Tana River red colobus [SEP] IUCN conservation status
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Tana River red colobus


least, been stopped by the High Court of Kenya. "Contra" Groves, it was not recognized as a species separate from the Ugandan, Central African and Thollon's red colobus in the 2008 IUCN Red List. With these as subspecies, "P. rufomitratus" is considered to be of least concern in the 2008 IUCN Red List, while "P. (r.) rufomitratus" is considered endangered. The Tana River red colobus has been under the watch of the Tana River Primate National Reserve (TRPNR). They put
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Tana River red colobus


a large amount of research and study into the conservation of the Tana River red colobus. They found that only 37% of the red colobuses lived inside the preservation itself, which has brought the conservation strategy into question. The Tana River red colobus is located only in a very small section of the world. Its current endangerment is caused by habitat loss and persecution by humans. Tropical forests are constantly being cut down, causing the destruction of habitat for the red colobus. Cultivation of the land and the creation of levees and
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Tana River Delta Ramsar Site


. This diversity in habitats permits diverse hydrological functions and a rich biodiversity including coastal and marine prawns, shrimps, bivalves and fish, five species of threatened marine turtles and IUCN red-listed African elephant (Loxodonta africana), Tana River mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus), Tana River red colobus (Procolobus rufomitratus rufomitratus) and White-collared Monkey (Cercopithecus mitis albotorquatus). Over 600 plant species have been identified, including the endangered Cynometra lukei and Gonatopus marattioides. Tana River delta is one of the only estuarine staging posts on
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Tana River red colobus


to aid digestion. Tana River red colobus monkeys tend to be sedate and quiet creatures. They live together in small numbers and give out low calls when necessary. The Tana River red colobus monkey gets its name from where it resides, along forests along the floodplain in the lower Tana River in eastern Kenya, the country's longest river. The river is roughly 1,000 km long. When the river is in a flood, the floodplain measures from one to six km in width, and about 60 to 100 m in width
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Tana River red colobus


The Tana River red colobus ("Piliocolobus rufomitratus"), also called the eastern red colobus, is a highly endangered species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to a narrow zone of gallery forest near the Tana River in southeastern Kenya. As here defined, "P. rufomitratus" is a monotypic species restricted to Kenya, following Groves. As all red colobuses, it was formerly considered a subspecies of a widespread "P. badius". Some recent authorities include "P. tephrosceles", "P. foai"
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Tana River red colobus


Tana River Colobus monkeys. Habitat disturbances, changing farming practices, and the altering course of the river were found to be the main reasons for endangerment. Another developing threat to the Tana River red colobus is the introduction of parasitic diseases to their habitats. The presence of parasites in the monkeys was noticeably higher than other primates. Colobus monkeys eat mostly leaves from a limited number of tree species. They choose mature leaf species that are high in nitrogen and low in fiber. They supplement this bulky cellulose diet with occasional unripe fruit
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Tana River red colobus


and "P. tholloni" as subspecies of "P. rufomitratus" instead of recognizing them as separate species. The Tana River red colobus had been considered one of The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates. It was, together with the equally endangered Tana River mangabey, the main reason for the creation of the Tana River Primate Reserve in 1978, but human encroachment within this reserve continues. Recently, it has been suggested that 20,000 hectares of the Tana River Delta should be transformed into sugarcane plantations, but this has, temporarily at
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Tana River mangabey


The Tana River mangabey ("Cercocebus galeritus") is a highly endangered species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. Some authorities have included the taxa "agilis" and "sanjei" as subspecies of this species, while others award these full species status. It is endemic to riverine forest patches along the lower Tana River in southeastern Kenya. It is threatened by habitat loss and degradation, which has increased in recent years. This species was, together with the equally endangered Tana River red colobus, the main reason for the
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Tana River red colobus


with the wettest months being March and April and the driest being November and December. The main vegetation that appears along the lower Tana River includes grassland, wooded grassland, bushland, deciduous woodland and lowland evergreen forest. Due to human disturbances as well as floods, patchy distributions of forests have resulted. A study was done in 1988 to determine what was causing the drastic decline of the crested mangabey and the Tana River red colobus. The forest was found to be regenerating and causing a new kind of vegetation to appeal to newer
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Tana River red colobus


species. This could have been a cause of their drop of numbers. The Tana River red colobus has a polygynous mating system especially when only one male is present. The dominance hierarchy typically determines which individuals are allowed to mate. Little is known about the reproductive cycle in the wild due to this species' constant migration. The dominant male usually mates with females within the same social group. Females initiate mating through courtship displays and copulation calls. Red colobus monkeys breed throughout the year, and have a gestation period of about
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Tana River red colobus


dykes have had the most devastating impact. Both human creations involve partial or complete forest clearing, resulting in further devastation of forest patches. Both the Tana River red colobus and the Tana River mangabey have been put in a dangerous situation due to deforestation and destruction created by an increasing human population. Forest is vacant primarily for agriculture; in the last 20 years approximately 50% of the unique forest has been lost. A survey conducted in 1987 concluded that since 1975 there has been approximately an 80% decline in the numbers of
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Tana River mangabey


River mangabey is found on the continent of Africa in the southeastern portion of Kenya along the Tana River. It is found within 27 forest fragments along a 60 km stretch of floodplain forests. The gallery forest along the Tana River is home to several primate species: the Tana River mangabey, Tana River red colobus, blue monkey, yellow baboon, vervet monkey, and two species of bush babies. This species is restricted to riverine gallery forests in this area. The forests in which it is found are naturally fragmented due to
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Tana River Primate National Reserve


The Tana River Primate National Reserve is a former national wildlife reserve in south-eastern Kenya. It existed from 1976 to 2007. Most of the area was semi-arid savanna but a small portion, about , was made up of small patches of riverine forest. The government set aside the land in 1976 as a in order to protect the swampy forests of the Lower Tana River and two endangered primates, the Tana River mangabey and the Tana River red colobus, that are found there. The endangered primates inhabit sixteen patches
11436785
Luba Crater Scientific Reserve


red colobus and drill. The reserve may be home to the largest surviving population of drill. According to the Primate Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, the island is the most important location in Africa for conserving diversity of primates. Pennant's colobus, a type of red colobus, is one of the most endangered primates in the world. There are no viable captive populations of the subspecies of monkey found on Bioko. Attempts to raise black colobus and red colobus in captivity have failed. The Asociación Amigos de Doñana
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Preuss's red colobus


present in Ebo forest, Littoral Province of Cameroon. The Preuss's red colobus is critically endangered according to the IUCN Red List due to hunting pressure and destruction of its habitat. Large portion of the remaining groups are included within protected areas (Korup National Park, Cross River National Park, and the proposed national park at Ebo). Like other colobus monkeys, it is primarily a leaf eater. Preuss's red colobus has a black head, a black back ticked with orange, and bright red tail, limbs and cheeks
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Niger Delta red colobus


from bushmeat hunting and logging has increased. Red colobus monkeys generally appear to be particularly sensitive to hunting and habitat disturbance, hence concerns that the species may be on the verge of extinction. The Niger Delta red colobus was still found in the Edumanom Forest Reserve in 2008. However, as of 2008, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) considers it critically endangered, due a reduction in population of more than 80% over the past 30 years largely caused by hunting and habitat loss. In 2010, the
7933905
Jennifer F. M. Horne


Tana River floodplain where they studied the endangered Tana River red colobus and the Tana River mangabey. In 1978 she married ornithologist Lester L. Short. As research associate and later senior research fellow in the National Museums of Kenya she and her husband took part in an ornithological project which lasted from 1985 to 1999. They studied the behaviour of the honeyguides on the Ol Ari Nyiro estate in Laikipia, Kenya and compiled an ornithological list of all birds recorded on the Ol Ari Nyiro estate. She was also among the team who rediscovered the
14867334
Miss Waldron's red colobus


Miss Waldron's red colobus ("Piliocolobus waldronae") is a species of the red colobus native to West Africa. It had previously been described as a subspecies of the western red colobus, "P. badius". It has not been officially sighted since 1978 and was considered extinct in 2000. However, new evidence suggests that a very small number of these monkeys may be living in the southeast corner of Côte d'Ivoire. The IUCN Red List notes Miss Waldron's red colobus as critically endangered. Miss Waldron's red colobus
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Tana River red colobus


when not in a flood. Floods occur roughly once a year, with a major flood occurring every three years. Although the floodplain is mostly grassy, there are places with bushland, woodland, and forests. The lower Tana River is generally hot and dry, with temperatures ranging from 86 °F to 100 °F (30 °C to 38 °C). The hottest months generally occur during January and February while the coldest months are May through July. The average annual rainfall is between 500 and 600 mm,
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Tana River County


the Tana River District Steering Group (2004) found that the county is 79% food insecure and with an incidence of poverty at 62% (Interim Poverty Strategy Paper (I-PSP), 2000–2003, Kenya). Tana River County comprises several areas of forest, woodland and grassland which are minor centres of endemism. The forests are designated National Reserve status if they have 4 plant endemics and 7 vertebrate endemics (IUCN, 2003). Despite the apparent adequate natural resources, the region remains marginalised from the rest of
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Wildlife of Zanzibar


species found here are the Zanzibar red colobus ("Piliocolobus kirkii"), an endangered species (in the IUCN List) endemic monkey and the Aders's duiker; groups of the colobus monkeys are seen close to the park. Wading birds are recorded in the marshy areas along with seaweed. The coral rag in the park is the earliest settlement, which was exploited for agricultural development due to population pressure. However, with help from the Government of Australia and CARE Tanzania, Government of Zanzibar established the Jozani Chwaka Bay Conservation
17050386
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada


in Canada) and 15 wildlife species that are Extinct (X). The other category is not at risk (NAR). COSEWIC provides online updated status reports on designated species. COSEWIC bases its quantitative criteria for species' status assessment on the revised IUCN Red List, the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. COSEWIC provides International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's main authority on the conservation status of species, with a Regional Red List. IUCN.
2828846
Black colobus


The black colobus ("Colobus satanas"), or satanic black colobus, is a species of Old World monkey belonging to the genus "Colobus". The species is found in a small area of western central Africa. Black colobuses are large, completely covered with black fur, and like all other Colobus monkeys, do not have a thumb. The species has faced large declines in population due to habitat destruction and hunting by humans, and was consequently listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List in 1994. The black
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Red colobus


parapatric distributions. They are primarily arboreal and most are restricted to humid forests, but the Zanzibar red colobus prefers coastal thickets and scrub. Red colobuses are highly sensitive to hunting and habitat destruction, and have been referred to as probably the most threatened taxonomic group of primates in Africa. If following the taxonomic treatment advocated in "Mammal Species of the World", all species except the Central African red colobus are assessed by the IUCN as endangered or critically endangered. Groups often establish a dominance hierarchy determined by aggressive behavior. Food
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Bouvier's red colobus


it as a distinct species. Groves considers "Piliocolobus" to be a full genus, while other authors see it as a subgenus of "Procolobus", and thus assigned Bouvier's red colobus the scientific name "Piliocolobus bouvieri" (this nomenclature has been followed here). In IUCN's most recent assessment (2008), Bouvier's red colobus was classified as critically endangered with a note saying it was "possibly extinct". No individuals had been seen in the wild since the 1970s and was thought to have lost
16652673
International Union for Conservation of Nature


Unlike other environmental organisations, IUCN does not itself aim to directly mobilize the general public. Education has been part of IUCN's work program since the early days but the focus is on stakeholder involvement and strategic communication rather than mass-campaigns. IUCN runs field projects for habitat and species conservation around the world. It produces the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems which in a similar way measures risks to ecosystems. The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is a global standard to assess the conservation status
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IUCN Red List


The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. A series of
19930289
Stenogomphurus consanguis


Stenogomphurus consanguis, the Cherokee clubtail, is a species of clubtail dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is endemic to the southeastern United States, found in small rivers and streams. The IUCN conservation status of "Stenogomphurus consanguis" is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018. The species had a Red List assessment of "rare" from 1986 to 1994, "vulnerable" in 1996, and "endangered" in 2007. There are
16664674
Conservation status


use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the best known worldwide conservation status listing and ranking system. Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation. Also included are species that have gone extinct since 500 CE. When discussing the IUCN Red List, the official term "threatened" is a grouping of three categories: critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable. The Convention on
12047334
Lomami red colobus


The Lomami red colobus ("Piliocolobus parmentieri") is a type of red colobus monkey from central Africa. Historically it had been treated as a subspecies of the Central African red colobus, ("P. foai") but more recent taxonomies generally treat it as a separate species. The Lomani red colobus has a limited range in lowland tropical rainforest between the Lomani River and the Lualaba River in central Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its range extends as far south as the Ruiki River and the Lutanga River. It eats leaves
20778323
Olive colobus


The olive colobus monkey ("Procolobus verus"), also known as the green colobus or Van Beneden's colobus, is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. Its English name refers to its dull olive upperparts. It is the smallest example of all colobine monkeys and is rarely observed in its natural habitat because of its cryptic coloration and secretive nature. It is found in the rain forests of West Africa, ranging from southern Sierra Leone to Nigeria. The olive colobus is classified as near threatened by the IUCN Red
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IUCN Red List of Ecosystems


The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems (RLE) is a global framework for monitoring and documenting the status of ecosystems. It was developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as part of the growing toolkit for biodiversity risk assessment. Its main objective is to support conservation, resource use, and management decisions by evaluating all the world's ecosystems by 2025. The Red List of Ecosystem was developed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's leading authority on the subject and the same entity
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Conservation biology


they sustain. Aldo Leopold was a classical thinker and writer on such conservation ethics whose philosophy, ethics and writings are still valued and revisited by modern conservation biologists. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has organized a global assortment of scientists and research stations across the planet to monitor the changing state of nature in an effort to tackle the extinction crisis. The IUCN provides annual updates on the status of species conservation through its Red List. The IUCN Red List serves as an international conservation tool to identify those
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Pennant's colobus


and along the lower reaches of the River Alima to the mouth of the River Likouala-aux-Herbes, both being tributaries of the Congo River. The Niger Delta red colobus is found between the Forcados-Nikrogha Creek and the Sagbama-Osiama-Agboi Creek in the wet forests of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Pennant's red colobus is an arboreal species and is found in both primary and secondary forest and also in marshy forest. Like other red colobus monkeys, Pennant's red colobus lives in troops which may
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Regional Red List


A Regional Red List (RRL) is a report of the threatened status of species within a certain country or region. It is based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, an inventory of the conservation status of species on a global scale. Regional Red Lists assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit and therefore may feed directly into national and regional planning. This project is coordinated by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and partners in national governments
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Lang's red colobus


Lang's red colobus is a type of red colobus monkey. Historically it had been treated as a subspecies of the Central African red colobus, ("P. foai") but more recent taxonomies generally treat it as a separate species. Lang's red colobus lives in lowland rainforest in the northeastern portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between the Lualaba River and the Aruwimi-Ituri River. It eats leaves, fruit, flowers, buds and possibly seeds. Males have a head and body length of about with a tail
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Tana River mangabey


area. The reserve contains about 56% of the Tana River mangabey groups, with approximately 44% living in forests outside of the reserve. 10% of the groups living in forests outside of the reserve are under the management of the Tana Delta Irrigation Project. The objective of the Tana River Primate Reserve was to conserve the biodiversity within the Tana River area and protect the endangered Tana River mangabey. The conservation of this species is a high priority for primate conservation in Kenya. In 2007, the High Court in Kenya ruled
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Miss Waldron's red colobus


extinct in the 21st century, but there is considerable debate over whether this assessment is indeed correct. A series of forest surveys, conducted by the Wildlife Conservation Society from 1993–1999, failed to uncover any evidence of the monkey's existence, and the animal was declared extinct a year later. However, the IUCN and other authorities which compile Red Lists felt that the required criterion that "there is no reasonable doubt that its last individual has died" was not yet fulfilled. However, primatologist W. Scott McGraw from Ohio State University
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Regional Red List


, universities and organizations throughout the world. Regional Red Lists may assist countries or regions in: The IUCN Categories and Criteria were initially designed to assess the conservation status of species globally, however there was a demand for guidelines to apply the system at the regional level. In 2003, IUCN developed a set of transparent, quantitative criteria to assess the conservation status of species at the regional and national level. This approach is now being applied in many countries throughout the world. Recently, Regional Red Lists have been completed for Mongolian
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Tana River red colobus


, moss and seeds. Human food is of no interest to these leaf specialists. Their stomachs are large and have three chambers, and carry a specific bacterium which helps to ferment and digest the leaves. They eat about two to three kilograms of leaves a day. Sometimes they eat soil, clay and charcoal to help digest toxins and toxic leaves. Because of the poor nutritional quality of their food, they must browse intensively for many hours each day looking for food, and spend much of the remainder of the day resting
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Udzungwa Mountains


ranges as "islands" where the tropical forests continued to flourish. The isolation of each mountain range has led to a great deal of endemism, and a very diverse flora and fauna. The Udzungwa Mountains are covered with tropical rainforest, mountain forest, miombo woodland, grassland, and steppe. They are home to many large mammals, including the Udzungwa red colobus and Tana River mangabey, and unusual animals such as the grey-faced sengi. The area has extremely high biodiversity with numerous endemic species (more than 25 percent
17473107
Thollon's red colobus


Thollon's red colobus ("Procolobus tholloni"), also known as the Tshuapa red colobus, is a species of red colobus monkey from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and lower Republic of the Congo. It is found south of Congo River and west of Lomami River. It had once been considered a subspecies of the "P. badius". It was recognised as a distinct species by Dandelot in 1974, and this was followed by Groves in 2001, while others have suggested it should be considered a subspecies of "
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Ugandan red colobus


the flush of new leaves for food. Both males and females initiate copulation. During copulation other group members sometimes harass the pair by making loud calls, lunging at or leaping around or onto the males back. The harassers are usually either adult males in intrasexual competition or juveniles if it is their mother which is copulating. The Ugandan red colobus is classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. It has this listing because the populations are very fragmented and there is no movement of individuals between populations. The species is also classified
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Zanzibar red colobus


The Zanzibar red colobus ("Piliocolobus kirkii") is a species of red colobus monkey endemic to Unguja, the main island of the Zanzibar Archipelago, off the coast of Tanzania. It is also known as Kirk's red colobus after Sir John Kirk, the British Resident of Zanzibar who first brought it to the attention of zoological science. It is now classified as an endangered species and in the mid-1990s was adopted as the flagship species for conservation in Zanzibar. The population is still decreasing, and conservationists are attempting to work
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Endangered species


An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct in the near future. Endangered (EN), as categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, is the second most severe conservation status for wild populations in the IUCN's schema after  (CR). In 2012, the IUCN Red List featured 3,079 animal and 2,655 plant species as endangered (EN) worldwide. The figures for 1998 were, respectively, 1,102 and 1,197. Many nations have laws that
3812127
Edumanom Forest Reserve


A June 2008 report noted that the reserve was the last known site for chimpanzees in the Niger Delta. The reserve also shelters the endemic Sclater's guenon and other IUCN Red List species olive colobus and Niger Delta red colobus. The Sclater's monkey was considered vulnerable but not endangered in 2008. It is hunted throughout the area, except in a very few places where it is held sacred, and is managing to survive. A 2005 report recommended that it be protected within the Edumanom and other reserves in Nigeria. There used
19266030
Pennant's colobus


the IUCN in its Red List of Threatened Species because its range on the island of Bioko is less than and its population size is decreasing due to it being hunted for bushmeat. In 2006, the population on Bioko Island was estimated to be smaller than 5000 individuals. The Niger Delta red colobus is listed as "Critically Endangered" due to the fact that its habitat in the Niger Delta is being degraded by logging and the monkeys are hunted for food. Its population has declined by 80% during a period of thirty years
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Regional Red List


this regional network there will be opportunities to learn from each other’s experiences in applying the IUCN Categories and Criteria and in using this information for conservation planning and priority setting. Two public bodies in Britain, Natural England and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC), have produced British Red Data Books and other reviews of different plants and animals assigning their conservation status according to IUCN Red Data Book criteria. In 2016 the JNCC produced a spreadsheet which incorporated these reviews and lists of threatened species based on other crieteria such as Biodiversity
544312
Bouvier's red colobus


tones throughout the face, excluding the nose and lips. Bouvier's red colobus lives in swampy forests surrounding the Congo River, between the mouths of the Alima and Oubangui Rivers. It does not show fear of humans, making it an easy target for bushmeat hunters. Bouvier's red colobus was first described in 1887 by Alphonse Trémeau de Rochebrune in "Faune de Sénégambie". For many years it was considered a subspecies of Pennant's colobus and named "Procolobus pennantii ssp. bouvieri". In 2007, Colin Groves reclassified
16652672
Nepenthes bicalcarata


level. The conservation status of "N. bicalcarata" is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species based on an assessment carried out in 2000. In 1997, Charles Clarke informally classified the species as Near Threatened based on the IUCN criteria. This agrees with the conservation status assigned to "N. bicalcarata" by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. The two thorns that give "N. bicalcarata" its name are unique to this species and bear some of the largest nectaries in the plant kingdom. The purpose of
21530642
Zanzibar red colobus


colobus species. The Zanzibar red colobus is non-territorial in nature and as so does not typically make loud, territorial threat calls. Zanzibar red colobus distress and warning calls are the "bark", "chist", or "wheet". One of the loudest calls from the monkey is heard when he expresses his dominance over the group and when checking the sexual status of his females. The call heard most often by people in or near Jozani Forest is the 'alerting signal'. This is an attention-
13833239
IUCN Red List of Ecosystems


protocols, developed by national or subnational authorities differed in focus and implementation, were often incomparable, and unable of separating strict risk analysis from the process of setting conservation priorities. In 2008, during the IV World Conservation Congress (Barcelona, Spain), the process of developing criteria to estimate their risk status was activated and the IUCN laid the foundations for the creation of a Red List of Ecosystems (RLE). The initial development of the criteria for the Red List of ecosystems was based on analogies with the criteria for species
4416628
International Union for Conservation of Nature


Council of Europe. In 1961, at the request of United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the United Nations Economic and Social Council, IUCN published the first global list of national parks and protected areas which it has updated ever since. IUCN's best known publication, the Red Data Book on the conservation status of species, was first published in 1964. IUCN began to play a part in the development of international treaties and conventions, starting with the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
13568854
International Union for Conservation of Nature


its focus beyond conservation ecology and now incorporates issues related to sustainable development in its projects. Unlike many other international environmental organisations, IUCN does not itself aim to mobilize the public in support of nature conservation. It tries to influence the actions of governments, business and other stakeholders by providing information and advice, and through building partnerships. The organization is best known to the wider public for compiling and publishing the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide. IUCN has a membership of over 1400
13568847
Foa's red colobus


the Democratic Republic of the Congo between the Lualaba, Lowa and Oso Rivers. Foa's red colobus has long red and black fur on its back and head, with light underparts. Males have a body length excluding tail of between with a tail that is between long. Males typically weigh between and females typically weigh between . It has smaller teeth than most other red colobus species. Foa's red colobus is arboreal and diurnal. It has a varied diet which includes leaves, buds, fruit and flowers. It is frequently
20068673
Nepenthes spathulata


. It is somewhat reminiscent of the highland heath forests around Bareo in Sarawak, Borneo. Due to the patchy distribution of "N. spathulata", its conservation status is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, Charles Clarke suggests a revised status of Conservation Dependent based on the IUCN criteria. The closest relative of "N. spathulata" appears to be "N. singalana". It differs from this species in having a peristome that is contracted towards the front and very wide at the sides.
21531150
Ambatovaky Reserve


the park is only accessible by canoe along the Marimbona River. The reserve is mainly covered by dense deciduous dry forest and is the last place for the critically endangered lemur, Perrier's sifaka ("Propithecus perrieri"). There are five other species of lemurs found on the reserve. Four have been given the conservation status of endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and one, the red-bellied lemur ("Eulemur rubriventer") is a vulnerable species. The four endangered species are the
7151356
Zanzibar red colobus


netting, and disappearance of monkeys as well as other with animals. Various attempts have been made for conservation of the species. One project was with the World Wildlife Fund, specifically in Menai Bay which is located just west of Uzi Island. Second, the Wildlife Conservation Society has funded conservation projects intended for the colobine but in both cases, there has been no apparent action that was directly supportive of the monkey. In the mid-1990s the Zanzibar red colobus was adopted as the flagship species for conservation in Zanzibar. The African Convention
13833244
Red List Index


The Red List Index (RLI), based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, is an indicator of the changing state of global biodiversity. It defines the conservation status of major species groups, and measures trends in extinction risk over time. By conducting conservation assessments at regular intervals, changes in the threat status of species in a taxonomic group can be used to monitor trends in extinction risk. RLIs have been calculated for birds and amphibians, using changes in threat status for species in each of the groups. As
3355744
Tana River mangabey


. It was listed under the U.S. as being endangered in 1970. The species was also listed as endangered under the International Union for Conservation of Nature and under CITES is listed under Appendix I. This species is listed on Class A of the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. The Tana River Primate Reserve was established in 1976 to protect the remaining forest along the Tana River and the endemic Tana River mangabey. The reserve protects an area of approximately 171 km² with 9.5 km² and 17.5 km² of that being forested
10982832
List of parrots


the base of the parrot tree. Most authors now recognize this group as a separate taxon containing two families: Nestoridae and Strigopidae. Conversely, the relationships among various cockatoo genera are largely resolved. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the bird's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN red list for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct
15237656
Phengaris rebeli


rigorously studied in Europe because it has priority conservation status and was classified as "vulnerable" in 2000 by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It was first brought to the IUCN's attention and listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 1986. The species was categorized as "vulnerable" because its population decreased by 20-50% in the last 25 years and has been extirpated from at least one country. The causes of this drastic population reduction are thought to be agricultural land use changes, abandonment of
12173134
List of cetacean species


and then species. In tabular form, seven descriptors are given for each species: the common name; the scientific name; the IUCN red list status; a global population estimate; a global map with its range; its weight with an image of its shape, and its size relative to a human; and a photograph. Conservation status codes listed follow the IUCN red list of threatened species (v. 2014.3; data current at ). Where available, the global population estimate has been listed. When not cited or footnoted
18467169
Preuss's red colobus


Preuss's red colobus ("Piliocolobus preussi") is a red colobus primate species endemic to the Cross-Sanaga Rivers ecoregion. An important population occurs in Korup National Park, Southwest Province, Cameroon, but the species' distribution is localized (groups are frequently encountered near the main tourist camps). The species is considered present in adjacent Cross River National Park - Oban Division in Nigeria and hunter reports suggest that few groups remain in Nkwende Hills and Nta Ali Forest Reserve in the broader Korup region. A population is also
15880041
Red colobus


larger than those of other monkeys of a comparative size. This allows for longer digestion, so that most nutrients can be gleaned from the relatively low nutrient food. Research indicates that chimpanzee predation may be a major selection factor on some red colobus populations. Although chimpanzees primarily eat fruit, leaves, and insects, if the opportunity to eat meat arises, they will pursue it. In addition to sustenance, evidence suggests that chimpanzees prey on red colobus to reinforce social status, as well as to attract sexual partners. When under
21921591
Black colobus


currently listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. This is because the species’ population has declined by over 30% in the past 30 years. The subspecies "C.s.satanas" is classified as Endangered as its population has declined by over 60% in the last 30 years. The black colobus monkey is now only found in areas which cannot be easily accessed by humans. The species has faced population declines due to logging and illegal hunting for the fur trade which began in the 19th century. Due to improved roads and
3498261
Livingstone National Park


species conservation Act 1995). Along with international recognition under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2004). Identifying the habitat of, and monitoring its condition, is an important conservation action in the National recovery plan for the Swift Parrot. The protection status of Livingstone National Park means management is consistent with and intends to deliver the actions in recovery plans for conserving the Swift Parrots overwintering ground, when it leaves breeding grounds in Tasmania and disperses widely over the mainland, from
15355679
List of reptiles of North America


This is a checklist of American reptiles found north from Mexico, based primarily on SSAR publications. It includes all species of the United States and Canada, including recently introduced species such as Chameleons, the Nile monitor, and the Burmese python. Subspecies are listed only in a few cases. The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site. * alien species Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: and Endangered Species Act: Order
20700343
Frederick Yeh


sea turtle conservation efforts in Hawaii. According to the global authority on nature conservation, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the sea turtles of the Hawaiian Islands were also once under the threat of near extinction, but are now thriving and their conservation status reclassified as "Least Concern" according to the IUCN Red List. Thus, Yeh established Sea Turtles 911 under Hawaiian jurisdiction, and changed the course of his life by moving to China to save the sea turtles he had hopelessly witnessed being sold, earning
8188720
Minkébé National Park


, black colobus and chimpanzee. The western lowland gorilla, chimpanzee, black colobus, mandrill and golden potto have all been listed on the IUCN Red List. The riparian areas of the Minkébé forest provide for creatures who require a water habitat, including the dwarf crocodile, spotted-necked otter, crested mangabey, sitatunga, and water chevrotain. The swampy areas interspersed with vegetation also includes habitat for parrots and python. The park contains some animals which are rare in Gabon including the bongo and the giant forest hog. Although the
21942374
Astatotilapia bloyeti


Astatotilapia bloyeti is a species of haplochromine cichlid from the coastal river systems of Tanzania. Reports from other areas of Africa are considered to refer to related species. The IUCN considers it to be endemic to the Pangani River and includes Kenya in its range. This species taxonomic status is uncertain and some authorities place it in the genus "Haplochromis" while others retain it in "Astatotilapia". This taxonomic uncertainty has led the IUCN to classify this species conservation status as Data Deficient. The specific name honours the collector of the type
15754960
IUCN Red List


List publication. The 2006 Red List, released on 4 May 2006 evaluated 40,168 species as a whole, plus an additional 2,160 subspecies, varieties, aquatic stocks, and subpopulations. On 12 September 2007, the World Conservation Union (IUCN) released the 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. In this release, they have raised their classification of both the western lowland gorilla ("Gorilla gorilla gorilla") and the Cross River gorilla ("Gorilla gorilla diehli") from endangered to critically endangered, which is the last
19930294
Mary River turtle


Conservation Act 1992, and under the federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The international conservation body IUCN lists it as endangered on the IUCN Red List. It is also listed on the Zoological Society of London's Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered list, part of the EDGE of Existence programme. It is Australia's second-most endangered freshwater turtle species, after the western swamp turtle ("Pseudemydura umbrina") of Western Australia. Mary River turtles were listed amongst the world's top 25 most endangered turtle species by
1704472
Conservation status


ranks" (e.g. G2?), and "range ranks" (e.g. G2G3) for when the exact rank is uncertain. NatureServe adds a qualifier for "captive or cultivated only" (C), which has a similar meaning to the IUCN Red List "extinct in the wild" (EW) status. The Red Data Book of the Russian Federation is used within the Russian Federation, and also accepted in parts of Africa. In Australia, the "Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999" (EPBC Act
12047337
Taxonomic contributions of Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton


mammal type specimens identified from the total specimens are listed as follows: The mammal species named after Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton can be distinguished by the subspecies name “cottoni” or “powelli”. The specimens collected by Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton play an important role in scientific studies because the existence of some of the cottoni species are in danger now, for example, the B/W Colobus (Colobus angolensis cottoni) was rated “Least Concern” in The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species published
5366252
Endangered species


protect conservation-reliant species: for example, forbidding hunting, restricting land development or creating protected areas. Population numbers, trends and species' conservation status can be found at the lists of organisms by population. The conservation status of a species indicates the likelihood that it will become extinct. Many factors are considered when assessing the status of a species; e.g., such statistics as the number remaining, the overall increase or decrease in the population over time, breeding success rates, or known threats. The IUCN Red List of
3812128
Pethia cumingii


and Flora of Sri Lanka, IUCN Sri Lanka. IUCN, (2000); The 1999 list of threatened fauna and flora of Sri Lanka, IUCN Sri Lanka. IUCN, (2000); The Fauna of Sri Lanka Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation, IUCN Sri Lanka. Perera, N., (2002); Preliminary Survey of Upper Attanagalu River basin in South West Ichthyological Zone of Sri Lanka, SRI LANKA NATURALIST, JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY AND NATURE, Young Zoologist’s Association of Sri Lanka. Pethiyagoda, R.
14745984
International Union for Conservation of Nature


, media, academia and the corporate sector. According to some, IUCN is not only a major global player in conservation action, but also has considerable influence in defining what nature conservation actually is. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems determine which species and natural areas merit protection. Through the Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas and the system of IUCN protected area categories IUCN influences how protected areas are managed. The relevance of the scientific insights and the data that IUCN produces are not
13568894
Kaeng Tana National Park


Kaeng Tana National Park is in Khong Chiam District in Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand. It is on the Mun River. It was established on 13 July 1981 and is an IUCN Category II protected area. The park is in size. The park is highland and is watered by the Mun and Khong Rivers. The average elevation is about 200 meters. The park is characterized by plateaux and undulating hills. The highest peak, Ban Tad, stands at 543 meters. The park is covered by deciduous forest, which has
17318125
Tamaraw


was classified as "Status inadequately known" by the IUCN. Enough data was gathered on the tamaraw population by 1986, and the IUCN conservation monitoring center declared the species endangered. Throughout succeeding surveys conducted in 1988, 1990, 1994 and 1996, the species remained listed on the Red List as "endangered". The relisting of the species in 1996 fulfilled the IUCN criteria "B1+2c" and "D1". Criterion "B1" indicated that the species' range was less than 500 square kilometers and is known
16233893
Nepenthes mikei


undisclosed for conservation purposes, "N. mikei" grows alongside "N. flava". The conservation status of "N. mikei" is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, based on an assessment carried out in 2000. This agrees with an informal assessment made by Charles Clarke in 2001, who also classified the species as Vulnerable based on the IUCN criteria. However, Clarke noted that since substantial populations of "N. mikei" lie within protected areas, they "are unlikely to become threatened in the foreseeable future".
10280073
Antarctic minke whale


and Brazil, and the latter off South Australia. All involved calves or juveniles. The Antarctic minke whale is currently considered Near Threatened by the IUCN red list. However, the IUCN states that the population size is "clearly in the hundreds of thousands". The Antarctic minke whale is listed on Appendix II of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). It is listed on Appendix II as it has an unfavourable conservation status or would benefit significantly from international co-operation organised by tailored
7370221
Nepenthes faizaliana


regular visitors, the species can be easily observed along the Pinnacles Trail on Mount Api. The conservation status of "N. faizaliana" is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species based on an assessment carried out in 2000. In 1997, Charles Clarke informally classified the species as Vulnerable based on the IUCN criteria, noting that it is Conservation Dependent if populations in protected areas are taken into account. "Nepenthes faizaliana" belongs to the loosely defined ""N. maxima" complex", which also includes
9597176
Phanogomphus diminutus


Phanogomphus diminutus is a species of clubtail dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is endemic to the southeastern United States. Its natural habitats are boggy trickles and slow, small streams and lakes, all with part sand, part silt bottoms, and Sphagnum moss margins. The IUCN conservation status of "Phanogomphus diminutus" is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018. The species had a Red List assessment of "rare" from 1986 to 1994
16664675
IUCN Red List


IUCN) (1996), the formally stated goals of the Red List are (1) to provide scientifically based information on the status of species and subspecies at a global level, (2) to draw attention to the magnitude and importance of threatened biodiversity, (3) to influence national and international policy and decision-making, and (4) to provide information to guide actions to conserve biological diversity. Major species assessors include BirdLife International, the Institute of Zoology (the research division of the Zoological Society of London
19930291
Speckled warbler


The speckled warbler ("Pyrrholaemus sagittatus") is a species of bird in the family Acanthizidae. It is endemic to eastern Australia. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. On the IUCN Red List, the speckled warbler was uplisted from near threatened to least concern status in 2000; having turned out to be more common than previously believed, but was downlisted to near threatened again in the 2007 IUCN Red List.it is a bird Speckled warbler are not listed as threatened on the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The
8693750
Olive colobus


paternal care for offspring. The olive colobus monkey is very susceptible to habitat loss due to increased enroachment of hunters and farmers on both protected and unprotected lands. In order to ensure that this threatened species is protected, the olive colobus has been listed under Appendix II of CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) and as a Class A species under the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, which monitor the international trade of species and their status in the environment.
10983150
Peacock bass


gold. Very young fish exhibit dark horizontal stripes down half ("C. orinocensis, C. ocellaris, et al.") or the whole ("C. temensis, C. pinima, et al.") body. The IUCN has not investigated the conservation status of any peacock bass species. Therefore, they do not appear on its red list. Some of the species have relatively small distributions, and "C. melaniae" is restricted to the lower Xingu River in an area that will be heavily affected by the Belo Monte
12072544
Woundfin


these regions as well as a decline in population in the Virgin River. Since 1970, the woundfin has been listed as an endangered species. Other listings include "Vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List and "Critically Imperiled" (the most critical classification) by NatureServe. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service lists the population status as "declining." The Dexter National Fish Hatchery in Dexter, New Mexico studies the woundfin in an effort to help conserve the species, and has successfully spawned the fish in captivity. However
16645575
Copland's rock frog


Copland's rock frog or the saxicoline tree frog ("Litoria coplandi") a frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Australia, in a range extending from the Kimberley region of Western Australia to Arnhem Land and a record in the north of Queensland. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, intermittent rivers, and rocky areas. The IUCN Red list gives the conservation status of least concern, and notes the population trend as stable. The publication of the species
6570608
Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park


and small wetlands in the park act as a reservoir, feeding the tributaries of the Teheza and the Fiherenana rivers. Ninety species of birds are known from the park, including thirty-eight endemic species. One species Appert's tetraka (also known as Appert's greenbul ("Xanthomixis apperti") is classified with a conservation status of vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. "At Zombitse-Vohibasia it is found in the dense underbrush of undisturbed, dry, deciduous forest at about 600-800 m (
7151342
NatureServe


partners with IUCN Red List, the accepted standard for worldwide imperiled species classification, providing coordination assistance and data from their own assessments to the IUCN's conservation assessments, and working together on ongoing assessments. NatureServe Explorer is a web-based database provides public access to NatureServe's proprietary information on US and Canadian ecosystems and plant, animal, and fungus species. This includes ranked NatureServe conservation status assessment data on state, national, and global levels, considered a leading classification of imperiled species in the United States. Infonatura is a
4262843
Asian arowana


based not on biological reasons but on practical ones: though widely distributed throughout southeast Asia, they have been harvested heavily by aquarium collectors. However, habitat loss is likely a greater threat than aquarium collecting. No recent evaluation of conservation status has been done by the IUCN. Additionally, considering the current confusion as to number of species, as well as the wide distribution, conservation status should be reconsidered. All strains are probably endangered, but some (notably the super red and red-tailed golden) more critically than others
9585647
Ugandan red colobus


The Ugandan red colobus ("Piliocolobus tephrosceles") or ashy red colobus is an endangered species of red colobus monkey, recognised as a distinct species since 2001. There is disagreement however over taxonomy with many considering the Ugandan red colobus to be a subspecies ("Procolobus rufomitratus tephrosceles"). The Ugandan red colobus is an Old World monkey which is found in 5 different locations across Uganda and Tanzania. Recognised as a distinct species in 2001 the Ugandan red colobus had previously been considered a subspecies of "P. badius",
5851341
Wongai ningaui


. The female bears young during September to October and may rear a second litter in the same year. The IUCN "Red List" assessed the conservation status of the species in 2015 as least concern, with a population that is unlikely to be in decline and not meeting the criteria of a greater threat of extinction. "Ningaui ridei" is found within protected areas and conservation reserves in parts of its distribution range. Regional authorities, in Queensland and the Northern Territory, also list this species by the conservation status least concern
3286323
Whaling in the Faroe Islands


the International Union for Conservation of Nature as offering insufficient information for a proper assessment of conservation status to be made. In its Red List of Threatened Species, the International Union for Conservation of Nature lists both the long-finned and short-finned pilot whales with "Data Deficient" status, according to its 2008 assessment. In a previous assessment in 1996, the organization listed the species in the "Lower Risk/least concern" category. The IUCN also says that with the NAMMCO-estimated population size of 778,000 in
5718110
Ishaqbini Hirola Conservancy


The Ishaqbini Hirola Conservancy is a community-based conservation area located in Garissa County, Kenya. The conservancy covers approximately 72 km. It is located along the eastern bank of the Tana River, and borders the former Tana River Primate Reserve (1976−2007). Despite its small size, the conservancy is a core refuge and breeding ground for the endemic and critically endangered Hirola antelope. Together with the Arawale National Reserve, the conservancy forms a key part of the Hirola's habitat. The Hirola population, endemic to north-eastern
18417312
Red-chested owlet


mainly nocturnal but will hunt and call on overcast afternoons; it roosts in cavities in trees during the day. The main food is insects such as beetles, mantises, grasshoppers, moths and cockroaches, as well as small mammals and birds. Its breeding behaviour is almost unknown but it is thought to nest in the old nesting cavities created by woodpeckers or barbets. According to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List, the conservation status of the red-chested owlet is of "least concern,"
8389142
Temminck's red colobus


red colobus lives in savannah. The use of savannah and open areas may be a recent adaptation to deforestation, since researchers in the 1970s always found Temminck's red colobus in tall, dense forest. Temminck's red colobus living in savannahs often associate with green monkeys, and sometimes also associate with patas monkeys and bushbucks for defense against predators. Temminck's red colobus differs from the Western red colobus in that the Western red colobus lives in rainforest rather than dry forest and savannah, which may explain differences in behavior. The majority
20068577
Inland taipan


isolated population also occurs near Coober Pedy, South Australia. There are two old records for localities further south-east, i.e., the junction of the Murray and Darling Rivers in northwestern Victoria (1879) and Bourke, New South Wales (1882); however the species has not been observed in either state since then. Like every Australian snake, the inland taipan is protected by law. Conservation status for the snake has been assessed for the IUCN Red List for the first time on July 2017, and in 2018 designated
10823153