Aeronaves Dominicanas [SEP] airline hub
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Las Américas International Airport


Aviación DC-9 that was flying to Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico, crashed, killing all 102 persons on board (see: Dominicana DC-9 air disaster). "Las Américas" was the hub for Dominicana de Aviación, APA Dominicana International, Air Santo Domingo, PAWA Dominicana, and a number of other, smaller airlines. Currently SAP Air is based there. Las Américas also has served as a hub for airlines such as Aeromar Líneas Aéreas Dominicanas, Air Santo Domingo, Aero Continente Dominicana and Queen
18916236
PAWA Dominicana


Am World Airways Dominicana was a Dominican airline based in Santo Domingo-Las Americas. It operated charter flights to several Caribbean destinations. Regular flights were scheduled to Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, Antigua, San Juan, PR, Havana, Cuba, Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in South America and the U.S. It was a Dominican airline under Part 121 operating in the Dominican Republic since May 2007. PAWA Dominicana's hub was at Santo Domingo-Las Americas Intl.Airport, where the airline operated and maintained
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Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport


, Virgin Atlantic, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Air Europa, Monarch Airlines, Thomsonfly, PAWA Dominicana, ACES Colombia, BWIA West Indies Airways, ALM Antillean Airlines, Air Jamaica, Viasa, Aeropostal, Volaris, LACSA, Aerolíneas Argentinas, Dominicana De Aviación, Wardair, ATA Airlines, Northwest Airlines, Continental Airlines, National Airlines (N8), AirTran Airways, and US Airways. With the expansion of Eastern Airlines and American Airlines facilities, turning Puerto Rico into their Caribbean hub, the historic figure of eight million passengers at
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Air Dominicana


Air Dominicana the right to operate flights to the United States. The airline was expected to begin its operations in May 2008 with a Boeing 737-300, but the launch date was postponed several times until 16 October 2009. Originally Punta Cana International Airport was supposed to be Air Dominicana's hub, but this was later switched to Las Américas International Airport in Santo Domingo. Air Dominicana was owned by Air Europa with the Dominican Government as a minority partner. Originally, Dominicana Air was also owned by Futura International Airways until the
21096365
PAWA Dominicana


using 4 MD80 aircraft. The first flight took place on August 14, 2015. As of February 2018, the airline has ceased all of it's operations. PAWA Dominicana authority included international charter services and scheduled services to Antigua, Aruba, Curaçao, Havana, San Juan and St. Maarten from Santo Domingo HUB with several flights a week on MD80 and DC9. PWD was working to consolidate flights to New York and Miami (service started Nov. 2016) and other Caribbean Islands. The company's goal was stated as "to
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Aerovias Guest


Aerovias Guest S.A. was Mexico's third airline founded after Mexicana de Aviación and Aeronaves de Mexico. It was later taken over by Aeronaves de Mexico when it declared bankruptcy. Aerovias Guest was founded in June 1946. In the 1950s, the airline began an international partnership with Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) after SAS purchased a share of the airline. The airline's name was later changed to "Guest Aerovias Mexico". SAS sold its share of the airline in 1961. In early 1963, the airline flying as Guest Aerovias Mexico
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Dominicana DC-9 air disaster


crashed into buildings, killing all four people on board as well as six people on the ground. Immediately after the Santo Domingo crash, Dominicana suspended all operations. Four of the airline's mechanics were reportedly arrested as well. In addition, the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) banned the airline from operating to the United States. The ban was lifted later the same year after Dominicana leased a replacement DC-9 aircraft from the Spanish airline Iberia, which was flown by crews from that airline. Dominicana eventually resumed full services
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Dominicana de Aviación


vice president at the time was quoted saying that "Dominicans can fly APA Internacional" which was another "local" airline that benefited handsomely from Dominicana's demise. While several attempts have been made to privatize the airline, no efforts came to fruition. American Airlines and later JetBlue dominated the market and the business case for a new Dominican flag carrier is relatively weak given the investment that would be required and the debts that would have to be honored in order to use the Dominicana name. Over the years, Dominicana operated the
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Dominicana de Aviación


Compañía Dominicana de Aviación, usually shortened to Dominicana, was an airline from the Dominican Republic, serving as flag carrier of the country. Dominicana was established in 1944 in an effort to create a national airline aiming at the large number of Dominican citizens who emigrated to the United States of America, Puerto Rico and Spain. The initial fleet consisted of Douglas DC-3 and DC-6 aircraft. During the 1950s, Dominicana launched a domestic route network to places such as Puerto Plata, La Romana and Santiago de los Caballeros, acquiring Curtiss-
8697636
PAWA Dominicana


PAWA Dominicana (Pan Am World Airways Dominicana) was the international flag carrier of the Dominican Republic. It was created as a subsidiary airline for Pan American Airways. This airline had scheduled flights between Santo Domingo and other Caribbean and US destinations. It was based at Santo Domingo-Las Americas. Authority for several international routes was suspended January 28, 2018. As of February 2018, the airline has ceased all of its operations. The airline's failure would be the first test of the nation's new bankruptcy law. Pan
11716465
Cibao International Airport


Continental Airlines began direct flights from Newark. This was followed by direct service by JetBlue Airways and Delta Air Lines, both from New York. Aeromar became Santiago as it secondary hub, after Las Américas International Airport. In 2003 Aeromar Líneas Aéreas Dominicanas stopped their flights into Santiago after the airline stopped operations. By the end of 2005 the airport's operator began one of the biggest expansions for this airport. They expanded the custom hall and rebuilt the west and east side of the terminal. The terminal saw the addition of a
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Aeromar Líneas Aéreas Dominicanas


Aeromar Líneas Aéreas Dominicanas was an airline based in the Dominican Republic. The airline was established in 1998 by (Santiago de los Caballeros,1928 -Santo Domingo, 2015) to replace the defunct Dominicana de Aviación. Polanco-Alegria was an Air Force military commander and a key figure in the Rebellion of the Pilots movement in November 1961, when military action was taken by a group of aviators to guarantee the democratic process after the death of the dictator Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Prior to Aeromar Airlines, Polanco, the grandson of Spanish Jose Alegria Serrano
8117422
Aeroméxico


merger. The 1970s brought dramatic changes for Aeroméxico. In 1970, under a government plan, Mexican domestic airlines were nationalized into an integrated air transport system under the control of Aeronaves de México. The system included eight smaller carriers, although these were later disbanded. During the early 1970s, the remaining Douglas DC-6 and Bristol Britannia aircraft were retired. A new color scheme (orange and black) was introduced and the airline changed its name from "Aeronaves de México" to its current, shortened version of Aeroméxico in February 1972
4822979
Roswell International Air Center


service with major airlines to provide nonstop regional jet flights to a major hub. American Eagle, the feeder carrier for American Airlines responded and began service on Sep. 5, 2007 with two daily flights to Dallas/Ft. Worth on 50-seat Embraer 145s. The service did so well that a third flight was added only seven months later. Mesa Airlines then ended all of their Roswell service on the last day of 2007 which left no flights to Albuquerque. At the request of Roswell city officials, American Eagle began a westbound flight
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Aeroméxico


"Aeronaves" began replacing its piston-engined aircraft with new jets. The first jet-engined aircraft were a pair of Douglas DC-8s. The DC-8s were used on routes within Mexico and to New York City. In 1963, Aeronaves de México (Aeroméxico) took over Aerovias Guest airlines and they were merged under the name Aeronaves de México. Later in the 1960s, more DC-8s were added and service to Europe was resumed, operated by two de Havilland Comet 4C jet aircraft dry-leased by Aerovías Guest prior to the
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Aeromar Líneas Aéreas Dominicanas


, new services to New York, In 2003 The Airlines began to fly to Aruba, Havana and Caracas with Boeing 737, Boeing 757 and Boeing 767. In 2003, the airline ceased operations. Aeromar leased its fleet of Boeing 757 from Icelandair and Boeing 767 from Air Atlanta. Aeromar was the first airline to fly New York– Santiago, DR route in 2002. Their frequent flyer programs were Viajero de Plata (SilverFlyer). The Aeromar Líneas Aéreas Dominicanas fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of May 2003)
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Air Dominicana


airline failed to re-finance itself, therefore ceasing operations on 8 September 2008. Air Europa was expected to take the remaining shares which Futura left behind. This deal never came into being, which might have been a reason for the subsequent bankruptcy. Air Dominicana planned to launch services with flights to Miami and New York City from Santo Domingo. The Air Dominicana fleet consisted of the following aircraft (at 1 October 2010): The average fleet age of the Air Dominicana fleet was 21.4 years (at 1 October 2010)
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Aeroméxico


, the Douglas DC-4s were replaced by some pressurized Douglas DC-6s and two Bristol Britannias (the first turboprop passenger aircraft in the fleet) and in 1958, services were inaugurated to Idlewild Airport (now JFK) using the Britannias. The Mexico City-New York route would prove profitable for "Aeronaves" and its North American competitors. The airline was nationalised in 1959. In the early 1960s, the fleet of Aeronaves de México (Aeroméxico) included Douglas DC-3, Douglas DC-6, and Bristol Britannia aircraft. Starting in 1961,
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De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter


operators which also flew the Twin Otter included Aeronaves de Mexico, Air BC, Alaska Airlines, ALM Antillean Airlines, Ansett Airlines, Cayman Airways, Frontier Airlines (1950-1986), LIAT, Norcanair, Nordair, Ozark Air Lines, Pacific Western Airlines, Quebecair, South Pacific Island Airways, Time Air, Transair (Canada), Trans Australian Airlines (TAA), Wardair Canada and Wien Air Alaska. In many cases, the excellent operating economics of the Twin Otter allowed airlines large and small to provide scheduled passenger
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Air Dominicana


Air Dominicana was the flag carrier airline for the Dominican Republic. It planned to begin operations in October 2009 using a Boeing 737-400 aircraft with daily services to New York City and Miami. A second Boeing 737 was due to join the fleet later. Its headquarters were on the fourth floor of the Air Europa building in Santo Domingo. Air Dominicana was incorporated on 9 May 2007 in Santo Domingo with a capital of US$10 million. On 15 December 2008, the US Department of Transportation issued an FAA license which granted
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Dominicana de Aviación


Wright C-46 Commando and Aviation Traders Carvair airplanes. In the 1960s, Dominicana renewed its fleet with Douglas DC-8, McDonnell Douglas DC-9 and Boeing 727 jet aircraft. The route network was further expanded, with more destinations in the Americas and the Caribbean during the 1970s. At its height in the 1980s, Dominicana operated Boeing 747 aircraft to European destinations like Madrid, Milan, and Frankfurt. At the end of the decade, the airline's economic situation worsened due to poor management, lack of innovation or cost-cutting culture,
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Dominicana de Aviación


of 1993 an Airbus A300 from Conair). The financial situation further worsened into the 1990s, which coincided with a negative customer reputation (like lost or delayed luggage as well as unreliable schedules). In 1994, now also faced with Cat1 restrictions in the US, Dominicana wet-leased a Boeing 737-300 and a Boeing 757-200 from Mexican low-cost airline TAESA. Further aircraft were wet-leased from Express One International, Atlantic Aviation and Carnival Air Lines. During Christmas of 1994, many Dominicana VFR
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Aero Continente Dominicana


Aero Continente Dominicana was short-lived airline based in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, operating out of Las Américas International Airport on behalf of Aero Continente from Peru, its parent company. Aero Continente decided to establish a wholly owned subsidiary in Santo Domingo in 2001. Thus, Aero Continente Dominicana was created and it received one Boeing 737-200 aircraft in May 2002. Over the following months, a limited number of scheduled flights to Miami was offered. In August 2003, the aircraft was returned to Aero Continente, which marked
13691266
Airline hub


airline. However, as an airline expands operations at its primary hub to the point that it experiences capacity limitations, it may elect to open secondary hubs. Examples of such hubs are Turkish Airlines' Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen hub, British Airways' hub at London-Gatwick, Air India's hub at Mumbai and Lufthansa's hub at Munich. By operating multiple hubs, airlines can expand their geographic reach. They can also better serve spoke–spoke markets, providing more itineraries with connections at different hubs. A given hub
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Airline


and Malaysia Airlines), El Al in Israel in 1948, Garuda Indonesia in 1949, Japan Airlines in 1951, Thai Airways International in 1960, and Korean National Airlines in 1947. Among the first countries to have regular airlines in Latin America and the Caribbean were Bolivia with Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano, Cuba with Cubana de Aviación, Colombia with Avianca (the first airline established in the Americas), Argentina with Aerolineas Argentinas, Chile with LAN Chile (today LATAM Airlines), Brazil with Varig, Dominican Republic with Dominicana de Aviación
1729881
Berta Zerón


airplane. Zerón's ultimate goal however, was to work for an airline. She left Commander Mexicana and applied for employment with the then called "Aeronaves de Mexico,". The airline always had an excuse for not hiring her. Since they could not reject her based on her training, piloting abilities and mastery of the English language, she was told "you will retire in 15 years and thus, you will not be able to return the investment made in your training." At that time, the presence of
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Airline hub


Airline hubs or hub airports are used by one or more airlines to concentrate passenger traffic and flight operations at a given airport. They serve as transfer (or stop-over) points to get passengers to their final destination. It is part of the hub-and-spoke system. An airline operates flights from several non-hub (spoke) cities to the hub airport, and passengers traveling between spoke cities need to connect through the hub. This paradigm creates economies of scale that allow an airline to serve (via
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Transport hub


airports function as intra-modular hubs for the airlines, or airline hubs. This is a common strategy among network airlines who fly only from limited number of airports and usually will make their customers change planes at one of their hubs if they want to get between two cities the airline doesn't fly directly between. Airlines have extended the hub-and-spoke model in various ways. One method is to create additional hubs on a regional basis, and to create major routes between the hubs. This reduces the need to
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Faucett Perú


, the Fundación Faucett (35%) and Braniff International Airways (19%). The cargo-only airline Aeronaves del Peru became Faucett's biggest shareholder in 1982. At March 1990 the airline had 1,300 employees and a fleet of ten aircraft that consisted of two Boeing 727-200s, one Boeing 737-100, four Boeing 737-200s and three McDonnell Douglas DC-8-50s. The 1990s economic liberalization under Alberto Fujimori, after years of economic and political chaos (as well as a violent Maoist insurgency),
17868980
Iberia (airline)


a policy of purchasing shares and establishing agreements with several Latin American airlines such as Compañia Dominicana de Aviación, Aérolíneas Peruanas, PLUNA and Air Panamá Internacional. At first, the intention of this policy it could be to create a strong distribution network for intercontinental routes passengers, but as the airline was controlled by the state the Franco regime used this investment policy to get support in Latin America. Iberia gave material, capital and logistical support to those flag-carrier airlines. By 1971 these investments resulted in the loss of 14 million
12191600
McDonnell Douglas DC-9


by Air Canada for its earlier aircraft, and adopted by McDonnell Douglas as a standard feature on the series 50. It was also applied to many earlier DC-9s in the course of regular maintenance. A total of 30 DC-9 aircraft (all variants) were in commercial service as of July 2018. Operators include Aeronaves TSM (8), USA Jet Airlines (6), Everts Air Cargo (4), Ameristar Charters (4) and other operators with fewer aircraft. Delta Air Lines, since acquiring Northwest Airlines, has operated
10530847
McDonnell Douglas MD-80


. The MD-90-30 is a stretched variant with two more powerful V2500 engines. The MD-90ER extended range version was also offered. The MD-95 was developed as a replacement for the earlier DC-9-30. After McDonnell Douglas and Boeing merged it was renamed and produced as the Boeing 717. There were 298 MD-80 series aircraft in service as of July 2018, with operators including Delta Air Lines (101), American Airlines (43), Allegiant Air (32), LASER Airlines (12), Aeronaves TSM (9
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Airline hub


passengers. However, with the term's expanded usage, a focus city may also function as a small-scale or total hub. Allegiant Air, JetBlue and Southwest Airlines are examples of US-based airlines that consider some of their focus cities run like a hub. The hub-and-spoke system allows an airline to serve fewer routes, so fewer aircraft are needed. The system also increases passenger loads; a flight from a hub to a spoke carries not just passengers originating at the hub, but also passengers
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Bristol Britannia


released this series to other airlines; "Aeronaves de Mexico" took two Model 302s, which entered service in December 1957. The 18 Bristol Britannia 312s for BOAC were delivered from September 1957 with its service introduction on the first-ever non-stop flight from London to Canada on 19 December 1957. In late December 1957 BOAC began regular Britannia flights from London to New York. Other airlines, such as Israel's "El Al", used the Britannia on transatlantic routes. In 1959 BOAC started flying the Britannia across
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Aeroméxico


DC-8s along with the remaining ten DC-9-15 aircraft. Starting the privatization process included a new corporate name (Aerovias de Mexico SA de CV). The airline restarted operations with its predecessor's assets, including the headquarters building, maintenance hangar, some aircraft, and some former Aeronaves de Mexico employees. The early 1990s were turbulent times, with the rise in fuel costs due to the Gulf War, and a domestic fare war caused by start-up airlines like TAESA, Servicios Aéreos Rutas Oriente, Aviacsa, among others
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PAWA Dominicana


its fleet. On June 4, 2010 the company was purchased by a group of airline professionals and they appointed Mrs.Mirtha Espada as the company's President. On February 2012 the airline temporarily ceased scheduled services but continued operating charter services. On March 2012 the company appointed Mr.Hector Gomez as President with the task of re-orienting the company, and also calling back the former company's founder and owner as part of the organization. The airline secured its Air Operator Certificate in mid-October 2014 and started services
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Western Pacific Airlines


whereas Stapleton had once been a hub for airlines like the original Frontier Airlines (1950-1986) and Western Airlines. Effort was made to explore using a secondary airport as an airline's hub, taking Continental's place without incurring the high landing fees of Denver International Airport. Centennial Airport in Denver, Jeffco Airport in Broomfield and Colorado Springs Airport were considered, though Colorado Springs had been chosen as the hub for Western Pacific when the airline began. While Western Pacific's Colorado Springs hub had initially been successful and was beginning
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Airline hub


make connections en route to their final destination, which increases travel time. Additionally, airlines can come to monopolise their hubs (fortress hubs), allowing them to freely increase fares as passengers have no alternative. Airlines may operate banks of flights at their hubs, in which several flights arrive and depart within short periods of time. The banks may be known as "peaks" of activity at the hubs and the non-banks as "valleys". Banking allows for short connection times for passengers. However, an airline
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Airline hub


the airline. Other airlines that use this system include UPS Airlines, TNT Airways, Cargolux and DHL Aviation, which operate their primary hubs at Louisville, Liège, Luxembourg and Leipzig respectively. Although the term "focus city" is used to mainly refer to an airport from which an airline operates limited point-to-point routes, its usage has loosely expanded to refer to a small-scale hub as well. For example, JetBlue's New York–JFK focus city runs like a hub, although in reality it
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Airline hub


is still deemed as a focus city. A fortress hub exists when an airline controls a significant majority of the market at one of its hubs. Competition is particularly difficult at fortress hubs. Examples include Delta hubs at Atlanta, Salt Lake City, Detroit, and Minneapolis–Saint Paul; American Airlines hubs at Charlotte, Dallas–Fort Worth, Washington-National, and Philadelphia; and United hubs at Denver, San Francisco, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, and Washington–Dulles. Flag carriers have historically enjoyed similar dominance
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Research Triangle


, Paris and London. In 1996, American Airlines ceased its hub operations at RDU due to Pan Am and Eastern Airlines. Pan Am and Eastern were Miami's main tenants until 1991, when both carriers went bankrupt. Their hubs at MIA were taken over by United Airlines and American Airlines. This created a difficulty in competing with US Airways' hub in Charlotte and Delta Air Lines' hub in Atlanta, Georgia for passengers traveling between smaller cities in the North and South. Midway Airlines entered the market, starting service in
19271873
Ural Airlines


main hubs of Ural Airlines are Moscow-Domodedovo and Yekaterinburg. In plans of Ural Airlines is to increase its number of hubs, by developing hubs at Moscow-Sheremetyevo and Moscow-Zhukovsky. A million passengers per year was first achieved in 2006. Since then, the airline and its passenger numbers have both grown. In 2013, the airline transported 4.419 million passengers, the sixth most in Russia that year. Passengers transported from 2007-2016: Ural Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines: As of October 2018
21136712
LATAM Chile


LAN Perú and LAN Ecuador. Since May 5, 2016, LAN Airlines has been operating as LATAM Chile. The airline opened many routes during 2017, one of them being their longest flight in their history: Santiago to Melbourne, which started operating October 5 of that year. In March 2004, Lan Chile and its subsidiaries, LAN Perú, LAN Ecuador, LAN Dominicana and LAN Express, became unified under the unique LAN brand and livery, eliminating each airline country name on the brands. On June 17, 2004,
21956194
2009 in aviation


This is a list of aviation-related events from 2009: During the year, the airlines Aeromak, City Link Air, FlyMontserrat, KentuckySkies, Mint Airways, and Trawel Fly are established, the airlines Air Arabia Maroc, Arik Niger, and Nile Air commence flight operations, and Sol Dominicana Airlines ceases operations. T*he first Solar Impulse aircraft, "HB-SIA", the first solar-powered aircraft capable of flying both day and night thanks to batteries charged by solar power that provide it with power during darkness,
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Airline hub


connection times are longer at a rolling hub. American Airlines was the first to depeak its hubs, trying to improve profitability following the September 11 attacks. It rebanked its hubs in 2015, however, feeling the gain in connecting passengers would outweigh the rise in costs. The hub-and-spoke system is also used by some cargo airlines. FedEx Express established its main hub in Memphis in 1973, prior to the deregulation of the air cargo industry in the United States. The system has created an efficient delivery system for
15530810
Sichuan Airlines


Sichuan Airlines Co., Ltd. Group became the major shareholder (40%). The other shareholders are China Southern Airlines (39%), China Eastern Airlines (10%), Air China Group (10%) and Chengdu Gingko Restaurant Co. (1%). Sichuan Airlines' corporate headquarters is located in its hub Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport in Chengdu, Sichuan and its secondary hubs are at Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport and Kunming Changshui International Airport. Sichuan Airlines owns Chengdu Airlines as its subsidiary, which also has its hub
20104171
China Southwest Airlines


China Southwest Airlines (CSWA, ) was an airline with its head office on the property of Shuangliu Airport in Shuangliu County, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. On 28 October 2002, China Southwest Airlines was merged into Air China. China Southwest Airlines' main hub was at Chengdu Shuangliu, Sichuan Province and its secondary hub was in Chongqing. It was the only airline flying to Lhasa until 2002. Although most routes from its hubs Chengdu and Chongqing were domestic, it also flew to Bangkok, Chiangmai,
5332360
Virtual airline (hobby)


can see their accomplishments and an overall roster displays an individuals performance among others in the group. When a virtual airline grows to a point where managing their operations becomes difficult, the airline might subdivide into smaller groups, called a hub. The concept is similar to pilot bases in real-world airlines where pilots are grouped together at a major airport to start and end a series of flights, under the direction of a hub manager. Virtual airlines based on airlines that really exist commonly provide hubs associated with what would be expected
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Alaska Airlines


many flights linking small towns to major transportation hubs and carries more passengers between Alaska and the contiguous United States than any other airline. The airline operates its largest hub at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, and it also operates hubs in Anchorage, Los Angeles, Portland, San Francisco and focus cities at San Diego and San Jose. As of 2018, the airline employs over 21,000 people and been ranked by J. D. Power and Associates as having the highest customer satisfaction of the traditional airlines for eleven consecutive years. Through the airline
19074685
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport


Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport is the major international airport serving Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, China. Located about southwest of downtown Chengdu to the north of Shuangliu District, Shuangliu airport is an important aviation hub for Western China. Shuangliu Airport is one of the two core hubs for Air China, together with Beijing, as well as the main hub and headquarters for Sichuan Airlines and Chengdu Airlines. China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines, Lucky Air and Tibet Airlines also have bases at Shuangliu Airport. Chengdu
4209276
America West Express


Mesa Airlines to operate America West Airlines' regional and commuter services as America West Express. In the mid-1990s, with the opening of the America West Airlines hub at Port Columbus International Airport in Columbus, Ohio, America West Airlines used Chautauqua Airlines to provide Embraer ERJ-145 regional jet service to feed the hub. When the Columbus hub was shut down, the Chautauqua Airlines code share was discontinued, leaving Mesa as the sole operator of AW Express services. In 2003, America West greatly increased the size of their express operation by starting
484199
Mesa Air Group


two jets from a Phoenix hub to Des Moines and Spokane as America West Express. As Mesa acquired air carriers or expanded by creating new airlines, it grew in a seemingly haphazard manner. From 1989 through 1995, Mesa had grown from one airline with hubs in Albuquerque, Denver, and Phoenix to six separate airlines with hubs throughout the country, though it had as many as eight airlines prior to 1995. Rather than integrating each new acquisition and airline into one integrated company, Mesa continued operating each individual airline independently, with
9262120
George Bush Intercontinental Airport


In 2017, the airport served 40,696,189 passengers, making it the 48th busiest airport in the world, and the 15th busiest airport in the United States. IAH covers 10,000 acres (40.5 km.) of land and has five runways. Houston Intercontinental is the second largest passenger hub for United Airlines. The airport also serves as a focus city for Spirit Airlines. Under operations as United Express, ExpressJet, Mesa Airlines, Republic Airline, and SkyWest Airlines operate hub operations from IAH. It served as a hub for Houston-
17336158
Airline hub


's capacity may become exhausted or capacity shortages may occur during peak periods of the day, at which point airlines may be compelled to shift traffic to a reliever hub. A reliever hub has the potential to serve several functions for an airline: it can bypass the congested hub, it can absorb excess demand for flights that could otherwise not be scheduled at the congested hub, and it can schedule new O&D city pairs for connecting traffic. One of the most recognized examples of this model is Delta Air Lines's use of LaGuardia
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Shanghai Pudong International Airport


, as well as secondary hub of China Southern Airlines. It is also the hub for privately owned Juneyao Airlines and Spring Airlines, and an Asia-Pacific cargo hub for UPS and DHL. The DHL hub, opened in July 2012, is said to be the biggest express hub in Asia. Pudong Airport has two main passenger terminals, flanked on both sides by four operational parallel runways. A third passenger terminal has been planned since 2015, in addition to a satellite terminal and two additional runways, which will raise its
3118831
AmericanConnection


AmericanConnection was an American flight connection service brand name for the spoke-hub of U.S. mainline carrier American Airlines, under which regional airline operator Chautauqua Airlines operated feeder flights for American Airlines at its Chicago hub. American Airlines also uses affiliated companies (corporations under common ownership) operating under the American Eagle brand to provide regional service to its other hubs in addition to the AmericanConnection service that was operated by Chautauqua Airlines. On April 6, 2010, American moved all existing AmericanConnection operations to Chicago-O'Hare as part of its restructuring plan
3687656
Alcazar (airline)


's hub at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport would become the main hub for flights to South America, while Austrian's hub at Vienna International Airport would become the main hub for flights to Eastern Europe. The airlines operated three different long-haul aircraft: SAS used Boeing 767s, Swissair McDonnell Douglas MD-11s, while KLM operated Boeing 747 aircraft. Other non-conformities between the airlines included SAS using Amadeus and KLM using Galileo as their computer reservations system. To resolve issues with the labour unions, the airlines decided to organize the company with
4721259
Midway Airlines (1993–2003)


Ft. Worth and Denver. Due to competition and limited gate space, Midway moved to Durham, North Carolina, and set up a hub at Raleigh-Durham International Airport (RDU) in 1995. (Midway eventually moved its headquarters to Morrisville, North Carolina.) Midway's arrival at RDU coincided with the closure of an American Airlines hub, as they focused their assets in MIA after taking over the former Eastern Airlines hub. For several years Midway partnered with American Airlines and offered American Airlines AAdvantage miles in the RDU
21769979
Western Airlines


Western's Salt Lake City hub became a major Delta hub, and Delta now uses Los Angeles as a major gateway and hub as well. This mainline destination list is taken from Western's March 1, 1987 timetable shortly before the merger with Delta Air Lines. The airline's main hub was Salt Lake City International Airport with a smaller hub at Los Angeles International Airport. Western had a flight between Washington Dulles International Airport in Washington, D.C., and Washington National Airport at one point in 1985. In 1987 the airline had
17115105
Aerovías Quisqueyana


Aerovías Nacionales Quisqueyana, also known as Quisqueyana, was an airline from the Dominican Republic which was based at Las Américas International Airport, Santo Domingo, during the 1960s and 1970s. Offering mostly flights to the United States and to Europe, Quisqueyana was in direct competition with Dominicana, which at the time was the flag carrier of the country. Quisqueyana was founded in 1962, aiming at the Dominican VFR traffic within the Americas and to Europe. It became the second largest airline of the Dominican Republic, but ultimately lost the competition
3633478
Dominicana de Aviación


passengers were stranded at JFK, MIA, and SJU when the airline was unable to provide necessary funding to lessors for heavily-booked Christmas flights (and, overbooked for the B727 the lessors were providing, since an A300 had been expected to be wet-leased). As a consequence of the outrage, in early 1995 the government of the Dominican Republic decided to shut down the airline. While the shutdown was originally only planned as a temporary measure to get re-organized, the company never became operational again. The
8697640
Mesa Airlines


hub for America West Express. The FloridaGulf Airlines division was formed in 1991 after Mesa's acquisition of Air Midwest. Air Midwest's CEO, Robert Priddy, was chosen to start up the operation. It operated under a code share agreement with USAir and was a USAir Express carrier. It started with a Tampa hub, providing service to Florida and the southeast United States using Beechcraft 1900 aircraft. Additional hubs in Orlando and New Orleans were established. In 1993, the airline expanded into the Northeast, with a hub in Boston
6195332
UPS Airlines


changed the aircraft from Pratt & Whitney JT8D to Rolls-Royce Tay turbofans. In 1991, to gain the ability to fly domestic cargo flights within Europe, UPS entered into a partnership with Danish airline Star Air (part of the Maersk conglomerate), leasing several 727 freighters to the airline (later replaced by 757 freighters). In the early 1990s, to add capacity to its network, UPS Airlines opened additional hubs, with primary hubs in Rockford, Illinois (Chicago) and Philadelphia; secondary hubs were opened in Dallas
4268947
Air Midwest


Omaha, and Manhattan, KS. By the end of 1985 the airline was operating five Saab 340's and 24 Metroliners. Although Air Midwest was unsuccessful in gaining a codeshare with Republic through the Scheduled Skyways merger, it was able to acquire codeshare agreements in 1985 with Eastern Airlines as Eastern Air Midwest Express at the Kansas City and Wichita hubs and later with Ozark Air Lines as Ozark Midwest at that carriers' St. Louis hub, and American Airlines as part of the American Eagle (airline brand) at their Nashville hub.
6195367
Denver International Airport


Frontier Airlines and United Airlines, and is a main operating base for Southwest Airlines. These three airlines' combined operations made up about 85% of the total passenger traffic at DIA . Denver has traditionally been home to one of the busier airports in the nation because of its location. Many airlines including United Airlines, Western Airlines, former Frontier Airlines and People Express were hubbed at the old Stapleton International Airport. At times, Stapleton was a hub for three or four airlines. The main reasons that justified the construction of the
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Airline hub


and Oman Air were both founded in 1993, with hubs at Doha and Muscat respectively. As the new airlines grew, their home nations relied less on Gulf Air to provide air service. Qatar withdrew its share in Gulf Air in 2002. In 2003, the UAE formed another national airline, Etihad Airways, which is based in Abu Dhabi. The country exited Gulf Air in 2006, and Oman followed in 2007. Emirates, Qatar Airways and Etihad Airways have since established large hubs at their respective home airports. The hubs
15530820
Cleveland Hopkins International Airport


added that overall profitability would be the determining factor in whether the new United kept or closed the Cleveland hub. United continued to reduce its capacity in Cleveland following the merger, which already had been substantially reduced in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. On February 1, 2014, United announced that the airline would shut down its Cleveland hub, stating as justification that the airline's hub at Cleveland "hasn't been profitable for over a decade." By June 5, 2014, United Airlines effectively terminated its hub operation
18213147
Piedmont Airlines (1948–89)


; nonstop between San Francisco and Charlotte, Dayton and Kansas City; nonstop between Phoenix and Baltimore and Charlotte; and nonstop between Seattle and Charlotte Shortly before the merger with USAir in 1989, Piedmont had hubs at Baltimore, Charlotte, Dayton and Syracuse. Syracuse was the smallest hub; it had been an Empire hub. After deregulation in the late 1970s the airline grew rapidly and developed a hub at Charlotte/Douglas International Airport in Charlotte, North Carolina. Piedmont bought Empire Airlines, based in Utica, New York, in
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San Diego International Airport


, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. San Diego is the largest metropolitan area in the United States that is not an airline hub or secondary hub; however, San Diego is a focus city for Alaska Airlines and Southwest Airlines. The top five carriers in San Diego during 2017 were Southwest Airlines (34.7%), American Airlines (12.6%), United Airlines (11.9%), Delta Air Lines (10.3%), and Alaska Airlines (8.7%). San Diego International is the busiest single runway airport
18629823
Hawaiian Airlines


Hawaiian Airlines () is the flag carrier and the largest airline in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is the tenth-largest commercial airline in the US, and is based in Honolulu, Hawaii. The airline operates its main hub at Daniel K. Inouye International Airport on the island of Oʻahu and a secondary hub out of Kahului Airport on the island of Maui. Hawaiian Airlines operates flights to Asia, American Samoa, Australia, French Polynesia, Hawaii, New Zealand, and the United States mainland. Hawaiian Airlines is owned
18756907
Vilnius Airport


Airlines and a base for Wizz Air. It used to be a main hub for Star1 Airlines until their end of operations in September 2010 and Aurela until Aurela had lost its flight license. It was the hub for Small Planet Airlines and Aviavilsa until both airlines folded. The airport was a secondary hub for airBaltic, Estonian Air and Skyways Express until they closed the bases in Vilnius. On 30 June 2013 Air Lituanica also began its flights from the Vilnius Airport and established its base there serving several European cities. However, by
4921259
Texas International Airlines


, for Texas International. Texas Air then acquired Continental Airlines in 1982 and merged Continental and Texas International on October 31, 1982 with TI assuming the former's name. The last Texas International aircraft were seen in 1983. Today's successor to Trans-Texas Airways and Texas International is United Airlines, which merged with Continental in 2010. The airline has a large hub at George Bush Intercontinental Airport, a former hub for Texas International. Dallas/Fort Worth Airport was a hub for Texas International before its merger with Continental.
9132984
Jazeera Airways


requested the airline to terminate its hub operations at Dubai. This step was seen as a support to Dubai's upcoming launch of its own low-cost airline, FlyDubai. Jazeera changed its operation model by concentrating on its Kuwait hub and trying to launch a second hub somewhere else. By Q2 2010, the new model proved unprofitable as the Kuwait hub suffered from overcapacity. The airline changed its plans by cancelling many stations and parking some aircraft which were later returned to lessor. In 2018, Jazeera Airways opened their own dedicated
1334922
Santiago Municipal Airport


stimulate the city's growth. The operations were focused to the passenger movements between San Juan and Santiago, and also the cargo operations to San Juan, Santo Domingo and Port-au-Prince. Before ceasing operations, Dominicana de Aviación became the first airline to connect Santiago with the United States, starting operations between Santiago and Miami, in McDonnell Douglas DC-6 Aircraft in the 1970s. In the 1990s, another Dominican airline, Dominair, started operations in the airport, with two daily flights to San Juan. They added flights
3175234
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport


Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport (formerly Shenzhen Huangtian Airport) is the airport serving the city of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. It is located on the east bank of the Pearl River near Huangtian and Fuyong villages in Bao'an District, and is northwest of the city center. It is a hub for Shenzhen Airlines and Shenzhen Donghai Airlines and for cargo airline SF Airlines, and a focus city for China Southern Airlines and Hainan Airlines. The airport also serves as an Asian-Pacific cargo hub for UPS Airlines. The airport is
6261029
Continental Airlines


Continental's already formidable Denver hub. Because it had been the largest airline operating in the New York market, the People Express hub at Newark would permit Continental to expand its East Coast services dramatically. Continental soon became the third-largest airline in the U.S. and the predominant force in the New York, Denver and Houston airline markets. Continental emerged from bankruptcy on June 30, 1986, with improved asset and cash flow positions and a more competitive route structure with routes radiating to every large U.S. city from major hubs at Denver
20960310
Canadian Airlines


in debt. Canadian Airlines announced that it would support this and recommend acceptance from its shareholders. Air Canada rejected the offer. On August 31, 1999, Air Canada adopted a poison pill aimed at thwarting any takeover bid. It was later (Sep 24, 1999) revealed by Kevin Benson that merger talks had occurred between Canadian Airlines and Air Canada in early 1999 with Air Canada abandoning the talks. On October 19, 1999, Air Canada, backed by Star Alliance partners Lufthansa Airlines, United Airlines and CIBC announced a
2689868
AirTran Airways


Airways headquarters in Orlando on January 28, 1998, while the ValuJet Atlanta hub remained the hub for the combined AirTran Airways/Airlines operation. In April 1998, AirTran Holdings transferred all of AirTran Airlines fleet and operations to AirTran Airways and the FAA certificate for AirTran Airlines was canceled, AirTran Airways now became the only airline operator for AirTran Holdings and AirTran Airlines became an inactive subsidiary of AirTran Holdings. In August 1999, AirTran Airlines was merged into AirTran Airways. AirTran Airways became the surviving airline and AirTran Airlines became the non
14923573
Aeroméxico


5.0% vs. previous year), of which 13,047,000 domestic (+3.7%)and 6,656,000 international (+7.6%). It flew 34,776,000 revenue passenger kilometers (RPKs), had 43,362,000 available seat kilometers (ASKs), and an 80.3% load factor. The airline was established as Aeronaves de México on 15 September 1934, by Antonio Díaz Lombardo. Its first aircraft was a Stinson SR Reliant 5A (registered XB-AJI). Julio Zinser piloted the maiden flight on the Mexico City – Acapulco route on 14 September 1934. When World
4822975
Texas


It ranks as the largest airline in the United States by number of passengers carried domestically per year and the largest airline in the world by number of passengers carried.Southwest Airlines, headquartered in Dallas, has its operations at Dallas Love Field. Texas's second-largest air facility is Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH). It served as the largest hub for the former Continental Airlines, which was based in Houston; it serves as the largest hub for United Airlines, the world's third-largest airline,
10498456
Conquest Airlines


Connect). The airline expanded throughout the Southeastern United States and in 1993 opened a hub in Birmingham, Alabama. From Birmingham, the company offered flights to Little Rock (AR), Mobile (AL), Atlanta (GA), Greenville (SC) and Charleston (SC). The airline connected both hubs with service via an Austin-Tyler-Little Rock-Birmingham route. In 1993 the airline had 16 aircraft and 300 employees. Afterwards the airline's business declined. During a point in which the airline
10851827
Airliner


airline hubs and major cities. A smaller, more common class of airliners is the narrow-body or single-aisle. These are generally used for short to medium-distance flights with fewer passengers than their wide-body counterparts. Regional airliners typically seat fewer than 100 passengers and may be powered by turbofans or turboprops. These airliners are the non-mainline counterparts to the larger aircraft operated by the major carriers, legacy carriers, and flag carriers, and are used to feed traffic into the large airline hubs. These
6119774
Spoke–hub distribution paradigm


deregulated in 1978, several other airlines adopted Delta's hub and spoke paradigm. Airlines have extended the hub-and-spoke model in various ways. One method is to create additional hubs on a regional basis and to create major routes between them. That reduces the need to travel long distances between nodes near one another. Another method is to use focus cities to implement point-to-point service for high-traffic routes and to bypass the hub entirely. The spoke-hub model is applicable to other forms of
3213881
Regional airline


. Over time these regional aircraft grew in size as airline hubs expanded and competition dwindled among the major carriers. Below is a list of many of the regional brands that evolved when regional airlines were advertised to look like the major airlines. The following is a list of former regional marketing brands operated by lesser known airlines, serving airline hub regional routes on behalf of mainline, legacy, major, or large discount carriers in the United States: The following is a list of former marketing brands operated by smaller airlines, but using
5003579
Long Island MacArthur Airport


Continental Express was operating ATR-42 turboprop service nonstop between the airport and the Continental Airlines hub located at Newark Airport. By 1999 Atlantic Southeast Airlines (ASA) flying as Delta Connection was operating Canadair CRJ-200 regional jet service nonstop to the Delta Air Lines hub in Atlanta while Comair, also flying as Delta Connection, was operating Canadair CRJ-200 regional jet service nonstop to the Delta Air Lines hub in Cincinnati. Also in 1999, Continental Express was flying Embraer ERJ-145 regional jets nonstop to the Continental Airlines hub in Cleveland. In later years,
13561773
LATAM Chile


LATAM Airlines, formerly LAN Airlines S.A. and Lan Chile, is an airline based in Santiago, Chile, and is one of the founders of LATAM Airlines Group, Latin America's largest airline holding company. The main hub is Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport (Santiago), with secondary hubs in El Dorado (Bogotá), Jorge Chávez (Lima), José Joaquín de Olmedo (Guayaquil), Jorge Newbery (Buenos Aires) and Mariscal Sucre (Quito) airports. LAN Airlines was the flag carrier of Chile until
21956178
Cibao International Airport


S. Fondeur, who acquired the land necessary to build the new airport. The construction of the airport began on February 15, 2000 and was finished in 2002. The airport was inaugurated on March 18, 2002 with two direct flights to San Juan operated by American Eagle. In May 2002 Aeromar Líneas Aéreas Dominicanas made the first direct flight from Santiago to JFK Airport in New York City. Later that month American Airlines and North American Airlines began direct flights to New York, Miami, and San Juan. A few months later
17997839
Air transports of heads of state and government


around Greenland and the North Sea. Furthermore, the Danish Royal Family have one AgustaWestland EH101 Merlin at their disposal. Ministers also fly on commercial airlines such as Scandinavian Airlines. Djibouti government has a Dassault Falcon 7X. The Air Force of the Dominican Republic or Fuerza Aérea de República Dominicana maintains the presidential helicopter fleet, which includes a Bell 430 and Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin and Eurocopter EC155 models, to transport the President of the Dominican Republic, Danilo Medina. For overseas and long distance travel the president is transported on an Aero Commander 500
76310
Continental Airlines


and Houston. Continental also began developing its Midwest hub at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport in 1986, just as United Airlines began to transfer its Cleveland hub operations to Washington Dulles International Airport in Fairfax County, Virginia. In October 1986, American Airlines senior vice president Thomas G. Plaskett became the president and CEO of Continental Airlines. On February 1, 1987, People Express, Frontier, New York Air, and several commuter carriers were merged into Continental Airlines to create the third-largest U.S. airline (and sixth largest airline in the
20960311
Vision Airlines


discontinued and Vision currently does not operate any scheduled passenger service as an independent airline. Vision Airlines began operating flights with three Boeing 737-400 jetliners for the new People Express Airlines ("PEOPLExpress") on June 30, 2014 from the start-up airline's hub at Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport (PHF). The original People Express Airlines operated a hub at Newark International Airport (EWR) from 1981 to 1987 before being merged into Continental Airlines. However, according to a USA Today news article dated September
2787969
National Aeronaval Service


The National Aeronaval Service of Panama, also called SENAN (Spanish abbreviation for Servicio Nacional Aeronaval), is a branch of the Public Forces of the Republic of Panama responsible for carrying out naval and air operations. Its main function is to "Perform" protection, surveillance, security and defense of the air and maritime jurisdictional areas of the Republic of Panama" '. at the date of January 2018 the Naval and Air Service has approximately 4,000 troops in active service, with 20 boats and approximately 20 aircraft. The SENAN has
8641159
Rossiya Airlines


Rossiya Airlines OJSC (), sometimes branded as "Rossiya—Russian Airlines" (), is a Russian airline headquartered in Saint Petersburg with its hub at Pulkovo Airport. It is based in Saint Petersburg, with additional hubs at Moscow Vnukovo International Airport, Rostov-on-Don Airport and Orenburg Tsentralny Airport. Rossiya is majority (75%) owned by Aeroflot. 24 June 1932 is considered to be the birthday of Pulkovo Airlines. It was on that day that its first facility, the Shosseynaya airfield was commissioned,
1246868
Airline hub


an intermediate connection) city-pairs that could otherwise not be economically served on a non-stop basis. This system contrasts with the point-to-point model, in which there are no hubs and nonstop flights are instead offered between spoke cities. Hub airports also serve origin and destination (O&D) traffic. In the airline industry, a focus city is a destination from which an airline operates limited point-to-point routes. Ergo, a focus city primarily caters to the local market rather than to connecting
15530805
Airline hub


originating at multiple spoke cities. However, the system is costly. Additional employees and facilities are needed to cater to connecting passengers. To serve spoke cities of varying populations and demand, an airline requires several aircraft types, and specific training and equipment are necessary for each type. In addition, airlines may experience capacity constraints as they expand at their hub airports. For the passenger, the hub-and-spoke system offers one-stop air service to a wide array of destinations. However, it requires having to regularly
15530807
Conquest Airlines


. In the late 1980s the airline shifted its hub and operations to Austin. Rafael Rivas, who became the executive vice president of Conquest, said that the airline chose Austin as its hub since Dallas and Houston were not centrally located in Texas. Rivas added that by being located in Austin, the airline would avoid competition from regional airline carriers operating in Houston and the Dallas-Fort Worth areas. In addition the airline catered to passengers traveling within Texas instead of passengers planning to do inter-state travel. Rivas added that
10851823
Queen Beatrix International Airport


Aruba, which was for many years an international airline. Before Aruba's separation from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 it was also one of three hubs for Air ALM as well as a home base for Tiara Air until 2016. Since 2013 the airport is home to Aruba Airlines, a local airliner. The airline has 3 Airbus A320 family aircraft and 2 Bombardier CRJ200. The main focus of Aruba Airlines is connecting the region through its hub. The airport helps much by providing US Border Pre-clearance and in return the airline
21415174
Chongqing


as an important aviation hub for south-western China. Jiangbei airport is a hub for China Southern Airlines, Chongqing Airlines, Sichuan Airlines, China Express Airlines, Shandong Airlines and Hainan Airlines's new China West Air. Chongqing also is a focus city of Air China, therefore it is very well connected with Star Alliance and Skyteam's international network. The airport currently has three parallel runways in operation. It serves domestic routes to most other Chinese cities, as well as international routes to Auckland, New York City, London
7792752
Transportation in Memphis, Tennessee


regional system. Memphis is served by Memphis International Airport, which handles more cargo than any other airport in the world . The airport is the international cargo hub for FedEx and became a passenger hub for Delta Air Lines after their merger with Northwest Airlines in 2008. Currently, only domestic flights are available for passengers. International flights are only available for cargo. Other passenger airlines providing service to the airport are Air Canada Jazz, AirTran Airways, American Airlines, Continental Airlines, SeaPort Airlines, United Airlines and US Airways. The
8792166
Dornier Do X


, then the Italian state airline, but were requisitioned and used by the Italian Air Force primarily for prestige flights and public spectacles. After plans for a first-class passenger service (Genoa-Gibraltar) were deemed unfeasible, the X2 and X3 were used for officer training cruises, aeronaval manoeuvres, and publicity flights. In an accident identical to that of Lufthansa's Do X1a, the Do X2 lost its tail section in a botched landing only one month later. After scaling back flights and crew complements during 1934, they
15902546
Bell M. Shimada


as the first director of the Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Commercial Fisheries′ new Eastern Pacific Tuna Investigations office in July 1958. Making their way to Acapulco, Mexico, to join their research team for the 1958 Clarion Island cruise, Shimada and Cromwell boarded Aeronaves de México Flight 111, a Lockheed L-749A Constellation, in Guadalajara, Mexico, on June 2, 1958, for a flight to Mexico City. Shortly after takeoff, the airliner crashed into La Latilla Mountain, only 16 kilometers (10 miles) from Guadalajara Airport,
5945970