging, intercooling and direct injection. It retained the block, crankshaft, main bearings, cambelt system,
18198240
Land Rover Discovery


, offer two vehicles based on a modified Discovery 4 platforms. The Specialist Utility Vehicle 600 (SUV 600) is a production standard Land Rover Discovery 4 that is converted to 6x6 or 6x4 configuration for use in the emergency services and wider utility sectors. The Light Reconnaissance Vehicle 400 (LRV 400) is an open lightweight 4x4 vehicle of the Land Rover Defender class. The LRV 400 was developed based on a combination of market research and customer feedback from the 2011-unveiling of a proof-of-concept closed cab variant. Development
18198177
Land Rover Wolf


Later upgrades were made with the first one in 2006, 2009, and 2010. Wolf was marketed in other countries than the UK but many foreign military Land Rover procurement agencies felt they did not need the extra strength and reliability of the Wolf because the older models had passed their own testing and Wolf was too expensive. Vehicles based on the Wolf were proposed for requirements raised by Canada and the USMC but not selected. Other nations' service Land Rovers are visually very similar, particularly Italy's, but are in fact based
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Land Rover engines


of the upcoming Euro III emissions standards. The existing L-Series 2-litre diesel was not suitable for use in Land Rover products and could not be developed into such a unit. It was decided to design a new diesel engine family that could be produced in various capacities and states of tune suitable for all of Rover's needs. The development was codenamed Project Storm and design responsibility was given to Land Rover who were to build the engines. The result was a range of engines using the L-Series as a base—
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Land Rover


2 (LR2) prototypes. The new hybrid system is being designed as a scalable and modular system that could be applied across a variety of Land Rover models and powertrains. Land Rover unveiled the LRX hybrid concept at the 2008 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, for it to be going into production. An ERAD will enable the car to run on electric power at speeds below . In September 2011, the Range Rover Evoque was launched, though it was based on the LRX hybrid concept presented at the 2008 North American
19047290
Land Rover 1/2 ton Lightweight


The Lightweight 1/2 ton was a British military vehicle supplied by Land Rover. In the early 1960s both the Royal Marines, then largely based aboard commando carriers, and the British Army required a vehicle that could be carried by air. They had taken delivery of the Westland Wessex helicopter, which could carry a load slung beneath. The smallest Land Rover available at the time was a Series IIA 88 inch (2235 mm) wheelbase, which was too heavy. Land Rover began work on a lightweight version to fit the specifications in
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British Forces casualties in Afghanistan since 2001


while he participated in a mobile patrol. On 27 June, Captain David Patton, aged 38, who was a member of the Special Reconnaissance Regiment (SRR) and Sergeant Paul Bartlett, aged 35, who was a member of the Special Boat Service (SBS) were killed near the town of Sangin, Helmand Province, Southern Afghanistan. Having been forced to abandon their "Snatch" Land Rover after it was struck by an RPG they were then engaged in a fierce firefight with Taliban forces during which both men were killed
14905077
British Forces casualties in Afghanistan since 2001


impact, although not as significant as the impact of British casualties in Iraq. This is mainly because the three main British political parties (Labour, Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats) all support British operations in the country. However British casualties in the middle of 2006 did lead to the government's decision to reinforce the British contingent. Toward the end of 2008 the numbers of troops being killed or seriously injured while travelling in lightly armoured Snatch Land Rovers in both Iraq and Afghanistan raised questions in the United Kingdom Parliament about the suitability
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Snatch Land Rover


. Use of the vehicle has been the subject of criticism by the media, politicians and the families of some casualties in both the Afghan and Iraqi areas of British operations. This criticism became public knowledge in 2005 when the media published claims from civil servants in the Foreign & Commonwealth Office and Department for International Development advising against the use of the vehicles. Later concerns were raised in Parliament, presenting comparison with the U.S. Marine Corps deployment of the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) Cougar, which appeared to have provided more protection
18518754
Snatch Land Rover


) SPV-400. The Ocelot has an approximate gross vehicle weight of only 16,500 pounds. Its cabin is made of a protective pod, made of advanced composite materials incorporating Formula One racing technology. Critical components such as the engine, fuel tank and transmission are contained in the V-shaped armoured ‘spine’ that deflects potential blast away from the pod, thus protecting the occupants and critical key components. Former British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, announced on 6 March 2010, during his surprise visit to troops in Afghanistan, that
18518759
History of the Special Air Service


), carried out 175 combat missions during a six-month tour of duty. In January 2004, Major James Stenner and Sergeant Norman Patterson were killed when their vehicle hit a concrete roadblock whilst driving through the Green Zone at night; the SAS's targets during this period (before it was integrated into JSOC in late 2005 to early 2006) were former Ba'athist party regime elements. By early 2005, the SAS supplemented their land rover and Snatch vehicles with M1114 Humvee's for better protection; in southern Iraq, the SAS
19308700
Laurinburg–Maxton Army Air Base


code, preflighting both the C-47 and the glider, flying the C-47 while towing the glider and lots of night flying practice. One of the more interesting concepts taught at the base was the "snatch pick-up" which was used to retrieve gliders on the ground by C-47s flying over them. This technique was important as gliders (which were undamaged after landing) were loaded with wounded soldiers from an open field where a runway did not exist. The glider could be "snatched" and pulled into the air by the
13226238
Rover Company


The Rover Company Limited was a British car manufacturing company that operated from its base in Solihull in Warwickshire. Its lasting reputation for quality and performance was such that its first postwar model reviewed by "Road & Track" in 1952 was pronounced finer than any but a Rolls-Royce. Rover also manufactured the Land-Rover from 1948 onwards, which went on to become its most successful and profitable product — with Land Rover eventually becoming a separate brand in its own right. Rover was sold to Leyland Motors in 1967, who
3447578
Solihull plant


, except for Land Rover vehicles, ceased at Lode Lane. Land Rover and Range Rover as specialist lines of the old Rover Company had remained relatively unscathed from the British Leyland bankruptcy and were split as separate operating company based there. The Rover SD1 assembly hall and paint shop were mothballed, and production of that car was moved to the former Morris plant in Cowley, Oxfordshire. All future Rover car production would take place both here, and at the Austin assembly plant in Longbridge. Following the de-merger of Jaguar from
700939
Land Rover engines


an end the line of Land Rover 4-cylinder engines that can be traced back to 1957. The Td5 engine was loosely based on the Rover Group's L-series diesel engine. The 300Tdi remained in production in Brazil, and was offered as an option on rest of world (non-UK/Europe) models. Following Ford's acquisition of Land Rover in 2000, the engine was used in Brazilian-built Ford pick-up trucks as well. Increasingly restrictive emissions laws worldwide and falling sales led to production of the
16296414
Land Rover Discovery Sport


at the trailing edge of the bonnet panel and protects a pedestrian's head from striking the base of the windscreen. The Discovery Sport is of unibody construction, unlike the larger full size Discovery model which features a traditional body-on-frame. The platform used for the Discovery Sport is the Land Rover LR-MS platform, shared with the Range Rover Evoque and derived from the Ford EUCD platform, but with 90% of components redesigned from scratch to meet Land Rover's specific demands, primarily related to off-road
18419267
Land Rover


have affiliated with each other. Land Rover owners were also early adopters of virtual clubs that are entirely based online. Bill Caloccia created the original Land Rover Owner email list (LRO) as single marque offshoot of the British Cars email list in May 1990. Bill later created email lists in the mid 1990s for Range Rovers (RRO) and various regions (e.g., UK-LRO, AU-LRO, ZA-LRO, EU-LRO, IT-LRO, NL-LRO). In California members of the
19047311
Land Rover Discovery


third row, though it is now largely cosmetic in comparison to the previous models and the roof now has a strong taper to the back. The interior closely follows that from other contemporary Land Rover models, while continuing the 3-row tradition of the Discovery. The new Discovery 5 incorporates several changes over its predecessors. For the first time, the Discovery is based around Land Rover's aluminium architecture, first introduced on the Range Rover (L405). The use of aluminium chassis and body panels gives a weight loss of up to
18198173
Gordon Gentle


Fusilier Gordon Gentle (born & originally known as Gordon MacCrae) was a 19-year-old soldier from Pollok, Glasgow, who died in Iraq on 28 June 2004, after completing his 26-week basic training course at the Infantry Training Centre in Catterick. He was serving with the 1st Battalion Royal Highland Fusiliers. Gordon's lightly armoured Snatch Land Rover was destroyed by a roadside bomb. His mother Rose Gentle has since campaigned for better protected vehicles for UK forces and the return of British troops from Iraq. With Reg Keys she is
1457521
British Forces casualties in Afghanistan since 2001


9 August 2006, Private Leigh Reeves aged 25, from the Royal Logistic Corps, died in a road traffic accident at Camp Souter, Kabul. There was no insurgent involvement. On 4 September 2006 Private Craig O'Donnell, aged 24, B Company of The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, 5th Battalion the Royal Regiment of Scotland died in a suicide bomb attack on the Snatch Land Rover he was travelling in. On 22 March, Corporal Mark Cridge, aged 25, from 7 Signal Regiment died in Camp Bastion, Afghanistan. The
14905075
British Forces casualties in Afghanistan since 2001


was killed on 12 December during a fierce firefight with Taliban fighters in the town of Now Zad in Helmand Province, Southern Afghanistan. Lance Bombardier James Dwyer, of 29 Commando Regiment, Royal Artillery died on Wednesday 27 December 2006, aged 22. He was killed when the vehicle he was driving struck an anti-tank mine while on a patrol in southern Helmand. Various reports give the crew as four—the normal complement for a Snatch Land Rover—although another report describes the vehicle as a WMIK Marine Thomas Curry,
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British Forces casualties in Afghanistan since 2001


Paul "Sandy" Sandford, aged 23, from Nottingham, serving with 1st Battalion The Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters, was killed while taking part in an offensive patrol with his company aimed at disrupting Taliban forces in the Upper Gereshk Valley area of Helmand Province on Wednesday 6 June 2007. Guardsman Neil 'Tony' Downes was killed on Saturday 9 June 2007 when his Snatch Land Rover vehicle was hit by an explosion on a patrol with the Afghan National Army close to the town of Sangin in Helmand province, Afghanistan. Guardsman Downes
14905098
British Forces casualties in Afghanistan since 2001


was aged 20 and from Manchester Drummer Thomas Wright, aged 21, from Ripley, Derbyshire, 1st Battalion The Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment, was killed on Sunday 24 June 2007 when the Snatch Land Rover vehicle he was travelling in was caught in an explosion near Lashkar Gah, Helmand province. Four other soldiers were also injured in the explosion. Captain Sean Dolan of the 1st Battalion, aged 40, The Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment, died as a result of a mortar round in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, on Saturday
14905099
History of the Special Air Service


Reeve and Lance Corporals Richard Larkin and Paul Stout hit a mine in Helmand province, killing all four. In October Major Sebastian Morley, their commander in Afghanistan, resigned over what he described as "gross negligence" on the part of the Ministry of Defence that contributed to the deaths of four British troops under his command. Morley stated that the MoD's failure to properly equip his troops with adequate equipment forced them to use lightly armoured Snatch Land Rovers to travel around Afghanistan. SAS reservists were withdrawn from frontline duty in 2010
19308690
Rover V8 engine


ZT 260 from 2003-2005. The Rover V8 remained with Land Rover when it was sold to Ford by BMW. Although Land Rover has switched to the Jaguar AJ-V8 engine for new applications, they wanted production of the engine to continue, and they arranged for production to restart in Weston-super-Mare under MCT, an engineering and manufacturing company. MCT will continue limited production of the engine for the foreseeable future, supplying engines for aftermarket and replacement use. The Rover V8 based on the Buick design was
18254756
Mars Exploration Rover


nuts that were released after landing with small explosives. After the lander stopped bouncing and rolling on the ground, it came to rest on the base of the tetrahedron or one of its sides. The sides then opened to make the base horizontal and the rover upright. The sides are connected to the base by hinges, each of which has a motor strong enough to lift the lander. The rover plus lander has a mass of about 533 kilograms (1,175 pounds). The rover alone has a mass of about . The
14843596
Centre Steer


The Centre Steer is the name given by enthusiasts to the prototype of the Land Rover 4x4 automobile. Being a prototype, only one example was built and the production vehicle differed significantly in many ways. Developed in late 1947 by the Rover Motor Co., the Land Rover was intended to be an agricultural vehicle based on the successful wartime Willys Jeep. Raw materials for car building were allocated by the government based on the company's export performance (as this earned much-needed trade revenue for post-war Britain). Because
2768434
The Car's the Star


Mustang (30 Oct. 1994)br S02E01 – Land Rover (17 Feb. 1995)br S02E02 – Triumph Herald (24 Feb. 1995)br S02E03 – Austin-Healey (3 Mar. 1995)br S02E04 – Volkswagen Golf GTI (9 May 1995)br S02E05 – Fiat 500 (16 May 1995)br S02E06 – Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud (23 May 1995)br S03E01 – Reliant Robin (14 Sep. 1996)br S03E02 – Jaguar Mark 2 (9 Nov. 1996)br S03E03 – Citroen 2CV (16 Nov. 1996)br S04E01 – Jaguar E-Type (13 Oct. 1997)br S04E02 – Austin Mini (20 Oct.
20200745
Special Support and Reconnaissance Company


, the accepted soldiers have one year probation, before they get their beret with the SSR insignia, and can be considered full members The unit ancestor: the Homeguard Special Intelligence Patrols (SEP) was founded in 1959 during the Cold War. SEP was disbanded in 1994 and Patrol Coy Land Command Zealand was established from the SEP unit in 1995. The unit was first assigned as a Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol Coy to the Land Command Zealand (Corps-level) and later on the Danish Army Operational Command as Patrol Coy AOC
11278728
Lake Seppings


why cockle shells can be found preserved in the soil. Sea levels then fell to current levels about 8000 years ago leaving Lake Seppings from the coast line. Lands along the eastern shore of the lake once were part of an estate belonging to Joseph Spencer of Balgarrup near Kojonup in 1884. In 1887 it was proposed to the Albany Municipal Council by Councillor Robert Andrew Muir that the Council apply to the Government to grant the land surrounding Lake Seppings as a Commonage for the Municipality. The council later voted on the application in 1888
21052759
Sarah Bryant (British Army soldier)


Psychological Operations Effects Team, was part of the PsyOps Support Element (PSE) supporting Headquarters 16 Air Assault Brigade, commanding Task Force Helmand. Corporal Bryant died whilst taking part in an operation east of Lashkar Gah when the Land Rover SNATCH 2 vehicle in which she and four other soldiers were travelling in received the blast of an improvised explosive device. All but one of the occupants of the vehicle died. After her remains had been repatriated to RAF Lyneham, Bryant's military funeral took place at Holy Trinity church in Wetheral,
1089981
British Forces casualties in Afghanistan since 2001


southern Afghanistan 25 February 2009. The soldiers died from wounds sustained as a result of their Snatch Land Rover being struck by an enemy IED during an escort operation in the Gereshk district of Helmand province. Marine Michael Laski, aged 21, from the Signals Detachment, Yankee Company, 45 Commando Royal Marines died peacefully in Selly Oak Hospital, Birmingham, UK on 25 February 2009 of wounds sustained from enemy fire while on a reassurance patrol in near Sangin in Northern Helmand on Monday 23 February. Marine Laski was taking part in a
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British Forces casualties in Afghanistan since 2001


Provost Company, 3rd Regiment, Royal Military Police, were killed in Afghanistan. The two Service personnel were killed by a suicide bomber during a patrol in Gereshk, Helmand province, in the afternoon of Thursday 7 May 2009. The men had dismounted from their Snatch Vixen Land Rover when they were approached by the bomber on a motorbike, who then immediately detonated his device. 21 Afghan civilians were also killed and 3 other soldiers and 30 Afghans injured. Rifleman Adrian Sheldon from 2nd Battalion The Rifles was killed in Helmand province during
14905161
Chery Jaguar Land Rover


in discussions about the possible creation of a Chinese joint venture manufacturing company in August 2010. In March 2012, Chery and Jaguar Land Rover announced plans to invest an initial US$2.78 billion in a new Mainland China-based joint venture to manufacture Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles and engines, as well as the establishment of a research and development centre and the creation of a new automobile marque. The establishment of the joint venture received the formal approval of the National Development and Reform Commission in November 2012. Construction of Chery Jaguar Land
225567
Land Rover Wolf


was satisfied. It is far stronger and more reliable than the Land Rover Defender on which it was based. When the Wolf was designed the engine in the civilian Defenders was the Td5. Land Rover preferred the 300Tdi for the Wolf because the electronics in the Td5 were more complex to manage in the field. The 300Tdi on a Wolf uses a slightly different design of timing cover compared to the civilian version. The testing was extremely rigorous and Salisbury axles kept breaking, the axle was redesigned using stronger internals, hubs and outer
8834270
Land Rover Group


with each division remaining operationally separate. This was a short-lived arrangement. In 1986 Leyland Bus became a private company, the subject of a management buy-out, later being acquired by Volvo. In 1987 the Leyland Trucks division and the Freight Rover van making interests merged with the Dutch DAF Trucks company to form DAF NV, with Leyland DAF as a UK-based manufacturing and sales division. DAF NV was later floated on the Dutch stock exchange. Land Rover was retained by the Rover Group and the latter was
12149381
Range Rover Evoque


in September. The Evoque platform, named LR-MS, is loosely based on the Ford EUCD platform (which was used on the company's Freelander 2) but 90% of its parts were redesigned. The British Motor Industry Heritage Trust was given the first vehicle off the line to add to their collection, held at the Heritage Motor Centre in Gaydon, but Land Rover ambassador Zara Phillips became the first person to take delivery of a new Range Rover Evoque. Prior to going on sale in September 2011, Land Rover
12205858
British Forces casualties in Afghanistan since 2001


received wounds which required medical attention. Corporal Sarah Bryant of the Intelligence Corps, Corporal Sean Robert Reeve of the Royal Signals, Lance Corporal Richard Larkin and Trooper Paul Stout of the Special Air Service reserves were killed in a roadside bomb incident approximately 10 km East of Lashkar Gah, Hemland Province at 1540hrs on Tuesday 17 June 2008. All four soldiers were killed while taking part in a deliberate operation east of Lashkar Gah when the Snatch Land Rover in which they were travelling was caught in an explosion. Another soldier was wounded in
14905125
Volvo XC60


. The XC60 has been Volvo's best selling car since 2009. Manufactured by subsidiary Volvo Car Gent in Ghent, Belgium, the first generation XC60 is based on Volvo's P3 platform and the XC60 shares technology with the Land Rover Freelander of 2007. At the time of development, both Land Rover and Volvo were owned by Ford and development was split between the two subsidiaries. Much of the engineering and tuning of this CUV was done by Volvo in Sweden, although offroad capabilities were done at Land Rover in England. In
12680108
Phil Popham


Land Rover’s UK Sales Directorship. Two years of record sales and profits helped propel him to appointment as Managing Director Jaguar and Land Rover (UK) in March 2003. A promotion to Director of Global Operations for Land Rover followed in February 2006, leading almost immediately (April 2006) to his being elevated to the Managing Director role. As he said at the time "it is a great honour and challenge to take the helm of such an iconic brand" Popham has presided over a major UK-based automotive success
1423576
Land Rover


customers get the most out of their vehicles' on and off-road capability. The flagship centres are Land Rover's bases at Solihull, Eastnor, Gaydon and Halewood. Courses offered include off-road driving, winching and trailer handling, along with a variety of corporate and individual 'Adventure Days'. The factory centres at Solihull and Halewood have manufacturing tours, while Gaydon has an engineering tour. Model-by-model road accident statistics from the UK Department for Transport show that the Land Rover Defender is one of
19047304
Land Rover series


and head of Land Rover development was in charge of approving the changes Minerva wanted to make to the Land Rover as well as setting the factory up to assemble the vehicles. Santana Motor S.A. was a Spanish car manufacturer based in Linares, in the province of Jaén, Spain. The company was founded as "Metalúrgica de Santa Ana, SA" and originally manufactured agricultural equipment. The company was set up with a start up of just 3 million pesetas, following a drive by the Spanish government in 1954 who were offering start
8337240
Mohafiz (vehicle)


more powerful 4.5 litre diesel engine could be installed to provide a higher power-to-weight ratio. Although the first example of the Mohafiz is based on a Toyota Land Cruiser chassis, it could also be built on other 4 × 4 chassis. This includes the Land Rover Defender 110 (4 × 4), which is already in service with the Pakistani Army in large numbers. Vehicles supplied to Iraq were based on a Land Rover 110 (4 × 4) chassis. The Mohafiz APC has an all-welded
21745311
Halewood Body & Assembly


would commence at Halewood from 2001 onwards. In 2007, Halewood commenced production of the second generation Land Rover Freelander model, Freelander 2, and a dirt track test facility was constructed at Halewood specifically for Freelander 2 and subsequent Land Rover models. In March 2008, Ford finalised a deal to sell Jaguar and Land Rover to Tata Motors, part of the Indian-based Tata Group, one of the world's largest manufacturers of commercial vehicles. Under the terms of the deal, Ford retained ownership of Halewood's transmission plant which
16228933
Land Rover engines


greatly reduced engine life. The 10J engine was also adapted into a marine engine by Mercury of the USA and sold under the Mercruiser 165 name. Used in: Land Rover Series II, Series III, and One Ten; also Carbodies FX4 (also called Austin FX4) and sold as a Mercury marine engine. There is also evidence of the 10J engine being offered as a conversion for Volga saloon cars by a Belgium-based company. Land Rover's radically updated product line was launched in 1983. Initially only the long
16296390
Land Rover engines


300Tdi ending in 2006. A much-modified 2.8-litre version was built by International Engines in Brazil until 2010, and was available as an after-market fitment to Land Rovers through specialist converters. International then became MWM International Motores and a further update of the 300Tdi design was launched as the 3.0 Power Stroke. Although based around the same block and basic architecture as the 300Tdi the Power Stroke has major differences such as electronic common rail injection and new crossflow cylinder head with Overhead camshaft. Used in: Land Rover Defender, Discovery
16296415
Land Rover Defender


Nm, mated to an 8-speed ZF 8HP automatic gearbox. Land Rover additionally fitted new springs, dampers and anti-roll bars and uprated brakes along with 18" alloy wheels and all-terrain tyres. The 70th Anniversary Defenders were "restomods" produced by Land Rover Classic division and not a new production model. They were late-model, pre-registered Defenders that were carefully selected based on age, mileage, and condition. They were built in both 90 and 110 wheelbases, with a starting price of £150,000
18198294
Land Rover


clubs break down into a number of groups of varying interests. Single Marque Clubs – Bring together owners of a specific model or series of vehicle such as the Land Rover Series One Club, or the Discovery Owners Club. Single marque clubs have a global membership. Special Vehicle Clubs – At various times Land Rover have produced vehicles for specific events or on a specific theme, most notable are the Camel Trophy and G4 Challenge vehicles which have been sold on to the general public, and a range of Defenders that were loosely based
19047307
East of England Ambulance Service


and Skoda Octavia Scouts (4x4) are the most common amongst the fleet. In addition Land Rover Freelander and Land Rover Discovery Sport operate out of a limited number of bases. Some Land Rover are used as Officer Cars, responding to major incidents (e.g. Road Traffic Collisions (RTCs) and fires) to co-oridnate resources. Renault Masters and Vauxhall Movanos are used for the Patient Transport Service. A number of these vehicles are fitted with blue lights and sirens for High Dependency (Critical care & Intensive care) transfers
19598101
Land Rover Llama


. Over 1700 101s had been sold to the MoD, plus small numbers to other military buyers. At a time when Land Rover sales were falling worldwide, winning such an order would provide a much-needed boost to the company. Land Rover had produced 'Forward Control' (i.e.- vehicles where the driving controls were positioned over or just ahead of the front axle) of its Series II models in the 1960s, based on the standard long-wheelbase chassis. It made sense to use a similar design for the new
9113187
Civil Defence Corps


. This included a new rescue ManPack, and the purchase of new vehicles. The headquarters sections were equipped with mobile control centres, despatch riders, and Land Rovers equipped for reconnaissance (e.g. to measure radiation levels, damage, and road accessibility). These were fitted with radio to communicate back to base, and could carry a second radio for forward communication to personnel on foot. To repair or establish communication, there were also field cable party Land Rovers towing trailers for cable laying. A reconnaissance detachment comprised four Land Rovers
9300697
Camel Trophy


for two Defenders instead. The 2006 Land Rover G4 Challenge promised to be tougher than the inaugural event and delivered a more vehicle-based focus. The competitors, working in bi-national teams faced thousands of miles of vehicle-based activity in Thailand, Laos, Brazil, and Bolivia. The 2008-9 G4 Challenge, supporting the Red Cross and based in Mongolia, was cancelled in December 2008 in the middle of the selection stages due to the current global economic downturn. Land Rover were forced to end the event
3141167
Lynn Bowles


2004 run of the Macmillan 4x4 UK Challenge and co-presenting the Heritage Motor Centre Land Rover show from 2005 to 2010. In the August 2013 issue of Land Rover Owner international magazine Bowles was a guest columnist 'for one month only' discussing her childhood experiences in Land Rovers and her time training for the Camel Trophy . She is an ambassador for Bobath Children's Therapy Centre Wales, a registered charity based in Cardiff that provides specialist Bobath therapy to children from all over Wales who have cerebral palsy. In the November 2007
1111940
Phil Popham


of Aston, Birmingham. Having joined Land Rover as a graduate trainee in 1988, Popham has spent all but two years of his career with the company. His first directorial role and foreign posting saw him based in South Africa as Marketing Director between 1995 and 1997. He continued to gain international experience between 1998 and 1999, as Vice President of Marketing for Land Rover North America. He then left Land Rover to become Head of Operations, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles from 1999 to 2001, before being lured back by the attractions of
1423575
Powertrain Ltd


Powertrain Ltd was a British company based in Birmingham which made some cars, manufactured and marketed car engines and transmissions. The company was owned by MG Rover Group and Phoenix Venture Holdings. It was based in the South Works at Rover's Longbridge plant. The companies main products were the K-Series four-cylinder and six-cylinder Engines and the L-Series four-cylinder diesel engine. The company mainly produced engines for MG Rover between 2000 and 2005 but also supplied Ford Land Rover with the L-Series and
21185262
Vanden Plas


scheme as sported by the original model in the 1960s. The last UK market British car to bear the Vanden Plas name was the Rover 75 at the beginning of the 21st century. The rights to the design of the Rover 75 cars and the MG Group (which had formerly been MG Rover) were purchased by a Chinese firm, Nanjing Automobile. Ford purchased the Rover name from the Rover Group's previous owner BMW to protect the Land Rover brand from Shanghai Automotive, who wanted the Rover name for their 75-based car (
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