Hôtel Solvay [SEP] architect
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Hôtel Solvay


cooperated with the Belgian pointillist painter Théo van Rysselberghe. The Hôtel Solvay and most of its splendid content remained intact thanks to the Wittamer family. They acquired the house in the 1950s and did the utmost to preserve and restore this magnificent dwelling. The house is still private property and can only be visited by appointment and under very strict conditions. The edifice is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The UNESCO commission recognized the Hôtel Solvay as UNESCO World Heritage in 2000 as one of the Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta
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Hôtel Tassel


and the furnishing. Horta succeeded in integrating the lavish decoration without masking the general architectural structures. The innovations made in the Hôtel Tassel would mark the style and approach for most of Horta's later townhouses, including the Hôtel van Eetvelde, the Hôtel Solvay and the architects own house and 'atelier'. These houses were expensive to construct and only affordable by the 'haute-bourgeoisie'. For this reason the pure architectural innovations were not largely followed by other architects. Most other Art Nouveau dwellings in Belgium and other European
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Hôtel Tassel


purposefully visible and conform to the Art Nouveau style by being modeled after organic forms. The whole interior retains a cohesive sense of fluidity thanks to Horta's insistence on designing all of the interior elements. The UNESCO commission recognized the Hôtel Tassel as UNESCO World Heritage in 2000: ″The four major town houses—Hôtel Tassel, Hôtel Solvay, Hôtel van Eetvelde, and Maison & Atelier Horta—located in Brussels and designed by the architect Victor Horta, one of the earliest initiators of Art Nouveau, are some of the most remarkable
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Major town houses of the architect Victor Horta (Brussels)


of official posts including a position at the Free University of Brussels. From 1892, Horta began working in the new Art Nouveau style. In 1893, he designed the Hôtel Tassel which is considered the first example of Art Nouveau architecture. He applied the same style to many subsequent buildings, including the Hôtel Solvay (built 1895–1900), Hôtel van Eetvelde (1895–98) and his own house and workshop (1898). Among the architects who were inspired by Horta's works of the period are Antoni Gaudí and Hector Guimard.
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Brussels


with its large greenhouses, as well as the Museums of the Far East. Also particularly striking are the buildings in the Art Nouveau style, most famously by the Belgian architects Victor Horta, Paul Hankar and Henry Van de Velde. Some of Brussels' municipalities, such as Schaerbeek, Etterbeek, Ixelles, and Saint-Gilles, were developed during the heyday of Art Nouveau and have a large number of buildings in that style. The Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta – Hôtel Tassel (1893), Hôtel Solvay
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Hôtel Solvay


The Hôtel Solvay is a large Art Nouveau town house designed by Victor Horta on the Avenue Louise in Brussels. The house was commissioned by Armand Solvay, the son of the wealthy Belgian chemist and industrialist Ernest Solvay. For this wealthy patron Horta could spend a fortune on precious materials and expensive details. Horta designed every single detail; furniture, carpets, light fittings, tableware and even the door bell. He used expensive materials such as marble, onyx, bronze, tropic woods etc. For the decoration of the staircase Horta
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Art Nouveau


could be mass produced was the perfume bottle, and these are still manufactured in the style today. Belgium was an early centre of the Art Nouveau, thanks largely to the architecture of Victor Horta, who designed the first Art Nouveau houses, the Hôtel Tassel in 1894, and the Hôtel Solvay in 1898. Horta met and had a strong influence on the work of the young Hector Guimard and Gustave Strauven who was Horta's disciple and started his own practice at 21. Important artists included another Art Nouveau pioneer architect Paul Hankar
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Art Nouveau in Brussels


as the Hôtel Frison (1894), the Hôtel Winssinger (1894–1897), the Hôtel van Eetvelde (1895), the Hôtel Deprez-Van de Velde (1895–1896), and the Hôtel Solvay (1898). In addition to these grand mansions, there were more modest residences such as the house-studio of the sculptor Fernand Dubois (1901–1903), the Sander Pierron House (1903), not to mention Horta's personal home (1898–1901). The style was also used for the retail sector, for example
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Hôtel van Eetvelde


The Hôtel van Eetvelde is a town house designed in 1895 by Victor Horta for Edmond van Eetvelde, administrator of Congo Free State. Together with the Hôtel Tassel, the Hôtel Solvay and his own House and atelier it was put on the 'UNESCO World Heritage List' in 2000 as the core of epoch-making urban residences Victor Horta designed before 1900. It is located at 4 "Avenue Palmerston" in Brussels. The visible application of "industrial" materials such as steel and glass was a novel for prestigious private dwellings
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Art Nouveau


of people (or mascarons) are referred to ornament, the use of people in different forms of sculpture (statues and reliefs: see the respective section below) were also typical for Art Nouveau. Before Vienna Secession, Jugendstil and National romantic style façades were asymmetrical, and often decorated with polychrome ceramic tiles. The decoration usually suggested movement; there was no distinction between the structure and the ornament. The whiplash motif was widely used. The style first appeared in Brussels' Hôtel Tassel (1893-4) and Hôtel Solvay
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Solvay, New York


Process Company and the Hazard family, the first village and school library was in Guild Hall. Then Solvay received a Carnegie library in 1902. James A. Randall of Syracuse was the architect (1902-5). The building was constructed with Hazard support. Since the Hazards' time, the village has provided superior services, as envisioned by the family. Solvay has its own municipal electric company which provides service to the village at one of the least expensive rates in the nation. A typical three bedroom home in the village
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Solvay Process Company


Solvay Process Company, resided in a landmark mansion (1906) designed by Syracuse architect James A. Randall at 1234 James Street in Syracuse until Cogswell died in 1921. The large property became the residence of Roman Catholic bishops of the Diocese of Syracuse, but was destroyed by fire. The Solvay Process Company plant continued soda ash production through the 20th century. After 1980, the demand for soda ash plummeted. By 1985, the company had lost $55 million over the previous three years, forcing AlliedSignal to close and demolish the
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Hôtel Brion


The Hôtel Brion, also known as Villa Brion, is a small Art Nouveau hôtel particulier on rue Sleidan in the Neustadt district of Strasbourg, in the French department of the Bas-Rhin. It has been classified as a Monument historique since 1975. The hôtel particulier was built by the architect, Auguste Brion (1861–1940), for himself in 1904. Brion, the scion of a family of artists directly related to the legendary Friederike Brion, was a prolific architect who built four other houses in the same street between 1903
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Hôtel d'Arbaud-Jouques


The Hôtel d'Arbaud-Jouques is a listed hôtel particulier in Aix-en-Provence. It is located at 19, Cours Mirabeau in Aix-en-Provence. The widow of Jacques Arbaud purchased the left-side Hôtel de Valbelle-Meyrargues in 1695 and her son André-Elzéard d'Arbaud de Jouques (1676-1744) purchased the right-side Hôtel de Séguiran some time later. They were converted in one hôtel particulier in 1732: the hôtel d'Arbaud-Jouques by the architect Jean-Baptiste Franque (1683-
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Hôtel de Grimaldi-Régusse


The Hôtel de Grimaldi-Régusse is a listed hôtel particulier in the Aix-en-Provence of France. It is located at 26, rue de l'Opéra in Aix-en-Provence, in the Villeneuve quarter. It was designed by architects Pierre Puget (1620-1694) and Thomas Veyrier for Charles de Grimaldi-Régusse (1612-1687) in 1680. The facade was designed by architect Laurent Vallon (1652-1724). The ceiling in a drawing-room was painted by Sébastien Barras (1653-
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Hôtel de Guénégaud


de la nature. It is served by the Arts et Métiers and Filles du Calvaire Metro stations. On the site of the present day Hôtel des Monnaies (1768), the Hôtel de Nevers (on the quai de Nevers, just east of the Tour de Nesle) was purchased in 1646 by Henri de Guénégaud and transformed by the architect François Mansart into the Hôtel de Guénégaud in 1648–1652. The rue Guénégaud was created on the garden side of the hôtel. In 1670 ownership of this Hôtel de Guénégaud was transferred to one
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Hôtel de Boisgelin (Rue de Varenne, Paris)


The Hôtel de Boisgelin, a.k.a. Hôtel de La Rochefoucauld-Doudeauville, is a hôtel particulier in Paris, France. It houses the Italian embassy in France. It has been listed since 1926 as a "monument historique" by the French Ministry of Culture. The Hôtel de Boisgelin is located at 47-49 on the Rue de Varenne in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. The hôtel particulier as built in 1732 for Gérard Heusch de Janvry, a Secretary to the King of France. It was designed by French architect Jean
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Hôtel du Poët


The Hôtel du Poët is a listed hôtel particulier in Aix-en-Provence. It is located on the Place Forbin at the top of the Cours Mirabeau in Aix-en-Provence. In 1730, Henri Gautier (1676-1757) purchased some land at the top of the Cours Mirabeau, where there was an old watermill. He commissioned architect Georges Vallon (1688-1767) to design a hôtel particulier: the Hôtel du Poët. Later, it was home to a chemist and a printing press. It
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Hôtel Tubeuf


The Hôtel Tubeuf or Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry is a "hôtel particulier" located at 8 Rue des Petits Champs in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris. It was built in 1635 to the designs of the French architect Jean Thiriot for , president of the . It was unfinished, when in 1641 it was purchased by the financier Jacques Tubeuf, who sold it to Cardinal Mazarin in 1649. The latter expanded it and combined it with adjacent "hôtels", creating the Palais Mazarin, which in 1721 became the Bibliothèque du
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Hôtel Lambert


The Hôtel Lambert () is a "hôtel particulier," a grand mansion townhouse, on the Quai Anjou on the eastern tip of the Île Saint-Louis, in 4th arrondissement of Paris. In the 19th century, the name "Hôtel Lambert" also came to designate a political faction of Polish exiles associated with Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, who had purchased the Hôtel Lambert. The house, on an irregular site at the tip of the Île Saint-Louis in the heart of Paris, was designed by architect Louis
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Hôtel de Crozat


The Hôtel de Crozat, later the Hôtel de Choiseul, was a Parisian "hôtel particulier", constructed in 1704 to the designs of the French architect for the rich banker and art collector Pierre Crozat. It was located on the west side of the rue de Richelieu, south of its intersection with the Grand Boulevard (near today's 101 rue de Richelieu in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris). The Duke of Choiseul acquired the "hôtel" in 1750. The street facade was of modest width, but the property widened
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Hôtel d'Assézat


The Hôtel d'Assézat in Toulouse, France, is a Renaissance "hôtel particulier" ("palace") of the 16th century which houses the Bemberg Foundation, a major art gallery of the city. The Hôtel d'Assézat was likely built by Toulouse architect Nicolas Bachelier for Pierre d'Assézat, a rich Toulouse manufacturer. The construction of the Hôtel began in 1555 and was not yet completed when Pierre d'Assézat died in 1581. It is an outstanding example of Renaissance palaces architecture of southern France, with an elaborate decoration of the "cour d'honneur
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Hôtel de Chevreuse


The former Hôtel de Chevreuse (later known as the Hôtel de Luynes) was a Parisian "hôtel particulier" located at 33 Rue Saint-Dominique (on a site that now includes part of the Boulevard Saint-Germain), just south of the Église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin. The Hôtel de Chevreuse was constructed in 1660 for Marie de Rohan, Duchess of Chevreuse, by the architect Pierre Le Muet, whose designs were engraved by Jean Marot and published in the "Grand Marot" in 1686. Le Muet's
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Robert Seppings


Sir Robert Seppings, FRS (11 December 176725 April 1840) was an English naval architect. Seppings was born to Robert and Lydia Seppings at Fakenham, Norfolk, on 11 December 1767 and baptised three days later. In 1782 he was apprenticed in HMNB Devonport, Plymouth. In 1800, when he had risen to be master shipwright assistant in the yard, he invented a device which greatly reduced the time required to repair the lower portions of ships in dry dock when compared with the laborious process of lifting then in vogue.
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Solvay Castle


Solvay Castle (, also called "Château de La Hulpe"), is a château located in the municipality of La Hulpe, Walloon Brabant, Belgium. The château was built by the Marquis Maximilien de Béthune. Jean-Jacques Arveuf-Fransquin of France and the Belgian architect Jean-François Coppens (1799–1873) were given the task of building the castle, which was completed in 1842. It was erected on the summit of a hill, in Flemish Neo-Renaissance style, flanked by towers at each of the four
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Jean Baptiste Androuet du Cerceau


Jean Baptiste Androuet du Cerceau (1544/47–1590) was a French architect who designed the Pont Neuf (1579), spanning the Seine, Paris, and became supervisor of the royal works under Henri III and Henri IV, including the Louvre. Several "hôtels particuliers" are ascribed to him. The Hôtel d'Angoulême, the Hôtel de Lamoignon (1584), which houses the Historical Library of the City of Paris, and the Hôtel de Mayenne (rue St-Antoine in the Marais). The Hôtel de Mayenne, with rhythmically
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Hôtel Alexandre


Hôtel Alexandre also known as Hôtel Soult is a hôtel particulier in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France designed by French architect Étienne-Louis Boullée. The building was constructed from 1763-1766 and is the best surviving structure designed by Boullée. The hôtel particulier was commissioned by André-Claude-Nicolas Alexandre, a French financer. Boullée began designing the building at age 35, making it one of his earliest projects. A mansard roof was later adder to the building, replacing the original rooftop terrace. In 2001 the building
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Hôtel des Alpes-Grand Hôtel


led to a tourist boom and in 1861 a railway line was opened between Montreux and Villeneuve, calling at Territet. In 1875 a dining hall was added to the building and two years later Ami Chessex chose the architect Louis Maillard (later joined by Eugène Jost) to build the Grand Hôtel beside the hôtel des Alpes. The two buildings were linked by a corridor and soon formed a single structure. Among the Hôtel's many notable guests were Elisabeth of Bavaria, who visited four times, and Francis Joseph I of Austria in
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Hôtel de Guénégaud


Hôtel de Guénégaud refers to one of several 17th-century hôtels particulier, or large townhouses, in Paris. At 60, rue des Archives in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris, this Hôtel de Guénégaud was built between 1651 and 1655 for Jean-François de Guénégaud des Brosses, secrétaire du Roi, maître des Comptes and conseiller d'État, by François Mansart (the only hôtel particulier this architect built to have fully survived). It now houses the Musée de la Chasse et de la Nature and the Club de la chasse et
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Hôtel de Simiane


The Hôtel de Simiane (a.k.a. "Hôtel de Grignan Simiane") is a listed hôtel particulier in Aix-en-Provence. It is located at number 17 on the "Rue Goyrand" in the Quartier Mazarin of Aix-en-Provence. It was designed by architect Thomas Lainée (1682-1739) in the seventeenth century. It includes wallpapers by Claude-Joseph Vernet (1714–1789). It has three stories. Outside, it has a fountain with a fountain. It was the private residence of Françoise
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Hôtel Maurel de Pontevès


The Hôtel Maurel de Pontevès (a.k.a. Hôtel d'Espagnet) is a listed hôtel particulier in Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, France. The hotel is located at 38 on the Cours Mirabeau in the centre of Aix-en-Provence. The hotel was one of the first hotels to be built in the Quartier Mazarin. Its construction started in 1647, and it was only completed four years later, in 1651. It was designed by architects Jean Lombard and Pierre Pavillon. They combined the architectural
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Hôtel de Chimay


This "hôtel" was constructed in 1635 by the entrepreneurs Simon Delespine (d.1680), Martial Baret and Jean Péronne for Macé I Bertrand de La Bazinière, a royal treasurer. Between 1653 and 1658, the hôtel was modified to the designs of the famous François Mansart. Some of the interior work was carried out by Charles Le Brun, then the protégé of Nicolas Fouquet. It was around 1658, that the building was the subject of an engraving by the architect Jean Marot. During 1665, the hôtel was the home
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Rowland G. Hazard


), Frederick Rowland Hazard (1858–1917), Helen Hazard (1861–1925), and Margaret Hazard (1867–1940). Caroline was an educator and author who served as the fifth president of Wellesley College, and Rowland (father of Rowland Hazard III) and Frederick were both executives with the Solvay Process Company. Frederick is today known for hiring noted architect Joseph Lyman Silsbee to build "Upland Farm", his 1899 residence built in Solvay, New York. Helen married Nathaniel T. Bacon and Margaret married the economist, statistician, inventor
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Victor Horta


since been recognized as the first appearance of Art Nouveau in architecture. After receiving great acclaim for his designs, Horta was commissioned to complete many other important buildings throughout Brussels. Enhancing this new architectural style, Horta designed the Hôtel Solvay (1895–1900) and his own residence (1898) employing iron and stone façade with elaborate iron interiors. During 1894, Horta was elected President of the Central Society of Belgian Architecture, although he resigned the following year following a dispute caused when he was awarded the commission for a kindergarten on "
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Art Nouveau in Antwerp


latter, an arterial boulevard, contains a rich cornucopia of highly-ornamented, monumental Victorian- and Edwardian-era architecture, wherein various styles--neoclassical, eclectic, various Renaissance idioms, and above all Art Nouveau--intermingle harmoniously behind small gardens or gates with successive diversity. A few major buildings stand out among the Art Nouveau structures in Antwerp, though none have reached the kind of iconic status such as that enjoyed by Henry van de Velde's Bloemenwerf or Victor Horta's Maison du Peuple, Hôtel Solvay, or Maison Van
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Hôtel de Charost


Hôtel de Charost is a hôtel particulier located at 39 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré in Paris. Since 1814, it has been the official residence of the ambassador of the United Kingdom to France. It is located near the Élysée Palace. The "hôtel" was built in the 1720s for Armand de Bethune, 2nd Duke of Charost, a senior courtier of Louis XV. It was designed by Antoine Mazin, the king's own architect. The building was sited on the rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, which was
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Hôtel Biron


The Hôtel Biron is an "hôtel particulier" located at 77 rue de Varenne, in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, that was built from 1727 to 1732 to the designs of the architect Jean Aubert. Since 1919 it has housed the Musée Rodin, dedicated to the work of Auguste Rodin. The hôtel was built for a financier, Abraham Peyrenc de Moras, who had speculated successfully in the ill-fated paper money schemes of John Law that had ruined many, at a time when the Faubourg Saint-Germain was still
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Hôtel de la Marine


The hôtel de la Marine (also known as the hôtel du Garde-Meuble) is a historic building on place de la Concorde in Paris, to the east of rue Royale. It was built between 1757 and 1774 on what was then known as "place Louis XV", with a façade by Ange-Jacques Gabriel, "First Architect to the King" and designer of the square. The identical building to its west now houses the hôtel de Crillon. The construction was led by Jacques-Germain Soufflot. Its
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Hôtel d'Esmivy de Moissac


The Hôtel d'Esmivy de Moissac (a.k.a. Hôtel de Villars) is a listed hôtel particulier in Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, France. It is located on the corner of the Cours Mirabeau and the Avenue Victor Hugo, in the centre of Aix-en-Provence. Its exact address is 4, Cours Mirabeau. Construction began in 1710. In 1757, its facade was designed by French architect Georges Vallon (1688-1767), who designed many other buildings in Aix, including the
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Hôtel de Sully


"hôtel", completed and fully furnished, on 23 February 1634. He completed the redecoration of the building, and spent his last years living there. His grandson Maximilien commissioned architects, most probably Simon Lambert and François Le Vau, to build an additional wing in 1660, to the west of the garden. The "hôtel de Sully" still bears the name of this family, who owned the building into the 18th century. The "hôtel" then passed through the hands of various owners, becoming an investment property
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Hôtel Lambert


hôtel" was built. A wing extends to the right at the rear, embracing a walled garden. At the same time, Louis Le Vau constructed a residence for himself adjacent to the Hôtel Lambert. He lived there between 1642 and 1650. It was where all of his children were born and his mother died. After the architect's own death in 1670, his "hôtel" was bought by the La Haye family, who owned the other residence as well. Both buildings were then joined and their façades combined.
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Hôtel de Castries


The Hôtel de Castries Hôtel particulier in Paris, located in the 7th arrondissement, at 72 rue de Varenne. Dating from the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th century, it was profoundly transformed by the Duke of Castries between 1843 and 1863, under the architects Joseph-Antoine Froelicher and François Clément Joseph Parent. The hôtel was originally built around the end of the 17th century by Jean Dufour, seigneur de Nogent. Typical of residences of this time, it had a courtyard forming a perfect square and two wings
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Hôtel Thomas de Montval


The Hôtel Thomas de Montval in Toulouse, France, is a 20th-century "hôtel particulier" ("palace") built with Renaissance elements of the 16th century. The mansion was built between 1901 and 1904 by the architect Jules Calbairac. In the courtyard, elements of the sixteenth century Renaissance-style Hôtel Jean de Pins were reused when it was partially demolished by the opening of the rue du Languedoc. The central porch gives access to the inner courtyard through a covered passage. The façades are built on two floors
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Hôtel de Ville, Paris


, a Gothic church tower in a square 150 metres to the west of the Hôtel de Ville. The architects rebuilt the interior of the Hôtel de Ville within the stone shell that had survived the fire. While the rebuilt Hôtel de Ville from the outside appeared to be a copy of the 16th-century French Renaissance building that stood before 1871, the new interior was based on an entirely new design, with ceremonial rooms lavishly decorated in the 1880s style. The central ceremonial doors under the clock are flanked by allegorical figures of
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Hôtel de Toulouse


The Hôtel de Toulouse, former Hôtel de La Vrillière is located at 1 rue de La Vrillière, in the 1st arrondissement of Paris. It was built between 1635 and 1640 by François Mansart, for Louis Phélypeaux, seigneur de La Vrillière. Originally, the mansion had a large garden with a formal parterre to the southwest. In 1712, Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Count of Toulouse (son of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan) acquired the Hôtel de La Vrillière and commissioned Robert de Cotte, "Premier Architecte du Roi
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Sep Ruf


Sep Ruf (full name Franz Joseph Ruf; 9 March 1908, in Munich – 29 July 1982, in Munich) was a German architect and designer, belonging to the Bauhaus group. He was one of the representatives of modern architecture in Germany after World War II. His elegant buildings received high credits in Germany and Europe and his German pavilion of the Expo 58 in Brussels, built together with Egon Eiermann, achieved worldwide recognition. He attended the Interbau 1957 in Berlin-Hansaviertel and was one of the three architects who
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Jacques Garcia


of contemporary architects, and created the concepts for the interiors of the Tour Montparnasse in Paris, Le Méridien hotels, and the Royal Monceau à Paris. He was also the interior architect for the Hôtel Costes and Costes restaurants, the Hotel Majestic, and the restaurant Fouquet's. In 2006, he redecorated the Hôtel Odéon Saint Germain in Paris., He purchased and restored the Château du Champ-de-Bataille in Normandy and undertook to recreate and update the large French formal garden. He also became an avid collector of
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Michel Amelot de Gournay


the previous year by the architect Germain Boffrand and was in course of construction, revealed the daring of the architect and the courage of the patron. The hôtel had numerous features that set it apart from the conventional Parisian "hôtel particulier" of the epoch: its "cour d'honneur" was completely enclosed from the street by a low range with a central door in an Ionic triumphal arch motif; its facade was concave, with a giant order of Corinthian pilasters, and with its wings it embraced an oval forecourt. The house
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Hôtel Tubeuf


in the 17th century can be seen in an engraving by Jean Marot. The Hôtel Tubeuf is one of the last and most splendid examples in Paris of brick-and-stone architecture (popular in France in the early 17th century). Brick-and-stone had already gone out of style at the time this "hôtel" was built, but was used at the request of Duret. The building reflects the architect's fondness for elaborate rustication, stone "chaines" and quoins, and uncommonly shaped pediments decorated in
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Hôtel Costes


The Hôtel Costes is a hotel in Paris, France. Located in 239 rue St-Honoré, it is perhaps best known for its bar and courtyard café. The hotel was commissioned by the Costes brothers, Jean-Louis and Gilbert, to the designer and interior architect Jacques Garcia in 1991. The hotel is now renowned as a den of opulence and was built in conjunction with Klay Robson as Developer and construction consultant (the design maxim was "all things in excess"). Hôtel Costes is not to be confused
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Hôtel de Forbin


The Hôtel de Forbin is a listed hôtel particulier in Aix-en-Provence. It is located at 20, Cours Mirabeau in Aix-en-Provence. It was designed by architect Pierre Pavillon (1612-1670) in 1656. It was built for César de Milan, who served as a legal advisor to the Parliament of Aix-en-Provence. In 1672, it went to the Forbin family thanks to a marriage. Pauline Bonaparte (1780–1825) was a visitor in 1807, as was Joseph Fouché (
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Palais Rohan, Strasbourg


of the municipal architect Joseph Massol, who also worked on the Hôtel de Hanau and the Hôtel de Klinglin during the early years of the project. Massol was assisted by the architects Laurent Gourlade and Étienne LeChevalier. The sculptures, including statues as well as reliefs, were provided by Robert Le Lorrain, assisted by Johann August Nahl, Gaspard Pollet, and Laurent Leprince, and the paintings by and . The ébéniste Bernard Kocke and the ironworkers and locksmiths Jean-François Agon and his son Antoine Agon worked on the furnishings of the
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History of Paris


It was designed by his favourite Italian architect, Domenico da Cortona, who also designed the Château de Chambord in the Loire Valley for the king. The Hôtel de Ville was not finished until 1628. Cortona also designed the first Renaissance church in Paris, the church of Saint-Eustache (1532) by covering a Gothic structure with flamboyant Renaissance detail and decoration. The first Renaissance house in Paris was the Hôtel Carnavalet, begun in 1545. It was modelled after the Grand Ferrare, a mansion in Fontainbleau designed by Italian architect
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Hotel Barrière Le Majestic Cannes


The Hotel Barrière Le Majestic Cannes is a historic luxury hotel on the Croisette in Cannes, built in 1926. It belongs to the Lucien Barrière group. It is a traditional hotel for film stars attending the Cannes Festival. The present hotel is the result of the merger of the parcels of the former hôtel Beau-Rivage and of two neighbouring villas. Construction began in 1923 under the leadership of architect Théo Petit, also architect of the hôtel Normandy at Deauville. He produced an art deco design with a main façade and 2
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Hôtel Ritz Paris


the end of the reign of Louis XIV. The façade was designed by the royal architect Mansart in the late 17th century before the plot was bought and construction began in 1705. The Hôtel Ritz comprises the Vendôme and the Cambon buildings with rooms overlooking the Place Vendôme, and, on the opposite side, the hotel's garden. The Ritz was among the first hotels in Europe to provide a bathroom "en suite", a telephone and electricity for each room. The Hôtel Ritz Paris is 4 floors high, including the
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Hôtel Raphael


Hôtel Raphael is a French luxury hotel situated on Avenue Kléber in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. It is a five-star hotel and belongs to Les Hôtels Baverez. During the German occupation of Paris the hotel was the principle billet for senior officers of the SS, Gestapo and Wehrmacht. The hotel was constructed in 1925 through the initiative of Léonard Tauber and Constant Baverez, co-founders of the Regina (1900) and the Majestic (1908). It was constructed in the Golden Twenties era and designed by architect André
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Hôtel d'Estrées


The Hôtel d'Estrées is a hôtel particulier, a type of large townhouse of France, at 79 rue de Grenelle in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. It is the residence of the Ambassador of the Russian Federation to France. It was designed by Robert de Cotte, architect of King Louis XIV, and built between 1711 and 1713 for Madeleine-Diane de Bautru de Vaubrun, the Duchesse d'Estrées (1668-1753). After belonging to several owners, it was purchased by the Russian government in 1863 and became the Russian Embassy
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Hôtel d'Angoulême Lamoignon


and 1968, the building was restored and extended to finally house the library. The heritage site architects, , Jean Creuzot and André Vois first strengthened the "hôtel", which was in danger of collapsing, destroyed all the 19th-century additions in the courtyard and gardens, and restored the "hôtel to its" early-modern appearance, including the interior and its painted panellings. From 1964 onwards, a new wing was added to the south, which serves as a conservation area for the growing archival collections. The
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Hôtel Beauharnais


The Hôtel Beauharnais () is a historic hôtel particulier, a type of large French townhouse, in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. It was designed by architect Germain Boffrand. Its construction was completed in 1714. By 1803, the structure was purchased by Eugène de Beauharnais, who had it rebuilt in an Empire style. It has been listed as an official historical monument since July 25, 1951. Today it serves as the official residence of the German Ambassador to France. The premises are situated on the left bank of the
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Hôtel de Boisgelin (Aix-en-Provence)


The Hôtel de Boisgelin is a listed hôtel particulier in Aix-en-Provence. It is located at number 11 on the rue du Quatre Septembre, on the Place des Quatre Dauphins, in the Quartier Mazarin of Aix-en-Provence. It was designed by architects Pierre Pavillon (1612-1670) and Jean-Claude Rambot (1621-1694), and built for Louis Le Blanc de Montespin in 1650. In 1697, it was purchased by Pierre-Joseph Laurens-Brue. That year, he commissioned
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Hôtel Hermitage Monte-Carlo


The Hôtel Hermitage Monte-Carlo is a palace style Belle Époque in the heart of Monaco on the French Riviera . It belongs to the Société des bains de mer de Monaco. It was built in 1890 and 1896 the architect Nicolas Marquet with the participation of Gustave Eiffel. The Hotel Hermitage Monte-Carlo is overlooking the Monaco Harbor and the Mediterranean Sea . It is classified as Monument. It is part of the elite palaces in Monaco with the Hôtel de Paris Monte-Carlo, the Monte-Carlo Beach and Monte-
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Hôtel Guimard


Marie-Madeleine Guimard was a ballerina at the Paris Opera and earned 600 Francs per year. She made her fortune as mistress of the Prince de Soubise and had a hôtel particulier, or mansion, in Pantin, a Paris suburb. It boasted its own theater. Her home, at 9, rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin was designed by architect Claude-Nicolas Ledoux in the neoclassical style, and built in the years 1770 to 1773. The Hôtel Guimard was nicknamed "Terpsichore temple" in reference to Mlle Guimard (
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Hôtel de Beauvais


The Hôtel de Beauvais is a hôtel particulier, a kind of large townhouse of France, at 68 rue Francois-Miron, 4th arrondissement, Paris. Until 1865 rue Francois-Miron formed part of the historic rue Saint Antoine and as such was part of the ceremonial route into Paris from the east. The Hotel was built by the royal architect Antoine Le Pautre for Catherine Beauvais in 1657. It is an example of eclectic French baroque architecture. Catherine Beauvais was the first lady to Anne of Austria, and was rumored to
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Hôtel d'Angoulême Lamoignon


to keep his large private library, which included a vast collection of preserved documents on the history of Paris. At his death in 1759, he bequeathed 14,000 volumes to the city, which, in 1763, opened the collection to the public. It is historically the first public municipal library of Paris. In 1774, the Lamoignon family sold the "hôtel", which thereafter belonged to architect . After the French Revolution, like many of the Marais' "hôtels particuliers", the building entered a progressive decrepitude. Divided
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Hôtel de Soissons


The Hôtel de Soissons was a "hôtel particulier" (grand house) built in Paris, France, between 1574 and 1584 for Catherine de' Medici (1519–89) by the architect Jean Bullant (1515–78). It replaced a series of earlier buildings on the same site. After Catherine's death the hotel was enlarged and embellished. The last owner, Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano, installed the Paris Bourse in the gardens, He was forced to sell it in 1740 to pay his debts. It was demolished
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Hôtel Le Bristol Paris


is also recognized for its exquisite dining and offers a variety of dining experiences. The building has a large limestone facade and a glass and wrought-iron elevator designed by a famous Jewish architect The swimming pool resembles the front of a large sailboat, it is notable for being designed by architect Professor Pinnau who is renowned for designing the yachts of the Onassis and Niarchos family. The architecture and decor reflects 18th century history of when the hotel was originally built. Hôtel Le Bristol has recently invested over $30 million in renovations refurbishing
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Hôtel de la Païva


left France and withdrew to Silesia, where she died in 1884. The double entrance to the courtyard of the "hôtel" has been preserved: one door was for entry of cabs and the second for their exit, avoiding the need to turn around. The courtyard has been replaced by commercial establishments: first a financial exchange office, and later a restaurant. La Païva commissioned architect Pierre Manguin to build the "hôtel" in Italian Renaissance style. He worked with the sculptors Léon Cugnot, Eugène Delaplanche, Eugène Legrain,
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Hôtel Tassel


countries were inspired by Horta's 'whiplash' decorative style which is mostly applied to a more traditional building. The Hôtel Tassel had a decisive influence on the French Art Nouveau architect Hector Guimard who later developed a personal interpretation of Horta's example. Hôtel Tassel is currently a private office. The exterior of the building, namely the facade is in itself an example of Art Nouveau. Victor Horta implemented a number of different stylistic changes that distinguished the building from others at the time. These changes however, all existed within the
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Hôtel de Bourbon-Condé


The Hôtel de Bourbon-Condé is a hôtel particulier, a kind of large townhouse of France, at 12 rue Monsieur, 7th arrondissement of Paris. It was built for Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon by architect Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart. In 1780 the twenty-three-year-old unmarried daughter of the Prince of Condé, Louise Adélaïde, also known as Mademoiselle de Condé, requested permission to leave the convent of Panthémont, where she had been educated, to live in the world. To suit her station in life a
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Hôtel de Pourtalès


The Hôtel de Pourtalès is a historic "hôtel particulier", a type of large townhouse of France, at 7 rue Tronchet in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. It was designed by architect Félix Duban and built in 1839 for James-Alexandre de Pourtalès, a Swiss-born banker and art collector. It has been listed as an official historical monument since September 17, 2002. The building is now operated as a luxurious apartment hotel. In October 2016, reality TV personality Kim Kardashian said that she was held at gunpoint
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Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond


"architecte du Roi", he made a set of presentation drawings, dated 1699, for the famous cascade and basin with its "jet d'eau" at royal Saint-Cloud constructed several "hôtels particuliers" in Paris, notably the hôtel de Clermont, rue de Varenne, and the hôtel de Vendôme, rue d'Enfer (today boulevard Saint-Michel). As theoretician and illustrator of architecture, Le Blond produced the second (1710) and third (1720) editions of the "Cours d'architecture de Vignole" translated with
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Hôtel de Soubise


Dukes of Guise, a cadet branch of the House of Lorraine. It was the birthplace of the last Duke, Francis Joseph, Duke of Guise, the son of Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans, Duchess of Alençon. He died in 1675 and the Guise estate passed to Marie de Lorraine who died at the Hôtel in 1688 having been born there in 1615. On March 27, 1700, François de Rohan, prince de Soubise bought the Hôtel de Clisson, lately de Guise, and asked the architect Pierre-Alexis Delamair to remodel
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Hôtel Jean de Pins


The Hôtel Jean de Pins in Toulouse, France, is a Renaissance "hôtel particulier" ("palace") of the 16th century. Its double gallery on the courtyard is a listed historical monument since 1995. The hotel is built around 1528 by Jean de Pins, one of the most renowned humanists of the Renaissance of Toulouse. He died in 1537 and his heirs sold it in 1542 to Jean de Nolet, who undertakes to have it restored, transformed and enlarged by famous architect Nicolas Bachelier. The hotel had to
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Hôtel de Caumont


The Hôtel de Caumont is a listed hôtel particulier in Aix-en-Provence. It is located at 1 rue Joseph Cabassol, in the Quartier Mazarin of Aix-en-Provence. It was designed by architects Robert de Cotte (1656–1735) and Georges Vallon (1688-1767), and built from 1715 to 1742 for François Rolland de Réauville de Tertulle, the Marquess of Cabannes. Sculptors Jean-Baptiste Rambot and Bernard Toro designed the atlas. Inside, the entrance has an indoor fountain, with two sets of
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Hôtel de Massa


The Hôtel de Massa is an 18th-century "hôtel particulier", or large townhouse, at 38 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques in the 14th arrondissement of Paris. It was originally located on the avenue des Champs-Élysées and was moved in 1929 to its present location, in a park beside the gardens of the Paris Observatory. Classified as a historical monument, it has since been occupied by the Société des gens de lettres. The neoclassical hotel was built between 1777 to 1778 by architect Jean-Baptiste Le Boursier
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Jean Androuet du Cerceau


Jean Androuet du Cerceau (c.1585–1650) was a French architect, the son of Jean Baptiste Androuet du Cerceau, the outstanding Parisian architect of his generation. Cerceau the younger is known for his "hôtels particuliers" in Paris. One, the most famous, is the Hôtel de Sully (1624–29), ranged symmetrically round a deep entrance court off the rue St-Antoine, which was commissioned by the financier Mesme Gallet and bought after its completion by Henri IV's faithful minister. Sculpted figures in high relief set against recessed
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Solvay S.A.


and be better placed to seize opportunities and realize its growth ambitions. The company is a supporter of the Solvay Conferences that were started by Ernest Solvay in 1911. On December 3, 2015, Solvay launched a share issue sent to existing shareholders, completing funding for the $5.5 billion purchase of Cytec Industries Inc. The company's head office is located in Brussels, Belgium. It was previously in Ixelles, Brussels Solvay's United States subsidiary, Solvay America, Inc., is based in Houston, Texas. Solvay is a main
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Musée des Archives Nationales


The Hôtel de Soubise was first built in 1371 as the Hôtel de Clisson and later acquired by the Ducs de Guise. In 1705, it was rebuilt by architect Pierre-Alexis Delamair (1676–1745) for François de Rohan-Soubise and Anne-de Rohan Chabot, with little remaining of the original structure but its turreted medieval gateway which is now the only surviving remnant of Parisian private architecture from the 14th century (see image). The adjoining Hôtel de Rohan was built at the same time. In 1808 both buildings were
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Hôtel de Crillon


French state. The eastern building, Hôtel de la Marine, housed the headquarters of the French Navy until 2015. The western building that would become the Hôtel de Crillon was first occupied by Louis Marie Augustin, Duke of Aurmont, a famous patron of the arts. The building was further enhanced by its second owner, the architect Louis-François Trouard, who had the Salon de Aigles built in 1775. On 6 February 1778, the building was the venue where the newly founded United States and France signed their first treaties
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Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management


The Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management (abbreviated as SBS-EM and also known as simply Solvay) is a school of economics and management and a Faculty of the Université libre de Bruxelles, a French-speaking private research university located in Brussels, Belgium. Business education started in 1899 and Solvay was established in 1903 through a donation from Ernest Solvay. The roots of the Solvay School stretch back to the founding of the Department of Economics of the Université libre de Bruxelles in 1899 and the founding of the Solvay Business
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Charles Juste de Beauvau, Prince of Craon


his bed at the height of the Reign of Terror. The maréchal de Beauvau, died at the "hôtel de Beauvau", his Parisian residence on the Place Beauvau, named after him. The hôtel was built by the architect Nicolas Le Camus de Mézières around 1770 for Charles Juste. The hôtel de Beauvau has housed the Ministry of the Interior since 1861. He owned the Château du Val at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, a property later acquired by Benjamin Franklin. His nephew Marc Étienne Gabriel de Beauvau (
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De Brouckère Square


the 1960s (Philips Tower, Monnaie Center). The square is home to the Hotel Metropole (1895), where the first Solvay Conference on Physics and on Chemistry was held in the autumn of 1911. On the opposite side stands the former "Eldorado" cinema, now the "UGC De Brouckère", with its Grand Room featuring African-themed Art Deco motifs by the architect Marcel Chabot. The focal point is the Hotel Continental (1874) by the architect Eugène Carpentier – well known to people of Brussels because
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Rosignano Solvay


Rosignano Solvay is a "frazione" (detached borough) of Rosignano Marittimo, Tuscany, Italy, located some 25 km from Livorno. It houses the White Beaches (Italian: "Spiagge bianche"), whose sand is formed by limestone (90%) and calcium chloride (10%) produced by the nearby Solvay since 1914. Sights include the Teatro Solvay, two Etruscan museums and the Villaggio Solvay residential complex. The effluent from the Solvay factory contains many toxic chemicals such as mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium
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Solvay Conference


The International Solvay Institutes for Physics and Chemistry, located in Brussels, were founded by the Belgian industrialist Ernest Solvay in 1912, following the historic invitation-only 1911 "Conseil Solvay", considered a turning point in the world of physics. The Institutes coordinate conferences, workshops, seminars, and colloquia. Following the initial success of 1911, the Solvay Conferences ("Conseils Solvay") have been devoted to outstanding preeminent open problems in both physics and chemistry. The usual schedule is every three years, but there have been
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Solvay Process Company


The Solvay Process Company (1880–1985) was a pioneer chemical industry of the United States in the manufacture of soda ash and a major employer in Central New York. The company was the origin of the village of Solvay. The Solvay Process Company was a joint venture between the inventing chemists, Belgians Ernest and Alfred Solvay, who owned the patent rights to the Solvay process, and Americans William B. Cogswell (1834–1921) and Rowland Hazard II (1829–1898). Cogswell, a former resident of Syracuse, New York, was an
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Solvay process


Co., and built a Solvay plant at Winnington, near Northwich, Cheshire, England. The facility began operating in 1874. Mond was instrumental in making the Solvay process a commercial success. He made several refinements between 1873 and 1880 that removed byproducts that could slow or halt the process. In 1884, the Solvay brothers licensed Americans William B. Cogswell and Rowland Hazard to produce soda ash in the US, and formed a joint venture (Solvay Process Company) to build and operate a plant in Solvay, New York. By
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Solvay process


the 1890s, Solvay-process plants produced the majority of the world's soda ash. In 1938 large deposits of the mineral trona were discovered near the Green River in Wyoming from which sodium carbonate can be extracted more cheaply than produced by the process. With the closing of the original Solvay, New York plant in 1986, there have been no Solvay-based plants operating in North America. Throughout the rest of the world the Solvay process remains the major source of soda ash. The Solvay process results in soda ash (
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Christian Jourquin


Finance Department of Solvay at the Italian Headquarters in Milan. Between 1980 and 1990, he managed Solvay Duphar in the Netherlands, which represented a large part of the international pharmaceutical activities of Solvay. Between 1990 and 1996, he worked for Solvay at the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), Solvay Interox in 1996 and the Processing Sector of the group from 1997 to 2000. He was General Manager of the Chemicals Sector at Solvay SA until 30 April 2006 and since May 2006 he has been Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of
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Solvay Process Company


developed with the brothers a coke oven designed to recover valuable materials formerly wasted in the coking process. In 1892 the Solvay Process Company built the first of the ovens in America, forming the Semet-Solvay Company three years later to build and operate them. Coke plants were located in Ashland, Kentucky; Buffalo, New York; Detroit, Michigan; and Ironton, Ohio. Semet-Solvay operated its own mines in West Virginia, providing much of its coal supply. Both the Solvay Process Company and the Semet-Solvay
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Hazard family


by Rowland G. Hazard II (1855–1918) became the Museum of Primitive Culture Records at Peace Dale, The family commissioned architects to design their projects. Douglas Smyth designed the company headquarters (1888) and probably designed nearby Guild Hall (1890), both of which are now razed. The Hazards contributed land and resources for the Village of Solvay to grow. The residential neighborhood of Piercefield was developed as Upland Farm, the Hazard estate. The landmark Hazard mansion, designed by the nationally distinguished architect, Joseph Lyman Silsbee (1848–1913
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Stern


called for "fashioning" the after part of the ship. This frame is designed to support the various beams that make up the stern. In 1817 the British naval architect Sir Robert Seppings first introduced the concept of the round or "circular" stern. The square stern had been an easy target for enemy cannon, and could not support the weight of heavy stern chase guns. But Seppings' design left the rudder head exposed, and was regarded by many as simply ugly—no American warships were designed with such sterns
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Theophilus P. Chandler Jr.


Theophilus Parsons Chandler Jr. (Sep 7, 1845– August 16, 1928) was an American architect of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He spent his career at Philadelphia, and is best remembered for his churches and country houses. He founded the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania (1890), and served as its first head. Born in Boston on 7 Sep 1845, the son of Theophilus Parsons Chandler and his wife Elizabeth J Schlatter, Chandler was educated at Harvard University and in the atelier of
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Ernest Solvay


, and (then only 32 years old) Albert Einstein. A later conference would include Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Erwin Schrödinger. He was twice elected to the Belgian Senate for the Liberal Party and granted honorary title of Minister of State at the end of his life. Solvay, New York and Rosignano Solvay, the locations of the first Solvay process plants in the United States and in Italy, are also named after him. Solvay died at Ixelles at the age of 84 and is interred there
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Solvay Institute of Sociology


The Solvay Institute of Sociology [SIS; "Institut de Sociologie Solvay"] assumed its first “definitive form” (Solvay 1902/1906: 26) on November 16, 1902, when its founder Ernest Solvay, a wealthy Belgian chemist, industrialist, and philanthropist, inaugurated the original edifice of SIS in Parc Léopold (BS 2006). Under the guidance of its first director, Emile Waxweiler, SIS expressed a “conception of a sociology open to all of the disciplines of the human sciences: ethnology, of course, but
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Solvay, New York


Solvay is a village located in Onondaga County, New York, and a suburb of the city of Syracuse. According to the 2010 census, the village had a total population of 6,584. The village is named after the Solvay brothers, Belgian inventors of the chemical process employed by the Solvay Process Company, formerly the major industry of the village. The area was within the former Central New York Military Tract, but Solvay was in a location reserved for members of the Onondaga tribe. The village was initially founded in 1794 by
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Solvay Process Company


. The village grew around the Solvay Process plant. The Church and Dwight Company, producer of "Arm and Hammer Baking Soda," which used material from the Solvay Process, built a production facility nearby. Large marshlands around the lake provided disposal for sludge from the process, leaving extensive "waste beds." These have contributed to pollution of the lake. The Hazard family invested in an affiliated business, the Semet-Solvay Company, formed in 1895. Louis Semet, a relative of Ernest and Alfred Solvay, had
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Solvay, New York


in 1895. Other major businesses of Solvay include the Frazer & Jones Company (Division of the Eastern Company), a foundry; Crucible Steel, producer of specialty steels; Iroquois China Company (Solvay China); Pass & Seymour, producing electrical wiring devices, and Ben Weitsman & Son of Syracuse, LLC., a metal recycling center. The Solvay Process plant, by then owned by Allied Chemical and Dye Corporation, closed in 1985. The community has remained stable despite this loss. Reflecting paternalistic programs of the Solvay
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Solvay S.A.


Solvay is a Belgian chemical company founded in 1863, with its head office in Neder-Over-Heembeek, Brussels, Belgium. In 2015, it realized 12.4 billion € in revenues, 2.336 billion € of REBITDA, 43% of its sales in emerging high-growth countries, 90% of its sales in markets where it is ranked among the top three manufacturers. With 145 sites, Solvay employs 30,900 people in 53 countries. Founded in 1863 by Ernest Solvay and his brother Alfred Solvay to produce sodium carbonate by the
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Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management


School in 1903. Ernest Solvay founded and funded a business-oriented institution under the name of "École de Commerce Solvay", as a private initiative established with the support of the Brussels business community. The Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management was established in 2008 as a result of the merger of the Department of Economics and the Solvay Business School. More than 3,700 students attend some thirty programmes at the School today. Since 2018, its current Dean is Philip VERGAUWEN, former Dean of the University of Maastricht's School
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Hôtel de Conti


It was then sold to the wife of "François Séguy", a businessman related to the military. The building then underwent many changes under the direction of the architect Lavoyepierre. Victims of financial difficulties, the Séguy couple quickly separated from their new acquisition. In 1800, the "hôtel" awarded by a court to Joseph Lanfrey, who rent it to Lucien Bonaparte, then Minister of the Interior, and Napoléon's brother. In 1802, Lucien Bonaparte, acquired the property and again had it redesigned. Three years later
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