Casa Batlló [SEP] architect
[{"answer": "Antoni Gaud\u00ed"}]
Casa Batlló


architect that would design a house that was like no other and stood out as being audacious and creative. Both Josep and his wife were open to anything and they decided not to limit Gaudí. Josep did not want his house to resemble any of the houses of the rest of the Batlló family, such as Casa Pía, built by the Josep Vilaseca. He chose the architect who had designed Park Güell because he wanted him to come up with a risky plan. The family lived on the Noble Floor of Casa Batlló until
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Casa Batlló


the same year the Barcelona City Council selected the house as a candidate for that year's best building award. The award was given to another architect that year despite Gaudí's design. Josep Batlló died in 1934 and the house was kept in order by the wife until her death in 1940 . After the death of the two parents, the house was kept and managed by the children until 1954. In 1954 an insurance company named Seguros Iberia acquired Casa Batlló and set up offices there. In 1970, the first refurbishment occurred
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Casa Batlló


It is located on the Passeig de Gràcia in the Eixample district, and forms part of a row of houses known as the "Illa de la Discòrdia" (or "Mansana de la Discòrdia", the "Block of Discord"), which consists of four buildings by noted "Modernista" architects of Barcelona. Like everything Gaudí designed, Casa Batlló is only identifiable as Modernisme or Art Nouveau in the broadest sense. The ground floor, in particular, has unusual tracery, irregular oval windows and flowing sculpted stone work
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Confidant from the Batlló House


The Confidant from Casa Batlló, also known as the Double Sofa or Banc de dues places (Two-seater bench), is a furniture piece designed by Antoni Gaudí. Originally designed for the dining room of Casa Batlló on Barcelona's Passeig de Gràcia, the chair is currently exhibited in the Modern Art collection of the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya and at Casa Museu Gaudí (Gaudí House Museum) in Barcelona. Replicas are displayed at the Gaudí-designed Casa Batlló and Casa Milà (La Pedrera). Despite being described
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Gaudí House Museum


as well as some personal Gaudí belongings, evoke memories of when the architect lived in this house. They also host a great exhibition of furniture designed by Gaudí for buildings such as Casa Batlló, Casa Calvet, Casa Milà, Casa Vicens or the Colònia Güell’s crypt, that along with the wrought iron elements also designed by the architect - exhibited in the garden- are the most valuable objects of the collection. The collection also includes furniture, sculptures, paintings, drawings and other objects of Gaudí coworkers that are exhibited in several
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Casa Bonet (Barcelona)


for its "Modernista" architecture (most notably Antoni Gaudí's Casa Batlló of 1906), the more conservative classical style of Casa Bonet contrasts sharply with its more opulent neighbours. Casa Bonet was built in 1887 by Jaume Brossa and was known as the Casa Torruella. In 1915, Delfina Bonet commissioned the architect Marcel·lí Coquillat to redesign the facade, remodelling it in an Italianate Neo-Baroque style with a two-storey loggia and neo-baroque ornamental details decorating the upper floor lintels. Today the building is occupied by the
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Casa Batlló


that is now Casa Batlló was built in 1877, commissioned by Lluís Sala Sánchez. It was a classical building without remarkable characteristics within the eclecticism traditional by the end of the 19th century. The building had a basement, a ground floor, four other floors and a garden in the back. The house was bought by Josep Batlló in 1900. The design of the house made the home undesirable to buyers but the Batlló family decided to buy the place due to its centralized location. It is located in the middle of Passeig
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Casa Batlló


, in celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the beginning of work on Casa Batlló the fifth floor was restored, and the house extended its visit to the loft and the well. In 2005, Casa Batlló became a Unesco World Heritage Site. The roof terrace is one of the most popular features of the entire house due to its famous dragon back design. Gaudí represents an animal's spine by using tiles of different colors on one side. The roof is decorated with four chimney stacks, that are designed to prevent backdraughts
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Casa Batlló


mainly in several of the interior rooms of the house. In 1983, the exterior balconies were restored to their original colour and a year later the exterior façade was illuminated in the ceremony of La Mercè. In 1993, the current owners of Casa Batlló bought the home and continued refurbishments throughout the whole building. Two years later, in 1995, Casa Batlló began to hire out its facilities for different events. More than 2,500 square meters of rooms within the building were rented out for many different functions. Due to the building
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Joan Rubió


Joan Rubió y Bellver (; 24 April 1870 – 30 November 1952) was a Spanish architect famous for his contributions to the Catalan "Modernista" movement. Rubió was born in Reus, Province of Tarragona. He was also the brother of the military engineer Marià Rubió i Bellver and uncle of the architect Nicolau Maria Rubió i Tudurí and the engineer Santiago Rubió i Tudurí. A keen disciple of Antoni Gaudí, he collaborated with him until 1905, on such works as La Sagrada Familia, the Casa Batlló, the Casa Calvet,
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Confidant from the Batlló House


furniture for her house, he refused and even went further, eliminating marquetery and carved elements as well, techniques that were in vogue with other designers of the time. Gaudí's radical furniture designs for the Casa Batlló received acclaim from surrealist artists and especially from Salvador Dalí. Gaudí's furniture design continued to evolve after Casa Batlló as he designed buildings and spaces that presented new challenges in integrating furnishings with their surroundings. For Casa Milá (1906-1912), he wanted the walls, ceilings, balconies, door handles,
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Illa de la Discòrdia


Casa Mulleras at number 37 was comparatively restrained, adding a sober Neoclassical frontage with a Rococo-style loggia. The renovations completed in 1906 on the house at number 43 were the most striking; originally built in 1877, the house was bought by textile industrialist Josep Batlló in 1900. Following the fashion for house renovations and keen to commission a design that would be conspicuously different from his neighbours' properties, Batlló appointed the audacious Catalan "Modernista" architect Antoni Gaudí to carry out the work. Gaudí's redesign drew on Modernisme
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Eixample


La Pedrera") and the Casa Batlló, both of which are on the wide Passeig de Gràcia, as well as the Sagrada Família. Other architects who made highly significant, and certainly more numerous, contributions to giving the Eixample its characteristic appearance include Josep Puig i Cadafalch, Josep Domènech i Estapà, Josep Vilaseca i Casanovas and perhaps above all Enric Sagnier i Villavecchia, responsible for a total of over 500 buildings in the city (not all of them in the Eixample). The Casa Terrades, better known as Casa
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Eixample


de les Punxes, is replete with Mediaeval allusions that stands at the junction of Av. Diagonal with Carrer Rosselló. It was built in 1903–1905 by the "Modernista" architect Josep Puig i Cadafalch, who used Nordic Gothic and Spanish Plateresque resources side by side, along with traditional Catalan motifs. The Casa Batlló is part of a block called the Illa de la Discòrdia, along with two other notable "Modernista" works, Lluís Domènech i Montaner's Casa Lleó Morera and Josep Puig i Cadafalch's Casa Amatller. The block
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Art Nouveau


, the "Casa Batlló" (1904–1906) and "Casa Milà" (1906–1912), are most closely related to the stylistic elements of Art Nouveau. However, famous structures such as the "Sagrada Família" characteristically contrast the modernising Art Nouveau tendencies with revivalist Neo-Gothic. Casa Batlló, Casa Milà, Güell Pavilions, and Parc Güell were results of his collaboration with Josep Maria Jujol, who himself created houses in Sant Joan Despí (1913–1926), several churches near Tarragona (1918 and 1926) and the sinuous
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Casa Milà


with the bases of champagne bottles from the early twentieth century. The repair work has enabled the restoration of the original impact of the overhangs made of stone from Ulldecona with fragments of tiles. This whole set is more colorful than the facade, although here the creamy tones are dominant. Gaudí, as he had done in Casa Batlló, designed furniture specifically for the main floor. This was part of the concept artwork itself integral to modernism in which the architect assumed responsibility for global issues such as the structure and the facade,
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Casa Batlló


Casa Batlló () is a building in the center of Barcelona. It was designed by Antoni Gaudí, and is considered one of his masterpieces. A remodel of a previously built house, it was redesigned in 1904 by Gaudí and has been refurbished several times after that. Gaudí's assistants Domènec Sugrañes i Gras, Josep Canaleta and Joan Rubió also contributed to the renovation project. The local name for the building is "Casa dels ossos" (House of Bones), as it has a visceral, skeletal organic quality.
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Casa Batlló


's location and the beauty of the facilities being rented, the rooms of Casa Batlló were in very high demand and hosted many important events for the city. The local name for the building is "Casa dels ossos" (House of Bones), as it has a visceral, skeletal organic quality. The building looks very remarkable — like everything Gaudí designed, only identifiable as Modernisme or Art Nouveau in the broadest sense. The ground floor, in particular, is rather astonishing with tracery, irregular oval windows and flowing sculpted
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Casa Batlló


de Gracia, which in the early 20th century was known as a very prestigious and fashionable area. It was an area where the prestigious family could draw attention to themselves. In 1906 Josep Batlló still owned the home. The Batlló family was very well known in Barcelona for its contribution to the textile industry in the city. Mr. Josep Batlló I Casanovas was a textile industrialist who owned a few factories in the city. Mr. Batlló married Amalia Godo Belaunzaran, from the family that founded the newspaper La Vanguardia. Josep wanted an
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Batlló Majesty


in processions. Probably it comes from a church in the district of Garrotxa (Girona). It entered the museum's collection donated by Enric Batlló to the Province of Barcelona on a permanent loan, 1914. Its inventory Number is 015937-000. The cross was procured for the museum in 1914 by the collector Enric Batlló, for whom the piece is now named. It was also the same family that commissioned the construction of Casa Batlló in 1877 Barcelona, Catalonia. At the time of its first arrival at the museum
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Josep Maria Jujol


Josep Maria Jujol i Gibert (; 16 September 1879 – 1 May 1949) was a Spanish architect. Jujol's wide field of activity ranged from furniture designs and painting, to architecture. He worked with Antoni Gaudí on many of his most famous works. Among Jujol's projects are Casa Batlló, Casa Milà, Park Güell, and Our Lady of Montserrat, and among his design styles are Modernisme and Art Nouveau. Josep Maria Jujol was born in Tarragona where he lived until age 9. He was the son of Andreu Jujol
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Casa Batlló


large windows, as if they were pillars that support the complex stone structure, there are six fine columns that seem to simulate the bones of a limb, with an apparent central articulation; in fact, this is a floral decoration. The rounded shapes of the gaps and the lip-like edges carved into the stone surrounding them create a semblance of a fully open mouth, for which the Casa Batlló has been nicknamed the "house of yawns." The structure repeats on the first floor and in the design of two
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Casa Batlló


, a dining room, and a secluded spot for courting couples, decorated with a mushroom-shaped fireplace. The elaborate and animal-like décor continues throughout the whole noble floor. In 2002, the house opened its doors to the public, and people were allowed to visit the noble floor. The building was opened to the public as part of the celebration of the International Year of Gaudí. Casa Batlló met with very much unanticipated success, and visitors became eager to see the rest of the house. Two years later
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Antoni Gaudí


as Bellesguard), the Park Güell, an unsuccessful urbanisation project, and the restoration of the Cathedral of Palma de Mallorca, for which he visited Majorca several times. Between 1904 and 1910 he constructed the Casa Batlló (Batlló house) and the Casa Milà (Milá house), two of his most emblematic works. As a result of Gaudí's increasing fame, in 1902 the painter Joan Llimona chose Gaudí's features to represent Saint Philip Neri in the paintings for the aisle of the Sant Felip Neri church in Barcelona.
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Antoni Gaudí


worked for Gaudí on several of his works, such as the Batlló and Milà houses, the Park Güell and the Sagrada Família. Located at 278 Carrer Nàpols, it was a simple stone building. Around that time he also designed hexagonal hydraulic floor tiles for the Casa Batlló, they were eventually used instead for the Casa Milà; they were a green colour and were decorated with seaweed, shells and starfish. These tiles were subsequently chosen to pave Barcelona's Passeig de Gràcia. Also in 1904 he built the Chalet de Catllaràs
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Confidant from the Batlló House


in favor of simple "comfort and utility." From this point on, his furniture designs feature "solid forms and simple profiles," sometimes suggesting the simple lines of medieval furniture design while still containing his trademark "sinuous and zigzagging lines." The furniture that Gaudí designed for his renovation of Casa Batlló (1904-1906) is much more simplified than any of his designs for previous projects, eliminating all ornamentation and upholstery while emphasizing practicality and functionality. Whereas his furniture for Casa Calvet still retained recognizable callbacks to traditional
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Casa Batlló


the middle of the 1950s. In 1904 Josep Batlló hired Gaudí to design his home; at first his plans were to tear down the building and construct a completely new house. Gaudí convinced Josep that a renovation was sufficient and was also able to submit the planning application the same year. The building was completed and refurbished in 1906. He completely changed the main apartment which became the residence for the Batlló family. He expanded the central well in order to supply light to the whole building and also added new floors. In
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Confidant from the Batlló House


design, the Casa Batlló furniture broke away entirely from tradition, with shapes that gave the appearance of being molded with soft material and tables and benches that were broken up into multiple sections instead of having solid surfaces. Benches and chairs such as the confidant not only had seats that were rounded to fit the human form, but also had sizes and shapes that allowed them to fit perfectly against the wall where they were meant to be placed. Even though Mrs. Batlló begged Gaudí to add traditional upholstery and other textile elements to the
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Josep Maria Jujol


revived. In 1906 he received his certificate as an architect and was able to work on his own. One of his first projects was to decorate Don Antoni's entrance stairway with his trademark sgraffito. Jujol became acquainted with Antoni Gaudí through their mutual friend, Dr. Santaló. Gaudí soon worked in partnership with Jujol. Their first project together was Casa Batlló. It is speculated in Jujol's biography that he had a great influence on Gaudí's use of colour and shapes. However, this is not for certain. In any
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Casa Trinxet


style appearance, like the commissioned by Trinxet to the Rigalt, Granell y Cía. firm in 1910–1912, following instructions from Joaquín Mir Trinxet. The Casa Trinxet was demolished in 1968 despite attempts by artists and intellectuals to save it for conversion into a museum of Modernism, in the period of Porcioles council, for the builders Nuñez i Navarro. Lastly, movements were late to save Casa Trinxet. Mentioned in more than two dozen books, including: Antecedents of Casa Trinxet were Casa Amatller and Casa Batlló. In the first case
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Palau Baró de Quadras


facades, Diagonal and Rosselló. The palace is situated in the "Quadrat d'or," where are placed the most important Modernista buildings as Casa Milà – La Pedrera, Casa Batlló and Casa Calvet designed by Antoni Gaudí, Casa Amatller and Casa de les Punxes created by Josep Puig i Cadafalch or Casa Lleó Morera designed by Lluís Domènech i Montaner. The Avinguda Diagonal façade has one of the most impressive Gothic revival balconies seen in Modernista architecture. The artisans Alfons Juyol and Eusebi Arnau used carved stone for their design. The rear
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Casa Batlló


the “ribcage” design of the arches is a ribcage for the dragon's spine that is represented in the roof. The noble floor is larger than seven-hundred square meters. It is the main floor of the building. The noble floor is accessed through a private entrance hall that utilizes skylights resembling tortoise shells and vaulted walls in curving shapes. On the noble floor, there is a spacious landing with direct views to the blue tiling of the building well. On the Passeig de Gracia side is Mr. Batlló's study
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Illa de la Discòrdia


Neo-Baroque style which is overshadowed by more opulent neighbouring properties. The houses are the Casa Lleó-Morera, at Passeig de Gràcia 35, designed by Lluís Domènech i Montaner; Casa Mulleras, at Passeig de Gràcia 37, designed by Enric Sagnier; Casa Bonet, at Passeig de Gràcia 39, designed by Marcel·lí Coquillat i Llofriu; Casa Amatller, at Passeig de Gràcia 41, designed by Josep Puig i Cadafalch; and Casa Batlló, at Passeig de Gràcia 43, designed by Antoni Gaudí. Due to the presence
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Casa Mulleras


its "Modernista" architecture (most notably Antoni Gaudí's Casa Batlló of 1906), the more sober Neoclassical style of Casa Mulleras contrasts sharply with its more opulent neighbours. The Ramon Comas house was originally built by Pau Martorell in 1868. In 1906 it was acquired by Ramon Mulleras who commissioned Enric Sagnier to renovate the facade. While Sagnier's architectural portfolio included buildings designed in a variety of styles, including Gothic Revival and the Modernista style, he redesigned Casa Mulleras in a Neoclassical style, completing his work in 1911.
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Casa Milà


his car from La Pedrera. For the floors of Casa Milà, Gaudí used a model of floor forms of square timbers with two colors, and the hydraulic pavement hexagonal pieces of blue and sea motifs that had originally been designed for the Batllo house. The wax was designed in gray by John Bertrand under the supervision of Gaudí who "touched up with their own fingers," in the words of the manufacturer Josep Bay. Like in Casa Batlló, Gaudí shows the application of the catenary arch as a support structure for the
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Marceliano Coquillat


this block had been remodelled in a variety of clashing styles of the "Modernista" movement, giving the row of houses the nickname the "Illa de la Discòrdia" ("Mansana de la Discòrdia"). Coquillat moved away from the outlandish forms of "Modernisme" and chose instead to style the facade along relatively conservative Italianate Neo-Baroque lines. In contrast to the neighbouring Casa Amatller (Cadafalch, 1900) and Casa Batlló (Gaudí, 1904), Coquillat's Casa Bonet is generally overlooked. The town of
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Antoni Gaudí


stained glass, placing a large canopy above the main altar and completing the decoration with paintings. This was coordinated by Joan Rubió i Bellver, Gaudí's assistant. Josep Maria Jujol and the painters Joaquín Torres García, Iu Pascual and Jaume Llongueras were also involved. Gaudí abandoned the project in 1914 due to disagreements with the Cathedral chapter. Among Gaudí's largest and most striking works is the Casa Batlló (1904–1906). Commissioned by Josep Batlló i Casanovas to renovate an existing building erected in 1875 by Emili Sala Cortés, Gaudí
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Confidant from the Batlló House


level of "disorder." By the time he was designing furniture for Casa Calvet (1898-1899), Gaudí was creating "fluid and abstract" designs that would bring out the grain, texture, and color of the wood but also produce "clarity of structure and cleanliness of construction." Constructed of oak in the Casas i Bardés workshops, the pieces— including chairs, benches, a table, a desk, a stool, and a mirror with a gilded frame— display Gaudí's move towards fluid,
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Casa Milà


, the project was presented to the Barcelona City Council and the works began, demolishing the pre-existing building instead of reforming it, as in the case of the Casa Batlló. The building was completed in December 1910 and the owner asked Gaudí to make a certificate to inhabit the main floor, which the City Council authorized in October 1911, and the couple moved in. On October 31, 1912, Gaudí issued the certificate stating that, in accordance with his plans and his direction, the work had been completed and
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Mandarin Oriental, Barcelona


, Barcelona also includes The Spa at Mandarin Oriental, Barcelona and five restaurants and bars, including Moments, a Catalan restaurant headed up by Carme Ruscalleda, a Michelin starred chef. Mandarin Oriental, Barcelona is located in the city’s commercial and entertainment district on Passeig de Gràcia. Several of the city’s major tourist attractions are located close to the hotel, including the Gothic Quarter, Las Ramblas, and Gaudi's Casa Milà (“La Pedrera”) and Casa Batlló. A number of Barcelona's museums, churches and
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Culture of Barcelona


which can be seen throughout the city. His best known work is the immense but still unfinished church of the Sagrada Família, which has been under construction since 1882, and is still financed by private donations: as of 2007, completion is planned for 2026. Other examples of his work are the Palau Güell, the Park Güell, the Casa Milà (La Pedrera) and the Casa Batlló. Many turn-of-the-century buildings were constructed in the context of the huge widening of the city which came with
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Can Batlló (La Bordeta)


oldest one, retired in 1876 and added his sons to the enterprise. Joan Batlló opted for dissolving the partnership and leaving the factory on Urgell street in the hands of Feliu's sons: Frederic, Enric, Àngel, Pia, and Dolors Batlló i Batlló. They named this new partnership "Batlló i Batlló", which had many labour problems and lasted until 1889. Joan Batlló and his nephews Domènec and Romà Batlló i Sunyol (sons of Joan's brother Domènec, who died in 1866) created the factory in La
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Can Batlló (La Bordeta)


fabrics"". Can Batlló employed 950 workers and had a more stable activity than its competence "Batlló i Batlló". In 1892 Joan Batlló i Barrera died, unmarried, and with no descendants. His nephews, Romà and Domènec Batlló i Sunyol continued the business under the name ""Sobrinos de Juan Batlló"". In 1898 they had already doubled the power of the factory to 1,200 horsepower, which counted now on 32,000 spinning combs and 900 looms, and they had bought new machinery for the printing section.
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Apple of Discord


rarely "Erisapfel"; the Dutch is "twistappel" ("Strife-apple"). In the Eixample district of Barcelona, there is a block nicknamed in Spanish "La manzana de la discordia" (). The reason for this usage is that "manzana" means both "apple" and "city block" in Spanish. It was so named ("block of discord") because it features four different interpretations of "Modernisme" architecture: Antoni Gaudí's Casa Batlló, Lluís Domènech i Montaner's
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Casa Batlló


. There are few straight lines, and much of the façade is decorated with a colorful mosaic made of broken ceramic tiles (trencadís). The roof is arched and was likened to the back of a dragon or dinosaur. A common theory about the building is that the rounded feature to the left of centre, terminating at the top in a turret and cross, represents the lance of Saint George (patron saint of Catalonia, Gaudí's home), which has been plunged into the back of the dragon. The building
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Can Batlló (La Bordeta)


was a printing, bleaching, and cotton-weaving spinning mill founded in 1878 in Sants neighbourhood, which Barcelona had recently annexed. The factory was established by Joan Batlló i Barrera, one of the brothers of the powerful Batlló family. In 1866, Joan Batlló formed a partnership with his brothers under the name of "Batlló Germans". They created the big factory Can Batlló on Urgell street, in the Eixample of Barcelona. Two of the four founder brothers, Domènec and Jacint, died in 1866. Feliu, the
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Casa Batlló


stone work. It seems that the goal of the designer was to avoid straight lines completely. Much of the façade is decorated with a mosaic made of broken ceramic tiles (trencadís) that starts in shades of golden orange moving into greenish blues. The roof is arched and was likened to the back of a dragon or dinosaur. A common theory about the building is that the rounded feature to the left of centre, terminating at the top in a turret and cross, represents the lance of Saint George (patron saint of
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Casa Batlló


, with the color grading from green on the right side, where the head begins, to deep blue and violet in the center, to red and pink on the left side of the building. One of the highlights of the facade is a tower topped with a cross of four arms oriented to the cardinal directions. It is a bulbous, root-like structure that evokes plant life. There is a second bulb-shaped structure similarly reminiscent of a thalamus flower, which is represented by a cross with arms that are
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Casa Batlló


Catalonia, Gaudí's home), which has been plunged into the back of the dragon. The loft is considered to be one of the most unusual spaces. It was formerly a service area for the tenants of the different apartments in the building which contained laundry rooms and storage areas. It is known for its simplicity of shapes and its Mediterranean influence through the use of white on the walls. It contains a series of sixty catenary arches that creates a space which represents the ribcage of an animal. Some people believe that
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Casa Batlló


. The facade has three distinct sections which are harmoniously integrated. The lower ground floor with the main floor and two first-floor galleries are contained in a structure of Montjuïc sandstone with undulating lines. The central part, which reaches the last floor, is a multicolored section with protruding balconies. The top of the building is a crown, like a huge gable, which is at the same level as the roof and helps to conceal the room where there used to be water tanks. This room is currently empty. The
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Casa Batlló


actually buds announcing the next flowering. The tower is decorated with monograms of Jesus (JHS), Maria (M with the ducal crown) and Joseph (JHP), made of ceramic pieces that stand out golden on the green background that covers the facade. These symbols show the deep religiosity of Gaudi, who was inspired by the contemporaneous construction of his basilica to choose the theme of the holy family. The bulb was broken when it was delivered, perhaps during transportation. Although the manufacturer committed to re-do the
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Casa Batlló


during their stay in Majorca, while working on the restoration of the Cathedral of Palma. Finally, above the central part of the facade is a smaller balcony, also iron, with a different exterior aesthetic, closer to a local type of lily. Two iron arms were installed here to support a pulley to raise and lower furniture. The facade of the main floor, made entirely in sandstone, and is supported by two columns. The design is complemented by joinery windows set with multicolored stained glass. In front of the
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Casa Batlló


broken parts, Gaudí liked the aesthetic of the broken masonry and asked that the pieces be stuck to the main structure with lime mortar and held in with a brass ring. The central part of the facade evokes the surface of a lake with water lilies, reminiscent of Monet's Nymphéas, with gentle ripples and reflections caused by the glass and ceramic mosaic. It is a great undulating surface covered with plaster fragments of colored glass discs combined with 330 rounds of polychrome pottery. The discs were designed by Gaudí and Jujol between tests
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Fiesta (The Pogues song)


. The lyrics refer to the Spanish city of Almería, as well as former bassist Cait O'Riordan's departure from the group, and subsequent marriage to Elvis Costello. The music video was directed by popular British comedian and actor Adrian Edmondson, and filmed on the roof of Casa Batlló in Barcelona. "Fiesta" was the last Pogues singles to make the United Kingdom Top 30, while MacGowan was with the band. The song is a live highlight, and has been included in most setlists since its release, often as the
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Antoni Gaudí


illumination, in order to optimise them. With regard to light, he stated: Lighting also served Gaudí for the organisation of space, which required a careful study of the gradient of light intensity to adequately adapt to each specific environment. He achieved this with different elements such as skylights, windows, shutters and blinds; a notable case is the gradation of colour used in the atrium of the Casa Batlló to achieve uniform distribution of light throughout the interior. He also tended to build south-facing houses to maximise sunlight.
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Antoni Gaudí


theatre imitated a cave, inspired by the Coves del Drac (Dragon's Caves) in Mallorca. Also for Graner he designed a detached house in the Bonanova district of Barcelona, of which only the foundations and the main gate were built, with three openings: for people, vehicles and birds; the building would have had a structure similar to the Casa Batlló or the porter's lodge of the Park Güell. The same year he built a workshop, the Taller Badia, for Josep and Lluís Badia Miarnau, blacksmiths who
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Casa Batlló


top displays a trim with ceramic pieces that has attracted multiple interpretations. The roof's arched profile recalls the spine of a dragon with ceramic tiles for scales, and a small triangular window towards the right of the structure simulates the eye. Legend has it that it was once possible to see the Sagrada Familia through this window, which was being built simultaneously. The view of the Sagrada Familia is now blocked from this vantage point by newer buildings. The tiles were given a metallic sheen to simulate the varying scales of the monster
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Confidant from the Batlló House


as a bench, the confidant is in fact composed of several pieces and does not resemble the classic linear bench with a single solid seat. Instead, two individual seats are divided by a shared central armrest, and each seat is slightly angled away from the armrest. Because of the angled seats, the confidant has three legs in the front, with the center front leg shared by both seats, but only two legs in the back. Constructed in ash wood in the Casas i Bardés workshops, the curved, organic shapes
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Can Batlló (La Bordeta)


Can Batlló, or the old Joan Batlló Factory is a former industrial complex located close to the Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, near the square known as Plaça Cerdà. It is composed of the facilities set up for the textile factory created in 1878 by Joan Batlló i Barrera. Towards the end of the 19th century it livened up the La Bordeta neighbourhood in Barcelona. The project was the work of engineer Juan Antonio Molinero. "Fábrica de Hilados y Tejidos de Algodón, Blanqueo, estampados y aprestos de Juan Batlló"
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Enric Bernat


a fortune to do the logo. In the 1980s Bernat failed a take-over of the insurance company Iberia de Seguros to fund a new Catalan investment bank. Despite the loss, he gained ownership of Gaudi's Casa Batlló. In 1991 he passed formal control of Chupa Chups to his son Xavier. The Smint subsidiary brand/company was founded in 1994. Together with his wife Nuria Serra he had three sons and two daughters, all surviving him. Bernat died aged 80 at home in Barcelona on December 27, 2003
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Robert Seppings


Sir Robert Seppings, FRS (11 December 176725 April 1840) was an English naval architect. Seppings was born to Robert and Lydia Seppings at Fakenham, Norfolk, on 11 December 1767 and baptised three days later. In 1782 he was apprenticed in HMNB Devonport, Plymouth. In 1800, when he had risen to be master shipwright assistant in the yard, he invented a device which greatly reduced the time required to repair the lower portions of ships in dry dock when compared with the laborious process of lifting then in vogue.
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Batlló Majesty


The Batlló Majesty (, ) is a large 12th-century Romanesque wooden crucifix, now in the National Art Museum of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain. It is one of the most elaborate examples in Catalonia of an image of Christ on the Cross symbolizing his triumph over death. The Batlló Majesty is a 12th-century Romanesque polychrome wood carving now in the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya in Barcelona, Catalonia. The Batlló Majesty is one of the finest and best-preserved examples of these Catalan sculptures. Carved wooden images were
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Confidant from the Batlló House


1984 and 2005, seven of his works were declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Gaudí’s Roman Catholic faith intensified during his life and religious images permeate his work. This earned him the nickname "God's Architect" and led to calls for his beatification. Though Gaudí is known primarily as an architect, he often applied his design skills to the furniture and interior decorations of the homes and buildings he renovated or constructed, such as "cupboards, tables, seats of every kind, priedieus, screens, mirrors, windows
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Casa del Herrero


with the goal of restoring and preserving the house and grounds. Casa del Herrero (Spanish for "House of the Blacksmith") was designed for George Fox Steedman and his wife, who were moving west from St. Louis, by architect George Washington Smith. The residence was completed in 1925, and the Steedmans moved into it the same day as the Santa Barbara earthquake. Steedman - an industrialist, engineer, and amateur architect - assembled a team of architects, landscape architects, antiquarians, and horticulturists to produce the Casa del
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Sep Ruf


Sep Ruf (full name Franz Joseph Ruf; 9 March 1908, in Munich – 29 July 1982, in Munich) was a German architect and designer, belonging to the Bauhaus group. He was one of the representatives of modern architecture in Germany after World War II. His elegant buildings received high credits in Germany and Europe and his German pavilion of the Expo 58 in Brussels, built together with Egon Eiermann, achieved worldwide recognition. He attended the Interbau 1957 in Berlin-Hansaviertel and was one of the three architects who
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Casa Trinxet


Casa Trinxet was a building designed by the Catalan Modernisme architect Josep Puig i Cadafalch (also architect of Casa Amatller) and built during the years 1902–1904, officially considered completed in 1904. It was located at the crossroads of Carrer Balmes and Carrer del Consell de Cent, in the "Eixample" district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Casa Trinxet was "one of the jewels of Barcelona Modernisme" and one of the buildings of Barcelona's Illa de la Discòrdia ("Block of Discord"), because of competing attitudes
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Can Batlló (La Bordeta)


a proposal giving more land to the construction of housing, with a total of 1,377 houses and 21 facilities, one of which is the new headquarters of the Environment and Housing Office of the Government of Catalonia. The "Can Batlló és per al Barri" Platform (Can Batlló is for the Neighbourhood) set 11 June 2011 as the date for the City Council to start the transformation process of the industrial estate so that it would be open to the neighbourhood. Within this context, the La Bordeta residents' committee and the
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Casa de les Punxes


The Casa de les Punxes or Casa Terradas is a building designed by the modernist architect Josep Puig i Cadafalch. Located in the intersection between the streets of Rosselló, Bruc and the Avinguda Diagonal in the Barcelona Eixample area. Designed by modernist architect Josep Puig i Cadafalch, la Casa de les Punxes is located in the intersection of the three surrounding streets Avinguda Diagonal, Carrer Rosselló and Carrer Bruc, in the Eixample of Barcelona. In 1905, Bartomeu Terradas Brutau commissioned Josep Puig i Cadafalch to design a house for each of his
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Can Batlló (La Bordeta)


company in 1926 under the name "Nebots de Joan Batlló, SA", and opened its headquarters on Trafalgar street.Ten years later, the Civil War broke out in 1936, and the Batllós had to go into exile to France fearing for their lives. In such circumstances in which the control was missing and hundreds of workers were distressed about their uncertain subsistence, the employees themselves decided to drive forward the production and designate a temporary director. They all agreed to appoint mere employee Policarp Prats Montsalvatje (1884-1982)
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Holy Face of Lucca


"), which was built in 1484 by Matteo Civitali, the sculptor-architect of Lucca, to contain it. The "tempietto" stands in the right-hand nave of the cathedral of San Martino in Lucca, Italy. Copies of a similar size from the 12th century are found widely spread across Europe. These include the Cross of Imervard in the Brunswick Cathedral at Braunschweig, Germany, the Holy Face of Sansepolcro at Sansepolcro, Italy and possibly the Batlló Crucifix of Barcelona, Spain. In the traditional account,
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Pere Caselles i Tarrats


Pere Caselles i Tarrats (1 November 1864 - 28 July 1935) was a Spanish Catalan Modernist architect. Born at Reus, he studied in Barcelona where he graduated in architecture in 1889. He worked mostly in his native town of Reus, designing civil buildings and private residences. These include the Casa Grau, Casa Iglesias, Casa Munné, Casa Pinyol, Casa Querol, Casa Sardà, Casa Tomàs Jordi, Casa Punyet, Casa Seharra, Casa Tarrats and the Prat de la Riba public school. He was assassinated during the
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Arthur Casas


an architect more and more connected with the environment and thinking in sustainability. Arthur Casas directs a studio of architecture in São Paulo which takes his own name, and due to its work on projects in the majority of cities in the world, it is regularly referred to in the main, specialized publications of the discipline such as the “e-architect". Arthur Casas has participated in two Biennials of Architecture in São Paulo, 1997 and 2003 and at the Biennial of Buenos Aires in 2003, 2005 and 2007. In
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Confidant from the Batlló House


that wood alone could not provide, Gaudí used iron elements to support the structure of the bench. Art Nouveau is an international philosophy and style of art, architecture and applied art—especially the decorative arts—that were most popular during 1890–1910. The name "Art Nouveau" is French for "new art". A reaction to academic art of the 19th century, it was inspired by natural forms and structures, not only in flowers and plants but also in curved lines. Architects tried to harmonize with the natural environment
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Confidant from the Batlló House


. It is also considered a philosophy of design of furniture, which was designed according to the whole building and made part of ordinary life. In Spain, the style was based mainly in Barcelona and was an essential element of the Catalan Modernisme, often understood as an equivalent to a number of fin-de-siècle art movements, such as Art Nouveau, Jugendstil, Secessionism, and Liberty style. Architect Antoni Gaudí, whose decorative architectural style is so personal that he is sometimes considered as practising an artistic style different from
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Casa dos Bicos


, who began using the building as a warehouse for salted codfish. The building remained in private hands until the 1960s, when it was acquired by the municipal council of Lisbon. The council commissioned architect Raul Lino to adapt the "Casa dos Bicos", then known as the "Casa de Goa", for use as a museum. The project was still unrealized by 1979, and passed to architects José Daniel Santa-Rita Fernandes and Manuel Vicente. Once again, the project was never completed, and in 1982,
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Casa Bizantina


The Don Lorenzo del Rosario House, also known as Casa Bizantina, is a heritage house museum originally located at San Nicolas, Manila. It was transferred and reconstructed in 2009 at Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar, Bagac, Bataan. It was designed by a Catalan architect , in 1890. It is the only existing building designed by the Architect Arizmendi in the Philippines. In addition to that, it was cited by Tribune magazine in 1939 despite its neglected state. Spanish Army Captain Esteban de Peñarubia modernized the Binondo area, especially
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Arthur Casas


Arthur Casas Mattos is a Brazilian architect, who graduated in Architecture and Urbanism at the of São Paulo, 1983. He heads the Studio Arthur Casas, with offices in São Paulo and New York City. The architect, together with his team at the studio, work in almost all areas of an architectural project from the planning and implementation of constructions as much as interiors. From residential architecture to commercial and more recently, institutional, even the design of the furniture, establishing coherence between the space, objects and people. His
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Casa Navàs


Casa Navàs is a modernist building in the city of Reus, Catalonia, Spain. Casa Navàs is a building designed by Catalan architect Lluís Domènech i Montaner, located in the city's Plaça del Mercadal. Joaquim Navàs Padró of Reus contracted Lluís Domènech i Muntaner as the architect of his new house. The building was constructed from 1901 to 1908. The building had a tower on the left facade, but it was destroyed by bombing by Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War and never rebuilt. Inside the building is a very
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Confidant from the Batlló House


of the confidant's seats and backrests are meant to mimic the shape of the seated person's body, and the lack of ornamentation highlights the natural grain and texture of the wood. Antoni Gaudí (25 June 1852 – 10 June 1926) was a Spanish Catalan architect and figurehead of Catalan Modernism. Gaudí's works reflect his highly individual and distinctive style and are largely concentrated in the Catalan capital of Barcelona, notably his magnum opus, the Sagrada Família. Much of Gaudí's work was marked by his four life passions:
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Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya


the Amatller, Lleó Morera and Batlló houses in Barcelona's Passeig de Gràcia; objets d'art in various specialities, such as ironwork, ceramics, glasswork and jewellery; not forgetting several items of furniture by Joan Busquets and the architect Josep Maria Jujol. The second movement richly represented in the Museu Nacional modern art collection is Noucentisme, which embodies the quest for the essential spirit of the Mediterranean. The movement is represented by the classical compositions of Joaquín Torres García and Joaquim Sunyer, vaguely influenced by Cézanne, and the sculptural nudes of
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Casabella


Casabella is a monthly Italian architectural and product design magazine with a focus on modern, radical design and architecture. It includes interviews with the world's most prominent architects. Casabella was founded in 1928 at Milan by Guido Marangoni. Its initial name was La Casa Bella (The Beautiful Home). In 1933, the architect Giuseppe Pagano became editor, changing the name to "Casa Bella". Subsequently, the architect Ernesto Nathan Rogers, who editedthe magazine from 1953 to 1965, changed the name further to "Casabella Continuità"
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Stern


called for "fashioning" the after part of the ship. This frame is designed to support the various beams that make up the stern. In 1817 the British naval architect Sir Robert Seppings first introduced the concept of the round or "circular" stern. The square stern had been an easy target for enemy cannon, and could not support the weight of heavy stern chase guns. But Seppings' design left the rudder head exposed, and was regarded by many as simply ugly—no American warships were designed with such sterns
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Over My Dead Body (Ramon Casas)


change society ("Modernista" architects and designers, playwrights inspired by Henrik Ibsen, some of Maragall's poetry, etc.) In 1931, Josep M. Jorda wrote the publication Ramon Casas, Pintor, based on personal friendship with the artist. J.F. Radols wrote a two volume critical assessment of the artists life: Ramon Casas, pintor and Ramon Casas, Dibuiante. The most recent text on Casas is a retrospective catalog entitled, Ramon Casas, and is sponsored by Barcelona's City Hall. This includes several short analytical essays
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Casa Roig Museum


of the architect Louis Sullivan, but especially the unique style of the renowned American architect Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959). The house was inhabited until 1956. From then on it remained closed until August 13, 1977 when the heirs of Antonio Roig donated the residence to the University of Puerto Rico who adopted the mission to restore and preserve the structure. The work of restoration was carried out by the architects Otto Reyes and Tom Marvel over a period of 10 years. Casa Roig opened its doors to the public in 1989 and
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Casa Bloc


The Casa Bloc is a residential building built between 1932 and 1936 found in the Sant Andreu district of the city of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). Its architects were Josep Lluís Sert (1902–1983), Josep Torres Clavé (1906–1939) and Joan Baptista Subirana (1904–1978), all members of GATCPAC "(Catalan Group of Architects and Technicians for the Progress of Contemporary Architecture)". Catalan architects of the Second Republic, brought together by the GATCPAC, proposed a new way of living that was just, accommodated co-
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Confidant from the Batlló House


20th centuries. His work transcended mainstream Modernisme, culminating in an organic style inspired by nature. Gaudí rarely drew detailed plans of his works, instead preferring to create them as three-dimensional scale models and molding the details as he was conceiving them. Gaudí’s work enjoys widespread international appeal and many studies are devoted to understanding his architecture. Today, his work finds admirers among architects and the general public alike. His masterpiece, the still-uncompleted Sagrada Família, is one of the most visited monuments in Spain. Between
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Theophilus P. Chandler Jr.


Theophilus Parsons Chandler Jr. (Sep 7, 1845– August 16, 1928) was an American architect of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He spent his career at Philadelphia, and is best remembered for his churches and country houses. He founded the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania (1890), and served as its first head. Born in Boston on 7 Sep 1845, the son of Theophilus Parsons Chandler and his wife Elizabeth J Schlatter, Chandler was educated at Harvard University and in the atelier of
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Casa Grande Stone Church


Casa Grande Stone Church is a church located at 110 West Florence Boulevard in Casa Grande, Arizona. The church was originally built by Michael Sullivan, a local stonemason. It was the largest fieldstone building to be built by Sullivan in Casa Grande and served as the First Presbyterian Church of that town. Sullivan built the structure with the help of Los Angeles architect Robert Orr. The first service held in the church, with its glittering copper-plated dome, was in January 1928. The Casa Grande Historical Society acquired the Stone
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Casa Grande Woman's Club Building


free school lunch program. In 1962 they organized the "Casa Grande Valley Historical Society". The Casa Grande Woman's Club disbanded in 2006. The Casa Grande Woman's Club Building was designed by Tucson architect Henry Jaastad and built by Michael Sullivan. It is a cobblestone-faced building, built in 1924 in the Pueblo Revival style. The Club Building was constructed with stones donated by club members, obtained from the nearby desert. In 1997 the Woman's Club sold the building to Casa Grande for $1.00. The
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Casa Vilaplana


The Casa Vilaplana "("Vilaplana house")" is a private building at 8 Joan Cantó street in the city center of Alcoy (Alicante), Valencian Community, Spain. The building was designed by the Valencian architect Vicente Pascual Pastor in 1906. It is an example of Valencian Art Nouveau architecture of the early twentieth century. It was commissioned by Enrique Vilaplana Juliá, president of the Alcoy's Savings bank, for his reivate residence. In the proximities it got up with posteriority realized by the same architect, the
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Casa Casuarina


The Villa, Casa Casuarina, also known as the Versace Mansion, is an American property built in 1930, renowned for being owned by Italian fashion impresario Gianni Versace from 1992 until his death, located on Ocean Drive in the Miami Beach Architectural District, Florida. Since 2015, it has operated as a luxury hotel known as The Villa, Casa Casuarina. The Villa Casa Casuarina was built in 1930 by Ronin Wolf. in Mediterranean Revival style, commissioned by architect Alden Freeman. There is a rumor that during construction a time
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Casa Loma


Casa Loma (Spanish for "Hill House") is a Gothic Revival style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark. It was constructed from 1911 to 1914 as a residence for financier Sir Henry Pellatt. The architect was E. J. Lennox, who designed several other city landmarks. Casa Loma sits at an elevation of above sea level. Due to its unique architectural character in Toronto, Casa Loma has been a popular filming location for movies and television. It
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Sant Benet de Bages


in Spain were required to render up their possessions. The crumbling ancient structure attracted the interest of intellectuals who organised visits to it in the late nineteenth century. The architect Puig i Cadafalch and the painter Ramon Casas encouraged the mother of Casas to buy the property in 1907; in 1910 it passed into the hands of Casas, who commissioned Puig i Cadafalch to restore it. Since 2000, when it was purchased from Casas' heirs it has belonged to Caixa Manresa (now CatalunyaCaixa), a financial institution that has undertaken its
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Fundació Vila Casas


meaning artists who live or work in Catalonia, by means of: Since 1998 the headquarters of the Fundació Vila Casas have been located on the first floor of the Modernist building Casa Felip, at Ausiàs Marc Street, number 20, Barcelona. Originally it was the residence of the Felip family, who commissioned the architect Telm Fernández to build it in 1901. Years later it was designated a site of local cultural heritage by the Barcelona city council.Presently the first floor housing the H.Q. of the Fundació Vila Casas is not open
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Casa View, Dallas


2016 issue. In the 1960s Casa View was mostly White and Protestant and Roman Catholic. By the early 1990s it became mostly Hispanic. Today, Casa View is a diverse and progressive neighborhood with a high concentration of single-family homes, including one of the city's largest enclaves of mid-century modern homes designed by famed architect Cliff May. The hub of shopping activity in the area, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s, was Casa View Shopping Center. Sears opened a store in there at Gus Thomasson Road and Ferguson
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Casa Rull (Reus)


The Casa Rull is a building located at Carrer de Sant Joan, 27, 43201 in Reus, Catalonia, Spain. Since 1925, the City Council of Reus has owned the building, and is currently the headquarters of the Institute of Cultural Action for Reus. The building was designed in 1900 by the Modernist architect Lluís Domènech i Montaner and commissioned by the notary Pere Rull i Trilla of Reus. In 1996, it was renovated by the local architect Joan Figuerola. The building is in the Modernist style and has architectural,
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Libertador Building


Pibernat, chief architect of the General Engineers' Office, for its design. Pibernat's plans, submitted in 1935, called for twin buildings east and west of the presidential offices at the Casa Rosada. Ultimately, however, these plans were dropped in favor of imposing new headquarters on a 3 ha (8 ac) lot east of the Casa Rosada. Designed by Ministry of Public Works architects Enrique Lopardo, Néstor Pastrana, and Héctor Campini, the twenty-story, 82,625 m² (889,000 ft²) building would be the
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Gaudí Centre


Gaudí Centre is a museum in Reus, Catalonia, Spain, dedicated to the architect Antoni Gaudí i Cornet, who was born in the city in 1852. The museum was designed by architects Joan Sibina, Toshiake Tange, and Gabriel Bosques, and was opened in May 2007. The building is located on the market square in Reus, where the Modernist buildings Casa Navàs and Casa Pinyol, and the town hall are also located. The museography design and the audio visual integrated systems were carried out by the specialized company Sono Tecnologia
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Girona


some businesses well known for their history like the Café Royal, Cinema Albéniz and Casa Marieta Characteristic of Girona are the picturesque houses overlooking the river Onyar. These were built over many years and give the flavour of a small Mediterranean city. The façades are painted according to a palette created by Enric Ansesa, James J. Faixó and the architects Fuses and J. Viader. One of these houses (at Ballesteries 29, Girona) is Casa Masó, the birthplace of the architect Rafael Masó and an example of Noucentisme in Girona. Since
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Casa Campanini


Casa Campanini ("House Campanini") is an art nouveau building in Milan, Italy, located at 11, Via Bellini. It was completed between 1903 and 1906 by architect Alfredo Campanini, who later inhabited the building. A main visual feature of the buildings are the concrete caryatids, located at its main entrance, by the sculptor Michele Vedani, which represent a reference to those of Palazzo Castiglioni (by architect Giuseppe Sommaruga), another art nouveau building in Milan. The wrought iron gate, designed by Campanini and created
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