Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex [SEP] architect
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Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex


The Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex () is a mosque complex designed and built between 1580 and 1587 by Mimar Sinan, who at the time was in his 90s. The mosque itself was constructed in 1578-1580. The complex is located in the Tophane neighbourhood of the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey. It is named after Kılıç Ali Pasha. It consists of a mosque, a medrese, a hamam, a türbe, and a fountain. Originally, it had been on the coastline, but since the sea in front
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Tophane


Tophane, built by the Ottoman Kapudan-i Derya Kılıç Ali Pasha and designed by the renowned architect Mimar Sinan, is a külliye (group of buildings) which comprises a mosque, a medrese, a hamam, a türbe, and a fountain that were constructed between 1578 and 1587. The Tophane Fountain, situated between Nusretiye Mosque and Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex, was commissioned by Mahmud I and built in 1732. During earlier times the main population of Tophane consisted of Greeks and Armenians, however from the start of the twentieth
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Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex


of it has been filled again, it is now surrounded by other buildings. The complex was built on the orders of the Kapudan-i Derya (Grand Admiral) Kılıç Ali Pasha. When the Pasha was told to build the complex on the sea for being the Chief Captain, he had the mosque built on the land reclaimed from the sea. There are two chronograms that date the mosque, both yielding the year 988 in the Hijri (Islamic) calendar (1580 in the Julian calendar). One of the two
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Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex


of Ottoman and Turkish Naval History in 1948. The Turkish researcher Rasih Nuri İleri claimed during his examination of the complex's foundation documents that Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes was a forced worker at the construction of the complex during his enslavement, like the Captive character in his novel Don Quixote. It is said that when Kılıç Ali Pasha decided to endow a mosque toward the end of his life, he applied to the state for a grant of land (since all land belonged to the state in the Ottoman Empire). He
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Occhiali


flag of the Knights of Malta to Sultan Selim II, who gave him the honorary title of "Kılıç" ("Sword") and on 29 October 1571 appointed him as Kapudan Pasha (Grand Admiral) and Beylerbey of the Isles. He was subsequently known as "Kılıç Ali Pasha". Piyale Pasha and Kılıç Ali Pasha immediately began to rebuild the Ottoman fleet. Kılıç Ali Pasha placed special emphasis on the construction of a number of heavier ships modeled upon the Venetian galleasses, heavier artillery for the galleys, and firearms
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Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex


the courtyard are ornamented. The courtyard also has a marble fountain for ablution before prayer with eight columns and a dome. The outer porch has a sloping roof supported by twelve columns on the west façade and three on each side, all with rhombus-shaped capitals. In the center is a marble portal. At the outer courtyard in the graveyard stands an octagonal türbe with a dome also made by Mimar Sinan. Its wooden doors are inlaid with mother-of-pearl. Kılıç Ali Pasha's tomb lies inside the türbe
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Occhiali


In that same year, the regency of Algiers was transferred to Arab Ahmed, and Don Juan of Austria, the victor of Lepanto, recaptured Tunis. In July 1574, Kılıç Ali Pasha sailed to Tunis with a fleet of 250 galleys and a large army under the command of Cigalazade Sinan Pasha, captured the port fortress of La Goleta on 25 August 1574, and the city of Tunis on 13 September 1574. During this expedition, on 26 July 1574, the forces of Kılıç Ali Pasha constructed an Ottoman fortress on the
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Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex


inscriptions, at the outer entrance of the complex, features a 4-verse poem in jali thuluth calligraphic script in Ottoman Turkish by the poet Ulvî and written by calligrapher Demircikulu Yusuf: Mîr-i bahr â’nî Kılıç Paşa Kapudan-ı zemânbr Yaptı çün bu camii ola yeri Darüsselâmbr Hâtif-i kudsî görüp Ulvî dedi tarihinibr Ehl-i imâna ibâdetgâh olsun bu makam The letters in the final line, “May this be a house of worship for people of the faith,” add up to the number 988. All three doors of
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Hagia Sophia


, including the Blue Mosque, the Şehzade Mosque, the Süleymaniye Mosque, the Rüstem Pasha Mosque and the Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex. The first church on the site was known as the ("Megálē Ekklēsíā", "Great Church"), or in Latin "Magna Ecclesia", because of its larger dimensions in comparison to the contemporary churches in the City. Inaugurated on 15 February 360 (during the reign of Constantius II) by the Arian bishop Eudoxius of Antioch, it was built next to the area where the
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Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex


. The medrese, opposite the southeast corner of the mosque, is almost square. This structure might not be constructed by Mimar Sinan as it is not in the official list of his works, the "Tazkirat-al-Abniya". To the right of the mosque is the hamam, of which the construction was completed in 1583. The glass doors lead into two separate "soğukluks" (cool rooms) that are placed on either sides of the "hararet" (caldarium-hot room) which is hexagonal in
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Tophane Fountain


eaves were rearranged sticking by the original form seen at engravings. In 2006, one of Turkey's largest conglomerates contributed to the renovation and refining works at the fountain. At this occasion, the fountain was supplied with water again. The fountain was built as a stand-alone structure in the type of a "square fountain" (). It looks like a monument, but contributes an architectural integration to the Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex (1580), which is situated nearby. It has the form of a square prism
2480058
Martinus Rørbye


outside the Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex, "A Turkish notary witnesses a marriage contract". Typical of Rørbye are the rich colours and careful attention to detail. He married Rose Frederikke Schiøtt on August 29, 1839. His health was not good, however, and that same autumn he traveled again to Italy in the hope of renewing his strength. He painted ""Torvet i Amalfi"" ("The plaza in Amalfi") during this stay, and it was exhibited in 1842. He returned home again in 1841
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Tophane


survive to this day. In 1823, during the Firuz Agha fire, the barracks were burned down only to be rebuilt later. In addition to this, during the reconstruction effort, the Nusretiye Mosque was constructed. The oldest remaining military buildings within Tophane were the old General Staff Headquarters and the industry barracks. Both were taken down due to construction to widen the road in 1958. In the place of the barracks, all that is remaining now is the historical clock tower and Mecidiye Mansion. The Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex in
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Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex


plan with open bathing places in four of its six arched recesses, the other two opening to the soğukluks. The placement of the soğukluks and the plan of the hararet differ from the usual application carried out by Sinan in his other extant hamams. The central dome of the mosque is in diameter, carried on pendentives on granite piers and two half-domes on the Qibla axis. Towards the entrance, on two sides, there is a two-story gallery. The dome is placed at the center with two exedrae similar
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Sarayönü Mosque


construction date of this mosque varies: some sources put its construction at 1690-91, attributed to "Kıncı (Kılıç) Ali Pasha", while some place it at 1820-24, attributed to an "Ali Pasha". This mosque had traditional Ottoman architecture in the interior; it had a roof that was supported by two sharp arches and an undecorated minaret. In 1873, A.L. Salvator, who visited the mosque, wrote that a sarchophagus with Greek inscriptions was located in the yard of the mosque, and was
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Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex


to a Byzantine basilica, thus the resemblance to Hagia Sophia. Above the prayer hall are five small domes carried on six marble columns. The tile panels placed high in the prayer hall are inscribed with ayats (verses) from the Quran. The mosque has only one minaret with one gallery. There are 247 windows including the 24 of the central dome. The mihrab is in a square projecting apse. A 16th-century ship lamp that used to hang from the central dome was taken off to be displayed at the Museum
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Occhiali


Occhiali (Giovanni Dionigi Galeni or "Giovan Dionigi Galeni", also "Uluj Ali", "Reis", later "Uluç Ali Paşa" and finally Kılıç Ali Paşa; 1519 – 21 June 1587) was an Italian farmer, then Ottoman privateer and admiral, who later became beylerbey of the Regency of Algiers, and finally Grand Admiral (Kapudan Pasha) of the Ottoman fleet in the 16th century. Born "Giovanni Dionigi Galeni", he was also known by several other names in the Christian countries of the Mediterranean
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Occhiali


for the soldiers on board. In June 1572, now Kapudan Pasha, he set out with 250 galleys and a large number of smaller ships to seek revenge for Lepanto. He found the Christian fleet anchored in an inlet of Morea, but his strategy of trying to lure the enemy out and inflicting damage through repeated quick thrusts meant that a full-fledged battle never materialized, because the Christian fleet was too cautious to be trapped and encircled. In 1573 Kılıç Ali Pasha commanded the naval campaign on the coasts of Italy.
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Kurşunlu Mosque and Complex


Kurşunlu Mosque and Complex () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque and its social complex in Odunpazarı district of Eskişehir, Turkey. The mosque and the complex were commissioned by the Ottoman vizier Çoban Mustafa Pasha, and were built between 1517 and 1525. Although the architect is unknown, it is believed that it was designed by Acem Ali, who was the head architect before Mimar Sinan (c. 1489/1490 – 1588). The mosque is named for its lead-covered () dome. The mosque is a single-dome
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Ali Tabrizi


Ali Tabrizi (fl. late 14th/early 15th century) was an Iranian woodcarver who is credited with making the doors of the mausoleum of Ottoman sultan Mehmed I (r. 1413–1421) in Bursa, known as the Green Tomb (). Ali Tabrizi was the son of a certain Hajji Ahmad. He was amongst a number of Iranian craftsmen who had been invited by the main architect of the tomb, Hacı Ivaz Pasha, to come to Bursa in order to build the Complex of Mehmed I. He may have also carved the
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Holy League (1571)


confirmed the "de facto" division of the Mediterranean, with the eastern half under firm Ottoman control and the western under the Habsburgs and their Italian allies. The following year, as the allied Christian fleet resumed operations, it faced a renewed Ottoman navy of 200 vessels under Kılıç Ali Pasha, but the Ottoman commander actively avoided to engage the allied fleet and headed for the safety of the fortress of Modon. The arrival of the Spanish squadron of 55 ships evened the numbers on both sides and opened the opportunity for a decisive
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Dome


. This idea became important to the Ottoman style as it developed. The Beyazidiye Mosque (1501–1506) in Istanbul begins the Classical period in Ottoman architecture, in which the great Imperial Mosques, with variations, resemble the former Byzantine basilica of Hagia Sophia in having a large central dome with semi-domes of the same span to the east and west. Hagia Sophia's central dome arrangement is faithfully reproduced in three Ottoman mosques in Istanbul: the Beyazidiye Mosque, the Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque, and the Süleymaniye Mosque. Three other
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Gündüz Kılıç


"Baba" Gündüz Kılıç (1918–1980) was a Turkish football player and coach. He was Ali Kılıç's son and Altemur Kılıç's brother. Born in 1918 in Istanbul, Gündüz Kılıç attended Galatasaray Lycee and then started his football career as a center forward with Galatasaray SK. He was strong, big, well-educated, sophisticated, charismatic, charming and hungry for success. He never looked flashy, yet was never boring. Kılıç was the mastermind behind the rise of Turkish football schooling football players that would become respectable
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Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)


under firm Ottoman control and the western under the Habsburgs and their Italian allies. The following year, as the allied Christian fleet resumed operations, it faced a renewed Ottoman navy of 200 vessels under Kılıç Ali Pasha. The Spanish contingent under Don John did not reach the Ionian Sea until September, meaning that the Ottomans enjoyed numerical superiority for a time, but the Ottoman commander was well aware of the inferiority of his fleet, constructed in haste of green wood and manned by inexperienced crews. He therefore actively avoided to engage the
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Füreya Koral


founded by Adalet Cimcoz. The exhibition featured wall ceramics inspired by the "çini" (ceramics) tradition, also other works that treated folkloric themes. She returned to Istanbul in 1953 and established one of the first private ceramic studios in Turkey at the El Irak Apartment Building that she shared with her husband. 1954–1980 After divorcing Kılıç Ali, Koral moved her home and studio to the entrance floor of the Şakir Pasha Apartment Building. Her studio became a meeting place for young ceramic artists in the 1950s, including Ayda Arel,
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Battle of Marash


501. The French army was largely made up of Algerian or Senegalese soldiers who were not used to Cilicia's cold winter weather. The Anglo-French rivalry had led to the coalescence and strengthening of the Turkish National Movement under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha. Atatürk had denounced the Allied occupation of Cilicia in November 1919 and the forces loyal to him were tenaciously preparing to launch a major insurrection against the thinly spread French units garrisoned in Marash, Antep and Urfa. Experienced officers, including the Kurdish captain Ali Kılıç, were
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Bosporus


houses ("yalı") built during the Ottoman period along the strait's European and Asian shorelines. Ottoman palaces such as the Topkapı Palace, Dolmabahçe Palace, Yıldız Palace, Çırağan Palace, Feriye Palaces, Beylerbeyi Palace, Küçüksu Palace, Ihlamur Palace, Hatice Sultan Palace, Adile Sultan Palace and Khedive Palace are within its view. Buildings and landmarks within view include the Hagia Sophia, Hagia Irene, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Yeni Mosque, Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque, Nusretiye Mosque, Dolmabahçe Mosque, Ortaköy Mosque, Üsküdar Mihrimah
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Ottoman Navy


command of Andrea Doria at the Battle of Ponza in 1552; Piyale Pasha who defeated the Holy League of Philip II under the command of Giovanni Andrea Doria at the Battle of Djerba in 1560; Aruj who established the Ottoman presence in North Africa which lasted four centuries; Salih Reis who conquered Morocco in 1553 and extended Ottoman territory into the Atlantic Ocean; Uluç (Kılıç) Ali Reis who restored the Ottoman domination of the Mediterranean after the Third Battle of Lepanto in 1571 and conquered Tunisia from Spain in 1574; Murat Reis who
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History of Roman and Byzantine domes


were modeled similarly: Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque and the Süleymaniye Mosque (1550–57). Other Ottoman mosques, although superficially similar to Hagia Sophia, have been described as structural criticisms of it. When Mimar Sinan set out to build a dome larger than that of Hagia Sophia with Selimiye Mosque (1569–74), he used a more stable octagonal supporting structure. The Selimiye Mosque is of the type originating with the Church of Sergius and Bacchus. Three other Imperial mosques in Istanbul built in this "Classical Style" of Hagia Sophia include
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Ali Pasha Mosque (Sarajevo)


in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the framework of the complex there is a domed burial site (turbe) with two sarcophagus of Avdo Sumbul (d.1915) and Behdžet Mutevelić (d.1915), Gajret activists who died in the dungeons of Arad. The Ali Pasha Mosque was heavily damaged by Serbian forces during the conflict of the early 1990s, especially the dome. The most recent renovation of the mosque occurred in 2004 and in January 2005, the Commission to Preserve National Monuments issued a decision to add the Ali Pasha Mosque to the
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Tahir Pasha (Egypt)


For a time, Mameluks oscillated between the two factions and also considered regaining power on their own behalf. Muhammad Ali, one of the regimental commanders, became the leader of the Albanians. Realizing he had a weaker position than the other Ottomans, Ali entered into an alliance with the Mameluke leaders Ibrahim Bey and Osman Bey al-Bardisi. The two men that killed Pasha were sentenced to death. In 1819 a funerary complex with a domed mausoleum was established in Cairo of 15th century Mamluk style architecture that was dedicated to Pasha
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Frashëri family


of the grandsons of Ali, Tahir Bega, from Dishnica, married the daughter of Ajaz Begu, named Havanë. The family participated in the uprising of Tomorica and refused to be granted the title of Pasha from the Sultan. The family did however not join the Ali Pasha of Tepelena either. One of the branches of the family decided to move to Butke of Kolonja in the 19th century. From this family, many activists and nationalists derived, such as Sali Butka, Safet Butka, the architect Qemal Butka, the politician
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Tophane Fountain


which is formed by the intersection of Tophane İskelesi Street and Necatibey Street. The fountain neighbors to Kılıç Ali Paşa Complex in the southwest, Nusretiye Mosque in the northeast, the Tophane Workshops in the northwest and the Quay in the southeast. The fountain underwent two major restorations. The first one was realized in 1837, at which its roof was completely changed, and a flat roof in the form of a terrace was adapted. In the 1956–1957, it was restored in the framework of urban transformation, and the roof and wide
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Mosque of Muhammad Ali


Pasha, Muhammad Ali's oldest son, who died in 1816. This mosque, along with the citadel, is one of the landmarks and tourist attractions of Cairo and is one of the first features to be seen when approaching the city any direction. The mosque was built on the site of old Mamluk buildings in Cairo's Citadel between 1830 and 1848, although not completed until the reign of Said Pasha in 1857. The architect was Yusuf Bushnak from Istanbul and its model was the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in that city. The
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Büyük Saat


Büyük Saat () is a historical clock tower in Adana and the tallest clock tower in Turkey, rising high. It is located in the old town on Ali Münif Caddesi. It was designed by Armenian architects Krikor Agha Bzdikian and Kasbar Agha Bzdikian. The construction of Büyük Saat was started in 1879 by the governor Ziya Pasha and it was completed by the succeeding governor Abidin Pasha in 1882, as a symbol of modernization. The two Armenian architects, Krikor Agha Bzdikian and Kasbar Agha Bzdikian, were responsible for its design.
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Trabluslu Ali Pasha


Trabluslu Ali Pasha ("Ali Pasha the Tripolitan"; died February 1804), also known as Cezayirli Ali Pasha ("Ali Pasha the Algerian") or Seydi Ali Pasha, was an Ottoman statesman. He served as the Ottoman governor of Egypt from July 1803 to February 1804. Ali Pasha was born in Georgia and kidnapped together with his brother. He was "fair-complexioned," had an "immense blond beard and mustaches," and had Turkish as his native tongue, speaking very little Arabic. He
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Hosh al-Basha


Hosh al-Basha ( - Hawsh Al Basha), also Hosh el Basha or Hoch el Pacha, meaning "Courtyard of The Sir"), is a mausoleum of the Royal Family of Muhammad Ali Pasha at road al-Imam Al-Shafi‘i in Fustat, Southern Cemetery of the Mamluk Necropoli in Cairo, Egypt. Hosh al-Pasha was built in 1854 to house several tombs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty’s family, relatives, and devoted servants. The structure is a six-domed complex with inner courtyards and
14731797
Mahkamat al-Pasha


Mahkamat al-Pasha ( "the pasha's courthouse," ) is an administrative building in Casablanca, Morocco built 1941-1942. The complex serves or has served as a courthouse, residence of the pasha (governor), parliamentary reception hall, and jail. In January 1930, the pasha of Casablanca at the time At-Tayyib Al-Moqri, the second son of the Moroccan grand vizier Muhammad al-Muqri, decided to build a civil courthouse in the Habous. It was designed by the French architect Auguste
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Ali Pasha Sherif


in 1844. As a child, Ali Pasha Sherif developed a love of horses and horsemanship, and he later developed contacts with many desert Bedouin chieftains who were owners and breeders of Arabian horses. Also, as a child and young man, he was exposed to the Arabian horses collected by Muhammad Ali Pasha and his successor Abbas I of Egypt, also known as Abbas I Pasha, or Abbas Pasha. In the first half of his life, Ali Pasha Sherif went by the name Ali Bey or Ali Bey Fahmy. As
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Çalık Ali Pasha


Çalık Ali Pasha (also Hacı Çalık Ali Pasha or Merzifonlu Çalık Ali Pasha; died 1698) was an Ottoman statesman who served as grand vizier during the reign of Ahmed II. Ali Pasha was a Turk from Merzifon, a city in north-central Anatolia, and a subordinate of Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha, who was also from Merzifon. Although his fellow countryman was executed after the unsuccessful siege of Vienna in 1683, Ali continued to work as a civil servant. He traveled to Mecca (now in Saudi Arabia) for
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Ali Rıza Pasha (governor of Baghdad)


Ali Rıza Pasha (sometimes spelled Ali Ridha Pasha) led the Ottoman army in 1831 against the "mamluk" governor in Baghdad after Dawud Pasha refused to give up his office. Ali Rıza Pasha captured the city and Dawud ending the "mamluk" rule in Baghdad. Baghdad fell in September 1831 after a ten-week-long blockade of the city which caused mass famine. While Ali Rıza Pasha was able to capture Baghdad and unseat Dawud Pasha, he still had to deal with the "mamluks" who remained in Baghdad
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Müezzinzade Ali Pasha


Müezzinzade Ali Pasha (; also known as Sofu Ali Pasha or Sufi Ali Pasha or Meyzinoğlu Ali Pasha; died 7 October 1571) was an Ottoman statesman and naval officer. He was the Grand Admiral (Kapudan Pasha) in command of the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto, where he was killed in action. He also served as the governor of Egypt from 1563 to 1566. He was the son of a muezzin, hence his epithet "Müezzinzade" ("son of a muezzin"). He was a favorite
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Nureddin Pasha


ordered a reserve officer Necip Ali (Küçüka) (1892–1941), who was the intern prosecutor, to examine Ali Kemal Bey. After that Ali Kemal Bey was called by Nureddin Pasha. Nureddin Pasha told Ali Kemal to transfer to the military court and Ali Kemal Bey replied that "I'm ready to go to court". But Nureddin Pasha ordered Rahmi: Rahmi hesitated to execute this order and sent Captain "Kel" Sait to Nureddin Pasha. Rahmi said to Necip Ali: "Go ahead Necip Ali Bey, take
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Green Mosque (Bursa)


mosque after Mehmed I's death. The construction of the Green Mosque was supervised by architect and patron of the arts vizier Hacı İvaz Pasha, who had been a commander under Mehmed I. A calligraphic inscription identifies Nakkas (the Artist) Ali bin Ilyas Ali as the supervisor of the interior tile decorations. Ali bin Ilyas Ali is believed to have brought a diverse group of craftsmen called the “Masters of Tabriz” to assist him. The "Masters of Tabriz" are referenced in a Persian inscription above the mosque's mihrab.
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Petar II Petrović-Njegoš


a letter to Ali Pasha, suggesting that the Turks and Montenegrins restore Grahovo to its former status and offering to guarantee peace in return. In late October, Njegoš met with two envoys representing Ali Pasha and Mehmed Pasha in Cetinje and agreed to a negotiated settlement. The agreement had six points: Despite the agreement, Ali Pasha remained unconvinced. The fifth clause indicated that the Ottomans had recognized Montenegro's independence, while the final clause made no mention of Ali Pasha at all. Indeed, Ali Pasha resented what he viewed as
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Sofu Hadım Ali Pasha


Hadım Ali Pasha (also known as Sofu Ali Pasha or Sufi Ali Pasha; died September 1560) was an Ottoman statesman who served as the Ottoman governor of Diyarbekir Eyalet (1537/38 – 1540/41), Bosnia Eyalet (1552 to April 1559), and Egypt Eyalet (April 1559 until his death in office in September 1560). The epithet "hadım" means "eunuch" in Turkish. In 1560, Ali Pasha blocked the reappointment of Seydi Ali Reis to the rank of admiral after his long journey back from Aceh,
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Çalık Ali Pasha


dismiss Canibi Ahmet, but Çalık Ali Pasha tried to defend Ahmet Canibi. Failing to convince the sultan, he resigned on 17 March 1693 after a year in the office. In the absolute monarchical system of the Ottoman Empire, objection to the sultan’s order was unheard of. However, Ahmed II being one of the more tolerant sultans, did not punish Çalık Ali Pasha. Instead, he offered Ali Pasha a governorship. Ali Pasha spent the rest of his life in Bursa (in modern-day Turkey) and in
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Trabluslu Ali Pasha


), although real power lay with Muhammad Ali. Ibrahim Bey was also the lifelong career partner of Ali Pasha's friend Murad Bey, with whom he made up the duumvirate that held effective rule over Egypt for decades. Muhammad Ali refused to recognize Ali Pasha's governorship, and thus, Ali Pasha governed from Alexandria in the north while Ibrahim Bey governed from Cairo, the capital, in the south. Muhammad Ali and his Mamluk ally, Al-Bardisi, therefore descended on Rosetta, which had fallen into the hands of
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Ali Rıza Pasha (governor of Baghdad)


the city of Baghdad. In 1842, after eleven years of governing, Ali Rıza Pasha was replaced by Mehmed Necib Pasha. Ali Rıza Pasha was transferred from Baghdad to Syria. Ali Rıza Pasha's personality is more of a mystery than his political and military achievements. His personality is recounted in a Judeo-Iraqi folksong as very courageous and is even likened to that of a lion, but he was most likely admired by Jews because he replaced Dawud Pasha and redistributed land to people living in Karbala. A different account of
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Arabacı Ali Pasha


engaged in Great Turkish War. Fazıl Mustafa Pasha temporarily halted Austrian advance but was killed in action during the Battle of Slankamen. Five days later, Ahmet II, the sultan appointed Ali Pasha as the new grand vizier. Ali Pasha was expected to command the army like his predecessor and mentor Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha had done. However, Ali Pasha preferred to stay in the capital, contributing to the Ottoman defeats. His inattentiveness to military affairs and harsh methods (including death sentences) towards his potential opponents caused him to lose
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Albanians in Turkey


Albanian identity. The Ottoman period that followed in Albania after the end of Skanderbeg's resistance was characterized by a great change. Many Albanians gained prominent positions in the Ottoman government such as: Iljaz Hoxha, Hamza Kastrioti, Koca Davud Pasha, Zağanos Pasha, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (head of the Köprülü family of Grand Viziers), the Bushati family, Sulejman Pasha, Edhem Pasha, Nezim Frakulla, Haxhi Shekreti, Hasan Zyko Kamberi, Ali Pasha of Gucia, Muhammad Ali of Egypt and Ali Pasha of Tepelena who rose to
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Ali Pasha Sherif


Ali Pasha Mohamed Sherif (1834 – February 26, 1897) (alt spelling, from French Ali Pacha Chérif) was an Egyptian government official and a renowned breeder of Arabian horses during the late 19th century. Born in Egypt, Ali Pasha Sherif was a son of El Sayed Muhammad Sherif Pasha El-Kebir (d. February 13, 1865). It is important to note that this article mentions that Muhammad Sherif Pasha (Khalil's father) died in 1865 (this confirms the date given in the caption to Muhammad's
11559577
Jazzar Pasha


work as a sailor and drifted throughout Anatolia before selling himself to a Turkish slave trader. Al-Jazzar subsequently converted to Islam in Egypt. In 1756, al-Jazzar departed Constantinople for Egypt with Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha as a barber in his entourage. Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha had been appointed "beylerbey" (governor) of Egypt Eyalet and al-Jazzar became a member of his household, serving Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha in the citadel. In 1758, possibly as a result of a dispute with another of Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha's men
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Trabluslu Ali Pasha


Pasha's men pillaged Tripoli and angered the populace, who then reinstated the Karamanlis as rulers and ousted Ali Pasha. Ali Pasha then went to Egypt. There, he became intimate friends with the Mamluk emir Murad Bey, who had held "de facto" power over Egypt for decades. Ali Pasha then went on the Hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca, and there, he was allegedly discovered to be engaging in sexual intercourse with a young boy that he had kidnapped from Tripoli, after which many of the pilgrims attacked him
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Trabluslu Ali Pasha


caused to be circulated there. The Ottoman sultan announced that the Mamluk beys could live peaceably in Egypt with annual pensions and other privileges, provided the government returned to the hands of the Turkish governor (this being Ali Pasha). To this, many of the beys assented, and in the process opened a rift with Muhammad Ali and the Albanians. The Mamluks had already been suspicious of their Albanian allies, having previously intercepted letters addressed to them from Ali Pasha, endeavoring to win their alliance as well. Ali Pasha advanced
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Green Mosque (İznik)


Green Mosque of Iznik () is a historic Ottoman mosque in Iznik, Turkey. One of the earliest examples of Ottoman architecture, the Yeşil Mosque was constructed by order of the Grand Vizier Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha of Sultan Murad I in Iznik. It was later completed by his son Ali Pasha. The inscription on the mosque gives the date of construction as AH 780-794 (1378-1391), and the name of the architect as Haci bin Musa. The Yeşil Mosque is located near the Lefke Gate on
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Albania under the Ottoman Empire


Grand Viziers were of Albanian origin. The most prominent Albanians during Ottoman rule were: George Kastrioti Skanderbeg, Ballaban Badera, Koca Davud Pasha, Hamza Kastrioti, Iljaz Hoxha, Mimar Sinan, Nezim Frakulla, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, Ali Pasha, Edhem Pasha, Omer Vrioni, Patrona Halil, Haxhi Shehreti, Ali Pasha of Gucia, Ibrahim Pasha of Berat, Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Kara Mahmud Bushati, Kara Murad Pasha, Ahmet Kurt Pasha, Mustafa Bushati, Ibrahim Bushati, Sedefkar Mehmed Agha. Albanians
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History of Albania


, many Albanians came to serve in the elite Janissary and the administrative Devşirme system. Among these were important historical figures, including Iljaz Hoxha, Hamza Kastrioti, Koca Davud Pasha, Zağanos Pasha, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (head of the Köprülü family of Grand Viziers), the Bushati family, Sulejman Pasha, Edhem Pasha, Nezim Frakulla, Haxhi Shekreti, Hasan Zyko Kamberi, Ali Pasha of Gucia, Muhammad Ali ruler of Egypt, Ali Pasha of Tepelena rose to become one of the most powerful Muslim Albanian rulers in western Rumelia
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Albanian Pashaliks


was the grandfather of Ali Pasha, and father of Ali's mother, Hanka. After the death of Ahmet Kurt Pasha, the territory of the pashalik was ruled by a close ally of him, Ibrahim Pasha of Berat. As this territory belonged to the Middle Albania, Ibrahim Pasha was roused at this encroachment. This made Ali Pasha start a war with the Pashalik of Berat. After some fruitless negotiation, Ibrahim Pasha sent a body of troops under the command of his brother Sephir, bey of Avlona. Against these,
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Sürmeli Ali Pasha


22 April 1695. There were several reasons for this. Mustafa suspected that Sürmeli Ali Pasha's candidate for the throne instead of him had been a younger prince and he further suspected that Sürmeli Ali Pasha was against his plan for commanding the army personally. Additionally, there was a power struggle between Sürmeli Ali Pasha and Feyzullah Efendi, the sultan's advisor (and later Shaykh al-Islām). Sürmeli Ali was accused of fraud and exiled to Çeşme (in modern-day İzmir Province, Turkey), but soon the
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Ras El Tin Palace


lasting Muhammad Ali dynasty by Muhammad Ali Pasha (r. 1805–1848) during the early 19th century. A number of foreign architects and engineers were commissioned by Muhammad Ali for the design and construction of the palace. Building activities began in 1834, taking eleven years to complete the original design in 1845. Complementary work and the construction of additional wings continued for two more years until 1847, when it was officially inaugurated. Built on a rise above the harbour and given a classical portico, the palace is one of a number of construction
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Attack against Mehmed Ali Pasha


avoid the escalation of attacks on August 31 Mehmed Ali Pasha left Prizren and reinforced with three battalions move to Gjakova, where he was stationed in the estate of Abdullah Pasha Dreni, a former leader of the local league committee who had joined the Ottoman faction. As on September 1 the routes from Gjakova to the Ottoman-Montenegrin border were blocked by volunteer forces under Ali Pasha of Gusinje, a leader of the Plav and Gusinje committees, Mehmed Ali Pasha extended his stay in Gjakova and waited for another battalion to arrive from Kosovska
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Şemsi Pasha


. His mother was the granddaughter of the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I, Ayşe Hümaşah Sultan. Raised in the Imperial residence of the period, Topkapı Palace, as Grand Vizier, he charged renowned court architect Mimar Sinan with the task of building a mosque and adjoining complex near his main seat, the Şemsi Pasha Palace on the Bosphorus shoreline in Constantinople. The Şemsi Pasha Mosque is one of the smallest mosques to be commissioned by a Grand Vizier, and yet it is one of the most well-known mosques in city, due
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Issam al-Said


Issam al-Said (1938-1988) was a distinguished Iraqi painter, print-maker, designer, etcher, architect, philosopher and author who completed several major public buildings in Baghdad and in London. Issam al-Said was born in Baghdad in 1938 into an influential family. He was the second son of Iraqi parents, Sabah Nuri al-Said and Esmat Ali Pasha Fahmi (who was of Egyptian ancestry) and the grandson of Nuri al-Said Pasha (Iraq's Prime Minister, 1930–58). As
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Ali Pasha of Ioannina


opportunity to move against Ali Pasha by ordering his immediate deposition. Ali Pasha refused to resign his official post and put up a fierce resistance to the Sultan's troop movements as some 20,000 Turkish troops led by Hursid Pasha were fighting Ali Pasha's small but formidable army. Most of his followers abandoned him without fighting and fled, including Androutsos and his sons Veli and Muhtar, or else joined the Ottoman army. Among these were Omer Vrioni and Alexis Noutsos, who went unopposed to Ioannina, which was besieged in September 1820.
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Ali Pasha Sherif


staff officers in the French army. As a result of this training Ali Bey became an artillery colonel in Mohammed Ali's Egyptian Army. Following the death of his father in 1865, Ali Bey was notified by the Ottoman authorities in Constantinople that he was now qualified to use the title "Ali Sherif Pasha". However, he usually wrote his new name and title as "Ali Pasha Sherif", or its French form, "Ali Pacha Chérif." In his new capacity he served Egypt throughout the reigns of Khedives
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Ali Pasha of Ioannina


On December 4, 1820, Ali Pasha and the Souliotes formed an anti-Ottoman coalition, to which the Souliotes contributed 3,000 soldiers. Ali Pasha gained the support of the Souliotes mainly because he offered to allow the return of the Souliotes to their land, and partly by appeal to their perceived Albanian origin. Initially, the coalition was successful and managed to control most of the region, but when the Muslim Albanian troops of Ali Pasha were informed of the beginning of the Greek revolts in the Morea, it was terminated.
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Moralı Ali Pasha


Moralı Ali Pasha ("Ali Pasha of Morea"; died 1735) was an Ottoman statesman. He was from the Peloponnese, which was historically called Morea (). Ali Pasha served as the Ottoman governor of Anatolia Eyalet (1718–19), Aleppo Eyalet (1719), Sanjak of Candia (Ottoman Crete; 1719–20, 1725, 1726, 1730s), Van Eyalet (1720–21), Mosul Eyalet (1721), Sanjak of Eğriboz (1721–25), Egypt Eyalet (1725–26), Sanjak of Özi (1730–
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Battle of Urfa


in the region. In January 1920, Ali Saip Bey, the deputy from Urfa to the Turkish National Congress, called on the Kurdish tribes of Urfa to close ranks against the French and resist. His actions were coordinated with Kılıç Ali Bey (Kuluj Ali), a Kurdish army captain. On February 7, 1920, Ali Saip Bey issued a demand that French forces evacuate Urfa in 24 hours. When the French refused this ultimatum, the Turkish forces rose up on February 9 and placed the French garrison under siege.
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Ali Pasha Castle


, and changed hands on several occasions. It was finally destroyed by a retreating French army in 1798 to prevent it falling into the hands of Ali Pasha. The fortification attributed to Ali Pasha at Butrint lies some due west at the mouth of the Vivari Channel. This in itself began life in the late 17th or early 18th century as a fortified estate centre belonging to a Corfiote family that farmed land on the plains south of the ancient city. Ali Pasha seized control of the structure around 1804 and carried out a series of
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Muhammad Ali's seizure of power


and informed him that the people would no longer submit to Hurshid Ahmed Pasha. As related by Muhammad Ali, when asked whom they would have, they replied that they would accept Muhammad Ali Pasha himself to govern them according to the laws; for they saw in his countenance that he was possessed of justice and goodness. Muhammad Ali seemed to hesitate, and then complied, and was at once invested. On this a bloody struggle began between the two pashas. Hurshid Ahmed Pasha, being informed of the insurrection, immediately prepared
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Pigot Diamond


Ottoman government, or after his execution, when his possessions were confiscated by the Sultan. However, another version of this legend is that Ali Pasha held on to the diamond until his last day; when mortally wounded on 5 February 1822, the dying Ali Pasha reportedly ordered that it be crushed to powder in his presence – which it was. Since Ali Pasha died violently, having been shot multiple times and then immediately beheaded, this is implausible. Since Ali Pasha was executed in 1822, he could not have purchased the
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Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha


Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha (1667 – 5 August 1716), also called Silahdar Ali Pasha, was an Ottoman general and Grand Vizier. His epithet "silahdar" means arms bearer and "damat" means bridegroom. Ali Pasha was born to a Turkish family in Iznik (ancient Nicaea), in modern Turkey. His father’s name was Hacı Hüseyin. He was trained in the Enderun palace school in İstanbul and during the reign of Mustafa II he was appointed to be the personal secretary of the sultan. In 1709,
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Trabluslu Ali Pasha


towards Cairo with 3,000 men to discuss his resumption of control. The forces of the beys still with Muhammad Ali Pasha and their Albanian allies advanced to meet Ali Pasha at Shalakan, forcing the Ottoman governor to fall back on a place called Zufayta. At this point, the Albanians managed to seize Ali Pasha's transport boats, capturing soldiers, servants, ammunition, and baggage. They then demanded to know why he had brought such a large host with him, contrary to both custom and a prior warning to not do so
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Nuri al-Said


married an Egyptian heiress, Esmat Ali Pasha Fahmi in 1936. They had two sons: Falah in 1937 and Issam in 1938. Falah, who worked as King Hussein personal pilot, was first married to Nahla El-Askari and had one Sabah. He later married Dina Fawaz Maher in 1974, the daughter of a Jordanian army general, Fawaz Pasha Maher, and had two daughters: Sima and Zaina. Falah died in a car accident in Jordan in 1983. Issam was an artist and architect based in London who died
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Ali Pasha Sherif


Ibrahim Ilhami Pasha (aka El Hami Pasha) who had little interest in them, giving away several. Upon Ibrahim's death, his estate was bankrupt, and the executors of his estate sold his remaining horses at auction in December 1860. Ali Pasha Sherif purchased approximately 30 horses of the original Abbas I Pasha stock, ultimately owning four hundred horses by 1873. Ali Pasha Sherif was reputed to have kept extensive records and manuscripts about his stud, which were passed on to his son, Huseyn Bey Sherif, who lent them
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Sulayman Pasha al-Adil


remain "mutasallim" of Nablus. With the death of his deputy Ali Pasha Khazindar in 1814 and Farhi's opposition to Abu-Nabbut of Jaffa, Ali Pasha's son, Abdullah Pasha, who Farhi greatly favored, emerged as the chosen successor of Sulayman. The latter set a number of ground rules with the then-adolescent Abdullah. Among these were that Abdullah was not to have his own office in Sulayman's headquarters like Ali Pasha, nor was he to have his hand kissed by others or to publicly eat and
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Attack against Mehmed Ali Pasha


The Attack against Mehmed Ali Pasha, known in Albanian historiography as the Action of Gjakova (Albanian: Aksioni i Gjakovës), was undertaken from 3–6 September 1878 by the Gjakova Committee of the League of Prizren in the estate of Abdullah Pasha Dreni near Gjakova. During the battle Mehmed Ali Pasha, the Ottoman marshal who was to overview the cession of the then-predominantly Albanian Plav and Gusinje region to the Principality of Montenegro, Abdullah Pasha Dreni, a notable official of the region and former member of the league, many Ottoman
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Ali Pasha of Ioannina


the historical role of Pasha rather than telling us anything concrete about his sexuality. Ali Pasha, according to one opinion, "was a cruel and faithless tyrant; still, he was not a Turk, but an Albanian; he was a rebel against the Sultan (Mahmud II), and he was so far an indirect friend of the Sultan's enemies". Throughout his rule he is known to have maintained close relations and corresponded with famous leaders such as Husein Gradaščević, Ibrahim Bushati, Mehmet Ali Pasha and Ibrahim Pasha
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Recep Pasha


head to the sultan in Constantinople. Ali Pasha's body was buried in the City of the Dead necropolis, reportedly under the name "Ali Pasha al-Mazlum" ("Ali Pasha the Oppressed"). Next, Recep Pasha asked a man named Mehmed Çerkes how to go about assassinating ibn Iwaz and his partisans. After hammering out a plan, which involved getting ibn Iwaz bey to a remote location and sending men to kill him there, the two executed it but failed to kill ibn Iwaz. Soon afterwards,
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Muhammad Ali's seizure of power


Pasha advanced towards Cairo with 3,000 men to discuss his resumption of control. The forces of the beys still with Muhammad Ali Pasha and their Albanian allies advanced to meet Trabluslu Ali Pasha at Shalakan, forcing the Ottoman governor to fall back on a place called Zufeyta. At this point, the Albanians managed to seize Trabluslu Ali Pasha's transport boats, capturing soldiers, servants, ammunition, and baggage. They then demanded to know why he had brought such a large host with him, contrary to both custom and a prior warning
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Ali Pasha Mosque (Sarajevo)


Ali Pasha's Mosque or Ali Pasha Mosque was constructed in Sarajevo during 1560–61 as a "vakıf" (legacy or perpetual endowment) of Sofu Hadım Ali Pasha, the Ottoman former governor of the Bosnia Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire, after his death in September 1560. The mosque was built according to the classical Istanbul architectural style. The dome covers the prayer area and three small domes cover the cloister. Because of its noble proportions it stands at the top of the scale of all sub-dome mosques that have been constructed
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Ali Pasha of Gusinje


of Prizren were crushed by the Ottomans in 1881, Ali Pasha of Gusinje was arrested. He was released after the Sultan gave general amnesty. Ali Pasha was appointed to the position of mutesarrif of the Ottoman Sanjak of İpek because he did not object the Ottoman rule and maintained a close connection with the Porte throughout the conflict being more concerned to prevent Montenegro to capture Plav and Gusinje. The Ottoman state also gave him forestland for his defense of Gusinje against the Montenegrins and later Ali Pasha sent some Albanian youths from the region for
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Ali Pasha of Ioannina


and forced its Aromanian population to flee from the region. In 1819, Halet Efendi brought to the attention of Sultan Mahmud II issues conspicuously related to Ali Pasha; Halet Efendi accused Ali Pasha of "grabbing power" and influence in Ottoman Rumelia away from the Sublime Porte. In 1820, Ali Pasha, after long tensions with the Turkish Reforms, allegedly ordered the assassination of Gaskho Bey, a political opponent in Constantinople; Sultan Mahmud II, who sought to restore the authority of the Sublime Porte, took this as a major
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Veli Pasha


Veli Pasha ( 1803–06) was the son of Ali Pasha, the Ottoman governor ("pasha") of the Pashalik of Yanina in Epirus. An Ottoman commander, he commanded forces against the Souliotes, the Septinsular Republic, and the Serbian rebels. In 1803, his father sent him with an army to fight the Souliotes. In 1806, following renewed conflict between the Ottomans and Russians, Veli Pasha was sent to attack the Septinsular Republic. Veli Pasha seized Vonitsa, Preveza and Butrint. Ali Pasha married Veli Pasha to
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Ali Pasha of Gusinje


Ali Pasha Shabanagaj (1828 – 5 March 1888) (Serbian: Али-паша Шабанагић, Ali-paša Šabanagić), was an Albanian military commander and one of the leaders of the League of Prizren. He governed, as an Ottoman "kaymakam" (sub-governor), an area in what is today eastern Montenegro around Plav and Gusinje. He was commonly known as Ali Pasha of Gusinje (, , Serbian: Али-паша Гусињски, Ali-paša Gusinjski). He was the leader of the Albanian
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Ali Pasha of Ioannina


, Ali Pasha could assemble an army of 50,000 men in a matter of two to three days and could double that number in two to three weeks. Leading these armed forces was the Supreme Council. The Commander-in-chief was the founder and financier, Ali Pasha. Council members included Muftar Pasha, Veli Pasha, Celâleddin Bey, Abdullah Pashe Taushani and a number of his trusted men like Hasan Dervishi, Halil Patrona, Omar Vrioni, Meço Bono, Ago Myhyrdari, Thanasis Vagias, Veli Gega (murdered by Antonis
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Rüstem Pasha


. Rüstem was also Mihrimah's mentor, particularly concerning political and financial decisions. His last will from 1561 (above), provides evidence of his confidence in his wife. Other interesting facts, Rüstem's brother Sinan Pasha (Ottoman admiral) (who died in December 1553, a turbulent year for the family), was buried in Mihrimah Sultan Complex in Üsküdar, as well as two sons of Rüstem and Mihrimah. The daughter, Ayşe Hümaşah Hanım Sultan (1542-1594), was married in 1561 to Semiz Ali
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Ali Pasha of Ioannina


's policy as ruler of Ioánnina was mostly governed by expediency; he operated as a semi-independent despot and pragmatically allied himself with whoever offered the most advantage at the time. In fact, it was Ali Pasha and his Albanian soldiers and mercenaries who subdued the independent Souli. Ali Pasha wanted to establish in the Mediterranean a sea-power which would be a counterpart of that of the Dey of Algiers, Ahmed ben Ali. In order to gain a seaport on the Albanian coast, which was dominated by Venice, Ali
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Ali Pasha of Ioannina


initiated by Baba Shemin of Fushë-Krujë. Through his patronage, Bektashism spread in Thessaly, Epirus, South Albania, and in Kruja. Ali's tomb headstone was capped by the crown (taj) of the Bektashi order. Nasibi Tahir Babai, a Bektashi saint, is regarded as one of three spiritual advisers of Ali Pasha. According to the "Encyclopedia of Islam", in Western literature, Ali Pasha became the personification of an "oriental despot". In early 19th century, Ali's personal balladeer, Haxhi
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Ali Pasha of Ioannina


deserve a similar end. To such an extent did the admiration with which Ali's bravery inspired these men to efface the memory of his crimes. Ali Pasha was buried with full honors in a mausoleum next to the Fethiye Mosque, which still stands. Despite his brutal rule, villagers paid their last respect to Ali: "Never was seen greater mourning than that of the warlike Epirotes." The former monastery in which Ali Pasha was killed is today a popular tourist attraction. The holes made by the bullets can still be
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Trabluslu Ali Pasha


Ali Pasha's brother, al-Sayyid Ali (). The town and its commander were successfully captured by Al-Bardisi, who then proposed to proceed against Alexandria; his troops, however, demanded back-pay which he was unable to provide. During this delay, Ali Pasha destroyed the dykes between the lakes of Aboukir and Mareotis, creating a moat around Alexandria. Unable to proceed with operations against Alexandria, Al-Bardisi and Muhammad Ali returned to Cairo. The troubles of Egypt were exacerbated by an insufficient flood
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Arslan Mehmed Pasha


Tripoli who was keen on suppressing the province's rebellious Druze and Shia Muslim clans, namely the Ma'an and Hamada clans, respectively. Ali Pasha became Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire in 1694 and was instrumental in the appointment of Arslan as his successor in Tripoli. This was despite Arslan having no experience in administration. Ali Pasha further decreed that Arslan had authority of all the territory between Killis in the north and Gaza to the south. This was short-lived however, as Ali Pasha was dismissed and executed in 1695.
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Nasuhzade Ali Pasha


Nasuhzade Ali Pasha, commonly known as Kara-Ali Pasha (), was an Ottoman admiral during the early stages of the Greek War of Independence. In 1821, as second-in-command of the Ottoman navy, he succeeded in resupplying the isolated Ottoman fortresses in the Peloponnese, while his subordinate Ismael Gibraltar destroyed Galaxeidi. Promoted to Kapudan Pasha (commander-in-chief of the navy), and led the suppression of the revolt in Chios and the ensuing Chios massacre in April 1822. He was killed when
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Ali Pasha of Ioannina


Ali Pasha (1740 – 24 January 1822), variously referred to as of Tepelena or of Janina/Yannina/Ioannina, or the Lion of Yannina, was an Ottoman Albanian ruler who served as pasha of a large part of western Rumelia, the Ottoman Empire's European territories, which was referred to as the Pashalik of Yanina. His court was in Ioannina, and the territory he governed incorporated most of Epirus and the western parts of Thessaly and Greek Macedonia. Ali had three sons: Muhtar Pasha, who served in
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Al-Gawhara Palace


Al-Gawhara Palace ( "Qaṣr al-Gawhara"), also known as Bijou Palace, is a palace and museum in Cairo, Egypt. The palace is situated south of the Mosque of Muhammad Ali in the Cairo Citadel. It was commissioned by Muhammad Ali Pasha in 1814. The palace was designed and constructed by artisans contracted from a variety of countries, including Greeks, Turks, Bulgarians and Albanians. The artisans constructed a variety of elements as part of the palace complex: "barracks, schools, an arsenal
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Ali Pasha of Ioannina


and dishonor", is abandoned by his wife and son and later commits suicide. Alexandre Dumas, "père" wrote a history, "Ali Pacha", part of his eight-volume series "Celebrated Crimes" (1839–40). Ali Pasha is also a major character in the 1854 Mór Jókai's Hungarian novel "Janicsárok végnapjai" ("The Last Days of the Janissaries"), translated into English by R. Nisbet Bain, 1897, under the title "The Lion of Janina". Ali Pasha and Hursid
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Ali Rıza Pasha (governor of Baghdad)


Rıza Pasha's conquest of Baghdad and Basra brought the provinces under direct rule from Istanbul and subjected them to "Tanzimat" reforms. Ali Rıza Pasha replaced "mamluk" governor Dawud Pasha and exiled him to Brusah. After Dawud's departure from the city, Ali Rıza was credited with the return of trade and end to crime. For a short time he was able to control the mafia that was able to control these regions and especially Karbala in the vacuum of a region without government. He promised appointments and estates to "
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Skamneli


this period and were built by masons from Konitsa. During a tour of Mt Tymphe, Ali Pasha was caught in a storm and spent a night in Skamneli at the manor of the Saitzes family, said to have caused his admiration. In 1820, after the rebellion of Ali Pasha, a Turkish force of 1500 under Ismael Pasha arrived in Zagori, part of the total army of 20,000 sent against Ali Pasha. Alexis Noutsos from Kapesovo, a member of the Philike Hetairia who had intermarried with the Saitzes family and owned a
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Souliote War (1803)


Ali Pasha, led by his son Veli Pasha, gained possessions of the village of Kakosuli, after the treachery of a Souliote named Pylios Gousis. Gousis admitted 200 soldiers into his house after being paid for that by Veli Pasha, the second son of Ali. Gousis himself said that it was not the money but his wish to save his son, who was being held captive by Ali Pasha. The Souliotes withdrew to the fortresses of Kiafa and Kughi, where they fought their last battle on December 7, 1803. The
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