Eastern SkyJets [SEP] airline hub
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Eastern SkyJets


air transport provider with clientele ranging from a number of multinational blue chip companies to government organizations such as the US Government, the United Nations and various military organizations. Eastern SkyJets was the only UAE registered passenger charter airline to be approved by the United Nations World Food Programme (UNWFP) and held the contract for its Kabul–Dubai service. The carrier ended operations in 2016. The Eastern SkyJets fleet consisted of the following aircraft (as of August 2016): The airline fleet previously included the following aircraft (as of August
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Eastern SkyJets


Eastern SkyJets was a charter airline with full infrastructure based at Dubai International Airport and Ras Al Khaima airport. ESJ had been operating flights in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, Asia and the Subcontinent region under its own UAE Air Operator Certificate (AOC) and CAR145 Approved Maintenance Organization. ESJ was a specialist in hostile areas with extensive experience in the Afghanistan territory and operated daily scheduled charter flights for AeroTech Aviation connecting Dubai with the military airfields of Kandahar, Bagram and Camp Bastion in Afghanistan. Eastern SkyJets was a key regional
17170862
SkyJet Airlines


Magnum Air (SkyJet), Inc., operating as SkyJet Airlines (styled as SKYJET Airlines), is Manila's first boutique airline in the Philippines that launched the Manila-Basco route for its initial operation The airline started regular commercial flights on 14 December 2012. The airline started as an air charter company for group travelers and tourists who wanted to visit Batanes. In 2012, the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) granted its air operator's certificate (AOC) to operate commercial scheduled domestic and international routes.
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SkyJet Airlines


On December 14, 2012, it started regular flights to Basco, the capital of the province of Batanes. At the time, SkyJet was the only airline flying to this far-northern area of the Philippines. After few months, SkyJet also launched its inaugural flights to Coron, Palawan, Virac, Catanduanes and Boracay (Caticlan). SkyJet also started charter flights for the guests of Balesin Island, a high-end exclusive-membership island club. In December 2013, businessman-politician Hon. Dino Reyes Chua led
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SkyJet Airlines


a group of investors and took over the company and relaunched the airline company as Manila's first boutique airline. In 2014, Hon. Dino Reyes Chua was named as the new president of the airline. On 15 August 2014, SkyJet launched its first international flight to Taiwan, but during its inaugural chartered flight between Kalibo, Aklan, Philippines and Taiwan, the pilot detected abnormalities with the aircraft causing delays to Taiwanese tourists. Flights were cancelled later on to assure passenger's safety. The airline was forced to halt the route
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Dino Reyes Chua


Denver Chua who also won as Cavite City Vice-Mayor by a landslide. Also a young businessman, Dino Reyes-Chua is the President & CEO of Greenbelt Hotels International which operates One Greenbelt Hotel located in Arnaiz Avenue (Pasay Road), Ayala Center, Makati City (across Greenbelt Mall) and World Trade Hotel in Batangas City (across Robinson's Supermart). He is also the President of SkyJet Airlines (Magnum Air, Inc.), the country's first boutique airline company. SkyJet launched the first and only
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Research Triangle


, Paris and London. In 1996, American Airlines ceased its hub operations at RDU due to Pan Am and Eastern Airlines. Pan Am and Eastern were Miami's main tenants until 1991, when both carriers went bankrupt. Their hubs at MIA were taken over by United Airlines and American Airlines. This created a difficulty in competing with US Airways' hub in Charlotte and Delta Air Lines' hub in Atlanta, Georgia for passengers traveling between smaller cities in the North and South. Midway Airlines entered the market, starting service in
19271873
Air Midwest


Omaha, and Manhattan, KS. By the end of 1985 the airline was operating five Saab 340's and 24 Metroliners. Although Air Midwest was unsuccessful in gaining a codeshare with Republic through the Scheduled Skyways merger, it was able to acquire codeshare agreements in 1985 with Eastern Airlines as Eastern Air Midwest Express at the Kansas City and Wichita hubs and later with Ozark Air Lines as Ozark Midwest at that carriers' St. Louis hub, and American Airlines as part of the American Eagle (airline brand) at their Nashville hub.
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Eastern Air Lines


Eastern Metro Express was operated by Metro Airlines and was based at Eastern's Atlanta (ATL) hub operating British Aerospace BAe Jetstream 31 and de Havilland Canada DHC-8-100 Dash 8 turboprops. Eastern Partner was operated by a Caribbean-based airline, Leeward Islands Air Transport (LIAT), with turboprop service between Eastern's San Juan hub and Antigua, St. Kitts and St. Maarten. Eastern also worked closely with another Caribbean-based airline, Caribair (Puerto Rico). The June 13, 1967 Eastern system timeable lists connecting
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Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport


, while Southern successor Republic was the airport's third-largest carrier. Eastern was a larger airline than Delta until deregulation in 1978, but Delta was early to adopt the hub and spoke route system, with Atlanta as a hub between the Midwest and Florida, giving it an advantage in the Atlanta market. Eastern ceased operations in 1991 due to labor issues; American Airlines considered establishing an Atlanta hub around that time, but decided Delta was too strong there and instead replaced Eastern's other hub in Miami, leaving Delta with
13225622
Roswell International Air Center


service with major airlines to provide nonstop regional jet flights to a major hub. American Eagle, the feeder carrier for American Airlines responded and began service on Sep. 5, 2007 with two daily flights to Dallas/Ft. Worth on 50-seat Embraer 145s. The service did so well that a third flight was added only seven months later. Mesa Airlines then ended all of their Roswell service on the last day of 2007 which left no flights to Albuquerque. At the request of Roswell city officials, American Eagle began a westbound flight
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Sichuan Airlines


Sichuan Airlines Co., Ltd. Group became the major shareholder (40%). The other shareholders are China Southern Airlines (39%), China Eastern Airlines (10%), Air China Group (10%) and Chengdu Gingko Restaurant Co. (1%). Sichuan Airlines' corporate headquarters is located in its hub Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport in Chengdu, Sichuan and its secondary hubs are at Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport and Kunming Changshui International Airport. Sichuan Airlines owns Chengdu Airlines as its subsidiary, which also has its hub
20104171
Brockway Air


hub located at the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport (DFW) in Texas via its wholly owned Metroflight division as well as operating a subsidiary under contract to Eastern Airlines as Eastern Metro Express with a hub located at the Atlanta Hartsfield International Airport (ATL). The airline holding company which controlled Metro Airlines and Metroflight purchased Brockway Air in the summer of 1989 and changed Brockway's name to Metro Air Northeast. That move coincided with a new codeshare relationship with Trans World Airlines (TWA) under the TWExpress banner and the airline's
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Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport


Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport is the major international airport serving Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, China. Located about southwest of downtown Chengdu to the north of Shuangliu District, Shuangliu airport is an important aviation hub for Western China. Shuangliu Airport is one of the two core hubs for Air China, together with Beijing, as well as the main hub and headquarters for Sichuan Airlines and Chengdu Airlines. China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines, Lucky Air and Tibet Airlines also have bases at Shuangliu Airport. Chengdu
4209276
Provincetown-Boston Airlines


). Continental then began the process of consolidating its four commuter carriers (PBA, Bar Harbor, Britt, Rocky Mountain) into one consolidated Continental Express carrier, serving its main hubs at Newark, Houston, and Denver. The combined carrier operated using the Britt Airways operating certificate. In the consolidation, PBA's Florida routes were spun off to Eastern Airlines, and continued to operate using Bar Harbor Airways aircraft and operating certificate as Eastern Express until the demise of Eastern Airlines. The PBA hubs at Boston and LaGuardia continued to
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China Eastern Airlines


China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited (, colloquially known as /) is an airline headquartered in the China Eastern Airlines Building, on the grounds of Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport in Changning District, Shanghai. It is a major Chinese airline operating international, domestic and regional routes. Its main hubs are at Shanghai Pudong International Airport and Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport. China Eastern Airlines is China's second-largest carrier by passenger numbers. China Eastern and its subsidiary Shanghai Airlines became the 14th member of SkyTeam on 21 June 2011. The parent
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Midway Airlines (1993–2003)


Ft. Worth and Denver. Due to competition and limited gate space, Midway moved to Durham, North Carolina, and set up a hub at Raleigh-Durham International Airport (RDU) in 1995. (Midway eventually moved its headquarters to Morrisville, North Carolina.) Midway's arrival at RDU coincided with the closure of an American Airlines hub, as they focused their assets in MIA after taking over the former Eastern Airlines hub. For several years Midway partnered with American Airlines and offered American Airlines AAdvantage miles in the RDU
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Jat Airways


2003. In 2004, Belgrade based Intair Link Airlines was merged into Jat, one year after Intair Link had begun service. Jat sold its last DC-10-30 on 24 June 2005 to France-based company TAT Industries. During 2005, the company also phased out all remaining Boeing 727s and DC-9s. The last airworthy DC-9-32 was leased to the United Arab Emirates company Eastern SkyJets. By then, Jat Airways was not a member of any alliances or partnerships but did code share on some routes with Adria Airways,
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Alcazar (airline)


's hub at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport would become the main hub for flights to South America, while Austrian's hub at Vienna International Airport would become the main hub for flights to Eastern Europe. The airlines operated three different long-haul aircraft: SAS used Boeing 767s, Swissair McDonnell Douglas MD-11s, while KLM operated Boeing 747 aircraft. Other non-conformities between the airlines included SAS using Amadeus and KLM using Galileo as their computer reservations system. To resolve issues with the labour unions, the airlines decided to organize the company with
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China Eastern Airlines


It is thought that this was due to the massive effort made by Air China to buy the 24% stake. On 11 June 2009, it was announced that China Eastern Airlines would merge with Shanghai Airlines. The merger of China Eastern and Shanghai Airlines was expected to reduce excess competition between the two Shanghai-based carriers while consolidating Shanghai's status as an international aviation hub. In February 2010 the merger was completed. Shanghai Airlines became a wholly owned subsidiary of China Eastern Airlines. However, Shanghai Airlines retained its brand and
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Miami International Airport


in 1986, ultimately forced the airline into bankruptcy in 1989. In the midst of Eastern's turmoil American Airlines CEO Bob Crandall sought a new hub in order to utilize new aircraft which AA had on order. AA studies indicated that Delta Air Lines would provide strong competition on most routes from Eastern's hub at Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport in Atlanta, but that MIA had many key routes only served by Eastern. American announced that it would establish a base at MIA in August 1988. Lorenzo considered selling Eastern's profitable Latin
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P.C. Air


P.C. Air was a Thai charter airline based at Suvarnabhumi Airport that operated from 2010 to 2012. The airline was founded by Khun Peter Chan ("P.C.") in 2010. In January 2012, the PC Air's sole aircraft was impounded at South Korea's Incheon International Airport, leaving its passengers without alternative transport. The airline sued its Korean sales agent, Skyjet, and oil company Jae Sin for 1.5 billion baht in compensation for damage to its reputation. Despite attempts to find an investor, the airline ceased operations entirely
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Shanghai Pudong International Airport


Shanghai Pudong International Airport is one of two international airports of Shanghai and a major aviation hub of China. Pudong Airport mainly serves international flights, while the city's other major airport Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport mainly serves domestic and regional flights. Located about east of the city center, Pudong Airport occupies a site adjacent to the coastline in eastern Pudong. The airport is operated by Shanghai Airport Authority (, ). The airport is the main hub for China Eastern Airlines and Shanghai Airlines, and a major international hub for Air China
3118830
Transportation in Calgary


YYC) is the only international airport in the Calgary Region and one of only two in the province. The airport is WestJet Airlines's main base and largest hub, and acts as an Air Canada hub. In total, about 20 passenger airlines have regular scheduled flights to and from the airport. It is also a major hub for several cargo airlines including DHL, FedEx, Purolator, and United Parcel Service. The airport primarily connects Western Canada with non-stop flights to Eastern Canada, 18 major American cities, as
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Transport hub


Airlines previously operated such cooperative "through plane" interchange flights on both domestic and/or international services in the past with these schedules appearing in their respective system timetables. Delta Air Lines pioneered the hub and spoke system for aviation in 1955 from its hub in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, in an effort to compete with Eastern Air Lines. FedEx adopted the hub and spoke model for overnight package delivery during the 1970s. When the United States airline industry was deregulated in 1978, Delta's hub and spoke paradigm was annexed by several
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Chengdu


, Shanghai and Guangzhou were regarded as the Tier One Cities in terms of real estate market in mainland China. Chengdu is served by the Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport located in Shuangliu County southwest of downtown. Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport is the busiest airport in Central and Western China and the . Shuangliu Airport is one of the two core hubs for Air China, together with Beijing, as well as the main hub and headquarters for Sichuan Airlines. Chengdu Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines, Lucky Air and
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Southeastern Airlines


Southeastern Airlines was a regional airline that was acquired by Atlantic Southeast Airlines, a Delta Connection carrier, on April 1, 1983. It was formed in 1982 by Atlanta entrepreneur Michael J. Brady, who had formerly been head of Eastern Metro Express, a feeder for Eastern Airlines. The airline was originally known as Southeastern Commuter Airlines, but the "Commuter" part was dropped at some point before the merge with ASA. Southeastern served many cities in the southeast, mostly in the state of Georgia, using Atlanta as a hub
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Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport


Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport is one of two international airports of Shanghai and an important airline hub of China. Hongqiao Airport mainly serves domestic and regional flights, with limited international flights. It is located near the town of Hongqiao in Changning District, west of downtown, and is closer to the city center than Shanghai Pudong International Airport, Shanghai's main international airport. Hongqiao Airport is a hub for China Eastern Airlines, Shanghai Airlines, Juneyao Airlines and Spring Airlines. In 2016, Hongqiao Airport handled 40,460,135 passengers, making it the
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Miami International Airport


domestic hub for its regional affiliate American Eagle in the U.S.A. It also serves as a focus city for Avianca, Frontier Airlines, and LATAM, both for passengers and cargo operations. In the past, it has been a hub for Braniff International Airways, Eastern Air Lines, Air Florida, the original National Airlines, the original Pan American World Airways ("Pan Am"), United Airlines, Iberia Airlines and Fine Air. The first airport on the site of MIA opened in the 1920s and was known as Miami City
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Beijing Daxing International Airport


effectively making both airports hubs. This was confirmed in 2016, when the Civil Aviation Administration of China announced that China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines and Xiamen Airlines along with other SkyTeam airlines would move to the new airport, while Air China and other Star Alliance carriers would remain at Capital. China Southern, China Eastern and Beijing Capital Airlines' intentions to move to Daxing were confirmed by a Xinhua report in December 2017. Ten passenger airlines (China Southern Airlines, China United Airlines, Shanghai Airlines, Beijing Capital Airlines,
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China Eastern Airlines


livery. The new combined airline was expected to have over half of the market share in Shanghai, the financial hub of China. In March 2012, it was announced that China Eastern was forging a strategic alliance with the Qantas Group to set up Jetstar Hong Kong, a new low cost airline to be based at Hong Kong International Airport, which would commence operations in 2013. China Eastern would hold a 50% stake in the new airline, with the Qantas Group holding the other 50%, representing a total investment of
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Kansas City International Airport


-highest number of passengers at the airport, currently serving 10 destinations nonstop. This airport was a hub for the now defunct Braniff Airways, Eastern Air Lines, TWA and Vanguard Airlines. It was also a hub for US Airways, Frontier Airlines and Midwest Airlines. TWA (through its successor American Airlines) continued to use the overhaul base until September 24, 2010 when they closed all operations at the overhaul facility, moved 900 employees to Tulsa, Oklahoma, and laid off the rest. Smith Electric Vehicles leased the facility
4389064
Tallinn Airport


Tallinn Airport (, ) or Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport () is the largest airport in Estonia and serves as a hub for the national airline Nordica, as well as the secondary hub for AirBaltic and LOT Polish Airlines. It was also the home base of the now defunct national airline Estonian Air. Tallinn Airport is open to both domestic and international flights. It is located southeast of the centre of Tallinn on the eastern shore of Lake Ülemiste. It was formerly known as "Ülemiste Airport". The airport has a single
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Eastern Australia Airlines


Eastern Australia Airlines Pty Ltd is an airline based on the grounds of Sydney Airport in Mascot, New South Wales, Australia. It is a regional domestic airline serving sixteen destinations within Australia under the QantasLink banner; and since December 2015 six destinations in New Zealand, on behalf of Jetstar Airways. Its main base is Sydney Airport, with a hub at Melbourne Airport. The airline was established and started operations in 1949. It began in Tamworth as a one-aircraft, one-pilot operation, known as Tamworth Air Taxi
6265135
Charlotte, North Carolina


and widening in the eastern part of the city. Charlotte Douglas International Airport is the sixth busiest airport in both the U.S. and the world overall as measured by traffic (aircraft movements). It is served by many domestic and international airlines including Air Canada, Volaris, and Lufthansa. It is a major hub for American Airlines, having historically been a hub for its predecessors US Airways and Piedmont Airlines. Nonstop flights are available to many destinations across the United States, Canada, Central America, the Caribbean, Europe, Mexico
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Xi'an Xianyang International Airport


Xi'an Xianyang International Airport is the main airport serving Xi'an, the capital of China's Shaanxi Province, as well as the whole Guanzhong area. Covering an area of , it is the largest airport in Northwest China, and the second largest airport in Northern China. The airport was the hub for China Northwest Airlines until the company was merged into China Eastern Airlines in 2002. Xi'an Airport is also the hub for Joy Air and Hainan Airlines. Xi'an Xianyang International Airport is a Skytrax 4-star airport. In 2018, the airport handled
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Nashville International Airport


IATA code (BNA) is short for Berry Field Nashville, and the military facilities at the airport are still commonly known by this name. In 1989 a new parallel runway (2R/20L) was opened for use. American Airlines announced in 1985 that it would establish a hub at Nashville, investing $115 million to develop a new 15-gate concourse and applying for $50 million in federal funds to build a new 10,000-foot runway. The hub was intended to compete with Delta Air Lines, Eastern Airlines and Piedmont Airlines for north–
4649428
Bar Harbor Airlines


PBA through its merger with People Express, and already owned Eastern Airlines and Continental Airlines. At the time, Provincetown-Boston (PBA) was operating as Continental Express, and Bar Harbor as Eastern Express. Texas Air continued to operate the consolidated PBA/Bar Harbor as a commuter carrier for both Continental and Eastern, with hub operations at Boston, New York/LaGuardia, Newark, Philadelphia, Tampa and Miami. In October 1988, a Bar Harbor commuter flight was involved in an incident where it came much closer than
21556328
Philadelphia International Airport


in 1967 with flights to cities such as Rochester, New York, Hartford, Connecticut and to Florida until it ceased operations in November 1982. In the mid-1980s Eastern Air Lines opened a hub in Concourse C. The airline declined in the late 1980s and sold aircraft and gate leases to Chicago-based Midway Airlines. Midway operated its Philadelphia hub until it ceased operation in 1991. During the 1980s US Airways (then called USAir) built a hub at PHL. US Airways became the dominant carrier at PHL in the 1980s and 1990s
18213661
Typhoon Goni (2015)


(DSWD) pre-stocked funds, food packs, and other emergency items to be utilized in the aftermath of the typhoon. In response to the storm threat, Philippine Airlines, SKYJET Airlines, and Cebu Pacific canceled flights throughout the Philippines, 67 boats were confined to port, and most schools closed in northern Luzon. Initially, 8,426 people evacuated to emergency shelters in advance of the cyclone, drastically increasing to 397,154 people seeking shelter during the height of the storm. While stalling north of Luzon, Goni enhanced the southwest
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GeminiJets


GeminiJets is a diecast model airplane manufacturer based in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States founded in 1998 under the name of SkyJets. The product line is named GeminiJets, but ADI (Airliners Distributing Inc.) is the founding company holding the production licenses from airlines and aircraft manufacturers, including but not limited to Boeing, Airbus, McDonnell Douglas, and Embraer. ADI makes and markets aircraft in several different scales. The retailer has been one of the most popular sellers of diecast aircraft models, particularly in the 1:400 scale, however
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Beijing Daxing International Airport


hub airport in Northern China. There will be 4 runways, and 79 contact aircraft stands. The airport is 46 kilometers south of Tian'anmen Square, 26 kilometers west of downtown Langfang City, 50 kilometers northeast of Xiong'an New Area, and 65 kilometers from the existing Beijing Capital International Airport, and is expected to serve Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. It will serve as a hub for SkyTeam alliance airlines (except China Eastern Airlines), while Star Alliance members will stay at the existing Beijing Capital International Airport. Hainan Airlines
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Midway Airlines (1976–1991)


wafer mints and hot hand towels for the entire cabin, both of which had originally caught on with Midway's business clientele. In June 1989, Midway Airlines agreed to purchase a hub operation at Philadelphia International Airport in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for $100 million along with $100 million worth of DC-9 jets from the bankrupt Eastern Air Lines. The company began hub operations in Philadelphia in November 1989. However, less than a year later, competition with the US Airways Philadelphia hub, coupled with rising jet fuel prices following the
21769993
Panama City–Bay County International Airport


nonstop to Pensacola and Tallahassee and direct to Tampa and Miami. Metro Airlines (Eastern Metro Express for Eastern Airlines) was flying BAe Jetstream 31s and Dash 8s nonstop between Panama City and Atlanta beginning in the mid 1980s. In 1986 Republic Airlines was acquired by and merged into Northwest Airlines which in 1987 flew Douglas DC-9-10s and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s nonstop between Panama City and its hub in Memphis. Air New Orleans (Continental Express for Continental Airlines) was flying Beechcraft C99s nonstop to Orlando and Tampa and direct to
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Braniff (1983–1990)


Inc., moved its headquarters back to Dallas Love Field in December 1983, and remained there until the move to Orlando, Florida. The airline had begun moving its hub operation from DFW Airport to Kansas City and Orlando as a result of the merger with Florida Express. Eastern Airlines had abandoned its large hub at Kansas City International Airport and Braniff was positioned to step in and take over two of the three circular terminals at the midwest airport. In September 1989, the airline filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, immediately laid off
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Transport hub


or more airlines where a single aircraft was used with the individual airlines operating it with their own flight crews on their respective portions of a direct, no change of plane multi-stop flight. In the U.S., a number of air carriers including Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, Braniff International Airways, Continental Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Eastern Airlines, Frontier Airlines (1950-1986), Hughes Airwest, National Airlines (1934-1980), Pan Am, Trans World Airlines (TWA), United Airlines and Western
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Ghana Airways


, thanks to a wet-lease contract, renewed in January 1986, which saw the aircraft operating twice-weekly services to Barbados from London's Gatwick Airport in between its regular Accra–London rotations. Flights to the United States began in September 1994, when the airline began operations to JFK International Airport in New York City with DC-10s leased from Skyjet on a twice-weekly basis. At this time, Düsseldorf and Harare were also featured on the airline's route network. For its flights to New York City, the
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Airline hub


airline. However, as an airline expands operations at its primary hub to the point that it experiences capacity limitations, it may elect to open secondary hubs. Examples of such hubs are Turkish Airlines' Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen hub, British Airways' hub at London-Gatwick, Air India's hub at Mumbai and Lufthansa's hub at Munich. By operating multiple hubs, airlines can expand their geographic reach. They can also better serve spoke–spoke markets, providing more itineraries with connections at different hubs. A given hub
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China Southern Airlines


China Southern Airlines Company Limited is an airline headquartered in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Established on 1 July 1988 following the restructuring of the CAAC Airlines that acquired and merged a number of domestic airlines, the airline became one of China's "Big Three" airlines (alongside Air China and China Eastern Airlines), the world's seventh-largest airline measured by passengers carried and Asia's largest airline in fleet size, revenue and passengers carried. With its main hubs at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and Beijing
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Spoke–hub distribution paradigm


trip between departure and destination points. The time spent at the hub increases the duration of the journey. Moreover, the importance of the hub operating efficiently means that delays can have more troublesome consequences, such as missing a connecting bus, flight, or train. In 1955, Delta Air Lines pioneered the hub and spoke system at its hub in Atlanta, Georgia, in an effort to compete with Eastern Air Lines. In the mid-1970s FedEx adopted the hub and spoke model for overnight package delivery. After the airline industry was
3213880
Portland International Airport


Coast stop. As United Airlines made plans to end Tokyo service from Portland, Delta Air Lines applied to begin Atlanta-Tokyo service via Portland using Lockheed L-1011 aircraft. Like United Airlines, Delta Air Lines lacked aircraft that could fly to Japan nonstop from the eastern United States; Delta Air Lines also lacked a West Coast hub at the time, and saw Portland as favorable international and domestic hub over Seattle, which was dominated by Northwest Airlines. After beginning Tokyo service in 1986, Delta Air Lines added a flight to Seoul
19188683
Eastern Air Lines


flights operated by Caribair Convair 640 turboprops with service between Eastern's San Juan hub and St. Croix and St. Thomas. By 1970, San Juan-based Caribair had become an all-jet airline operating McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 aircraft serving fourteen Caribbean islands as well as Miami with the air carrier subsequently being acquired by Eastern in 1973. As Eastern Air Lines flew to Cuba, the airline suffered numerous hijackings in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. In 2011, a group purchased the intellectual property, including trademarks, of Eastern
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Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport


, Virgin Atlantic, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Air Europa, Monarch Airlines, Thomsonfly, PAWA Dominicana, ACES Colombia, BWIA West Indies Airways, ALM Antillean Airlines, Air Jamaica, Viasa, Aeropostal, Volaris, LACSA, Aerolíneas Argentinas, Dominicana De Aviación, Wardair, ATA Airlines, Northwest Airlines, Continental Airlines, National Airlines (N8), AirTran Airways, and US Airways. With the expansion of Eastern Airlines and American Airlines facilities, turning Puerto Rico into their Caribbean hub, the historic figure of eight million passengers at
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Dino Reyes Chua


Long, Makati, Executive Producer of Delta Records Corp. and developer/President of DeltaLand Realty Corporation (owner of Villa Tanza Executive Homes). He is now the President of SKYJET Airlines, Manila's Boutique Leisure Airline. Dino Reyes Chua finished his high school at San Sebastian College De Cavite in 1996 and graduated his bachelor's degree in Business Administration from De La Salle University-CSB in Taft Avenue, Manila. He also earned units of Bachelor of Law at San Beda College of Law. He also finished his Executive Education
14949379
Miami International Airport


American routes to AA as part of a Chapter 11 reorganization of Eastern in early 1989, but backed out in a last-ditch effort to rebuild the MIA hub. The effort quickly proved futile, and American purchased the routes (including the route authority between Miami and London then held by Eastern sister company Continental Airlines) in a liquidation of Eastern which was completed in 1990. Later in the 1990s, American transferred more employees and equipment to MIA from its failed domestic hubs at Nashville, Tennessee and Raleigh–Durham, North
6357134
Airline hub


Airline hubs or hub airports are used by one or more airlines to concentrate passenger traffic and flight operations at a given airport. They serve as transfer (or stop-over) points to get passengers to their final destination. It is part of the hub-and-spoke system. An airline operates flights from several non-hub (spoke) cities to the hub airport, and passengers traveling between spoke cities need to connect through the hub. This paradigm creates economies of scale that allow an airline to serve (via
15530804
Skybus Airlines


lagging economy and rising fuel costs as causes. Taking advantage of America West Airlines pulling down its Columbus, Ohio, hub, its founder, John Weikle, started raising capital to start the airline in that city. Two years later, the Skybus board hired Bill Diffenderffer as its CEO. Diffenderffer's prior airline experience was as in-house counsel for Eastern Airlines and CEO of Continental Airlines System One Reservations. At the time Skybus began operations it was the most heavily capitalized (funded) airline in US history. Its founder
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Sichuan


is the 4th-busiest airport in mainland China. It was among the world's top 30 busiest airports in 2015, and the busiest in western and central China. It was also the fifth-busiest airport in terms of cargo traffic in China for 2013. Chengdu airport is the hub of Sichuan Airlines, Chengdu Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines, Tibet Airlines, China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Lucky Air and Air China. Besides, Chengdu Tianfu International Airport is still under construction. Chengdu airports are also 144-hour transit visa
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China Cargo Airlines


China Cargo Airlines () sometimes as abbreviated 中货航 (in English as "CCA"), is a cargo airline with its head office on Hongqiao International Airport in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. It is China's first all-cargo airline operating dedicated freight services using China Eastern Airlines route structure. Its base is at Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, with a hub at Shanghai Pudong International Airport. The airline was established on 30 July 1998 and started operations in October 1998. It was founded as, and remains,
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Transport hub


airports function as intra-modular hubs for the airlines, or airline hubs. This is a common strategy among network airlines who fly only from limited number of airports and usually will make their customers change planes at one of their hubs if they want to get between two cities the airline doesn't fly directly between. Airlines have extended the hub-and-spoke model in various ways. One method is to create additional hubs on a regional basis, and to create major routes between the hubs. This reduces the need to
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Mihin Lanka


Mihin Lanka was a low-fare leisure airline based in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It was owned by the Sri Lankan government. The airline operated scheduled flights from its hub at Bandaranaike International Airport to a number of cities in the Indian subcontinent, the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Africa. It code-shared with its partner SriLankan Airlines on several routes, as part of a consolidation exercise between the two airlines. The airline was plagued by financial losses, debt, waste, and corruption
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Hong Kong International Airport


-Pacific cargo hubs for UPS Airlines. It is a focus city for many airlines, including China Airlines and China Eastern Airlines. Singapore Airlines, Ethiopian Airlines and Air India utilise Hong Kong as a stopover point for their flights. HKIA is an important contributor to Hong Kong's economy, with approximately 65,000 employees. More than 100 airlines operate flights from the airport to over 180 cities across the globe. In 2015, HKIA handled 68.5 million passengers, making it the 8th busiest airport worldwide by passenger traffic. Since 2010,
13225749
History of American Airlines


great company that does important work. But airlines are not an investment.'" Crandall noted that since airline deregulation of the 1970s, 150 airlines had gone out of business. "A lot of people came into the airline business. Most of them promptly exited, minus their money", he said. Miami International Airport became a hub after American Airlines bought Central and South American routes ("El Interamericano") from Eastern Air Lines in 1990 (inherited from Braniff International Airways but originated by Pan American-Grace Airways
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Singapore Airlines Cargo


, whose belly hold cargo space SIA Cargo markets. Sharjah, Amsterdam, and (to a lesser extent) Brussels are hubs for the Middle Eastern and European regions respectively. Additionally, as SIA Cargo manages the cargo holds of all Singapore Airlines passenger aircraft, the company offers cargo product services to all destinations on the Singapore Airlines passenger network. Singapore Airlines Cargo codeshares with the following airlines: As of 30 April 2018, the Singapore Airlines Cargo fleet consists of the following aircraft: In 1992 SIA Cargo bought a Boeing 737-
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Fort Wayne International Airport


Fort Worth International Airport (which opened that year) on Boeing 727s. Along with Delta, United, and later American, locally based Hub Airlines and other regional airlines flew to the airport in the 1960s and 1970s. The airport was the largest in Indiana not served by airlines classified as local service airlines by the Civil Aeronautics Board (e.g. Allegheny Airlines and Ozark Air Lines). Eastern Air Lines was the only CAB regulation-era "Big Four" airline that never served Baer Field. In 1981, Baer Field's
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Shanghai Airlines


officially welcomed as the 19th member of Star Alliance, which consolidated the alliance's presence in the Shanghai market. On 11 June 2009, it was announced that Shanghai Airlines would merge with China Eastern Airlines. The merger of the two airlines was expected to reduce excess competition between the two Shanghai-based carriers, and allow them to compete more effectively with domestic rivals Air China and China Southern Airlines. It was also aimed at consolidating Shanghai's status as an international aviation hub. In February 2010, the merger was completed.
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George Stanley Gordon


Gordon's retirement from the advertisement business he turned his attention to the airline business of which he had become very experienced from his position at Eastern Airlines and from working on the Braniff account. In 1985, he formed East Hampton Aire, based at Wainscott, New York. Gordon created a revolutionary marketing strategy at East Hampton Aire. He pioneered the concept of operating airline hubs at smaller outlying airports. The innovation caught the attention of Houston, Texas-based Continental Airlines who bought Gordon's airline in 1993. In 1999,
20800572
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol


a dedicated non-Schengen area and has 14 gates. It is typically home to SkyTeam hub airlines Delta Air Lines and KLM, along with other members, such as China Airlines and China Southern Airlines. Other Middle Eastern and Asian airlines such as EVA Air, Etihad Airways, Iran Air and Air Astana also typically operate out of Pier E. Departure Hall 3 consists of three piers: F, G, and H/M. Pier F has 8 gates and is typically dominated by SkyTeam members such as primary airline KLM, Kenya
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Airline hub


passengers. However, with the term's expanded usage, a focus city may also function as a small-scale or total hub. Allegiant Air, JetBlue and Southwest Airlines are examples of US-based airlines that consider some of their focus cities run like a hub. The hub-and-spoke system allows an airline to serve fewer routes, so fewer aircraft are needed. The system also increases passenger loads; a flight from a hub to a spoke carries not just passengers originating at the hub, but also passengers
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Transport in Uzbekistan


meters. The largest of them, Tashkent International Airport, is linked with European and Middle Eastern cities by direct flights of Aeroflot, Lufthansa, and Turkish Airlines, and with New York and Los Angeles via connecting flights through Moscow. The national airline, Uzbek Havo Yollari (Uzbekistan Airlines), flies mainly within the former Soviet Union. In August 2010, Hanjin Group, the parent of Korean Airlines, opened a new cargo terminal at Navoi, which will become a cargo hub with regular Incheon-Navoi-Milan flights.
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St. Louis Lambert International Airport


. In 1979, the year after airline deregulation, STL's dominant carriers were TWA (36 routes) and Ozark (25), followed by American (17) and Eastern (12). Other carriers at STL included Air Illinois, Air Indiana, Braniff, Britt, Brower, Delta, Frontier, Northwest Orient, Republic, Texas International, Trans-Mo and USAir. After airline deregulation in 1978, airlines began to realign their operations around a hub and spoke model. Trans World Airlines (TWA) was headquartered
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Japan Airlines


) and Shanghai; and it ceased operations on four international routes, including between Tokyo (Narita) and Xi'an, and between Osaka (Kansai) and Qingdao. Domestically, JAL suspended 14 routes, including between Sapporo and Okinawa. Additionally, the airline expanded codesharing alliance with fellow Oneworld partners like American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific and Finnair, and other airlines, including Air France, China Eastern and Jetstar. In the early years, Tokyo Narita Airport had been the main hub of international and freight flights. Nowadays
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Ransome Airlines


of that year. The initial network spanned along the East Coast from Philadelphia to Norfolk, and was served using a fleet of Volpar (Beechcraft) Model 18 11-seat airliners. In August 1970, Ransome Airlines started one of its first branding partnerships with Allegheny Airlines, which would last until June 1, 1982. During that period, Ransome was branding its flights as "Allegheny Commuter", feeding into Allegheny's hub at Pittsburgh International Airport, though the point-to-point network in the north-eastern United States was
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Aegean Airlines


Aegean Airlines S.A. (, "Aeroporía Aigaíou Anónimi Etairía" ; ) is the flag carrier airline of Greece and the largest Greek airline by total number of passengers carried, by number of destinations served and by fleet size. A Star Alliance member since June 2010, it operates scheduled and charter services from Athens and Thessaloniki to other major Greek destinations as well as to a number of European and Middle Eastern destinations. Its main hubs are Athens International Airport in Athens, Macedonia International Airport in Thessaloniki and Larnaca International Airport in Cyprus.
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Boeing 727


the Boeing 727. Successor models include variants of the 737 and the 757-200. The last commercial passenger flight of the type was in January 2019. The Boeing 727 design was a compromise among United Airlines, American Airlines, and Eastern Air Lines; each of the three had developed requirements for a jet airliner to serve smaller cities with shorter runways and fewer passengers. United Airlines requested a four-engine aircraft for its flights to high-altitude airports, especially its hub at Stapleton International Airport in Denver, Colorado.
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Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport


a monopoly hub at Atlanta. From the 1980s until Eastern's demise in 1991, Delta occupied Concourse A and part of Concourse B, Eastern occupied the remainder of Concourse B and Concourse C, other domestic airlines used Concourse D, and Concourse T was used by international flights. By the mid-1990s, Delta's hub grew to occupy all of Concourse B and the southern half of Concourse T, and international flights moved to the new Concourse E. ValuJet was established in 1993 as low-cost competition for Delta at ATL. However
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Kunming Changshui International Airport


Kunming Changshui International Airport is the primary airport serving Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, China. The airport is located northeast of the city center in a graded mountainous area about above sea level. The airport opened at 08:00 (UTC+8) on June 28, 2012, replacing the old Kunming Wujiaba International Airport, which will be demolished. As a gateway to Southeast and South Asia, Changshui Airport is a hub for China Eastern Airlines, Kunming Airlines, Lucky Air, Sichuan Airlines and Ruili Airlines. The new airport has
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Paramount Airways


Paramount Airways was an airline based in Chennai, India. It operated scheduled services, mainly targeting business travellers until it ceased operations in 2010. Its hub was Chennai International Airport and was the first airline in India to launch the New Generation Embraer 170/190 Family series aircraft. The airline started operations in October 2005 with the company headquartered in Madurai. It operated to regional destinations in south and eastern India until early 2010. The airline ceased operations when legal issues arose between Paramount Airways and the lessors of their Embraer aircraft. These events
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Western Pacific Airlines


whereas Stapleton had once been a hub for airlines like the original Frontier Airlines (1950-1986) and Western Airlines. Effort was made to explore using a secondary airport as an airline's hub, taking Continental's place without incurring the high landing fees of Denver International Airport. Centennial Airport in Denver, Jeffco Airport in Broomfield and Colorado Springs Airport were considered, though Colorado Springs had been chosen as the hub for Western Pacific when the airline began. While Western Pacific's Colorado Springs hub had initially been successful and was beginning
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Siargao


In March 2017, both Cebu Pacific and SkyJet airlines commenced direct flights to Sayak Airport (SOS) Siargao island from Manila Airport (MNL), the first direct flights to the island from the capital. One of the well-known surfing waves on Siargao and the Philippines, with a reputation for thick, hollow tubes is "Cloud 9". This right-breaking reef wave is the site of the annual Siargao Cup, a domestic and international surfing competition sponsored by the provincial government of Surigao del Norte. The wave
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Airline hub


make connections en route to their final destination, which increases travel time. Additionally, airlines can come to monopolise their hubs (fortress hubs), allowing them to freely increase fares as passengers have no alternative. Airlines may operate banks of flights at their hubs, in which several flights arrive and depart within short periods of time. The banks may be known as "peaks" of activity at the hubs and the non-banks as "valleys". Banking allows for short connection times for passengers. However, an airline
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Airline hub


the airline. Other airlines that use this system include UPS Airlines, TNT Airways, Cargolux and DHL Aviation, which operate their primary hubs at Louisville, Liège, Luxembourg and Leipzig respectively. Although the term "focus city" is used to mainly refer to an airport from which an airline operates limited point-to-point routes, its usage has loosely expanded to refer to a small-scale hub as well. For example, JetBlue's New York–JFK focus city runs like a hub, although in reality it
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St. Louis Lambert International Airport


eastern security checkpoint in Terminal 1. Charles Lindbergh bought it in 1934 from the Lambert Aircraft Corporation and flew it as his personal plane. It was removed in 2018 and returned to the Missouri Historical Society, from which the plane had been on loan since 1979, for preservation purposes. Until 1998, a Ryan B-1 Brougham, a replica of the Spirit of St. Louis, hung next to the D-127. In 2008, China Cargo Airlines (a subsidiary of China Eastern Airlines) was reported to be considering a cargo hub at
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Bar Harbor Airlines


while the Newark, LaGuardia, and Boston hubs went to Continental and operated as Continental Express. Employees were given the choice of going with either the Eastern Express division or the Continental Express portion of Bar Harbor. The Bar Harbor Airlines name and operating certificate ironically went to Eastern for the Florida operation. Continental then merged the New England portion of Bar Harbor and PBA with its other commuter carriers: Britt Airways (based in Terre Haute, Indiana) and Rocky Mountain Airways (based in Denver), and operated Continental Express under
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Caribair (Puerto Rico)


flew one flight six days a week from San Juan to New Orleans with continuing, no-change-of-plane service depending on the day of the week to Dallas, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Eastern bought Caribair's entire fleet and by 1980, Eastern had established a hub at Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport (SJU) in San Juan. Other local airlines such as Prinair, Air Puerto Rico and Fina Air attempted to follow in Caribair's footsteps as Puerto Rico's main international airline; however, none were
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Xpress Air


Xpress Air established itself as a Domestic Regular Airline that offers direct flights to the Eastern parts of Indonesia, with its first leap in the year 2005 and from 2014 served international routes to Malaysia. Beginning with its two Boeing 737s, Xpress Air became the first privately owned, scheduled airline that connects Jakarta to 24 domestic destinations like Makassar (formerly known as Ujung Pandang), Ternate, Sorong, Manokwari, and Jayapura. Makassar serves as a main hub for all flights coming from Java islands to the Eastern cities of Indonesia,
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Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport


as a hub for Pan Am, Trans Caribbean Airways, Eastern Air Lines, and for a short period a focus city for TWA. It was also the center for Puerto Rico's international airline, Prinair, from 1966 to 1984, when Prinair went bankrupt. In 1986, American Airlines together with American Eagle established a center in Puerto Rico to compete with Eastern Air Lines. In the past, the airport has been served by Mexicana de Aviación, Lufthansa, Air France, KLM, Martinair, British Airways, British Caledonian
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Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport


commonly referred to as the Eastern Triangle. The airport is also a gateway for flights to the eastern Arctic via Iqaluit. While Ottawa's airport serves many major North American airlines and has flights to Europe, and several cities in the United States, Ottawa is only the fifth-largest metropolitan area of Canada and is not a hub for any airline. Non-stop and same-plane freighter and/or combi flights OC Transpo bus route 97 provides frequent express service to downtown along a dedicated transitway with connections to the O-Train
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John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport


to Hamilton in 1996 before the company folded in 1997. In 1996, Hamilton-Wentworth signed a contract with a private company to manage and operate it for 40 years. The consortium consisted of WestPark Developments, Vancouver Airport Authority and TradePort International Corporation Ltd., a subsidiary of Vantage Airport Group, which manages 10 airports. In 2000 WestJet expanded to Canada's eastern region, choosing Hamilton as the airline's eastern region hub, and flying to destinations from Newfoundland and Labrador to British Columbia. Continental Airlines also offered service to Cleveland
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Airline hub


is still deemed as a focus city. A fortress hub exists when an airline controls a significant majority of the market at one of its hubs. Competition is particularly difficult at fortress hubs. Examples include Delta hubs at Atlanta, Salt Lake City, Detroit, and Minneapolis–Saint Paul; American Airlines hubs at Charlotte, Dallas–Fort Worth, Washington-National, and Philadelphia; and United hubs at Denver, San Francisco, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, and Washington–Dulles. Flag carriers have historically enjoyed similar dominance
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United Express


soon floundered. In response, WestAir formed an eastern division to serve Dulles. WestAir itself experienced turmoil; in 1991 it spun off the new division into an independent company, Atlantic Coast Airlines (ACA), which years later would go on to become Independence Air. In 1992, Great Lakes Airlines became a United Express partner, followed by Trans States Airlines the following year. In 1997, as United officially designated Los Angeles International Airport one of its hubs, SkyWest Airlines became a United Express partner as well. Great Lakes
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Pride Air


reconsidered when Eastern Airlines began building up their service at Kansas City. Operations began on August 1, 1985. Pride Air did not initially offer service as a low-cost carrier and was instead structured more as a full service airline. However, due to increased competition from Continental Airlines in the New Orleans market in tandem with low initial passenger loads, Pride Air suspended operations on November 15, 1985, only three months after it began flying. The business plan for the airline centered on a hub operation in New Orleans which
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UPS Airlines


) had turned a profit, showcasing that package delivery companies did not have to exclusively rely on commercial aircraft to transport their volume. In 1978, the Airline Deregulation Act gave UPS a significant opportunity: the company could now establish its own airline and flying from city to city would require far fewer legislative hurdles as the federal government now encouraged competition between airlines. In 1980, UPS opened its first major hub for sorting packages transported by aircraft, located in Louisville, Kentucky. Located at the westernmost point of the Eastern time zone
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Qingdao Liuting International Airport


Qingdao Liuting International Airport is the main international airport serving the city of Qingdao in Shandong Province, China. It is about from the city center and serves as a hub for Shandong Airlines, Beijing Capital Airlines and Qingdao Airlines as well as a focus city for China Eastern Airlines. From 2004 to 2006, the airport underwent an expansion of its terminal as well as adding more parking spaces which was part of its initial 2010 goal to expand Liuting Airport to handle 5.2 million passengers annually or 2400 passengers and almost 120,000 tons of cargo
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Ural Airlines


main hubs of Ural Airlines are Moscow-Domodedovo and Yekaterinburg. In plans of Ural Airlines is to increase its number of hubs, by developing hubs at Moscow-Sheremetyevo and Moscow-Zhukovsky. A million passengers per year was first achieved in 2006. Since then, the airline and its passenger numbers have both grown. In 2013, the airline transported 4.419 million passengers, the sixth most in Russia that year. Passengers transported from 2007-2016: Ural Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines: As of October 2018
21136712
Airline hub


In past history, carriers have maintained niche, time-of-day operations at hubs. The most notable is America West's use of McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas as a primary night-flight hub to increase aircraft utilization rates far beyond those of competing carriers. In 1974, the governments of Bahrain, Oman, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates took control of Gulf Air from the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). Gulf Air became the flag carrier of the four Middle Eastern nations. It linked Oman,
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Dino Reyes Chua


Dino Carlo Reyes Chua (born September 28, 1980) is a Filipino businessman and politician and the current Mayor of Noveleta, Cavite. He is the president of SkyJet Airlines, and also the owner of El Palacio Resort in Coastal Bay, Noveleta, Cavite and One Greenbelt Hotel in Ayala Center, Makati City. He is also the president of World Trade Hotels international. In 2004, he became the youngest Vice Mayor of Cavite City at the age of 23. In 2010, he also served as No. 1 Provincial
14949369
XplorAsia Airways


to airports that cannot be reached by jet aircraft flying to former destinations such as Godofredo P. Ramos Airport in Aklan and Puerto Princesa Airport in Palawan as well as chartered flights to Incheon International Airport in Incheon, South Korea. The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) ordered the suspension of the SkyJet's and Seair's Air Operator's Certificate effective May 18, 2015 due to various safety shortcomings that did not meet the safety standards under the Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations. The following month, the CAAP lifted the airline
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Flexjet


fractional ownership and jet card but also aircraft charter services. Flexjet entered the charter market in 2000, when Bombardier Aerospace acquired Skyjet, which pioneered the online booking of private jet charters. Under Bombardier, Skyjet became one of the first companies to offer a membership program; eventually, the program became the Skyjet Card. By 2002, Flexjet had seen 20 percent annual growth since its founding. It employed more than 1,000 people, half of them flight crew members, and operated a fleet of 105 aircraft to serve 640 owners.
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Airline hub


connection times are longer at a rolling hub. American Airlines was the first to depeak its hubs, trying to improve profitability following the September 11 attacks. It rebanked its hubs in 2015, however, feeling the gain in connecting passengers would outweigh the rise in costs. The hub-and-spoke system is also used by some cargo airlines. FedEx Express established its main hub in Memphis in 1973, prior to the deregulation of the air cargo industry in the United States. The system has created an efficient delivery system for
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