Engelbert II of Berg [SEP] canonization status
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Engelbert II of Berg


Count Engelbert II of Berg, also known as Saint Engelbert, Engelbert of Cologne, Engelbert I, Archbishop of Cologne or Engelbert I of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne (1185 or 1186, Schloss Burg – 7 November 1225, Gevelsberg) was archbishop of Cologne and a saint; he was notoriously murdered by a member of his own family. Engelbert was born in 1185 or 1186 in Schloss Burg (present ), the younger son of Count Engelbert I of Berg and his wife Margarete of Guelders. He was educated at the
20125655
Adolf VI, Count of Berg


Count Adolf VI of Berg (born before 1176 – died 7 August 1218 at Damiette during the Hungarian crusade against Egypt) ruled the County of Berg from 1197 until 1218. He was the son of Engelbert I of Berg and Margaret of Geldern, and the oldest brother of Engelbert II of Berg (1185–1225), also known as Engelbert of Cologne or Saint Engelbert. Adolf married Berta von Sayn (died 1244), a daughter of Henry II von Sayn and Agnes zu Saffenberg. They had one daughter: In 1212 Adolf
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Engelbert II of Berg


Dukes of Limburg and their allies the County of Cleves. Engelbert in turn set up alliances with Brabant and Namur. Engelbert also defended his personal inheritance as Count of Berg against Duke Waleran III of Limburg. In 1218 Engelbert's elder brother Count Adolf VI of Berg died on the Fifth Crusade without a male heir. Waleran considered himself entitled to inherit the County of Berg because his son Henry was married to Irmgard of Berg, Adolf's only daughter. According to the Salic law, however, Engelbert was the heir. He
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Engelbert II of Berg


when examined, found to have forty-seven wounds. Engelbert's body was buried in Cologne Cathedral on 24 February 1226 by order of Cardinal Conrad of Urach, the papal legate, who declared him a martyr, though a formal canonization did not take place. His remains are preserved today in a Baroque shrine prepared on the authority of Ferdinand of Bavaria, archbishop of Cologne, who in 1618 also ordered the celebration of his feast on 7 November. This article is in part based on a translation of the article in the
20125665
Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück


choice of the cathedral clergy; Philip II (1141–73) who ended the conflicts between his see and the Imperial Abbeys of Corvey and Hersfeld; and Arnold of Berg (1137–91), who died a crusader at Akkon. In the time of Engelbert of Altena-Isenberg (1224–26, deposed following his implication in Archbishop Engelbert II of Berg's assassination, rehabilitated 1238–50), Bruno of Altena-Isenberg (1250–59), and under Conrad II of Rietberg (1269–97), the new orders of Franciscans, Dominicans and Augustinians were
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Engelbert II of Berg


to enjoy the trust of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, becoming imperial administrator ("") in 1220 and guardian of the Emperor's son Henry. In 1222, Engelbert crowned twelve-years-old Henry as King of the Romans in Aachen. Engelbert remained Henry's tutor and guardian until his death. It is not clear to what extent Engelbert was personally involved with the ', a treaty with the ecclesiastical princes, which Frederick signed on 26 April 1220, although as Administrator of the German Kingdom (')
20125658
Frederick II (Archbishop of Cologne)


Friedrich II of Berg (1120 – 15 December 1158), was Archbishop of Cologne from 1156 until his death in 1158. He was a son of Adolf IV, Count of Berg, and his second wife Irmgard von Wasserburg. He was the brother of Archbishop Bruno III of Berg, a nephew of Archbishop Bruno II von Berg and an uncle of Archbishop and Saint Engelbert II of Berg. In 1150 he was elected Bishop von Utrecht but that election was not accepted by Conrad III of Germany and he was never confirmed in
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Engelbert II of Berg


of Altena, archbishop of Cologne, in the interests of Philip of Swabia against Otto of Brunswick but was pardoned in 1208. In 1212, as an act of penance for his earlier rebellion, he took part in the Albigensian Crusade. He gave his allegiance to the future Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, after the Battle of Bouvines in 1214. Engelbert was elected Archbishop of Cologne as Engelbert I on 29 February 1216 and was consecrated on 24 September 1217, in which office he remained until his violent death. Engelbert came
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Engelbert II of Berg


position by defrauding the nuns. Engelbert was determined to protect the nuns' interests and sought to bring Frederick to justice. On 7 November 1225 while they travelled together to Cologne from a judicial hearing in Soest, Engelbert was killed, possibly by Frederick, in a defile near present-day Gevelsberg near Schwelm. It seems probable that a group of disaffected nobility was behind the attack which may have been intended to take Engelbert captive rather than kill him. Engelbert's body was taken to Cologne on a dung-cart, and
20125664
History of Cologne


Berg, counted 7 archbishops during that period and consolidated the powers of the archbishopric over imperial affairs. The archbishops of Cologne became very influential as advisers to the Saxon, Salian and Hohenstaufen dynasties. From 1031 they also held the office of Arch-Chancellor of Italy. Their authority culminated under Archbishop Engelbert II of Berg, imperial administrator (Reichsprovisor) and tutor to the emperor's son. Between 1216 and 1225, Engelbert fought for the establishment and security of the archdiocese of Cologne both as an ecclesiastical authority and as a secular
4050299
Henry IV, Duke of Limburg


was held by Engelbert I, Archbishop of Cologne. Engelbert being the principal adviser of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, he was confirmed in the county for life, paying a rent to Henry and Ermengard. Engelbert was assassinated on 7 November 1225 and Henry inherited Berg, inheriting Limburg a little while later. He then entrusted Montjoie to his brother Waleran, who already held Faulquemont. He then fought count Frederick of Isenberg, his brother-in-law, who was suspected of the assassination of Engelbert. In 1228,
19504913
Engelbert II of the Mark


Engelbert II of the Mark (1275 – July 18, 1328) was Count of the Mark and through marriage, Count of Arenberg. He was the son and heir of Count Eberhard II and his wife, Irmgard of Berg. On January 25, 1299, he married Mechtilde of Arenberg (died March 18, 1328), daughter of Johann of Arenberg and Katharina of Jülich. He and his wife had eight children: The County of Mark then fell heir to his son, Adolf II of the Mark; ownership of
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Dietrich I von Hengebach


year 1166, he was appointed as pastor of the Saint Apostles church in Cologne. In 1199, he opposed Engelbert von Berg in the election to the Cologne cathedral chapter. Dietrich would not accept his defeat he continued arguing the election until 1204. After the deposition of the Archbishop Bruno IV, Archbishop of Cologne, upon the urging of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, he was unanimously elected as Archbishop on 22 December 1208, over the opposition, Bruno's nephew, Engelbert II of Berg. Dietrich received priestly and episcopal
8519983
Attendorn


mention. In 1222, town rights, on the Soest model, were granted the town under Engelbert II of Berg. Schnellenberg Castle, built about 1200, and the acquisition of the Waldenburg (another castle) in 1248 served to safeguard Cologne's interests in the region. Attendorn's heyday was brought about not only by its nine guilds but also, and mainly, by its wool and linen weavers. Furthermore, the town's political and ecclesiastical status as a bulwark against the County of Mark and as seat of a deanery
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House of Limburg-Stirum


and Altena, inherited the eastern territorium of County of Berg. With him, the oldest line of the Counts of Berg takes from 1166 the name and title of Counts of Altena (on the Lenne, Westphalia). Eberhard's territorium was later divided between his two sons: Frederick II, Count of Isenberg was a leading figure in the opposition of Westphalian nobles to the aggressive power politics of his cousin, the Archbishop of Cologne, Engelbert II of Berg. In 1225 at the Nobles' Assembly in Soest, Frederick met
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Duchy of Berg


one of them later becoming the County of the Mark, which returned to the possession of the family line in the 16th century. In 1280 the counts moved their court from Schloss Burg on the Wupper river to the town of Düsseldorf. The most powerful of the early rulers of Berg, Engelbert II of Berg died in an assassination on November 7, 1225. Count Adolf VIII of Berg fought on the winning side in the Battle of Worringen against Guelders in 1288. The power of Berg grew further in the 14th century.
15397481
Herman II, Lord of Lippe


. In the dispute over the German throne in 1198, Herman supported the Guelph side. He switched sides to support Emperor Frederick II in 1214. In 1217 or 1218, Herman became administrator in Utrecht, representing his brother Otto II, who was Bishop of Utrecht. He promoted the cities and gained the post of Vogt of the Monasteries Clarholz and Herzebrock. His main opponent during this period was Engelbert II of Berg, who was Archbishop of Cologne. Earlier in his career, Herman had supported Engelbert. In 1227, Herman
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Adolf VI, Count of Berg


took part to the Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars. And in 1215 he took over the Kaiserpfalz Kaiserswerth. Adolf left on 1218 with the Fifth Crusade to Egypt and died on 7 August 1218 of a plague as commander of the Lower-Rhenish and Frisian troops in Damiette, in the delta of the Nile. His brother, the Archbishop Engelbert II of Berg followed him as ruler of Berg, which later went to the husband of Adolf's daughter, Irmgard of Berg. Adolf VI, Count of Berg is named Adolf III
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Engelbert II of Berg


he must have had at least some input. Clearly, however, in the increased powers it gave to all ecclesiastical princes it was of benefit also to the archbishops of Cologne, and the establishment and development of the new powers was part of Engelbert's archiepiscopal strategy. When Engelbert succeeded, the rights and territories of the archdiocese were in bad order, following a long period of civil unrest in Germany. He engaged himself at once in a series of campaigns and strategies to win them back and safeguard them, principally against the
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Engelbert II of Berg


won the dispute in two feuds. In 1220 a peace was concluded and Waleran's claim settled by the payment of a year's revenues. Engelbert granted town privileges to many places, including Wipperfürth, Attendorn, Brilon, Siegen, Werl and Herford, Vianden, Hamm, Neuerburg and Manderscheid. During his incumbency as archbishop, Engelbert continued to fight for the re-establishment and security of the Archdiocese of Cologne both as an ecclesiastical authority and also as a secular territory. (It was said of him that despite his personal
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Burg Castle (Solingen)


needing two feuds to win the inheritance dispute with Duke Waleran III of Limburg. As count Engelbert II of Berg he built the palas of Burg castle 1218-1225. Engelbert was a very powerful man, not only archbishop and count, but also advisor and chief administrator to the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, and guardian and tutor of the later king Henry (VII) of Germany. But he also made enemies and on November 7, 1225 he was murdered by his nephew Friedrich von Isenberg. The War of succession for
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House of Limburg-Stirum


Frederick II, Count of Isenberg to the aggression of his cousin, the Archbishop of Cologne, Engelbert II of Berg, leading to the murder of the latter. A cadet branch, the Counts van den Marck, later rose in importance as dukes of Cleves, Jülich and Berg, dukes of Nevers and Bouillon, counts of Schleiden, etc. Today's members are mostly found in Belgium and The Netherlands. The Ezzonen appear in the chronicles with Erenfried I (866-904), count of the Bliesgau, Keldachgau and
8976080
William III, Count of Jülich


William was Count of Jülich from 1207 to 1219. He was a nephew of the previous Count, William II. He married Mathilde, daughter of Waleran III, Duke of Limburg. He died in 1219 during the Fifth Crusade in Egypt, and was succeeded by his son William IV. He is known for having taken part in the Albigensian Crusade as part of a German contingent headed west, along with the at the time Provost of Cologne, Engelbert II of Berg, his oldest brother Adolf III, Count of Berg and
1693688
Engelbert I, Count of Berg


Count Engelbert I of Berg (d. July 1189 in Serbia) ruled the County of Berg from 1160 to 1189. He was the son of Adolf IV of Berg. Through his loyalty to the German Emperor and the Archbishops of Cologne he succeeded in stabilising the county and increasing its revenues. He took Bensberg Palace, Neu-Windeck and Elberfeld. In July 1189 he was killed near Kovin, in Serbia, while on his way to the Holy Land with the crusade of emperor Frederick Barbarossa. He married Margaret of Geldern (
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Engelbert II of Berg


cathedral school in Cologne. From 1198 (at the age of twelve or thirteen) he held the office of provost of St. George in Cologne and from 1199 to 1216 he also held the office of cathedral provost at Cologne Cathedral. He further acquired at various times a number of other provostships: in Cologne, Aachen, Deventer and Zutphen. He was elected Bishop of Münster in 1203 but he declined because of his age. Engelbert was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III in 1206, on account of his support for his cousin Adolf
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Engelbert II of Berg


piety he was more of a monarch than a churchman). Not only did he constantly battle, by all means necessary, for the secular well-being of the lands of the archdiocese, of which he may be counted the "de facto" founder as a significant state; he also took energetic measures for the effective regulation of the City of Cologne itself; and he was a zealous champion of the religious throughout his archdiocese. Engelbert earned the respect and affection of his subjects through his devotion to justice and his energy
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Frederick of Isenberg


Count Frederick of Isenberg (Friedrich von Isenberg) (1193 – 15 November 1226) was a German noble, the younger son of Count Arnold of Altena (died 1209). His family castle was the Isenburg near Hattingen, Germany. According to recent research, Frederick of Isenberg was a leading figure in the opposition of Westphalian nobles to the aggressive power politics of the Archbishop of Cologne, Engelbert of Berg. In 1225 at the Nobles' Assembly in Soest, Count Frederick met his cousin Count Engelbert von Berg, Archbishop of
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Laurensberg


of Lotharingia, gave the surrounding area to his relative, the Abbess Gisela von Nivelles, who was the daughter of Lothair II, the previous king. Later the church failed and was returned, along with the surrounding lands, back to the kingdom and Engelbert II of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne. The first recorded message of the place name "St. Laurentii Bergh" is from 1218, when the archbishop gave the area to the Church of Mary, which was a predecessor of the Aachen Cathedral and of which the Archbishop had
22135675
Conrad of Urach


Legate to the Albigensian crusade. During this period he also established the University of Montpellier (1222). While in Germany, Conrad was responsible for the declaration as a martyr of Engelbert II of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne, murdered on 7 November 1225.. His pressure on the Holy Roman Emperor was aimed at containing Frederic II's increasing moslimisation as well as defending the interests of the Southern German nobility, of which he was a member. He returned to Rome in 1226, undertaking negotiations with the cities of the Lombard League
19529196
Wilbrand van Oldenburg


St. Nicholas church in Magdeburg. The next years Wilbrand spent a lot of time in Italy as envoy of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. In 1225 Wilbrand was consecrated as bishop of Paderborn, where he successfully pacified the rebellious nobility. In 1226 he was temporarily given governance of the bishoprics of Münster and Osnabrück, after their bishops had been deposed as a result of their complicity in the murder of Engelbert II of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne. In 1227 Wilbrand was moved by pope Gregory IX to the Bishopric of Utrecht because
10877718
Adolf IV, Count of Berg


Adolf IV of Berg count of Berg from 1132 until 1160 and of Altena (died after 1161), son of Adolf III of Berg count of Berg and Hövel. He married (1st) Adelheid von Arnsberg, a daughter of Heinrich count von Rietberg; then (2nd) Irmgard (?) von Schwarzenberg, a daughter of Engelbert von Schwarzenberg. He built the Schloss Altena, and built Altenberg Abbey (1133) where he enters in 1160. He has issue from his first marriage: and from his second marriage:
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Adolf VIII of Berg


Engelbert II of Falkenstein in 1274, but Siegfried II of Westerburg was chosen instead. In 1279 Adolf's uncle Waleran IV, Duke of Limburg died leaving one daughter, Ermengarde, wife of Reginald I, Count of Guelders. When she died in 1280 without issue, her husband claimed the Duchy of Limburg even though Adolf also had a claim to Limburg as Waleran's eldest nephew. Adolf tried unsuccessfully to assert his claim and in 1283 he sold his right to Duke John I of Brabant. The counter-claims of Duke
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Siegen


, which locally began as far back as La Tène times. Bearing witness to this longtime industry are the many mines that can be found within city limits. In 1224, Siegen is mentioned as a newly built town whose ownership was shared by the Count of Nassau, Heinrich the Rich, and Engelbert II of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne after the latter transferred one half of the ownership to the former. Moreover, there is proof that the "Oberes Schloss" ("upper stately home") was already standing at this
1934808
Gérard II, Count of Looz


the castle and the town of Loon, as well as the village and the Abbey of Munsterbilzen and the castle at Montenaeken. Several villages and sixteen churches were completely destroyed. Gerard sued for peace through the mediation of Henry the Blind, Count of Luxembourg, and Engelbert I, Count of Berg. Gérard moved his court to Kuringen, near the Belgian city of Hasselt located in the Flemish Region in the province of Limburg, and in 1182, he founded the Abbey of Herkenrode, entrusted to the Cistercian Order. He built
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Vehmic court


the division of the duchy of Saxony after the fall of Henry the Lion, when the archbishop of Cologne Engelbert II of Berg, (also duke of Westphalia from 1180) placed himself at the head of the Fehme as representative of the emperor. The organization then spread rapidly. Every free man born in lawful wedlock and not excommunicated nor an outlaw was eligible for membership. Princes and nobles were initiated; and in 1429 even the Emperor Sigismund himself became “a true and proper Freischöffe of the Holy Roman Empire.” There
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Joan, Countess of Flanders


refuge with his supporters to Valenciennes, but the city was quickly retaken by the French. Joan required unconditional surrender. The impostor then took refuge with Engelbert II of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne, but there he lost his last followers and fled. Caught near Besançon, he was sent to Joan. Despite the promise to respect his life, he was put in a pillory between two dogs and then hanged at the gates of Lille. It is likely that Bouchard of Avesnes, the former husband of Margaret, was behind the
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Gevelsberg


city has a history of nearly 780 years. The archbishop of Cologne Engelbert II of Berg was killed on November 7, 1225 by his cousin Frederick of Isenberg in "Gievilberch". The population grew strongly in the 19th century, when many small industries related to iron processing were developed. Gevelsberg received its coat of arms (a brick gable on a green hill, and a cogwheel indicating its industry) by decree of the Prussian Department of the Interior in 1903. In the mid-1950s a city wall was added to the coat
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John II, Count of Ziegenhain


in Trier and from 1403, he was a canon of Mainz. In 1394, he studied in Vienna and in 1396 in Heidelberg. After the early death of his elder brother Engelbert III in 1401, he succeeded as Count of Ziegenhain and Nidda. On 5 January 1417, he married Countess Elisabeth of Waldeck. This marriage remained childless. In the war between Hesse and the Electorate of Mainz (1401–1405), John II supported Mainz. In 1401, he was taken prisoner by Landgrave Herman II of Hesse. He was
17108474
Otto III of Ravensberg


relatives in Ratzeburg, whereupon Bernard forcibly occupied Ravensberg Castle. Eventually, Otto III was installed as Count of Ravensberg. In 1264, Otto III was victorious in a feud against the Count of Gesmold. In 1267, he fought on the side of Archbishop Engelbert II of Cologne in the Battle of Zülpich. After Count Henry IV of Oldenburg-Wildeshausen died in 1270, Vlotho Castle came into the joint possession of Otto III and his cousin Henry of Berg. In 1290, Henry's successor Gerhard sold his share to Archbishop Siegfried
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Engelbert II of Berg


in maintaining law, and took great pains to ensure the well-being of the religious within his authority. However, his effectiveness in achieving his goals by all means necessary, including military action, his allegiance to the pope and the emperor, and his uncompromising defence of the law and the rights of religious persons and bodies, brought him into conflict with the nobility, including his own family, and this led to his death. His cousin Count Frederick of Isenberg was "vogt" of Essen Abbey, and abused his
20125663
Engelbert III of the Marck, Archbishop of Cologne


Engelbert III von der Mark (English: Engelbert III of the Mark) (1304 – 25 August 1368) was the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne from 1364 until 1368 and the Prince-Bishop of Liège (as Engelbert) from 1345 until 1364. Engelbert was the second son of Count Engelbert II of the Mark. Through the influence of his uncle Adolph II of the Marck, Bishop of Liège, he became the Provost of Liège in 1332. Later he was also mentioned as being a Provost in Cologne. After the
8426086
Engelbert III, Count of Gorizia


Engelbert III, Count of Gorizia (died 1220) was a member of the Meinhardiner dynasty. He ruled the County of Gorizia from 1191 until his death. Engelbert's father was Engelbert II, Count Palatine of Carinthia and Count of Gorizia. His mother was Adelaide, the daughter of Count Otto I of Wittelsbach. In 1191, Engelbert III inherited the County of Gorizia jointly with his brother Meinhard II. During his reign, Engelbert acquired the title of Vogt of Aquileia. He also acted as bailiff of Millstatt. In 1183
16704958
Engelbert Des Bois


Engelbert Des Bois (1578–1651) was the seventh bishop of Namur (1630–1651). Des Bois was born in Brussels on 9 July 1578 to parents from Burgundy. He studied civil law and canon law, taking the degree of licentiate of laws, and became a canon and later archdeacon of Cambrai Cathedral. From 1618 to 1629 he was provost of the collegiate church of St Pierre in Lille. In 1629 he was named bishop of Namur, and he was installed in 1630. As bishop he was one of the representatives of
18824115
Duchy of Westphalia


they finally sold in 1368. After the rebellious Saxon duke Henry the Lion was defeated in 1180, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa presented the Archbishop of Cologne, Philip of Heinsberg with these territories and the southwest of the former Duchy of Saxony as the 'Duchy of Westphalia'. Engelbert of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne from 1220, began a campaign to force the nobility in Westphalia into submission and to extract from them the stewardship of the various scattered church lands. Engelbert managed to connect the lands of the duchy by annexing the territory from
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Engelbert II, Count of Gorizia


as Vogt of Millstatt Abbey, an office his uncle Engelbert I (d. 1122) probably had assumed upon the death of the Aribonid founders. About 1145, Engelbert II was appointed Count Palatine of Carinthia. In 1150, he inherited the County of Gorizia from his elder brother Henry II. Like his father, he was also served as Reeve of Aquileia and St Peter Abbey in Istria. A strong supporter of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, Engelbert II, like his younger brother Meinhard, had temporarily been Margrave of Istria. Rivalling with
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Engelbert I, Count of the Mark


Engelbert I was married twice. His first wife was Kunigunde of Blieskastel. His second wife, Elisabeth of Valkenburg, was a niece of the Archbishop of Cologne. This marriage ensured peace between Cologne and the Mark. In 1274, Archbishop Engelbert II of Cologne died. His successor, Siegfried II of Westerburg tried to expand his influence in Westphalia and the Rheinland. This led to a conflict with the other rulers in the area. In 1277, they formed an alliance, led by Bishop Simon I of Paderborn. Engelbert II
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Engelbert I, Count of the Mark


might be the first step in the fragmentation of the county. However, Otto died without a male heir in 1262, and his possessions fell back to Engelbert. Early in his reign, a feud broke out between Engelbert II and his namesake, Archbishop Engelbert II of Cologne. They fought a number of battles and their troops devastated each other's territory; in 1265, they made peace. In 1262 Engelbert and William IV, Count of Jülich, came to the assistance of the Teutonic Knights during the Siege of Königsberg.
3800393
Engelbert III, Margrave of Istria


Italy, in order to back Pope Innocent II against Antipope Anacletus II. In turn, Engelbert was vested with the Imperial March of Tuscany, but was succeeded by the Welf duke Henry X of Bavaria already in 1137. Engelbert attended the 1156 Imperial Diet in Regensburg, where he witnessed the granting of the "Privilegium Minus" by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, elevating the March of Austria to a duchy. In 1140 Engelbert had married Matilda, youngest daughter of the Bavarian count Berengar II of Sulzbach. He was thus a brother-
20958358
Engelbert, Duke of Carinthia


Engelbert II (died 13 April 1141), a member of the House of Sponheim, was Margrave of Istria and Carniola from about 1103/07 until 1124. In 1123, he succeeded his elder brother Henry as Duke of Carinthia and Margrave of Verona which he held until his retirement in 1135. Engelbert II was the son of Count Engelbert I of Sponheim (d. 1096) and his wife Hedwig of uncertain descent, maybe a daughter of the Billung duke Bernard II of Saxony. His grandfather Count Siegfried I of Sponheim (d. 1065
20615743
Engelbert I, Count of the Mark


Engelbert I, Count of the Mark (died 16 November 1277 at Castle of Bredevoort) was a German nobleman. He was the ruling Count of the Mark from 1249 until his death. He succeeded his father, Adolf I as the ruling count in 1249. His brother Otto, who had been a canon in Liège, returned to the lay state after their father's death and claimed a share of the inheritance. Engelbert ceded the castles at Altena and Blankenstein and the surrounding land to Otto. He was afraid that this
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Engelbert II of the Mark


Arenberg went to his son, Eberhard I of the Mark-Arenberg. Engelbert II succeeded his father in 1308 and continued his father's efforts to maintain authority over the County of Mark. This necessitated conflict with Bishop Ludwig II of Münster, as well as the Archbishop of Cologne, Henry II of Virneburg, who also dominated the neighboring Duchy of Westphalia. When Bishop Ludwig II marched into Hamm in 1323, he fell into Engelbert's hands and was released only after paying 5,000 silvermarks, a very high ransom. During the
14072295
Engelbert II, Count of Gorizia


Engelbert II (died 1 April 1191), a member of the House of Gorizia ("Meinhardiner" dynasty), was Count of Gorizia ("Görz") from 1150 until his death. At the end of his life, he also held the title of a Margrave of Istria, a Count palatine in the Duchy of Carinthia and Vogt (Reeve) of the Patriarchate of Aquileia. Engelbert II was a younger son of Count Meinhard I of Gorizia and his wife Elisabeth of Schwarzenburg. He was first mentioned in 1137
7704279
Engelbert, Duke of Carinthia


Count Ulric II of Weimar. Unlike his father, Engelbert II was a loyal supporter of the ruling Salian dynasty and also a fierce opponent of Archbishop Conrad I of Salzburg in the yet unresolved Investiture Controversy. He stood as guarantor of German king Henry V at his coronation as Holy Roman Emperor in February 1111 and witnessed the Concordat of Worms with Pope Callixtus II in September 1122. In the same year his elder brother Henry IV was created Duke of Carinthia and Margrave of Verona, and upon his death in 1123 Engelbert II succeeded
20615745
Dietrich II, Count of Cleves


. In 1417, the county became a duchy ; ), and its rulers were raised to the status of Dukes. Its history is closely related to that of its neighbours: the Duchies of Jülich, Berg and Guelders and the County of Mark. In 1368, Cleves and Mark were united. In 1521 Jülich, Berg, Cleves and Mark formed the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg. The territory was situated on both sides of the river Rhine, around its capital Cleves and roughly covering today's districts of
10080519
Jens Grand


bailiff in the pertaining bailiwick. In 1317 Administrator John arbitrated reconciliation between Ditmarsh and Count Gerhard III "the Great" of Schauenburg and Holstein-Rendsburg. Administrator John put Marcellus, a priest speaking up for Grand, to death. On 27 March 1318 John XXII deputed Prince-Archbishop von Pernstein, Engelbert of Weyhe, Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück, and a canon of the Schleswig Cathedral to restitute the Bremian See to Grand. They meticulously investigated the discharge of Administrator John's office. After the intercession by Queen Jeanne II
6901707
Engelbert II of Nassau


his death in 1504) Engelbert was the principal representative of the Habsburg Empire to the region. Engelbert died on 31 May 1504 in Brussels and is buried in the "Grote kerk" in Breda. He had no legitimate children and appointed his nephew Henry III of Nassau-Breda as his successor. Engelbert had two illegitimate children: Engelbrecht and Barbara. Engelbert's portrait by the "Master of the Portraits of Princes", can be found in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. He was one of the last important patrons of Flemish illuminated
12559992
Engelbert III of the Mark


Engelbert III of the Mark (1333–1391) was the Count of Mark from 1347 until 1391. Adolph was the eldest son of Count Adolph II of the Marck and Margaret of Cleves. After his father died in 1347, Engelbert III ruled the County of Mark, mainly from Burg Blankenstein in 1393. In his time, he was the leading political leader of Westphalia. He was though, efficient and successful, but failed to conquer Arnsberg after years of struggle. Engelbert was married with: and had one daughter: When Engelbert
10196401
Engelbert II of Nassau


Engelbert II of Nassau, "Engelbrecht" in Dutch (17 May 1451 – 31 May 1504), was count of Nassau and Vianden and lord of Breda, Lek, Diest, Roosendaal, Nispen and Wouw. He was a soldier and courtier, for some time leader of the Privy council of the Duchy of Burgundy and a significant patron of the arts. Engelbert was born in Breda on 17 May 1451, the son of Jan IV of Nassau and his wife Maria of Loon-Heinsberg. On 19 December 1468 in
12559989
William Engelbert Jr.


William Edward Engelbert Jr. (15 January 1918 in New Ulm, Minnesota – 18 August 2006 in Chico Butte, California) was the first husband of B-movie heroine Lynne Roberts. William Engelbert, Jr was the son of William Engelbert, a real estate salesman, and Florence Engelbert. William Jr. graduated from Beverly Hills High School in 1936 and attended the University of Southern California for two years. He served in the US Army during World War II as an aircraft inspector, and was stationed in the Philippines after their liberation
14427552
Otto II (bishop of Freising)


the son of Diepold II, Count of Berg-Schelklingen, and Gisela of the House of Andechs. His brothers Diepold, Manegold and Henry were also bishops. Otto was a canon at the cathedral of Magdeburg before his election as bishop. In 1189 he obtained juridical rights, market rights and "Burgrecht" in the possessions of his diocese in the Duchy of Austria. After the disputed imperial election of 1198, he initially sided with Philip of Swabia, but is later found in the following of Otto IV. In 1215
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Engelbert I of Nassau


Engelbert I of Nassau (, in Dillenburg3 May 1442, in Breda) was a son of Count Johan I of Nassau and Countess Margaretha of the Marck, daughter of Count Adolph II of the Marck. Engelbert of Nassau was a student in Cologne, Germany in 1389 and a dean in Münster from 1399-1404. He became counselor to the Duke of Brabant, first to Anton of Burgundy, and later for his son Jan IV of Brabant. He would later serve Philip the Good. Engelbert's brothers were childless and
10820107
Engelbert III, Margrave of Istria


Engelbert III (died 6 October 1173), a member of the Rhenish Franconian House of Sponheim, was Margrave of Istria from 1124 until his death. He was the second son of Margrave Engelbert II and his first wife Uta of Passau. When his father succeeded his elder brother Henry as Duke of Carinthia, Engelbert III received the margravial title in Istria. However, he mainly ruled in the Sponheim estates around Kraiburg in Bavaria, bequested by his mother. In 1135 Emperor Lothair III dispatched him to a synod at Pisa in
20958357
Engelbert Mühlbacher


Engelbert Mühlbacher (4 October 1843 – 17 July 1903) was an Austrian historian. Born in Gresten, he received his classical education in Linz, Upper Austria being his family's home region. In 1862 he became a novice among the Austin Canons in Sankt Florian. After completing his theological studies there, he was ordained priest in 1867. As Alfred Ritter von Arneth relates in his memoirs, historical studies had been successfully cultivated at St. Florian's since Provost Arneth's time, and Mühlbacher was soon active in this domain.
2733144
Salomea of Berg


of King Solomon of Hungary by his wife Judith of Swabia (by her second marriage stepmother of Salome's husband), but this hypothesis has been rejected by modern historiographers. The marriage of Salome's sister Richeza with Duke Vladislav I of Bohemia in 1110 had changed the status of the relative obscure Count Henry of Berg in political affairs. Another sister, Sophia, was married to a Moravian member of the Přemyslid dynasty, Duke Otto II the Black of Olomouc, in 1113. The Polish ruler Bolesław III Wrymouth, after he
4274766
Charles II, Count of Nevers


Charles II (died in Louvre in 1521) was Count of Nevers (1506–1521). He was son of Engelbert de La Mark and Charlotte de Bourbon-Vendome. He belongs to the House de La Mark. His father Engelbert, Count of Nevers (1491–1506) was son of John I, Duke of Cleves (1384–1404) and Elisabeth Countess of Nevers. Elisabeth was great-granddaughter of Philip II duke of Burgundy. Charles II succeeded his father in 1506. He married in 1504 to Marie d'Albret, Countess of Rethel
7256643
Adolf II of Berg


Adolf II of Berg-Hövel (Huvili), count of Berg, count in Auelgau and Siegburg, Vogt of Werden (died 1090/1106), was the son of Adolf I of Berg. He married Adelaide of Lauffen, a daughter of Heinrich II count von Laufen (died 1067) and Ida von Werl-Hövel (1030? – 1090), and heiress of Hövel/Huvili, Unna, Telgte, Warendorf, etc. At the beginning of the 12th century Adolf II of Berg donated the site of their old
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Bruno II von Berg


Bruno II of Berg (German: Bruno II von Berg) (c. 1100 1137) was the Archbishop of Cologne from 1131 until 1137. Bruno II of Berg was a son of Count Adolf III of Berg. In 1119 he was mentioned as a Provost in Cologne, and he became the Provost of St. Gereon in Cologne in 1127. In 1130 he was elected the Archbishop of Trier but refused. Bruno was selected on Christmas Day of 1131 by King Lothar of Germany and a papal legate as the Archbishop of Cologne.
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Engelbert, Duke of Carinthia


) came to Carinthia about 1035 as an attendant of Emperor Conrad II. In 1099 Pope Urban II appointed Engelbert II "Vogt" protector of Saint Paul's Abbey, founded by his father. About 1100 he established the County of Kraiburg on the inherited estates of his wife Uta, daughter of Burgrave Ulric of Passau. He also acquired two castles in the Trixen valley near Völkermarkt from the Bishop of Gurk and the market town of Friesach in 1106. About 1107 he was elevated to a margrave in Istria and Carniola, succeeding
20615744
Adolf III of Berg


Adolf III of Berg (1080 – 12 October 1152) was count of Berg from 1093 until 1132, and count of Hövel from 1090 until 1106, and Vogt of Werden. He was the son of Adolf II of Berg-Hövel, count of Berg, and Adelaide of Lauffen. He married Adelheid of Cleves (von Kleve), a daughter of Dietrich II count of Cleves (died 1118). They had issue: Adolf III, Count of Berg is named Adolf I, Count of Berg in the Netherlands and
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Mershepsesre Ini II


statue is now housed in the local Museo del Sannio.br Ini may also be attested on the Turin canon in column 8, row 16, which reads ""Mer...re"". If this identification is correct, Mershepsesre Ini II was the forty-sixth king of the dynasty. Kim Ryholt proposed instead that the ""Mer...re"" of the Turin canon refers to Mersekhemre Neferhotep II, whom he regards as a different ruler from Mersekhemre Ined. Nevertheless, Mershepsesre Ini must have reigned toward the end of
9911701
Engelbert II of Nassau


Koblenz he married Cimburga van Baden, daughter of Charles I, Margrave of Baden-Baden. Engelbert was lord of Breda between 1475 and 1504. In 1472 he concluded a treaty with his brother Jan V of Nassau-Vianden-Diez in which he received the possessions West of the Rhine. Charles the Bold made him a knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece, at the age of 22, in 1473. After the death of Charles the Bold, Engelbert entered in the service of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
12559990
Styrum


Styrum (; sometimes spelled "Stirum") was an immediate lordship in the Holy Roman Empire, located in Mülheim an der Ruhr, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It held no seat in the Diet and was circumvened by the lordship of Broich. The exact date of construction of its castle is unknown. Styrum was already prosperous in Frankish times before Charlemagne (late 8th century). In 1067 Styrum was given to the Abbacy of Kaiserswerth. After the murder of the Archbishop of Cologne, Engelbert of Berg, in 1225
15849295
Heinrich von Berg


Heinrich von Berg († April 14, 1197 in Würzburg) was Bishop of Passau from 1169 to 1171 and Bishop of Würzburg from 1191 to 1197. Heinrich von Berg comes from the Swabian counts of Berg. His parents were Diepold II von Berg-Schelklingen and Gisela von Dießen-Andechs. His younger brothers were Diepold von Berg and Manegold von Berg, both later also Bishop of Passau. The Freisinger Bishop Otto II von Berg was also his brother. Count Berthold I. von Henneberg is considered a nephew. An uncle was
12415296
Pierre Van Der Worst


Canon of Saint-Lambert at Liège, and Provost of the Cathedral Chapter of Cambrai. Another brother, Gauthier van der Vorst, became a Protonotary Apostolic and Canon of Cambrai (died 1535). A third brother, Jacques, was a doctor and Councilor of the Royal Council of Brabant. A fourth, Engelbert, lived at the castle of Loenbeke. Pierre also had two sisters, Isabel and Barbe. Pierre studied at Louvain, and also obtained the degree of "Doctor in utroque iure" (Doctor of Civil and
6807271
Wilhelm Daser


Regiment (05 Jun 1918-15 Aug 1918); Delegated with the Temporary Leadership of the 18th Bavarian Reserve-Infantry-Regiment (15 Aug 1918-02 Sep 1918); Commander of the III. Battalion of the 18th Bavarian Reserve-Infantry-Regiment (02 Sep 1918-29 Sep 1918); Delegated with the Temporary Leadership of the 18th Bavarian Reserve-Infantry-Regiment (29 Sep 1918-09 Oct 1918); Commander of the II. Battalion of the 30th Bavarian Infantry-Regiment (09 Oct
14683608
Engelbert, Count of Nevers


Engelbert of Cleves, Count of Nevers (26 September 1462 – 21 November 1506) was the younger son of John I, Duke of Cleves and Elizabeth of Nevers, only surviving child of John II, Count of Nevers. In 1481, he was sent with a large army to the Bishopric of Utrecht by his brother John II, Duke of Cleves where they successfully ousted David of Burgundy. But after the Siege of Utrecht (1483) he had to flee, and Utrecht returned to the control of Burgundy. He married
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Altena


was sentenced to death as head of the conspiration to murder Engelbert I. Archbishop of Cologne, Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Westphalia and Count of Berg - a close relative - in 1226. The Archbishop was ambushed and slain on his way from his City of Soest to City of Cologne by Friedrich and his men near Gevelsberg in a hollow way. Both had a dispute over the bailiwicks of Essen Abbey. The junior branch of the Counts of Altena, was founded by Friedrich de Altena. He was provided with
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Altena


1323 between the Prince-Bishop of Münster and the Count of Mark, the Bishop was captured and held for ransom in Altena. In 1367 the settlement below the castle received limited town rights through Engelbert III. Count de la Mark. Since 1392 Altena remained only the seat of the bailiff for bailiwick Altena. The castle was also used as an archive for documents and patents for the county. In 1609 the last count died childless. His realm, the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg were practically divided into a
13910809
House of Limburg-Stirum


Palatine of Lotharingia, several Dukes of Westphalia, Bavaria, Carinthia and Swabia, seven Archbishops of Cologne, one Prince-Bishop of Speyer, more than ten bishops in the Holy Roman Empire, and at least two saints of the Catholic Church (Saint Richenza, celebrated on 21 March, and Saint Engelbert of Cologne, celebrated on 7 November). The territorial authority of the family, counts of Berg since 1077, counts of Altena and Isenberg, then counts of Limburg since 1246, was significantly reduced following the opposition of
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Engelbert Endrass


Engelbert Endrass () (2 March 1911 – 21 December 1941) was a German U-boat commander in World War II. He commanded the Type VIIB U-boat and the Type VIIC , being credited with sinking twenty-two ships on ten patrols, for a total of of Allied shipping, to purportedly become the 23rd highest scoring U-boat commander of World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. It was Germany's highest military
18921633
Heinrich von Berg


Bishop Otto II of Bamberg. According to the count of the bishop's orders, Count Heinrich is a Passau bishop, Heinrich I, and a Bishop Heinrich III of Wurzburg. Heinrich began his spiritual career as the canon of Speyer Cathedral and was elected by Frederick Barbarossa in the election as bishop of Passau, against the candidate of Pope Alexander III Albo preferred, but had to leave shortly afterwards in 1171 and followed his younger brother Diepold. Heinrich went back to Speyer and rose to the Dompropst in 1176 and took over this
12415297
Beatrix of Berg


Beatrix (Beatrice) of Berg (1360 in Burg on the Wupper–May 16, 1395 in Neustadt an der Weinstrasse) was the daughter of Duke William II of Berg and Electress of the Palatinate by marriage to Rupert I, Elector Palatine. Beatrix was the daughter of Duke Wilhelm II of Berg and his wife Anna von Wittelsbach, daughter of the Rupert II, Elector Palatine. She was probably born in Burg Castle on the Wupper, at that time the residence of her parents. From 1380 her father ruled in Dusseldorf
12219619
Imperial County of Ortenburg


Kraiburg, the fourth son of Duke Engelbert II of Carinthia, he retained several Bavarian territories held by the Spanheimer family, while his elder brothers Ulric and Engelbert III succeeded their father in Carinthia and Istria. Rapoto had the Ortenburg Castle erected about 1120 whereafter he began to call himself a "Graf von Ortenberg". When his brother Engelbert III died without heirs in 1173 he could unite a significant number of territories under his rule and confirmed his independence when the Bavarian ducal title passed to the House of Wittelsbach in 1180. After
8393168
Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Jaro


façade. The statue was declared patroness of the Western Visayas by Pope John Paul II who, in person, canonically crowned this image on 21 February 1981, during his first Apostolic Visit to the Philippines. It is thus the only Marian statue in the Philippines personally crowned by a Pontiff instead of a proxy legate. Pope Pius IX authorised the canonical erection of the Diocese of Jaro on 25 May 1865. Bishop Mariano Cuartero, OP, took possession of the diocese in 1868, and later partitioned it into nine dioceses. In
351820
House of Limburg-Stirum


his cousin Engelbert von Berg in order to bring about a peaceful agreement concerning the stewardship ("Vogtei") of the Abbey of Essen which Frederick, according to contemporary complaints, was abusing to his own benefit and to the detriment of the abbey. No conclusion was reached. During their return together from Soest to Cologne, Count Frederick arranged an ambush of his cousin, in a sunken lane of the early medieval historic road from Dortmund to Cologne near Gevelsberg late in the afternoon of 7 November 1225: the Archbishop was killed
8976084
Adolf of Altena


Adolf of Altena, Adolf of Berg or Adolf of Cologne, (c. 1157 – 15 April 1220 in Neuss) was Archbishop of Cologne from 1193 to 1205. Adolf was born about 1157 as the second son of Count Eberhard of Berg-Altena and his wife Adelheid von Arnsberg. About 1177 he became a canon in Cologne. Later, in 1183, he became Dean of the Cathedral, and in the year 1191 Cathedral Provost. After the abdication of his uncle Bruno III of Berg he became Archbishop of Cologne in 1193
2886034
Yangkai Airfield


Yangkai Airfield is a former World War II United States Army Air Forces airfield in the People’s Republic of China. Its current status is undetermined. The airfield, located approximately 33 miles northeast of Kunming, was the home of the B-24 Liberators of 373rd Bombardment Squadron (308th Bombardment Group), from 20 Mar 43 to Sep 44, when it moved to Luliang, China. The 373rd participated in attacks on airfields, coalyards, docks and warehouses, oil refineries and fuel dumps; as well as attacking shipping in the East
6972112
Barter Theatre


"Ain't Misbehavin" August 17 - September 8 at Gilliam Stage "The Bridges of Madison County" Sep 6 - Nov 11 at Stage II "Great Expectations" Sep 14 - Nov 9 at Gilliam Stage "Singin' in the Rain" Sept 27 - Nov 10 at Gilliam Stage "Sally McCoy" Oct 4 - Nov 10 at Stage II "Elf: The Musical" Nov 16 - Dec 30 at Gilliam Stage "Wooden Snowflakes" Nov 20 - Dec 23 at Stage II "The Santaland Diaries" Nov 28
4458971
Adolf III of the Marck


of Cleves and could maintain his rule there through the support of Liège. In 1369 he married Margaret of Jülich, daughter of Gerhard VI of Jülich, Count of Berg and Ravensberg and had fourteen children, at least five of whom did not survive infancy. After his brother Engelbert III of the Marck died without heirs in 1391, Adolph inherited the Marck too. However, he gave Marck to his son Dietrich in 1393. Adolph died in 1394 and was succeeded in Cleves by another of his sons, Adolph. Cleves and
13357037
Heinrich I von Müllenark


Heinrich I von Müllenark (also Mulnarken) (1190–1238) was the Archbishop of Cologne within the Holy Roman Empire from 1225 until 1237. Little is known of Heinrich's life before being elected archbishop. Before he was appointed Provost in Bonn, he was called by the surname "Leinenhose". Heinrich was elected Archbishop of Cologne on 15 November 1225, one week after the murder of the previous archbishop, Engelbert I of Berg. Heinrich set out immediately to punish the conspirators in the murder, and he received necessary rights and
13461657
Lords von Scheidt genannt Weschpfennig


and daughter Johann and Christine (styna) von Hunnenberg. Lacquer seals on historic documents show Johann vame Scheyde to be the earliest in the von Scheidt gen. Weschpfennig family line. The second recorded person that shows no relation yet with aforementioned Johann is Engelbert vame Scheyde genannt Wispennynck, born in 1402 in Scheid, who married Barbara Elisa von Mirbach at house Buergel in 1434. In 1438 he was mentioned as Vogt and Schult-eis of the city of Much. Duke Gerhard von Jülich-Berg gave him the rights of the
14611139
Burg Castle (Solingen)


was Castle Neuenberge (Newmountain), or in Latin, novus mons, novum castrum, or novi montis castrum. Not until the 15th century, after significant reconstruction as a hunting castle, did it receive its current name reflecting its palatial extension. His great-grandson, Count Adolf VI of Berg took part in the Fifth Crusade and died during the siege of Damietta in Egypt in 1218. Since the late count had no male descendants his younger brother, Archbishop Engelbert I of Cologne, took over the reign of the county
4441067
Engelbert of Admont


subject. He bewails the gradual decline of both imperial and papal authority, prophesies the early coming of Antichrist and with it the ruin of the Holy Roman Empire and a wholesale desertion of the Holy See. The work was published repeatedly. Following are the most important of the other works of Engelbert which have been printed: "De gratus et virtutibus beatae et gloriosae semper V. Marie"; "De libero arbitrio"; "De causâ longaevitatis hominum ante diluvium"; "De providentiâ Dei"; "De statu defunctorum"
20617922
Surrendered Enemy Personnel


Surrendered Enemy Personnel (SEP) is a designation for captive enemy soldiers (similar to Disarmed Enemy Forces). It was most commonly used by British forces towards German forces in Europe, and towards Japanese and associated forces in Asia after the end of World War II. On March 1, 1947 the U.S. stated that the SEPs should be regarded as POW's and be treated in accordance with the Geneva conventions. The designation of SEP allowed the Royal Navy to use the German command structure to facilitate the disbandment of the Kriegsmarine.
14107317
55th Air Defense Artillery Regiment


December 1941; a second detachment helped form the 804th CA (HD) Btry (Sep). Btry F at Sand Is. was designated the 807th CA (HD) Btry (Sep), while a second detachment helped organize the 715th CA (HD) Btry (Sep) 10-21-42. During World War II, various changes were made in the makeup of the 55th CA. The 55th CA (155 mm Gun) Regt was reorganized and HHB reconstituted and activated; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
11111739
Allgemeiner Deutscher Musikverein


the musical department. Other prominent members over the years were Hans von Bülow, Carl Friedrich von Weitzmann, Louis Köhler, Carl Riedel, Bronsart von Schellendorff, Felix Draeseke, Eduard Lassen, Eugen d'Albert, Richard Strauss, Engelbert Humperdinck, Felix Weingartner, Max von Schillings, Siegmund von Hausegger, Hans Pfitzner, Alexander von Zemlinsky, Peter Raabe, Jean Louis Nicodé, Emil von Reznicek, Heinz Tiessen, Joseph Haas, Paul Hindemith, Alban Berg, Ernst Toch and others. The musical department also decided at which places the
9169410
Oli Beaudoin


featured by several drumming magazines, including DRUMS ETC (Canada - Sept. 2014 - magazine cover), REVOLVER (US - Aug/Sep 2015) and DRUMHEADS (June/July 2016). Beaudoin has previously been endorsed by:Pearl Drums, Paiste Cymbals, Vic Firth Sticks, Evans Drumheads, Puresound Snare Wires, Sennheiser Microphones, Humes & Berg Drum Cases, Roland V-Drums, Neural DSP plugins, GASP bodybuilding clothes, 64 Audio In-Ear Monitors, Czarcie Kopyto drum Pedals and SlapKlatz Gel Dampers. P
4785792
Ellwangen Abbey


occupation of Ellwangen came to an end in the first half of the fifteenth century. On 14 January 1460 with the consent of Pope Pius II it was converted into a college of secular Canons Regular under the rule of a provost. The provost of Ellwangen achieved the status of a Prince of the Empire ("Reichsfürst"), who not only ruled over an immediate territory but also held a direct vote ("votum virile") in the Reichstag assembly. As the head of a secular college of Augustinian canons, he
1449258
Moe Berg


1946. In 1951, Berg begged the CIA (which replaced the OSS) to send him to the recently founded nation of Israel. "A Jew must do this", he wrote in his notebook. The CIA rejected Berg's request. But in 1952 Berg was hired by the CIA to use his old contacts from World War II to gather information about the Soviet atomic bomb project. For the $10,000 plus expenses that Berg received, the CIA received nothing. The CIA officer who spoke with Berg when he returned
2256259
Hammonia


Hanseatic Building Society unveiled the 17m tall Hansa-Fountain ("Hansa-Brunnen") at Hansaplatz in St. Georg as a present to the City of Hamburg. The fountain was designed by architects Heinrich Joseph Kayser and Karl von Großheim, the statue of Hammonia (including minor statues of Archbishop Ansgar, Adolf III of Holstein and Schauenburg, plus the Emperors Constantine and Charlemagne) were created by German sculptor Engelbert Peiffer. In 1888 a Hammonia statue and that of a young Germania were raised on the Brook’s Bridge ("
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