Beijing National Stadium [SEP] architect
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Beijing National Stadium


Beijing National Stadium, officially the National Stadium (), also known as the Bird's Nest (), is a stadium in Beijing. The stadium was jointly designed by architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron of Herzog & de Meuron, project architect Stefan Marbach, artist Ai Weiwei, and CADG, which was led by chief architect Li Xinggang. The stadium was designed for use throughout the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics and will be used again in the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics. The Bird's Nest sometimes has some
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Beijing National Stadium


approved as the top design by a professional panel and later exhibited to the public. Once again, it was selected as the top design. The "nest scheme" design became official in April 2003. Beijing National Stadium (BNS) was a joint venture among architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron of Herzog & de Meuron, project architect Stefan Marbach, artist Ai Weiwei, and CADG, which was led by chief architect Li Xinggang. During their first meeting in 2003, at Basel, the group decided to do something
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Contemporary architecture


in contemporary architecture are the stadiums for the Olympic Games, whose architects are chosen by highly publicized international competitions. The Beijing National Stadium, built for the 2008 Games and popularly known as the Bird's Nest because of its intricate exterior framework, was designed by the Swiss firm of Herzog & de Meuron, with Chinese architect Li Xinggang. It was designed to seat 91,000 spectators, and when constructed had a retractable roof, since removed. Like many contemporary buildings, it is actually two structures; a concrete bowl in which the
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2008 Summer Olympics


public exhibition. The selection of the design became official in April 2003. Construction of the stadium was a joint venture among the original designers, project architect Stefan Marbach, artist Ai Weiwei, and a group of CADG architects led by Li Xinggang. Its $423 million cost was funded by the state-owned corporate conglomerate CITIC and the Beijing State-Owned Assets Management Company. The 2008 Beijing Olympics caused traditional Hutong neighborhoods to be cleared for the construction of modern Olympic stadiums. In an effort to ensure success for the games
1393072
Chambers Fine Art


district of Beijing. In 2008, an additional storage and exhibition space known as "ArtFarm" was opened on a rural piece of private land in Salt Point, New York. Both of these buildings were designed by the Swiss architectural firm, HHF Architects, in conjunction with renowned Chinese artist and architect, Ai Weiwei, who is widely known for collaborating on the design of the "Bird's Nest" stadium built for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. In 2009, HHF Architects received the "best architects 10" gold prize for
16555684
Digital Beijing Building


Beijing National Stadium, or Birds' Nest, is to the east of the Aquatics Center. East of the building is the Beijing National Indoor Stadium, where gymnastics and several other events were held. Another important Olympic venue, the China National Convention Center, takes up several blocks to the northeast. Directly to the south are several blocks of lightly planted open space buffering the Aquatics Center from Beichen West. On the north a parking lot separates Digital Beijing from National Stadium Road and the InterContinental Beichen Beijing Hotel high-rise on
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Ai Weiwei


Ai Weiwei (, ; born 28 August 1957 in Beijing) is a Chinese contemporary artist and activist. His father's (Ai Qing) original surname was written Jiang (). Ai collaborated with architects Herzog & de Meuron as consultant on the Beijing National Stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics. As an activist, he has been openly critical of the Chinese Government's stance on democracy and human rights. He investigated government corruption and cover-ups, in particular the Sichuan schools corruption scandal following the collapse of "tofu-
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2008 Summer Olympics


". Its budget has since been exceeded by the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, which suffered from major cost overruns, causing the budget to exceed US$51 billion. Canadian Solar Constructed the 2000m Landscape Avenue Project for the Beijing Olympic Games Stadium in 2008. By May 2007 the construction of all 31 Beijing-based Olympic Games venues had begun. The Chinese government renovated and constructed six venues outside Beijing as well as 59 training centres. The largest structures built were the Beijing National Stadium, Beijing National Indoor Stadium, Beijing
1393068
World Architecture Survey


The World Architecture Survey was conducted in 2010 by "Vanity Fair", to determine the most important works of contemporary architecture. 52 leading architects, teachers, and critics, including several Pritzker Prize winners and deans of major architecture schools were asked for their opinion. The survey asked two questions: While the range of responses was very broad, more than half of the experts surveyed named the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao by Frank Gehry as one of the most important works since 1980. The Beijing National Stadium (Bird’s Nest stadium)
4588298
National Tennis Center, Beijing


The National Tennis Center (), is a tennis centre located in the Olympic Green. It opened on 1 October 2007. It hosted the tennis preliminaries and finals of singles and doubles for men and women at the Beijing 2008 Olympics as well as the Paralympic wheelchair tennis competitions. In 2009, it became the home of China Open. The Center is located in Beijing, just from the Beijing National Stadium (a.k.a. The Birds Nest Stadium). The tennis centre covers an area of with a floor space of . The
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Beijing National Stadium


a ceremony on 28 June 2008. The eastern and western stands of Beijing National Stadium are higher than northern and southern stands, in order to improve sightlines. A 24-hour-per-day rainwater collector is located near the stadium; after water is purified, it is used throughout and around the stadium. Pipes placed under the playing surface gather heat in the winter to warm the stadium and coldness in the summer to cool the stadium. The stadium's design originally called for a capacity of 100,000 people; however 9,000 were removed
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Beijing Gymnasium


Beijing Gymnasium is an indoor arena located in Dongcheng District, Beijing, which consists of a main competition hall, a practice hall, and a swimming pool. Built in 1954 with the aid of Soviet architects, it is the first multi-purpose indoor stadium built after the founding of People's Republic of China. It was the venue for badminton competition of 1990 Asian Games. Beijing Gymnasium is used for meeting foreign dignitaries before the construction of Great Hall of the People. It is reported that He Long has his office here
2539834
Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics


At the 2008 Summer Olympics, three different gymnastics disciplines were contested: artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and trampoline. The artistic gymnastics events were held at the Beijing National Indoor Stadium on August 9–19. The rhythmic gymnastics events were held at the Beijing University of Technology Gymnasium on August 21–24. The trampoline events were also held at the Beijing National Indoor Stadium on August 16–19. The traditional Gymnastics Champions Gala took place on August 20 at the National Indoor Stadium. Participants are mainly selected from the 2008 Olympic trampoline and artistic gymnastics, as
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Beijing National Indoor Stadium


The National Indoor Stadium (official name) (), is an indoor stadium that is located in the Olympic Green in Beijing, China. The stadium was constructed for the 2008 Summer Olympics. It is nicknamed "the Fan" (扇子, "shànzi") due to its design resembling a traditional Chinese folding fan. It is also used for basketball. The stadium opened its doors on November 26, 2007 for the artistic Gymnastics test event. At the 2008 Olympics, it hosted the Artistic Gymnastics, Trampolining, and
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Beijing National Stadium


place at the Beijing National Stadium. On 29 July 2017, the stadium hosted Monster Jam and Stadium Super Trucks racing, marking the first Chinese race for both racing series. Chinese driver Li Ya Tao was among the ten drivers competing in the Stadium Super Truck race. On 4 November 2017, the stadium hosted the League of Legends World Championship 2017 Finals. Jackie Chan was the first artist to hold a pop concert at the stadium on 2 April 2009. American-Chinese pop star Leehom Wang held the first solo pop concert
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2017 Orlando City SC season


finals and the final of the 2017 NCAA Women's College Cup slated for November–December at the venue. The NWSL announced on August 17 that the Game of the Week on Lifetime for Saturday, Sep 23 at 3:30 pm. ET will now feature the Orlando Pride vs. Portland Thorns FC at Orlando City Stadium. Due to Hurricane Irma, Orlando Pride's match against Seattle Reign FC, originally scheduled for Saturday, Sep 9, was played Thursday, Sep 7, at 8 p.m. at Orlando City Stadium. With a loss
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Beijing Design Week


initiative of the Ministry of Education of the PRC, the Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC, the Ministry of Culture of the PRC, and the People’s Government of Beijing Municipality. It is undertaken by Beijing Gehua Cultural Development Group and Beijing Industrial Design Center. Beijing Design Week 2014 is scheduled to run from 26th Sep – 3rd Oct. The opening ceremony and the Beijing Design Awards mark the beginning of Beijing Design Week. The Design Awards honor organizations, individuals or pieces that excel in encouraging social progress, cultural development
21289177
China national football team


permanent home stadium. Workers' Stadium, opened in 1959, located in the Chaoyang District in north-eastern Beijing, is the most renowned one. Its capacity is 66,161, and it covers a land area of 350,000 square meters. It is used both for international matches and by the China Super League team, the Beijing Guoan, and for the national team. However, China also plays in other stadiums around the country. Tuodong Stadium on the city of Kunming has the capacity of 40,000 and was used in previous 2010
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Australia at the 2008 Summer Paralympics


“In the construction of the Olympic venues and related facilities, we will give full consideration to the special needs of the athletes and spectators with physical disabilities, to materialize the goal of "equality, participation and sharing"”. When constructing venues for both the Olympic and Paralympic, impediment free designs had to be used to enable access by able and disabled bodies. Facilities where Australian’s in competed include the Beijing National Stadium (Birds Nest), Beijing National Aquatics Centre (Water Cube), Beijing National Indoor Stadium (
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Beijing National Stadium


. Upon removal of the supporting columns used for the purpose of expediting the assembly of the interconnecting sections, the completed nest structure as a whole settled approximately 27 cm to attain full stability before the interior design and construction of the stadium could be installed and completed. Ground was broken, at the Olympic Green, for Beijing National Stadium on 24 December 2003. At its height, 17,000 construction workers worked on the stadium. Portraits of 143 migrant workers at the construction site were featured in the book Workers (Gong Ren) by
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Basel


architectural practice is in Basel, and who are best known as the architects of Tate Modern in London and the Bird's Nest in Beijing, the Olympia stadium, which was designed for use throughout the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics). The city received the Wakker Prize in 1996. Basel features a great number of heritage sites of national significance. These include the entire Old Town of Basel as well as the following buildings and collections: "Badischer Bahnhof" (German Baden's railway station) with fountain, Bank for International
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Beijing


, National Aquatics Center, also known as the "Water Cube", National Indoor Stadium, all in the Olympic Green to the north of downtown; the MasterCard Center at Wukesong west of downtown; the Workers' Stadium and Workers' Arena in Sanlitun just east of downtown and the Capital Arena in Baishiqiao, northeast of downtown. In addition, many universities in the city have their own sport facilities. Professional sports teams based in Beijing include: The Beijing Olympians of the American Basketball Association, formerly a Chinese Basketball Association team
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China Bowl (NFL)


The China Bowl was the name of a proposed National Football League (NFL) pre-season exhibition game that had been scheduled to take place in August 2007, but later postponed to 2009 and ultimately canceled, between the New England Patriots and the Seattle Seahawks at the National Stadium in Beijing. The originally scheduled China Bowl was to be played at Workers' Stadium in Beijing, China, on August 8, 2007. The game was to kick off the one-year countdown before the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, and
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Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium (Beijing)


The Olympic Sports Center Gymnasium () is an indoor arena next to the Olympic Sports Centre Stadium at the southern part of the Olympic Green in Beijing, China. It was reformed for the 2008 Summer Olympics where it hosted the handball tournaments up to and including the quarter-finals, after which they will move to the larger Beijing National Indoor Stadium. It also hosted the Wushu Tournament Beijing 2008, a separate wushu competition hosted by the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games and the International Wushu Federation, which runs parallel to
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Donbass Arena


. Arup Sport also designed the City of Manchester Stadium (Manchester, England), Allianz Arena (Munich, Germany) and the Beijing National Stadium (Beijing, China). The soaring roof effect makes the Stadium resemble a flying saucer. The stadium has an oval shape and a glazed façade and is located near Regional Sport Complex Olimpiyskiy. The roof of the stadium slopes from north to south matching the landscape and contributing to the natural lighting and airing of the pitch. The external lighting makes the Stadium shine at night.
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Tianjin TEDA F.C.


the ranks, coming within one rank of relegation in the 2018 Chinese Super League. TEDA Football Stadium () is a professional football stadium in Tianjin, China. It is the home of Tianjin Teda F.C. The stadium holds 37,450 people and was built in 2004. The stadium is located in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), and was designed by Peddle Thorp Architects, an Australian architecture firm. The Jing-Jin derby is a local rivalry between Tianjin Teda and neighboring Beijing Guoan. Both teams can trace
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Beijing National Stadium


during a simplification of the design. The new total of 91,000 was shaved further when 11,000 temporary seats were removed after the 2008 Olympics; bringing the stadium's capacity to 80,000. The farthest seat is 460 feet (140 meters) from center field. Temperature and airflow of every surface were optimized to increase ventilation. Beijing National Stadium hosted the Opening and Closing Ceremonies, athletic events, and football final of the 2008 Summer Olympics from 8 to 24 August 2008. The stadium also hosted the Opening and Closing ceremonies and athletic events
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Robert Seppings


Sir Robert Seppings, FRS (11 December 176725 April 1840) was an English naval architect. Seppings was born to Robert and Lydia Seppings at Fakenham, Norfolk, on 11 December 1767 and baptised three days later. In 1782 he was apprenticed in HMNB Devonport, Plymouth. In 1800, when he had risen to be master shipwright assistant in the yard, he invented a device which greatly reduced the time required to repair the lower portions of ships in dry dock when compared with the laborious process of lifting then in vogue.
18514390
List of National Football League games played outside the United States


on the start of the International Series, and ultimately canceled, between the New England Patriots and the Seattle Seahawks at the National Stadium in Beijing. The originally scheduled China Bowl was to be played at Workers Stadium in Beijing, China, on August 8, 2007. The game was to kick off the one-year countdown before the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, and would have been the first NFL-sanctioned game to take place in China. In March 2019, NFL was reportedly discuss at owners meetings whether it will
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National Stadium (Tanzania)


Tanzania National Main Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It opened in 2007 and was built adjacent to Uhuru Stadium, the former national stadium. It hosts major football matches such as the Tanzanian Premier League and home matches of the Tanzania national football team. With 60,000 seats it is the eleventh largest stadium in Africa and the largest stadium in Tanzania. It is owned by the Tanzanian Government. The stadium was built by Beijing Construction Engineering Group at a cost of $56 million. 70,000 people
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Beijing National Stadium


's second in three years, and also in 2012. The Beijing Guo’an football club was scheduled to play at the stadium, but later backed out of their agreement, citing the embarrassment of using an 80,000+ seat venue for games that routinely draw only slightly more than 10,000. In July 2010, the stadium hosted a friendly football match between Football League Championship team Birmingham City and Beijing Guoan as a part of Birmingham's pre-season trip to China, homeland of the club's owner Carson Yeung. Birmingham City recorded a
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Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance


, a smaller studio theatre, and a dance library. Laban Laurie Grove (New Cross) also has a number of studios and performance laboratories. Designed by Swiss architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron (who won the Pritzker Prize in 2001 and who also designed the Tate Modern and the National Stadium in Beijing for the 2008 Olympic Games), the centre's building in Deptford won the Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2003. Herzog and de Meuron collaborated with visual artist Michael Craig-Martin to create the building. The building
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Pangu Plaza


The Pangu Plaza () is a multiple building complex including the Pangu 7 Star Hotel, overlooking the busy Olympic District of Beijing, where it is neighbours with many of the 2008 Beijing Olympic venues, including the Beijing National Stadium (Bird Nest) and the Beijing National Aquatics Center (Water Cube). Also, it is close to the National Library, the fourth largest library in the world and the largest one in China. The Pangu 7 Star Hotel occupies the "First Block" of the "Pangu", and
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Beijing National Stadium


1–0 victory in the game. Arsenal and Manchester City played each other in the inaugural 'China Cup', a one-off match in Beijing's played on 27 July 2012. Manchester City won the match with a score of 2–0. The Stadium was also used for the China PR national football team international matches during the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, however Team Dragon hasn't played any matches since the opening of the stadium. On 25 July 2016 Manchester City were scheduled to meet Manchester United as part of the 2016
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Beijing


Sino-Sov" style, with structures tending to be boxy and sometimes poorly constructed, which were built between the 1950s and the 1970s. Finally, there are much more modern architectural forms, most noticeably in the area of the Beijing CBD in east Beijing such as the new CCTV Headquarters, in addition to buildings in other locations around the city such as the Beijing National Stadium and National Center for the Performing Arts. Since 2007, buildings in Beijing have received the CTBUH Skyscraper Award for best overall tall building twice, for
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Beijing Fengtai Stadium


The Beijing Fengtai Stadium (Chinese: 丰台体育场) is a multi-purpose stadium in Beijing, China. It is currently used mostly for football matches and also sometimes for athletics. The stadium is the home ground of Beijing Renhe. The stadium holds 31,043. The Fengtai Stadium was not used for football during the Beijing Olympics of 2008. The venue also hosted home games of Beijing Guoan, the third Chinese sports club with 5 million followers on Weibo after Guangzhou Evergrande and Shandong Luneng Taishan. One of those games was against the
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Beijing National Stadium


a bird's nest. Leading Chinese artist Ai Weiwei was the artistic consultant on the project. The retractable roof was later removed from the design after inspiring the stadium's most recognizable aspect. Ground was broken on 24 December 2003 and the stadium officially opened on 28 June 2008. A shopping mall and a hotel are planned to be constructed to increase use of the stadium, which has had trouble attracting events, football and otherwise, after the Olympics. In 2001, before Beijing had been awarded the games, the city held
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John Hemmingham


led the "England Band" to other sporting events. In 2008, Hemmingham took the band to Beijing, China during the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics to support Team GB however they were not permitted to enter the Beijing National Stadium with their instruments and instead played on the streets of Beijing. In 2012, during the London 2012 Summer Olympics it was announced that the "England Band" would be supporting both the Great Britain men's national field hockey team and the Great Britain women's national field hockey team during their matches at
20043967
Venues of the 2008 Summer Olympics


, six venues outside Beijing hosted events, two of which were newly built for the Olympics. Beijing won its bid to host the 2008 Olympics on 13 July 2001. The first new venues to begin construction were the Beijing National Stadium, Beijing National Aquatics Center, Beijing Shooting Range Hall, and the Laoshan Velodrome, where major work commenced in December 2003. By May 2007, construction had begun at all of the Beijing venues for the games. Approximately RMB¥13 billion (US$1.9 billion) was spent to build and renovate the
22152288
Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium


National Park Service, which owns the land. The idea of a stadium at this location originated in 1932 when the Roosevelt Memorial Association (RMA) proposed a National Stadium for the site and Allied Architects, a group of local architects organized in 1925 to secure large-scale projects from the government, made designs for it. A "National Stadium" in Washington was an idea that had been pursued since 1916, when Congressman George Hulbert of New York proposed the construction of a 50,000-seat stadium at East Potomac Park for the purpose
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2008 Summer Paralympics


time champion consecutively in the same event, lifted himself and his wheelchair up on a rope by strength of arms to the top of Beijing National Stadium, where he lit the cauldron to mark the beginning of the Games. The 2008 Summer Paralympics closing ceremony was held at the Beijing National Stadium. It began at 8:00 pm China Standard Time (UTC+8) on September 17, 2008. Twenty sports were on the program: Rowing made its first appearance in the Paralympics at these games. The following National Paralympic Committees sent delegations to
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Beijing National Aquatics Center


The Beijing National Aquatics Center (), also officially known as the National Aquatics Center, and colloquially known as the Water Cube (), is an aquatics center that was built alongside Beijing National Stadium in the Olympic Green for the swimming competitions of the 2008 Summer Olympics. Despite its nickname, the building is not an actual cube, but a cuboid (a rectangular box). Ground was broken on December 24, 2003, and the Center was completed and handed over for use on January 28, 2008. Swimmers at
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Digital Beijing Building


, "the stadium and its attendant buildings—the Aquatics Centre and Digital Beijing (the Olympics 'command post')—have set a heady precedent." He contrasted them with the tepid reaction to building designs already unveiled for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Glancey likened the four upright slabs to "upright 1960s IBM computers" and praised Zhu's "creative use of unexpected materials". Unlike most other prominent contemporary Chinese architects, Zhu had, the critic noted, enjoyed the luxury of time in his work. "The result is
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Shanghai Stadium


The Shanghai Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium in Shanghai. It is currently used mostly for football matches of Chinese Super League side Shanghai International Port Group FC. The stadium opened on 14 March 1999 when the 8th National Games of China was held in Shanghai. It seats almost 57,000. It is currently not within the list of the thirty largest football stadiums in the world, and is the third largest stadium in China after the Guangdong Olympic Stadium and the Beijing National Stadium. It was used for football preliminaries at
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Sep Ruf


Sep Ruf (full name Franz Joseph Ruf; 9 March 1908, in Munich – 29 July 1982, in Munich) was a German architect and designer, belonging to the Bauhaus group. He was one of the representatives of modern architecture in Germany after World War II. His elegant buildings received high credits in Germany and Europe and his German pavilion of the Expo 58 in Brussels, built together with Egon Eiermann, achieved worldwide recognition. He attended the Interbau 1957 in Berlin-Hansaviertel and was one of the three architects who
20990472
2009 Race of Champions


The 2009 Race of Champions was the 22nd running of the event, and took place on November 3–4, 2009 at the Beijing National Stadium in Beijing, China. It was the first time that the event took place outside of Europe and Africa. It was also the first international sports event to be held in the "Bird's Nest" stadium since the 2008 Summer Olympics. The event also moved from a weekend to a midweek slot for the first time. The RoC Nations Cup took place on Tuesday, November 3,
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Beijing National Stadium


to hide steel supports for the retractable roof, required in the bidding process, the team developed the "random-looking additional steel" to blend the supports into the rest of the stadium. Twenty-four trussed columns encase the inner bowl, each one weighing 1,000 tons. Despite the random appearance of the Stadium, each half is nearly symmetrical. After a collapse of a roof at the Charles de Gaulle Airport, Beijing reviewed all major projects. It was decided to eliminate the retractable roof, the original inspiration for the
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National Tennis Center, Beijing


Olympics. Since it started to host the China Open, the venue was renamed to National Tennis Center in 2009. All courts except for the National Tennis Stadium were opened on 1 October 2007 and were tested between 6 and 20 October 2007 in the Good Luck Beijing 2007 ITF Pro Circuit, where 36 men and 44 women competed. The Courts hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The following competitions were played: The Courts also hosted the wheelchair tennis competitions of the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing. These were played between 8
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2008 Summer Paralympics torch relay


dogged the Olympic torch’s global tour." Reuters reported simply: "China, whose Beijing Olympic torch relay was dogged by protest overseas, on Wednesday cancelled the international leg of the Paralympic torch relay, giving the devastating Sichuan earthquake as the reason." The relay started from Tiantan on August 28 and then divided to two parallel lines before coming together in Beijing: Chinese athletes with disabilities carried the torch in Beijing National Stadium during the Games' Opening Ceremony. Jin Jing carried the torch into the stadium, before it was
2195943
Stade National de la Côte d’Ivoire


Stade Olympique d'Epimbé, nicknamed "Arc de Triomphe", will be a multi-purpose stadium, which can host football, rugby and athletics, in Ebimpé and Anyama, in northern Abidjan, Ivory Coast. It will be the national stadium of the Ivory Coast national football team. The stadium will have a capacity of 60,000 and will be built by the Beijing Institute Architectural Design. While the stadium itself will cover 20 hectares, a vast Olympic village is planned around it, spanning across 287 hectares. The stadium was broke
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Beijing National Stadium


International Champions Cup. However the game was cancelled due to heavy rain soaking the pitch, poor pitch conditions due to fungus and the pitch being relaid with turf. On 22 July 2017, Arsenal and Chelsea played against each other in a friendly match. The stadium hosted the 2009 Race of Champions motor racing carnival. In 2014 and 2015, the FIA Formula E Championship motor racing series hosted the Beijing ePrix at the Beijing Olympic Park. On 1 November 2010, the IAAF announced that the 2015 World Championships in Athletics would take
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Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon


The women's marathon at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place on August 17 around an urban circuit specifically designed for the competition at Beijing, and finished in the Beijing National Stadium. The qualifying standards were 2:37.00 (A standard) and 2:42.00 (B standard). There were a total number of 82 competitors from 42 nations. The winner was Constantina Diṭă-Tomescu of Romania who at one point took a lead of over a minute and maintained it ahead of the chasing pack all the way into the stadium. She completed the
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Beijing National Stadium


artist Helen Couchman. On 1 January 2008, "The Times" reported that 10 workers had died throughout construction; despite denial from the Chinese government. However, in a story the following week, Reuters, with the support of the Chinese government, reported that only two workers had died. All 121,000 tons of steel were made in China. On 14 May 2008 the grass field of 7,811 square meters was laid in 24 hours. The field is a modular turf system by GreenTech ITM. Beijing National Stadium officially opened at
9783166
Reading United AC


stars Ed Sep, Matt Wolf, Chris Arthur, and Drew Kauffman; Weiser stars Tom Auchenbach and Steve Thomas; and of course Fleetwood greats Keith Schlegel and former US Men's National Team member Troy Snyder. The team played at Fleetwood H.S. for two years prior to transitioning to Central Catholic Stadium in St. Lawrence, where they played for a number of years before moving to Albright College and finally at Exeter’s Don Thomas Stadium. Tragically, Archie was diagnosed with cancer and died in 2000. In recognition of Archie’s efforts
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National Assembly Building (Beijing)


The National Assembly Building is the first purpose-built meeting place of the National Assembly (國民大會, Guómín Dàhuì) of the Republic of China in Beijing. It was designed by Curt Rothkegel (1876-1946), a German architect based in Qingdao. Rothkegel had made earlier (and grander) designs for a Parliament Building commissioned by the late Qing Dynasty, whose construction was started in 1910 on the site of today's Beijing International Hotel on East Chang'an Avenue, but was left unfinished at the time of the Xinhai Revolution
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Workers (Gong Ren)


Workers () is a book of 143 portraits of migrant workers who participated in the construction of the Olympic Green in Beijing, China in the lead up to the 2008 Summer Olympics. The book is the work of British artist Helen Couchman and consists primarily of photographs of the workers on the building site. The workers were photographed with the iconic buildings of the Beijing Olympics: The Beijing National Stadium (国家体育场), known colloquially as the "Bird's Nest" (鸟巢), and the Beijing National Aquatics Center (国家游泳中心
16745861
Estonia at the 2008 Summer Olympics


Estonia competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, People's Republic of China. This is a list of the results of all Estonian athletes who qualified for the Olympics and were nominated by Estonian Olympic Committee. The Estonian delegation, the largest in the nation's Olympic history, marched into the Beijing National Olympic stadium as the 160th nation, before Haiti and after Ireland delegations during the opening ceremony. Estonia was represented in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games by 47 athletes in total of 13 different sporting events. Jüri Jaanson, who
7035119
Beijing Sinobo Guoan F.C.


to Chinese Government database, the share capital of the club had increase from to , making Sinobo Group would owned 64.00% stake with par value and undisclosed share premium. The club was also renamed to Beijing Sinobo Guoan F.C. Co., Ltd.. Three stadiums has been used as the home court of Beijing Guoan since 1994: Xiannongtan Stadium (1994–95), Worker's Stadium (1996–05, 2009–present) and Beijing Fengtai Stadium (2006–08). Beijing Guoan F.C.'s main color is green. Beijing Guoan's fiercest and oldest rivalry is
18679076
Skyline


competitively built towers. The Colosseum and 2008 Beijing Olympic Stadium give varied sport stadium skylines. Some remote locations have striking skylines, created either by nature or by sparse human settlement in an environment not conducive to housing significant populations. Norman Foster served as architect for the Gherkin in London and the Hearst Tower in Midtown Manhattan, and these buildings have to added to their cities' skylines. Albert Speer made a notable night time skyline with searchlights at Nuremberg. Skylines are sometimes used as backgrounds for movies, television shows, news websites
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Beijing Olympic Tower


block to the north is the South Gate of Forest Park Station on Line 8 of the Beijing Subway. North of it is the Olympic Forest Park, a nature preserve that extends to the city's Fifth Ring Road. To the south, after another open block, are the former Olympic sport venues such as the China National Convention Center and Beijing National Stadium, known colloquially as the Birds' Nest. The south boundary of the Olympic Green, the Fourth Ring Road, is just beyond. The five separate towers rest on
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Beijing Marathon


The Beijing Marathon () is an annual marathon race of 42.195 km held in October in Beijing, People's Republic of China. The race was first held in 1981 and has been held every year since. Beijing Marathon is the first international sport event ever to be held in China. The race is also the first marathon race to use lottery system to allocate entries and the first full marathon race only in China. The race begins at Tiananmen Square and finishes at the National Olympic Sports Centre stadium. Beijing Marathon is now
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Beijing National Stadium


shopping and entertainment complex. These plans, being developed by operator Citic Group, are projected to take three to five years to achieve. The stadium will also continue to function as a tourist attraction, while hosting sports and entertainment events. The National Stadium was intended to be a Monument of New China, expected to be visited by millions of tourists and showcased through an array of media representations. In spite of the lack of significant events, the stadium appears to be quite profitable, drawing some 20,000 to 30,000 people a day
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Cycling at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's individual road race


districts: Chongwen, Xuanwu, Dongcheng, Xicheng, Chaoyang, Haidian, Changping, and Yanqing. Landmarks such as the Temple of Heaven, the Great Hall of the People, Tiananmen Square, the Yonghe Temple, and sections of the Great Wall of China were passed as the course journeyed from urban Beijing into the countryside. It passed the architectural features of the 2008 Olympics, including the Beijing National Stadium and Beijing National Aquatics Center (known colloquially as the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube). The course ended at
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Paola Espinosa


synchronized jumps, she participated with Tatiana Ortiz, who was also an Olympic medalist. On 8 August 2008, she was the champion of the Mexican national team at the Opening ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games at the National Stadium in Beijing. She won a bronze medal in the Women's Synchronized 10-meter Platform at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing on 12 August 2008 with a score of 330.06. She won silver medal in the same event at the 2012 Summer Olympics with a score of 343.32 on Tuesday, 31 July 2012
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Beijing National Stadium


process. China National Electric Engineering Co. Ltd. CNEEC and China National Mechanical Engineering Company lifted and welded the steel structure. Due to the stadium's outward appearance, it was nicknamed "The Bird's Nest". The phrase was first used by Herzog & de Meuron, though the pair still believes "there should be many ways of perceiving a building." The use is a compliment Li explained, "In China, a bird's nest is very expensive, something you eat on special occasions." Construction of the stadium
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Olympic Stadium


Winter Olympics and one Winter YOG. Olympiahalle jointly shared the Olympic Stadium role with Bergiselschanze during the two Winter Olympics, but not during the Winter YOG. Only one stadium, the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, has been the main stadium of two Summer Olympics (and it will be a main stadium a third time during the 2028 games). In addition to the inaugural Summer Olympics, Panathinaiko Stadio was also the main stadium of the only Intercalated Games held. In 2022 Beijing National Stadium will join these in being the main stadium
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New Citizens' Movement


' Movement in eastern China, was arrested. On Sep 13, Wang Gongquan was detained by Beijing police for "disturbing order in public space". On Oct 20, he was formally charged. On January 26, 2014, the Beijing Number One Intermediate People's Court sentenced Xu Zhiyong to a four-year prison sentence. The conviction was for assembling crowds with the intent to disrupt public spaces. In April 2014, Ding Jiaxi and Li Wei, of the New Citizens' Movement, were put on trial for '
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Beijing National Stadium


proceeded in several distinct phases, the first phase involving the construction of a concrete supporting structure upon the concrete foundations laid for the construction site. This was followed by the phased installation of the curved steel frame surrounding the stadium, which is largely self-supporting. This phased installation involved the interconnection of sections of the curved steel frame that were constructed in Shanghai and transported to Beijing for assembly and welding. The entire structure of interconnected sections was welded together as the primary means of interconnection used to assemble the entire surrounding nest structure
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Beijing National Stadium


of the 2008 Summer Paralympics from 6 to 17 September 2008. Though designed for track & field events of the Olympics, the stadium continues to host sporting events, such as football, afterwards. A shopping mall and a hotel, with rooms overlooking the field, are planned to help increase use after the Olympics. Li stated, "This will become the most important public space in Beijing." Although ignored by the Chinese media, design consultant Ai Weiwei has voiced his anti-Olympics views and distanced himself from the project
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2008 Summer Olympics


were not to be added to the official medal tally since Wushu was not on the programme of the 2008 Olympic Games. The 2008 Summer Olympics Closing Ceremony concluded the Beijing Games on 24 August 2008. It began at 8:00 pm China Standard Time (UTC+8), and took place at the Beijing National Stadium. The Ceremony included handover of the Games from Beijing to London. Guo Jinlong, the Mayor of Beijing handed over the Olympic flag to the Mayor of London Boris Johnson, followed by a performance organized by the London Organising
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New National Stadium (Tokyo)


and is to be completed in November 2019. After Tokyo submitted their bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics, there was talk of possibly renovating or reconstructing the National Olympic Stadium. The stadium would host the opening and closing ceremonies as well as track and field events. It was confirmed in February 2012 that the stadium would be demolished and reconstructed, and receive a £1 billion upgrade. In November 2012, renderings of the new national stadium were revealed based on a design by architect Zaha Hadid. The stadium was demolished in 2015
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Sport in China


]. The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad (BOCOG), established at the end of 2001, set the themes for the 2008 Games as "[[Green energy|Green]] Olympics", "[[high-tech]] Olympics" and "[[Humanism|Humanistic]] Olympics". Seven venues, including the National Stadium and the National Swimming Center have ushered in a new period of contemporary [[architecture]] for Beijing. The centerpiece of the 2008 Games was "the bird
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Boris Paichadze Dinamo Arena


Boris Paichadze Dinamo Arena, formerly known as Boris Paichadze National Stadium, is a stadium in Tbilisi, Georgia, and the home stadium of Dinamo Tbilisi, Georgia national rugby union team and Georgia national football team. With a capacity of 54,549, the stadium is the largest in Georgia. Built in 1976 by the Georgian architect Gia Kurdiani, the Dinamo Arena was named Vladimir Ilyich Lenin Dinamo Stadium after Russian Communist leader but later, in 1995 was renamed to Boris Paichadze National Stadium after the famous Georgian football player Boris Paichadze. Prior
16853032
Ikada Stadium


Ikada Stadium was a multi-use stadium in Jakarta, Indonesia, designed by the pioneering, Indonesian modern architect Liem Bwan Tjie. The stadium was named as an abbreviation of "Ikatan Atletik Djakarta" (Jakarta Athletic Bond). It was initially used as the stadium of Indonesia national football team matches as well as the 1951 Indonesian National Games. The capacity of the stadium was 30,000 spectators. It was Jakarta's largest stadium before it was replaced with Gelora Bung Karno in 1962. The stadium was demolished in 1963 to make
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Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway


Gorges dam, and 120 times the amount of steel in the Beijing National Stadium. There are 244 bridges and 22 tunnels built to standardized designs, and the route is monitored by 321 seismic, 167 windspeed and 50 rainfall sensors. Tickets were put on sale at 09:00 on June 24, 2011, and sold out within an hour. To compete with the new train service, airlines slashed the cost of flights between Beijing and Shanghai by up to 65%. Economy air fares between Beijing and Shanghai fell by 52%.
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London Stadium


of the running track. The stadium design received a mixed response from the media, with reviews ranging from "magnificent" to a "bowl of blancmange". The design was promoted as example of "sustainable development", but some architecture critics have questioned both its aesthetic value and suitability as a national icon – especially when compared with Beijing National Stadium. For example, Ellis Woodman, "Building Design"s architecture critic, said of the design: "The principle of it being dismountable is most welcome... it demonstrates an obvious
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Aruba at the 2008 Summer Olympics


, and the Aruban national anthem "Aruba Dushi Tera" was performed. The Aruban delegation and the governing body of the Olympic Village exchanged gifts. Aruba's athletes were 109th to enter the Beijing National Stadium during the march of nations of the opening ceremony. Fiderd Vis, the only judoka representing Aruba, was the flagbearer. During the closing ceremony, the swimmer Jan Roodzant was the flagbearer. Fiderd Vis was the only Aruban participating as a judoka in the Beijing Olympics. He was trained by Alberto Thiel. To train for
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Guangdong Olympic Stadium


until a decision was made to construct the National Stadium in Beijing. The original design for the Guangdong Olympic Stadium was announced in 1999. Taking Guangzhou's nickname, the "Flower City", the American architectural firm of Ellerbe Becket designed Guangdong Olympic Stadium's sunscreen roof to resemble layers of petals on a flower. The design firm stated in its press release: "The stadium bowl grows out of the ground to a sculpted upper edge, like the petals of a flower. Floating above the bowl is a shimmering ribbon of
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Stern


called for "fashioning" the after part of the ship. This frame is designed to support the various beams that make up the stern. In 1817 the British naval architect Sir Robert Seppings first introduced the concept of the round or "circular" stern. The square stern had been an easy target for enemy cannon, and could not support the weight of heavy stern chase guns. But Seppings' design left the rudder head exposed, and was regarded by many as simply ugly—no American warships were designed with such sterns
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National Stadium (Tokyo)


by architect Kengo Kuma was chosen in December 2015 to replace the original design and is to be completed in November 2019. The stadium was completed in 1958 as the Japanese National Stadium on the site of the former Meiji Shrine Outer Park Stadium. Its first major event was the 1958 Asian Games. The venue was unscathed by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. Yasuhiro Nakamori, international relations director for the Japanese Olympic Committee, told Around the Rings he attributed the lack of damage to Japan's stringent building codes. The National Stadium
11824391
Beijing Subway


. Construction began on July 1, 1965, at a ceremony attended by national leaders including Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping, and mayor Peng Zhen. The most controversial outcome of the initial subway line was the demolition of the Beijing's historic inner city wall to make way for the subway. Construction plans for the subway from Fuxingmen to the Beijing Railway Station called for the removal of the wall, as well as the gates and archery towers at Hepingmen, Qianmen, and Chongwenmen. Leading architect Liang Sicheng argued for protecting the wall
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Race of Champions


from 1992 to 2003. More recently, the event has been held in major sporting stadia, including the Stade de France in Paris, Wembley Stadium in London, the Beijing National Stadium, Düsseldorf's ESPRIT arena and the Rajamangala Stadium in Bangkok. In 2014, the event was held at the Bushy Park circuit in Barbados. The 2015 event took place in November at the 2012 Olympic Stadium in London. The 2017 ROC took place in January at Marlins Park in Miami. The 2018 event took place at King Fahd International Stadium
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Theophilus P. Chandler Jr.


Theophilus Parsons Chandler Jr. (Sep 7, 1845– August 16, 1928) was an American architect of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He spent his career at Philadelphia, and is best remembered for his churches and country houses. He founded the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania (1890), and served as its first head. Born in Boston on 7 Sep 1845, the son of Theophilus Parsons Chandler and his wife Elizabeth J Schlatter, Chandler was educated at Harvard University and in the atelier of
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New National Stadium (Tokyo)


Even after design changes, the stadium was estimated to cost over 300 billion yen, more than three times the cost of the Olympic stadium in London and more than five times the cost of the Olympic stadium in Beijing. The Japanese government reached an agreement in June 2015 with Taisei Corporation and Takenaka Corporation to complete the stadium for a total cost of around 250 billion yen. The final agreed plan maintained the steel arch design while reducing the permanent capacity of the stadium to 65,000 in track mode with an additional 15,000 simple temporary seats
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Paraguay national rugby union team


- 13 Paraguay 19 AGO 1991 Chile 25 - 18 Paraguay 07 SEP 1991 Brasil 6 - 33 Paraguay 28 SEP 1991 Paraguay 10 - 37 Argentina 4th place Sudamericano 1993 5 Naciones 28 SEP 1993 Chile 24 - 25 Paraguay 02 OCT 1993 Paraguay 3 - 67 Uruguay 10 OCT 1993 Paraguay 49 - 21 Brasil 16 OCT 1993 Argentina 51 - 3 Paraguay 3rd place Sudamericano 1995 4 Naciones 22 SEP 1995 Paraguay 14 - 24 Chile 24 SEP 1995 Paraguay 9 - 103 Argentina 30 SEP 1995 Uruguay 48 - 12 Paraguay 4th place Sudamericano 1997 4
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Beijing


also hosted the inaugural National Peasants' Games in 1988 and the sixth National Minority Games in 1999. In November 2013, Beijing made a bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympics. On 31 July 2015, the International Olympic Committee awarded the 2022 Winter Olympics to the city becoming the first ever to host both Summer and Winter Olympics also for the 2022 Winter Paralympics becoming the first ever to host both Summer and Winter Paralympics. Major sporting venues in the city include the National Stadium, also known as the "Birds' Nest"
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Beijing National Stadium


at the stadium on 14 April 2012. Taiwanese band Mayday performed at the stadium for two nights from 29 to 30 April 2012. They were the first band ever to hold two-day concerts at the stadium. They came back to the stadium to hold their three sold-out shows in August 2016 and two shows of their Mayday Life Tour in August 2017. Korean pop artists under S.M. Entertainment including Kangta, BoA, TVXQ, Super Junior (Super Junior-M), Girls' Generation, SHINee, f(x)
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2008 Summer Olympics


-free zone", the equestrian events were held in Hong Kong. The centrepiece of the 2008 Summer Olympics was the Beijing National Stadium, nicknamed "The Bird's Nest" because of its nest-like skeletal structure. The stadium hosted both the opening and closing ceremonies as well as the athletics competition. Construction of the venue began on 24 December 2003. The Guangdong Olympic Stadium was originally planned, constructed, and completed in 2001 to help host the Games, but a decision was made to construct a new stadium in
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2009 National Games of China


headed the organising committee for the 2008 Beijing Olympics, stressed the role the Games played in improving the standard of sport in China, and also its importance in promoting fitness as a whole. Following this, the torch was brought into the stadium and the cauldron was lit, signalling the climax of the opening ceremony. Sequence of events: The main venues for the games are located in Jinan. The Jinan Olympic Sports Center precinct is home to the main stadium, Jinan Olympic Sports Center Stadium as well as the indoor stadium,
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Beijing National Stadium


unlike Herzog and de Meuron had traditionally designed. "China wanted to have something new for this very important stadium," Li stated. In an effort to design a stadium that was "porous" while also being "a collective building, a public vessel", the team studied Chinese ceramics. This line of thought brought the team to the "nest scheme". The stadium consists of two independent structures, standing 50 feet apart: a red concrete seating bowl and the outer steel frame around it. In an attempt
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Beijing Tigers


The Beijing Tigers () is one of the four charter teams in the China Baseball League. The Tigers played at the 5,000-capacity Beijing Fengtai Baseball Field until 2006, when the stadium was destroyed and rebuilt as the Fengtai Softball Field. Their stadium for the 2006 season was relocated to Lucheng, a rural area to the south of Beijing. The Tigers enjoy the distinction of being one of the oldest baseball teams in China, with its history spanning well before the Cultural Revolution. The Beijing Tigers are the most successful team in the
3635674
2008 Summer Olympics closing ceremony


The 2008 Summer Olympics closing ceremony was held at the Beijing National Stadium, also known as the "Bird's Nest". It was directed by Chinese filmmaker Zhang Yimou and began at 20:00 China Standard Time (UTC+8) on 24 August 2008. The number 8 is associated with prosperity and confidence in Chinese culture. The Ceremony also included the handover of the games from Beijing to London. Guo Jinlong, the Mayor of Beijing, handed over the Olympic flag to the Mayor of London, Boris Johnson. There was also a
16378265
Olympic Green


The Olympic Green () is an Olympic Park in Chaoyang District, Beijing, China constructed for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Since then, the streets around the park have been used for an exhibition street race of the FIA GT1 World Championship in 2011, after a race at Goldenport Park Circuit in the vicinity. It will again serve as an Olympic Park when Beijing hosts the 2022 Winter Olympics. The Beijing National Stadium (国家体育场) or "Bird's Nest" (鸟巢) is the centerpiece of this project. It hosted
18388315
Ma Yansong


Ma Yansong (; born in 1975 in Beijing) is a Chinese architect and founder of MAD architects. He serves as adjunct professor at School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, and the visiting professor at Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture. Ma Yansong was born in Beijing in 1975. He graduated from the Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, and holds a master's degree in Architecture from Yale University. He is currently a professor at the Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture. During his master's degree in Yale
6860098
Sami Rintala


Eggertsson, called Rintala Eggertsson Architects. In 2008 they were joined by Norwegian architect Vibeke Jenssen and became a partner in Rintala Eggertsson Architects in 2012. The office is based in both Oslo in southern Norway, and Bodø in northern Norway. Since the startup, Rintala Eggertsson Architects have manifested themselves as one of the principal architectural practices in Scandinavia. Their work has been exhibited in museums around the world, including the Victoria & Albert Museum in London, National Museum of Art in Beijing, the MAXXI museum in Rome and the Louisiana
19340270
London Stadium


the 2015 World Athletics Championships using the Olympic Stadium. It went up against Beijing's Olympic Stadium and the Polish city of Chorzów. However, the stadium had to withdraw their bid due to uncertainties arising out of the timing of the announcement of who would operate the stadium after the Olympics, thus gifting Beijing the championships. With issues resolved over the stadium's future, London again used the stadium to bid for the 2017 World Athletics Championships. The bid was made official in August with Lord Coe personally submitting the bid a few
15101373
Workers' Stadium


constructed in 1959 for the 10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China. The stadium was the main venue for the 1990 Asian Games, where the opening and closing ceremonies were held. Some high attendance matches of the Beijing Guo'an football club are held at the stadium. In 1993 the stadium was host to a slew of World Records set by the world-leading group of Chinese distance runners at the 7th Edition of the Chinese National Games, the most famous being international stars and world champions Wang Junxia and Qu Yunxia,
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Arup Group


through circular ramps outside the stadium. The most notable stadium projects led by Arup remain the City of Manchester Stadium (2002), Allianz Arena (2005), Beijing National Stadium (2008), Donbass Arena (2009) and the Singapore Sports Hub (2014). Arup's multidisciplinary sports venue design and engineering scope on the Singapore Sports Hub won the 2013 World Architecture Festival Award in the Future Projects, Leisure Category. The Casa da Música, Oporto, designed by Arup and Office for Metropolitan Architecture was nominated for the
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Beijing National Stadium


extra temporary large screens installed at the stands of the stadium. It was designed by the Basel-based architecture team Herzog & de Meuron. Located at the Olympic Green, the stadium cost US$428 million. The design was awarded to a submission from the Swiss architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron in April 2003 after a bidding process that included 13 final submissions. The design, which originated from the study of Chinese ceramics, implemented steel beams in order to hide supports for the retractable roof; giving the stadium the appearance of
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Beijing National Stadium


, EXO, Zhang Liyin, and Tasty performed at the stadium for the first time on 19 October 2013 as part of the SMTown Live World Tour III. Chinese pop and rock star Hua Chenyu was the first solo artist under 30 to hold a concert, let alone two, on September 8, 2018, to September 9, 2018. In 4th quarter of 2017, this stadium is also open for both local & international pageant events. On 12 January 2009 the venue's owners announced plans for the stadium to anchor a
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