Rüstem Pasha Mosque [SEP] architect
[{"answer": "Mimar Sinan", "provenance": [{"wikipedia_id": "1506181", "title": "R\u00fcstem Pasha Mosque", "start_paragraph_id": 3, "start_character": 41, "end_paragraph_id": 3, "end_character": 254, "bleu_score": 0.9016857283765338, "meta": {}, "section": "Section::::History.\n"}]}]
Rüstem Pasha Mosque


The Rüstem Pasha Mosque () is an Ottoman mosque located in the Hasırcılar Çarşısı (Strawmat Weavers Market) in the Tahtakale neighborhood of the Fatih district, Istanbul, Turkey. It was designed by the Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan and completed in around 1563. The Rüstem Pasha Islamic cultural center was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the grand vizier Rüstem Pasha (the husband of one of the daughters of Suleiman the Magnificent by Hürrem Sultan (Roxelana), Mihrimah Sultan). Rüstem Pasha died at age 61 in July
11125400
Rüstem Pasha


, 130 kinds of armors, 860 gold embroidered swords, 1500 silver tolga, 1000 silver balls, 33 precious jewels etc. The Rüstem Pasha Mosque (Turkish: Rüstem Paşa Camii) is an Ottoman mosque located in Hasırcılar Çarşısı (Strawmat Weavers Market) in Fatih, Turkey,[3] which was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for Grand Vizier Rüstem Pasha. It was built between 1561 and 1563.[4] In the first, Rustem Pasha was a sanjak bey. After the death of Pargali Ibrahim Pasha his way became very easy.
1287494
Sinan Pasha Mosque (Istanbul)


The Sinan Pasha Mosque () is an Ottoman mosque located in a densely populated district of Beşiktaş, in Istanbul, Turkey. It was built by the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan for the admiral Sinan Pasha. The "türbe" (tomb) of Barbaros Hayrettin Pasha is located just across the street. The mosque was endowed by the Ottoman admiral Sinan Pasha who was the younger brother of the grand vizier Rüstem Pasha. The mosque was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan. Sinan Pasha died in 1554 and work began after his
10693440
Culture of Turkey


Mosque and the surrounding complex, built for Suleiman the Magnificent. The Selimiye Mosque in Edirne was built during the years 1568-74, when Sinan was in his prime as an architect. The Rüstem Pasha Mosque, Mihrimah Sultan Mosque, Ibrahim Pasha Mosque, and the Şehzade Mosque, as well as the türbes (mausoleum) of Suleiman the Magnificent, Roxelana and Selim II are among Sinan's most renowned works. Most classical period designs used the Byzantine architecture of the neighboring Balkans as its base, and from there, ethnic
10951000
Rüstem Pasha Medrese


Rüstem Pasha Medrese () is a former medrese, located in Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey. It was commissioned by Ottoman statesman and grand vizier Rüstem Pasha, and built by court architect Mimar Sinan in 1551. Rüstem Pasha Medrese is situated at Rüstempaşa Street 34 in Sururi neighborhood of Fatih district in old Istanbul. It was commissioned by Ottoman statesman and grand vizier Rüstem Pasha (c. 1500-1561). It was built by the court architect Mimar Sinan ( c. 1488/1490-1588), and completed in 1550-1551
16875732
Rüstem Pasha


story like that of Hürrem and Suleiman, with no letters full of great feelings and flowery parables. But Mihrimah was always at her husband's side, and after his death she accomplished his work as she had promised, as well as the Rüstem Paşa Camii (Rüstem Pasha Mosque, 1561–63), one of Mimar Sinan's most impressive projects. Rüstem supported Mihrimah's charitable foundations, for example, the Mihrimah Sultan İskele Camii (Mihrimah Sultan Mosque in Üsküdar, 1540–48; a known külliye in Istanbul, Mimar Sinan project)
1287510
Rüstem Pasha Mosque


1561 and the mosque was built after his death from around 1561 until 1563. The mosque complex now hosts a religious school. The mosque was built on a high terrace over a complex of vaulted shops, whose rents were intended to financially support the mosque complex. Narrow, twisting interior flights of steps in the corners give access to a spacious courtyard. The mosque has a double porch with five domed bays, from which projects a deep and low roof supported by a row of columns. The Rüstem Pasha Mosque is famous for
11125401
Rüstem Pasha


Pasha (Rüstem's successor as Grand Vizier). Damat Rüstem Pasha, the 32nd Grand Vizier of Suleiman the Magnificent (ruled 1544-1553 and 1555-1561), died after a long illness, on 10 July 1561 of hydrocephalus. He was buried in the wonderful Sehzade Mosque (Shehzade Camii), dedicated to Suleiman's favourite son Sehzade Mehmed (1520-1543), because his dream project, the Rüstem Paşa Camii, was not yet built. His tomb is alongside of the Şehzade Mehmed tomb (on the
1287512
Karađoz Bey Mosque


Karagöz Bey Mosque (, ) is a 16th century Ottoman mosque in the city of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. With its big dome and high minaret it is the largest in the region. An Arabic foundation inscription on the mosque records that it was commissioned by Mehmed Beg b. Abu al-Saʿadat’ who was a brother of a vizier in the year AH 965 (1557-58). Some scholars have claimed that the vizier was the grand vizier Rüstem Pasha but Rüstem Pasha is recorded as having only a single brother
18195889
Mimar Sinan


year he began the construction of a small mosque for Iskender Pasha at Kanlıka, beside the Bosphorus. This was one of the many minor and routine commissions the office of Sinan received over the years. In 1561, when Rüstem Pasha died, Sinan began the construction of the Rüstem Pasha Mosque, as a memorial supervised by his widow Mihrimah Sultana. It is situated just below the Süleymaniye. This time the central form is octagonal, modelled on the monastery church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus, with four small semi-domes set
10546438
Islamic architecture


Edirne. Apprentices of Sinan later built the famous Blue Mosque in Istanbul. The most numerous and largest of mosques exist in Turkey, which obtained influence from Byzantine, Persian and Syrian-Arab designs. Turkish architects implemented their own style of cupola domes. For almost 500 years Byzantine architecture such as the church of Hagia Sophia served as models for many of the Ottoman mosques such as the Shehzade Mosque, the Suleiman Mosque, and the Rüstem Pasha Mosque. The Ottomans mastered the technique of building vast inner spaces confined by seemingly weightless
1424926
Iznik pottery


sultans started a huge building programme. In these buildings, especially those commissioned by Süleyman, his wife Hürrem (Roxelana) and his Grand Vizier Rüstem Pasha, large quantities of tiles were used. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul (the "Blue Mosque") alone contains 20,000 tiles. The Rüstem Pasha Mosque is more densely tiled and tiles were used extensively in the Topkapı Palace. As a result of this demand, tiles dominated the output of the Iznik potteries. Under Süleyman the Magnificent (1520–66), demand for Iznik
18168779
Mimar Sinan


(or Jetty mosque) already shows several hallmarks of Sinan's mature style: a spacious, high-vaulted basement, slender minarets, single-domed baldacchino, flanked by three semi-domes ending in three exedrae and a broad double portico. The construction was finished in 1548. The construction of a double portico was not a first in Ottoman architecture, but it set a trend for country mosques and mosques of viziers in particular. Rüstem Pasha and Mihrimah required them later in their three mosques in Constantinople and in the Rüstem
10546427
Iznik pottery


but were transferred to the Yeni Kaplıca bathhouse when it was restored by the grand vizier Rüstem Pasha in 1552–1553. The tiles probably date from the late 1540s. The other building is the Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque at Silivrikapı in Istanbul which was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan and completed in 1551. Under the portico on the north façade are three tiled lunette panels and two roundels. The panels have white "thuluth" lettering reserved on a dark cobalt blue background. Between the letters are flowers in purple and turquoise. Within
18168788
Hagia Sophia


, including the Blue Mosque, the Şehzade Mosque, the Süleymaniye Mosque, the Rüstem Pasha Mosque and the Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex. The first church on the site was known as the ("Megálē Ekklēsíā", "Great Church"), or in Latin "Magna Ecclesia", because of its larger dimensions in comparison to the contemporary churches in the City. Inaugurated on 15 February 360 (during the reign of Constantius II) by the Arian bishop Eudoxius of Antioch, it was built next to the area where the
20378317
Şehzade Mosque


An unusual feature is the rectangular wooden throne over Mehmed's sarcophagus which symbolized his status as the heir apparent. Within the mausoleum there are also the tombs of Mehmed's daughter Hümaşah Sultan and his youngest brother Şehzade Cihangir (d. 1553). The identity of the fourth sarcophagus in not known. To the south of the Şehzade mausoleum is the smaller octagonal "türbe" of Grand Vizier Rüstem Pasha, which was also designed by Sinan. The inscription gives the year as AH 968 (1560-61). Rüstem Pasha was
15442863
Mimar Sinan


in a later stage, he also used divisions of three or ratios of two to three when working out the width and the proportions of domes, such as the Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque at Kadırga. While he was fully occupied with the construction of the Süleymaniye, Sinan or his subordinates drew up the plans and gave instructions for many other constructions. Sinan built a mosque for the Grand Vizier Pargalı İbrahim Pasha and a mausoleum ("türbe") at Silivrikapı (Constantinople) in 1551. The next Grand Vizier, Rüstem Pasha
10546434
Iznik pottery


. The ceramic collection of the Topkapi Palace includes over ten thousand pieces of Chinese porcelain but almost no Iznik pottery. Most of the surviving Iznik vessels are in museums outside Turkey, but examples of the city's tile production exist in numerous cities throughout Turkey, such as İstanbul, Bursa, Edirne and Adana. In Istanbul examples of Iznik tiling can be seen in mosques, tombs, libraries, and palace buildings, such as the Rüstem Pasha Mosque, the Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque, the tomb of Selim II in the Hagia
18168748
Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai


Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai (), also known as Taşhan, is a caravanserai located in Yakutiye district of Erzurum, eastern Turkey, built by Ottoman statesman and grand vizier Rüstem Pasha in 1561. Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai is located on Menderes Street at Fevziye neighborhood in Yakutiye district of Erzurum, eastern Turkey. The caravanserai was commissioned by Rüstem Pasha (c. 1500–1561), Ottoman statesman and grand vizier of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (reigned 1520–1566). Completed in 1561, it served the travelers and met all their needs day and night.
16081479
Little Hagia Sophia


consciously repeated in the basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna and served as a model for the famous Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan in the construction of the Rüstem Pasha Mosque, has the shape of an octagon inscribed in an irregular quadrilateral. It is surmounted by a beautiful umbrella dome in sixteen compartments with eight flat sections alternating with eight concave ones, standing on eight polygonal pillars. The narthex lies on the west side, opposed to an antechoir. Many effects in the building were later used in Hagia Sophia: the exedrae expand the central
8732221
Iznik pottery


1560) nor on the mausoleum of Rüstem Pasha (1562). With the exception of a tiled panel above an external doorway which was added at later date, none of the tiles in the Rustem Pasha Mosque include green in their decoration. The bright emerald green was introduced for the first time on the portico panels of Süleyman’s mausoleum in the funerary garden of the Süleymaniye complex, which was completed in 1567. An important object in the study of Iznik pottery is a mosque lamp that is now in the Victoria and Albert
18168795
Christian influences in Islam


major basilica, Hagia Sophia, to a mosque and incorporated Byzantine architectural elements into their own work, such as domes. This was a part of the conversion of non-Muslim places of worship into mosques. The Hagia Sophia also served as model for many Ottoman mosques, such as the Shehzadeh Mosque, the Suleiman Mosque and the Rüstem Pasha Mosque. Christological motifs could be found in the works of Nizami, Rumi and others. Islamic artists applied Christian patterns for iconography. The picture of the birth of Muhammad in Rashid ad
7928152
Islamic architecture


architecture. When the Ottomans captured the city from the Byzantines, they converted the basilica to a mosque (now a museum) and incorporated Byzantine architectural elements into their own work (e.g. domes). The Hagia Sophia also served as a model for many Ottoman mosques such as the Shehzade Mosque, the Suleiman Mosque, and the Rüstem Pasha Mosque. Domes are a major structural feature of Islamic architecture. The dome first appeared in Islamic architecture in 691 with the construction of the Dome of the Rock, a near replica of the
1424859
Kara Ahmed Pasha


unrest among soldiers who blamed Rüstem Pasha for Mustafa's death. Then Suleiman dismissed Rüstem Pasha and appointed Kara Ahmed Pasha as his Grand Vizier in October 1553. But almost two years later, Kara Ahmed was strangled by Suleiman's order in September 1555. It is said that the reason for the execution was due to political manoeuvrings of Suleiman's legal wife Hürrem Sultan, who wanted her son-in-law Rüstem to become the Grand Vizier again. After the death of Kara Ahmed, Rüstem Pasha became the Grand Vizier (
20190464
Dome


Imperial mosques in Istanbul also add semi-domes to the north and south, doing away with the basilica plan: Şehzade Camii, Sultan Ahmed I Camii, and Yeni Cami. The peak of this classical period, which lasted into the 17th century, came with the architecture of Mimar Sinan. In addition to large Imperial mosques, he produced hundreds of other monuments, including medium-sized mosques such as the Mihrimah, Sokollu, and Rüstem Pasha Mosque and the tomb of Suleiman the Magnificent. Süleymaniye Mosque, built in Constantinople
5412912
Yeni Valide Mosque


the Classical Ottoman period and of the "Sinan School" of Ottoman religious architecture. It is located in the Üsküdar neighborhood of Istanbul. The main part of the building is square-shaped and covered with a flattened main dome and four half domes. The mosque has two minarets with two balconies each. Calligraphy inside the mosque is the work of Hezarfen Mehmet Efendi. The mosque has an octagonal base with a central dome. Its plan is a variant of that of the Rüstem Pasha Mosque, but variations such as its corner
8009795
Iznik pottery


the potters in Iznik made tiles for the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul, the mausoleum of Hurrem Sultan (Roxelana) (completed in 1558), the Great Mosque in Adana (in around 1560), the Rüstem Pasha Mosque in Istanbul (completed in around 1563), and the mausoleum of Süleyman I (completed in 1567). The mausoleums of Süleyman I and that of his wife Hurrem Sultan are both located in the grounds of the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul. Associated with this switch to tile production were important changes in the
18168790
Rüstem Pasha


Rüstem Pasha Opuković (; ; 1500 – 10 July 1561) was a Bosniak and Croatian born Ottoman statesman. He served as the grand vizier of sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Rüstem Pasha is also known as Damat Rüstem Pasha (the epithet "damat" meaning "son-in-law" to the Ottoman dynasty) as a result of his marriage to the sultan's only daughter, Mihrimah sultan. He is known as one of the most influential and successful grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire. He was as one the wealthiest
1287483
Mimar Sinan


where his fleet used to assemble. Oddly enough, the admiral is not buried there, but in his türbe next to the Iskele mosque. This mausoleum has been severely neglected since then. Mihrimah Sultana, the only daughter of Süleyman and wife of the Grand Vizier Rüstem Pasha gave Sinan the commission to build a mosque with "medrese" (college), an "imaret" (soup kitchen) and a "sibyan mekteb" (Qur'an school) in Üsküdar. The "imaret" no longer exists. This Iskele Mosque
10546426
Fatih Mosque, Istanbul


designs invented by Sinan re-used repeatedly by himself and his successors throughout Istanbul (this technique is emulative of the Hagia Sophia). The 26 meter diameter center dome is supported by four semi-domes on each axis supported by four large marble columns. There are two minarets each with twin galleries. The calligraphy within the mosque and the mimbar exhibit a Baroque influence, but the white tiles of inferior quality are a poor comparison with the İznik tiled splendor of mosques such as the Rüstem Pasha Mosque. The mihrab dates from
21716021
Rüstem Pasha Mosque


the portico to the left main entrance, are decorated with sage green and dark manganese purple that are characteristic of the earlier 'Damascus ware' coloring scheme. No other mosque makes such a lavish use of Iznik tiles; with later mosques Sinan used files more sparingly. The plan of the building is basically that of an octagon inscribed in a rectangle. The main dome rests on four semi-domes; not on the axes but in the diagonals of the building. The arches of the dome spring from four octagonal pillars—
11125403
Rüstem Pasha


schools and various other establishments for the public benefit. Their funding was largely secured by the leasing of Rüstem's estates. He supported agriculture, founded new trading centers, like the bazaar in Sarajevo or silk factories in Bursa and Istanbul, social and educational institutions. He developed the domestic economy by encouraging major public works projects and built a modern infrastructure: trade routes, and water networks in Istanbul, Mekka and Jerusalem. He also found enough money in the treasury to make Suleiman's dream come true (Süleymaniye Mosque 1550-
1287492
Mimar Sinan


in the corners. In the same year, Sinan built a türbe for Rüstem Pasha in the garden of the Şehzade Mosque, decorated with the finest tiles Iznik could produce. Mihrimah Sultana, having doubled her wealth after the death of her husband, now wanted a mosque of her own. Sinan built the Mihrimah Camii at Edirnekapı (Edirne Gate) for her on the highest of the seven hills of Constantinople. He raised the mosque on a vaulted platform, accentuating its hilltop site. There is some speculation concerning the dates;
10546439
Iznik pottery


ground. The flowers are mainly blue but there is also turquoise, black and red. Outside the mosque on the north facade within the courtyard the windows have rectangular Iznik tile lunettes panels with text from the Quran. The white letters are written in "thuluth" script on a dark blue ground. The decoration on these tiles also includes the bole red. The next major monument designed by Sinan was the Rüstem Pasha Mosque which was completed in 1563. In contrast to the restrained use of tiles in the Süleymaniye Mosque, the
18168792
Yeni Valide Mosque


domes give it a more classical character than the Rüstem Pasha Mosque. It is also one of the earliest examples of the 18th-century trend towards domes that were proportionally higher and narrower. The cross vault over the central opening is an innovation first seen in this mosque. Rather than the five domes over the entrance portico – typical for Ottoman mosques – the Yeni Valide employs a cross vault over a central bay and cloister vaults over side bays. The interior decoration consists of stone carvings including muqarnas – intricate stone carvings with floral
8009796
Islamic architecture


from, and underpin, the proper shell of the dome. Mimar Sinan solved the structural issues of the Hagia Sophia dome by constructing a system of centrally symmetric pillars with flanking semi-domes, as exemplified by the design of the Süleymaniye Mosque (four pillars with two flanking shield walls and two semi-domes, 1550–1557), the Rüstem Pasha Mosque (eight pillars with four diagonal semi-domes, 1561–1563), and the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne (eight pillars with four diagonal semi-domes, 1567/8–1574/5). In
1424881
Rüstem Pasha


of Suleiman's "minister of finance" Iskender Celebi, whose execution he ordered etc.). Ibrahim was replaced with Ayas Mehmed Pasha, followed by Lütfi Pasha and Hadim Süleyman Pasha. Rüstem's career developed, unlike Ibrahim, exactly according to the rules. He became Grand Vizier eight years after Ibrahim's death. Sehzade Mustafa, the hope of the Ottoman Empire, was killed by his paranoid father after Hürrem and Rüstem had conspired against him for many years. It would be too naïve to consider Mustafa's death only
1287498
Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Kadırga)


Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque in the Kadırga neighborhood of the Fatih district, Istanbul, Turkey. It was commissioned jointly by the grand vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha and his wife İsmihan Sultan. It was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan and completed in 1571/2. The mosque is noted for the fine quality of the Iznik tiles that decorate the interior walls. The mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the grand vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha and his wife İsmihan Sultan, a daughter
17536335
Suleiman the Magnificent


: he is buried in a domed mausoleum attached to the mosque. Nevertheless, assessments of Suleiman's reign have frequently fallen into the trap of the Great Man theory of history. The administrative, cultural, and military achievements of the age were a product not of Suleiman alone, but also of the many talented figures who served him, such as grand viziers Ibrahim Pasha and Rüstem Pasha, the Grand Mufti Ebussuud Efendi, who played a major role in legal reform, and chancellor and chronicler Celalzade Mustafa, who played a major
7191770
Iznik pottery


Damascus ware' did not combine well the red bole and only a few monuments use both colours. Purple is used with red in the tiled panel depicting flowering prunus under the portico to the left of the entrance of Rüstem Pasha Mosque in Istanbul. 'Damascus ware' used a sage-green - a green with a greyish tone. This colour was used sparingly on the tiles of the mausoleum of Hurrem Sultan (Roxelana) (1558) but no green was used on the tiles of the Great Mosque in Adana (c.
18168794
Rüstem Pasha


agreement with the Safavids (signed 1554), which ended the long-standing Ottoman-Safavid wars, and secured the eastern borders of the Ottoman Empire. Suleiman was manipulated by Hürrem's intrigues when he murdered Ibrahim and replaced him with his son-in-law, Rüstem Pasha. Rüstem was not Suleiman's son-in-law when Pargali Ibrahim Pasha was executed. The background of Ibrahim's execution was much more complicated (e.g. he used the seal "Sultan Ibrahim", retained the majority of the confiscated property
1287497
Piyale Pasha Mosque


The Piyale Pasha Mosque ( ), also known as the Tersane Mosque (literally: Shipyard Mosque), is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque located in the Kasımpaşa neighborhood of the Beyoğlu district in Istanbul, Turkey. The Piyale Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the vizier and grand admiral Piyale Mehmed Pasha. The mosque was built between 1565 and 1573. Unlike other mosques designed by Sinan that have a large central dome, the Piyale Pasha Mosque is constructed with six identical domes, arranged as two rows
613764
Rüstem Pasha


. Rüstem was also Mihrimah's mentor, particularly concerning political and financial decisions. His last will from 1561 (above), provides evidence of his confidence in his wife. Other interesting facts, Rüstem's brother Sinan Pasha (Ottoman admiral) (who died in December 1553, a turbulent year for the family), was buried in Mihrimah Sultan Complex in Üsküdar, as well as two sons of Rüstem and Mihrimah. The daughter, Ayşe Hümaşah Hanım Sultan (1542-1594), was married in 1561 to Semiz Ali
1287511
Touristic Eastern Express


of Altıntepe, and the Gürlevik Waterfalls. Outdoor recreational activities such as paragliding, rafting, and safari are offered. During a three-hour train stop in Erzurum, passengers are taken on a sightseeing tour by bus, visiting historic buildings such as the Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai (Taşhan), Erzurum Congress building, and Çifte Minareli Medrese. Tourist attractions visited on the way from Kars to Ankara are the Grand Mosque and Hospital in Divriği and Gök Medrese, the Grand Mosque of Sivas, Buruciye Medrese, and Çifte Minareli Medrese in
15867700
Ottoman architecture


somewhat to relate to the gardens. For example, the Sulemaniye mosque, had windows in the qibla wall to create continuity with the garden outside. The mihrab had stained glass windows and iznik tiles that suggest a gate into paradise. The windows looking outwards to the garden to create the effect in which flowers from the garden act as if it would “perfume the minds of the congregation as if they have entered heaven.” Also, Rüstem Pasha mosque was known for its usage of izink tiles, where the decoration design provides
253504
Şemsi Pasha Mosque


The Şemsi Pasha Mosque (, also spelled "Chamsi-Pasha") is an Ottoman mosque located in the large and densely populated district of Üsküdar, in Istanbul, Turkey. The Şemsi Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for Grand Vizier Şemsi Pasha. The Mosque is one of the smallest to be commissioned by a Grand Vizier in Constantinople, however it is its miniature dimensions combined with its picturesque waterfront location which have made it one of the most attractive mosques in the city. The Mosque is a celebrated
19003927
Şehzade Mustafa


and Rüstem Pasha had made a court alliance against him in favor of Hürrem's sons, Selim and Bayezid. During Suleiman's Persian campaign, his army halted in Ereğli for a while. While Suleiman's army was in Ereğli, Rüstem Pasha made an offer to Mustafa to join his father's army. At the same time, he warned Suleiman that Mustafa was coming to kill him. Mustafa was accused by his father because of Hürrem Sultan and Rüstem Pasha. Mihrimah Sultan also played a role in Şehzade Mustafa's death.
20684768
Rüstem Pasha


the campaign. But soldiers assembled in the military camp in Karaman (Anatolia), rejected Suleiman's appointment, and insisted Rüstem should be replaced with Mustafa (the same problem was faced by Rüstem's brother Sinan Pasha, as admiral of the Ottoman fleet during the Tripolis siege, even though he achieved many victories until his death in 1553). Rüstem's military reform should not be forgotten in this context. The destabilization continued. What Mustafa did was now less important than what he did not do to avoid a new Ottoman
1287501
Kara Ahmed Pasha Mosque


The Kara Ahmed Pasha Mosque or Gazi Ahmed Pasha Mosque () is a 16th century Ottoman mosque near the city walls in Istanbul, Turkey. It was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan and completed in around 1572. The mosque was commissioned by Kara Ahmed Pasha who was married to Fatma Sultan, a daughter of Selim I. He became grand vizier under Suleiman the Magnificent in 1553 but was executed by strangulation two years later in 1555. The mosque was planned in around 1555 but only constructed between 1565 and 1571–72 after the pasha
11873254
Behram Pasha Mosque


Behrem Pasha Mosque (, ) is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque located in the town of Diyarbakır in southeast Turkey. It was commissioned by the Ottoman governor-general Behrem Pasha and designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan. The mosque was commissioned by the local Ottoman governor-general Behrem Pasha. He was the son of Kara Şahin Mustafa Pasha who served as the governor-general of Yemen and Egypt. The dates of Behrem Pasha's tenure in Diyarbakır are uncertain but were probably between 1564-65 and 1567-68
8061476
Mesih Mehmed Pasha Mosque


Mesih Mehmed Pasha Mosque () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque in the Fatih district of Istanbul. It was commissioned by one of Murad III's grand viziers, Mesih Mehmed Pasha, and designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan. The mosque was completed in 1585–86. The mosque was commissioned in 1584 by the eunuch Mesih Mehmed Pasha while he held the post of third vizier. Mesih Pasha had worked for nearly six years in Cairo as the governor-general of Egypt before returning to Istanbul in 1581. He became second
4873094
Deli Husrev Pasha


in 1536/37 and later second vizier in 1538. When the grand vizier Lütfi Pasha was deposed in 1541, Husrev, as second vizier expected the post for himself. He was surprised when the third vizier, Hadım Suleiman Pasha was chosen instead. When the latter died in 1544, Husrev was again expecting to get his post. However, during a divan meeting, he apparently drew a dagger and threatened then-third vizier Rüstem Pasha. After the Sultan heard of this, he appointed Rüstem Pasha as Grand Vizier instead. Husrev
7071605
Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque


The Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque located in the Silivrikapi neighborhood of Istanbul, Turkey. The Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the vizier Hadim (Eunuch) Ibrahim Pasha. The building was completed in 1551. The mosque is in the form of a domed cube with an attached portico. The main dome has a diameter of and is supported by eight internal buttresses. There are three tiers of windows. The five small domes of the portico are supported
9511540
Rüstem Pasha


in the Ereğli valley. According to one of them, Rüstem Pasha made an offer to Mustafa to join his father's army and at the same time he warned Suleiman that Mustafa was coming to kill him. According to another version, it was Suleiman himself who summoned his son to Ereğli, and Mustafa came, "confident that the army would protect him". Only Rüstem appears in all the versions as the antagonist. However, it is not surprising, as they are all based on Mustafa's PR chief consultant Taşlıcalı
1287503
Rüstem Pasha


decision, he was surely influenced by Rüstem's character. Most historical sources describe Rüstem as a reasonable and calm man with a keen intellect, who always keeps a cool head, and who is always unconditionally devoted to his ruler. These characteristics reflected Rüstem's faith, and brought Rüstem, Suleiman the Magnificent, and the famous jurist Ebussuud Efendi (Mehmed Ebussuud Efendi), permanently closer together. Rüstem was a sunni and preferred the spiritual order of Sunni Islam Sufism Naqshbandi. As Grand Vizier, he collected vast wealth. In
1287487
Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Azapkapı)


The Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. The mosque is situated in Azapkapı neighborhood of Beyoğlu district in Istanbul. It is directly beside the Atatürk Bridge across the Golden Horn, but there was no bridge here at the time the mosque was built. It was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan (c. 1488/1490-1588) and built for the grand vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (in office 1565–1579) in 1578. It is one of the three mosques with the
12087837
Rüstem Pasha


grand vizier in history. Rustem Pasha was taken as a child to Constantinople, where he built a military and bureaucracy career. He was very well educated. On 26 November 1539, he married Mihrimah Sultan, the daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent and his powerful wife Haseki Hürrem Sultan. His brother Sinan Pasha was an Ottoman grand admiral. Rüstem owes his career to the support of Hürrem Sultan, he was extremely ambitious. Rustem Pasha was a man of very humble origins. He came as a child to Constantinople where he studied
1287484
Zal Mahmud Pasha Mosque


The Zal Mahmud Pasha Mosque () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque located in the Eyüp district of Istanbul, Turkey. It was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan and completed in 1590. The building of the mosque was jointly endowed by Shahsultan and her second husband, the Bosnian born vizier, Zal Mahmud Pasha. Both had died in 1577. Shahsultan was one of the daughters of the sultan Selim II and his wife Nurbanu Sultan. After the death of Shahsultan's first husband in 1574 she married Zal Mahmud Pasha
2812762
Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Büyükçekmece)


The Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (), also known as the Köprübaşı (Bridgehead) Mosque, is the ruin of a 16th-century Ottoman mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. The ruin is situated in Büyükçekmece which is now a district of Istanbul, but would have been in the countryside at the time the mosque was built. It was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan (c. 1488/1490-1588) and built for the grand vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (in office 1565–1579) in 1567. It is one of the
12087864
Rüstem Pasha


, although in his views determined." Taşlıcalı Yahya Bey's elegy, the reports of ambassadors, administrative dossiers, foundation charters and some private documents like Hürrem's and Mihrimah's plea to Suleiman when Rüstem was expelled to Üsküdar, are the only period sources reporting on Rüstem's life. They were also the basis of the often cited İbrāhīm Peçevī's work 'Tārīḫ-i Peçevī", published 80 years after Rüstem's death. Mihrimah Sultan was married off to the governor of Diyarbakır Rüstem in 1539, because her mother
1287507
Şemsi Pasha


. His mother was the granddaughter of the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I, Ayşe Hümaşah Sultan. Raised in the Imperial residence of the period, Topkapı Palace, as Grand Vizier, he charged renowned court architect Mimar Sinan with the task of building a mosque and adjoining complex near his main seat, the Şemsi Pasha Palace on the Bosphorus shoreline in Constantinople. The Şemsi Pasha Mosque is one of the smallest mosques to be commissioned by a Grand Vizier, and yet it is one of the most well-known mosques in city, due
10627202
Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai


It contained a hospice, a small mosque, resting places, shops, stables for keeping camels, donkeys, oxen, buffaloes and horses. Not all of the original building parts survived. The inscription over the entrance gate reads as "This is a border post" () due to the position of Erzurum as a border city at that time. 40 to 50 men strong raider troops were stationed at the border posts, or outposts. After the eastern borders of the Ottoman Empire territory were extended out to Tbilisi and Caspian
16081480
Juma-Jami Mosque, Yevpatoria


The Juma-Jami Mosque, (, , ) also known as the Friday Mosque, is located in Yevpatoria, Crimea. Built between 1552 and 1564, and designed by the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan. The Juma-Jami is the largest mosque of Crimea and was founded by Khan Devlet I Giray in 1552. The Khan commissioned Istanbul architect Mimar Sinan (1489–1588) to build the mosque. Sinan was the chief architect of the Ottoman Empire. He designed the Sinan Pasha Mosque and the Şehzade Mosque in Istanbul. Construction of
6608271
Rüstem Pasha


, since 1538, a splendid career as Governor of Anatolya, one of the two most important administrative regions in the Ottoman Empire. This post was considered to be a preliminary stage to Grand Vizier. Rüstem's calm nature, faith, intellect and allegiance could also have influenced Süleyman's decision. Mihrimah knew Rüstem for a very long time as the mentor of her brothers and the adviser of her father. There is no record of another man in her life. The relationship between Mihrimah and Rüstem was probably not such a love
1287509
Rüstem Pasha Mosque


its large quantities of İznik tiles, set in a very wide variety of floral and geometric designs, which cover not only the façade of the porch but also the mihrab, minbar and walls. There are around 80 different patterns. These tiles exhibit the early use of Armenian bole, a tomato-red pigment that would become characteristic of İznik pottery. The bright emerald green colour is only used in a panel added above an exterior doorway at a later date. Some of the tiles, particularly those in a large panel under
11125402
Rüstem Pasha


Yahya Bey's elegy, "Şehzade Mustafa Mersiyesi". Even the report of the Austrian ambassador de Busbecq, who claims to have received an account from an eyewitness, had the same origin. Rüstem, suspended and banished, was fair game as an object of violence. No one dared to criticize the Sultan himself. Suleiman probably realized, and called Rüstem back two years later. Rüstem's scapegoating as the seemingly dominant figure of the "conspiracy against Mustafa", radically changed public opinion. The public likes uncomplicated stories with
1287504
Osman Shah Mosque


The Osman Shah Mosque () or Kursum Mosque (Κουρσούμ Τζαμί, from ) is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque in the city of Trikala in Greece. The mosque was commissioned by Osman Shah, also known as Kara Osman Pasha, who was the son of one of Sultan Selim I's daughters and the executed vizier İskender Pasha (died 1515). Osman Shah for a long time dwelt in Trikala as the governor of the local province, the Sanjak of Trikala. The mosque was designed by the Ottoman imperial architect Mimar
10114882
Green Mosque (İznik)


Green Mosque of Iznik () is a historic Ottoman mosque in Iznik, Turkey. One of the earliest examples of Ottoman architecture, the Yeşil Mosque was constructed by order of the Grand Vizier Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha of Sultan Murad I in Iznik. It was later completed by his son Ali Pasha. The inscription on the mosque gives the date of construction as AH 780-794 (1378-1391), and the name of the architect as Haci bin Musa. The Yeşil Mosque is located near the Lefke Gate on
1046315
Šarena Mosque


Šarena Džamija, (; ; ) meaning Decorated Mosque in English, is a mosque located near the Pena River in Tetovo, North Macedonia. The mosque was originally built in 1438 and later rebuilt in 1833 by Abdurrahman Pasha. The Šarena Džamija was originally built in 1438. The architect behind the Šarena Džamija was Isak Bey. Most mosques of the time had sultans, beys or pashas financing their constructions, but the Šarena Džamija, however, was financed by two sisters from Tetovo. As with many mosques, a hammam was built
14654557
Rüstem Pasha


Mihrimah). According to most period testimonies (excluding Taşlıcalı Yahya Bey's "Şehzade Mustafa Mersiyesi"), Rüstem was considered one of the few state dignitaries who didn't take bribes. Nonetheless, Rüstem's famous economic talent and his modest way of life, both highly valued by the Sultan, made him rich, even before his marriage to Mihrimah Sultan. It is not surprising that our knowledge of his wealth comes from his last will (a part of endowment charter from 1561). Here Rüstem made an inventory of
1287489
Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai


Sea, the mansions, shelters, barns and shops were added to the caravanserai. Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai is considered as one of the masterworks of Ottoman architecture. The two-story ashlar building surrounds a rectangular courtyard. The courtyard has an entrance in the west and the east. The gates hare pointed arched and vaulted. The building has 32 rooms, which are situated behind verandas looking to the courtyard. The upper rooms are flat vaulted. The ornaments found here were added in a later time. The caravanserai underwent a major
16081481
Hurrem Sultan


, İskender Çelebi, repeatedly clashed over military leadership and positions during the Safavid war. These incidents launched a series of events which culminated in his execution in 1536 by Süleyman's order. It is believed that Hurrem's influence contributed to Süleyman's decision. After three other grand viziers in eight years, Süleyman selected Hurrem's son-in-law, Damat Rüstem Pasha, husband of Mihrimah, to become the grand vizier. Scholars have wondered if Hurrem's alliance with Mihrimah Sultan and Rüstem Pasha helped secure the throne for one
1810364
Yahya bey Dukagjini


of panegyric) against him and presented it during the Persian campaign to the Sultan and Grand Vizier Rüstem Paşa, who was declared as "enemy of the poets". Rustem Pasha was so delighted with the level of contempt towards Khayali, that Yahya was made administrator of several foundations in Bursa and Istanbul. In 1553, near Ereğli in Konya, Suleiman the Magnificent, whilst on a military campaign to Iran, and upon false information given to him from Grand Vizier Rüstem Pasha, had his first born, Prince Şehzade (Prince
22124914
Mosque of Muhammad Ali


Pasha, Muhammad Ali's oldest son, who died in 1816. This mosque, along with the citadel, is one of the landmarks and tourist attractions of Cairo and is one of the first features to be seen when approaching the city any direction. The mosque was built on the site of old Mamluk buildings in Cairo's Citadel between 1830 and 1848, although not completed until the reign of Said Pasha in 1857. The architect was Yusuf Bushnak from Istanbul and its model was the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in that city. The
238347
Kurşunlu Mosque and Complex


Kurşunlu Mosque and Complex () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque and its social complex in Odunpazarı district of Eskişehir, Turkey. The mosque and the complex were commissioned by the Ottoman vizier Çoban Mustafa Pasha, and were built between 1517 and 1525. Although the architect is unknown, it is believed that it was designed by Acem Ali, who was the head architect before Mimar Sinan (c. 1489/1490 – 1588). The mosque is named for its lead-covered () dome. The mosque is a single-dome
2171804
Rüstem Pasha


He was promoted to Baylerbey of the Diyarbakir. When he married Mihrimah Sultan Rustem was a vizier. Suleiman the Magnificent made Rustem the grand vizier for the first time in 1544. But in 1553, Rustem Pasha was dismissed from his position. After two years he take his position again from 1555 until his death in 1561. During his tenure the Ottoman Empire was the most powerful in the economy. As a diplomat, Rüstem initiated many trade agreements with European countries and India. His biggest success in the diplomatic area, was
1287495
Şehzade Mustafa


Mustafa accepted Rüstem Pasha's offer and assembled his army to join his father's. Suleiman saw this as a threat and ordered the execution of his son. When Mustafa entered his father's tent to meet with him, Suleiman's guards attacked Mustafa, and after a long struggle they killed him using a bow-string. The name of the man who strangled Şehzade Mustafa was Mahmut Ağa. He was Rüstem Pasha's right hand. Mustafa had two consorts: Mustafa had three sons: Mustafa had two daughters: In 1561
20684769
Rüstem Pasha


. Members of this division could also become ordinary soldiers (non-aristocrat), if they proved to be extraordinarily courageous and loyal. A few years later Rüstem advanced to mirahur-i evvel aga (chief supervisor of the sultan's stables) and rikab-dar (the stirrup holder when the ruler got on the horse). The mirahur accompanied the Sultan during his travels, so the Sultan knew Rüstem a long time before he appointed him, possibly inspired by Hürrem, the tutor of his sons. In making this
1287486
Rüstem Pasha


melodramatic contrasts. And so the Rüstem extolled years ago as the "pillar of the Ottoman empire", brilliant economist and sophisticated statesman, was forgotten, as well as his great projects and charitable foundations. He became Rüstem the "black heart, the murderer of the loved Prince Mustafa". Nothing was enough to make him dirty: his "dirty" origin, the imputation of bribery, the story with the louse... Some foreign amabassadors like Ghiselin de Busbecq or Bernardo Navagero, repeated it spitefully in their reports (all
1287505
Rüstem Pasha


every single detail of his property, in order to secure his great foundation projects after his death. Such an accurate description has left none of his predecessors behind (therefore historians propose that some of these predecessors, like Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha, were even richer). Rüstem's testament determines exactly which part of his property belongs to the state, to his foundations, to the Hürrem Sultan's foundation and to Mihrimah's foundations, what he leaves to his wife Mihrimah and to his daughter Ayşe Hümaşah. He determines his wife Mihrimah
1287490
Rüstem Pasha


this way, he acquired an unprecedented wealth. Even Rüstem's sworn opponents admitted, that he never boasted of his wealth or power (although he was a man of fortune), and that he was the very first Grand Vizier in the history of the Ottoman Empire who significantly contributed to the development of the state from his own funds. Also many charitable foundation charters confirm this fact. For example, the charters from 1544, 1557, 1560, 1561 as well as from 1570 (Rüstem's posthumous endowment, realized by
1287488
Rüstem Pasha


the agreement with the King Ferdinand I and the Emperor Charles V, which confirmed, without firing a shot, the western border of the Ottoman Empire for more than 14 years (signed in 1547). Ferdinand renounced his claim to the Kingdom of Hungary and agreed to pay a tax of 30,000 gold ducats per year into the Ottoman treasury. The ambassador of the Emperor Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq wrote that Charles had tried on several occasions to revise the unfavourable agreement, but Rüstem had always prevented it. Rüstem also worked on the
1287496
Şemsi Pasha Mosque


tomb of Şemsi Ahmet is joined to the main building, divided from the interior by a grille. The chamber is crowned by a mirror vault at the height of the prayer hall drum. It has three casement windows facing the Bosphorus and nine upper windows on three walls, adorned with coloured glass. Surrounding the Mosque is a larger complex, situated on the coast of Üsküdar, also built by court architect Sinan near the Şemsi Pasha Palace and, according to the inscription over the mosque portal, construction was completed in 1580.
19003929
Mimar Sinan


thoroughly studied the work of other architects, especially since he was responsible for the upkeep of these buildings. He copied the old form, pondered over the weaknesses in the construction and tried to solve this with his own solution. In 1554, Sinan used the form of the Sinan Pasha mosque again for the construction of the mosque for the next Grand Vizier Kara Ahmet Pasha in Constantinople, his first hexagonal mosque. By using a hexagonal plan, Sinan could reduce the side domes to half-domes and set them in the corners
10546436
Sokollu Mehmed Pasha


and Constantinople alone contained a number of his mosques. The Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque and the complex built at Kadirga district of İstanbul by architect Mimar Sinan is considered to be the most beautiful of the smaller mosques in İstanbul. It is known for its unusually fine ordering of medrese over the entry stairs, its lofty elegant interior, the first hooded fountain, ogival arches of the arcades, and especially, the fine and well preserved Iznik tiles. His most renowned endowment is the eleven-arched Višegrad bridge in his hometown of Višegrad
15764148
Sinan Pasha (Ottoman admiral)


Sinanüddin Yusuf Pasha or in short Sinan Pasha (Croatian: "Sinan-paša"), (died 21 December 1553) was an Ottoman Grand Admiral (Kapudan Pasha), who served the Ottoman Navy for nearly four years between 1550 and the end of 1553, during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. He was of Croatian descent, the predecessor of Piali Pasha in this rank and the brother of Grand Vizier Damat Rüstem Pasha, who in turn was married to Mihrimah Sultan, a daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent. Sinan
11902166
Mesih Mehmed Pasha Mosque


vizier in July 1584 and then grand vizier for the four-month period from 1 December 1585 until 15 April 1586. He died in 1589 and was buried by his mosque. It is unclear to what extent the imperial architect Mimar Sinan was involved in the design of the mosque. Sinan went on a "hajj" to Mecca in 1584 and during his absence his place was taken by the royal architect Mehmed Subaşı. Sinan included the mosque in the list of his works in a draft of his autobiography ("Tuḥfetü’l-
4873095
Croat Muslims


1908 became a new Crown land of the Habsburg Monarchy. Although the (recently renamed) old Croatian territory was liberated, there were very few Croatian population left, i.e. population who actually lived in it registered as Catholics and Croats. The historical names of many officials in the Ottoman Empire reveal their origin (Hirwat = Hrvat or Horvat, which is a Croatian name for Croat): Veli Mahmud Pasha (Mahmut Pasha Hirwat), Rüstem Pasha (Rustem Pasha Hrvat – Opuković), Piyale Pasha (Pijali Pasha Hrvat),
14253449
Bayrakli Mosque, Samokov


Bayrakli Mosque (), also known as Yokush Mosque () is a historical mosque in Samokov, Bulgaria, constructed in 1845. The mosque was built by Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha, who, according to the legend, ordered to erect both a cross and a crescent on the dome of the mosque. In 1966, the mosque was extensively restored. The restoration project was carried out by architect Nikola Mushanov. The prayer hall of the mosque is rectangular (almost square) with the size of times . The women's prayer
21288824
Jazzar Pasha


Jazzar established himself in Acre in 1775, the city contained four mosques, three of which were built during Zahir's reign and one prior. Three years later, al-Jazzar had a fifth mosque built, known then as the "White Mosque" or the "Friday Mosque", but known today as the el-Jazzar Mosque. According to Philipp, it was the "largest and most beautiful" of Acre's mosques. Although al-Jazzar had no architectural background, he was the architect of the mosque and
2925649
Tophane


Tophane, built by the Ottoman Kapudan-i Derya Kılıç Ali Pasha and designed by the renowned architect Mimar Sinan, is a külliye (group of buildings) which comprises a mosque, a medrese, a hamam, a türbe, and a fountain that were constructed between 1578 and 1587. The Tophane Fountain, situated between Nusretiye Mosque and Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex, was commissioned by Mahmud I and built in 1732. During earlier times the main population of Tophane consisted of Greeks and Armenians, however from the start of the twentieth
2487368
Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha


Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha (1603 – July 1646) was a 17th-century Ottoman grand vizier. The epithet Sultanzade means son of a sultana. He was born in 1596/1603. His father, Osman Bey, was a grandson of Rüstem Pasha, while his mother, Ayşe Hanım Sultan, was a daughter of Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha. In 1637, he was appointed as the governor of Egypt. Three years later, during the reign of İbrahim, he returned to İstanbul as a vizier in the Ottoman divan. In 1641,
17238546
Nuruosmaniye Mosque


1748 and completed by his brother and successor Sultan Osman III in 1755. The architects adopted Baroque architectural elements, the mosque is also distinctive with the absence of an ablution fountain (). It was named Nuruosmaniye Mosque, meaning "The light of Osman", after Osman III, but also because of its many windows which lets a lot of light inside the mosque's hall. Nuruosmaniye Mosque is located near the entrance to the Kapalıçarşı (Grand Bazaar), Column of Constantine and the historical Gazi Atik Ali Pasha Mosque.
18530838
List of Friday mosques designed by Mimar Sinan


This is a list of the Friday mosques for which the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan claimed responsibility in his autobiographies. Of the 77 mosques in the list, 39 are in Istanbul. Mimar Sinan was appointed to the post of chief Ottoman architect by the grand vizier Ayas Mehmed Pasha in 1539. Sinan occupied the position until his death in 1588 and served under three sultans: Süleyman I (ruled 1520–66), Selim II (ruled 1566–74) and Murad III (ruled 1574–95). In his autobiography "Biographical Memoir of Construction"
16257608
Islam in Croatia


to Islam, some after being taken prisoners of war, some through the devşirme system. The westernmost border of Ottoman Empire in Europe became entrenched on Croatian soil. In 1519, Croatia was called the "Antemurale Christianitatis" by Pope Leo X. The historical names of many officials in the Ottoman Empire reveal their origin (Hirwat = Hrvat or Horvat, which is a Croatian name for Croat): Rüstem Pasha (Rustem Pasha Hrvat - Opuković), Piyale Pasha (Pijali Pasha Hrvat), Memipaša Hrvat, Tahvilpaša Kulenović Hrvat etc
19054413
Semiz Ali Pasha


Semiz Ali Pasha () was an Ottoman statesman from the Sanjak of Bosnia who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1561 to 1565. He was the beylerbey (governor) of Egypt Eyalet from 1549 to 1553. Semiz Ali Pasha was born in in Bosnia (thus his secondary epithet), and replaced Rüstem Pasha as a Grand Vizier. After palace schooling, he discharged high-level functions along the Ottoman Empire. His epithet "Semiz" means "fat" in Turkish. He was married to Ayşe Hümaşah
20190465
Rüstem Pasha


at Enderun, a free-boarding multicultural school for talented children. At the end, the graduates were able to speak, read and write at least three languages, able to understand the latest developments in science, finance and excel in army command as well as in close combat skills. That was the perfect start for a career in the military and bureaucracy. In 1526, Rüstem took part in the Battle of Mohacs as silahdar (weapon bearer in a cavalry division). Silahdars were an elite division of the Ottoman army
1287485
Rüstem Pasha


Civil War. Suleiman knew that time was running out. That was probably the most important reason he decided the fate of Mustafa. Mustafa's so-often cited correspondence with the Safavids signed "Sultan Mustafa" (kept today in archives), was, in this context, probably not so relevant. It could be authentic, it could be a Safavids' or a Hürrem-Rüstem deception, or maybe Suleiman's safeguard to calm public opinion after Mustafa's death. There are various versions of reports on Mustafa's end
1287502
Sarayönü Mosque


used for ablutions before prayer. The sarchophagus would be moved to the yard of the Haydar Pasha Mosque in 1980. The mosque was destroyed in an earthquake in January 1900. Fenton Atkinson, a British architect, drew the plans for the current mosque in the same year. Atkinson was allegedly inspired by his recollection of Andalusia. The construction of the current mosque began on 26 November 1901 and probably ended in 1903. After the intercommunal conflict known as the Bloody Christmas in 1963-64, Turkish Cypriots did not have a building
12373248
Pertev Pasha Mosque


Pertev Mehmet Paşa Mosque, also known as "Yeni Cuma Cami" meaning "New Friday Mosque" in Turkish, is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque in the town of Izmit, Turkey. The architect was Mimar Sinan. It was built for Pertev Mehmed Paşa, an Ottoman vizier during the reigns of sultan Suleyman I and Selim II. The construction was finished in 1579. The mosque is part of a larger complex (Külliye) which originally included a madrasa, hammam, caravanserai, fountain and a lower education school.
4767242