Spasskaya Tower [SEP] architect
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Spasskaya Tower


The Spasskaya Tower (), translated as 'Saviour Tower', is the main tower on the eastern wall of the Moscow Kremlin which overlooks the Red Square. The Spasskaya Tower was built in 1491 by the Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari. Initially, it was named the Frolovskaya Tower after the Church of Frol and Lavr in the Kremlin, which is no longer there. The tower's modern name comes from the icon of 'Spas Nerukotvorny' () translated as 'The Saviour Not Made by Hands', which was
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Spasskaya Tower


placed above the gates on the inside wall in 1658 and removed in 1917. The tower is also named for the wall-painted icon of 'Spas Smolensky' () translated as 'Smolensky Saviour', which was created in the 16th century on the outside wall of tower, plastered over in 1937, but reopened and restored in 2010. The Spasskaya Tower was the first tower of the many Moscow Kremlin Towers to be crowned with the hipped roof in 1624–1625 by architects Bazhen Ogurtsov and Christopher Galloway (a Scottish architect and
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Kazan


Konstantin Thon, now the Palace of the President of Tatarstan. Next door, the ornate baroque Sts-Peter-and-Paul's Cathedral on Qawi Nacmi Street and Marcani Mosque on Qayum Nasiri Street date back to the 18th century. The Spasskaya Tower was built in two floors by 16th century Pskov architects Ivan Shiryai and Postnik Yakovlev. From the inside, the northern side of the fortress to the Spasskaya Tower adjoined the gate to Spasskaya Church, which has now merged with the tower. The typical Pskovian architectural elements of the
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Kremlin Clock


from the Trinity and Borovitskaya Towers and moved to the Spasskaya Tower. Most of the restoration work on the tower itself was done at the same time under the direction of the architect Gerasimov. The metal floors, stairs, and clock pedestal were made according to drawings by Russian architect Konstantin Thon, the designer of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. From then on, the chimes played the "March of the Preobrazhensky regiment" at 12 and 6 o'clock, while at 3 and 9 o'clock it played the anthem "How Glorious
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Kazan


wall on the left side of the tower). Until the middle of the 19th century, there was a moat with a stone bridge in front of the tower. The South-Western Tower was built simultaneously with the Spasskaya tower by Pskov masters and is a classic example of the Pskov style of defensive structures. The name of the Transfiguration Tower comes from the Transfiguration Monastery of the Savior, which was fenced from the north-west. The tower was also built by Pskov architects Postnik and Barma, but it was significantly
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List of Moscow Kremlin towers


The original icon of Saint Nicholas of Mozhaysk, placed above the entrance on Red Square had been plastered over by Soviet authorities and was uncovered and restored in 2010 - similar to what took place on the Spasskaya Tower. Geographical coordinates: The Corner Arsenalnaya Tower (, i.e. "Corner Arsenal tower") is a "tower" of the Moscow Kremlin. It was built in 1492 by an Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari. The construction of this tower completed the Kremlin's line of defence from the side of the Red Square.
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Spasskaya Tower


clock maker). According to a number of historical accounts, the clock on the Spasskaya Tower appeared between 1491 and 1585. It is usually referred to as the Kremlin chimes (Кремлёвские куранты) and designates official Moscow Time. The clock face has a diameter of 20 feet. The gate of Spasskaya Tower was used to greet dignitaries, and was also used during formal ceremonies or processions. The tower gate was once the main entrance into the Kremlin. In tsarist times, anyone passing through the gates had to remove their headgear
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Kazan


rebuilt later, as it has strong traces of the architectural influence of the Moscow defensive architecture. The territory from the Transfiguration Tower to the Spasskaya pass was added to the old Khan's fortress by Pskov masters. There are unnamed round brick towers, presumably built by Moscow architects in the 17th century. The Tainitskaya Tower was built in its present form in the 1550s by Postnik Yakovlev. It was named after a secret source from which it was possible to take water during a siege. The entrance to the tower is in the
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Spasskaya Tower


, having failed to show his respect, and the French Emperor's hat was said to have fallen from his head." The Spasskaya Tower was commissioned to be built by Ivan III, or Ivan the Great, the leader of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and the grandfather of Ivan the Terrible. On top of the gates of Spasskaya Tower, there appears the following inscription (it is inscribed in Latin): In Latin: IOANNES VASILII DEI GRATIA MAGNUS DUX VOLODIMERIAE, MOSCOVIAE, NOVOGARDIAE, TFERIAE, PLESCOVIAE, VETICIAE
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Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo


The Spasskaya Tower International Military Music Festival is an annual military music event and military tattoo held in Moscow on Red Square. Participating in the festival are Russian and foreign military bands, Folk groups, and the Honor Guard Units of foreign countries. More than 40 countries have taken part in the festival since 2006. It is named after the world-famous Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin. Its TV partner is TV Centre. The musical director of the festival is the senior director of music of the Military Band Service of the
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Church of the Saviour, Tyumen


near the walls of the Tyumen Kremlin. Local historian Aleksandr Ivanenko assumes that it was named after the Spasskaya gate tower of the Kremlin, from which started the Large Spasskaya Street (now the Republic Street). According to Ivanenko, the church was located a bit to the left of a house at the Republic Street; that place is now swamped by the Tura River. After a heavy fire in 1668 the walls of the posad were relocated to the east, and consequently the Spasskaya gate tower was moved from the Kremlin to
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Red Square


reign, Catherine the Great decided to make improvements to the square. In 1786 the upper floor of the market lines was made of stone. This line was built on the opposite side of the square, near a moat between the Spasskaya and Nikolskaya towers. Then architect Matvey Kazakov built (in the old forms) the new Lobnoye mesto of hewn stone, slightly West of the place where it was before. In 1804, at the request of merchants, the square was paved in stone. In 1806 Nikolskaya Tower was reconstructed
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Spasskaya Tower


and dismount their horses. "The Russians have always regarded the Spasskaya Tower with great reverence. According to old legends, the tower was possessed with miraculous powers and was reputed to protect the Kremlin from enemy invasion. People passing through the gates would always observe the custom of crossing themselves and doffing their hats to show their respect, and horses passing under the gates of the tower were said to shy. In fact, legend has it that Napoleon himself could not prevent his horse from taking fright as he rode through the gates
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Kazan Kremlin


the Great. A well-known legend connects the tower with the last queen of the Khanate of Kazan. Another recognizable architectural feature is the Spasskaya Tower, which anchors the southern end of the Kremlin and serves as the main entrance to the Kremlin. The Spasskaya Tower is named after the Spassky Monastery, which used to be located nearby. Among the monastery's buildings were the Church of St. Nicholas (1560s, four piers) and the Cathedral of the Saviour's Transfiguration (1590s, six piers). They were destroyed
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Kremlin Clock


The Kremlin Clock (; "Kremlyovskiye chasy") or Kremlin Chimes (; "Kremlyovskiye kuranty"), also known colloquially in the West as Moscow Clock Tower, is a historic clock on the Spasskaya Tower of Moscow Kremlin. The clock dial is above the main gates to Red Square. For decades, the chimes have rung on the quarter-hour, with bells tolling for each full hour. According to various historical accounts, the clock on the Spasskaya Tower was built between 1491 and 1585. In 1585, clocks were in
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Spasskaya Tower


first of March, in the year of the Lord 1491. After the rise of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin replaced the two-headed eagle on top of the Spasskaya Tower with a red star because he wanted to remove all evidence of the former Tsarist time, the star is rotating in 360°. The height of the tower with the star is 71 meters. The tradition of dismounting your horse and removing your hat ended during the Soviet reign. Cars approached the gate head on from the place of skulls and the
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Sep Ruf


1593 to 1596. In the 17th century it was called the Herzog-Max-Burg. After it was destroyed in World War II., only the renaissance-tower was still standing. The city asked some architects to find ideas for the place and allowed to destroy the old tower. Only Ruf and Theo Papst were the two architects, who wanted to save it. So both got the order to build the New Maxburg. The steel skeleton building followed the structure of the tower and in the middle of the buildings
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Central Military Band of the Ministry of Defense of Russia


events of Russia. The band regularly performs in the Grand Kremlin Palace, the Spasskaya Tower Festival, and parades on Red Square. The central band actively tours the globe, and has made appearances in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Germany, Denmark, Israel, Italy, China, North Korea, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, the U.S, France, Switzerland, and Sweden. It also collaborates extensively with the Moscow & District Pipe Band. In the Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo editions
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Vasili Yermolin


depicting St George and St. Demetrius, protectors of the Muscovite princes. A fragment of the St. George relief is now on display in the State Tretyakov Gallery. The second relief was lost. Judging by the looks of the surviving fragment, both of them represented the finest examples of the old Russian sculpture. During the reconstruction of the Spasskaya Tower by an Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari, these reliefs were affixed onto it and remained there until they redesigned its top in 1624–1625. Vasili Yermolin restored a church of the Ascension Monastery (
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Clock tower


as "Big Ben") in London, the tower of Philadelphia City Hall, the Rajabai Tower in Mumbai, the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin, the Torre dell'Orologio in the Piazza San Marco in Venice, Italy, and the Zytglogge clock tower in the Old City of Bern, Switzerland. The tallest freestanding clock tower in the world is the Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower (Old Joe) at the University of Birmingham in Birmingham, United Kingdom. The tower stands at tall and was completed in 1908. The clock
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Spasskaya Tower


many of them hold church services, however irregularly because the cathedrals are still operated as museums. The Spasskaya Gate posed an issue following the collapse of communism. In the new capitalist and market-based economy, the passage of vehicles disrupted the flow of pedestrians to GUM and other shopping centers, even though few vehicles actually passed through the gate each day. In 1999, the decision was made to finally close the gate to all traffic. The signal lights and guard platforms still remain. The gate is used occasionally when repairs
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Kremlin stars


more star was also installed on the Vodovzvodnaya tower. The size and the form of each of the five stars were defined proceeding from the height and architectural features of each corresponding tower. The distance between the end points of beams of the star installed on the Vodovzvodnaya tower equals , Borovitskaya tower – , Troitskaya tower – , and Nikolskaya and Spasskaya towers – . The bearing construction of each of the Kremlin stars is made of stainless steel and represents a spatial pentagonal star, the points of which have the form of a tetrahedral pyramid
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Lazar the Serb


regarded a technical miracle at the time. Clocks in urban towers, or municipal hour signals, did exist earlier in Italy, though it is not known how they indicated the hours. In 1344, Paduan chronicles confirmed an entirely new technology – a clock in a tower at the Paduan palace which automatically struck the hours (24h). The clock tower has not survived, and its exact location is undetermined, although it is believed to have been located at or near the Spasskaya Tower (formerly known as Frolovskaya). The
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Moscow Kremlin Wall


the newest one-Tsarskaya to 1680. Three of the towers, located in the corners of the castle have unique circular profiles. From the ground level it is only possible to enter six of the towers, the rest only from the walls. Four gate towers exist, all crowned with ruby stars, they are Spasskaya, Borovitskaya, Troitskaya and Nikolskaya. Although up to the 1930 it was also possible to enter the Kremlin via the gates of Tainitskaya tower, however these were covered up yet leaving their portal clearly visible.
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Moscow Kremlin Wall


The main gates in the Spasskaya tower are normally (with the exception of official and religious ceremonies) closed to the public. The gates under the Nikolskaya tower are often used for service duties only. Visitors to the Kremlin normally enter the premises via the gates under the Troitksaya tower, except for those who wish to visit the Armoury chamber and the Treasury fond, which are accessible via the gates of the Borovitskaya tower. Before 1917 it was also possible to book an excursion, lasting over two hours, to walk along the
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Sep Ruf


design and build the government buildings of the new capital city of the western part of Germany, Bonn. Every architect got his own part to realize. For example, the new upper house of the German parliament, the tower building of the delegates, the privat- and representative house of the chancellor of the Federal Republic. In 1963 and 1964 Ruf built the house for the chancellor. It was to be a house to live in and also to be a representative building to welcome guests of state. In a park beside the
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Kremlin Clock


use at three of the Kremlin's gates, Spasskaya, Taynitskaya and Troitskaya Towers, exemplifying the use of clocks as early as the 16th century. There are mentions from 1613–1614 of a clock at the Nikolskaya Tower as well. In 1614 the clock at the Frolovskaya Tower was maintained by Nikiforka Nikitin. In September 1624 some old wartime clocks were sold to the Yaroslavl' Jesus Transfiguration Monastery. In 1625, under the leadership of Scottish engineer and clockmaker Christopher Galloway, the Russian clockmakers Zhdan, his son Shumilo Zhdanov, and his
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Kazan


six-columned Annunciation Cathedral (1561–62) and the mysterious, formerly leaning Söyembikä Tower, named after the last queen of Kazan and regarded as the city's most conspicuous landmark. Also of interest are the towers and walls, erected in the 16th and 17th centuries but later reconstructed; the Qol-Şarif Mosque, which has been rebuilt inside the citadel; remains of the Saviour Monastery (a 16th-century cathedral demolished by the Bolsheviks) with the Spasskaya Tower; and the Governor's House (1843–53), designed by
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Pietro Antonio Solari


invited to Russia by Ivan III to construct the walls and towers of the Moscow Kremlin. Within the next two years, Solari built most of the walls (excluding the western wall built by his successor Aleviz) and towers of the Kremlin, including the Borovitskaya, Konstantino-Eleninskaya, Spasskaya, Nikolskaya, and Corner Arsenalnaya towers. Engineering methods, technique and architectural forms, used by Solari, were reminiscent of the fortifications of Northern Italy. On top of the Spasskie Gates there was inscribed the following inscription: IOANNES VASILII DEI
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ODDO BHF


. The bank was formed on 1 January 1970 as the Berliner Handels- und Frankfurter Bank from the merger of the Frankfurter Bank (founded in 1854) and the Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft (founded in 1856). In 1970, when the BHF-Bank tower was built by the German architect Sep Ruf, it was the highest building in Frankfurt. The banks changed its name to BHF-Bank in 1975. Through the 1970s and 1980s it was in the top three to five investment banks in West Germany and had a top
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Hussainiwala


,Sep Baban Falke, Sep Vasu Naik, Sep Raghunath Chalke, Sep Shankar Bhosale and Sep Mahadeo Paste. The battalion lives true to its motto, Kartavya Maan Sahas meaning 'Duty, Honour and Courage'. It defended the Hussainiwala headworks against an attack by a full infantry brigade supported by armoured columns of the Pakistan Army. The tower on the other side of the river was captured and razed to ground. Lt KM. Palande, Lt. Feroz Doctor, Lt. S Deshpande showed great courage and ingenuity by targeting
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Kremlin stars


The Kremlin stars () are pentagonal luminescent ruby stars, installed in the 1930s on five towers of the Moscow Kremlin, replacing gilded eagles that had symbolized Imperial Russia. The first Kremlin star was installed on top of the Spasskaya Tower on October 25, 1935. During the next week, another three stars were installed on the Troitskaya, Nikolskaya, and Borovitskaya towers. These stars replaced huge copper two-headed eagles, installed in pre-revolutionary times, which were a part of the Coat of Arms of Imperial Russia.
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Robert Seppings


Sir Robert Seppings, FRS (11 December 176725 April 1840) was an English naval architect. Seppings was born to Robert and Lydia Seppings at Fakenham, Norfolk, on 11 December 1767 and baptised three days later. In 1782 he was apprenticed in HMNB Devonport, Plymouth. In 1800, when he had risen to be master shipwright assistant in the yard, he invented a device which greatly reduced the time required to repair the lower portions of ships in dry dock when compared with the laborious process of lifting then in vogue.
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Sep Ruf


of Germany), the Allied High Commission at the palace Deichmannsaue in Bad-Godesberg/Bonn together with the architects Otto Apel, Rudolf Letocha, Rohrer and Herdt. The tower-building of the HICOG went to be the Embassy of the United States in Bonn from 1955 until 1999. After the Embassy moved to Berlin the two parts became two ministries. They also built the residential estates of Plittersdorf, Tannenbusch and Muffendorf, where the German and American staff lived. Every estate had about 400 houses, wide streets and an
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Syzran Kremlin


The Syzran Kremlin () is located in the Russian town Syzran Samara Oblast, on the Kremlin hill at the confluence of the Volga, Syzranka river, Krymza river, overlooking the main historic street «Soviet». (another called «Biggest street») The preserved «Spaskaya tower» of Syzran Kremlin is the embodiment of old Russian architecture. The only Kremlin in the Samara Oblast. Has survived only «Spasskaya» Tower». The Kremlin also houses the Church of the Nativity (1717). In 1683 construction began
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Red Square


Pozharsky entered the Kremlin through the square. In memory of this event, he built the Kazan Cathedral – in honour of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, followed his army in a campaign. At the same time (1624–1625), Spasskaya tower received contemporary tent roofs. This was done on the proposal and the draught of Christopher Galloway from Scotland, who was summoned to design the new tower's clock and suggested the arrangement of the tent roof over the clock. In the mid-century a gilded double-
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Ilimsk


Ust-Ilimsk Reservoir. Before the site was flooded, archaeological excavations were carried out in the village during 1967–75; the Spasskaya Tower and the Church of Our Lady of Kazan from the old "ostrog" (wooden fort) were taken apart and moved to the Taltsy Museum (), an open-air museum of traditional architecture near Irkutsk. In the early 2000s, an exact copy of another tower of the former Ilimsk "ostrog" and the southern wall of the fortress were built at the Taltsy site next to the
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Spasskaya Tower


, ONGARIAE, PERMIAE, BUOLGARIAE ET ALIAS TOTIUSQUE RAXIE DOMINUS, ANNO 30 IMPERII SUI HAS TURRES CONDERE FECIT ET STATUIT PETRUS ANTONIUS SOLARIUS MEDIOLANENSIS ANNO NATIVIT ATIS DOMINI 1491 KALENDIS MARTIIS IUSSIT PONERE. In English: Ivan Vasiliyevich, by the grace of God the Grand Duke of Vladimir, Moscow, Novgorod, Tver, Pskov, , Yugra, Perm, Bulghar, and for other reasons that of all of Raxis, the year of 30 their government, these towers he did [commission] a Pietro Antonio Solari of Milan in the
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Kremlin Wall Necropolis


and built earthen fortifications around Nikolskaya and Spasskaya towers. From 1776–1787 Matvey Kazakov built the Kremlin Senate that today provides a backdrop for the present-day Necropolis. Throughout the 18th century the unused, neglected fortifications deteriorated and were not properly repaired until the 1801 coronation of Alexander I. In one season the moat with bridges and adjacent buildings was replaced with a clean span of paved square. More reconstruction followed in the 19th century. The stretch of Kremlin wall south from Senate Tower was badly damaged in 1812 by the explosion at the Kremlin
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Sep Ruf


Sep Ruf (full name Franz Joseph Ruf; 9 March 1908, in Munich – 29 July 1982, in Munich) was a German architect and designer, belonging to the Bauhaus group. He was one of the representatives of modern architecture in Germany after World War II. His elegant buildings received high credits in Germany and Europe and his German pavilion of the Expo 58 in Brussels, built together with Egon Eiermann, achieved worldwide recognition. He attended the Interbau 1957 in Berlin-Hansaviertel and was one of the three architects who
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Poltava Art Museum


Dykanka), the Galagans (in Sokyrnytsi), the Kapnists (in Obukhivka), the Repnins (in Yahotyn) were now in public ownership. The museum was located in the mansion which had belonged to the landowner Bolyubash. It had been built in 1912 (the design was by the famous architect Aleshin) in a quiet corner of Poltava at 11, Spasskaya street. In a year and a half, the museum became an art department of the present Local History Museum. From 1934, after liquidation of the museum
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Order of Victory


The rubies in the arms are synthetic, not because the synthetic gems were cheaper, but because they had to be of a uniform color, which could not be guaranteed with natural stones. In the center of the star is a silver medallion, with the Moscow Kremlin wall, the Spasskaya Tower, and Lenin's Mausoleum depicted in gold surrounded by bands of laurel and oak also colored in gold. The laurel and oak are bound with a red banner. The sky in the background is inlaid with blue enamel. Against the
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Minute of Silence


toll of the Moscow Kremlin bells and the clock at the Spasskaya Tower striking seven in the evening. The address was initially narrated by well-known Soviet radio commenter and actress Vera Enyutina. The TV version was showing the flame on the background of a wall with the text "To the Memory of the Fallen." Due to its solemnity the address was informally known as "the prayer". After Enyutina emigrated to the United States the address was narrated by Levitan, and later by Igor Kirillov. The text of the
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Mosfilm


"Moskinokombinat", and in 1936 – to "Mosfilm". During World War II the film studio personnel were evacuated to Alma-Ata (August 1941) and merged with other Soviet production units into the "Central United Film Studio" ("TsOKS"). The Mosfilm personnel returned to Moscow at the end of 1943. The famous Mosfilm logo, representing the monument "Worker and Kolkhoz Woman" by Vera Mukhina and Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin, was introduced in 1947 in the musical comedy, "Spring"
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October Revolution Day


formations. The mobile column, also present, was made up of around 170-380 vehicles and around 3,900 crews drawn from the participant units making up the segment of the parade. As the Kremlin's Spasskaya Tower sounds the chimes at 10am the parade commander orders the parade to present arms and look to the left for inspection. The Minister of Defence (usually a billet of a General of the Army) then is driven on a limousine to the center of the square to receive the parade report from the commander,
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Guard mounting


the Spasskaya Tower Clock. Every day at noon the guard of Prague Castle (seat of the President of the Czech Republic) is changed. The Prague Castle Guard is the unit that provides the sentries for the ceremony. At Amalienborg Palace, the royal residence in Copenhagen, the Royal Guard, mounted by the Kongelige Livgarde is on duty for 24 hours, and the relief takes place every day at 12 o'clock noon. The parade starts off from the barracks by Rosenborg Castle. There are three types of guard changes: The
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Valery Khalilov


band consisting of both Russian and foreign military bands. During the Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo, Khalilov would sometimes conduct all the participants as they played the final song during the closing ceremony. Khalilov was also an accomplished music composer apart from being a military conductor, and wrote many pieces for the brass band including "Adagio", "Kant", "Afghan", "Elegy", marches such as "Cadet", "Youth", "Rynda", "Ulan", as well as romances
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Order of Victory


first sketch to Stalin. The sketch of a round medallion with portraits of Lenin and Stalin was not approved by the Supreme Commander. Instead, Stalin wanted a design with the Spasskaya Tower in the centre. Kuznetsov returned four days later with several new sketches, of which Stalin chose one entitled "Victory". He asked Kuznetsov to slightly alter the design, and on the 5th of November a prototype was finally approved. The order was officially adopted on November 8, 1943, and was first awarded to Georgy Zhukov (#
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Irkutsk


traditional architecture. Numerous old wooden buildings from villages in the Angara valley, which have been flooded after the construction of the Bratsk Dam and Ust-Ilimsk Dam, have been transported to the museum and reassembled there. One of the centerpieces of the collection is a partial recreation of the 17th-century "ostrog" (fortress) of Ilimsk, which consists of the original Spasskaya Tower and the Church of Our Lady of Kazan transported from the flooded "ostrog" in the mid-1970s, to which an exact modern copy of another
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Order of Glory


class was made of silver with a gilt central medallion and the order's third class was made entirely of silver. The central medallion featured the Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin, with a red enamelled five-pointed star at its top and a red enamelled scroll at the bottom bearing the word "GLORY" (). Laurel branches on each side along the medal circumference stopped just short of the red star. The reverse had the Cyrillic inscription for "USSR" () within a ring with a raised rim. The award
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Kremlin Clock


, the chimes played the new National Anthem of Russia that had been approved in 2000. The Kremlin clock faces have a diameter of and are placed on all four sides of the Spasskaya tower. The Roman numerals are tall. The length of the hour hand is , and of the minute hand . The total weight of clock and bells is 25 tons. The mechanism is powered by 3 weights, weighing between . Accuracy is achieved by a pendulum weighing . Transfer from winter to summer time was done manually. The chimes consist
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Guard mounting


of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin the guard has now been relocated to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the gardens of the Kremlin. Since the summer of 2016 another guard mount ceremony is held daily from the iconic Spasskaya Tower. In the Republic of China (Taiwan), the changing of the guard ceremony is conducted at three locations in Taipei, namely the National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, and the National Martyrs' Shrine, where the ceremonial guards are rotated by the
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The Amur Waves International Military Bands Festival


as director of the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia, during his visit to the city in 2009 as one of the judges for the Nikolai Mikhailov Massed Bands Contest. Seeing the potential in the contest, Khalilov saw an opportunity to create a festival similar to the Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo in Moscow. The idea was endorsed by the Khabarovsk Krai government, and the Khabarovsk City Administration, and the Ministry of Culture of the Khabarovsk Krai. It was officially founded in 2012 by the Khabarovsk city administration
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Zara (Russian singer)


first time, Zara and Mireille Mathieu sang together at the musical festival of army "Spasskaya Tower" in 2016 and 2017. Also, this duet performed at the Zara's solo concert in the UNESCO headquarters in Paris December, 4 in 2017. Zara takes part annually in the International Festival of Arts Slavianski Bazaar in Vitebsk. In 2014, she received the Union State Award for "Artistic Presentation of the Idea of Friendship between the People Of Belarus and Russia". In late December 2015, the singer visited Latakia with a
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Eudoxia of Moscow


Eudoxia commissioned an icon of the Archangel Michael, which later became the patronal icon of the Kremlin’s Archangel Cathedral. In 1387, Eudoxia established the Ascension Monastery next to the Frolovskaya (Spasskaya) Tower of the Moscow Kremlin. Later in her life, Eudoxia Dmitriyevna took the veil at the Ascension Monastery under the name of Yefrosiniya (Euphrosyne) and remained there until her death in 1407. In 1393, she founded the Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos (Церковь Рождества Богородицы), the oldest surviving building in Moscow.
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French Foreign Legion Music Band (MLE)


be produced either in a Classical Musical Orchestra or in a big band formation. The Music formation is equally capable in sizing to a reduced tune of a Quintet and Octet. The Music is considered the patrimonial tune of all songs and marches of the Legion, all which are a reflection of the virtues of the Legionnaires. The Music usually tours France and produces itself in a vast array of performances and lieu, including : Hong-Kong, Mannheim, London, Florence, Halifax, Seoul, Moscow (Spasskaya Tower Military Music
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Spasskaya Tower


must be made to the Borovissky Gate. However, in that case, all traffic is routed from Vasilyevsky Spusk. Nowadays, the gate opens to receive the presidential motorcades on inauguration day, for the victory parades, and to receive the new years tree. Russia's President Vladimir Putin discussed building two monasteries and a church with the city's mayor, Sergey Sobyanin. Gromov would like to get the approval for demolition on one of the administration buildings. This administration building is not an "UNESCO World Heritage Site or an object
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Central Band of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus


The band has performed in festivals in Great Britain, Ireland, Germany, France, Poland, Sweden, and Russia. The band regularly performs in the Central Officers House in Minsk, in soldiers' and garrisons' clubs. The band has also played in the Spasskaya Tower military tattoo in 2013, 2016, and 2017. The artistic director of the band is Colonel Evgueny Dovzhik. The band is commanded by its Senior Director of Music/Chief Conductor, Colonel Serguei Kostiuchenko, since 2008. As a grouping of military bands
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Millennium celebrations


Philippine Millennium Theme Song, "Written in the Sand" at the top of the Peninsula Manila at about ten minutes to Philippine Midnight as part of the Philippine presentation in the "2000 Today" (Global Millennium Day broadcast on GMA). Moscow's government and its national government had sponsored parties across the city. They all celebrated as the Spasskaya Tower to ring in the new millennium. South Africa's Nelson Mandela lit a candle in his former cell at Robben Island at the stroke of midnight. Athens held a fireworks display
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Band of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Armenia


The band has also performed in military tattoos, such as the Spasskaya Tower military tattoo in 2017. The band performed as a guest contingent in the Liberation Day Parade in Stepanakert in 2012. In 2013, during his state visit to Armenia, the President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko praised the band, including its director Armen Poghosyan for its performance of "My Belarusy" (the Belarusian national anthem), showing a thumbs up as a sign of gratitude and telling Poghosyan: As of January 2016, the band has taken part in
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2010 Moscow Victory Day Parade


to Russia, Dame Anne Pringle and John Beyrle respectively. The list of heads of foreign states, governments and international organisations that attended the parade were: At 10:00am (MSK), the clock of Spasskaya Tower in the Moscow Kremlin rang and signalled the beginning of the parade commemorating the defeat of Nazi Germany by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the Great Patriotic War. The event then began with the display of the flag of Russia and the Victory Banner. After this, commander of the Moscow Military District Colonel General Valery
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Armen Poghosyan (military musician)


administrative positions in the band until February 16, 2009, when he became the Commander and the Senior Military Director of the band. He is commonly known for leading the band of the general staff during the parades on Republic Square in honor of the 5th, 8th, 15th, 20th, and 25th anniversaries of the Independence of Armenia, as well as the 100th anniversary of the founding of the First Armenian Republic. He also lead the band during Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo in Moscow in 2017. In 2013,
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Brentwood, Essex


13, 2018. Brentwood is also home to the Brentwood Imperial Youth Band, which perform at many events throughout the year. It is a successful band and attracts youngsters from the age of 10 from Brentwood and surrounding areas. It was the first British band to ever take part in the Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, California and the first youth band to play the International Military Music Festival "Spasskaya Tower" Tattoo on Red Square, Moscow. It meets twice a week in Warley. Among the many theatre companies in
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Marching band


Pipe Band. The country has hosted many marching band tattoos within the last 70 years, including the Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo in Moscow and the Amur Waves International Military Bands Festival in Khabarovsk. British marching bands are not uncommon in the United Kingdom and are mostly organized on a local basis. Bands such as The Chesterfield Musketeers Showband and the Hertfordshire Showband serve as carnival bands as well. The Christ's Hospital Band is one of the few collegic marching bands in the UK. There is a large parade marching scene
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Representative Music Band of the Mexican Armed Forces


2015, the band was reorganized to be truly representative of the Mexican Armed Forces by inserting personnel from the military bands of the Secretariats of the Mexican Army, Mexican Air Force and the Mexican Navy. During the summer of that year, the newly reorganized musical group participated military tattoos and festivals in Europe, such as the Saumur Military Festival in France and in the Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo in Russia. The Band Director, Agripino Centeno Blanco, has stated that the Mexican band's participation in military festivals around the
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Mireille Mathieu


2009, she has been the main guest star of the Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo, held on Moscow's Red Square. On 5 September 2013, during her concert event of the festival, she sang in a light dress under an icy rain and a gusty wind, refusing to take an offer for a coat as disrespectful to the people freezing in the stands. Russian TV's "Culture" channel praised her performance on that day as a feat. Mathieu had an active tour schedule for 2014, celebrating her
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Band of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Uzbekistan


, coming to the republic with official take part in important cultural, sports and social events such as the celebrations of Independence Day of Uzbekistan, the Day of Memory and Honours, Defender of the Motherland Day. The band has performed at Norfolk Naval Base, The Pentagon, the 13th Berlin and the 7th Cologne International Festivals of Military Bands, the Peace Horn International Music Festival in Beijing, as well as the Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival for the first time. The band also holds precedence and presides over the following affiliated military
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Victory Day Parades


Arms Academy who is a general officer. As the Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin sounds the chimes at 10am the parade commander orders the parade to present arms as the 154th PICR's 1st Honor Guard Company Colour Guard, to the melody of "The Sacred War" being played by the Massed Bands, marches into the square and past the dignitaries with guard carrying both the Flag of Russia and the Victory Banner. As the colour guards approach the grandstand, the colour officers execute eyes left and resume above face after passing by
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Alexander Grigoriev


(Spasskaya) Tower of the Moscow Kremlin (approx. 3 tons) using the remains of a shattered bell and increasing its weight from 150 to 194 poods. In 1656, Alexander Grigoriev and Feodor Motorin were sent to the Iversky Monastery in Valdai, where they would cast an 11.5-ton bell at the request of Patriarch Nikon. The bell did not survive to this day. The legend has it, however, that Alexander Grigoriev gave out the remaining bronze to his local assistants, giving birth to a tradition of making the now
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Jubilee Medal "50 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"


mm in diameter tombac circular medal. Its obverse bears the relief image of the Kremlin wall with the Spasskaya Tower and Saint Basil's Cathedral, all under fireworks. At the bottom, a relief image of the Order of the Patriotic War over a laurel wreath, the dates "1945" on the left, and "1995" on the right of the image of the Order. On the otherwise plain reverse, the relief inscription in six lines "50 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" ). AT
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Maxim Viktorov


of Fine Arts. In September 2010, within the framework of the International Military Music Festival "Spasskaya Tower" in the Alexander Hall of the Moscow Kremlin Fund conducted a concert of classical music. In 2003, the Maxim Viktorov established Moscow International Paganini Violin Competition. TV channel CNN reported from the first contest: "The Moscow Violin Competition once again had shown the world that music education in Russia - one of the best in the world." Over the years, become contestants from more than 40 countries. In 2007,
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Yerevan Drums


Yerevan Drums had a Europe tour, dedicated to Yerevan’s 2800th Anniversary and the 100th Anniversary of the First Republic of Armenia. The Yerevan Drums demonstrated marches and performances in Brussels (Belgium), Paris, Lyon nad Vienne (France), Milan (Italy). In 2014 and 2017, the Yerevan Drums performed together with the Band of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Armenia at Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo in Moscow. From April 19–25, 2015, the group took part in an international percussion festival
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Spasskaya Tower


road beside the GUM department store. All other traffic was routed through the Borovitsky gate. Various cathedrals were demolished throughout the years to make room for other government buildings. It was not until 1955 during the rule of Nikita Khrushchev that the Kremlin was reopened to foreign visitors; the Kremlin was turned into a museum in 1961 and added to the World Heritage List in 1990. The daughter of Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin is the current director of the Kremlin Museums, Elena Gagarina. There are many cathedrals inside the Kremlin walls, and
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Valery Khalilov


tattoos "The Kremlin Zorya", and "Spasskaya Tower". He toured with the leading bands of the Russian Armed Forces in Austria, Sweden, United States, Germany, Hungary, North Korea, Mongolia, Poland, Finland, France, Switzerland, and Belgium. In April 2016, Khalilov became the artistic director of the Alexandrov Ensemble, known worldwide as the Red Army Choir. Khalilov retired from the Moscow Garrison Orchestra on 22 August 2016, and conducted Russian civil war song White Army, Black Baron on the Red
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Stern


called for "fashioning" the after part of the ship. This frame is designed to support the various beams that make up the stern. In 1817 the British naval architect Sir Robert Seppings first introduced the concept of the round or "circular" stern. The square stern had been an easy target for enemy cannon, and could not support the weight of heavy stern chase guns. But Seppings' design left the rudder head exposed, and was regarded by many as simply ugly—no American warships were designed with such sterns
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Theophilus P. Chandler Jr.


Theophilus Parsons Chandler Jr. (Sep 7, 1845– August 16, 1928) was an American architect of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He spent his career at Philadelphia, and is best remembered for his churches and country houses. He founded the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania (1890), and served as its first head. Born in Boston on 7 Sep 1845, the son of Theophilus Parsons Chandler and his wife Elizabeth J Schlatter, Chandler was educated at Harvard University and in the atelier of
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Moscow Military Music College


a regular participant in the Spasskaya Tower military tattoo festival since 2006. Its mission is to train young boys inclined to serve the Army and Air Force as bandsmen, conductors and band drum majors. Just in time for its 80th anniversary the "Valery Khalilov" honorific title was bestowed on December 26, 2016 by no less than the Minister of Defense General of the Army Sergei Shoygu - a day after the tragic crash that killed Khalilov and 91 others off Sochi while the Alexandrov Ensemble was on its way to perform for Russian troops
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Tri-Services Band


in the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo and the Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo in 2017. The first Indian Air Force band was formed at Jalahalli in 1944 as the RIAF Central Band. It gave its first performance in Ambala on February 13, 1946. Since then, six regional bands were also formed: Musicians are required to read and write in English and have a height of 167 cm. Musicians also have to be aged between 17–22 years old. The band performs a number of slow and quick marches such as:
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Slovene Military Orchestra


band sometimes cooperates with the Protocol Unit of the SV. An example of this relationship was seen publicly in Moscow in 2013, during the Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo which took place that year. Each year, the band plans concerts on national holidays (Slovenian Armed Forces Day, Statehood Day, Independence and Unity Day, Sovereignty Day Christmas and New Year's Eve for example.) The SAF Band has several different ensembles. It is composed of 58 personnel, 48 of which are actual musicians while the other 10
816273
Radio Educación


. When Gustavo Díaz Ordaz became president, he named Agustín Yáñez as head of the SEP. During this time period, a 500-watt transmitter was acquired and installed. In the second half of September 1967, Radio Educación returned to the air on 1060 kHz, but the tests did not last long because of transmitter faults. It was not until 1968 that the facility was rebuilt with a tower, and using temporary power of 150 watts, Radio Educación returned to the air for good on November 23. The SEP asked for the
7566910
XHIMER-FM


XHIMER-FM is a radio station in Mexico City. Broadcasting on 94.5 FM from a tower on Cerro del Chiquihuite, XHIMER is owned by the Instituto Mexicano de la Radio and broadcasts a classical music format under the brand name Opus 94. In the 1970s, the Instituto Politécnico Nacional ceded its rights to 94.5 FM to the Secretariat of Public Education so the SEP could move Radio Educación (XEEP-AM) to FM. However, the money was not available for the SEP to build out the station, and so the
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Bumper (broadcasting)


Basically new year idents of Channel One are always festive. starting with 1995 when the famous things of Christmas should be shown like Santa Claus and Christmas Tree and especially Spasskaya Tower. 1996 shouldn't have a festive offering but logo is in snow. Starting with 1997, new year commercial idents are born. First of them would be the one with a snowman doing something weird. These commercial idents are ran from 24 December 1997 to 11 January 1998. Some of the most memorable new year commercial idents from Channel One we're
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Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"


worn in the presence of orders and medals of the Russian Federation, the latter have precedence. The Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" was a 32mm in diameter circular brass medal. On the obverse in the background, fireworks on both sides of the Kremlin’s Spasskaya Tower within the relief outline of a large five pointed star positioned slightly off center to the right; the star’s lower points superimposed over the relief image of laurel branches along the medal’s lower circumference going halfway up
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Battle of Kazan (1774)


his 11-year-old son Trofim, daughters Khristina and Agrafena and his brother, were imprisoned in Kazan during the rebellion. Sofia Pugacheva should confirm, that Yemelyan isn't Peter III, but a Cossack. She could visit markets to spread this information. When Pugachev's group marched they occasionally met his family. Trofim called him, but Pugachev said that he is simply a friend of this family. So, he took them to unit transport. The Kremlin surrounded, rebel cannons were installed near Spasskaya Tower and started shelling.
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Church of the Saviour, Tyumen


The Church of the Saviour, also known as the Church of the Image of "The Saviour Not Made by Hands" (, "Khram v chest' Nerukotvoryonogo Obraza Spasa") or shorter Spasskaya Church (, "Spasskaya Tserkov"), is a church in Tyumen, Tyumen Oblast, Russia, located at Lenin Street, 43, in a crossroad between the Chelyuskintsev Street. Built in a late 18th-century Siberian Baroque and early 20th-century neorussian style, the building is one of the oldest and most expressive
8411474
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
Riverfront Towers


, called the issue "unfair and unethical." The unit owners believe that they are "entitled to 302 spaces and we pay for 302 spaces for resident parking on a monthly basis." The issue ultimately went to court where a judge temporarily allowed Riverfront Towers to continue charging parking fees for all visitors, including visitors of those who own condos. Owners of the condos believe their property value will decline as a result. Owners also believe it will be harder to sell the value. Riverfront Towers had brown water in Sep.
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Outbuilding of the town estate of Savva Mamontov


The Outbuilding of the town estate of S. I. Mamontov () is a house in Moscow on the Garden Ring (Sadovaya-Spasskaya st., Building 6, Building 2). The only surviving building of the city manor. Built in the 1870s, it was built in the beginning of the 1890s under the project of the artist M. A. Vrubel, who after that lived there for some time. The building has the status of an object of cultural heritage of federal significance. The town manor on Sadovaya-Spasskaya Street
20869818
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
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Spasskaya (Saint Petersburg Metro)


Spasskaya () is the current western terminus station of the Pravoberezhnaya Line of the Saint Petersburg Metro. It is part of the first three-way transfer station that also includes Sadovaya and Sennaya Ploshchad stations. The station was originally scheduled to open in December 2008, but eventually opened on March 7, 2009 because of last-minute repairs to station's transfer escalators. , the station does not have a ground-level vestibule or a connecting escalator. Passengers have to transfer to one of the connected stations in order to exit
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Shanghai Commercial Bank


to its then headquarters building for further expansion. The purchase of CNAC building costed HK$1.388 billion for gross area of 70,00 square feet, and SCB intended to invest another 500 to 600 HKD Million to redevelop it along with the building at 12 Queen's Road Central as the new headquarters tower. The expected gross space will increase to 140,000 square feet. The new tower opened in Sep 2016 including opening of its flagship retail branch at the basement of the tower. The Shanghai Commercial Bank offers corporate and retail banking services and products including
1846735
Park Tzameret


The architects for the tower are Moore Yaski Sivan Architects. W Tower was built by the Canada Israel Group and designed by Yashar Architects. With in height (46 floors), it was the tallest all-residential tower in Israel upon its completion. The W Boutique Tower, also by the Canada Israel Group, was designed by Barely Levitzky Kassif Architects. It was completed in 2013 and includes 31 floors. Homeowners in the W Tower include former Mossad chief Meir Dagan, former generals Moshe Kaplinsky, Menachem Einan and the famous
8695406
Karel Hubáček


Karel Hubáček (; 23 February 1924 – 25 November 2011) was a Czech architect who designed the Ještěd Tower and hotel atop the Ještěd mountain near Liberec. Hubáček's best known work was the Ještěd Tower, which was constructed between 1966 and 1973. In 1969, the Ještěd Tower received the Perret Prize from the International Union of Architects. In 2000, Czech architects named Hubáček's tower most successful domestic architectural work of the 20th Century. In addition to the Ještěd Tower, Hubáček designed buildings throughout the Czech Republic. Czech architects
8578420
Expo 58


pavilion was designed by the architects Egon Eiermann and Sep Ruf. The world press called it the most polished and sophisticated pavilion of the exhibition. The pavilion of Yugoslavia was designed by the architect Vjenceslav Richter, who originally proposed to suspend the whole structure from a giant cable-stayed mast. When that proved too complicated, Richter devised a tension column consisting of six steel arches supported by a pre-stressed cable, which stood in front of the pavilion as a visual marker and symbolized Yugoslavia's six constituent republics. Filled with
18491950
Sep Ruf


1936-1938 he was ordered to build parts of the Werdenfels and the Kemmel barracks in Murnau, after the war they were used by the US army and German troops. As soon as possible he went back to the building of private houses. In 1939 Ruf had to go to war. From 1940 to 1942 he was allowed to stay at home because he worked as an independent architect with the family of Hugo Junkers. From 1934 to 1936, one year before his death, Junkers had allowed the 26-year-old architect
20990478
September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
5363349
Keal Cotes


The tall tower, with battlements, pinnacles and grotesques, carries a peal of six bells. Part of the church was rebuilt in 1866 due to the porous nature of the green sandstone that had deteriorated over two hundred years. The church tower fell down on 18 Sep 1881, but was quickly rebuilt and completed in 1884. The church clock stopped working in the 1980s and several early attempts to repair it proved to be failures. The clock was finally returned to working order just after 2001. It has been noted that if
13054942
Toa Payoh Town Park


At the heart of the garden is a 0.8 ha pond which contains a small waterfall and a cluster of artificial islands linked by bridges. Fishes and tortoises populate the pond, and the islands are arranged to provide a sequence of delightful walking experiences. The observation tower is now not open to the public and there has been no plans announced by the National Parks Board to reopen it (as of 1 Sep 2011). There is a fountain pool installed around the tower. The Toa Payoh Town Garden was partially closed in 1999
9170067
William Robert Davidge


. He entered University College in 1896, and also studied at Kings College, graduating with a degree in architecture in 1900. He married Kathleen Mary Lane and had three children, Kathleen Enid Grace Davidge (24 Sep 1910), Margaret Mary Davidge (6 June 1912), and Helen Joyce "Jane" Davidge (15 May 1919). From 1902 to 1907 Davidge was an assistant to W.E. Riley in the architect's department of the London County Council. He became an associate member of the Royal Institute of British Architects
4314999
List of Moscow Kremlin towers


is no longer there. In 1806, the tower was rebuilt in the neo-Gothic style by an architect Luigi Rusca. In 1812, the top of the tower was blown up by the retreating French army. It was restored in 1816 by an architect Osip Bove. The Nikolskaya Tower was once again severely damaged by the artillery fire in October 1917 and was later restored by an architect Nikolai Markovnikov. In 1935, the Soviets installed a red star on top of the tower. Its current height with the star is .
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