Eurasian blue tit [SEP] IUCN conservation status
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African blue tit


The African Blue Tit ("Cyanistes teneriffae") is a species of bird in the family Paridae. It is found in northern Africa and the Canary Islands. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. This species and the Eurasian blue tit were formerly considered conspecific. The status of this species has not been assessed because it is noted to be common on the islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria. The species has been used in many research studies due to its island populations and relevance to evolutionary hypotheses The African Blue Tit is found
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Eurasian blue tit


City and Ukraine. In Great Britain the Eurasian blue tit is typically found in deciduous woodland, parks, gardens and even in the centre of towns. Eurasian blue and great tits form mixed winter flocks, and the former are perhaps the better gymnasts in the slender twigs. A Eurasian blue tit will often ascend a trunk in short jerky hops, imitating a treecreeper. As a rule the bird roosts in ivy or evergreens, but in harsh winters will nest wherever there is a suitable small hole, be it in a tree
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Eurasian blue tit


a subgenus of "Parus". The current genus name, "Cyanistes", is from the Ancient Greek "kuanos", "dark blue". The African blue tit ("Cyanistes teneriffae") was formerly considered conspecific. There are currently at least nine recognised subspecies: Pleske's tit ("Cyanistes pleskei") is a common hybrid between this species and the azure tit, in western Russia. The cap is usually darker than the azure tit, and the tail is paler than the Eurasian blue tit.
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Eurasian blue tit


The Eurasian blue tit ("Cyanistes caeruleus") is a small passerine bird in the tit family, Paridae. It is easily recognisable by its blue and yellow plumage and small size. Eurasian blue tits, usually resident and non-migratory birds, are widespread and a common resident breeder throughout temperate and subarctic Europe and western Asia in deciduous or mixed woodlands with a high proportion of oak. They usually nest in tree holes, although they easily adapt to nest boxes where necessary. Their main rival for nests and in the
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Eurasian blue tit


The Eurasian blue tit is usually , long with a wingspan of for both genders, and weighs about . A typical Eurasian blue tit has an azure-blue crown and dark blue line passing through the eye, and encircling the white cheeks to the chin, giving the bird a very distinctive appearance. The forehead and a bar on the wing are white. The nape, wings and tail are blue and the back is yellowish green. The underparts is mostly sulphur-yellow with a dark line down the abdomen—the yellowness
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Eurasian blue tit


search for food is the larger and more common great tit. The Eurasian blue tit prefers insects and spiders for its diet. Outside the breeding season, they also eat seeds and other vegetable-based foods. The birds are famed for their skill, as they can cling to the outermost branches and hang upside down when looking for food. The Eurasian blue tit was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the 10th edition of his "Systema Naturae" under the binomial name "Parus caeruleus". "Parus" is the
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Eurasian blue tit


in British urban areas have evolved the ability to digest milk and cream. Eurasian blue tits use songs and calls throughout the year. Songs are mostly used in late winter and spring to defend the territory or to attract mates. Calls are used for multiple reasons. Communication with other Eurasian blue tits is the most important motivation for the use of calls. They inform one another on their location in trees by means of contact-calls. They use alarm-calls to warn others (including birds of other species such as the
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Eurasian blue tit


is indicative of the number of yellowy-green caterpillars eaten, due to high levels of carotene pigments in the diet. The bill is black, the legs bluish grey, and the irides dark brown. The sexes are similar, but under ultraviolet light, males have a brighter blue crown. Young blue tits are noticeably more yellow. There are currently around 20–44 million pairs in Europe. The Eurasian blue tit and the related hybrids are considered native species in areas of the European continent with a mainly temperate or Mediterranean climate,
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Azure tit


head, tail corners, wing bars and underparts are white. There is a dark line through the eye, and the upperparts are blue. This is the eastern counterpart of the common Eurasian blue tit. It will hybridise with that species, but the offspring usually show a blue crown, rather than the white of azure tit. The calls are similar to blue tit, calling ' or a scolding '. The song is a "", which has been described as intermediate between blue tit and crested tit. For many
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Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve


raven Corvus corax L., Bohemian waxwing Bombicilla garrulous (L.), goldcrest Regulus regulus (L.), fieldfare Turdus pilaris L., long-tailed tit Aegithalos caudatus (L.), willow tit Parus montanus Bald., crested tit Parus cristatus L., coal tit Parus ater L., blue tit Parus caeruleus L., great tit Parus major L., Eurasian nuthatch Sitta europea L., common treecreeper Certhia familiaris L., house sparrow Passer domesticus (L.), Eurasian tree sparrow ( Passer montanus L.), Eurasian siskin Spinus spinus (
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Eurasian blue tit


or nesting box. They are very agile and can hang from almost anywhere. This is a common and popular European garden bird, due to its perky acrobatic performances when feeding on nuts or suet. It swings beneath the holder, calling "tee, tee, tee" or a scolding "churr". The Eurasian blue tit will nest in any suitable hole in a tree, wall, or stump, or an artificial nest box, often competing with house sparrows or great tits for the site. Few birds more readily
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Eurasian blue tit


in the air. A series of high-pitched 'zeedling' notes are given by both partners before and during copulation. The begging-call is used by juveniles to beg for food from parents. Eurasian blue tits are able to culturally transmit learning to other tit species. An example of this, dating from the 1920s, is the ability to open milk bottles with foil tops, to get at the cream underneath. Such behaviour has been suppressed recently by the gradual change of human dietary habits (low-fat or
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Eurasian blue tit


classical Latin for a tit and "caeruleus" is the Latin for dark blue or cerulean. Two centuries earlier, before the introduction of the binomial nomenclature, the same Latin name had been used by the Swiss naturalist Conrad Gesner when he described and illustrated the blue tit in his "Historiae animalium" of 1555. In 2005, analysis of the mtDNA cytochrome "b" sequences of the Paridae indicated that "Cyanistes" was an early offshoot from the lineage of other tits, and more accurately regarded as a genus rather than
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Eurasian blue tit


to depend mostly on the size of individual females and secondarily on habitat, with smaller eggs found at higher altitudes. The clutch's total weight can be 1.5 times as heavy as the female bird. The bird is a close sitter, hissing and biting at an intruding finger. In the South West of England such behaviour has earned the Eurasian blue tit the colloquial nickname "Little Billy Biter" or "Billy Biter", originating from the UK. When protecting its eggs it raises its crest, but this is a sign
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Eurasian blue tit


is probably the sparrowhawk, closely followed by the domestic cat. Nests may be robbed by mammals such as weasels and red squirrels, as well as introduced grey squirrels in the UK. The successful breeding of chicks is dependent on sufficient supply of green caterpillars as well as satisfactory weather. Breeding seasons may be affected badly if the weather is cold and wet between May and July, particularly if this coincides with the emergence of the caterpillars on which the nestlings are fed. Eurasian blue tits are known to be host to feather mites
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Eurasian sparrowhawk


in that area dropped from 0.485 to 0.376 (the rate in adjacent plots did not change). The size of the breeding population was not changed, but there were fewer non-breeding blue tits in the population. In woodland, Eurasian sparrowhawks account for the deaths of a third of all young great tits; the two alarm calls given by great tits when mobbing a predator, and when fleeing from a nearby hawk, are within the optimum hearing range of both prey and predator; however, the high-pitched alarm
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Eurasian penduline tit


Morocco. It builds an elaborate hanging nest, formerly used in Central Europe as children's slippers. This species was first described as "Motacilla pendulinus" by Linnaeus in his "Systema naturae" in 1758. The penduline tit has a large range, estimated at 1-10 million square kilometres (0.4-3.8 million square miles), and a population estimated at 420,000–840,000 individuals in Europe alone, and there is evidence that the population is increasing. It is therefore not believed to meet the IUCN Red List threshold criterion of
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Eurasian blue tit


winter they form flocks with other tit species. In an analysis carried out using ring-recovery data in Britain, the survival rate for juveniles in their first year was 38%, while the adult annual survival rate was 53%. From these figures the typical lifespan is only three years. Within Britain, the maximum recorded age is 10 years and 3 months for a bird that was ringed in Bedfordshire. The maximum recorded age overall is 11 years and 7 months for a bird in the Czech Republic. The Eurasian blue
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Eurasian blue tit


skimmed milk instead of full-fat), and the way of getting them (from a supermarket in plastic containers with hard plastic lids, instead of the milkman). In addition, the instinct to strip bark from trees in search of insects has developed into a tendency to peel building materials such as thatch, wallpaper, stucco and window putty. The small size of the Eurasian blue tit makes it vulnerable to prey by larger birds such as jays who catch the vulnerable fledglings when leaving the nest. The most important predator
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Eurasian eagle-owl


for the nestlings as well. Continuing parental care for the young is provided by both adults for about five months. There are at least a dozen subspecies of Eurasian eagle-owl. With a total range in Europe and Asia of about 32 million square kilometres (12 million square miles) and a total population estimated to be between 250 thousand and 2.5 million, the IUCN lists the bird's conservation status as being of "least concern". The vast majority of eagle-owls live in mainland Europe, Russia and Central
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Marsh tit


a now unidentifiable small bird, and is perhaps derived from "poikolos", meaning "spotted"; the specific "palustris" is Latin for "marshy". An analysis of mitochrondrial DNA sequences has shown that the marsh tit belongs to a group of Eurasian 'typical chickadees' that includes the willow tit, Père David's tit, the black-bibbed tit, and the Songar tit. Ten subspecies are recognised: Nominate race "palustris": Black cap and nape with a blue sheen visible at close quarters.
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Eurasian blue tit


tit is a valuable destroyer of pests, though it is fond of young buds of various trees, especially when insect prey is scarce, and may pull them to bits in the hope of finding insects. It is a well-known predator of many Lepidoptera species including the Wood Tiger moth. No species, however, destroys more coccids and aphids, the worst foes of many plants. It takes leaf miner grubs and green tortrix moths (Tortricidae). Seeds are eaten, as with all this family, and blue tits
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Aegithalidae


was introduced by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach in 1850. The name comes from the Ancient Greek word "aigithalos" for a tit. Aristotle recognised three species: the long-tailed tit, the great tit, and the Eurasian blue tit. The pygmy bushtit is placed in this family because it moves around in flocks and its nests resemble the long-tailed tits', but information about it is so scanty that the placement is only provisional. The Burmese bushtit is sometimes treated as conspecific with the black-browed bushtit
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Eurasian sparrowhawk


. A study in a forested area of Norway found that the mean size of the home ranges was for males, and for females, which was larger than studies in Great Britain had found, ""probably due to lower land productivity and associated lower densities of prey species in the [Norwegian study area]"". A study looked at the effect on the population of blue tits in an area where a pair of Eurasian sparrowhawks began to breed in 1990. It found that the annual adult survival rate for the tits
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Eurasian blue tit


great tit, the European robin or the treecreeper) about the presence of predators in the neighbourhood. Scolding, for example, is used when a ground predator (e.g. fox, cat or dog), a low flying predator or a perched owl are noticed. Sometimes this is followed by mobbing behaviour in which birds gather together in flocks to counter a predator. The alarm-whistle warns other birds about the proximity of a Eurasian sparrowhawk, a northern goshawk, a common buzzard or other flying predators that form a potential danger
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Fauna of Europe


Eurasian bullfinch, greenfinch, common crossbill, linnet), sparrows (house sparrow, tree sparrow), buntings, (corn bunting, ortolan bunting, reed bunting, yellowhammer), tits (great tit, blue tit, coal tit). Of the 589 species of birds (excluding seabirds) that breed in the Palearctic, 40% spend the winter elsewhere. Of those species that leave for the winter, 98% travel south to Africa. European mammal fauna consists of 270 species, 78 of them endemic to Europe
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Whale conservation


the North Atlantic Ocean around Greenland, Iceland, and Norway. There is no information about fin whales in areas outside of the Northern Atlantic, where they still hold the status of being endangered. A complete list of whale conservation statuses as listed by the IUCN is given below. Note that, in the case of the blue and gray whales, the IUCN distinguishes the statuses of various populations. These populations, while not regarded as separate species, are considered sufficiently important in terms of conservation. *Atlantic population of gray whale
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Common cuckoo


very similar to the Oriental cuckoo, which is slightly shorter-winged on average. A study using stuffed bird models found that small birds are less likely to approach common cuckoos that have barred underparts similar to the Eurasian sparrowhawk, a predatory bird. Eurasian reed warblers were found more aggressive to cuckoos that looked less hawk-like, meaning that the resemblance to the hawk helps the cuckoo to access the nests of potential hosts. Other small birds, great tits and blue tits, showed alarm and avoided attending feeders on seeing either
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Plasmodium homonucleophilum


), the Sedge warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus), the Eurasian reed warbler ("Acrocephalus scirpaceus"), the Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis), the mallard ("Anas platyrhynchos"), the grey heron ("Ardea cinerea"), the cork crane ("Crex crex"), the Eurasian blue tit ("Cyanistes caeruleus"), the black-faced bunting ("Emberiza spodocephala)", the common moorhen ("Gallinula chloropus"), the white-naped crane ("Grus vipio
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Eurasian blue tit


, and rarely lice and flat flies. In Europe, the only feather mite species known to live on the blue tit host is "Proctophyllodes stylifer". However, this mite seems to be of no concern to the bird as, until now, it is only known to feed on dead feather tissue. "P. stylifer" lives all its developmental stages, i.e. egg, larva, protonymph, tritonymph and adult, within the plumage of the same host. The usual sites where "P. stylifer" is encountered are the
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Eurasian penduline tit


The Eurasian penduline tit or European penduline tit ("Remiz pendulinus") is a passerine bird of the genus "Remiz". The genus name is the Polish word for the Eurasian penduline tit, and "pendulinus" is Latin for "hanging down”, which refers to its nest. It is relatively widespread throughout Eurasia. The breeding range of the species in Western Europe experienced an expansion during the 1980s and 1990s. This was accompanied by an expansion of the species’ winter range and reached as far south as northern
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Pendro


species of Lark), Wren, Accentor, Blackbird, Thrush, Song thrush, ( over four species of Warbler), European robin, Robin, White-throated robin, Blue tit, Great tit, Tit, Redstart, Rock nuthatch, Persian nuthatch, Shrike, Masked shrike, Eurasian jay, Magpie, Raven, Crow, Starling, Yellowhammer, Pine, ( at least over six species of Bunting bird), Chaffinch, Brambling, Goldfinch, Twite, Serin, Sparrow, there are over 30 species of Sparrow
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Garganey


male has a distinctive crackling mating call; the female is rather silent for a female duck, but can manage a feeble "quack". Garganey are rare breeding birds in the British Isles, with most breeding in quiet marshes in Norfolk and Suffolk. In Ireland a few pairs breed in Wexford, with occasional breeding elsewhere. The garganey is one of the species to which the "Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds" (AEWA) applies. The status of the garganey on the IUCN Red List is
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Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada


in Canada) and 15 wildlife species that are Extinct (X). The other category is not at risk (NAR). COSEWIC provides online updated status reports on designated species. COSEWIC bases its quantitative criteria for species' status assessment on the revised IUCN Red List, the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. COSEWIC provides International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's main authority on the conservation status of species, with a Regional Red List. IUCN.
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Eurasian blue tit


accept the shelter of a nesting box; the same hole is returned to year after year, and when one pair dies another takes possession. It is estimated by the RSPB that there are 3,535,000 breeding pairs in the UK. During the incubation period, female blue tits perform most, if not all, of the incubation, however the male feeds the female during this time, with both female nest attendance and male feeding rate higher in the morning, declining throughout the day. Eggs are long and wide. Egg size appears
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Gässlösa


dormouse has been observed. The population of red fox has become smaller because of scabies. Various species of birds live in the nature reserve, such as European pied flycatcher, Eurasian nuthatch, great tit, marsh tit, blue tit, green woodpecker, black woodpecker and great spotted woodpecker. In the river, there are brown trout. There are also insects like ground beetles and "Geotrupes stercorarius". Throughout history, several watermills have existed at the stream. In 1844, some smaller mills were replaced by one larger mill
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Small-toothed mole


now considered "data deficient". The small-tooth mole is becoming endangered because of its required habitat. The habitat that the animal lives in is deteriorating quickly and growing smaller. The area that small-tooth moles occupy is already limited, without deteriorating land conditions. At this time, there are no measure of conservation in place. In 1990 there was a plan recommended to have field surveyors determine the status of the species of the small-tooth mole, named the "IUCN/SSC Eurasian Insectivores and Tree Shrews
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Hottentot teal


's parenting is limited to providing protection from predators and leading young to feeding areas. This species is omnivorous and prefers smaller shallow bodies of water. The Hottentot teal is one of the species to which the "Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds" (AEWA) applies. The status of the Hottentot teal on the IUCN Red List is Least Concern. "Spatula hottentota" was previously placed in the genus "Anas," called "Anas punctata." This name was suppressed owing to confusion over type
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Eurasian siskin


population of the siskin is estimated as between 20 and 36 million. The European population is estimated as between 2.7 and 15 million pairs. There does not seem to be a major decline in population numbers and for this reason the IUCN has listed their conservation status as Least Concern. The siskin appears in Annex II of the Berne Convention as a protected bird species. Like many of the finches the siskin is valued by aviculturalists as a domestic bird for its song and appearance. They do not require specific care and adapt well to
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Ada Ciganlija


in an urban area. Foxes, hares and roe deer inhabit the peninsula. However, with environmentalists warning that the island's biocoenosis has been overly affected, a new population of 60 hares and 100 pheasants was introduced into the ecosystem in 2006. Bird species include more common lapwings, mallards, quails and pheasants. Common woodland and parkland birds during the nesting season include great tit, blue tit, long-tailed tit, Eurasian nuthatch, European green woodpecker, great spotted woodpecker, golden oriole, nightingale, blackcap, common
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Sattal


sibia, blue whistling thrush, finches, mountain hawk eagle, black eagle, Eurasian jay, white-rumped needletail, black-headed jay, black-lored, black-throated tits, black bulbul, ashy-throated warblers, black-chinned babbler, rufous-breasted accentor, red-billed blue magpie, grey-winged blackbird, Eurasian griffon, common buzzard, black-chinned babbler, pink-browed rosefinch, common wood pigeon, slaty-headed parakeet, laughingthrush, chestnut-tailed minla, lemon-
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Eurasian teal


protection for habitat on the wintering grounds. The IUCN and BirdLife International classify the Eurasian teal as a species of Least Concern, unchanged from their assessment before the split of the more numerous "A. carolinensis". The Eurasian teal is one of the species to which the "Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds" (AEWA) applies. This dabbling duck is highly gregarious outside of the breeding season and will form large flocks. In flight, the fast, twisting flocks resemble waders; despite its short legs
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English Lowlands beech forests


-native grey squirrel, edible dormice (in the Chilterns) and deer, this forest ecoregion is considered at high risk, with a critical/endangered conservation status accorded it by the WWF. Air pollution may also be leading to a reduction in beech numbers, through increased susceptibility to disease. Among fauna found in this ecoregion, the West European hedgehog, red fox, Eurasian badger, European rabbit and wood mouse are relatively common, while the following are classed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List: The barbastelle,
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Khosrov Forest State Reserve


"), booted eagle ("Hieraaetus pennatus"), woodlark or wood lark ("Lullula arborea"), ring ouzel ("Turdus torquatus"), red-fronted serin ("Serinus pusillus"), Radde's accentor ("Prunella ocularis"), common redstart ("Phoenicurus phoenicurus"), song thrush ("Turdus philomelos"), greenish warbler ("Phylloscopus trochiloides"), coal tit ("Periparus ater"), Eurasian blue tit ("Parus coeruleus"), hawfinch
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Lapiș Forest


Marten marten"), European hamster ("Cricetus cricetus"), wildcat ("Felis silvestris"); Avifauna include the lesser spotted woodpecker ("Dendrocopos minor"), tree pipit ("Anthus trivalis"), Eurasian scops owl ("Otus scops"), European greenfinch ("Carduelis chloris"), southern fiscal ("Lanius collaris"), Eurasian hobby ("Falca subbuteo"), blue tit ("Parus caeruleus"), common raven ("Corvus corax"), yellowhammer
2277783
International Union for Conservation of Nature


Unlike other environmental organisations, IUCN does not itself aim to directly mobilize the general public. Education has been part of IUCN's work program since the early days but the focus is on stakeholder involvement and strategic communication rather than mass-campaigns. IUCN runs field projects for habitat and species conservation around the world. It produces the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems which in a similar way measures risks to ecosystems. The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is a global standard to assess the conservation status
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Willow tit


species is parasitised by the moorhen flea, "Dasypsyllus gallinulae". According to the RSPB, the willow tit is in rapid decline and is now considered a 'red status' bird. This status was given for two factors: Conservation work is continuing to determine the cause of the willow tit's decline in population and to try to identify ways to improve the situation. Most authorities retain "Poecile" as a subgenus within the genus "Parus", but the American Ornithologists' Union treats it as a distinct genus.
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Haller park


a small one-storey nursery school and a creche occupy some space in the north of the park. As a response to public concern, a park guard system went operational in May 2008, proving successful immediately. Haller park has numerous tree species: chestnuts, poplars, black poplars, willows, lindens, yews and planes. Birds abound, too: blackbirds, tits, Eurasian blue tits, robins, magpies, pigeons, sparrows and even crows. As regards mammals, hedgehogs and squirrels can be seen quite infrequently.
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Conservation biology


they sustain. Aldo Leopold was a classical thinker and writer on such conservation ethics whose philosophy, ethics and writings are still valued and revisited by modern conservation biologists. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has organized a global assortment of scientists and research stations across the planet to monitor the changing state of nature in an effort to tackle the extinction crisis. The IUCN provides annual updates on the status of species conservation through its Red List. The IUCN Red List serves as an international conservation tool to identify those
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Willow tit


The most recent molecular taxonomic analysis, using both nuclear and mitochondrial genes, supports "Poecile" as a distinct clade including the chickadees and a group of Eurasian tits, the white-browed tit "Poecile superciliosus", the sombre tit, "P. lugubris", the rusty-breasted tit "P. davidi", the marsh tit "P. palustris", the Caspian Tit "P. hyrcanus" and the black-bibbed tit "P. hypermelaenus"; the Songar tit is included as a subspecies of the willow tit.
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Conservation status


use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the best known worldwide conservation status listing and ranking system. Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation. Also included are species that have gone extinct since 500 CE. When discussing the IUCN Red List, the official term "threatened" is a grouping of three categories: critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable. The Convention on
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Blue coral


large range, the blue coral has been given the conservation status of a vulnerable species by the IUCN. Its population is unknown but it is believed to be decreasing in line with the global destruction of coral reefs; it is threatened by aquarium harvesting, bleaching, habitat destruction, the acidification of oceans, and climate change. It is found in the eastern and western Indian Ocean, and the eastern central, western central, northwestern, and southwestern Pacific Ocean; its range includes the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, Japan and
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Nepenthes bicalcarata


level. The conservation status of "N. bicalcarata" is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species based on an assessment carried out in 2000. In 1997, Charles Clarke informally classified the species as Near Threatened based on the IUCN criteria. This agrees with the conservation status assigned to "N. bicalcarata" by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. The two thorns that give "N. bicalcarata" its name are unique to this species and bear some of the largest nectaries in the plant kingdom. The purpose of
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Atalaya (plant)


underground woody rootstocks. In South Africa three species grow naturally. The scarcity of "A. natalensis" trees and their restricted range has received the global conservation status (IUCN) of "vulnerable D2". "A. capensis" has a global conservation status (IUCN) listing also, of "Lower Risk / conservation dependent" . In Papua New Guinea "A. papuana" grows naturally in coast monsoon dune scrub (coastal rainforests on dune soils that become seasonally dry, with deciduous trees), tropical savanna forests and in regenerating
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Blue coua


forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical mangrove forest, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. The females lays one white egg on a platform nest, constructed of leaves and twigs on a trees branch. This species can be found in the forests of north-western and eastern areas of Madagascar and is considered to be common. This species is reported to be common in suitable habitat and its population trend appears stable. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classified the conservation status
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Eurasian nuthatch


seeds. It is an inveterate hoarder, storing food year-round. Its main natural predator is the Eurasian sparrowhawk. Fragmentation of woodland can lead to local losses of breeding birds, but the species' range is still expanding. It has a large population and huge breeding area, and is therefore classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as being of least concern. The nuthatches are a family of similar-looking birds with short tails and wings, compact bodies and longish pointed bills. They have
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Eurasian curlew


It has been observed that curlews tend to nest close to kestrel's nests, as they can offer protection from other predators, such as corvids, even though kestrels also predate curlew nests . The curlew is one of the species to which the "Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds" (AEWA) applies. Formerly classified as a species of Least Concern by the IUCN, it was suspected to be rarer than generally assumed. Following the evaluation of its population size, the classification was found to be incorrect
7074146
World Commission on Protected Areas


The World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) is one of six commissions of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). In 1948, the IUCN established a Committee on National Parks. Two decades later the IUCN had been asked by the international community to take responsibility for preparing a world list of national parks in keeping with its role as a network to share the world’s knowledge on nature conservation, and in 1960, the IUCN raised the status of the Committee to that of a permanent Commission, with
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IUCN Red List of Ecosystems


The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems (RLE) is a global framework for monitoring and documenting the status of ecosystems. It was developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as part of the growing toolkit for biodiversity risk assessment. Its main objective is to support conservation, resource use, and management decisions by evaluating all the world's ecosystems by 2025. The Red List of Ecosystem was developed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's leading authority on the subject and the same entity
4416626
Camas pocket gopher


lupines. Citing concerns of urbanization, habitat loss and active attempts at eradication, NatureServe assesses the camas pocket gophers' conservation status as vulnerable. The conservation status of the camas pocket gopher is classified as "least concern" by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Species Programme, with a stable population trend. The IUCN notes that the gopher is common in its range; studies indicate that populations can recover rapidly after traps are removed from an area, and the species may adapt well to environmental changes. The
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IUCN Red List


The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. A series of
19930289
International Union for Conservation of Nature


its focus beyond conservation ecology and now incorporates issues related to sustainable development in its projects. Unlike many other international environmental organisations, IUCN does not itself aim to mobilize the public in support of nature conservation. It tries to influence the actions of governments, business and other stakeholders by providing information and advice, and through building partnerships. The organization is best known to the wider public for compiling and publishing the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide. IUCN has a membership of over 1400
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International Union for Conservation of Nature


governmental and non-governmental organizations. Some 16,000 scientists and experts participate in the work of IUCN commissions on a voluntary basis. It employs approximately 1000 full-time staff in more than 50 countries. Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland. IUCN has observer and consultative status at the United Nations, and plays a role in the implementation of several international conventions on nature conservation and biodiversity. It was involved in establishing the World Wide Fund for Nature and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. In the past, IUCN has been criticized
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International Union for Conservation of Nature


Council of Europe. In 1961, at the request of United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the United Nations Economic and Social Council, IUCN published the first global list of national parks and protected areas which it has updated ever since. IUCN's best known publication, the Red Data Book on the conservation status of species, was first published in 1964. IUCN began to play a part in the development of international treaties and conventions, starting with the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
13568854
Yellow tit


The yellow tit, Taiwan yellow tit, or Formosan yellow tit ("Machlolophus holsti") is a species of bird in the family Paridae. It is endemic to central Taiwan. Its natural habitat is montane temperate forest. It has a restricted range and small population, and appears to be declining due to large-scale capture for export by the wild bird trade, so it is classed as Near Threatened by the IUCN. The yellow tit was formerly one of the many species in the genus "Parus" but was
9465202
Indian vulture crisis


as diclofenac, once commonly used as a livestock anti-inflammatory drug. Use of diclofenac is now banned in India. The IUCN Red Data Book has listed "Gyps bengalensis" as "critically endangered". In winter 2012, 56 vultures in three species (Eurasian griffon, cinereous vulture, Egyptian vulture) and 10 steppe eagles were found dead at Jorbeer dumping site. Six Eurasian griffons were found dead in May 2013 due to dehydration and wing weakness. The area has been declared as a conserved forest area, but the
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Ruff


, on migration and in winter. Classified as "least concern" on the IUCN Red List criteria, the global conservation concerns are relatively low because of the large numbers that breed in Scandinavia and the Arctic. However, the range in much of Europe is contracting because of land drainage, increased fertiliser use, the loss of mown or grazed breeding sites, and over-hunting. This decline has seen it listed in the "Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds" (AEWA). The ruff is
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Nepenthes spathulata


. It is somewhat reminiscent of the highland heath forests around Bareo in Sarawak, Borneo. Due to the patchy distribution of "N. spathulata", its conservation status is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, Charles Clarke suggests a revised status of Conservation Dependent based on the IUCN criteria. The closest relative of "N. spathulata" appears to be "N. singalana". It differs from this species in having a peristome that is contracted towards the front and very wide at the sides.
21531150
Regional Red List


A Regional Red List (RRL) is a report of the threatened status of species within a certain country or region. It is based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, an inventory of the conservation status of species on a global scale. Regional Red Lists assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit and therefore may feed directly into national and regional planning. This project is coordinated by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and partners in national governments
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Regional Red List


, universities and organizations throughout the world. Regional Red Lists may assist countries or regions in: The IUCN Categories and Criteria were initially designed to assess the conservation status of species globally, however there was a demand for guidelines to apply the system at the regional level. In 2003, IUCN developed a set of transparent, quantitative criteria to assess the conservation status of species at the regional and national level. This approach is now being applied in many countries throughout the world. Recently, Regional Red Lists have been completed for Mongolian
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Endangered species


An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct in the near future. Endangered (EN), as categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, is the second most severe conservation status for wild populations in the IUCN's schema after  (CR). In 2012, the IUCN Red List featured 3,079 animal and 2,655 plant species as endangered (EN) worldwide. The figures for 1998 were, respectively, 1,102 and 1,197. Many nations have laws that
3812127
List of critically endangered mammals


a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN. While the category of "data deficient" indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed." This is a complete list of critically endangered mammalian species and subspecies evaluated by the IUCN.
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White stork


individual in Belgium was seen in 1895, in Sweden in 1955, in Switzerland in 1950 and in the Netherlands in 1991. However, the species has since been reintroduced to many regions. It has been rated as least concern by the IUCN since 1994, after being evaluated as near threatened in 1988. The white stork is one of the species to which the "Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds" (AEWA) applies. Parties to the agreement are required to engage in a wide range of conservation
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Tagus Estuary Natural Reserve


. The many other species present attest to the biological richness and value for nature conservation in this region: the greater flamingo ("Phoenicopterus roseus"), greylag goose ("Anser anser"), the dunlin ("Calidris alpina"), black-tailed godwit ("Limosa limosa"), hen harrier ("Circus cyaneus"), osprey ("Pandion haliaetus"), bluethroat ("Luscina svecica"), common firecrest ("Regulus ignicapillus") and Eurasian penduline tit ("Remiz pendulinus
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List of critically endangered arthropods


As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 394 critically endangered arthropod species, including 86 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 4.1% of all evaluated arthropod species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists three arthropod subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of arthropods have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 2875 arthropod species (30% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
18760593
List of critically endangered molluscs


As of September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 581 critically endangered mollusc species, including 117 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 8.0% of all evaluated mollusc species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists 11 mollusc subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of molluscs have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 1988 mollusc species (27% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
2441326
List of critically endangered insects


As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 195 critically endangered insect species, including 46 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 3.2% of all evaluated insect species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists two insect subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of insects have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 1702 insect species (28% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
2441517
List of critically endangered invertebrates


As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 987 critically endangered invertebrate species, including 206 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 5.5% of all evaluated invertebrate species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists 14 invertebrate subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of invertebrates have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 5278 invertebrate species (29% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
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International Union for Conservation of Nature


1974) and its formal standing and influence increased. A grant from the Ford Foundation in 1969 enabled it to boost its secretariat and expand operations. During the 1960s, IUCN lobbied the UN General Assembly to create a new status for NGOs. Resolution 1296, adopted in 1968, granted 'consultative' status to NGOs. IUCN itself was eventually accredited with six UN organizations. IUCN was one of the few environmental organisations formally involved in the preparations of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm, 1972). The
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Livingstone National Park


species conservation Act 1995). Along with international recognition under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2004). Identifying the habitat of, and monitoring its condition, is an important conservation action in the National recovery plan for the Swift Parrot. The protection status of Livingstone National Park means management is consistent with and intends to deliver the actions in recovery plans for conserving the Swift Parrots overwintering ground, when it leaves breeding grounds in Tasmania and disperses widely over the mainland, from
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Cleland Conservation Park


extinct The Adelaide pygmy blue-tongue skink (Tiliqua adelaidensis) had been classified extinct until its rediscovery near Burra in South Australia in 1992. It is classified as Endangered in South Australia. Another example Chestnut-rumped heathwren status has changed from Vulnerable in 2008, to Endangered in 2016. Also, Western Pygmy Possum were listed as Vulnerable in AMRL in 2008 and became Critically Endangered in the Adelaide and Mt Lofty Ranges Region in Sep 2015. Different emerging threats and species response In 2008 wildfire was counted as the primary potential threat
19482859
Pethia cumingii


and Flora of Sri Lanka, IUCN Sri Lanka. IUCN, (2000); The 1999 list of threatened fauna and flora of Sri Lanka, IUCN Sri Lanka. IUCN, (2000); The Fauna of Sri Lanka Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation, IUCN Sri Lanka. Perera, N., (2002); Preliminary Survey of Upper Attanagalu River basin in South West Ichthyological Zone of Sri Lanka, SRI LANKA NATURALIST, JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY AND NATURE, Young Zoologist’s Association of Sri Lanka. Pethiyagoda, R.
14745984
List of birds of Ireland


its isolation. Several species such as the tawny owl, Eurasian nuthatch and willow tit which breed in Great Britain have not been recorded. However, there are large colonies of seabirds including important populations of European storm-petrels, northern gannets, and roseate terns. Other notable breeding birds include corn crakes and red-billed choughs. There are no endemic species but there are endemic subspecies of white-throated dipper, coal tit, and Eurasian jay. Large numbers of wildfowl and waders winter in Ireland, attracted by its mild
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Frederick Yeh


sea turtle conservation efforts in Hawaii. According to the global authority on nature conservation, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the sea turtles of the Hawaiian Islands were also once under the threat of near extinction, but are now thriving and their conservation status reclassified as "Least Concern" according to the IUCN Red List. Thus, Yeh established Sea Turtles 911 under Hawaiian jurisdiction, and changed the course of his life by moving to China to save the sea turtles he had hopelessly witnessed being sold, earning
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Rodrigues flying fox


a few hundred in total in the wild, and the bat is classified as endangered by the IUCN. The Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust has undertaken a successful captive breeding program, and there are now colonies in several zoos. Due to its imperiled status, it is identified by the Alliance for Zero Extinction as a species in danger of imminent extinction. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. In 2017, the IUCN determined that this species now has
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Eurasian blue tit


and in parts of the Middle East. These areas include Ireland, the United Kingdom and most of the European Union and EFTA (except Malta, where they are considered vagrant, and Iceland, where they are absent), plus: Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Libya, the Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Vatican
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Tromborn


corncrake, the Eurasian hobby, the curlew and the common grasshopper warbler. Other species have been seen, such as the red kite, the blue tit, the buzzard, the pheasant, the marbled white butterfly, the kestrel and the wagtail. The forest area of the village is inhabited by the common species to the region such as wild boar, deer and fox. The village is located at kilometer 32 of the departmental route 954 which extends from west to east of Metz (km 0) to Saarlouis (38 km
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Coluber constrictor foxii


eggs are also laid under large rocks and in mounds of decaying organic matter. Intra- and interspecific (with the eastern fox snake) communal nest sites have been documented and appear to be relatively common. The snake has not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List in terms of conservation, but is listed as endangered in Canada by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada.It is listed as a species of special concern in the state of Wisconsin. The blue racer has been on Ontario's Endangered Species List
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Swift parrot


loss of habitat, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) upgraded the status of the swift parrot from endangered to critically endangered in October 2015 based on results from the study. The surgeon John White described the swift parrot in 1790 as the red-shouldered paroquet ("Psittacus discolor"). It was placed in the genus "Lathamus" by René Primevère Lesson in 1830. The swift parrot is only distantly related to the blue-winged and orange-bellied parrots, suggesting that two separate lineages might have
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Wattled guan


a distance. Like many tropical forest birds, it is heard more often than seen. It is threatened by habitat destruction and the IUCN has assessed its conservation status as being "near threatened". The wattled guan is recognisable by the elongated red and yellow fleshy wattle that dangles from its throat. It is a large bird with a long tail, about long and weighing between . The plumage is black, the beak is blue and the feet are flesh-coloured. The wattled guan is endemic to the foothills of the
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Eurasian blue tit


of excitement rather than anger, for it is also elevated during nuptial display. The nesting material is usually moss, wool, hair and feathers, and the eggs are laid in April or May. The number in the clutch is often very large, but seven or eight are normal, and bigger clutches are usually laid by two or even more hens. It is not unusual for a single bird to feed the chicks in the nest at a rate of one feed every 90 seconds during the height of the breeding season. In
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Hanger Hill Wood


), European yew ("Taxus baccata"), European holly ("Ilex aquifolium"), European ivy ("Hedera helix") and other tree species. Breeding birds include common wood pigeons ("Columba palumbus"), common blackbirds ("Turdus merula"), Eurasian blue tits ("Cyanistes caeruleus"), common starlings ("Sturnus vulgaris") and invasive rose-ringed parakeets ("Psittacula krameri"). Mammal species include red foxes ("Vulpes vulpes"), European hedgehogs
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Plains rat


' by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the IUCN conservation status for the species is 'vulnerable'. The name "Pseudomys" comes from the combined form of the Greek word "pseudes" (meaning "false") and the Latin word "mys" (meaning "mouse"), presumably because of the plains rat's puzzling similarities and differences to "true mice" in the genus "mus". The name "australis" comes from the Latin word "australis" (
21672382
Penduline tit


U.S. and northern Mexico. Several species of penduline tit are migratory, although this behaviour is only shown in species found in Asia and Europe; African species and the verdin are apparently sedentary. The Eurasian penduline tit is migratory over parts of its range, with birds in northern Europe moving south in the winter but birds in southern Europe remaining close to their breeding areas. In contrast the Chinese penduline tit is fully migratory and undertake long distance migrations. Most live in open country with trees or bushes, ranging from desert to marsh
2272396
Eurasian bittern


to 340,000 individuals. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its overall conservation status as being of "least concern because although the population trend is downward, the rate of decline is insufficient to justify rating it in a more threatened category. The chief threat the bird faces is destruction of reed beds and drainage and disturbance of its wetland habitats. It is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies. The southern race has suffered catastrophic decline during the
4518021
Stenogomphurus consanguis


Stenogomphurus consanguis, the Cherokee clubtail, is a species of clubtail dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is endemic to the southeastern United States, found in small rivers and streams. The IUCN conservation status of "Stenogomphurus consanguis" is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018. The species had a Red List assessment of "rare" from 1986 to 1994, "vulnerable" in 1996, and "endangered" in 2007. There are
16664674
Phanogomphus sandrius


Phanogomphus sandrius, the Tennessee clubtail, is a species of clubtail dragonflies in the family Gomphidae. It is found in the United States, in nine locations of central Tennessee. The IUCN conservation status of "Phanogomphus sandrius" is "VU", vulnerable. The species faces a high risk of endangerment in the medium term, with a decreasing population. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018. "Phanogomphus sandrius" was assessed as "endangered" in 1996 and "vulnerable" in 2007. "Phanogomphus sandrius" was recently
16664709
Gomphurus septima


Gomphurus septima, or Septima's clubtail, is a species of clubtail dragonflies in the family Gomphidae. The IUCN conservation status of "Gomphurus septima" is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018. "Gomphurus septima" was recently considered a member of the genus "Gomphus", but in 2017 it became a member of the genus "Gomphurus" when "Gomphurus" was elevated from subgenus to genus rank.
16664710
Large-billed parrotlet


degraded or deforested areas. This species is currently unrecognized by the IUCN Red List, so it does not have an official conservation status. Its populations are included in estimates of blue-winged parrotlets, which are listed as Least Concern with a stable population. It is suggested that the population of large-billed parrotlets is relatively low Like all members of the genus "Forpus", large-billed parrotlets are highly gregarious and are often seen in flocks of up to 100 birds. Large-billed parrotlets nest in tree cavities
10810721
Biak paradise kingfisher


The Biak paradise kingfisher ("Tanysiptera riedelii") is a tree kingfisher that is endemic to the Indonesian island of Biak which is one of a small group of islands located in Cenderawasih Bay near the northern coast of Papua. This bird has a turquoise-blue back with a white belly and tail streamers and a reddish beak. Its natural habitat is forests and the IUCN has assessed its conservation status as being "near-threatened". The adult Biak paradise kingfisher is about including its long tail. The crown, nape
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