Fiji crested iguana [SEP] IUCN conservation status
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Fiji crested iguana


western Fiji. Furthermore, the Fiji crested iguanas particularly have a preference for sweet hibiscus flowers of the "Vau" tree ("Hibiscus tiliaceus"). The vau tree is one of the species of trees where they spend most of their time residing. Fiji crested iguanas do not display any major or significant seasonal shifts, sex differences, or age-class differences in their diet patterns. Moreover, scientists have observed captive hatchlings even eating insects; nonetheless, adults will not. The Fiji crested iguana, similar to all
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Fiji crested iguana


great extent and is the best remaining example of Pacific dry forest. Invasive "Leucaena" trees threaten the regeneration of native food trees for the iguanas, but the government of Fiji has taken steps to eradicate the trees. A secondary threat is introduced predators in the forms of rats, mongooses, and cats which prey on the Fiji crested iguana and its eggs. Additionally the lizard has been hunted as a food source and for the illegal animal trade. In 2002, five adult Fiji crested iguanas were stolen from the sanctuary,
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Fiji crested iguana


rain shadow forests located on certain islands in Fiji. These forests are one of the most threatened vegetation types in the Pacific. A small population of the Fiji crested iguana – fewer than 80 individuals – can be found on the small island of Macuata. The majority of this species – fewer than 4,000 individuals – is most commonly found on the island of Yadua Taba. The island is a National Trust of Fiji reserve, and is thus the only legally protected population of the Fiji crested iguana. The island is now also free
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Fiji crested iguana


the egg. After hatching, the baby iguanas obtain moisture by licking wet leaves. The Fijian name for iguana is "vokai", although some tribes call it "saumuri". Two tribes regard the iguana as their totem and as such its name is not allowed to be mentioned in the presence of women or the offender may be beaten with a stick. The majority of Fijians, however, are terrified of the crested iguana because of its behavior when threatened. The biggest threat the Fiji crested iguana faces is habitat loss
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Fiji crested iguana


other recommended actions that should be taken in order for them to survive. A major threat to the Fiji crested iguana is posed by introduced predators such as feral cats, rats, and mongooses. Physical measures should be taken to protect the iguanas from cats and mongooses, which should include removing them from the area similar to the removal of the goats. Also, the only island being monitored is Yadua Taba Island. Other islands inhabited by Fiji crested iguanas such as Macuata, Monu, and Monuriki should also be monitored. Another
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Fiji crested iguana


crest" on its back with spines as long as running from the nape of the neck to the base of its tail. When Fiji crested iguanas first hatch from their eggs they are dark green, but after several hours their skin becomes bright emerald green and narrow white bands can be seen along their body. Their eyes are reddish orange or pinkish gold in color. The Fiji crested iguana is a diurnal creature that tends to live under the shade of trees and will seek sunlight/heat on days with cool temperature. It
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Kula Eco Park


classes in which children may learn about Fiji's environment, pollution, and conservation. More than 8000 children have taken these classes. /ref In 1998, 140 flora species were cataloged in a joint project between Kula Eco Park, the National Trust of Fiji, the Zoological Parks Board of New South Wales, and the Zoo Friends of Taronga Zoo. The park has established a captive breeding program for the critically endangered Fiji crested iguana and Fiji banded iguana. In 2004, the park achieved two milestones with the world's first captive
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Monuriki


of the Fiji Islands (NTF) and funded by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF). Monuriki is one of the few places on which the endangered Fiji crested iguana, or "Brachylophus vitiensis", live. These iguanas feed on a wide range of plants and insects, and spend most of their time camouflaged in the branches of trees. Only a few thousand Fiji crested iguanas live on the three tiny islands of western Fiji: Yadua Tabu, Macuata and Monuriki. The Brachylophus vitiensis was first featured in a film
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Fiji crested iguana


The Fiji crested iguana or Fijian crested iguana ("Brachylophus vitiensis") is a critically endangered species of iguana native to some of the northwestern islands of the Fijiian archipelago, where it is found in dry forest. The discovery of "B. vitiensis" resulted from Dr. John Gibbons of the University of the South Pacific being invited to a screening of the movie "The Blue Lagoon". Part of the movie was filmed on a remote island and shots of the native wildlife, including a large colorful iguanid, were included.
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National Trust of Fiji


The National Trust of Fiji is a statutory organization in Fiji devoted to conservation of public resources. The trust was created in 1970 by the National Trust for Fiji Act. It administers parks and various historical sites. The parks are Sigatoka Sandunes National Park, Sovi Basin, JH Garrick Memorial Park, Waisali Forest Reserve, Momi Battery Historic Park, and Yaduataba Crested Iguana Sanctuary. The National Trust's primary purposes are preservation of historic and natural resources; promotion and augmentation of the amenities to those resources; conservation of flora and fauna
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Fiji crested iguana


Gibbons, who was studying the Fiji banded iguana at the time, traveled to the island and identified the lizard in the film as a distinct species new to science. The generic name, "Brachylophus", is derived from two Greek words: brachys (βραχῦς) meaning "short" and lophos (λοφος) meaning "crest" or "plume", denoting the short spiny crests along the back of this species. The specific name, "vitiensis", is a Latin adjective derived from the Latin word for Fiji
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Fiji crested iguana


, but is currently only found at elevations of 100 meters or less. The Fiji crested iguana is a large stocky lizard distinguished from the Fiji banded iguana by the presence of three narrow, cream to white colored bands on males, rather than the broader bluish bands of the latter species. These whitish bands often have chevrons of black scales close to them. "Brachylophus vitiensis" is distinguished by its larger size growing to in length and weighing as much as . It is further distinguished by the presence of a taller spiny "
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Fiji crested iguana


but Fiji Custom officers caught the smuggler before he boarded his international flight. Since this incident, tourist visits to the sanctuary have been prohibited and only researchers are permitted to visit the island. In order to protect iguanas in the sanctuary from diseases and parasites, it is not permitted to return to the island any lizard that has been removed. Due to the removal of the goats, forest area was increased by 10–20% since 1980, which means more resources for the Fiji crested iguana and a larger environment. There are many
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Brachylophus bulabula


, "B. gau". The generic name, "Brachylophus", is derived from two Greek words: brachys (βραχῦς) meaning "short" and lophos (λοφος) meaning "crest" or "plume", denoting the short spiny crests along the back of this species. The specific name, "bulabula", is a doubling of the Fijian word for "hello": "bula". The species is closely related to the Fiji banded iguana and the Fiji crested iguana. This species was described after
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Fiji crested iguana


. The species "B. vitiensis" is closely related to the Fiji banded iguana ("B. fasciatus") and "B. bulabula". The southwest Pacific iguanas of the genus "Brachylophus" and the related extinct genus "Lapitiguana" are thought to be descended from ancestral iguanas that rafted west across the Pacific Ocean from the Americas, where their closest relatives are found. "B. vitiensis" is found on the islands of Fiji, in the South Pacific. The species is restricted to tropical dry forests, specifically to the
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Fiji crested iguana


threat. In order to move from tree to tree where it usually resides, it uses the overlapping branches in order to move effectively through their environments. Their long toes and tails help them keep balance while they move through the trees. Fiji crested iguanas are predominantly herbivorous feeding on the leaves, fruits, shoots, and flowers from trees and shrubs. These iguanas eat both the new leaves and the large flowers from trees and shrubs. Hence, it is restricted and limited to tropical dry forests and similar habitats on islands in
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Fiji crested iguana


fill the hole or burrow. The eggs are white and leathery, with the average number of eggs in a clutch being four Eggs take roughly 8–9 months (October–November) to hatch and this occurs at the beginning of the wet season. A few of weeks prior to hatching, a brown oval mark arises on the surface of the egg. This oval mark identifies the spot where the baby iguana's head will pop out of the egg. Sometimes, a full day can pass before the Fiji crested iguana hatches from
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Index of Fiji-related articles


Games - Fiji at the Rugby World Cup - Fiji banded iguana - Fiji Barbarians - Fiji Bitter - Fiji Broadcasting Corporation - Fiji bush warbler - Fiji Cane Growers Association - Fiji Chess Federation - Fiji Commerce Commission - Fiji Constitutional Crisis of 1977 - Fiji Constitutional Crisis of 2009 - Fiji crested iguana - Fiji Cycling Association - Fiji Davis Cup team - Fiji Democratic Party - Fiji Fashion Week - Fiji Fed Cup team - Fiji Financial Intelligence Unit - FijiFirst - Fiji Focus - Fiji Football Association - Fiji Football Association Cup Tournament - Fiji Football
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Fiji banded iguana


" or "plume", denoting the short spiny crests along the back of this species. The specific name, "fasciatus", is a Latin word meaning "banded". This species is closely related to the Fiji crested iguana and "B. bulabula". The genus "Brachylophus" is thought to be descended from ancestors that rafted west across the Pacific Ocean from the Americas, where their closest relatives are found. It has also been suggested that they descended from a more widespread lineage of (now extinct) Old
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Fiji crested iguana


due to fires, storms, agricultural development, and competition from feral goats. Goats were introduced to Yadua Taba in 1972 and numbered over 200 by the late 1970s. The vegetation on the island during this time was severely depleted by a combination of grazing and fires used to drive goats for ease of capture. After the discovery of the Fiji crested iguana, the island was declared a sanctuary and all but a few goats were removed and fires banned. As a result, the dry forest on the island has recovered to a
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Fiji crested iguana


iguanas left in the forest remnants at Likuliku Lodge and 6 at Malolo Resort. Conservation programs initiated for the Likuliku and Malolo populations include a captive head start facility and reforestation programs led by Likuliku's environmental officer Sia Rasalato. "B. bulabula" has been found on neighbouring Mana Island and nearby Viwa Island and there likely was some degree of overlapping of the two species in this area. Hybrids of the two species have been produced in captivity. The species probably inhabited land up to 500 meters above sea level in the recent past
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Fiji banded iguana


, on the other hand, are solid green with occasional spotting or partial bands. Both sexes have a yellow underside. Fiji banded iguanas reach in length when measured from snout to tail tip and bodyweights of up to . The crests of these iguanas are very short reaching a length of . Although there appear to be slight variations between insular populations, none have been well-described. The animals from Tonga are smaller and leaner, and were previously described as "B. brevicephalus". The skin of this species is sensitive to
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Fiji banded iguana


The species is diurnal, spending their days foraging, basking and watching over their territories by day and retreating to the treetops at night. Fiji iguanas are considered a national treasure by the government of Fiji, and its likeness has been featured on postage stamps, currency, and phone book covers. This species was first described by French zoologist Alexandre Brongniart in 1800. The generic name, "Brachylophus", is derived from two Greek words: brachys (βραχύς) meaning "short" and lophos (λόφος) meaning "crest
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Crest-tailed mulgara


up to eight young in a litter. Independent young are found in spring and early summer The following are the federal, state and international listings for the crest-tailed mulgara. The mulgara was presumed extirpated in New South Wales for more than a century, but was re-discovered in 2017 in Sturt National Park north-west of Tibooburra. Under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (the EPBC Act): Listed as Vulnerable. IUCN: Listed as Near Threatened (Global Status: IUCN Red List of Threatened
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Fiji crested iguana


Vunabaka project, which in 2014 bulldozed the majority of its stronghold dry forest remnant for the construction of a resort in contravention of the Environmental Management Act of 2005 (which came into force on 1 January 2009). A small protected forestation area was created recently for the last 17 crested iguanas that survived. Juveniles have been reported on the site, indicating some degree of reproduction is ongoing. However, the outlook for this subpopulation is a matter of great concern. According to Steve Anstey of Ahura Resorts there are currently only 15
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Acklins ground iguana


other two subspecies is the scalation on its neck and head. This subspecies, like other members of "Cyclura", is sexually dimorphic; males are larger than females, and have more prominent dorsal crests as well as larger femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones. The Acklins ground iguana is endemic to three small cays in the Bahamas and is described as endangered according to the current IUCN Red List. Natural populations of Acklins ground iguanas are found only on Fish Cay and North Cay in the Acklins
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Cyclura cychlura cychlura


The Andros Island iguana or Andros iguana ("Cyclura cychlura cychlura") is an endangered subspecies of Northern Bahamian rock iguana of the genus "Cyclura" that is found on Andros Island on the western edge of Grand Bahama. Its status is Endangered, with a wild population of 3,500 animals, and it can be found on the IUCN Red List. The Andros Island iguana, "Cyclura cychlura cychlura", is endemic to the island of Andros. It is one of three subspecies of the Northern Bahamian rock iguana; the
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Fiji crested iguana


other iguanas, reproduces by laying eggs.The breeding season takes place between March and April, with courtship and mating commencing in January. They lay large white eggs, which have a leathery texture. The species is oviparous and has one of the longest incubation periods of any reptile, which can last from 189 days to nine months. Female iguanas are usually found defending the eggs and guard the nest of four to six eggs. Females dig holes on the forest floor, where three to five eggs are laid and they then
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Yadua Tabu


Yadua Tabu (pronounced ) is a volcanic islet in Fiji, an outlier to the northern island of Vanua Levu, and immediately south of the larger island Yadua. Yadua Tabu covers an area of 0.7 square kilometres and has a maximum altitude of 100 meters. Yadua Tabu is a protected sanctuary for the Fiji Crested Iguana, Brachylophus vitiensis, and also contains a strand of dry littoral forestry, almost completely lost in the rest of Fiji. Landing here is strictly prohibited. In 1979, the Fiji government protected the island when the
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Taveuni


which can be transferred to humans if bitten. In 2013, an eradication program coordinated by the Biosecurity Authority of Fiji saw a bounty placed on both adult and juvenile American iguanas as well as their eggs. Taveuni is also home to the Taveuni beetle, maroon shining parrot, Fiji goshawk, azure-crested flycatcher, Fiji white-eye, Fiji parrot finch, orange dove and the kula parrot, and the Australian magpie, introduced to control coconut pests, has proliferated on the island. The critically endangered red-throated lorikeet
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Cyclura cychlura inornata


The Allen Cays rock iguana or Allen Cays iguana ("Cyclura cychlura inornata") is an endangered subspecies of the northern Bahamian rock iguana that is found on Allen's Cay in the Bahamas. Its status is Endangered, with a wild population of 1,000 animals, and it can be found on the IUCN Red List. The Allen Cays rock iguana, "Cyclura cychlura inornata", is endemic to Leaf Cay and southwest Allen's Cay in the northern Exuma Island chain in the Bahamas. It is one of three subspecies of
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Fiji banded iguana


, mongoose, and cats which prey on the iguanas and their eggs. Additionally the iguana has been hunted as a food source and for the illegal exotic animal trade. Since 1982 the Fijian government has maintained that the entire zoo population of Fiji banded iguanas was obtained illegally or descended from smuggled animals: "Virtually all of the estimated 50–100 banded iguanas in American zoos have been obtained without the knowledge or consent of the Government of Fiji". The husbandry of Fiji banded iguanas at the San Diego Zoo has been documented as the
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Fiji crested iguana


action that should be taken is reforestation. The iguanas need more resources in order to repopulate, which means there should be more food trees that should be planted on the island for them to feed off of. However, the available data on this species is fairly limited. There is little data on “the effects of direct or indirect factors potentially responsible for causing the population crash.” Without some detailed data on that topic, “any Species Recovery Plan developed is not likely to be cost effective and may fail to achieve
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Northern Bahamian rock iguana


The northern Bahamian rock iguana ("Cyclura cychlura") is a species of lizard of the genus "Cyclura" that is found on the Andros and Exuma islands in the Bahamas. Its status on the IUCN Red List is Vulnerable, with a wild population of less than 5,000 animals. Its closest relatives are "Cyclura nubila" on Cuba, and "Cyclura lewisi" on Grand Cayman. All three apparently diverged from a common ancestor some 3 million years ago. There are three subspecies of the northern Bahamian rock iguana:
10727941
Cyclura ricordi


its research and conservation efforts with the Ricord's iguana. The zoo's Project Iguana aids the survival of West Indian iguanas and their habitats through in-site conservation, captive breeding, public education, and scientific research. The project's goals are:br - to work with the Ricord's Iguana Recovery Group to implement the ISG's Species Recovery Planbr - to conduct a census of iguanas on Isla Cabritos, Dominican Republic.br - to determine vitamin D status of captive West Indian iguanas at the Zoo before and after exposure to sunlightbr
10727992
The Blue Lagoon (1980 film)


the herpetologist John Gibbons when he watched the film and after traveling to the island where the iguanas were filmed, he described the Fiji crested iguana ("Brachylophus vitiensis") in 1981. The lagoon scenes were shot in Comino Island, Malta and Champagne Bay, Vanuatu. All of Brooke Shields' nude scenes were performed by the film's 32-year-old stunt coordinator Kathy Troutt. Shields did many of her topless scenes with her hair glued to her breasts. Atkins appeared nude (including frontal nudity) in the film.
10933116
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada


in Canada) and 15 wildlife species that are Extinct (X). The other category is not at risk (NAR). COSEWIC provides online updated status reports on designated species. COSEWIC bases its quantitative criteria for species' status assessment on the revised IUCN Red List, the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. COSEWIC provides International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's main authority on the conservation status of species, with a Regional Red List. IUCN.
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Antilles catshark


and blotches, as well as a crest of enlarge dermal denticles along the front part of its dorsal caudal fin margin. It feeds on shrimp and may have schooling habits. Reproduction is oviparous. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) does not have enough data to assess the conservation status of this species. Shark expert Stewart Springer first described the Antilles catshark as an island subspecies of "G. arae" in a 1979 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Technical Report. The type specimen was collected off Saint
20320687
Ctenosaura bakeri


, and marinas. Beach habitat is being lost as natural vegetation is removed in preparation for hotel and road construction. According to a survey conducted by the IUCN, exotic invasive plants cover the ground near the mangroves and make the area inappropriate for nesting sites. The iguana is locally hunted for meat, although efforts to educate locals have helped reduce this somewhat in recent years. In 2004, as a result of Köhler's expedition and subsequent book, "Reptiles of Central America", the Conservation Project of the Utila Iguana (
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Fiji banded iguana


The Fiji banded iguana ("Brachylophus fasciatus") is an arboreal species of lizard endemic to some of the southeastern Fijian islands. It is found in Tonga, where it was probably introduced by humans. It is one of the few species of iguanas found outside of the New World and one of the most geographically isolated members of the family "Iguanidae". Populations of these iguanas have been declining over the past century due to habitat destruction, and more significantly, the introduction of mongoose and house cats to the islands.
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Fiji banded iguana


World iguanids that diverged from their New World relatives in the Paleogene. However, no other members of the putative lineage, living or fossil, have been found outside Fiji and Tonga. The Fiji banded iguana is endemic to the Fiji Islands and is found on the islands of Wakaya, Moturiki, Beqa, Vatulele, Ono, Dravuni, Taveuni, Nggamea, Vanua, Balavu, Avea (Fiji), Vatu Vara, Lakeba, Aiwa, Oneata, Vanua Levu, Totoya, Kabara, and Fulaga. It was introduced to
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International Union for Conservation of Nature


Unlike other environmental organisations, IUCN does not itself aim to directly mobilize the general public. Education has been part of IUCN's work program since the early days but the focus is on stakeholder involvement and strategic communication rather than mass-campaigns. IUCN runs field projects for habitat and species conservation around the world. It produces the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems which in a similar way measures risks to ecosystems. The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is a global standard to assess the conservation status
13568881
Conservation biology


they sustain. Aldo Leopold was a classical thinker and writer on such conservation ethics whose philosophy, ethics and writings are still valued and revisited by modern conservation biologists. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has organized a global assortment of scientists and research stations across the planet to monitor the changing state of nature in an effort to tackle the extinction crisis. The IUCN provides annual updates on the status of species conservation through its Red List. The IUCN Red List serves as an international conservation tool to identify those
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Fiji crested iguana


of forest burning and the presence of goats, which was a major factor in the initial decline of the species. There are six other Fijian islands where evidence of the species has been recorded: Deviulau (likely extinct), Waya, Mouriki, Monu, Qalito (possibly extinct), and Malolo Levu. The critically small population on Malolo Levu seems to be an intermediate between "B. vitiensis" and "B. bulabula", possibly due to past hybridisation. The main habitat of this population has recently been reduced by the
16553674
Conservation status


use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the best known worldwide conservation status listing and ranking system. Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation. Also included are species that have gone extinct since 500 CE. When discussing the IUCN Red List, the official term "threatened" is a grouping of three categories: critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable. The Convention on
12047334
Malagasy pond heron


include features such as aerial chases, duets, and crest raising. The incubation period is similar across all the breeding ranges and lasts anywhere from 21–25 days. Normal young possess a green down which can be observed about 2 weeks after hatching, which is when they leave the nest for the first time. The conservation status of the Malagasy pond heron has changed dramatically over the last 30 years. In 1988, this species was classified as near threatened according to IUCNs red list but changes to their habitat resulted in a move to
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Smooth helmeted iguana


can change the color of its skin as a method of camouflage. As indicated by its name, the smooth helmeted iguana has a prominent crest on its head, which tapers to a saw-tooth ridge down its back. The crest is present in both males and females of the species, though the crest is larger in males. These iguanas are approximately in size when mature. They are a non-heliotherm species, meaning that they do not use the sun to increase their body temperature. Rather, they maintain their
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Fiji crested iguana


has the ability to rapidly change colour from green to black when aroused.It uses this ability when threatened by any potential predator in its surroundings. These colours will vary depending on the severity of the situation, bright green is standard, dark green would be slightly dangerous, and black would be an extreme. If its white bands or its sudden change in colour has not intimidated its predator, it will ultimately resort to an expansion of its neck, a bobbing of its head, and it will pounce itself towards the potential
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Nepenthes bicalcarata


level. The conservation status of "N. bicalcarata" is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species based on an assessment carried out in 2000. In 1997, Charles Clarke informally classified the species as Near Threatened based on the IUCN criteria. This agrees with the conservation status assigned to "N. bicalcarata" by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. The two thorns that give "N. bicalcarata" its name are unique to this species and bear some of the largest nectaries in the plant kingdom. The purpose of
21530642
Atalaya (plant)


underground woody rootstocks. In South Africa three species grow naturally. The scarcity of "A. natalensis" trees and their restricted range has received the global conservation status (IUCN) of "vulnerable D2". "A. capensis" has a global conservation status (IUCN) listing also, of "Lower Risk / conservation dependent" . In Papua New Guinea "A. papuana" grows naturally in coast monsoon dune scrub (coastal rainforests on dune soils that become seasonally dry, with deciduous trees), tropical savanna forests and in regenerating
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Fiji banded iguana


flicking the female's back, forelimbs and nuchal regions after a series of rapid head bobs. The breeding season occurs during the month of November. The Fiji banded iguana is oviparous and has a long incubation period of 160–170 days. Females guard the nest of three to six eggs, which is unusual for iguanids. Hatchlings emerge from their eggs in the rainy season and obtain moisture by licking wet leaves. The Fijian name for iguana is "vokai", although some tribes call it "saumuri". Two tribes regard the
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World Commission on Protected Areas


The World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) is one of six commissions of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). In 1948, the IUCN established a Committee on National Parks. Two decades later the IUCN had been asked by the international community to take responsibility for preparing a world list of national parks in keeping with its role as a network to share the world’s knowledge on nature conservation, and in 1960, the IUCN raised the status of the Committee to that of a permanent Commission, with
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IUCN Red List of Ecosystems


The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems (RLE) is a global framework for monitoring and documenting the status of ecosystems. It was developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as part of the growing toolkit for biodiversity risk assessment. Its main objective is to support conservation, resource use, and management decisions by evaluating all the world's ecosystems by 2025. The Red List of Ecosystem was developed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's leading authority on the subject and the same entity
4416626
Camas pocket gopher


lupines. Citing concerns of urbanization, habitat loss and active attempts at eradication, NatureServe assesses the camas pocket gophers' conservation status as vulnerable. The conservation status of the camas pocket gopher is classified as "least concern" by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Species Programme, with a stable population trend. The IUCN notes that the gopher is common in its range; studies indicate that populations can recover rapidly after traps are removed from an area, and the species may adapt well to environmental changes. The
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Acklins ground iguana


Cyclura rileyi nuchalis, commonly known as the Acklins ground iguana or Watling Island iguana, is an endangered subspecies of lizard of the genus "Cyclura" it is one of three subspecific forms of "Cyclura rileyi" in the family Iguanidae. The Acklins ground iguana is a recognized subspecies of the San Salvador Rock Iguana, recognized as such since 1975. The species is listed as endangered according to the current IUCN Red List. Its specific name, "rileyi", is a Latinized form of the name of American biologist, Joseph
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IUCN Red List


The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. A series of
19930289
Brachylophus bulabula


a mitochondrial DNA analysis of 61 iguanas from 13 islands showed that "B. bulabula" was genetically and physically different from the two other species. All species in this genus are thought to have evolved from ancestors that rafted west across the Pacific Ocean from the Americas, where their closest relatives are found. It has also been suggested that the genus evolved from iguanas that crossed, in part over dry land bridges, to Fiji from Southeast Asia. Fiji iguanas are herbivorous; they feed on the leaves, fruit, and flowers of
10573192
International Union for Conservation of Nature


its focus beyond conservation ecology and now incorporates issues related to sustainable development in its projects. Unlike many other international environmental organisations, IUCN does not itself aim to mobilize the public in support of nature conservation. It tries to influence the actions of governments, business and other stakeholders by providing information and advice, and through building partnerships. The organization is best known to the wider public for compiling and publishing the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide. IUCN has a membership of over 1400
13568847
Green iguana


and resumed their normal activities. This occurred again in January 2010 and January 2018 after a prolonged cold front once again hit southern Florida. The green iguana is listed within Appendix II by CITES, indicating that it is beneficial to regulate trade of this species to ensure that the species does not become threatened. In addition, the green iguana is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, with a mention of habitat depletion from development being a possible concern for green iguana populations in the future. Historically, green iguana meat and eggs
1248982
International Union for Conservation of Nature


governmental and non-governmental organizations. Some 16,000 scientists and experts participate in the work of IUCN commissions on a voluntary basis. It employs approximately 1000 full-time staff in more than 50 countries. Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland. IUCN has observer and consultative status at the United Nations, and plays a role in the implementation of several international conventions on nature conservation and biodiversity. It was involved in establishing the World Wide Fund for Nature and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. In the past, IUCN has been criticized
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International Union for Conservation of Nature


Council of Europe. In 1961, at the request of United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the United Nations Economic and Social Council, IUCN published the first global list of national parks and protected areas which it has updated ever since. IUCN's best known publication, the Red Data Book on the conservation status of species, was first published in 1964. IUCN began to play a part in the development of international treaties and conventions, starting with the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
13568854
Marine iguana


the cool water because of their body size and are more efficient swimmers. Under the tropical sun, overheating can also be a problem. To avoid this, they pant, and adopt a posture where they face the sun and lift their body up, thereby exposing as little as possible of their body to direct sun and allowing cooling air to pass underneath. The marine iguana has a relatively small range and is currently considered vulnerable by the IUCN. Most subpopulations have the same IUCN rating, but those of San Cristóbal, Santiago
6142971
Lesser Antillean iguana


IUCN Red List. The Lesser Antillean iguana is legally protected from hunting throughout its range, but enforcement of these regulations is extremely difficult and therefore limited. Other threats include habitat loss to agriculture and development and the introduction of feral predators such as dogs, cats, and mongooses. The species' greatest threat is from its own relative. The green iguana has been introduced to the Lesser Antilles as an invasive species and directly competes with the Lesser Antillean iguana for food and resources. In addition, the green iguana has been interbreeding
11292773
Uracentron flaviceps


and body movements to warn away other males who may try to infringe on their territory. These displays are also used to attract a potential mate. Like most reptiles tropical thornytail iguanas are oviparous and lay clutches of eggs. For this species clutches are usually 2 eggs per female, and clutches smaller than 2 eggs are very rare. The eggs are laid in nests deep within the holes of trees inhabited by a group of tropical thornytail iguanas. The conservation status of the tropical thornytail iguana is currently uncertain, but it is thought
3759059
Jamaican iguana


invertebrates live on. The Jamaican iguana was believed to be extinct dating to 1948. After its rediscovery in 1990, a study showed only that there were only 50 survivors of the "rarest lizard in the world". The IUCN lists it as a Critically Endangered Species. The single direct cause for the Jamaican iguana's decline can be attributed to the introduction of the small Asian mongoose ("Herpestes javanicus") as a form of snake-control. The mongoose came to rely upon hatchling iguanas as a prime source of
12881621
Nepenthes spathulata


. It is somewhat reminiscent of the highland heath forests around Bareo in Sarawak, Borneo. Due to the patchy distribution of "N. spathulata", its conservation status is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, Charles Clarke suggests a revised status of Conservation Dependent based on the IUCN criteria. The closest relative of "N. spathulata" appears to be "N. singalana". It differs from this species in having a peristome that is contracted towards the front and very wide at the sides.
21531150
Regional Red List


A Regional Red List (RRL) is a report of the threatened status of species within a certain country or region. It is based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, an inventory of the conservation status of species on a global scale. Regional Red Lists assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit and therefore may feed directly into national and regional planning. This project is coordinated by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and partners in national governments
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Indian crested porcupine


maturity around 2 years of age. The Indian crested porcupine is usually monogamous, and both parents live in the den with their offspring throughout the year. Due to its adaptability to a wide range of habitats and food types, the Indian crested porcupine is listed by the IUCN as Least Concern as of 2008. Populations are stable and not severely fragmented, and while population status varies across its range, in many places it is common enough to be considered a pest. However, as a result of urbanization, infrastructure development,
20012464
Cyclura cychlura figginsi


The Exuma Island iguana ("Cyclura cychlura figginsi") is a critically endangered subspecies of northern Bahamian rock iguana that is found on the Exuma island chain in the Bahamas with a wild population of 1,300 animals, it is listed on the IUCN Red List. The Exuma Island iguana, "Cyclura cychlura figginsi", is endemic to the Exuma Cays, it is a subspecies of the northern Bahamian rock iguana ("Cyclura cychlura"). Its subspecific name is a Latinized version of American biologist J.D. Figgins' last name.
20481290
Mona ground iguana


for food and overbrowsing by goats also leads to loss of protective cover from birds of prey such as the osprey and predation of juveniles by feral cats. A headstarting program was put into place by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources with cooperation from the IUCN Iguana Specialist Group, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Toledo Zoo, and the University of Puerto Rico in 1999 to aid in the recovery of the Mona ground iguana. From within the safety of this program, the iguanas are reared until they are
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Green iguana


of Puerto Rico proposed that the islands' iguanas, which were said to have a population of 4 million and considered to be a non-native nuisance, be eradicated and sold for meat. The green iguana is present as an invasive species on some of the islands of Fiji, where it is known as the American iguana. They pose a threat to the native iguanas through the potential spread of disease and to humans by spreading salmonella. They were initially brought to Qamea in 2000 by an American who wanted them to eat
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Fiji banded iguana


iguana as their totem and as such its name is not allowed to be mentioned in the presence of women or the offender may be beaten with a stick. The majority of Fijians, however, are terrified of iguanas because of their behavior when threatened. On such occasions, an iguana turns black, opens its mouth and lunges at attackers. The biggest threats this iguana faces is habitat loss due to fires, storms, agricultural development, and competition from feral goats. A secondary threat is introduced predators in the forms of rats
20209345
Ctenosaura bakeri


. Males have a small dewlap and a dorsal crest made up of 56 large dorsal spines, making the animal sexually dimorphic. This dorsal crest consists of white and black spines arranged in alternating groups of two or three of the same color. Like most iguanids, "Ctenosaura bakeri" is primarily herbivorous, eating flowers, leaves, stems, and fruit, but they will opportunistically eat smaller animals, eggs, and arthropods that inhabit the mangroves. It has been observed eating smaller green iguanas ("Iguana iguana") and
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Regional Red List


, universities and organizations throughout the world. Regional Red Lists may assist countries or regions in: The IUCN Categories and Criteria were initially designed to assess the conservation status of species globally, however there was a demand for guidelines to apply the system at the regional level. In 2003, IUCN developed a set of transparent, quantitative criteria to assess the conservation status of species at the regional and national level. This approach is now being applied in many countries throughout the world. Recently, Regional Red Lists have been completed for Mongolian
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Endangered species


An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct in the near future. Endangered (EN), as categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, is the second most severe conservation status for wild populations in the IUCN's schema after  (CR). In 2012, the IUCN Red List featured 3,079 animal and 2,655 plant species as endangered (EN) worldwide. The figures for 1998 were, respectively, 1,102 and 1,197. Many nations have laws that
3812127
List of critically endangered mammals


a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN. While the category of "data deficient" indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed." This is a complete list of critically endangered mammalian species and subspecies evaluated by the IUCN.
3524211
Blue iguana


, with hundreds more being raised in captivity on Grand Cayman. In late 2012, the blue iguana Recovery Program estimated that the wild population had risen to approximately 750 individuals, and the IUCN subsequently downlisted the species from critically endangered to endangered. Habitat destruction is the main factor threatening imminent extinction for this iguana. Land clearance within remnant habitat is occurring for agriculture, road construction, and real estate development and speculation. The conversion of traditional crop lands to cattle pasture is eliminating secondary blue iguana habitat. Predation and injury to hatchlings
12340259
List of critically endangered arthropods


As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 394 critically endangered arthropod species, including 86 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 4.1% of all evaluated arthropod species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists three arthropod subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of arthropods have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 2875 arthropod species (30% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
18760593
List of critically endangered molluscs


As of September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 581 critically endangered mollusc species, including 117 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 8.0% of all evaluated mollusc species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists 11 mollusc subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of molluscs have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 1988 mollusc species (27% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
2441326
List of critically endangered insects


As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 195 critically endangered insect species, including 46 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 3.2% of all evaluated insect species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists two insect subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of insects have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 1702 insect species (28% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
2441517
List of critically endangered invertebrates


As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 987 critically endangered invertebrate species, including 206 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 5.5% of all evaluated invertebrate species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists 14 invertebrate subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of invertebrates have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 5278 invertebrate species (29% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
2770395
Cyclura nubila


listed as "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List, as is the predominant Cuban subspecies, while the Cayman Island subspecies is "critically endangered". The total population in Cuba is estimated at between 40,000 and 60,000 individuals, and the feral population on Isla Magueyes is estimated at over 1,000. According to Allison Alberts, Chief Conservation Officer of the San Diego Zoo and lead researcher in Cuba, among the many wildlife species at GTMO, "The Cuban Iguana is one of the largest, undoubtedly the most visible, and certainly
10727965
International Union for Conservation of Nature


1974) and its formal standing and influence increased. A grant from the Ford Foundation in 1969 enabled it to boost its secretariat and expand operations. During the 1960s, IUCN lobbied the UN General Assembly to create a new status for NGOs. Resolution 1296, adopted in 1968, granted 'consultative' status to NGOs. IUCN itself was eventually accredited with six UN organizations. IUCN was one of the few environmental organisations formally involved in the preparations of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm, 1972). The
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Kelvin Powrie Conservation Park


covered an area of . In 1992, the conservation park was described as follows: As of 1992, visitor facilities consisted of a “parking area and picnic site” catering “mainly for short stops by people travelling along the Dukes Highway” and a walking track that “leads from the parking area In a north west direction to the crest of a dune which affords a view of the heath association In the north” of the conservation park. The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category III protected area. In 1980
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Livingstone National Park


species conservation Act 1995). Along with international recognition under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2004). Identifying the habitat of, and monitoring its condition, is an important conservation action in the National recovery plan for the Swift Parrot. The protection status of Livingstone National Park means management is consistent with and intends to deliver the actions in recovery plans for conserving the Swift Parrots overwintering ground, when it leaves breeding grounds in Tasmania and disperses widely over the mainland, from
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Green iguana in captivity


they have acclimated to their new habitat, as well as brief but constant interaction with their owner. Fiji banded iguanas are a better iguanid option for less-experienced pet owners because they are smaller and less aggressive; however, they still need specialist care. Healthy pet iguanas are very observant, confident, and curious. Iguanas can be "potty-trained" to go outside (when it is warm), go in a specific location (as on newspaper) or in a tub of warm water (and even on
15874283
Pethia cumingii


and Flora of Sri Lanka, IUCN Sri Lanka. IUCN, (2000); The 1999 list of threatened fauna and flora of Sri Lanka, IUCN Sri Lanka. IUCN, (2000); The Fauna of Sri Lanka Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation, IUCN Sri Lanka. Perera, N., (2002); Preliminary Survey of Upper Attanagalu River basin in South West Ichthyological Zone of Sri Lanka, SRI LANKA NATURALIST, JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY AND NATURE, Young Zoologist’s Association of Sri Lanka. Pethiyagoda, R.
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Fiji banded iguana


them with open mouths. They often expand and flare their dewlaps to increase the size of their profile, following up with violent battles amongst each other. Fiji banded iguanas are herbivorous,they feed on the leaves, fruit, and flowers of trees and shrubs, particularly hibiscus flowers of the "Vau" tree ("Hibiscus tiliaceus") and fruit such as banana and papaya. Captive hatchlings have been observed eating insects; however, adults usually will not. Courtship is similar to other iguanids, with males approaching and tongue
20209343
Frederick Yeh


sea turtle conservation efforts in Hawaii. According to the global authority on nature conservation, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the sea turtles of the Hawaiian Islands were also once under the threat of near extinction, but are now thriving and their conservation status reclassified as "Least Concern" according to the IUCN Red List. Thus, Yeh established Sea Turtles 911 under Hawaiian jurisdiction, and changed the course of his life by moving to China to save the sea turtles he had hopelessly witnessed being sold, earning
8188720
American crocodile


their own independent lives. Most of them will not survive, being preyed upon by several types of raptorial birds and larger fishes (e.g., barred catfish, Atlantic tarpons, common snook and lemon sharks, boa constrictors, black spiny-tailed iguanas and spectacled caimans). Those that do survive grow rapidly, feeding on insects, fish and frogs. Additionally, some young American crocodiles feed on each other. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the species as vulnerable, but it has not been assessed
12063460
Rodrigues flying fox


a few hundred in total in the wild, and the bat is classified as endangered by the IUCN. The Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust has undertaken a successful captive breeding program, and there are now colonies in several zoos. Due to its imperiled status, it is identified by the Alliance for Zero Extinction as a species in danger of imminent extinction. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. In 2017, the IUCN determined that this species now has
11950036
Whale conservation


the North Atlantic Ocean around Greenland, Iceland, and Norway. There is no information about fin whales in areas outside of the Northern Atlantic, where they still hold the status of being endangered. A complete list of whale conservation statuses as listed by the IUCN is given below. Note that, in the case of the blue and gray whales, the IUCN distinguishes the statuses of various populations. These populations, while not regarded as separate species, are considered sufficiently important in terms of conservation. *Atlantic population of gray whale
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Cyclura cychlura inornata


the Northern Bahamian rock iguana, the others being the Andros Island iguana ("Cyclura cychlura cychlura") and the Exuma Island iguana ("Cyclura cychlura figginsi"). The Allen Cays rock iguana is a large rock iguana which attains a total length of close to 1.5 meters. Its coloration is dark-gray to black, with yellowish green or orange tinged scales on the legs, dorsal crest, and the head. When the animal matures, the yellow coloration changes to a bright reddish orange color in contrast to the
8015974
Plains rat


' by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the IUCN conservation status for the species is 'vulnerable'. The name "Pseudomys" comes from the combined form of the Greek word "pseudes" (meaning "false") and the Latin word "mys" (meaning "mouse"), presumably because of the plains rat's puzzling similarities and differences to "true mice" in the genus "mus". The name "australis" comes from the Latin word "australis" (
21672382
Fiji banded iguana


the Tonga Islands, New Hebrides, and Wallis and Futuna 300 years ago. It has been introduced to Vanuatu as a feral animal in the 1960s. The current wild population is less than 10,000 individuals in 29 distinct subpopulations. Fiji banded iguanas inhabit most of the undisturbed habitats on these islands, from high cloud forests to low-lying coastal swamps. Sexually dimorphic, males have two or three white or pale-blue bands wide crossing their emerald green background with a pattern of spots and stripes on the nuchal region. Females
20209340
Stenogomphurus consanguis


Stenogomphurus consanguis, the Cherokee clubtail, is a species of clubtail dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is endemic to the southeastern United States, found in small rivers and streams. The IUCN conservation status of "Stenogomphurus consanguis" is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018. The species had a Red List assessment of "rare" from 1986 to 1994, "vulnerable" in 1996, and "endangered" in 2007. There are
16664674
Phanogomphus sandrius


Phanogomphus sandrius, the Tennessee clubtail, is a species of clubtail dragonflies in the family Gomphidae. It is found in the United States, in nine locations of central Tennessee. The IUCN conservation status of "Phanogomphus sandrius" is "VU", vulnerable. The species faces a high risk of endangerment in the medium term, with a decreasing population. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018. "Phanogomphus sandrius" was assessed as "endangered" in 1996 and "vulnerable" in 2007. "Phanogomphus sandrius" was recently
16664709
Gomphurus septima


Gomphurus septima, or Septima's clubtail, is a species of clubtail dragonflies in the family Gomphidae. The IUCN conservation status of "Gomphurus septima" is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2018. "Gomphurus septima" was recently considered a member of the genus "Gomphus", but in 2017 it became a member of the genus "Gomphurus" when "Gomphurus" was elevated from subgenus to genus rank.
16664710
Cyclura nubila caymanensis


Lesser Caymans iguana is critically endangered according to the current IUCN Red List endangered species. The subspecies is vital to its native ecosystem as a seed disperser for native vegetation, and its extinction could have serious consequences as many of Little Cayman's and Cayman Brac's plants are not found elsewhere. Habitat destruction is the main factor threatening the future of this iguana. The iguanas nest in the sand of beaches that are a prime real-estate location on Little Cayman. Predation and injury to hatchlings by rats, to hatchlings and sub
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Regional Red List


this regional network there will be opportunities to learn from each other’s experiences in applying the IUCN Categories and Criteria and in using this information for conservation planning and priority setting. Two public bodies in Britain, Natural England and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC), have produced British Red Data Books and other reviews of different plants and animals assigning their conservation status according to IUCN Red Data Book criteria. In 2016 the JNCC produced a spreadsheet which incorporated these reviews and lists of threatened species based on other crieteria such as Biodiversity
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