São Tomé olive pigeon [SEP] IUCN conservation status
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São Tomé olive pigeon


The São Tomé olive pigeon or maroon pigeon ("Columba thomensis") is an endangered species of pigeon which is endemic to the island of São Tomé off the coast of west Africa. It was described by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage in 1888. The bird is long. The olive pigeon occurs in several parts of the island of São Tomé, including the northwest (Chamiço), the central massif (Lagoa Amelia, Zampalma, Nova Ceilão, Bombaim and the valley of Rio Io Grande near Formoso Pequeno), the
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São Tomé, Príncipe, and Annobón moist lowland forests


. 28 bird species, all forest dwellers, are endemic to ecoregion. Seven species are endemic to Príncipe. The endemic subspecies of olive ibis on Príncipe, "B. o. rothschildi", is probably the rarest bird in the archipelago. Sixteen species are endemic to São Tomé, with two endemic genera. These include the São Tomé ibis ("Bostrychia bocagei"), São Tomé olive pigeon ("Columba thomensis"), São Tomé scops-owl ("Otus hartlaubi"), São Tomé fiscal ("Lanius
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Parque Natural Obô de São Tomé


200, the 200 most important biological areas on the planet. The forest of Obo is listed as an Important Bird Area (IBA) of Africa. There are about 700 plant species on the island of São Tomé, of which 95 endemic. Flora includes the evergreen coniferous "Afrocarpus mannii". Orchids, ferns and mosses are common in the area. There are 16 endemic bird species on the island, including São Tomé olive pigeon ("Columba thomensis"), São Tomé ibis ("Bostrychia bocagei"),
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Lemon dove


Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern". It differs from the other African pigeons of the genus "Columba" by its terrestrial habits and the white face and forehead of adult males; it is therefore sometimes separated in the genus "Aplopelia". Some treat the Gulf of Guinea populations (São Tomé lemon-dove) as a separate species "C. simplex" (or "A. simplex"), others as subspecies of "C. larvata". In the latter case, the
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Island bronze-naped pigeon


The island bronze-naped pigeon ("Columba malherbii"), also known as the São Tomé bronze-naped pigeon, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Gulf of Guinea islands of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea), São Tomé and Príncipe (São Tomé and Príncipe). Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest. It is part of the subgenus "Turturoena". The species of birds was described by Jules and Edouard Verreaux in 1851. The species has been
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São Tomé ibis


The São Tomé ibis ("Bostrychia bocagei"), also known as the dwarf olive ibis, is a critically endangered bird that is endemic to São Tomé off the western coast of Central Africa. Once thought to be a subspecies of the larger olive ibis, it is now classified as a distinct species. The São Tomé ibis's measurements include: wings 248 mm; bill 73 mm; tarsus 52 mm; and tail 95 mm. The head is dull olive with black surrounding the eyes and base of the bill.
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Parque Natural Obô de São Tomé


The Obô Natural Park of São Tomé () is a natural park of São Tomé and Príncipe, covering of the island of São Tomé. It was established in 2006. It has not yet been assigned to a IUCN protected area category. It covers parts of the districts of Caué, Lemba, Lobata and Mé-Zóchi. The Natural Park covers three geographically separated zones: The park is known internationally amongst conservationists for its biologically rich dense virgin rainforests. It is also characterized by a wide range of biotopes, from lowland
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List of mammals of São Tomé and Príncipe


This is a list of the mammal species recorded in São Tomé and Príncipe. These are the native terrestrial and naturally occurring marine mammal species in São Tomé and Príncipe, of which two are critically endangered, one is endangered, and two are near threatened. In addition, six species of terrestrial mammal have been introduced to the islands, and eight domestic species have become feral or otherwise pose a threat to the native fauna. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for
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São Tomé, Príncipe, and Annobón moist lowland forests


("Dicrurus modestus"), which inhabit both São Tomé and Príncipe, and the São Tomé bronze-naped pigeon ("Columba malherbii") which inhabits both São Tomé and Annobón. The Tinhosas islands are home to the largest seabird colonies in the Gulf of Guinea, with breeding colonies of sooty terns ("Onychoprion fuscatus", 100,000 breeding pairs), black noddies ("Anous minutus", 10,000–20,000 breeding pairs), brown noddies ("Anous stolidus", 4,000–8,000 breeding pairs), brown boobies ("
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Vicente do Espirito Santo


Vicente do Espirito Santo, O.A.D. (1730–1788) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as the first Prelate of Goiás (1782–1788) and Bishop of São Tomé e Príncipe (1778–1782). Vicente do Espirito Santo was born in Belém, Portugal on 15 Oct 1730 and ordained a deacon in the Order of Discalced Augustinians on 22 Sep 1754 and ordained a priest on 29 Sep 1754. On 30 Dec 1778, he was selected as Bishop of São Tomé e Príncipe and confirmed by Pope Pius VI on 1 Mar 1779. On
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São Tomé grosbeak


The São Tomé grosbeak ("Crithagra concolor") is the largest member of the canary genus "Crithagra", 50% heavier than the next largest canary species, and possesses a massive bill for a member of that genus. It is endemic to the island of São Tomé. For a long period this bird was known only from three nineteenth-century specimens. It was rediscovered in 1991. The current population is estimated at less than 250, and it is classified as critically endangered by the IUCN. The main threat
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Wildlife of São Tomé and Príncipe


's birds are considered to be threatened with extinction and three, the dwarf olive ibis, São Tomé fiscal and São Tomé grosbeak, are critically endangered. There are seven amphibian species native to São Tomé and Príncipe, all of them endemic: six frogs ("Leptopelis palmatus", "Hyperolius molleri", "H. thomensis", "Phrynobatrachus dispar", "P. leveleve", and "Ptychadena newtoni") and one caecilian, the cobra bobo "Schistometopum thomense". Exactly how these species (or their ancestors
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Demographics of São Tomé and Príncipe


This article is about the demographic features of the population of São Tomé and Príncipe, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Of São Tomé and Príncipe's total population of some 201,800, about 193,380 live on São Tomé and 8,420 on Príncipe. All are descended from various ethnic groups that have migrated to the islands since 1485. Six groups are identifiable: Although a small country, São Tomé and Príncipe has four national languages:
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São Tomé shrew


Tomé shrew, results in loss of their primary habitat which affects them because of their small size and thus limited range. Unintentional and intentional introduction of other invasive species has taken a toll on their existence because of the increased competition for food. Conservation efforts have largely failed because very little information is available on the São Tomé shrew. In 2004 the International Union for Conservation of Nature listed them as critically endangered, because they were only known from a single area of São Tomé, where their habitat is tropical montane moist forest.
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Leandro de Santo Agostinho da Piedade


Leandro de Santo Agostinho da Piedade, O.A.D. (1688–1740) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of São Tomé e Príncipe (1738–1740). Leandro de Santo Agostinho da Piedade was born on 14 Nov 1688 in Lisbon, Portugal and ordained a priest in the Order of Discalced Augustinians on 31 Dec 1712. He was ordained a deacon in the order on 27 Dec 1713. On 21 Jul 1738, he was selected as the Bishop of São Tomé e Príncipe and confirmed by Pope Clement XII on 3 Sep 1738.
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Wildlife of São Tomé and Príncipe


rats and feral pigs. At least 114 bird species have occurred on the islands and there are about 26 endemics, depending on taxonomy. At least three have no close relatives and are classified in genera of their own, the São Tomé short-tail, São Tomé grosbeak and Dohrn's thrush-babbler. The islands' birds include the world's largest sunbird (the giant sunbird) and the smallest ibis (dwarf olive ibis). Large seabird colonies are found on some of the smaller islets. Several of the country
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Labour Relations (Public Service) Convention, 1978


Poland, 26 Jul 1982; Portugal, 09 Jan 1981; Russian Federation, 19 Sep 2014; San Marino, 19 Apr 1988; São Tomé and Príncipe, 4 May 2005; Seychelles, 23 Nov 1999; Slovakia, 22 Feb 2010; Slovenia, 20 Sep 2010; Spain, 18 Sep 1984; Suriname, 29 Sep 1981; Sweden, 11 Jun 1979; Switzerland, 03 Mar 1981; The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 22 Jul 2013; Tunisia, 11 Feb 2014; Turkey, 12 Jul 1993;
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Miniopterus newtoni


M. minor" and "M. newtoni" were synonymous. Juste et al. published that "M. newtoni" and "M. minor" had a genetic distance significant enough to regard each as separate species. It has a forearm length of approximately . "M. newtoni" is endemic to the nation of São Tomé and Príncipe, where it has only been documented on São Tomé Island. It has been documented in both forested habitat and plantations. As of 2019, it is evaluated as a data deficient species by the IUCN.
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Phrynobatrachus leveleve


Phrynobatrachus leveleve is a species of frogs in the Phrynobatrachidae family. It is endemic to São Tomé and Príncipe and is listed as least concern by the IUCN. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, plantations, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forest, and ponds. They are found on the island of São Tomé and the associated Ilhéu das Rolas in areas up to 1,412 meters above sea level. The species name "leveleve
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Outline of São Tomé and Príncipe


Tomé and Príncipe Regions of São Tomé and Príncipe List of ecoregions in São Tomé and Príncipe Administrative divisions of São Tomé and Príncipe Districts of São Tomé and Príncipe Demographics of São Tomé and Príncipe Government of São Tomé and Príncipe Court system of São Tomé and Príncipe Foreign relations of São Tomé and Príncipe The Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe is a member of: Law of São Tomé and Príncipe Military of São Tomé and Príncipe Local government in São Tomé and Príncipe History of São Tomé and Príncipe Culture of São Tomé and Príncipe
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2012 São Tomé and Príncipe Championship


The 2012 São Tomé and Principe Championship was the 27th season of the São Tomé and Principe Championship the top-level football championship of São Tomé and Principe. It began on 1 May and concluded on 5 November. Sporting Clube do Principe from São Tomé island won their second title. 15 teams participated in the São Tomé and Principe Championship, 10 from São Tomé Island and 5 from Príncipe Island. At the end of season champion of São Tomé Island League and champion of Principe Island League play one match for champion of São
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2013 São Tomé and Príncipe Championship


The 2013 São Tomé and Principe Championship was the 28th season of the São Tomé and Principe Championship the top-level football championship of São Tomé and Principe. It began in 13 April and concluded on 16 September. Two national final matches occurred in the season. Sporting Praia Cruz from São Tomé island won their second title. 16 teams participated in the São Tomé and Principe Championship, 10 from São Tomé Island and 6 from Príncipe Island. At the end of season champion of São Tomé Island League and champion of Principe Island
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Air São Tomé and Príncipe


Air São Tomé and Príncipe (Linhas Aéreas de São Tomé e Príncipe, Lda) was an airline based in São Tomé, São Tomé and Príncipe. It operated scheduled services within the islands and to neighbouring Gabon. Its main base was São Tomé International Airport. It lost its only aircraft in an accident in 2006. The airline was established and started operations on 1 October 1993. It replaced the former flag carrier Equatorial International Airlines. It was owned by TAP Portugal (40%), government of São Tomé and Príncipe
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Roman Catholic Diocese of São Tomé and Príncipe


The Roman Catholic Diocese of São Tomé and Príncipe () is a diocese, immediately subject to the Holy See, with its seat in the city of São Tomé in São Tomé and Príncipe. It covers the territory of the Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe. , 112,000 or 57.4% of the inhabitants of São Tomé and Príncipe were catholic. The diocese was established on 3 November 1534 as the "Diocese of Tomé" from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Funchal in Portugal. The diocese initially included the Portuguese controlled or Christian areas of
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2014 São Tomé and Príncipe Championship


The 2014 São Tomé and Principe Championship was the 29th season of the São Tomé and Principe Championship the top-level football championship of São Tomé and Principe. It began in 10 May (a week later than scheduled ) and concluded on December 17. Two national final matches occurred in the season. UDRA from São Tomé island won their first and only title. 36 teams participated in the São Tomé and Principe Championship, 30 from São Tomé Island (10 in each division) and 6 from Príncipe Island. At the end
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2015 São Tomé and Príncipe Championship


The 2015 São Tomé and Principe Championship was the 30th season of the São Tomé and Principe Championship the top-level football championship of São Tomé and Principe. It began on 9 May, a day earlier than last season and concluded on 21 November. Two national final matches occurred in the season. Sporting Praia Cruz from São Tomé island won their seventh and recent title. 35 teams participated in the São Tomé and Principe Championship, 30 from São Tomé Island (10 in each division) and 5 from Príncipe Island. At
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2016 São Tomé and Príncipe Championship


The 2016 São Tomé and Principe Championship was the 31st season of the São Tomé and Principe Championship the top-level football championship of São Tomé and Principe. It began on 21 May, a day earlier than last season and concluded on 21 December. Two national final matches occurred in the season. Sporting Praia Cruz from São Tomé island won their seventh and recent title. 38 teams participated in the São Tomé and Principe Championship, 32 from São Tomé Island (12 in the Premier Division, 10 in the lower two divisions
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2011 São Tomé and Príncipe Championship


The São Tomé and Principe Championship 2011 was the 26th season of the São Tomé and Principe Championship the top-level football championship of São Tomé and Principe. It began on 16 April 2011 and concluded on November 2011. Sporting Clube do Príncipe club from Príncipe island are the defending champions. 18 teams participated in the São Tomé and Principe Championship, 12 teams from São Tomé Island and 6 teams from Príncipe Island . At the end of season champion of São Tomé Island League and champion of Principe Island League play one match for
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Parque Natural Obô de São Tomé


São Tomé fiscal ("Lanius newtoni"), São Tomé shorttail ("Amaurocichlia bocagei"), São Tomé grosbeak ("Crithagra concolor"), Giant sunbird ("Dreptes thomensis"), São Tomé oriole ("Oriolus crassirostris") and São Tomé thrush ("Turdus olivaceofuscus"). The amphibians "Ptychadena newtoni", "Hyperolius thomensis", "Hyperolius molleri", "Phrynobatrachus leveleve", and "Schistometopum thomense" are found in the park. The shrew "Crocidura thomensis" is the
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Sporting Clube de São Tomé


Sporting Clube de São Tomé is a football club based in the national capital São Tomé, in the island of São Tomé in São Tomé and Príncipe. The team is part of the São Tome Island Football Association and the Santomean Football Association. The club is historically the second best club both on the island and in the nation. Sporting São Tomé is the fathering club of Sporting Clube de Portugal and is the 183rd affiliate. The team was one of the archipelago's first. Their first provincial title was won in 1952,
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São Tomé and Príncipe national football team


The São Tomé and Príncipe national football team is the national association football team of São Tomé and Príncipe and is controlled by the São Toméan Football Federation. It is a member of the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and FIFA. São Tomé and Príncipe's first match was against Chad in Gabon as part of the Central African Games. They lost by a score of 5–0. Their next game was a horrendous 11–0 loss to Congo, São Tomé's largest loss to date. São Tomé ended off the competition with a
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List of birds of São Tomé and Príncipe


on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed. There are 131 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in São Tomé and Príncipe. Order: PasseriformesFamily: Zosteropidae The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower
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São Tomé Island


São Tomé Island, at , is the largest island of São Tomé and Príncipe and is home in May 2018 to about 193,380 or 96% of the nation's population. The island is divided into six districts. It is located 2 km (1¼ miles) north of the equator. São Tomé Island is about long (north-south) by wide (east-west). It rises to at Pico de São Tomé and includes the capital city, São Tomé, on the northeast coast. The nearest city on
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São Tomé


São Tomé is the capital and largest city of São Tomé and Príncipe. Its name is Portuguese for "Saint Thomas". It had an estimated population of 71,868 in 2015, accounting for over a third of the total population of the country (208,000). Álvaro Caminha founded the colony of São Tomé in 1493. The Portuguese came to São Tomé in search of land to grow sugarcane. The island was uninhabited before the arrival of the Portuguese sometime around 1470. São Tomé, situated about north of the equator, had
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Água Grande District


Água Grande is a district of São Tomé and Príncipe, on São Tomé Island. Its capital, São Tomé, is also the national capital of the equatorial Atlantic island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe. Covering only , it is the smallest of the nation's seven districts in terms of area, but the largest in population with 69,454 residents in 2012 rising to an estimated 77,700 in 2018. It is divided into the two statistical subdistricts São Tomé and Pantufo. The main settlement is the town São Tomé. Other settlements are
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Cameroon line


(São Tomé ibis, São Tomé fiscal and São Tomé grosbeak). "Schistometopum thomense", a bright yellow species of caecilian, is endemic to São Tomé. As of 2010, São Tomé and Príncipe, an independent nation, had an estimated population of 167,000, most of whom lived on São Tomé island. The main language is Portuguese, but there are many speakers of Forro and Angolar (Ngola), two Portuguese-based creole languages. The economy is mainly based on tourism. Agriculture is important near the
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São Tomé


several clinics and hospitals, the country's main airport - São Tomé International Airport (with direct regular scheduled flights to Angola, Gabon, Ghana and Portugal as well as occasional domestic flights to Príncipe), and many squares ("praças"). São Tomé also serves as the centre of the island's road and bus networks. The town is well known for the tchiloli playing. São Tomé is served by São Tomé International Airport with regular flights to Europe and other African Countries. São Tomé features a tropical wet and
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List of airports in São Tomé and Príncipe


This is a list of airports in São Tomé and Príncipe, sorted by location. São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Africa. It consists of two islands: São Tomé and Príncipe, located about apart and about , respectively, off the northwestern coast of Gabon. São Tomé and Príncipe are located between the islands of Annobón and Bioko, both part of Equatorial Guinea. The nation
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Sea Shepherd Conservation Society


Coast guard in Sicily (Operation Siracusa), Mexican Navy (Operation Milagro) and the Coastguards of Gabon and São Tomé and Príncipe (Operation Albacore) which included having Gabonese military marines aboard. Starting in September 2010, Sea Shepherd Conservation Society has positioned a crew in Taiji, Japan to monitor and report their annual dolphin drive hunt. Sea Shepherd is a non-governmental, non-profit environmental organization. In the United States it has a 501(c)(3) tax exempt status. Most of the organization's revenue—83.2 percent—is
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Pico de São Tomé


Pico de São Tomé is the highest mountain in São Tomé and Príncipe at elevation. It lies just west of the centre of São Tomé Island, in the Parque Natural Obô de São Tomé and in the Lembá District. The second highest point, Pico de Ana Chaves (), lies about 3 km to its south east. The town Santa Catarina is 8 km to the west. The entire island of São Tomé is a massive shield volcano which rises from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, over below sea level.
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São Tomé and Príncipe–Taiwan relations


São Tomé and Príncipe–Taiwan relations are relations between São Tomé and Príncipe and the Republic of China (ROC). Official bilateral relations began in 1997 and ended in 2016. São Tomé and Príncipe declared independence from Portugal on 12 July 1975 and recognized the People's Republic of China (PRC) on the same day. Bilateral relations between São Tomé and Príncipe and the Republic of China were first established on 6 May 1997. In accordance with the One-China policy, the PRC suspended relations with São Tomé and Príncipe
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2018 São Tomé and Príncipe Championship


The 2018 São Tomé and Principe Championship is the 33rd season of the São Tomé and Principe Championship the top-level football championship of São Tomé and Principe. There are two separate championships, one for teams of São Tomé Island and one for teams of Príncipe Island. The champions of the two island championships play a home-and-away two-legged final to decide the overall champions. Final table. São Tomé's played their next top tier match in a few decades, they suffered their first two losses, first
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Banco Internacional de São Tomé e Príncipe


Banco Internacional de São Tomé e Príncipe (BISTP) is the largest and oldest commercial bank in São Tomé and Príncipe. It consists of a head office and 14 branches. Its name is literally the International Bank of São Tomé and Príncipe. The bank was formed when the government converted National Bank of São Tomé and Príncipe from a combined central, development, and commercial bank into a pure central bank, Central Bank of São Tomé and Príncipe, on March 3, 1993. The government joined with two Portuguese banks, Banco
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São Tomé and Príncipe–United States relations


São Tomé and Príncipe – United States relations are bilateral relations between São Tomé and Príncipe and the United States. The U.S. Ambassador based at the embassy in Libreville, Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome on a non-resident basis. The Ambassador and Embassy staff make regular visits to the islands. The US State Department has described relations with São Tomé and Príncipe as excellent. São Tomé and Príncipe began developing foreign relations following her independence in 1975. The United States was among the first countries to accredit an ambassador to São Tomé
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São Tomé and Príncipe–Taiwan relations


on 11 July 1997. In February 1998, ROC Foreign Minister Jason Hu made an official visit to São Tomé and Príncipe. São Tomé and Príncipe President Miguel Trovoada visited Taiwan in June of that year. São Tomé granted Taiwan landing visa privileges in 2012. In 2013, the PRC established a trade office in São Tomé, and the next year President Manuel Pinto da Costa visited China in a private capacity. Bilateral relations between São Tomé and Príncipe and the Republic of China were terminated on 21 December 2016 by Taiwan due to
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List of football clubs in São Tomé and Príncipe by competitive honours won


This is a list of the honours won by football clubs in São Tomé and Príncipe. It lists every association football club in São Tomé and Príncipe to have won any of the trophies both at the national and the regional level. Santomean clubs never won any major official African competition. It lists every Santomean association football club to have won any of the major domestic trophies, the São Tomé and Príncipe Championship, the São Tomé and Príncipe Cup and the São Tomé and Príncipe Super Cup. It lists the overall honours won before
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São Tomé and Príncipe Championship


São Tomé and Principe Championship is the top division of the São Toméan Football Federation. Currently, there are 16 teams participating at the tier-one competitions of São Tomé and Principe, 10 teams from São Tomé Island and 6 teams from Príncipe Island. The championship is decided in a match between the São Tomé Island champions and the Príncipe Island champions. The champion heads to the qualifying round of the CAF Champions League each season, for some seasons, there were no participants. Since 1998, the champion competes in the São
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São Tomé shrew


The São Tomé shrew ("Crocidura thomensis") is a white-toothed shrew about long found only on São Tomé Island, São Tomé and Príncipe. It is listed as a critically endangered species due to habitat loss and a restricted range. It was discovered in 1886. The population continues to decrease, making these animals rare. It is found only on São Tomé Island, a small island that is actually a shield volcano that rises out of the Atlantic Ocean. Deforestation, the primary cause of endangerment of the São
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Independent Democratic Union of São Tomé and Príncipe


The Independent Democratic Union of São Tomé and Príncipe (UDISTP) was a political party formed by São Toméan exiles based in Portugal who opposed the socialist policies of the single party Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP) government. In 1986, another São Toméan exiled opposition party, the National Resistance Front of São Tomé and Príncipe (FRNSTP) formed a coalition with the UDISTP after being expelled from Gabon and relocating to Portugal. Both groups agreed to seek political changes in São Tomé and Príncipe by non-
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Ana Chaves Bay


Ana Chaves Bay () is a bay on the northeast coast of São Tomé Island in São Tomé and Príncipe. The capital city of São Tomé and its port are situated by the bay. It stretches from the Ponta Oque del Rei in the north to Ponta São Sebastião in the south. Forte de São Sebastião, now part of São Sebastião Museum, occupies Ponta São Sebastião. The port of São Tomé was built at the end of the 1950s on reclaimed land that extends north of Ponta São Sebastião; there is a
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São Tomé


Rei Amador took control of the capital; they were subjugated the following year. In 1599, the Dutch took the city as well as the islands for two days; they re-occupied it in 1641 for a year. The city served as the capital of the Portuguese colony of São Tomé and Príncipe and, from São Tomé and Príncipe's independence in 1975, as capital of the sovereign nation. Important as a port, São Tomé is located on Ana Chaves Bay in the northeast of São Tomé Island, and Ilhéu
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National Resistance Front of São Tomé and Príncipe


The National Resistance Front of São Tomé and Príncipe (FRNSTP) was a political party founded in 1981 by São Toméan exiles who opposed the socialist policies of the single party Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP) government, and sought its overthrow. Based in Gabon under the leadership of Carlos da Graça, the movement was expelled from the country in 1986 as relations between Gabon and São Tomé improved. Carlos da Graça ceased to be a member and remained in Gabon, before returning to São Tomé and becoming
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São Tomé oriole


The São Tomé oriole ("Oriolus crassirostris"), or great-billed oriole, is a species of bird in the family Oriolidae. The species was named by Gustav Hartlaub in 1857. It is endemic to the island of São Tomé. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is widely distributed throughout the island of São Tomé, except the northeast (the urban area of São Tomé). It is most abundant in
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Presidential Palace of São Tomé e Príncipe


The Presidential Palace of São Tomé e Príncipe (Portuguese: "Palácio Presidencial de São Tomé e Príncipe", also known as "Palácio do Povo") is the official residence of the President of the Republic of Sao Tome and Principe and located in the capital, São Tomé. The structure was built in the mid-19th century as an administrative center for the governor of the colony, renovated in 1954, and became the residence of the president of the country at the time of independence of São Tomé e Príncipe in 1975.
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Our Lady of Grace Cathedral, São Tomé


The Our Lady of Grace Cathedral (), also called Cathedral of São Tomé, is a church in the city of São Tomé, capital of the African and island country of São Tomé and Príncipe. It is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of São Tomé and Príncipe. It stands at Praça do Povo (People's Square) in the city centre, close to the Presidential Palace. Construction of the first church of Our Lady of Grace was started at the end of the fifteenth century under Captain Álvaro de Caminha
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Politics of São Tomé and Príncipe


The politics of São Tomé and Príncipe takes place in a framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of São Tomé and Príncipe is head of state and the Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe is head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the President and the Government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. São Tomé has functioned under a multiparty system since
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Porto Alegre, São Tomé and Príncipe


Porto Alegre (Portuguese for "Happy Port") is a village in Caué District on São Tomé Island in São Tomé and Príncipe. Its population is 795 (2012 census). Porto Alegre lies 2.5 km northeast of the southernmost point of São Tomé Island, Ponta Homem da Capa. It is 1.5 km west of Ponta Baleia, 17 km southwest of São João dos Angolares and 40 km southwest of the capital São Tomé. Across the Canal das Rolas lies the Ilhéu das Rolas. On the east side of Ponta Homem
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India–São Tomé and Príncipe relations


India–São Tomé and Príncipe relations refers to the international relations that exist between India and São Tomé and Príncipe (STP). The Embassy of India in Luanda, Angola is concurrently accredited to São Tomé and Príncipe. STP maintains an Honorary Consul in New Delhi. Relations between India and São Tomé and Príncipe have traditionally been friendly, particularly after the independence of the latter in 1975. The first high-level visit between the two countries took place from 29 November to 2 December 2009, when São Toméan Minister of Foreign
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Outline of São Tomé and Príncipe


The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to São Tomé and Príncipe: São Tomé and Príncipe – island nation located in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Africa. The republic comprises two main islands: São Tomé Island and Príncipe Island, located about apart and about and , respectively, off the northwestern coast of Gabon. Both islands are part of an extinct volcanic mountain range. São Tomé, the sizable southern island, is situated just north of the equator. It was named
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National Library of São Tomé and Príncipe


The National Library of São Tomé and Príncipe () is located in the capital city of São Tomé in São Tomé and Príncipe. It is responsible for the technical coordination of public libraries and the promotion of books and reading. It is also the legal deposit of the country, according to a law created in 1952 during colonial rule. Before independence in 1975, the library of the São Tomé town hall was the most important library in the colony housing about 5,000 books. Since independence, more services were housed in the town
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2009–10 São Tomé and Príncipe Championship


The 2009–10 São Tomé and Principe Championship was the 25th season of the São Tomé and Principe Championship the top-level football championship of São Tomé and Principe. It began on May 2009 and finished on March 2010. GD Sundy was the eleventh club to win the championship and brought the number of titles that Príncipe won by any club to five. After the cancellation of the football (soccer) competitions in São Tomé in 2008, the national championship was cancelled. The 2009 season suffered problems on the finishing date, the championship
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São Tomé and Príncipe


São Tomé Province and Príncipe Province) and six districts. Since the new constitution was adopted in 1990, the provinces have been abolished, and the districts are the only administrative subdivisions. Since 29 April 1995, the island of Príncipe is an autonomous region, coterminous with the district of Pagué. The larger island of São Tomé is divided into six districts and Príncipe island into one: São Tomé Island Príncipe Island The islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, situated in the equatorial Atlantic and Gulf of Guinea about , respectively, off
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Associação dos Escuteiros de São Tomé e Príncipe


The Associação dos Escuteiros de São Tomé e Príncipe (AESTP, roughly "Scout Association of São Tomé and Príncipe") is the national Scouting organization of São Tomé and Príncipe. The organization was founded in 1993 and is affiliated to the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM), since 11 May 2017. It is a member of the Comunidade do Escutismo Lusófono ("Community of Lusophone Scouting"). In 1995, the organization had 421 members. Scouting was introduced to São Tomé and Príncipe in 1970, following
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Law of São Tomé and Príncipe


The Law of São Tomé e Príncipe derives from Portuguese Civil law and is based on statutes. The Constitution of São Tomé e Príncipe, in force since 2003, is the supreme law of the country and is the characterized by its rigid written form. The law of São Tomé e Príncipe is largely derived from Portuguese civil law and is related to the Roman-Germanic legal tradition. This means that the legal system is based on statutes. The Constitution of São Tomé e Príncipe, in force since 2003, is the supreme
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Elections in São Tomé and Príncipe


Elections in São Tomé and Príncipe gives information on election and election results in São Tomé and Príncipe. São Tomé and Príncipe elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The National Assembly ("Assembleia Nacional") has 55 members, elected for a four-year term in seven multi-member constituencies by proportional representation. São Tomé and Príncipe has a multi-party system. The next legislative elections take place
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São Tomé, Príncipe, and Annobón moist lowland forests


The São Tomé, Príncipe, and Annobón moist lowland forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion that covers the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, which form the island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe, as well as the island of Annobón, which is part of Equatorial Guinea. The three islands are volcanic, part of the Cameroon Line of volcanoes that extends from Annobón in the southwest, through the islands of São Tomé, Príncipe, and Bioko, and onto the mainland as Mount Cameroon and the volcanoes of the Cameroon
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Portugal–São Tomé and Príncipe relations


Portugal – São Tomé and Príncipe relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Portugal and São Tomé and Príncipe. São Tomé and Príncipe was a colony of the Portuguese Empire from the 1490s until 1975, when it received independence. In 2009, Portugal was the largest importer to its former colonial possession by a wide margin; a majority of the island nation's imports (close to 59%) came from Portugal. Portugal was the fourth largest importer of goods from São Tomé and Príncipe, taking in approximately 4.3% of
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São Tomé fiscal


The São Tomé fiscal ("Lanius newtoni"), or Newton's fiscal, is a species of bird in the family Laniidae. It is endemic to São Tomé Island, São Tomé and Príncipe. It is 20 to 21 centimeters long. The bird is black above with a white shoulder-scapular bar. The São Tomé fiscal has a pale yellow chin, breast, belly, flanks vent and under tail. Its graduated tail has all black central tail feathers and an increasing amount of white on outer web from inner
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Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada


in Canada) and 15 wildlife species that are Extinct (X). The other category is not at risk (NAR). COSEWIC provides online updated status reports on designated species. COSEWIC bases its quantitative criteria for species' status assessment on the revised IUCN Red List, the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. COSEWIC provides International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's main authority on the conservation status of species, with a Regional Red List. IUCN.
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São Tomé International Airport


São Tomé International Airport () is a minor international airport located on São Tomé Island, from the city of São Tomé. It is the main airport serving São Tomé and Príncipe. The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 11/29 with an asphalt surface measuring . During the 1967-70 secession war from Nigeria (Nigerian Civil War), the airport served as the major base of operations for the Biafran airlift. The airlift was an international humanitarian relief effort (the largest civilian
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São Tomé and Príncipe


agency. About 193,380 people live on São Tomé and 8,420 on Príncipe. Natural increase is about 4,000 people per year. Nearly all are descended from people from different countries taken to the islands by the Portuguese from 1470 onwards. In the 1970s, two significant population movements occurred — the exodus of most of the 4,000 Portuguese residents and the influx of several hundred São Tomé refugees from Angola. Distinct ethnic groups on São Tomé and Príncipe include: Portuguese is the official and the "de facto" national language of São Tomé and
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São Tomé, Príncipe, and Annobón moist lowland forests


Sula leucogaster," 1,500–3,000 breeding pairs) and small numbers of white-tailed tropicbirds ("Phaethon lepturus"). The ecoregion is home to three endemic mammal species: the São Tomé shrew ("Crocidura thomensis"), São Tomé collared fruit bat ("Myonycteris brachycephala") and São Tomé free-tailed bat ("Chaerephon tomensis"). Protected areas in the ecoregion include Obo Natural Park, which includes the Tinhosas islands and portions of São Tomé and Príncipe islands, and the Annobón Natural Reserve on Annobón
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China–São Tomé and Príncipe relations


In 1997, São Tomé and Príncipe recognized the Republic of China as the sole legitimate government of China. However, in 2013, the People's Republic of China established a trade office in São Tomé and Príncipe, and the next year President Manuel Pinto da Costa visited China in a private capacity. Bilateral relations between São Tomé and Príncipe and the Republic of China were terminated on 21 December 2016. Hereafter, São Tomé and Príncipe established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, and in April 2017, a People
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São Tomé and Príncipe Championship


championship title are from the island of São Tomé. By island, São Tomé has the most champ titles with 23 over Príncipe's 7 titles won by two clubs. By district, Água Grande of São Tomé is the leader with 15 which is less than half, Pagué of Príncipe has 7 titles (more than 20%), the remaining are of São Tomé, Me-Zochi has five, Lobata and now Caué has each two and Cantagalo has one. Lobata, Cantagalo and Caué's totals were won by only
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Taça Regional de São Tomé


Taça Regional de São Tomé, literally the São Tomé Regional Cup is the regional knockout tournament of the island of São Tomé, it was unilaterally created in 1981 and was entirely created in 2001. The winner competes with the Príncipe Cup winner in the São Tomé and Príncipe Cup. From 1981 to 1984, the regional cup was also the national cup as Príncipe did not had its own cup competition at the time. In 2017, the season had a club short due to Juba de Diogo Simão's withdrawal due to its dropping
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Movement of Independent Citizens of São Tomé and Príncipe


The Movement of Independent Citizens of São Tomé and Príncipe (abbreviated MCISTP; ) is a political party on São Tomé and Príncipe founded in 2018 by the two Monteiros brothers, who represented the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP/PSD) in the National Assembly until May 2018. Its main base is the southernmost municipality on São Tomé, Caué. At the 2018 parliamentary elections it got 1,659 votes and won two seats in the Caué constituency. The party only received 608 votes outside of Caué. In
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Andaman green pigeon


The Andaman green pigeon ("Treron chloropterus") is a pigeon in the genus "Treron". It is found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Many authorities split the species from the pompadour green pigeon complex.It has been added in the 2014 Red List of International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) in July 2014. The Andaman green pigeon usually occur singly or in small groups. Its flight is fast and direct, with the regular beats and an occasional sharp flick of the wings that are characteristic of pigeons in
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São Tomé and Príncipe at the 2012 Summer Olympics


respective events. São Tomé and Príncipe participated in five Summer Olympic games between its debut in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. The highest number of São Tomé and Príncipe athletes participating in a summer games is three in the 2008 games in Beijing, China. No São Tomé and Príncipe athlete has ever won a medal at the Olympics. Two track and field athletes from São Tomé and Príncipe were selected to compete in the London games: Christopher Lima da Costa in the men's 100 m
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2009–10 São Tomé and Príncipe Championship


final took place on March 2010 The island and national football (soccer) competitions were cancelled for the 2010 season, the previous cancellations occurred in 2005, 2006 and in 2008. The next season occurred in 2011, a year after the cancellation. 18 teams participated in the São Tomé and Principe Championship, 12 teams from São Tomé Island and 6 teams from Príncipe Island . At the end of season champion of São Tomé Island League and champion of Principe Island League play one match for champion of São Tomé and Principe. This
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Gabon–São Tomé and Príncipe Maritime Border Agreement


The Gabon – São Tomé and Príncipe Maritime Border Agreement is a 2001 treaty between Gabon and São Tomé and Príncipe which delimits the maritime boundary between the two countries. The agreement was signed in São Tomé on 26 April 2001. The boundary set out by the text of the treaty is a relatively straight north–south line and is explicitly defined as an equidistant line between the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe and mainland Gabon. The boundary consists of five straight-line maritime segments defined by six individual coordinate points. The theoretical
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2017 São Tomé and Príncipe Championship


The 2017 São Tomé and Principe Championship was the 32nd season of the São Tomé and Principe Championship the top-level football championship of São Tomé and Principe. There are two separate championships, one for teams of São Tomé Island and one for teams of Príncipe Island. The champions of the two island championships play a home-and-away two-legged final to decide the overall champions. The third division featured 10 clubs. 1.Otótó 16 10 4 2 39-18 34 [*6,*16] Promoted Both Ototó (1st
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Transport in São Tomé and Príncipe


Transport in São Tomé and Príncipe relies primarily on road infrastructure for local needs and airports and sea travel for international needs. São Tomé and Príncipe does not have railways. In 1999 the country's merchant marine fleet included 9 ships (1,000 GT or over) totaling 43,587 GT/—four cargo ships, one container ship, one refrigerated cargo ship and three roll-on/roll-off ships. On São Tomé Island, there are seaports in São Tomé by Ana Chaves Bay, another in Neves which is not only fishing but a
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Henry Nevinson


status to that of voluntary workers who agreed to go to São Tomé for five years. Despite ill health so severe that he feared he had been poisoned Nevinson followed the slaves' journey to São Tomé. He found conditions on the plantations so harsh that one in five workers died each year. His account was serialised in the magazine from August 1905 and published as "A Modern Slavery" by Harper and Bros in 1906. He was also a suffragist, is one of the founders in 1907 of the Men's League for
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National Resistance Front of São Tomé and Príncipe – Renewal


The National Resistance Front of São Tomé and Príncipe-Renewal (FRNSTP-R) was a political movement of São Toméan exiles who opposed the socialist policies of the single party Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP) government, and sought its overthrow. The FRNSTP-R was formed in 1986 by a small faction of National Resistance Front of São Tomé and Príncipe (FRNSTP) members who refused to give up the idea of armed struggle as a means of overthrowing the São Toméan government. The FRNSTP-
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São Tomé and Príncipe women's national football team


only played in four FIFA recognised matches. On 10 August 2002 in Sao Tome, São Tomé and Príncipe lost to Gabon 0–2 after being down 0–1 at the half. On 24 August 2002 in Libreville, São Tomé and Príncipe lost to Gabon 0–6 after being down 0–3 at the half. They finished last in the first group round, scoring 0 total goals and having 8 scored against them in two games. On 19 February 2006 in São Tomé and Príncipe, São Tomé and Príncipe lost 0–3 to Togo. On 26 February
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Outline of São Tomé and Príncipe


in honor of Saint Thomas by Portuguese explorers who happened to arrive at the island on his feast day. São Tomé and Príncipe is the second-smallest African country in terms of population (the Seychelles being the smallest). It is the smallest country in the world that is not a former British overseas territory, a former United States trusteeship, or one of the European microstates. It is also the smallest Portuguese-speaking country. Geography of São Tomé and Príncipe Environment of São Tomé and Príncipe List of landforms of São
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Transport in São Tomé and Príncipe


, paved roads and unpaved roads. The nation has the highway network (commonly as routes), it consists of three primary highways, the EN1 (São Tomé-Guadalupe-Neves), the EN2 (São Tomé-Santana-São João dos Angolares-Porto Alegre) and the EN3 (São Tomé-Monte Café). It also has secondary roads, some of them area the ES1, ES2 and the ES3. Príncipe has no route numbers. Its bus services are served with minibuses, as to that part
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Spinifex pigeon


The spinifex pigeon ("Geophaps plumifera"), also known as the plumed-pigeon or gannaway pigeon, is one of four endemic Australian bird species within the genus "Geophaps". It occurs within a broader group known as bronzewing pigeons. This species is listed under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List category ‘of least concern’. It most frequently occurs in arid and semi-arid habitats containing hummock-forming grasses of the genera "Triodia" and "Plectrachne". John Gould
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Chatham pigeon


The Chatham pigeon, Chatham Island pigeon, or parea (from Moriori) ("Hemiphaga chathamensis") is a bird endemic to the Chatham Islands in New Zealand. Growing to 800g in weight and 55 cm in length, the Chatham pigeon is a relative of the kereru or New Zealand pigeon ("Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae"). While rated vulnerable by IUCN, it is considered critically threatened in New Zealand. After the population declined to 40 birds in the late 1980s, conservation efforts have helped their numbers increase to around
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Pink pigeon


The pink pigeon ("Nesoenas mayeri") is a species of pigeon in the family Columbidae endemic to Mauritius. The pink pigeon nearly became extinct in the 1990s and is still very rare. It is the only Mascarene pigeon that has not gone extinct. It was on the brink of extinction in 1991 when only 10 individuals remained, but its numbers have increased due to the efforts of the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust since 1977. While the population remains at below 500 birds as of 2011, the IUCN downlisted the species from
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Tourism in Vila Nova de Gaia


the property belonged to Tomé da Costa, a nobleman from Vila Nova de Gaia, therefore it was also known as Quinta da Costa. The building has a semi-public chapel dedicated to São Tomé, a baroque garden with camellias and a large tank of stonework that receives water from the source of São Mamede in Serra de Canelas. There is also a statue dedicated to the writer Eça de Queiroz who fell in love with the daughter of the owner (4th Count of Resende) and married her (Emília de Castro Pamplona
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São Tomé and Príncipe at the 2016 Summer Olympics


to carry the São Tomé and Princípe flag at the opening ceremony. São Tomé and Princípe has yet to win its first Olympic medal. São Tomé and Príncipe participated in six Summer Olympics between its debut in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States and the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The highest number of São Toméans to participate at any single Summer Games was three in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, later equalled in 2016. No São Toméan has ever won a medal at the
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Geophaps


Table 1.1, shows the following information- Common name, scientific name/s, sub-species, size, distribution and IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Red List Status, "Geophaps" species are ground feeding granivores, with studies finding that seeds make up their diet almost entirely, with a small number of insects found in the crops of "Geophaps smithii""." While the Spinifex pigeon is found in arid tussock/spinifex grasslands, the spinifex grass seeds have not been found to
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Santana, São Tomé and Príncipe


Santana (Portuguese for Saint Anne) is a town on the eastern coast of São Tomé Island, which is part of the island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe. It is the seat of Cantagalo District. The population of Santana with the adjacent settlements Cidade Alta, Cova Água, Gomes, Nova Olinda, Picão Flor, Praia Messias Alves, Riboque Santana and Zandrigo is 10,290 (2012). Santana lies 9 km south of the capital São Tomé and 17 km northeast of São João dos Angolares. The islet Ilhéu de
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Catholic Church in São Tomé and Príncipe


The Catholic Church in São Tomé and Príncipe is part of the Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome and forms the largest religion in the country. A majority of the residents São Tomé and Príncipe adhere to Catholicism. In 2005, about 118,000 (88%) residents of São Tome and Principe were members of the Catholic Church. The country consists of a single diocese, Diocese of São Tomé and Príncipe, which has Manuel António Mendes dos Santos as bishop since 2006. The bishop is a member
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UDRA


UDRA (União Desportiva Rei Amador) is a football club that plays in the São Tomé and Príncipe Championship. The team is based in the southern part of the island of São Tomé in the city of São João dos Angolares and plays at Campo de Ribeira Peixe nearby. The club is named after Rei Amador, a slave king in Angolares mythology. UDRA is recently the top 10 successful football (soccer) club in São Tomé Island and has the third most overall honours in São Tomé and Príncipe, having won about 13
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Lembá District


Lembá is a district of São Tomé and Príncipe, on São Tomé Island. Its area is , and its population is 14,652 (2012). The district seat is Neves. It is divided into the two statistical subdistricts Neves and Santa Catarina. Much of the district lies within Parque Natural Obô de São Tomé. The district has the nation's highest point, Pico de São Tomé. The river Xufexufe flows through the district. A few islets are adjacent to the island coast including Gabado and Ilhéu de São Miguel. The
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Goliath imperial pigeon


The goliath imperial pigeon ("Ducula goliath"), also known as the New Caledonian imperial pigeon and the notou, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to New Caledonia. Its natural habitat is humid forests. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as a near-threatened species. This species was described as "Carpophaga" ("Phænorhina") "goliath" by George Robert Gray in 1859. It is a monotypic species. The goliath imperial pigeon
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São Tomé and Príncipe Super Cup


The São Tomé and Príncipe Super Cup (Portuguese: "Super Taça de São Tomé e Príncipe") is a Super Cup competition played during the season in São Tomé and Príncipe. The competition is governed by the São Toméan Football Federation (FSF). The competition is also known for recent seasons as the António Aguiar National Super Cup ("Supertaça Nacional Antònio Aguiar"). The first super cup competition began in 1996.The regional champion competes with the cup winner. Sometimes, if a champion also has a cup title,
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Nuno Espírito Santo


. Espírito Santo became a manager in 2012, leading Rio Ave to both domestic cup finals in 2014 before taking the reins at Valencia. Born in São Tomé, Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe, Nuno started his football career with Vitória S.C. in Guimarães, battling from age 20 with veteran Neno for first-choice status. In January 1997 he was acquired by La Liga's Deportivo de La Coruña, but would spend three of his six seasons in Galicia on loan, backing up Jacques Songo'o (1996–98) and José Francisco Molina
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