SN Brussels Airlines [SEP] airline hub
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Virgin Express


Airlines) founded by Victor Hasson and Georges Gutelman and rebranded it Virgin Express. It also took over EBA's fleet of Boeing 737s and operated this type of aircraft from thereon. The airline soon concentrated on low-budget scheduled flights out of its Brussels hub, and became a major competitor for Sabena and later SN Brussels Airlines. In October 2004, the Virgin Group sold its assets to SN Brussels Airlines, and both airlines were integrated into the parent holding company SN Airholding, chaired by Viscount Étienne Davignon. On 31 March
2561904
SN Brussels Airlines


CEO Peter Davies. On 12 April 2005 SN Brussels took holding control of Virgin Express and on 31 March 2006 they announced their merger. On 7 November 2006 they announced at a press conference held at Brussels Airport that the new airline would be called Brussels Airlines. Before merging, SN Brussels Airlines operated the following aircraft: SN Brussels Airlines had codeshare agreements with the following airlines: The airline had various color schemes before finally settling on a uniform scheme for the fleet. The upper fuselage is white, while the belly and engines
4650229
Virgin Express


N.V. Virgin Express S.A. was an airline created within the Virgin Group. It operated flights mainly to southern Europe from its hub at Brussels Airport. Ticket sales were mainly through the Internet. The airline has merged with SN Brussels Airlines to form Brussels Airlines which started operations on 25 March 2007 Virgin Express' head office was in Building 116 at Brussels Airport in Zaventem, Belgium, near Brussels. Virgin Express started on 23 April 1996, when the Virgin Group (with chairman Richard Branson) bought the Belgian leisure airline EBA (EuroBelgian
2561903
Brussels Airlines


Brussels Airlines (stylized as brussels airlines) is the flag carrier and largest airline of Belgium, based and headquartered at Brussels Airport. It operates to over 120 destinations in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia and also offers charter services, maintenance and crew training. It is a member of the Star Alliance as well as the International Air Transport Association. The airline's IATA code "SN" is inherited from its predecessors, Sabena and SN Brussels Airlines. Brussels Airlines is a subsidiary of Lufthansa. Brussels Airlines was created
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SN Brussels Airlines


SN Brussels Airlines (SNBA) was a national airline of Belgium, which mainly operated from Brussels Airport. SNBA was the trading name of the Belgian airline Delta Air Transport. SNBA was a full-service airline, connecting Brussels with the rest of Europe. It also flew to Africa, continuing Sabena's extensive network there. The airline merged with Virgin Express into Brussels Airlines which started operations on 25 March 2007 The airline had its head office in Airport Building 117 in Brussels Airport, Zaventem, near Brussels. The airline was
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SN Brussels Airlines


founded in 2002, when a group of Belgian investors (companies, financial institutions and regional investment companies, as well as the Brussels and Walloon governments) set up SN Airholding, headed by Étienne Davignon. After the 2001 collapse of Sabena, Belgium's flag carrier airline, Belgium was left without a national airline. In February 2002, SN Airholding took over the Belgian airline DAT, a subsidiary of Sabena, and changed its trading name to SN Brussels Airlines. In 2002, a strategic reorganization started, led by the former
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Brussels Airlines


following the merger of SN Brussels Airlines (SNBA) and Virgin Express, the former subsequently created after the bankruptcy of Belgium's legacy national carrier Sabena. On 12 April 2005, SN Airholding, the company behind SNBA, signed an agreement with Richard Branson, giving it control over Virgin Express. On 31 March 2006 SNBA and Virgin Express announced their merger into a single company. On 7 November 2006, the new name, Brussels Airlines, was announced at a press conference at Brussels Airport. Brussels Airlines began operations on 25
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Brussels Airlines


Brussels Airlines is the operating name of Brussels Airlines SA/NV (previously Delta Air Transport SA/NV) which has its registered office in , Brussels. Brussels Airlines is almost 100% owned by SN Airholding SA/NV (1,811,308 shares out of 1,811,309), a Belgian holding company. Lufthansa owns 100% of SN Airholding SA/NV, having taken control of the remaining shares it did not own effective January 2017. Christina Foerster is the CEO since 1 April 2018. The Executive Committee consists of Christina Foerster (
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Brussels Airlines


the airline would exercise the option to acquire the remaining 55% of Brussels Airlines' parent company SN Airholding. The modalities would be defined before the end of the year in order to conclude the transaction at the beginning of 2017. . In March 2017, Thomas Cook announced its intention to sell its Belgian flight operations. Brussels Airlines' parent company. Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium was shut down by November 2017 with two aircraft and all traffic rights being integrated by Brussels Airlines.. Brussels Airlines took over the 160 Thomas Cook Airlines crew
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Lufthansa


. In September 2008, Lufthansa Group announced its intent to purchase a stake in Brussels Airlines (SN). In June 2009, the EU Commission granted regulatory approval and Lufthansa acquired 45% of SN. In September 2016, Lufthansa announced it would purchase the remainder of Brussels Airlines for €2.6 million euros. The transaction was completed in early January 2017. The decision was partially taken after the Brussels airport bombings of March 2016, which caused SN to lose almost €5 million euros per day until the 3rd of April.
11907839
Sabena


. Flight 690 from Abidjan, Ivory Coast, to Brussels via Cotonou, Benin, was the last Sabena flight to land in Brussels. An Airbus A340-300 registered as OO-SCZ operated the flight. A group of investors managed to take over Delta Air Transport, one of Sabena's subsidiaries, and transformed it into SN Brussels Airlines. That airline merged with Virgin Express in 2006 to form a new company, Brussels Airlines. The Belgian Parliament formed a committee to investigate the reasons behind the bankruptcy of Sabena and the
2590413
Sabena


The Societé Anonyme Belge d'Exploitation de la Navigation Aérienne (French; "Belgian Corporation for Air Navigation Services"), better known internationally by the acronym Sabena or SABENA, was the national airline of Belgium from 1923 to 2001, with its base at Brussels National Airport. After its bankruptcy in 2001, the newly formed SN Brussels Airlines took over part of Sabena's assets in February 2002, which became Brussels Airlines after a merger with Virgin Express in March 2007. The airline's corporate headquarters were located in the Sabena House on
2590388
Richard Branson


promotion of the firm, Branson has added a variation of the Virgin Galactic livery to his personal business jet, the Dassault Falcon 900EX "Galactic Girl" (G-GALX). He was ninth in "The Sunday Times" Rich List 2006 of the wealthiest people or families in the UK, worth slightly more than £3 billion. Branson wrote in his autobiography of the decision to start an airline. In 2006, the airline was merged with SN Brussels Airlines forming Brussels Airlines. It also started a national airline based
10185002
Virgin Express


2008, SN Brussels Airlines and Virgin Express announced their merger into a single company, named Brussels Airlines. The combined airline added long haul destinations and strengthened its position in Africa. The Virgin Express fleet consisted of the following aircraft (as of August 2006): Three Boeing 737-300 (OO-VEX, OO-VEG and OO-VEH) were fitted with winglets (March 2007). The airline operated a maximum of 26 737 at its peak, and was given the first Joint Aviation Authorities air operator's
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Philippe Vander Putten


1998 he worked for Kraft and Kraft Jacobs Suchard, where he became vice-president for Europe. In 1994 he was elected "Marketeer of the Year". On 1 September 1998, he became the CEO of Proximus, where he succeeded Jan Neels. He then became the CEO of Brussels Airlines, resulting of the merger between SN Brussels Airlines and Virgin Express. He resigned in 2008 as CEO of Brussels Airlines. After that he worked for smaller companies, such as Cleverphone (temporary phone numbers) and Distec (distributor
11585879
Delta Air Transport


maintain the successful European network. Freddy Van Gaever, its former CEO, planned to merge DAT with Virgin Express and add flights to the United States using former Sabena aircraft, which was why the new DAT Plus branding was adopted. Actually, DAT came under the umbrella of SN Airholding (the liquidator of Sabena) in 2002, and was re-organized under a new AOC as SN Brussels Airlines, which later became Brussels Airlines, today's flag carrier of the country. In its early years, Delta Air Transport offered
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Brussels Airport


, its head office was in the Sabena House on the grounds of Brussels Airport. When it existed, Virgin Express had its head office in Building 116 in Zaventem. SN Brussels, which formed in 2002, had its head office in Airport Building 117 in Zaventem when it existed. Prior to its disestablishment, Sobelair had its head office in Building 45 in Zaventem. CityBird was based in building 117D. The cargo airline Cargo B Airlines had its head office in the Brucarco Building 706 in Zaventem. The following airlines operate regular scheduled
20770065
Cameroon Airlines


dangerous materials, navigation documentation and tire maintenance. In an effort to save the airline from bankruptcy, the Government of Cameroon signed an agreement with SN Airholding, the parent company of Brussels Airlines to ensure the future funding. The plans did not materialize, though. Instead, on 11 September 2006, the launch of Camair-Co as new national airline was announced. Cameroon Airlines stayed operational until March 2008, though flight operations had only taken place during irregular intervals over these last years. At that time, the Cameroon Airlines
6155266
Diegem


premises. Its postal code is 1831. Brussels Airlines has its corporate head office in the b.house on the grounds of Brussels Airport and in Diegem. Brussels Airlines formed in 2006 as a result of a merger between SN Brussels and Virgin Express. The Europe, Middle East, and Africa operations of Chevron Phillips are based in Stockholm Building in Airport Plaza in Diegem. Primary schools in Diegem include Gemeentelijke Basisschool De Fonkel and Parochiale Basisschool. GISO Machelen provides secondary education to Diegem residents. Bibliotheek Machelen-Diegem is the public library of
7339292
Lufthansa


, Lufthansa Cargo was forced to relocate a hub from Kazakhstan to Russia. On August 28, 2008, Lufthansa and Brussels Airlines announced that they were negotiating joining together. Lufthansa acquired a 45% stake in Brussels Airlines in 2009. It has an option to acquire the remaining 55% by 2017. As a part of the deal Brussels Airlines joined Star Alliance in December 2009. On October 28, 2008, Lufthansa exercised its option to purchase a further 60% share in BMI (in addition to the 20% Lufthansa already
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SN Brussels Airlines


were painted lilac. An orange cheat line runs between the white and lilac parts of the fuselage. The tail shows the old Sabena "S". The website address is near the end of the fuselage. There are differences in livery between the Avro planes and the Airbus planes: most notably, the company name is written on the white part of the fuselage for the Airbus planes, but on the lilac part on the Avro. Both this livery and the Virgin Express livery were replaced with the Brussels Airlines livery. br
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Sobelair


which were dropped again in February 2002. After having been acquired by a group of investors in June 2002, which led to the launch of scheduled flights on the Brussels-Johannesburg route, Sobelair was passed on to SN Brussels Airlines in early 2003, for which it operated charter flights henceforth. This did not lead to an improvement of the financial situation, so that Sobelair had to declare bankruptcy in early January 2004. TUI Travel placed an offer for taking over Sobelair's aircraft in order to create a Belgian airline subsidiary,
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Singapore Airlines Cargo


, whose belly hold cargo space SIA Cargo markets. Sharjah, Amsterdam, and (to a lesser extent) Brussels are hubs for the Middle Eastern and European regions respectively. Additionally, as SIA Cargo manages the cargo holds of all Singapore Airlines passenger aircraft, the company offers cargo product services to all destinations on the Singapore Airlines passenger network. Singapore Airlines Cargo codeshares with the following airlines: As of 30 April 2018, the Singapore Airlines Cargo fleet consists of the following aircraft: In 1992 SIA Cargo bought a Boeing 737-
14349724
Roswell International Air Center


service with major airlines to provide nonstop regional jet flights to a major hub. American Eagle, the feeder carrier for American Airlines responded and began service on Sep. 5, 2007 with two daily flights to Dallas/Ft. Worth on 50-seat Embraer 145s. The service did so well that a third flight was added only seven months later. Mesa Airlines then ended all of their Roswell service on the last day of 2007 which left no flights to Albuquerque. At the request of Roswell city officials, American Eagle began a westbound flight
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Women in aviation


by a woman. In 1991, a passenger on SN Brussels Airlines refused to fly on a plane piloted by Barbara Collinet. In 2011, an IndiGo Airlines flight was delayed nearly 2 hours because a passenger "caused a ruckus over the fact that the plane's pilot was a woman". Biases toward women's traditional roles with men in the cockpit and women serving beverages and blankets have become ingrained, forcing women who want to fly to struggle with the attitudes of both co-workers and society. In 2016, seven
7853386
List of Singapore Airlines destinations


Singapore Airlines flies to 62 international destinations (including seasonal destinations) in 32 countries on five continents (as of May 2019) from its primary hub in Singapore. India and Australia are served by highest number of destinations with 6 each. After the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, Singapore Airlines discontinued flying to Kagoshima, Berlin, Darwin, Cairns, Hangzhou and Sendai. Toronto was discontinued in 1994. During the SARS outbreak in 2003/04, Singapore Airlines discontinued flying to Brussels, Las Vegas, Chicago, Hiroshima, Kaohsiung, Mauritius
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Singapore Airlines


continents from its primary hub in Singapore. It has a strong presence in the Southeast Asian region, which together with its subsidiary SilkAir, connects Singapore with more international destinations in the region than any other Southeast Asian airline. After the Asian financial crisis in 1997, Singapore Airlines discontinued its routes to Kagoshima, Berlin, Darwin, Cairns, Hangzhou, and Sendai. Toronto was discontinued in 1994. During the SARS outbreak in 2003–04, Singapore Airlines ceased flights to Brussels, Las Vegas, Chicago, Hiroshima, Kaohsiung, Mauritius,
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Brussels Airlines


inch screens, supplied by the IMS-Company and known as "RAVE". Brussels Airlines uses Miles & More, Lufthansa's frequent flyer programme. Miles can be earned on flights operated by airlines which are part of the programme, in addition to flights operated by Star Alliance airlines. Miles can also be earned with Brussels Airlines' non-airline partners. Brussels Airlines customers have been able to earn Miles & More benefits since 25 October 2009, when Brussels Airlines' previous frequent flyer programme, Privilege, ended. There
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Brussels Airlines


, Brussels Airlines announced that the European Commission had granted approval for Lufthansa to take a minority share in Brussels Airlines. As a result of this clearance by the EU, Brussels Airlines was able to join Star Alliance. Lufthansa purchased 45% of the company in 2009, and acquired the remainder in January 2017. Since 25 October 2009, Brussels Airlines has been a member of Lufthansa's frequent flyer programme Miles & More. On 9 December 2009, Brussels Airlines became the 26th Star Alliance member during a ceremony at Brussels Town Hall
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Tbilisi


Soviet Union. The airport has been rapidly growing over the past decade, handling more than 3.56 million passengers in 11 months of 2018. It is a hub for the National carrier Georgian Airways and a Georgian-Chinese start-up Myway Airlines. As of December 2018, various airlines serve routes to major European and Asian hubs, such as: London, Munich, Berlin, Amsterdam, Dubai, Brussels, Vienna, Paris, Doha etc. Tbilisi International Airport in 2016 started to utilize solar energy and became the first "
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Brussels Airlines


. On 15 December 2009, Brussels Airlines announced it was working on a new regional airline in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The name of the airline was "Korongo". The main base of the airline was at Lubumbashi in Congo. The airline was launched in April 2012 and shut down in 2015. Brussels Airlines cancelled the airDC project, due to disagreements with Hewa Bora. On 5 July 2010, a fifth Airbus A330-300 entered into service. Brussels Airlines increased its frequency to Abidjan (up to 6
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Brussels Airlines


weekly) and added Accra, Cotonou, Ouagadougou, and Lomé as new destinations. On 11 August 2010, Brussels Airlines and tour operator Club Med announced a new cooperation. As from April 2011, Brussels Airlines will transport 80% of all Club Med passengers out of Brussels, both on existing regular Brussels Airlines routes as on new charter routes operated by Brussels Airlines. Brussels Airlines also announced that it will lease 2 Airbus A320 aircraft from January 2011. On 26 August 2010, the company announced its new maintenance project. The
4902373
CHC Airways


CHC Airways is an airline based in Hoofddorp, Netherlands. It operates a fleet of six aircraft and helicopters on behalf of leading airlines and international oil companies. Its main bases are Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and Den Helder Airport, with hubs at Brussels Airport and Rotterdam The Hague Airport. The airline was established in 1945 as Schreiner Airways. It was part of the Schreiner Aviation Group which was purchased by the CHC Helicopter Corporation in 2005 and Schreiner Airways became CHC Airways. The CHC Airways fleet includes the following aircraft (at June 2018
14894640
Ryanair


it looks to attract more business passengers. For Summer 2014, the airline opened bases in Athens, Lisbon and the primary airports of Brussels and Rome for the first time. Ryanair flies in a point to point model rather than the more traditional airline hub and spoke model where the passengers have to change aircraft in transit at a major airport, usually being able to reach more destinations this way. In April 2017 Ryanair added more indirect flights to its portfolio, starting with a new transfer hub in Rome-Fiumicino airport (FCO
18516529
Airline hub


airline. However, as an airline expands operations at its primary hub to the point that it experiences capacity limitations, it may elect to open secondary hubs. Examples of such hubs are Turkish Airlines' Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen hub, British Airways' hub at London-Gatwick, Air India's hub at Mumbai and Lufthansa's hub at Munich. By operating multiple hubs, airlines can expand their geographic reach. They can also better serve spoke–spoke markets, providing more itineraries with connections at different hubs. A given hub
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Brussels Airlines


CEO & CCO), Edi Wolfensberger (COO) and Dieter Vranckx (CFO). Limited information appears to be published. However, accounts for all Belgian companies must be filed with the National Bank of Belgium. Information available since 2007 (the first year of operations as Brussels Airlines) appears to be as follows (for years ending 31 December): Brussels Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines: , Brussels Airlines operates an all-Airbus fleet, composed of the following registered aircraft: Brussels Airlines fleet Apart from
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Jet Airways


2005. Since 2007, Jet Airways has had a scissors hub at Brussels Airport for onward transatlantic connections to North America, which was replaced by Amsterdam Schiphol Airport from 27 March 2016. In 2008, the airline was forced to discontinue international routes because these attracted losses due to global economic downturn; it terminated services to San Francisco and Shanghai. The airline planned to restore the Mumbai–Shanghai route by the end of 2011 but never did so. In 2012, the airline withdrew flights to New York and closed the Delhi–
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Air Nostrum


Air Nostrum, legally incorporated as "Air Nostrum, Líneas Aéreas del Mediterráneo, S.A.", is a Spanish regional airline based in Valencia. It currently operates as a franchisee of Iberia as Iberia Regional and an affiliate member of the Oneworld airline alliance. Air Nostrum operates 91 domestic and international routes to 51 destinations, and charter flights. Its main base is Valencia Airport, with hubs at Barcelona Airport and Madrid-Barajas Airport. Limited operations are also carried out on behalf of Brussels Airlines, replacing related wet-lease specialist
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Airline hub


Airline hubs or hub airports are used by one or more airlines to concentrate passenger traffic and flight operations at a given airport. They serve as transfer (or stop-over) points to get passengers to their final destination. It is part of the hub-and-spoke system. An airline operates flights from several non-hub (spoke) cities to the hub airport, and passengers traveling between spoke cities need to connect through the hub. This paradigm creates economies of scale that allow an airline to serve (via
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Transport hub


airports function as intra-modular hubs for the airlines, or airline hubs. This is a common strategy among network airlines who fly only from limited number of airports and usually will make their customers change planes at one of their hubs if they want to get between two cities the airline doesn't fly directly between. Airlines have extended the hub-and-spoke model in various ways. One method is to create additional hubs on a regional basis, and to create major routes between the hubs. This reduces the need to
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Brussels Airlines


its own fleet, as of May 2019, Brussels Airlines is also wet leasing four Bombardier CRJ900s operated by CityJet. Brussels Airlines previously operated six British Aerospace 146s which were withdrawn in 2008. During 2010, two Airbus A319-100s joined Brussels Airlines' fleet. The first Airbus A320-200 joined the fleet in February 2011 and made its first commercial flight on 23 April 2011. With improving financial performance, rising cash reserves and a desire to reduce costs more rapidly, Brussels Airlines accelerated its fleet replacement plan by ordering 12
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Brussels Airlines


contract with Sabena Technics for the A330 and Boeing 737 ended on 1 January 2011 and Brussels Airlines will then do the maintenance on the planes. To be able to do this, the move from Building 117 to Hangar 41 was necessary. Also, 73 people from Sabena Technics joined the Brussels Airlines maintenance staff. On 1 June 2012 Brussels Airlines inaugurated the route to New York JFK, operating daily with an Airbus A330-300 fitted with the new interior. This is the first Belgian airline in 10 years to fly to New
4902374
VLM Airlines


Belgium aircraft, and the remaining 40 employees, and integrate them into the reestablished VLM Airlines. The 'new' airline's first flight was "TCW7011" from Brussels to Eskisehir Airport and returning to Brussels as TCW7012 on 11 November 2017. The two Airbus A320 aircraft (OO-TCT and OO-TCX) have been re-registered to VLM Airlines. In February 2018, a Dutch investor, SF Aviation Management B.V., took over the former Thomas Cook Airlines Belgium activities and aircraft that were renamed VLM Airlines (Brussels
18119411
Ural Airlines


main hubs of Ural Airlines are Moscow-Domodedovo and Yekaterinburg. In plans of Ural Airlines is to increase its number of hubs, by developing hubs at Moscow-Sheremetyevo and Moscow-Zhukovsky. A million passengers per year was first achieved in 2006. Since then, the airline and its passenger numbers have both grown. In 2013, the airline transported 4.419 million passengers, the sixth most in Russia that year. Passengers transported from 2007-2016: Ural Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines: As of October 2018
21136712
Western Pacific Airlines


whereas Stapleton had once been a hub for airlines like the original Frontier Airlines (1950-1986) and Western Airlines. Effort was made to explore using a secondary airport as an airline's hub, taking Continental's place without incurring the high landing fees of Denver International Airport. Centennial Airport in Denver, Jeffco Airport in Broomfield and Colorado Springs Airport were considered, though Colorado Springs had been chosen as the hub for Western Pacific when the airline began. While Western Pacific's Colorado Springs hub had initially been successful and was beginning
8353031
Sichuan Airlines


Sichuan Airlines Co., Ltd. Group became the major shareholder (40%). The other shareholders are China Southern Airlines (39%), China Eastern Airlines (10%), Air China Group (10%) and Chengdu Gingko Restaurant Co. (1%). Sichuan Airlines' corporate headquarters is located in its hub Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport in Chengdu, Sichuan and its secondary hubs are at Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport and Kunming Changshui International Airport. Sichuan Airlines owns Chengdu Airlines as its subsidiary, which also has its hub
20104171
Airline hub


the airline. Other airlines that use this system include UPS Airlines, TNT Airways, Cargolux and DHL Aviation, which operate their primary hubs at Louisville, Liège, Luxembourg and Leipzig respectively. Although the term "focus city" is used to mainly refer to an airport from which an airline operates limited point-to-point routes, its usage has loosely expanded to refer to a small-scale hub as well. For example, JetBlue's New York–JFK focus city runs like a hub, although in reality it
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Airline hub


passengers. However, with the term's expanded usage, a focus city may also function as a small-scale or total hub. Allegiant Air, JetBlue and Southwest Airlines are examples of US-based airlines that consider some of their focus cities run like a hub. The hub-and-spoke system allows an airline to serve fewer routes, so fewer aircraft are needed. The system also increases passenger loads; a flight from a hub to a spoke carries not just passengers originating at the hub, but also passengers
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Brussels Airlines


2018 the airline introduced an additional aircraft themed to The Smurfs.. In spring 2019 an additional aircraft was dedicated to the famous Flemish painter Bruegel. On European flights, the airline offers four types of tickets: On medium-haul and long-haul flights (to Africa and North America), Brussels Airlines offers economy light, regular economy, economy privilege and business classes. Brussels Airlines has two inflight magazines. For the European network there is "b-there!" which is a monthly magazine. On the African network
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China Southwest Airlines


China Southwest Airlines (CSWA, ) was an airline with its head office on the property of Shuangliu Airport in Shuangliu County, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. On 28 October 2002, China Southwest Airlines was merged into Air China. China Southwest Airlines' main hub was at Chengdu Shuangliu, Sichuan Province and its secondary hub was in Chongqing. It was the only airline flying to Lhasa until 2002. Although most routes from its hubs Chengdu and Chongqing were domestic, it also flew to Bangkok, Chiangmai,
5332360
Research Triangle


, Paris and London. In 1996, American Airlines ceased its hub operations at RDU due to Pan Am and Eastern Airlines. Pan Am and Eastern were Miami's main tenants until 1991, when both carriers went bankrupt. Their hubs at MIA were taken over by United Airlines and American Airlines. This created a difficulty in competing with US Airways' hub in Charlotte and Delta Air Lines' hub in Atlanta, Georgia for passengers traveling between smaller cities in the North and South. Midway Airlines entered the market, starting service in
19271873
Eurowings


transferred to other network airlines- Lufthansa, Brussels Airlines, Austrian Airlines, and Swiss. It was also announced that the Lufthansa Group would scrap their plans of completely integrating Brussels Airlines into Eurowings by 2020, which was reported earlier in 2019. Instead, Brussels Airlines will work more closely with its network partners under a turnaround plan introduced by Lufthansa. These actions will contribute to a cost reduction of 15% by 2022 by tempering annual capacity growth to just one percent as part of a major overhaul. The Eurowings Group, which now
17753885
Virtual airline (hobby)


can see their accomplishments and an overall roster displays an individuals performance among others in the group. When a virtual airline grows to a point where managing their operations becomes difficult, the airline might subdivide into smaller groups, called a hub. The concept is similar to pilot bases in real-world airlines where pilots are grouped together at a major airport to start and end a series of flights, under the direction of a hub manager. Virtual airlines based on airlines that really exist commonly provide hubs associated with what would be expected
12386333
Denver International Airport


Frontier Airlines and United Airlines, and is a main operating base for Southwest Airlines. These three airlines' combined operations made up about 85% of the total passenger traffic at DIA . Denver has traditionally been home to one of the busier airports in the nation because of its location. Many airlines including United Airlines, Western Airlines, former Frontier Airlines and People Express were hubbed at the old Stapleton International Airport. At times, Stapleton was a hub for three or four airlines. The main reasons that justified the construction of the
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Airline hub


make connections en route to their final destination, which increases travel time. Additionally, airlines can come to monopolise their hubs (fortress hubs), allowing them to freely increase fares as passengers have no alternative. Airlines may operate banks of flights at their hubs, in which several flights arrive and depart within short periods of time. The banks may be known as "peaks" of activity at the hubs and the non-banks as "valleys". Banking allows for short connection times for passengers. However, an airline
15530808
Alaska Airlines


many flights linking small towns to major transportation hubs and carries more passengers between Alaska and the contiguous United States than any other airline. The airline operates its largest hub at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, and it also operates hubs in Anchorage, Los Angeles, Portland, San Francisco and focus cities at San Diego and San Jose. As of 2018, the airline employs over 21,000 people and been ranked by J. D. Power and Associates as having the highest customer satisfaction of the traditional airlines for eleven consecutive years. Through the airline
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Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport


Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport is the major international airport serving Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, China. Located about southwest of downtown Chengdu to the north of Shuangliu District, Shuangliu airport is an important aviation hub for Western China. Shuangliu Airport is one of the two core hubs for Air China, together with Beijing, as well as the main hub and headquarters for Sichuan Airlines and Chengdu Airlines. China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines, Lucky Air and Tibet Airlines also have bases at Shuangliu Airport. Chengdu
4209276
America West Express


Mesa Airlines to operate America West Airlines' regional and commuter services as America West Express. In the mid-1990s, with the opening of the America West Airlines hub at Port Columbus International Airport in Columbus, Ohio, America West Airlines used Chautauqua Airlines to provide Embraer ERJ-145 regional jet service to feed the hub. When the Columbus hub was shut down, the Chautauqua Airlines code share was discontinued, leaving Mesa as the sole operator of AW Express services. In 2003, America West greatly increased the size of their express operation by starting
484199
Mesa Air Group


two jets from a Phoenix hub to Des Moines and Spokane as America West Express. As Mesa acquired air carriers or expanded by creating new airlines, it grew in a seemingly haphazard manner. From 1989 through 1995, Mesa had grown from one airline with hubs in Albuquerque, Denver, and Phoenix to six separate airlines with hubs throughout the country, though it had as many as eight airlines prior to 1995. Rather than integrating each new acquisition and airline into one integrated company, Mesa continued operating each individual airline independently, with
9262120
Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport


Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport , also known as Port Bouët Airport, is located south east of Abidjan, Ivory Coast. It is the largest airport in the country for air traffic. The airport is the main hub of the national airline Air Côte d'Ivoire. Named after the first president of Ivory Coast, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, this international airport is connected to Europe — primarily via Air France, which offers fourteen weekly flights and A380 service, and also Brussels Airlines — and to the rest of Africa and the
9502100
AmericanConnection


AmericanConnection was an American flight connection service brand name for the spoke-hub of U.S. mainline carrier American Airlines, under which regional airline operator Chautauqua Airlines operated feeder flights for American Airlines at its Chicago hub. American Airlines also uses affiliated companies (corporations under common ownership) operating under the American Eagle brand to provide regional service to its other hubs in addition to the AmericanConnection service that was operated by Chautauqua Airlines. On April 6, 2010, American moved all existing AmericanConnection operations to Chicago-O'Hare as part of its restructuring plan
3687656
Aegean Airlines


until full integration. Since 2005, the airline has been in partnership with Lufthansa, offering participation in the Miles & More programme, and its flights, in addition to its A3 code also have the Lufthansa LH code. In March 2006, Aegean Airlines also entered into a co-operation agreement with TAP Air Portugal. In December 2008, Aegean Airlines announced its co-operation with Brussels Airlines. In 2009, Aegean Airlines started codeshare agreements with BMI, Brussels Airlines, Lufthansa and TAP Air Portugal. On 26 May 2009
6274529
San Diego International Airport


, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. San Diego is the largest metropolitan area in the United States that is not an airline hub or secondary hub; however, San Diego is a focus city for Alaska Airlines and Southwest Airlines. The top five carriers in San Diego during 2017 were Southwest Airlines (34.7%), American Airlines (12.6%), United Airlines (11.9%), Delta Air Lines (10.3%), and Alaska Airlines (8.7%). San Diego International is the busiest single runway airport
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Hawaiian Airlines


Hawaiian Airlines () is the flag carrier and the largest airline in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is the tenth-largest commercial airline in the US, and is based in Honolulu, Hawaii. The airline operates its main hub at Daniel K. Inouye International Airport on the island of Oʻahu and a secondary hub out of Kahului Airport on the island of Maui. Hawaiian Airlines operates flights to Asia, American Samoa, Australia, French Polynesia, Hawaii, New Zealand, and the United States mainland. Hawaiian Airlines is owned
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Flybmi


the airline completed an entire network review which resulted in numerous route and base closures along with the introduction of a number of new routes during 2012 and 2013. Flybmi operated scheduled services to 23 scheduled destinations throughout continental Europe including Scandinavia and also United Kingdom. Commencing 30 March 2014, the start of the IATA Northern Summer Season 2014, the airline operated a scheduled service on behalf of Brussels Airlines between Brussels and Bristol. Previously, Flybmi also operated a scheduled service on behalf of Brussels Airlines between Brussels and Newcastle. At the time
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George Bush Intercontinental Airport


In 2017, the airport served 40,696,189 passengers, making it the 48th busiest airport in the world, and the 15th busiest airport in the United States. IAH covers 10,000 acres (40.5 km.) of land and has five runways. Houston Intercontinental is the second largest passenger hub for United Airlines. The airport also serves as a focus city for Spirit Airlines. Under operations as United Express, ExpressJet, Mesa Airlines, Republic Airline, and SkyWest Airlines operate hub operations from IAH. It served as a hub for Houston-
17336158
AirTran Airways


Airways headquarters in Orlando on January 28, 1998, while the ValuJet Atlanta hub remained the hub for the combined AirTran Airways/Airlines operation. In April 1998, AirTran Holdings transferred all of AirTran Airlines fleet and operations to AirTran Airways and the FAA certificate for AirTran Airlines was canceled, AirTran Airways now became the only airline operator for AirTran Holdings and AirTran Airlines became an inactive subsidiary of AirTran Holdings. In August 1999, AirTran Airlines was merged into AirTran Airways. AirTran Airways became the surviving airline and AirTran Airlines became the non
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Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport


Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport (formerly Shenzhen Huangtian Airport) is the airport serving the city of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. It is located on the east bank of the Pearl River near Huangtian and Fuyong villages in Bao'an District, and is northwest of the city center. It is a hub for Shenzhen Airlines and Shenzhen Donghai Airlines and for cargo airline SF Airlines, and a focus city for China Southern Airlines and Hainan Airlines. The airport also serves as an Asian-Pacific cargo hub for UPS Airlines. The airport is
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Midway Airlines (1993–2003)


Ft. Worth and Denver. Due to competition and limited gate space, Midway moved to Durham, North Carolina, and set up a hub at Raleigh-Durham International Airport (RDU) in 1995. (Midway eventually moved its headquarters to Morrisville, North Carolina.) Midway's arrival at RDU coincided with the closure of an American Airlines hub, as they focused their assets in MIA after taking over the former Eastern Airlines hub. For several years Midway partnered with American Airlines and offered American Airlines AAdvantage miles in the RDU
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Cargo B Airlines


Cargo B Airlines was a cargo airline with its head office in the Brucargo Building 706 in Zaventem, Belgium. The airline was founded by Rob Kuijpers, former CEO of Brussels Airlines and DHL. It started operations in October 2007. In July 2009 the company announced its move from Brussels airport to Liège airport, more flexible with its 24/7 opening hours. The airline ceased operations in July 2009 after failing to receive tenders. On July 1st 2009, Cargo B went bankrupt and terminated all operation until further notice. Cargo B Airlines
5705476
Regional airline


. Over time these regional aircraft grew in size as airline hubs expanded and competition dwindled among the major carriers. Below is a list of many of the regional brands that evolved when regional airlines were advertised to look like the major airlines. The following is a list of former regional marketing brands operated by lesser known airlines, serving airline hub regional routes on behalf of mainline, legacy, major, or large discount carriers in the United States: The following is a list of former marketing brands operated by smaller airlines, but using
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London European Airways


companies although Ryanair flights from Ireland would inter-line with the LEA services from Luton. The airline was re-launched in April 1987 using a leased twin-engined BAC One-Eleven 500 jet airliner, with services to Amsterdam and Brussels starting on 22 May 1987. In January 1988 the airline was renamed Ryanair Europe. In January 1989 the airline ended its scheduled service to Brussels and started to concentrate on being a charter airline for Ryanair. By 1991 the airline had reverted to the London European name and was operating five
19884061
Brussels Airlines


March 2007. Some time between this time period, the airline was forced to change its 13-dot logo to a 14-dot logo due to superstitious passengers complaining about the logo. On 15 September 2008, it was announced that Lufthansa would acquire a 45% stake in Brussels Airlines with an option to acquire the remaining 55% from 2011. As a part of this deal, Brussels Airlines would join Star Alliance. From 26 October 2008, the ICAO code was changed from "DAT" to "BEL". On 15 June 2009
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Airline hub


is still deemed as a focus city. A fortress hub exists when an airline controls a significant majority of the market at one of its hubs. Competition is particularly difficult at fortress hubs. Examples include Delta hubs at Atlanta, Salt Lake City, Detroit, and Minneapolis–Saint Paul; American Airlines hubs at Charlotte, Dallas–Fort Worth, Washington-National, and Philadelphia; and United hubs at Denver, San Francisco, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, and Washington–Dulles. Flag carriers have historically enjoyed similar dominance
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Express One International


several Douglas DC-9s from hubs in Austin, Texas, Indianapolis, Indiana, Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Brussels, Belgium when in 2000 it was purchased by Orchard Capital. Express One also leased two Boeing 727-200 jetliners in passenger configuration to a new start-up air carrier, Western Pacific Airlines. According to the April 2, 1995 edition of the Official Airline Guide (OAG), Express One International was operating scheduled passenger service round trip between Las Vegas (LAS) and Minneapolis/St. Paul (
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Texas


It ranks as the largest airline in the United States by number of passengers carried domestically per year and the largest airline in the world by number of passengers carried.Southwest Airlines, headquartered in Dallas, has its operations at Dallas Love Field. Texas's second-largest air facility is Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH). It served as the largest hub for the former Continental Airlines, which was based in Houston; it serves as the largest hub for United Airlines, the world's third-largest airline,
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Conquest Airlines


Connect). The airline expanded throughout the Southeastern United States and in 1993 opened a hub in Birmingham, Alabama. From Birmingham, the company offered flights to Little Rock (AR), Mobile (AL), Atlanta (GA), Greenville (SC) and Charleston (SC). The airline connected both hubs with service via an Austin-Tyler-Little Rock-Birmingham route. In 1993 the airline had 16 aircraft and 300 employees. Afterwards the airline's business declined. During a point in which the airline
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Airliner


airline hubs and major cities. A smaller, more common class of airliners is the narrow-body or single-aisle. These are generally used for short to medium-distance flights with fewer passengers than their wide-body counterparts. Regional airliners typically seat fewer than 100 passengers and may be powered by turbofans or turboprops. These airliners are the non-mainline counterparts to the larger aircraft operated by the major carriers, legacy carriers, and flag carriers, and are used to feed traffic into the large airline hubs. These
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Continental Airlines


and Houston. Continental also began developing its Midwest hub at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport in 1986, just as United Airlines began to transfer its Cleveland hub operations to Washington Dulles International Airport in Fairfax County, Virginia. In October 1986, American Airlines senior vice president Thomas G. Plaskett became the president and CEO of Continental Airlines. On February 1, 1987, People Express, Frontier, New York Air, and several commuter carriers were merged into Continental Airlines to create the third-largest U.S. airline (and sixth largest airline in the
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Vision Airlines


discontinued and Vision currently does not operate any scheduled passenger service as an independent airline. Vision Airlines began operating flights with three Boeing 737-400 jetliners for the new People Express Airlines ("PEOPLExpress") on June 30, 2014 from the start-up airline's hub at Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport (PHF). The original People Express Airlines operated a hub at Newark International Airport (EWR) from 1981 to 1987 before being merged into Continental Airlines. However, according to a USA Today news article dated September
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Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport


peak, CVG became Delta's second largest hub, handling over 670 flights daily in 2005. It was the fourth largest hub in the world for a single airline, based on departures, ranking only behind Atlanta, Chicago-O'Hare, and Dallas/Fort Worth. The hub served everything from the 64 mile CVG-DAY, to a daily nonstop to Honolulu and Anchorage, to numerous transatlantic destinations including Amsterdam, Brussels, Frankfurt, London, Munich, Paris, Rome, and Zürich. Delta was also planning on launching
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LATAM Chile


LATAM Airlines, formerly LAN Airlines S.A. and Lan Chile, is an airline based in Santiago, Chile, and is one of the founders of LATAM Airlines Group, Latin America's largest airline holding company. The main hub is Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport (Santiago), with secondary hubs in El Dorado (Bogotá), Jorge Chávez (Lima), José Joaquín de Olmedo (Guayaquil), Jorge Newbery (Buenos Aires) and Mariscal Sucre (Quito) airports. LAN Airlines was the flag carrier of Chile until
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Brussels Airport


cost airlines including Ryanair and Wizz Air fly to Brussels-South Charleroi Airport, away from Brussels. In autumn 2013, low-cost carrier Pegasus Airlines announced it would end its flights between Brussels Airport and Turkey. The service between Brussels and Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen would relocate to Brussels-South Charleroi Airport. However, Turkish Airlines announced on 26 November 2013 it would offer one daily flight on the same route, starting one month after Pegasus terminated its operations at the airport. One day later, Ryanair announced the opening of
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Airline hub


connection times are longer at a rolling hub. American Airlines was the first to depeak its hubs, trying to improve profitability following the September 11 attacks. It rebanked its hubs in 2015, however, feeling the gain in connecting passengers would outweigh the rise in costs. The hub-and-spoke system is also used by some cargo airlines. FedEx Express established its main hub in Memphis in 1973, prior to the deregulation of the air cargo industry in the United States. The system has created an efficient delivery system for
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Alcazar (airline)


's hub at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport would become the main hub for flights to South America, while Austrian's hub at Vienna International Airport would become the main hub for flights to Eastern Europe. The airlines operated three different long-haul aircraft: SAS used Boeing 767s, Swissair McDonnell Douglas MD-11s, while KLM operated Boeing 747 aircraft. Other non-conformities between the airlines included SAS using Amadeus and KLM using Galileo as their computer reservations system. To resolve issues with the labour unions, the airlines decided to organize the company with
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Georges Jacobs


of UCB since 1987 until the end of 2004. Since January 2005 he is Chairman of the Board of Directors of UCB Group and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Delhaize Group. Georges Jacobs also serves on the Board of Directors of UCB, Belgacom, Bekaert, Spadel and SN Brussels Airlines. He is an Honorary Chairman of UNICE (Union of Industrial and Employers' Confederations of Europe) and a member of the Management Committee and Honorary Chairman of the Federation of Belgian Companies. Jacobs is Chairman of the Belgo-Luxemburg
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Canadian Airlines


in debt. Canadian Airlines announced that it would support this and recommend acceptance from its shareholders. Air Canada rejected the offer. On August 31, 1999, Air Canada adopted a poison pill aimed at thwarting any takeover bid. It was later (Sep 24, 1999) revealed by Kevin Benson that merger talks had occurred between Canadian Airlines and Air Canada in early 1999 with Air Canada abandoning the talks. On October 19, 1999, Air Canada, backed by Star Alliance partners Lufthansa Airlines, United Airlines and CIBC announced a
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Hewa Bora Airways


airline's previous Boeing 767 and McDonnell Douglas MD-82 aircraft. It also announced it would be destroying six aircraft left behind by Hewa Bora to reduce safety concerns. After a dispute with Brussels Airlines, Hewa Bora Airways decided to rescind the codeshare agreement between the two airlines and start their own flights to Brussels. However, as Hewa Bora was banned from the European Union, they had to wet-lease a RAK Airways Boeing 757–200 to operate the flights. For a short time, the airline flew twice weekly Kinshasa-Brussels-
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Conquest Airlines


. In the late 1980s the airline shifted its hub and operations to Austin. Rafael Rivas, who became the executive vice president of Conquest, said that the airline chose Austin as its hub since Dallas and Houston were not centrally located in Texas. Rivas added that by being located in Austin, the airline would avoid competition from regional airline carriers operating in Houston and the Dallas-Fort Worth areas. In addition the airline catered to passengers traveling within Texas instead of passengers planning to do inter-state travel. Rivas added that
10851823
Queen Beatrix International Airport


Aruba, which was for many years an international airline. Before Aruba's separation from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 it was also one of three hubs for Air ALM as well as a home base for Tiara Air until 2016. Since 2013 the airport is home to Aruba Airlines, a local airliner. The airline has 3 Airbus A320 family aircraft and 2 Bombardier CRJ200. The main focus of Aruba Airlines is connecting the region through its hub. The airport helps much by providing US Border Pre-clearance and in return the airline
21415174
Chongqing


as an important aviation hub for south-western China. Jiangbei airport is a hub for China Southern Airlines, Chongqing Airlines, Sichuan Airlines, China Express Airlines, Shandong Airlines and Hainan Airlines's new China West Air. Chongqing also is a focus city of Air China, therefore it is very well connected with Star Alliance and Skyteam's international network. The airport currently has three parallel runways in operation. It serves domestic routes to most other Chinese cities, as well as international routes to Auckland, New York City, London
7792752
Transportation in Memphis, Tennessee


regional system. Memphis is served by Memphis International Airport, which handles more cargo than any other airport in the world . The airport is the international cargo hub for FedEx and became a passenger hub for Delta Air Lines after their merger with Northwest Airlines in 2008. Currently, only domestic flights are available for passengers. International flights are only available for cargo. Other passenger airlines providing service to the airport are Air Canada Jazz, AirTran Airways, American Airlines, Continental Airlines, SeaPort Airlines, United Airlines and US Airways. The
8792166
Rossiya Airlines


Rossiya Airlines OJSC (), sometimes branded as "Rossiya—Russian Airlines" (), is a Russian airline headquartered in Saint Petersburg with its hub at Pulkovo Airport. It is based in Saint Petersburg, with additional hubs at Moscow Vnukovo International Airport, Rostov-on-Don Airport and Orenburg Tsentralny Airport. Rossiya is majority (75%) owned by Aeroflot. 24 June 1932 is considered to be the birthday of Pulkovo Airlines. It was on that day that its first facility, the Shosseynaya airfield was commissioned,
1246868
UPS Airlines


changed the aircraft from Pratt & Whitney JT8D to Rolls-Royce Tay turbofans. In 1991, to gain the ability to fly domestic cargo flights within Europe, UPS entered into a partnership with Danish airline Star Air (part of the Maersk conglomerate), leasing several 727 freighters to the airline (later replaced by 757 freighters). In the early 1990s, to add capacity to its network, UPS Airlines opened additional hubs, with primary hubs in Rockford, Illinois (Chicago) and Philadelphia; secondary hubs were opened in Dallas
4268947
Air Midwest


Omaha, and Manhattan, KS. By the end of 1985 the airline was operating five Saab 340's and 24 Metroliners. Although Air Midwest was unsuccessful in gaining a codeshare with Republic through the Scheduled Skyways merger, it was able to acquire codeshare agreements in 1985 with Eastern Airlines as Eastern Air Midwest Express at the Kansas City and Wichita hubs and later with Ozark Air Lines as Ozark Midwest at that carriers' St. Louis hub, and American Airlines as part of the American Eagle (airline brand) at their Nashville hub.
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Ethiopian Airlines


aimed at developing Lusaka as an aviation hub for Southern Africa and fits with the airline's multiple hub strategy outlined in its 15-year Vision 2025 strategic plan. In February 2018, Ethiopian and its Togo based regional airline partner ASKY Airlines formed a strategic partnership with the Guinean government to establish startup carrier Guinea Airlines by June. This partnership is in line with the airline's 15-year Vision 2025 strategic plan to establish strategic partnerships with many African countries, enabling them to regain market share for travel. It is also in line with the recently
13840941
List of Vision Airlines destinations


, Vision Airlines was offering scheduled or charter flights to the following destinations. However, according to the airline’s website, Vision has now ceased all scheduled passenger services as an independent air carrier. All flights operating under the Vision Airlines brand were public charters for Travelspan. A number of these destinations were served on a scheduled basis from the former Vision Airlines hub located at the Northwest Florida Regional Airport (VPS) near Fort Walton Beach, FL and Destin, FL. This hub operation was shut down in 2012. The airline
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Copa Holdings


Central and South America and the Caribbean through its Hub of the Americas at Tocumen International Airport in Panama City, Panama. In addition, Copa Airlines provides passengers with access to flights to more than 120 other international destinations through codeshare agreements with United Airlines and other airlines. Copa Airlines Colombia, provides domestic service to 12 cities in Colombia as well as international connectivity with Copa Airlines' Hub of the Americas through flights from Bogota, Cali, Medellin, Cartagena, Bucaramanga, Pereira and Barranquilla. Additionally, Copa Airlines Colombia has non
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Vilnius Airport


Airlines and a base for Wizz Air. It used to be a main hub for Star1 Airlines until their end of operations in September 2010 and Aurela until Aurela had lost its flight license. It was the hub for Small Planet Airlines and Aviavilsa until both airlines folded. The airport was a secondary hub for airBaltic, Estonian Air and Skyways Express until they closed the bases in Vilnius. On 30 June 2013 Air Lituanica also began its flights from the Vilnius Airport and established its base there serving several European cities. However, by
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Texas International Airlines


, for Texas International. Texas Air then acquired Continental Airlines in 1982 and merged Continental and Texas International on October 31, 1982 with TI assuming the former's name. The last Texas International aircraft were seen in 1983. Today's successor to Trans-Texas Airways and Texas International is United Airlines, which merged with Continental in 2010. The airline has a large hub at George Bush Intercontinental Airport, a former hub for Texas International. Dallas/Fort Worth Airport was a hub for Texas International before its merger with Continental.
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