Hilary of Poitiers [SEP] canonization status
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Bertrand des Bordes


. A Bernardus de Borda, who may have been Bertrand des Bordes' nephew, is recorded as an "Ostiarius Domini Nostri Papae" at Avignon in 1327. Bertrand was made a Canon of the Cathedral Chapter of Lectoure on 27 July 1305, and was given the reservation on a prebend and a dignity in the Cathedral Chapter. He was permitted to keep the canonry and prebend which he already held in the Cathedral of Saint Hilary in Poitiers, along with five churches in the diocese of Poitiers and the diocese of Agen.
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Église Notre-Dame la Grande, Poitiers


bibliography) this is Jacob wrestling with the Angel). Just above, the arcades hold statues of the twelve apostles and two bishops. According to local tradition the bishops are St Hilary of Poitiers and St Martin of Tours. The historians of art prefer not see the figures as portraits but as representations of bishops as heirs to the apostles, therefore represented on the same level. The attitudes are different: on the right, a bishop points out the episcopal capacity of the bishops of Poitiers, barons of Poitou. On the
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Hilary of Poitiers


Hilary of Poitiers (; c. 310c. 367) was Bishop of Poitiers and is a Doctor of the Church. He was sometimes referred to as the "Hammer of the Arians" (Latin: "Malleus Arianorum") and the "Athanasius of the West." His name comes from the Latin word for happy or cheerful. In addition to his important work as Bishop, Hilary was the father of Abra of Poitiers (a nun and saint who became known for her charity) and was married. His optional memorial in
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Hilary of Poitiers


and in Hilary's own writings. Pope Pius IX formally recognized him as "Universae Ecclesiae Doctor" in 1851. In the Roman calendar of saints, Hilary's feast day is on 13 January, 14 January in the pre-1970 form of the calendar. The spring terms of the English and Irish Law Courts and Oxford and Dublin Universities are called the Hilary term since they begin on approximately this date. Some consider Saint Hilary of Poitiers the patron saint of lawyers. From his writing St. Hilary's symbol came to be three books
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Église Notre-Dame la Grande, Poitiers


glass window of the 19th century and on a table of the 17th century. The church of St-Hilaire-la-Grande of Poitiers preserves three stone statues (the Virgin with the Child, Saint Hilary and Saint Radegunda) which formerly decorated the gate of the moat, the place of the miracle. The legend is not credible from a historical point of view since, in 1202, Poitou formed part of the English duchy of Aquitaine, under the reigns of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. The oldest account of
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Poitiers


2010 there have been three priestly ordinations in the diocese, and four ordinations of Permanent Deacons. Louis Duchesne holds that its earliest episcopal catalogue represents the ecclesiastical tradition of Poitiers in the twelfth century. The catalogue reckons twelve predecessors of Hilary of Poitiers, among them Nectarius, Liberius, and Agon, and among his successors Sts. Quintianus and Maxentius. Duchesne does not doubt the existence of the cults of these saints, but he questions whether they were bishops of Poitiers. In his opinion, Hilary (350 – 367 or 368
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Book of Judith


did Athanasius, Cyril of Jerusalem and Epiphanius of Salamis. However, such influential fathers of the Church, including Augustine, Ambrose, and Hilary of Poitiers, considered Judith sacred scripture, and Pope Innocent I declared it part of the canon. In Jerome's "Prologue to Judith" he claims that the Book of Judith was "found by the Nicene Council to have been counted among the number of the Sacred Scriptures". It was also accepted by the councils of Rome (382), Hippo (393), Carthage
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Votivkirche, Vienna


two scenes from the Old Testament: the Sacrifice of Isaac and the dream of Joseph. Above the tabernacle is a niche with a crucifix. Niches surrounding the tabernacle contain statues of angels and various saints. These are: on the left side, statues of the patron saints of the church, Charles Borromeo, and of the founder, Maximilian of Lorch; on the right side, Hilary of Poitiers and Bernard of Clairvaux. The ciborium is supported by four massive red granite columns. It opens up into four pointed arches,
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Hilary of Poitiers


, and with his wife and his daughter (traditionally named Saint Abra), was baptized and received into the Church. The Christians of Poitiers so respected Hilary that about 350 or 353, they unanimously elected him their bishop. At that time Arianism threatened to overrun the Western Church; Hilary undertook to repel the disruption. One of his first steps was to secure the excommunication, by those of the Gallican hierarchy who still remained orthodox Christians, of Saturninus, the Arian Bishop of Arles, and of Ursacius of Singidunum and Valens
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Hilary of Poitiers


returning home, Hilary in 365, published the "Contra Arianos vel Auxentium Mediolanensem liber," describing his unsuccessful efforts against Auxentius. He also (but perhaps at a somewhat earlier date) published the "Contra Constantium Augustum liber", accusing the lately deceased emperor as having been the Antichrist, a rebel against God, "a tyrant whose sole object had been to make a gift to the devil of that world for which Christ had suffered." According to Jerome, Hilary died in Poitiers in 367. Recent research has
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Hilary of Poitiers


the General Roman Calendar is 13 January. In the past, when this date was occupied by the Octave Day of the Epiphany, his feast day was moved to 14 January. Hilary was born at Poitiers either at the end of the 3rd or beginning of the 4th century A.D. His parents were pagans of distinction. He received a good pagan education, which included a high level of Greek. He studied, later on, the Old and New Testament writings, with the result that he abandoned his Neo-Platonism for Christianity
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Martin of Tours


was released from military service. Martin declared his vocation, and made his way to the city of Caesarodunum (now Tours), where he became a disciple of Hilary of Poitiers, a chief proponent of Trinitarian Christianity. He opposed the Arianism of the Imperial Court. When Hilary was forced into exile from Pictavium (now Poitiers), Martin returned to Italy. According to Sulpicius Severus, he converted an Alpine brigand on the way, and confronted the Devil himself. Having heard in a dream a summons to revisit his home
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Arian creeds


by Valens, Ursacius, and Germinius, who are all well known advocates of Arian beliefs. Hilary of Poitiers attributed authorship to Hosius, but this is unlikely because Hosius had been an author and advocate of the Nicene Creed. Instead, Hosius may have been coerced by Constantius into signing the Sirmian Creed. This creed marks the emergence of the Homoian Arians as a visible movement within Arianism. The Second Sirmian Creed was written in Latin and is preserved in the writings of Hilary of Poitiers. The Second Sirmian Creed aroused strong opposition
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Arian creeds


from pro-Nicene theologians; Hilary of Poitiers called it the Blasphemy of Sirmium and Ossius' lunacy. The Second Sirmian Creed avoids the following beliefs characteristic of Arius' own beliefs: it does not discuss the relation of Son to Logos, it does not say that the Son was produced out of nothing, and it does not state that the Son is created, using instead terms translatable as begotten and born. However it is Arian in subordinating the Son to the Father, insisting on a unique status for the Father,
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Poitiers


" during the 2nd century. As Christianity was made official and gradually introduced across the Roman Empire during the 3rd and 4th centuries, the first bishop of Poitiers from 350 to 367, Hilary of Poitiers or Saint Hilarius, proceeded to evangelize the town. Exiled by Constantius II, he risked death to return to Poitiers as Bishop. The first foundations of the Baptistère Saint-Jean can be traced to that era of open Christian evangelization. He was named "Doctor of The Church" by Pope Pius IX. In the 4th
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Saint Ilar


("Hilary the Fisherman"). He is also given the epithets ' ("Hilary Whitefoot") and ("Hilary the Martyr"). The bishop of Poitiers, meanwhile, was a confessor and died peacefully. Saint Hilary's own connection with Wales arose from confused accounts that he ordained Saint Cybi as a bishop, although the two were separated by two centuries. Baring-Gould suggests this may have arisen from a confusion between Hilary and Cybi's relative Saint Elian, and some of the dedications to either
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St Hilary's Church, St Hilary (Cornwall)


The Church of St Hilary is an Early English–style church in the village of St Hilary, Cornwall, United Kingdom. It features a 13th-century tower; following a fire in 1853, the remainder of the church was rebuilt two years later by William White. The church is dedicated to Saint Hilary of Poitiers and is a Grade I listed building. The architecture is described in Pevsner's "Buildings of England: Cornwall". A Roman milestone was found in the foundations of the church in 1854, and it
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St Hilary, Vale of Glamorgan


St Hilary ( ) is a village in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. It is located just south of the A48, about a mile southeast of the market town of Cowbridge. The village has a population of about 260, in approximately 80 houses. Notable landmarks in the vicinity include The Bush Inn, the Church of St Hilary, the Old Beaupre Castle, New Beaupre, Coed Hills and St. Hilary mast. The dedication of a church to the French bishop and saint Hilary of Poitiers is unusual for Britain and probably
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Church of St Hilary, St Hilary (Vale of Glamorgan)


The Parish Church of St Hilary () is a Grade II* listed Anglican church in the village of St Hilary in the Vale of Glamorgan, south Wales. It is one of 11 churches in the Parish of Cowbridge. It became a listed building on 22 February 1963. The dedication of a church to the French bishop and saint Hilary of Poitiers is unusual for Britain and probably initially reflected a foundation credited to either the Breton missionary and saint Ilar or the native pilgrim and saint Elian. The relative obscurity of these saints
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Hilary of Poitiers


or 361, with Hilary's encouragement, Martin, the future bishop of Tours, founded a monastery at Ligugé in his diocese. In 364, Hilary extended his efforts once more beyond Gaul. He impeached Auxentius, bishop of Milan, a man high in the imperial favour, as heterodox. Emperor Valentinian I accordingly summoned Hilary to Milan to there maintain his charges. However, the supposed heretic gave satisfactory answers to all the questions proposed. Hilary denounced Auxentius as a hypocrite as he himself was ignominiously expelled from Milan. Upon
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Église Notre-Dame la Grande, Poitiers


also realized that the keys had disappeared and he was alarmed because he realized that treason had been committed. He thus held back his soldiers and went to the church of Notre Dame-la-Grande to request a miracle. There he discovered the statue of the Virgin Mary holding the keys. However, during the night, under the ramparts, frightened by the appearances of the Virgin, Saint Hilary and Saint Radegunda, the English killed each other and fled. This event is represented, in the church, in a stained
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Hilary of Poitiers


distinguished between Hilary's thought before his period of exile in Phrygia under Constantius and the quality of his later major works. While Hilary closely followed the two great Alexandrians, Origen and Athanasius, in exegesis and Christology respectively, his work shows many traces of vigorous independent thought. Among Hilary's earliest writings, completed some time before his exile in 356, is his "Commentarius in Evangelium Matthaei", an allegorical exegesis of the first Gospel. This is the first Latin commentary on Matthew to have survived in its entirety. Hilary
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Hilary of Poitiers


) which saw the triumph of the "homoion" party and the forbidding of all discussion of the divine substance. In 360, Hilary tried unsuccessfully to secure a personal audience with Constantius, as well as to address the council which met at Constantinople in 360. When this council ratified the decisions of Ariminum and Seleucia, Hilary responded with the bitter "In Constantium", which attacked the Emperor Constantius as Antichrist and persecutor of orthodox Christians. Hilary's urgent and repeated requests for public debates with his opponents, especially with Ursacius
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Hilary of Poitiers


was rather in the words than in the ideas, which led to his counseling the bishops of the West to be more reserved in their condemnation. The "De trinitate libri XII", composed in 359 and 360, was the first successful expression in Latin of that Council's theological subtleties originally elaborated in Greek. Although some members of Hilary's own party thought the first had shown too great a forbearance towards the Arians, Hilary replied to their criticisms in the "Apologetica ad reprehensores libri de synodis responsa". Hilary was
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Hilary of Poitiers


a firm guardian of the Trinity as taught by the Western church, and therefore saw the foreseen Antichrist in those who repudiated the divinity of the Son and thought Him to be but a created Being. "Hence also they who deny that Christ is the Son of God must have Antichrist for their Christ," was the way he stated it. In his classic introduction to the works of Hilary, Watson summarizes Hilary’s points: Hilary also attended several synods during his time in exile, including the council at Seleucia (359
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Hilary of Poitiers


work is "De synodis", written early in 359 in preparation for the councils of Ariminium and Seleucia. Various writings comprise Hilary's 'historical' works. These include the "Liber II ad Constantium imperatorem", the "Liber in Constantium inperatorem", "Contra Arianos vel Auxentium Mediolanensem liber", and the various documents relating to the Arian controversy in "Fragmenta historica". Some consider Hilary as the first Latin Christian hymn writer, because Jerome said Hilary produced a "liber hymnorum". Three hymns are attributed
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Hilary of Poitiers


and a quill pen. Sulpicius Severus' "Vita Sancti Martini" led to a cult of Saint Hilary as well as of St. Martin of Tours which spread early to western Britain. The villages of St Hilary in Cornwall and Glamorgan and that of Llanilar in Ceredigion bear his name. In France most dedications to Saint Hilary are styled "Saint-Hilaire" and lie west (and north) of the Massif Central; the cult in this region eventually extended to Canada. In northwest Italy the church of Sant’Ilario at Casale Monferrato
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Hilary term


Hilary term is the second academic term of the University of Oxford and the University of Dublin. It runs from January to March and is so named because the feast day of St Hilary of Poitiers, 14 January, falls during this term. All terms are dated from this day in the following way: The term originated in the legal system. The courts of England and Wales and the Courts of Ireland divide the legal year into four terms: Hilary, Easter, Trinity and Michaelmas. At the University of Oxford, following
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Hilary of Poitiers


356 with the professed purpose of settling the longstanding dispute, an imperial rescript banished the new bishop, along with Rhodanus of Toulouse, to Phrygia. Hilary spent nearly four years in exile, although the reasons for this banishment remain obscure. The traditional explanation is that Hilary was exiled for refusing to subscribe to the condemnation of Athanasius and the Nicene faith. More recently several scholars have suggested that political opposition to Constantius and support of the usurper Silvanus may have led to Hilary's exile. While in Phrygia, however, he continued
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Hilary of Poitiers


's commentary was strongly influenced by Tertullian and Cyprian, and made use of several classical writers, including Cicero, Quintilian, Pliny and the Roman historians. Hilary's expositions of the Psalms, "Tractatus super Psalmos", largely follow Origen, and were composed some time after Hilary returned from exile in 360. Since Jerome found the work incomplete, no one knows whether Hilary originally commented on the whole Psalter. Now extant are the commentaries on Psalms 1, 2, 9, 13, 14, 51-69, 91
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Hilary of Poitiers


, and 118-150. The third surviving exegetical writing by Hilary is the "Tractatus mysteriorum", preserved in a single manuscript first published in 1887. Because Augustine cites part of the commentary on Romans as by "Sanctus Hilarius" it has been ascribed by various critics at different times to almost every known Hilary. Hilary's major theological work was the twelve books now known as "De Trinitate". This was composed largely during his exile, though perhaps not completed until his return to Gaul in 360. Another important
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Abra of Poitiers


Saint Abra (c. 343 – c. 360) was the daughter of Hilary of Poitiers. Saint Abra herself has been recognized as a saint. She was born before her father converted to Christianity and was made a bishop. At her father's advice, she took the vow of virginity and became a nun. During her father's exile from Poitiers, she and her mother remained there. She died shortly after his return in 360. She is remembered for her work among the poor and spreading of Christianity in the area around
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St Hilary, Cornwall


years. The principal local authority in the area is Cornwall Council. During the height of mining activity the population was three times that in the 1930s. The parish church is dedicated to Saint Hilary of Poitiers and is in the Early English style but had to be rebuilt after a fire in 1853. It has a 13th-century tower and is a Grade I listed building. A children's home existed in St Hilary in the 1920s and 1930s, accommodated in a former pub, the Jolly Tinners. The area has many
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Hilary of Poitiers


to him, though none are indisputable. Hilary is the pre-eminent Latin writer of the 4th century (before Ambrose). Augustine of Hippo called him "the illustrious doctor of the churches", and his works continued to be highly influential in later centuries. Venantius Fortunatus wrote a "vita" of Hilary by 550, but few now consider it reliable. More trustworthy are the notices in Saint Jerome (De vir. illus. 100), Sulpicius Severus ("Chron." ii. 39-45)
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Arian creeds


be God, Word, or Logos incarnate, and not mere human; and as such it was the God within that animated the flesh, not a human soul. In 364, Hilary of Poitiers tried to have Auxentius of Milan deposed for heresy. Hilary was a committed advocate of the Nicene Creed, while Auxentius was an Arian. Hilary and Eusebius of Vercelli reported Auxentius to the Emperor Valentinian I. Unlike Constantius II, Valentinian tried to remain neutral and avoid involvement in ecclesiastical affairs. The Emperor ordered an investigation of Auxentius'
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Ambrosian hymns


on the template of the hymns (ῠ̔́μνοι) of the Greek and Syriach churches of the second to third centuries. The first Latin hymns were composed by Hilary of Poitiers (d. 367), who had spent in Asia Minor some years of exile from his see, and had thus become acquainted with the hymns of the Eastern Church. Hilary's "Liber Hymnorum" has not survived. St. Hilary, who is mentioned by St. Isidore of Seville as the first to compose Latin hymns, and Saint Ambrose (d. 397)
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Episcopal polity


Eastern Christian Churches were thought by Constantine to believe against the Trinity; that Christ was lesser than God. Hilary, Bishop of Poitiers, France, believed that the Eastern Church should be given the opportunity to, at least, be educated on the subject. Constantine, in his wisdom, and upset by disagreement, banished Hilary to the East. Hilary perfected his Greek language skills while in exile, and determined the great divide between Rome and the East was actually not a disagreement at all, and was merely a linguistic ignorance
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Episcopal polity


on the part of his Latin speaking contemporaries. This truth became known in the West, though some differences lingered. Hilary of Poitiers later became St. Hilary, Doctor of the Church, for exposing the true Christian beliefs of the Eastern Church. Many of Hilary's writings were lost to time. In the fifth century, Pope Dioscorus, the Patriarch of Alexandria, rejected certain Christological dogmas promulgated by the Council of Chalcedon, and as a result, the Oriental Orthodox churches split from the rest; however they continued the episcopal tradition
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University of Poitiers


The University of Poitiers () is a university in Poitiers, France. It is a member of the Coimbra Group, as one of the oldest universities of Europe. As of July 2015 it is a member of the regional university association Leonardo da Vinci consolidated University. Founded in 1431 by Pope Eugene IV and chartered by King Charles VII, the University of Poitiers was originally composed of five faculties: theology, canon law, civil law, medicine, and arts. In the 16th century, the university exerted its influence over
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Church Fathers


education. After converting to Christianity, he became a bishop and eventually died a martyr at Carthage. He emphasized the necessity of the unity of Christians with their bishops, and also the authority of the Roman See, which he claimed was the source of "priestly unity"'. Hilary of Poitiers ( – ) was Bishop of Poitiers and is a Doctor of the Church. He was sometimes referred to as the "Hammer of the Arians" () and the "Athanasius of the West"/ His name comes from the Greek
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Hilary of Chichester


referred back to England. Known for supporting his clergy and as a canon lawyer, or someone trained in ecclesiastical law, Hilary worked to have Edward the Confessor, a former English king, canonised as a saint. Hilary was probably born around 1110, and was likely of low birth, but nothing is known of his ancestry. His brother was a canon of Salisbury Cathedral, and they both may have come from around Salisbury. Hilary served as a clerk for Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, and as Dean of
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Église Saint-Hilaire-le-Grand


The Église Saint-Hilaire-le-Grand is a church in Poitiers, France. It was named after Hilary of Poitiers (Hilaire in French). The church dates back to the 11th century, and was consecrated in 1049. It was damaged during the French Revolution and was restored in the second half of the 19th century. The church received a new portal, and the nave was partly reconstructed. The church was listed as "Monument historique" in 1840. It was also listed as a World Heritage Site by
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Lay abbot


Dunkeld. While the title of Hereditary Lay Abbot was a feudal position that was often exercised in name only, Crinán seems to have acted as Abbot in charge of the monastery in his time. He was thus a man of high position in both clerical and secular society. Gosfred, Duke of Aquitaine, was Abbot of the monastery of St. Hilary at Poitiers, and as such he published the decrees issued (1078) at the Synod of Poitiers. It was only through the so-called investitures conflict that the Church was
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Baptistère Saint-Jean


The Baptistère Saint-Jean (Baptistery of St. John) is a Roman Catholic church in Poitiers, France. It is reputed to be the oldest existing Christian building in the West and one of the most prominent examples of Merovingian architecture. The central part of the building was constructed around 360, atop the substructures of Roman buildings that were demolished in 276, in what subsequently became the episcopal quarter of the town of Poitiers, near the residence of Saint Hilary and the future cathedral. Many changes have been made to the original
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Pierre Coustant


appendix to the fifth volume he collected all the spurious homilies and traced them to their true sources. His work did not remain unnoticed by the Abbot General of the Maurist congregation. When Mabillon suggested a new edition of the works of Hilary of Poitiers, it was Coustant whom the abbot general selected. Before this time, there was only one defective and uncritical edition of Poitiers' work, published by Erasmus (Basle, 1523). The subsequent editions of Miraeus (Paris 1544), Lipsius (Basle, 1550),
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Saturninus of Arles


where he died in 358 of ill-treatment. In 359 Saturninus, with the support of the bishops of the Viennoise and the Narbonnaise, called the Council of Rimini, which defined an Arian dogma in opposition to the Nicene Creed. When Constantius II died and was replaced by the pagan emperor Julian the Apostate, Hilary, with the exiled bishops, was allowed to return, whereupon he held the Council of Paris. The First Council of Paris was held in 361, under the presidency of Hilary of Poitiers, to condemn
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Saturninus of Arles


Saturninus of Arles (bishop from 347 - 361) was a French Arian bishop of Arles in the early 4th century who under Constantius II was Primate of Gaul. He is known for his opposition to Saint Hilary of Poitiers, bishop of Poitiers, at the Church Council of Arles of 353. Arianism had been condemned at the First Council of Nicaea in 325. However, there were still a number of Arian bishops in the empire protected by the Arian Roman Emperor Constantius II. The Church Council of Arles of 353 was called
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Ligugé Abbey


Ligugé Abbey, formally called the Abbey of St. Martin of Ligugé (), is a French Benedictine monastery in the Commune of Ligugé, located in the Department of Vienne. Dating to the 4th century, it is the site of one of the earliest monastic foundations in France. The original abbey having been destroyed during the French Revolution, the current monastic community dates from 1853, and belongs to the Solesmes Congregation. The original monastery was founded in 361, at a site offered by the bishop Hilary of Poitiers, by Hilary
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Book of Baruch


infra") (Jurgens §410a). St. Hilary of Poitiers, d. AD 368, also a Church Father, quoted the same passage as St. Thomas, "supra", (3:36–38), citing "Jeremias", about which Jurgens states: "Baruch was secretary to Jeremias, and is cited by the Fathers mostly under the name of Jeremias" (§864n). St. Hilary states: "Besides Moses and Isaias, listen now a third time, and to Jeremias, who teaches the same thing,
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Saint Ilar


A Saint Ilar (; or "") is listed among the 6th-century saints of Wales and is the probable namesake of Llanilar in Ceredigion and its former hundred of Ilar. His feast day is variously given as 13, 14, or 15 January, but is no longer observed by either the Anglican or Catholic church in Wales. Although he has been consistently conflated with Saint Hilary of Poitiers and shares a similar saint's day (Hilary's being observed on the 13th), the Welsh saint is often listed separately as '
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Woman with seven sons


fulfillment of the practical "mitzvot"". It is probable that Hilary of Poitiers refers to this woman as a prophet. Hilary says "For all things, as the Prophet says, were made out of nothing," and, according to Patrick Henry Reardon, he is quoting 2 Maccabees 7:28. Roman Catholic apologist Jimmy Akin uses this story to defend the Deuterocanonical books. He examines Hebrews 11:35 ("Some were tortured, refusing to accept release, that they might rise again to a better life") and notes
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Hilary of Poitiers


of Mursa, two of his prominent supporters. About the same time, Hilary wrote to Emperor Constantius II a remonstrance against the persecutions by which the Arians had sought to crush their opponents ("Ad Constantium Augustum liber primus", of which the most probable date is 355). Other Historians refer to this first book to Constantius as "Book Against Valens," of which only fragments are extant. His efforts did not succeed at first, for at the synod of Biterrae (Béziers), summoned by the emperor in
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Pierre Coustant


Catholic dogmas. The preface is followed by two biographical sketches of the saint, the former of which was composed by Coustant himself from the writings of Hilary, while the latter is a reproduction of the life written by Fortunatus of Poitiers. Each treatise is preceded by a special preface stating its occasion and purpose, and the time when it was written. Difficult and obscure passages are explained in footnotes. This edition of St. Hilary is a model work of its kind, one of the most esteemed literary productions of the Maurist Congregation
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Wallasey Village


Parade fronting Liverpool Bay. The Wirral Show used to be held on the extensive grassed areas - known as "the Dips" along this promenade, to the west of New Brighton. St Hilary’s Church may date back to the earliest days of Christianity in Britain. There are just eight churches in Britain named after the Bishop of Poitiers, St. Hilary, who contributed to the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD, and it is thought that they were founded by St Germanus, who was invited from France as a missionary
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Le Mans


vows at Le Mans in 1588, and who later became Bishop of Marseille. The French Revolution swept away this convent. The diocese honours in a special manner as saints: Peregrinus, Marcoratus, and Viventianus, martyrs; Hilary of Oizé, nephew of St. Hilary of Poitiers (in the fifth century); Bommer, Almirus, Leonard, and Ulphace, hermits; Gault, Front, and Brice, solitaries and previously monks of Micy; Fraimbault, hermit, founder of a small monastery in the valley of Gabrone; Calais
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Poitiers


among its scholars were Hilary, St. Maxentius, Maximus, Bishop of Trier, and his two brothers St. Maximinus of Chinon and St. John of Marne, Paulinus, Bishop of Trier, and the poet Ausonius. In the sixth century Fortunatus taught there, and in the twelfth century students chose to study at Poitiers with Gilbert de la Porrée. Bishop Gilbert de la Porrée attended the "concilium generale" which began at Reims on 21 March 1148 and continued for the rest of the month, under the presidency of Pope Eugenius III
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Hilary of Poitiers


and Valens, proved at last so inconvenient that he was sent back to his diocese, which he appears to have reached about 361, within a very short time of the accession of Emperor Julian. On returning to his diocese in 361, Hilary spent most of the first two or three years trying to persuade the local clergy that the "homoion" confession was merely a cover for traditional Arian subordinationism. Thus, a number of synods in Gaul condemned the creed promulgated at Council of Ariminium (359). In about 360
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Auxentius of Milan


death by the pagan Emperor Julian (died 363). Under the following Christian Emperors, Jovian and Valentinian I, there were many attempts by the supporters of the Nicaean faith to depose Auxentius. In 364 Auxentius was publicly accused in a disputation with Hilary of Poitiers held in Milan by order of the Emperor Valentinian I. His submission was only apparent, however, and he remained powerful enough to compel the departure of Hilary from Milan. Also Eusebius of Vercelli and Athanasius of Alexandria failed to obtain the deposition of Auxentius. In 372
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Arian creeds


beliefs. In response, Auxentius wrote the following letter declaring his beliefs. The letter convinced Valentinian I that Auxentius was no heretic. He dismissed the case and ordered Hilary back to Poitiers. Hilary wrote Contra Auxentium to describe the events. Hanson states that the creed of Auxentius is not representative of Homoian Arian doctrine, because Auxentius chose to defend himself by using traditional formulae passed down in the Milanese church since before the Arian controversy. Germinius was the bishop of Sirmium and as such was present at the Councils of Sirmium. He
9816659
Hilary of Chichester


have diminished the king's authority. In the past, English law had tried clerks who committed serious offences in the royal courts, but recent changes in canon law were changing this practice. At Westminster, Henry tried to get the leading laymen and bishops to swear to uphold the old customs of England, instead of the newer canon law practices. All the bishops swore, with the reservation that the customs were not in conflict with canon law. Hilary, however, added no qualifiers to his oath. Although the oath supported
507842
Gui de Maillesec


and deposition. Guy de Malsec was sometimes referred to as the 'Cardinal of Poitiers' ("Pictavensis") or the 'Cardinal of Palestrina' ("Penestrinus"). He was Doctor of Canon Law (Toulouse) and Archdeacon of Corbaria in the Church of Narbonne, as well as Chaplain of Pope Urban V. On 27 May 1370 Guy de Malsec was appointed Bishop of Lodève by Gregory XI. He was then promoted Bishop of Poitiers, approved by Pope Gregory XI on 9 April 1371. In 1375, in
2203325
Georg Anton von Rodenstein


Georg Anton von Rodenstein (29 September 1579 – 30 October 1652) was the Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1629 to 1652. Georg Anton von Rodenstein was born in Rodenstein on September 29, 1579. He became a canon of Speyer Cathedral in 1594. Between 1594 and 1601, he studied at the University of Douai, the University of Poitiers, in Rome, and at the University of Siena. He became a canon of Worms Cathedral in 1609, and was ordained as a priest in 1610. He became a canon
8156709
Canon of the Mass


French Missals the Canon contained the names of Saint Martin and Saint Hilary. Pope Pius V's imposition of the Roman Missal in 1570 restrained any tendency to vary the text of the Canon. According to one source, in 1604 Pope Clement VIII, as well as modifying some of the rubrics, altered the text of the Canon by excluding a mention of the king. In the early nineteenth century, the king was mentioned by name in England within the Canon. Although other parts of the Missal were modified from time to time
18752495
Stephen de Segrave


his death. However, uncertain about his personal safety, he became a canon at Leicester Abbey, where he died on 9 November 1241, and was buried. He married twice; firstly to Rohese le Despencer, daughter of Thomas Despenser, who bore him a son, Sir Gilbert de Segrave in 1202, and secondly to Ida de Hastings, daughter of William de Hastings and Margery Bigod of Norfolk. Gilbert died at Pons in the Prerogative County of Poitiers ("Comte apanage de Poitiers (de Poitou)"),
5718759
Église Notre-Dame la Grande, Poitiers


Notre-Dame la Grande is a Roman Catholic church in Poitiers, France. Having a double status, collegial and parochial, it forms part of the Catholic diocese of Poitiers. The west front adorned with statuary is recognised as a masterpiece of Romanesque religious art. The walls inside the church are painted. The district was already populated in Roman times. The ancient vestiges of a brick and rectangular stone construction can be located near the gutter on the northern wall of the current church. The church is mentioned in the 10th century
5184594
Hilary of Chichester


Hilary (c. 1110–1169) was a medieval Bishop of Chichester in England. English by birth, he studied canon law and worked in Rome as a papal clerk. During his time there, he became acquainted with a number of ecclesiastics, including the future Pope Adrian IV, and the writer John of Salisbury. In England, he served as a clerk for Henry of Blois, who was the Bishop of Winchester and brother of King Stephen of England. After Hilary's unsuccessful nomination to become Archbishop of York, Pope Eugene III
507820
Hilary of Chichester


in his diocese, working to change many of the churches that had chapters of secular clergy into churches with chapters of Augustinian canons. Hilary secured the consent of his cathedral chapter for any grants of lands, even those that he had acquired personally. Thirty-five documents survive from his bishopric, but few of them can be attributed to a specific date. One is his profession of obedience to the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the others are a mix of charters, judgements made by Hilary, and confirmations of rights and privileges
507846
Canonization


of Poitiers in the West. Their names were inserted in the diptychs, the lists of saints explicitly venerated in the liturgy, and their tombs were honoured in like manner as those of the martyrs. Since the witness of their lives was not as unequivocal as that of the martyrs, they were venerated publicly only with the approval by the local bishop. This process is often referred to as "local canonization". This approval was required even for veneration of a reputed martyr. In his history of the Donatist heresy, Saint
6293940
Fountains in France


style garden with a fountain shooting a vertical jet of water for his favorite mistress, Diana de Poitiers, next to the Château de Chenonceau (1556–1559). At the royal Château de Fontainebleau, he built another fountain with a bronze statue of Diane, goddess of the hunt, modeled after Diane de Poitiers. Later, after the death of Henry II, his widow, Catherine de' Medici, expelled Diana de Poitiers from Chenonceau and built her own fountain and garden there. King Henry IV of France made an important contribution
2937901
Filioque


, the river, and the stream; and the sun, the ray, and point of light for the unity with distinction in the Trinity, he adds, "The Spirit, then, is third from God and the Son, ..." In his arguments against Arianism, Marius Victorinus (c. 280–365) strongly connected the Son and the Spirit. In the mid-4th century, Hilary of Poitiers, wrote of the Spirit "coming forth from the Father" and being "sent by the Son"; as being "from
10948869
Trinity


differences or variation; from this identity of operation we necessarily infer the unity of nature." The traditional theory of "appropriation" consists in attributing certain names, qualities, or operations to one of the Persons of the Trinity, not, however, to the exclusion of the others, but in preference to the others. This theory was established by the Latin Fathers of the fourth and fifth centuries, especially by Hilary of Poitiers, Augustine, and Leo the Great. In the Middle Ages, the theory was systematically taught
11754160
Filioque


the Creed until 1014. In the Vulgate the Latin verb ', which appears in the "Filioque" passage of the Creed in Latin, is used to translate several Greek verbs. While one of those verbs, , the one in the corresponding phrase in the Creed in Greek, "was beginning to take on a particular meaning in Greek theology designating the Spirit's unique mode of coming-to-be ... ' had no such connotations". Although Hilary of Poitiers is often cited as one of "the chief patristic
10948895
Trinity


whom he yet envelopes". (Hilary of Poitiers, "Concerning the Trinity" 3:1). "Perichoresis" effectively excludes the idea that God has parts, but rather is a simple being. It also harmonizes well with the doctrine that the Christian's union with the Son in his humanity brings him into union with one who contains in himself, in the Apostle Paul's words, "all the fullness of deity" and not a part. ("See also: Divinization (Christian)"). "Perichoresis
11754152
Acacians


a number of preliminary conferences accompanying an inevitable campaign of pamphleteering in which Hilary of Poitiers took part, the bishops of the Western portion of the Empire met at Ariminum towards the end of May, and those of the East at Seleucia Isauria in the month of September, 359. The theological complexion of both Synods was identical, at least in this, that the party of compromise, represented at Seleucia by Acacius and at Ariminum by Ursacius and Valens, was politically, though not numerically, in the ascendant and could exercise a
11909851
History of the Filioque controversy


in the East, "through the Son" was later, according to Philip Schaff, dropped or rejected by some as being nearly equivalent to "from the Son" or "and the Son". Others spoke of the Holy Spirit proceeding "from the Father", as in the text of the Nicaeno-Constantinopolitan Creed, which "did not state that the Spirit proceeds from the Father "alone"". Hilary of Poitiers is one of "the chief patristic source(s) for the Latin teaching on the filioque.
7867936
Devon Hamilton and Hilary Curtis


Jack Abbott (Peter Bergman) sends him into the arms of Esmeralda (Briana Nicole Henry). While Esmeralda assumes Devon and Hilary are sleeping together, Hilary doesn't know Devon's fling with Esmeralda is a direct response to her kiss with Jack; but Hilary believes there is no future for them. While Devon's new billionaire status makes him seem like the obvious choice, the money scares the reformed Hilary away. It would look suspicious if Hilary chose to pursue Devon after putting him in the "friend zone".
14016580
Roman Catholic Diocese of Casale Monferrato


of Casale are the cathedral, one of the finest monuments of Lombard architecture, and that of Sant’Ilario (Hilary of Poitiers). The diocese, which covers an area of 970 km², is divided into 115 parishes. The majority, like Casale itself, are in the Province of Alessandria, while the rest are divided between the provinces of Asti and Turin. A list of parishes by province and commune follows; locations (villages or neighbourhoods) "within" a commune are shown in brackets. At the end of 2006
14615703
Summa


" by St. Hilary of Poitiers. The distinction has also been accorded to Radulfus Ardens, an eleventh-century theologian and preacher, a native of Beaulieu, author of a comprehensive "Speculum Universale", still in Manuscript. In this wide sense of the word, however, the encyclopedic treatises of St. Isidore of Seville, Rabanus Maurus etc., entitled "De Etymologiis" or "De Universo" might also be considered to be summaries of theology and philosophy. In the stricter sense of the word, "Summa"
19921985
Manichaeism


of Pope Miltiades. In 291, persecution arose in the Sasanian Empire with the murder of the apostle Sisin by Emperor Bahram II, and the slaughter of many Manichaeans. In 296, Diocletian decreed against the Manichaeans: "We order that their organizers and leaders be subject to the final penalties and condemned to the fire with their abominable scriptures." This resulted in martyrdom for many in Egypt and North Africa (see Diocletian Persecution). By 354, Hilary of Poitiers wrote that Manichaeism was a significant force in Roman Gaul.
20161298
Auxentius of Milan


Auxentius of Milan or of Cappadocia (fl.  – 374), was an Arian theologian and bishop of Milan. Because of his Arian faith, Auxentius is considered by the Catholic Church as an intruder and he is not included in the Catholic lists of the bishops of Milan such as that engraved in the Cathedral of Milan. Auxentius came to be regarded as the great opponent of the Nicene creed in the West. His theological doctrines were attacked by Hilary of Poitiers, whose "Liber contra Auxentium" remains the chief source of
8601706
Christianity in Gaul


-38), exerted a powerful influence on the episcopate of Gaul; one of the great champions of orthodoxy in the West was Hilary of Poitiers, who also suffered exile for his constancy. Priscillianism had a greater hold on the masses of the faithful. It was above all a method, an ideal of Christian life, which appealed to all, even to women. It was condemned (380) at the Synod of Saragossa where the Bishops of Bordeaux and Agen were present; nonetheless it spread rapidly in Central Gaul,
16199726
Catholic dogmatic theology


Christian in this dispute on the Trinity and Christology included: the Alexandrines, Clement, Origen, and Didymus the Blind; Athanasius and the three Cappadocians, Basil, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Gregory of Nyssa; Cyril of Alexandria and Leontius of Byzantium; finally, Maximus the Confessor and John Damascene. In the West the leaders were: Tertullian, Cyprian, Hilary of Poitiers, Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome, Fulgentius of Ruspe, Pope Leo I and Pope Gregory I. As the contest with Pelagianism and Semi-pelagianism clarified the
17900237
Lucifer


the Latin (Vulgate) text of Revelation 22:16 (where English translations refer to Jesus as "the bright morning star") has "stella matutina", not "lucifer", but the term "lucifer" is applied to Jesus in the Easter "Exultet" and in a hymn by Hilary of Poitiers that contains the phrase: ""Tu verus mundi lucifer"" (You are the true light bringer of the world). Adherents of the King James Only movement and others who hold that Isaiah 14:12 does indeed
18665740
Semi-Arianism


the Anomoean Aëtius. After the defeat of Magnentius at Mursa in 351, Valens, bishop of that city, became the spiritual director of Constantius. In 355 Valens and Ursacius obtained the exile of the Western confessors Eusebius, St. Lucifer of Cagliari, St. Hilary of Poitiers, and Liberius followed. In 357 they issued the second Creed of Sirmium, or "formula of Hosius", in which "homoousios" and "homoiousios" were both rejected. Eudoxius, a violent Arian, seized the See of Antioch, and supported
3465919
Karachi Se Lahore


on 25th Sep 2015 (Eid 1st Day). It will released in the USA on November 27, 2015. Rafay Mahmood of "The Express Tribune" rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and given the verdict as ""Karachi Se Lahore" has hilarious moments that at times seem out of place. Watch the film to learn some new jokes, but opt out if you are looking for a good big screen experience." In November 2015, director Wajahat Rauf announced that there will be a spin-off
14055755
Johann Froben


, Hilary of Poitiers and Ambrose. His printing of Erasmus' "Novum Testamentum" (1516) was used by Martin Luther for his translation. Froben employed Hans Holbein the Younger to illustrate his texts as It was part of Froben's plan to print editions of the Greek Fathers. He also employed the formschneiders Jakob Faber (the "Master IF") and Hans Lützelburger. Holbein painted a portrait of Froben (c. 1522-1523), probably as a pair with one of Erasmus; the original has not survived but
11824709
Traducianism


traducianism. Alexander of Hales characterized creationism as the more probable opinion. All the other scholastics held Creationism as certain and differed only in regard to the censure that should be attached to the opposite error. Accordingly, Peter Lombard asserted, "The Catholic Church teaches that souls are created at their infusion into the body." Saint Thomas Aquinas is more emphatic: "It is heretical to say that the intellectual soul is transmitted by process of generation." Hugh of Saint Victor and Hilary of Poitiers were creationists. Anselm of Canterbury
12114401
Casale Monferrato


Garibaldi leads northwards to the 16th-century church of Sant'Ilario, founded in 380 in honour of Hilary of Poitiers. It was completely rebuilt in 1566 and was largely restructured towards the end of the 19th century. The church’s polychrome façade is of interest and it contains two important works by Niccolò Musso: the "Madonna del Carmine" (‘Our Lady of Mount Carmel’) and "San Francesco ai piedi del Crocefisso" (‘Saint Francis at the foot of the Crucifix’) originally from the church of San
12169585
Wirral Peninsula


other material found at Meols show that it continued to operate as a trading port. Evidence of Celtic Christianity from the 5th or 6th centuries is shown in the originally circular shape of churchyards at Bromborough, Woodchurch and elsewhere, and also in the dedication of the parish church at Wallasey to a 4th-century bishop, Hilary of Poitiers. The Celtic names of Liscard and Landican (from "llan"-"T/Decwyn") both suggest an ancient British origin. The name of Wallasey, meaning "Welsh (or foreigners') island
12869577
Eusebius of Vercelli


, as Bishop of Antioch. Unable to reconcile the factions, he continued towards home, visiting other churches along the way in the interest of promulgating and enforcing the orthodox faith. Once back in Vercelli in 363, he continued to be a leader with Hilary of Poitiers in defeating Arianism in the Western Church, and was one of the chief opponents of the Arian bishop Auxentius of Milan. He died in 370 or 371. Although in the middle ages he was sometimes referred to as a martyr, this was more to honor
15420056
Christianity in Gaul


came about. Salvianus, the fiery apologist (died c. 492), was the son of pagan parents. Hilary of Poitiers, Sulpicius Severus (the Christian Sallust), Paulinus of Nola, and Sidonius Apollinaris strove to reconcile the Church and the world of letters. Sidonius himself is not altogether free from suggestions of paganism handed down by tradition. In Gaul as elsewhere the question arose as to whether the Gospel could really adapt itself to literary culture. With the inroads of the barbarians the discussion came to an end. It
16199714
Sant'Ilario a Colombaia


Sant'Ilario a Colombaia is a Roman Catholic parish church just outside the Porta Romana, in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy. Documentation of an oratory at the site exists as early as 1072. Pilgrims would have passed by this site on the road to Rome. By the 14th century the oratory was enlarged and transformed into a church dedicated to Saint Hilary, a bishop of Poitiers who died in the fourth century. Previously, it was called "Sant'Ilario alle fonti" due to a spring previously found nearby. The name of
16318905
Sant'Ilario a Colombaia


was rebuilt in 1880. The main altar displays a ciborium from the Andrea della Robbia workshop. On the left wall is a fresco depicting "St Anthony Abbot" (circa 1400) attributed to Ambrogio di Baldese and on the right wall is a "Madonna of the Rosary with Saints Dominic and Catherine" (1707). The vault has a fresco depicting "St Hilary of Poitiers" (1713). The organ pipes on the counter-façade were built in 1842, while the organ itself was brought here in 1810
16318907
Congregation for the Causes of Saints


, from the oldest Breviaries and the Mozarabic Missal, and St. Hilary of Poitiers, as can be shown from the very ancient Mass-book known as "Missale Francorum", that they were objects of a like cultus. The reason for this veneration lies, doubtless, in the resemblance of the confessors' self-denying and heroically virtuous lives to the sufferings of the martyrs; such lives could truly be called prolonged martyrdoms. Naturally, therefore, such honour was first paid to ascetics and only afterwards to those who resembled
1877125
Joseph Hubert Reinkens


in 1848, and in 1849 graduated as doctor in theology. He was soon appointed professor of ecclesiastical history at Breslau, and in 1865 he was made rector of the university. During this period he wrote, among other treatises, monographs on Clement of Alexandria, Hilary of Poitiers and Martin of Tours. In consequence of an essay on art, especially in tragedy, after Aristotle, he was made a doctor of philosophy in the university of Leipzig. When, in 1870, the question of papal infallibility was raised, Reinkens
1878233
Llanilar


a martyr but now almost totally forgotten, or the more famous Hilary who was bishop of Poitiers in France and is still celebrated by the Anglican and Catholic churches in Wales. (The confusion is not helped by Edward Williams's numerous forgeries which he included in the "Iolo Manuscripts".) There is a Roman site just to the east. The present village was built along the southern side of the scenic River Ystwyth and contains a parish church, Nonconformist chapel, primary school, GP Surgery, and garage. Unfortunately,
20204035
Caesaropapism


However, Caesaropapism "never became an accepted principle in Byzantium." Several Eastern churchmen such as John Chrysostom, Patriarch of Constantinople and Athanasius, Patriarch of Alexandria, strongly opposed imperial control over the Church, as did Western theologians like Hilary of Poitiers and Hosius, Bishop of Córdoba. Saints, such as Maximus the Confessor, resisted the imperial power as a consequence of their witness to orthodoxy. In addition, at several occasions imperial decrees had to be withdrawn as the people of the Church, both lay people, monks and
21194009
George Newlands


, Glasgow, the Church's college within the Faculty of Divinity, from 1991 to 1997 and again from 2001 to 2007. Newlands was educated at the University of Edinburgh (MA, BD, PhD, DLitt), Heidelberg (from where he travelled to attend the final seminar of Karl Barth in Basel), Paris, Zurich, and Churchill College, Cambridge (MA). Newlands is best known for his work interpreting the love of God, particularly a Christology of divine love. In "Hilary of Poitiers: a
3399781
Semi-Arianism


supported by such men as St. Cyril of Jerusalem, his friend Silvanus of Tarsus and even Hilary of Poitiers, but they were unable to obtain their ends. Basil, Silvanus and Eleusius, therefore, went as envoys to Constantinople, where a council was held in 360, which followed Rimini in condemning "homoiousios" together with "homoousios" and allowed "homoios" alone, without addition. This new phrase was the invention of Acacius of Cæsarea, who now deserted the more extreme Arians and became leader of the new "
3465930
Joseph of Arimathea


details which are found concerning him in the apocryphal "Acta Pilati" ("Acts of Pilate"), are unworthy of credence." Hilary of Poitiers (300–367) enriched the legend, and Saint John Chrysostom (347–407), the Patriarch of Constantinople, was the first to write that Joseph was one of the Seventy Apostles appointed in Luke 10. During the late 12th century, Joseph became connected with the Arthurian cycle, appearing in them as the first keeper of the Holy Grail. This idea first appears in Robert
3609168