Kitti's hog-nosed bat [SEP] IUCN conservation status
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Kitti's hog-nosed bat


zoologist Kitti Thonglongya. Thonglongya worked with a British partner, John E. Hill, in classifying bats of Thailand; after Thonglongya died suddenly in February 1974, Hill formally described the species, giving it the binomial name "Craseonycteris thonglongyai" in honour of his colleague. As of the species' most recent review in 2008, Kitti's hog-nosed bat is listed by the IUCN as vulnerable, with a downward population trend. Soon after the bat's discovery in the 1970s, some roosting sites became disturbed as a result of
19660468
Kitti's hog-nosed bat


of 100 individuals per cave. The bat feeds during short activity periods in the evening and dawn, foraging around nearby forest areas for insects. Females give birth annually to a single offspring. Although the bat's status in Myanmar is not well known, the Thai population is restricted to a single province and may be at risk for extinction. Its potential threats are primarily anthropogenic, and include habitat degradation and the disturbance of roosting sites. Kitti's hog-nosed bat is about in length and in mass. hence the common
19660460
Kitti's hog-nosed bat


Kitti's hog-nosed bat ("Craseonycteris thonglongyai"), also known as the bumblebee bat, is a vulnerable species of bat and the only extant member of the family Craseonycteridae. It occurs in western Thailand and southeast Myanmar, where it occupies limestone caves along rivers. Kitti's hog-nosed bat is the smallest species of bat and arguably the world's smallest mammal. It has a reddish-brown or grey coat, with a distinctive pig-like snout. Colonies range greatly in size, with an average
19660459
Kitti's hog-nosed bat


feeding periods, the young either stays in the roost or remains attached to the mother at one of her two vestigial pubic nipples. Kitti's hog-nosed bat is the only extant species in the family Craseonycteridae, which is grouped in the superfamily Rhinolophoidea as a result of molecular testing. Based on this determination, the bat's closest relatives are members of the families Hipposideridae and Rhinopomatidae. Kitti's hog-nosed bat was unknown to the world at large prior to 1974. Its common name refers to its discoverer, Thai
19660467
Kitti's hog-nosed bat


may assist in flying and catching insects, although there are no tail bones or calcars to help control it in flight. Kitti's hog-nosed bat occupies limestone caves along rivers within dry evergreen or deciduous forests. In Thailand, Kitti's hog-nosed bat is restricted to a small region of the Tenasserim Hills in Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province, within the drainage basin of the Khwae Noi River. While Sai Yok National Park in the Dawna Hills contains much of the bat's range, some Thai populations occur outside
19660463
Kitti's hog-nosed bat


teeth are typical of an insectivorous bat. The dental formula is 1:1:1:3 in the upper jaw and 2:1:2:3 in the lower jaw, with large upper incisors. The bat's upperparts are reddish-brown or grey, while the underside is generally paler. The wings are relatively large and darker in colour, with long tips that allow the bat to hover. Despite having two caudal vertebrae, Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat has no visible tail. There is a large web of skin between the hind legs (the uropatagium) which
19660462
Kitti's hog-nosed bat


contain only 10 to 15 individuals, the average group size is 100, with a maximum of about 500. Individuals roost high on walls or roof domes, far apart from each other. Bats also undertake seasonal migration between caves. Kitti's hog-nosed bat has a brief activity period, leaving its roost for only 30 minutes in the evening and 20 minutes at dawn. These short flights are easily interrupted by heavy rain or cold temperatures. During this period, the bat forages within fields of cassava and kapok or around
19660465
Kitti's hog-nosed bat


the park and are therefore unprotected. Since the 2001 discovery of a single individual in Myanmar, at least nine separate sites have been identified in the limestone outcrops of the Dawna and Karen Hills outside the Thanlwin, Ataran, and Gyaing Rivers of Kayin and Mon States. The Thai and Myanmar populations are morphologically identical, but their echolocation calls are distinct. It is not known whether the two populations are reproductively isolated. Kitti's hog-nosed bat roosts in caves in limestone hills, far from the entrance. While many caves
19660464
Semon's leaf-nosed bat


a prey species of the ghost bat, which is known to consume other bat species in the family Hipposideridae. It is currently evaluated as least concern by the IUCN—its lowest conservation priority. However, it has a more urgent conservation status in Australia. Queensland listed it as endangered under the Nature Conservation Act 1992, while nationally it is listed as vulnerable under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Conservation and management actions recommended in Australia include preventing roost disturbance and destruction. Additionally, there is a stated need to
11898826
Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary


thibetanus"), Malayan tapir ("Tapirus indicus"), Indian elephant ("Elephas maximus indicus"), gaur ("Bos gaurus"), hog deer ("Cervus porcinus"), sambar ("Rusa unicolor"), Fea's muntjac ("Muntiacus feae") und Sumatran serow ("Capricornis sumatraensis") as well as many bat species probably including Kitti's hog-nosed bat ("Craseonycteris thonglongyai"). Thung Yai is part of the Western Forest Complex, which is the
8321699
Small woolly bat


The small woolly bat ("Kerivoula intermedia") is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is found only in Malaysia and is little known. It is only slightly larger than the Kitti's hog-nosed bat, one of the smallest mammals in the world. The small woolly bat weighs . The head-and-body length is , the tail length is and the forearm length is . The fur is orange-brown on the dorsal side, and a paler brown color on the ventral side
20328350
Bat


Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera; with their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals naturally capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more manoeuvrable than birds, flying with their very long spread-out digits covered with a thin membrane or patagium. The smallest bat, and arguably the smallest extant mammal, is Kitti's hog-nosed bat, which is in length, across the wings and in mass. The largest bats are the flying foxes and the giant golden-crowned flying fox, "
15145753
John Edwards Hill


for his work with bats; Australian mammalogist Tim Flannery referred to him as a "bat expert." He described a number of bat species, including the Kitti's hog-nosed bat. He also published major revisions of several bat genera, including "Hipposideros", "Philetor", "Laephotis", "Scotoecus", "Hesperoptenus", "Mystacina", as well as the mouse-tailed bat family, Rhinopomatidae. Altogether, Hill described 24 new species of mammal and 26 subspecies. Of that total
16920589
Calcar


a developed uropatagium, most, but not all, have a calcar. The Kitti's hog-nosed bat is the only species of bat that has an extensive uropatagium while lacking a calcar. The calcar varies widely among bats. It can be as small as , or longer than . In some species of bat, the calcar is very long and bladelike. Examples of this include species in the genera "Noctilio" and "Diclidurus". In other species, the calcar is very small or absent, such as the
15634636
Calcar


Kitti's hog-nosed bat or species in the genera "Rhinopoma", "Diaemus", "Mystacina", "Syconycteris", "Harpyionycteris", and "Notopterus". In the hairy-legged vampire bat, the calcar has a unique, finger-like form that extends approximately beyond the edge of the uropatagium. Some insectivorous species of bats have an elaborate, pronounced calcar. This form of calcar is referred to as a "keeled calcar", and it is hypothesized that it may be useful in
15634637
Bat


saved reduces their need to feed, and also decreases the duration of migration, which may prevent them from spending too much time in unfamiliar places, and decrease predation. In some species, pregnant individuals may not use torpor. The smallest bat is Kitti's hog-nosed bat ("Craseonycteris thonglongyai"), which is long with a wingspan and weighs . It is also arguably the smallest extant species of mammal, next to the Etruscan shrew. The largest bats are a few species of "Pteropus" megabats and the
15145807
Kitti's hog-nosed bat


name of "bumblebee bat". It is the smallest species of bat and may be the world's smallest mammal, depending on how size is defined. The main competitors for the title are small shrews; in particular, the Etruscan shrew may be lighter at but is longer, measuring from its head to the base of the tail. The bat has a distinctive swollen, pig-like snout with thin, vertical nostrils. Its ears are relatively large, while its eyes are small and mostly concealed by fur. Its
19660461
Kitti Thonglongya


Kitti Thonglongya (October 6, 1928 - February 12, 1974) was an eminent Thai ornithologist and mammalogist. He is probably best known for two discoveries of endangered species. Thonglongya was born in Bangkok and graduated with a degree in biology from the Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok in 1953. He then worked as a zoologist in a museum set up by the National science society and in 1956 he moved to the Thai Conservation Society. In 1965 he became the curator at the Thai National Reference Collection. The Kitti's hog-nosed
1741084
Mouse-tailed bat


they gather in small, scattered groups. Mixed groups are common but groups with only males or females also occur. They live in roosts of a thousand or more members, and have one or two young per year. They have poor flight endurance and fast fliers quickly become exhausted. They can also quickly run on the ground. They hunt small insects including beetles that have flight altitudes of five to ten meters. This family is closely related to Kitti's hog-nosed bat, complementing the Rhinopomatidae in the superfamily Rhinopomatoidea.
15882315
Kitti's hog-nosed bat


the tops of bamboo clumps and teak trees, within one kilometre of the roosting site. The wings seem to be shaped for hovering flight, and the gut contents of specimens include spiders and insects that are presumably gleaned off foliage. Nevertheless, most prey is probably caught in flight. Main staples of the bat's diet include small flies (Chloropidae, Agromyzidae, and Anthomyiidae), hymenopterans, and psocopterans. Late in the dry season (around April) of each year, females give birth to a single offspring. During
19660466
Sai Yok National Park


forest. During the Japanese occupation of Thailand, teak trees were felled for use as railway sleepers on the Burma Railway. The teak forest was replanted in 1954. Animal species include elephants, tiger, barking deer, sambar deer, wild pig, gibbon, Malayan porcupine, slow loris and serow. A species of crab—the Rachinee crab, coloured red, white and blue—was discovered in the park in 1983. Sai Yok is home to Kitti's hog-nosed bat, a rare bat species considered to be
2207291
Fawn leaf-nosed bat


flight, but turn in the other direction to receive food from their mother. The IUCN "Red List" assessed the conservation status as least concern in 2008, noting a presumably large and widespread population that is tolerant of some ecological alterations to its environment. "Hipposideros cervinus" is assumed to be vulnerable to the large scale clearing of forest in the region, although the population trend is unknown. A regional assessment of "H. cervinus" in the Australian state of Queensland listed the species as vulnerable to extinction. It was
11898663
Common tube-nosed fruit bat


New Guinea to the Indonesian territories and on the region's smaller island groups. The various forms and populations are found at all altitudes below 1,900 a. s. l.. The IUCN classifies the species by the conservation status least concern, but recognises the likelihood of separation of the species and the need for individual revision of these. Some island populations, such as those at the Kei and Moluccan Islands or the Admiralty and Bismarck groups, may be in decline due to acknowledged threatening factors in the region, although the extent of impact on
11899216
Rodrigues flying fox


a few hundred in total in the wild, and the bat is classified as endangered by the IUCN. The Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust has undertaken a successful captive breeding program, and there are now colonies in several zoos. Due to its imperiled status, it is identified by the Alliance for Zero Extinction as a species in danger of imminent extinction. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. In 2017, the IUCN determined that this species now has
11950036
Indomalayan realm


Two orders of mammals, the colugos (Dermoptera) and treeshrews (Scandentia), are endemic to the realm, as are families Craseonycteridae (Kitti's hog-nosed bat), Diatomyidae, Platacanthomyidae, Tarsiidae (tarsiers) and Hylobatidae (gibbons). Large mammals characteristic of Indomalaya include the leopard, tigers, water buffalos, Asian elephant, Indian rhinoceros, Javan rhinoceros, Malayan tapir, orangutans, and gibbons. Indomalaya has three endemic bird families, the Irenidae (fairy bluebirds), Megalaimidae and Rhabdornithidae (Philippine creepers
20896280
Fauna of Asia


treeshrews (19 species), are endemic to the Indomalaya ecozone, as are families Craseonycteridae (Kitti's hog-nosed bat), Diatomyidae, Platacanthomyidae, Tarsiidae (tarsiers) and Hylobatidae (gibbons). Large mammals characteristic of Indomalaya include the Asiatic lions, tigers, wild Asian water buffalos, Asian elephant, Indian rhinoceros, Javan rhinoceros, Malayan tapir. The other endemic Asian families include Ursidae (giant panda), Calomyscidae (mouse-like hamsters) and Ailuridae (red pandas). The Asian ungulates include bharal
11380031
Smallest organisms


Mellisuga helenae") is the world's smallest bird species and the smallest warm-blooded vertebrate. Called the "zunzún" in its native habitat on Cuba, it is lighter than a Canadian or U.S. penny. It is said that it is "more apt to be mistaken for a bee than a bird". The bee hummingbird eats half its total body mass and drinks eight times its total body mass each day. Its nest is 3 cm across. The vulnerable Kitti's hog-nosed bat ("Craseonycteris thonglongyai
17678719
Paraguana moustached bat


were elevated from a subspecies to a species in 2008. The status of the bat as a full species was affirmed by genetic sequencing. In their 2008 assessment, the IUCN listed the Paraguana moustached bat as critically endangered. The 2016 assessment, however, downlisted them to endangered. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. In 2015, Bat Conservation International began fundraising for bat detectors to better survey the critical habitat necessary for the species' survival.
4640840
Broad-striped tube-nosed fruit bat


The broad-striped tube-nosed fruit bat ("Nyctimene aello"), also known as the greater tube-nosed bat is a species of megabat in the genus "Nyctimene". It is found in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Although this species is believed to exist at low densities, the IUCN estimates its population to be stable and has no major threats to its continued existence. The IUCN classifies "Nyctimene celaeno" as a synonym of this species, however as of 2013 the ITIS lists
11899212
Hog-nosed skunk


do not hesitate to take possession of the deserted burrows of other animals, or of natural cavities among the rocks. Owing to their strictly nocturnal habits, they are generally much less frequently seen than the common skunks, even in localities where they are numerous. Sightings are recorded from brush habitat and semiopen grasslands. Habitats may also include rocky terrain and stream beds in desert-scrub and mesquite grassland. Infrequent sightings of the American hog-nosed skunks raise concerns over the conservation status. Although both the spotted skunk and common skunks
8897686
Tenasserim Hills


where a rhino was captured in 1994 The Endau-Rompin National Park in Malaysia has the largest remaining Sumatran rhinoceros population in the range. Other species include the sambar deer, barking deer, serow, red goral, leopard, Kitti's hog-nosed bat, the Tenasserim white-bellied rat and the Tenasserim lutung, as well as a number of bird species. Among the fishes in the streams and rivulets of the range the emperor loach and the Tenasserim garra deserve mention. The Tanintharyi National Park and the Tanintharyi Nature Reserve
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Kitti's hog-nosed bat


tourism, scientific collection, and even the collection and sale of individuals as souvenirs. However, these pressures may not have had a significant effect on the species as a whole, since many small colonies exist in hard-to-access locations, and only a few major caves were disturbed. Another potential risk is the activity of local monks, who have occupied roost caves during periods of meditation. Currently, the most significant and long-term threat to the Thai population could be the annual burning of forest areas, which
19660469
American hog-nosed skunk


southeastern Texas, is now considered extinct by the IUCN. Globally, this species is of low concern for conservation efforts, but at the local level, it is considered threatened in some states. In Colorado, for instance, it was ranked as "critically imperiled because of extreme rarity (five or fewer records of occurrence in the state or less than 1,000 individuals)" . In New Mexico and Oklahoma, it was ranked as "Imperiled because of rarity (six to 20 occurrences or less than 3,000 individuals)",
12403835
List of mammals of South America


listings in the articles for mammalian genera, especially those of small mammals such as rodents or bats. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature; those on the left are used here, those in the second column in some other articles: The IUCN status of all listed species except bats was last updated between March and June 2009; bats were updated in September 2009. The infraclass Metatheria includes all living and extinct marsupials, but also includes some related
18762223
Little brown bat


IUCN, a dramatic change from 2008 when it was designated as the lowest conservation priority, least concern. Until recently, the species was regarded as one of the most common bats in North America. However, a serious threat to the species has emerged in the form of a fungus-caused disease known as white-nose syndrome. It was one of the first bat species documented with the disease, which now affects at least seven hibernating bat species in the United States and Canada. From 2006 to 2011, over one
477837
Florida bonneted bat


In 2008, the International Union for Conservation of Nature listed the bat as a Critically Endangered species. In 2016, the IUCN revised its assessment of the bonneted bat as Vulnerable, as there is no estimate on population size, and therefore it does not meet the "Endangered" requirement of fewer than 2,500 mature individuals. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission classifies it as an endangered species. Its NatureServe conservation status is critically imperiled. It is also a federally listed species of the United States, as of October 2013.
5684268
Molina's hog-nosed skunk


hog-nosed skunk, is different than most mammals in that their teeth are adapted to their omnivorous diet with grinding being the main function of the carnassial apparatus. The skunk is listed as “least concerned” according to the IUCN Redlist. The main threats of the skunk are increased habitat destruction and fragmentation from over exploitation of humans and grazing of agriculture. The skunk is also affected by the planning of new roads and road-kills. Due to improper planning, habitat destruction, and fragmentation, the skunk has started living
11780938
Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat


Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat ("Sturnira sorianoi"), is an extant species of leaf-nosed bat indigenous to Bolivia and Venezuela, although its precise distribution is uncertain. Following the postulation of the species in 2005, "S. sorianoi" requires contemporary information relating its distribution, environment, and population, along with formal a comparison with "S. erythromos" and "S. bogotensis". Without sufficient data, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently considers the taxonomy for "S. sorianoi" as
17307660
Pygmy hog


century. However, this captivity was not aimed at conservation, and none of the captive populations survived. Zürich Zoo exhibited pygmy hogs from 1976 to 1978, but all females died. The success of captive breeding dramatically increased after the Pygmy Hog Conservation Programme (PHCP) was established in 1995. The PHCP was established under the umbrella of a formal 'International Conservation Management and Research Agreement' by the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, the IUCN's Pigs, Peccaries and Hippo Specialist Group, the Forest Department, Government of Assam,
1077560
List of mammals of Spain


are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. If the IUCN status of a species in Spain only is different from its global status, the status in Spain is shown next between brackets: Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories: Elephant shrews are small insectivorous mammals native to Africa and members of the superorder Afrotheria. Their name derives from their elongated noses resembling the
21719885
Common vampire bat


highly polygynous, and dominant adult males defend groups of females. It is one of the most social of bat species with a number of cooperative behaviors such as social grooming and food sharing. Because it feeds on livestock and is a carrier of rabies, the common vampire bat is considered a pest. Its conservation status is categorized as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) because of "its wide distribution, presumed large population tolerance of a degree of habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to
13689134
Recife broad-nosed bat


The Recife broad-nosed bat, "Platyrrhinus recifinus", is a species of bat from South America. It is named for the city of Recife in Brazil, where it was first recorded by Oldfield Thomas in 1901. Previously considered "Vulnerable", the Recife broad-nosed bat was re-classified as of "Least Concern" by the IUCN in 2008. However, it is considered an endangered species in Brazil, where it is threatened with habitat loss. It has no recognised subspecies. The Recife broad-
4707406
Phou Khao Khouay leaf-nosed bat


The Phou Khao Khouay leaf-nosed bat ("Hipposideros khaokhouayensis") is a species of bat endemic to Laos. It was described as a new species in 2006. It is considered vulnerable to extinction by the IUCN. The Phou Khao Khouay leaf-nosed bat was described as a new species in 2006, based on specimens collected in central Laos in 1997 and 1998. The authors of the 2006 paper placed it in the "bicolor" species group of the genus "Hipposideros". Its species name ""khaokhouayensis
13393938
Orbiculus leaf-nosed bat


a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List because of its small extent of occurrence and continuing decline of the extent and quality of its habitat, as well as its population. From 2008–2015, it was listed as an endangered species. The reevaluation from endangered to vulnerable occurred because its extent of occurrence was recalculated to ; this is no longer under the threshold of required to qualify as endangered under the IUCN's criteria. The orbiculus leaf-nosed bat is a terrestrial species that prefers lowland rainforests, and its habitat is degrading due
19289520
Great evening bat


the top and grayish on the bottom. Average wingspan is and it typically weighs . Not much is known about its habits and behavior. The bat usually lives in small groups. Its food consists of insects, as with most vesper bats. The great evening bat also sometimes feeds on small birds . The bat leaves its sleeping place already in the late afternoon for the search of food. During the winter months it may migrate to warmer regions. The IUCN lists its conservation status as "Least Concern". One of the
21760451
Southern forest bat


Australian bats reported this highly energetic species, along with wattled bats "Chalinolobus morio" and "Chalinolobus gouldii", had the greatest manoeuvrability. They occur in colonies of up to one hundred individuals, and recorded in association with "Chalinolobus morio", lesser long-eared "Nyctophilus geoffroyi" and south-eastern freetail bat. A single birth occurs after a three month gestation period. The conservation status, as "Eptisicus regulus", was assessed in IUCN 2003 red list as 'lower concern', and in 2008
20329512
Eastern small-footed myotis


percent decline in eastern small-footed bats from white nosed syndrome alone. Due to their dependency on rare ecological features where they nest they are at particularly high risk from mining, quarrying, oil and gas drilling and other mineral extraction, as well as logging, highway construction, wind energy and other forms of agricultural industrial and residential development. The eastern small-footed myotis is listed as endangered by the IUCN, and many states in which the bat resides have begun listing it has a threatened species and have begun conservation efforts
20329189
Malayan tailless leaf-nosed bat


The Malayan tailless leaf-nosed bat ("Coelops robinsoni") is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is a very small bat which has long and soft fur. The fur coloration is brown to blackish on the dorsal surface and ashy on the ventral surface. It can be distinguished from the other roundleaf bats by its small size and the absence of the tail. It is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN (Heaney, 2008) In Thailand, this species is known to form small colonies inhabiting caves
11898358
Eastern tube-nosed bat


bat was noted by Ronald Strahan as the only vernacular for the species, where the range of species was thought to be restricted, the name eastern tube-nosed bat was later applied by the Australian Museum, Menckhurst, the IUCN and other authorities. A species of Pteropodidae, the fruit eating bats, the only "Nyctimene" bat to occur on mainland Australia. They are readily distinguished by the unusual nostrils that protrude from the short, broad and rounded muzzle. The ears and wing membranes exhibit many small contrasting spots of
8088679
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada


in Canada) and 15 wildlife species that are Extinct (X). The other category is not at risk (NAR). COSEWIC provides online updated status reports on designated species. COSEWIC bases its quantitative criteria for species' status assessment on the revised IUCN Red List, the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. COSEWIC provides International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's main authority on the conservation status of species, with a Regional Red List. IUCN.
2828846
List of mammals of Central America


the species listings in the articles for mammalian genera, especially those of small mammals such as rodents or bats. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature; those on the left are used here, those in the second column in some other articles: The IUCN status of the listed species was last updated between November 2008 and March 2009. Marsupials are an infraclass of pouched mammals that was once more widely distributed. Today they are found primarily in isolated
18231315
Núi Chúa National Park


", Pygmy Loris "Nycticebus pygmaeus", Asian Black Bear "Ursus thibetanus", Sun Bear (U. malayanus), Large-antlered Muntjac "Muntiacus vuquangensis" and Siamese Fireback "Lophura diardi". It is reported to have the highest known population of Black-shanked Douc in Vietnam. In the park, there are 12 species of bats, including Lesser short-nosed fruit bat" listed in the IUCN Red List of Vietnam. Other bats are: "Greater short-nosed fruit bat", "Ratanaworabhan
21208232
Peleng leaf-nosed bat


the holotype was collected. The Principle of Priority, which is a rule of nomenclature, means that Shamel's species name will be retained as he wrote it, though the common name can change to reflect the accurate spelling. At times in the past, it has been considered a subspecies of the fierce roundleaf bat, "Hipposideros dinops". This bat roosts in karsts and caves in large groups ranging from hundreds to thousands of individuals. The IUCN lists the Peleng leaf-nosed bat as near threatened. It meets the
7344934
New Zealand greater short-tailed bat


was not considered a priority for conservation effort and is believed to have subsequently become extinct, last seen in 1965. More recently, eyewitness reports of bats from Taukihepa/Big South Cape Island and nearby Putauhina Island have spurred new searches for this species. In 1999 an expedition to the islands recorded unusual “mystacinid-like” echolocation calls on Putauhina Island but no bats were seen or caught on this or a subsequent expedition in 2009. As a result of this evidence the IUCN status of the species, formerly listed as extinct
4599532
Northern leaf-nosed bat


the north-western range "H. stenotis" also occurs at offshore islands at the Buccaneer Archipelago. They are known to occupy sandstone caves or piles of boulders, abandoned mines have also provided roosts for the species. Foraging is in woodlands and rainforest habitat, and across open hilly plains dominated by spinifex. It is currently evaluated as least concern by the IUCN—its lowest conservation priority. It meets the designation for this category because it has a large geographic range and it is not likely to be in rapid population decline.
11898834
Wildlife of China


it is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as least concern. Another Class I protected deer is the Thorold's or white-lipped deer. This large deer with a population of about 15,000 that is endemic to Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Tibet and Yunnan, is considered vulnerable by the IUCN. The Chinese population of Eld's deer, a Class I protected species that is also considered endangered by IUCN, is found only on the island of Hainan. For decades, the Indochinese hog deer
11088231
Megadermatidae


Thongaree’s disc-nosed bat, "Eudiscoderma thongareeae", was not included in this analysis, as it was not described as a new species until 2015. Megadermatidae is a relatively old family, appearing in the fossil record as early as 37 million years ago. Several fossil species have been described, including: All Megadermatidae species are evaluated as least concern by the IUCN with the exception of the ghost bat, which is vulnerable, and Thongaree’s disc-nosed bat, which is critically endangered. A list of extant
1737194
Thongaree’s disc-nosed bat


Thongaree’s disc-nosed bat ("Eudiscoderma thongareeae") is a critically endangered species of bat found in Thailand. It is the only member of the genus Eudiscoderma. It has been observed eating beetles. All known individuals have come Thailand in the Bala Forest of Narathiwat Province. This species is currently evaluated as critically endangered by the IUCN. It is critically endangered because its extent of occurrence is less than , it is only known at a single location, there is a projected decline in its habitat quality, and its
5941713
Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat


Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat ("Lonchorhina marinkellei") is a bat species from South America. It is found in Colombia. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. Its species name "marinkellei" was chosen to honor the Dutch scientist Cornelis Johannes Marinkelle, who worked in Colombia. It is the largest of the sword-nosed bats. Their forearms are greater than . Their skulls are long. They weigh . Their hair is long
4706987
Hog-nosed skunk


The hog-nosed skunks belong to the genus Conepatus and are members of the family Mephitidae (skunks). They are native to the Americas. They have white backs and tails and black underparts. Recent work has concluded that the western hog-nosed skunk or common hog-nosed skunk (formerly "Conepatus mesoleucus") is the same species as the American hog-nosed skunk, and that "Conepatus leuconotus" is the correct name of the merged populations. The individual hog-nosed skunk species vary in size,
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Lord Howe long-eared bat


and widespread in southeast Australia and Tasmania. It is presumed extinct (EPBC Act 1999; van Dyck & Strahan, 2008), or if still extant, then critically endangered at state and international listings (Jackson & Groves, 2015; IUCN, 2008). Due to its current conservation status, the species is identified by the Alliance for Zero Extinction as in danger of imminent extinction. Actions benefiting the conservation of the species include the eradication of the owl introduced to control the rat irruption, although later surveys to locate the
20261928
Fawn leaf-nosed bat


within this hipposiderid species has been noticed but not surveyed. and it is suggested that a revision of unrecognised diversity within the species may alter the taxonomic status of the population. A common name in Australia is fawn leaf-nosed bat, and it is also referred to as the fawn roundleaf bat, fawn-colored leaf-nosed bat, fawn horseshoe-bat, fawn leaf-nosed bat and Gould's leaf-nosed bat. A subspecific arrangement citing the works of Hill and Jenkins, and later treatments published the New
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Hog-nosed skunk


is coarse and harsh, lacking the qualities which render the coats of their northern relatives so valuable. They are nocturnal. Before the merge of the American hog-nosed skunks, the eastern hog-nosed skunk, "Conepatus leuconotus" is typically larger than the western hog-nosed skunk, "Conepatus mesoleucus". Female eastern hog-nosed skunks range from 58–74 cm in length and 19–34 cm in height. They weigh between 2.0-4.0 kg. Male hog-nosed skunks range from 56–92 cm in length and 22–41
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International Union for Conservation of Nature


Unlike other environmental organisations, IUCN does not itself aim to directly mobilize the general public. Education has been part of IUCN's work program since the early days but the focus is on stakeholder involvement and strategic communication rather than mass-campaigns. IUCN runs field projects for habitat and species conservation around the world. It produces the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems which in a similar way measures risks to ecosystems. The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is a global standard to assess the conservation status
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Phou Khao Khouay leaf-nosed bat


captured at elevations ranging from above sea level. It has also been found near Vang Vieng, also in central Laos. It has been documented in both disturbed and intact evergreen forests. It is currently evaluated as vulnerable by the IUCN. It meets the criteria for this designation because its extent of occurrence is likely less than , it has been documented in only two locations, and its habitat is experiencing a decline in extent and quality. Even though it occurs in a protected conservation area in Laos, its habitat is still threatened
13393943
Choctaw hog


The Choctaw Hog is a breed of domestic pig historically used by Native Americans. They are now reduced in population to some hundred animals, most of them in the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. The American Livestock Breeds Conservancy calls the Choctaw Hog's status "critically rare" and says it "is a high conservation priority." The Choctaw Hog descends from livestock brought to the Americas by Spaniards from the 16th century onwards. The Choctaw Hog was used not only by Native Americans but also by European settlers and a succession of other
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Hog-nosed skunk


C. chinga") is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay. Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk, also known as Patagonian hog-nosed skunk ("C. humboldtii") finds its habitat in the open grassy areas in the Patagonian regions of Chile and Argentina. The western hog-nosed skunk ("C. mesoleucus") is found in, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Sierra Guadalupe, Coahuila, Colima, Honduras, Sonora, and Nicaragua. The striped hog-nosed
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Kolar leaf-nosed bat


cave in Therahalli village, but it is absent from that cave as of 2014. It has not been encountered at elevations above . The habitat surrounding its single remaining cave consists of tropical dry shrubland. It is currently evaluated as critically endangered by the IUCN. The Kolar leaf-nosed bat is found in only one cave, and its population is less than 200 individuals. Its single cave is not on protected land, and the species itself is not protected by Indian law. Its habitat is under threat due to illegal granite
11898718
Western broad-nosed bat


semi-arid adaption is the ability to tolerate high body temperatures (Bondarenco, Körtner & Geiser 2014, p. 684). Inland broad-nosed bats are a common species but are decreasing in population (Pennay & Lumsden 2008). The ‘wide distribution, large population and occurrence in a number of protected areas’ places this species within the IUCN Red List category of least concern (Pennay & Lumsden 2008). Further research is needed to identify the specific threats to this species (Pennay & Lumsden 2008). Likely
20261764
Thai horseshoe bat


The Thai horseshoe bat ("Rhinolophus siamensis"), sometimes called the Thai leaf-nosed bat, is a species of bat from the family Rhinolophidae. It is frequently listed as a subspecies of the Big-eared horseshoe bat, but this may be a result of the two species being taken in sympatry in Laos. It is native to China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. The species is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, as its extent of occurrence is much larger than 20,000 km²,
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Conservation biology


they sustain. Aldo Leopold was a classical thinker and writer on such conservation ethics whose philosophy, ethics and writings are still valued and revisited by modern conservation biologists. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has organized a global assortment of scientists and research stations across the planet to monitor the changing state of nature in an effort to tackle the extinction crisis. The IUCN provides annual updates on the status of species conservation through its Red List. The IUCN Red List serves as an international conservation tool to identify those
2964152
Fernandez's sword-nosed bat


Fernandez's sword-nosed bat ("Lonchorhina fernandezi") is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is the smallest species of the Lonchorhina genus. It is endemic to Venezuela. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. It is threatened by habitat loss. It derives its scientific name from a Venezuelan zoologist, Dr. Alberto Fernandez Badillo, whose research focused on vampire bats, in particular. They weigh . In addition to being
11898934
Arnhem leaf-nosed bat


The Arnhem leaf-nosed bat ("Hipposideros inornatus") is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It lives in the sandstone areas of Kakadu National Park (Northern Territory, Australia). It was described as a subspecies of the diadem leaf-nosed bat in 1970, with the trinomen of "Hipposideros diadema inornatus". Its taxonomic status has fluctuated several times since its initial description as a subspecies. Since 1970, it has been fully synonymized with the diadem leaf-nosed bat, recognized again as a
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Conservation status


use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the best known worldwide conservation status listing and ranking system. Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation. Also included are species that have gone extinct since 500 CE. When discussing the IUCN Red List, the official term "threatened" is a grouping of three categories: critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable. The Convention on
12047334
Choco broad-nosed bat


The Choco broad-nosed bat ("Platyrrhinus chocoensis") is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is native to Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador, where it is found in the Choco region lowlands. It is threatened by habitat loss. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. This species was first encountered in 1984 in Colombia. Its species name "chocoensis" is derived from the region where it was found, the
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Chao Phraya River


oscitans"), and other birds such as the wintering black kite ("Milvus migrans"). Endemic mammals that remain are the limestone rat ("Niviventer hinpoon"), Neill's long-tailed giant rat ("Leopoldamys neilli"), and the near-endemic Thailand roundleaf bat ("Hipposideros halophyllus"). The Chao Phraya basin is home to about half a dozen endemic dragonflies and damselflies. The conservation status of most of these in unclear (they are rated as data deficient by the IUCN)
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Leaf-nosed bat


to northern Argentina. The family inhabits a diverse array of environments and habitats ranging from forests to deserts. Species of New World leaf-nosed bats that make their homes in forested areas are greatly affected by agricultural intensification. Specifically, it has been found that increased agricultural activity by humans causes negative conservation effects on these habitats and as a result reduces abundance and diversity of leaf-nosed bats that live there. California leaf-nosed bats in particular are susceptible to human disruption. This species is known to create large roosts in
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Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk


Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ("Conepatus humboldtii"), also known as the Patagonian hog-nosed skunk, is a type of hog-nosed skunk indigenous to the open grassy areas in the Patagonian regions of South Argentina. It belongs to the order Carnivora and the family Mephitidae. This skunk is small and stocky, with a bare nose elongated for the purpose of finding ground beetles, grasshoppers and crickets . Its fur is brownish-red with two symmetrical stripes on either side, extending to the tail. It
11950696
Long-nosed potoroo


more frequent fires creating a sparse understorey that provides little shelter for small mammals like the potoroo. This species is listed as Least Concern according to the IUCN red list. Vulnerable in Queensland according to the Nature Conservation Act 1992 and also nationally by the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It is listed under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 as endangered in Victoria. Past conservation initiatives listed the long-nosed potoroo under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act of 1988, construction of conservation reserves at Barren Ground Nature Reserve and
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Nepenthes bicalcarata


level. The conservation status of "N. bicalcarata" is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species based on an assessment carried out in 2000. In 1997, Charles Clarke informally classified the species as Near Threatened based on the IUCN criteria. This agrees with the conservation status assigned to "N. bicalcarata" by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. The two thorns that give "N. bicalcarata" its name are unique to this species and bear some of the largest nectaries in the plant kingdom. The purpose of
21530642
Atalaya (plant)


underground woody rootstocks. In South Africa three species grow naturally. The scarcity of "A. natalensis" trees and their restricted range has received the global conservation status (IUCN) of "vulnerable D2". "A. capensis" has a global conservation status (IUCN) listing also, of "Lower Risk / conservation dependent" . In Papua New Guinea "A. papuana" grows naturally in coast monsoon dune scrub (coastal rainforests on dune soils that become seasonally dry, with deciduous trees), tropical savanna forests and in regenerating
21745346
Malayan roundleaf bat


As it was damaged, it is uncertain if the Malayan roundleaf bat is truly a distinct species. Its species name ""nequam"" is Latin for "worthless." The forearm length of the holotype was . It had a large nose-leaf of in length and in width. Its first premolar is small and its nasal septum is very thin. The Malayan roundleaf bat is only known from the type locality of Klang, Malaysia. As of 2016, it is evaluated as a data deficient species by the IUCN
15142957
Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat


bats, although they prefer the darkest parts of the cave. It has only been encountered twice, in surveys that were twenty years apart. This species is currently listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature because it is known to occur in fewer than five areas (only two areas confirmed). The two known areas are apart, and both locations are being degraded by human activities. In 2008, it was listed as endangered, but its status was reevaluated after the criteria to be considered "endangere"
4706990
World Commission on Protected Areas


The World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) is one of six commissions of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). In 1948, the IUCN established a Committee on National Parks. Two decades later the IUCN had been asked by the international community to take responsibility for preparing a world list of national parks in keeping with its role as a network to share the world’s knowledge on nature conservation, and in 1960, the IUCN raised the status of the Committee to that of a permanent Commission, with
9410113
IUCN Red List of Ecosystems


The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems (RLE) is a global framework for monitoring and documenting the status of ecosystems. It was developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as part of the growing toolkit for biodiversity risk assessment. Its main objective is to support conservation, resource use, and management decisions by evaluating all the world's ecosystems by 2025. The Red List of Ecosystem was developed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's leading authority on the subject and the same entity
4416626
Camas pocket gopher


lupines. Citing concerns of urbanization, habitat loss and active attempts at eradication, NatureServe assesses the camas pocket gophers' conservation status as vulnerable. The conservation status of the camas pocket gopher is classified as "least concern" by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Species Programme, with a stable population trend. The IUCN notes that the gopher is common in its range; studies indicate that populations can recover rapidly after traps are removed from an area, and the species may adapt well to environmental changes. The
11628281
Greater long-nosed bat


in Mexico. PCCM has been valuable in conducting censuses of the greater long-nosed bats in Cueva del Diablo. To reduce vandalism in Cueva del Diablo and promote appreciation of bats, PCCM created a series of children's books, educational activities, and TV reports. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. There is evidence that the population in the United States has increased since 1984, with the population in Arizona one hundred times greater in 2000
11898917
Bougainville monkey-faced bat


, there is no evidence of such a program existing, or plans to initiate one. The species is on the IUCN Red List as an Endangered species. It is listed as endangered because it is thought that its population has declined by at least 50% from 1997-2017. Threats to this species include habitat destruction from agriculture. It is also hunted for bushmeat. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. Efforts by Bat Conservation International to
15142978
Maclaud's horseshoe bat


Maclaud's horseshoe bat ("Rhinolophus maclaudi") is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is endemic to Guinea. Its natural habitats are moist savanna, caves, and subterranean habitats (other than caves). It is one of five African microbat species to be listed as endangered by the IUCN. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. It is threatened by habitat loss. They are a light chestnut in color. This
11950227
Eastern hognose snake


, bastard rattlesnake, black adder, black blowing viper, black hog-nosed snake, black viper snake, blauser, blower, blowing adder, blowing snake, blow(ing) viper, blow snake, buckwheat-nose snake, calico snake, checkered adder, checquered adder, chunk head, common hog-nosed snake, common spreading adder, deaf adder, eastern hognose snake, flat-head, flat-head(ed) adder, hay-nose snake, hissing adder, hissing snake, hog-nosed adder, hog-
11933544
Bat festival


importance of bats, explain the need for conservation, and give people the tools to make a positive change in their local environment. The festival includes live bat programs presented by the Organization for Bat Conservation featuring bats from around the world, including North American insect-eating bats, South American leaf-nosed bats, and giant Asian fruit bats! Events and Highlights of the Great Lakes Bat Festival include: Great Lakes Region expert presentations about the benefits of bats, bat houses, bat research, bat conservation, public health,
18265042
American hog-nosed skunk


The American hog-nosed skunk ("Conepatus leuconotus") is a species of hog-nosed skunk from Central and North America, and is one of the largest skunks in the world, growing to lengths of up to . Recent work has concluded the western hog-nosed skunk (formerly "Conepatus mesoleucus") is the same species, and "Conepatus leuconotus" is the correct name of the merged populations. In Texas, it is commonly known as the rooter skunk for its habit of rooting and overturning rocks and
12403827
IUCN Red List


The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. A series of
19930289
International Union for Conservation of Nature


its focus beyond conservation ecology and now incorporates issues related to sustainable development in its projects. Unlike many other international environmental organisations, IUCN does not itself aim to mobilize the public in support of nature conservation. It tries to influence the actions of governments, business and other stakeholders by providing information and advice, and through building partnerships. The organization is best known to the wider public for compiling and publishing the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide. IUCN has a membership of over 1400
13568847
Ecuadorian sac-winged bat


The Ecuadorian sac-winged bat ("Balantiopteryx infusca") is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the population trend is decreasing for this species, due to habitat destruction through deforestation. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. "Balantiopteryx infusca" is the sister species of "Balantiopteryx io". There are no subspecies
18424891
Eastern tube-nosed bat


on pears, bananas, pawpaw and citrus fruits. They do not appear to drink water. The species is listed with the conservation status least concern by the Queensland state government, where it is more common, and vulnerable in New South Wales. They have been identified as especially vulnerable to the hazards presented by barbed wire, an often fatal encounter for any bat species. A survey in the aftermath of a single storm event, Cyclone Larry (2006), found sixteen individuals had become entangled in barbed wire fencing at the
8088687
International Union for Conservation of Nature


governmental and non-governmental organizations. Some 16,000 scientists and experts participate in the work of IUCN commissions on a voluntary basis. It employs approximately 1000 full-time staff in more than 50 countries. Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland. IUCN has observer and consultative status at the United Nations, and plays a role in the implementation of several international conventions on nature conservation and biodiversity. It was involved in establishing the World Wide Fund for Nature and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. In the past, IUCN has been criticized
13568848
International Union for Conservation of Nature


Council of Europe. In 1961, at the request of United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the United Nations Economic and Social Council, IUCN published the first global list of national parks and protected areas which it has updated ever since. IUCN's best known publication, the Red Data Book on the conservation status of species, was first published in 1964. IUCN began to play a part in the development of international treaties and conventions, starting with the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
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Molina's hog-nosed skunk


Molina’s hog-nosed skunk ("Conepatus chinga") is similar to the common skunk with scent glands used to spray an odorous liquid to offend potential predators. They have a resistance to pit viper venom, distinct thin white markings and a pink, hog-like, fleshy nose. The Molina’s hog-nosed skunk’s native range is throughout mid to southern South America, Chile, Peru, northern Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil. The mammal is therefore associated with temperate regions and
11780936
Hog-nosed skunk


cm in height. They weigh on average between 3.0-4.5 kg. The western hog-nosed skunk ranged from 40–84 cm in length, 13–35 cm in height, and 1.1-2.7 kg. Males are larger than females and can occasionally reach 4.5 kg. The teeth are smaller in "C. mesoleucus" than in "C. leuconotus". The eastern hog-nosed skunk is found only in Southern Texas, Veracruz, Mexico, and Arizona The Molina hog-nosed skunk, also known as Andes skunk, ("
8897683