Smith's dwarf chameleon [SEP] IUCN conservation status
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Brookesia lambertoni


Brookesia lambertoni, commonly known as the Fito leaf chameleon, is a species of chameleon, a lizard in the family Chamaeleonidae. The species is endemic to Fito in eastern Madagascar. It was first described in 1970 by and . It is rated as Data Deficient (DD) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), as not enough data on the species have been collected to judge its conservation status. The Fito leaf chameleon is endemic to Fito, Toamasina, Madagascar, and its type locality is Fito.
9955935
Brookesia exarmata


Brookesia exarmata, also known as the dwarf chameleon, is a species of chameleon endemic to Madagascar. It was first described by Schimmenti and Jesu in 1996, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classed it as an endangered species of animal. "Brookesia exarmata" is endemic to Madagascar, where it is only found in its type localities, which is the River Ambodyreana, Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve, in west-central Madagascar. It can be found over an area of , and the
9955845
Karoo dwarf chameleon


1997), but among the South African dwarf chameleons, these two are by no means closely related. Rather, the Karoo dwarf chameleon belongs to a group of mostly short-tailed drab "Bradypodion" species which mostly inhabit semiarid to arid habitats. Its closest living relatives among these appear to be the peculiar and nearly extinct Smith's dwarf chameleon from mountainous habitat, and especially the southern dwarf chameleon. The Karoo dwarf chameleon may actually be a subspecies of the latter; there appears to be significant gene flow between the two
10814533
Bradypodion


the others; it occurs in coastal regions from north of the Cape species through Namaqualand. This is probably still a part of a single radiation which brought about all the aridland taxa, and eventually Smith's dwarf chameleon. The remaining species are all small inhabitants of forested slopes and fynbos, such as the black-headed and Smith's dwarf chameleons. However, as already indicated by the distinctness of these two, their morphologies seem to be a convergent adaptation. The Kentani and Transkei dwarf chameleons from the east coasts of Eastern
16195961
List of reptiles of North America


This is a checklist of American reptiles found north from Mexico, based primarily on SSAR publications. It includes all species of the United States and Canada, including recently introduced species such as Chameleons, the Nile monitor, and the Burmese python. Subspecies are listed only in a few cases. The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site. * alien species Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: and Endangered Species Act: Order
20700343
Bradypodion


to have considerable gene flow range from Northern Cape to coastal Eastern Cape provinces. The small and nearly extinct Smith's dwarf chameleon is close to these; it occurs on the escarpment inland from Jeffreys Bay. Less closely related is the Robertson dwarf chameleon, another aridland species which is found in Western Cape province inland from the range of the Cape dwarf chameleon and may be a cryptic species complex, and an undescribed population from the Swartberg Mountains. The last species with aridland apomorphies, the Namaqua dwarf chameleon, is quite distant to
16195960
Dwarf sawtail catshark


. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) does not currently have sufficient information to assess the conservation status of this species. Renowned shark expert Stewart Springer described the dwarf sawtail catshark in a 1979 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Technical Report. The type specimen is an adult male long, collected from Balayan Bay. It does not closely resemble more typical "Galeus" species, and its placement within the genus is not concrete. The dwarf sawtail catshark is endemic to Luzon in the Philippines. It is
20537596
Swartberg dwarf chameleon


The Swartberg dwarf chameleon, ("Bradypodion atromontanum") is a chameleon in the genus "Bradypodion" native to southern Africa. Taxonomy: For many years a dwarf chameleon of undetermined taxonomic status was known from the Swartberg area (Branch 1988b, 1998). A subsequent phylogenetic study resulted in its description as a new species (Branch et al. 2006b). Morphologically it can be confused with B. gutturale (Tolley & Burger 2007) but the two species are allopatric. Distribution: Endemic to the Greater and Lesser Swartberg
21468946
Dwarf sperm whale


can eject a cloud of red-brown fluid, similar to a squid. Most of what is known of the whale comes from beached individuals, as sightings in the ocean are rare. Many of these stranded whales died from parasitic infestations or heart failure. The dwarf sperm whale is hunted in small numbers around Asia. It is more threatened by ingesting or getting entangled by marine debris. No global population estimate has been made, and so its conservation status by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is data
11093782
Dwarf black stingray


a third as wide as the wide black stingray. The two species also differ in denticle coverage and meristic counts. Virtually nothing is known of the dwarf black stingray's natural history. It is presumably aplacental viviparous, with the developing embryos sustained by maternally produced histotroph ("uterine milk") as in other stingrays. Males attain sexual maturity at around across. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has not assessed the status of the dwarf black stingray. In Indonesian waters, it contributes to the bycatch of
17441870
Brookesia exarmata


habitat of the species is in decline due to logging and forest fires. "B. exarmata" can be found at elevations between above mean sea level. It is found in a protected area. The IUCN has classed "B. exarmata" as an endangered species. The dwarf chameleon is one of the smallest species in the chameleon genus "Brookesia". It has a narrow head, and is coloured beige and brown. The species is at full length, with of that being the tail. It sleeps at around above the
9955846
Pristiophorus nancyae


African dwarf sawshark. It would appear, based on the stomach samples taken in the field, that these sharks favor benthic invertebrates like small crustaceans. Nothing is known about the reproductive habits of this sawshark, though it is safe to assume that like other members of Pristiophoriformes it is ovoviviparous. As the African dwarf sawshark was only recently discovered in 2011, the IUCN Red List has yet to evaluate the conservation status of this animal. Though it is not known to be utilized for food, this shark is at great risk of
17083661
Carpet chameleon


Furcifer lateralis, also known as the carpet chameleon or the white-lined chameleon, is a species of chameleon that is endemic to Madagascar. It was described in 1831 by John Edward Gray. "Furcifer lateralis" can be mainly found in central Madagascar. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the species is found around the entirety of Madagascar except the northern part. It can be found between above sea level and has been estimated to be found over an area of , and is ranked as
9691994
Bradypodion


seem readily distinguishable by morphological characteristics, but for some time the genus was used as a wastebin taxon for smaller chameleons from sub-Saharan Africa with plesiomorphic hemipenises. Alternatively, many of the present species were reduced to subspecies status. This has since been refuted, but several more species seem recognizable judging from morphological and mitochondrial 16S rRNA and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 sequence data. The phylogeny and biogeography of this group is quite consistently resolved. The Cape dwarf chameleon and the Knysna dwarf chameleon (and possibly one new species close to
16195956
Chameleon


change signals a chameleon's physiological condition and intentions to other chameleons. Chameleons tend to show brighter colours when displaying aggression to other chameleons, and darker colours when they submit or "give up". Some species, particularly those of Madagascar and some African genera in rainforest habitats, have blue fluorescence in their skull tubercles, deriving from bones and possibly serving a signaling role. Some species, such as Smith's dwarf chameleon, adjust their colours for camouflage in accordance with the vision of the specific predator species (bird or snake
9759692
Furcifer bifidus


Furcifer bifidus is a species of chameleon that is endemic to Madagascar. It was described by Alexandre Brongniart in 1800. The International Union for Conservation of Nature have ranked this species of chameleon as Least Concern. "Furcifer bifidus" is found in east Madagascar, and there is no known type locality. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), it can be found over an area of , and is therefore ranked as a Least Concern species of animal, although it is exposed to many threats. It
9890478
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada


in Canada) and 15 wildlife species that are Extinct (X). The other category is not at risk (NAR). COSEWIC provides online updated status reports on designated species. COSEWIC bases its quantitative criteria for species' status assessment on the revised IUCN Red List, the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. COSEWIC provides International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's main authority on the conservation status of species, with a Regional Red List. IUCN.
2828846
Robertson dwarf chameleon


The Robertson dwarf chameleon, also known as the Little Karoo dwarf chameleon, ("Bradypodion gutturale") is a chameleon in the genus "Bradypodion". It is found in the dry Fynbos and Renosterveld shrub vegetation, in the centre of the Western Cape province, South Africa. A medium-sized dwarf chameleon, with a relatively robust build and a long prehensile tail, it can grow up to 15 cm in length. It is generally grey-olive in colour, but individuals have been found that vary. This
21468921
Cape dwarf chameleon


The Cape dwarf chameleon ("Bradypodion pumilum") is a chameleon native to the South African province of the Western Cape, where it is restricted to the region around Cape Town. As with most chameleons, its tongue is twice the length of its body and it can be shot out of its mouth using a special muscle in the jaw. This gives the chameleon the ability to catch insects some distance away. The Cape dwarf chameleon grows to over in length, including the tail, with males and females reaching similar adult
20901493
Knysna dwarf chameleon


Like the Cape dwarf chameleon, it seems to be a basal offshoot of the ancestral stock which gave rise to all "Bradypodion" chameleon species. The Knysna dwarf chameleon is distributed on the south-facing slopes of the Outeniqua and Tsitsikamma Mountains down to the coast in the eastern Western Cape and western Eastern Cape. The normal habitat of "Bradypodion damaranum" is Fynbos and Afromontane Forest; it is often found in gardens. This chameleon also readily adapts to living in gardens. However not all suburban areas are suitable. Chameleons
8758738
2011 Scottish Conservative Party leadership election


MSP and Liz Smith MSP endorse Murdo Fraser. 30 Aug – Liz Smith is declared as Murdo Fraser's campaign manager. 1 Sep – Gavin Brown, formerly speculated as standing in the election, states that he will not run and lends his backing to Murdo Fraser. 2 Sep – Jackson Carlaw officially launches his leadership campaign in Glasgow. 4 Sep – Murdo Fraser makes the high-profile announcement that if elected leader, he would disband the Scottish Conservatives and seek to create a new centre-right party, autonomous but allied
10722173
Camouflage


of detection by an enemy. However, missile engineers, and animals such as bats, use the method mainly for its efficiency rather than camouflage. Animals such as chameleon, frog, flatfish such as the peacock flounder, squid and octopus actively change their skin patterns and colours using special chromatophore cells to resemble their current background, or, as in most chameleons, for signalling. However, Smith's dwarf chameleon does use active colour change for camouflage. Each chromatophore contains pigment of only one colour. In fish and frogs,
6482633
Natal Midlands dwarf chameleon


have considerable variation in their colouration. Its specific name "thamnobates" means "bush-walker". In addition to the common name "Natal Midlands dwarf chameleon", it is also known under the longer common name of "KwaZulu-Natal Midlands dwarf chameleon". This is a very close relative of the black-headed dwarf chameleon ("B. melanocephalum"), which looks very different due to adaptation to low forest and fynbos on the slopes and cliffs seawards from the "B. thamnobates" range. "B.
10814568
Canopy chameleon


petteri", or a similar, undescribed species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) believe that the population of the canopy chameleon is declining. However, it is rated as Least Concern as there is not enough evidence that this species is declining fast enough to become endangered or threatened. "Furcifer willsii" is threatened by agricultural clearance and logging. "Furcifer willsii" is an arboreal species often found high in the canopy mostly in humid forests. It seems to be able to adapt to degraded habitats at
9691889
Black-headed dwarf chameleon


The black-headed dwarf chameleon ("Bradypodion melanocephalum") is a lizard of the family Chamaeleonidae endemic to KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is also known as the KwaZulu dwarf chamaeleon and Durban dwarf chameleon. This chameleon is found in the coastal areas from north of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal south and west to Mkambati Nature Reserve in the east of the Eastern Cape; it also occurs in some inland areas (KwaZulu-Natal Midlands). The current species may consist of several separate species. At least three
10700201
Natal Midlands dwarf chameleon


is the most plesiomorphic of them). Indeed, ongoing gene flow or incomplete lineage sorting is indicated between these populations. Thus it is not certain whether they constitute one, three, or even more species, and more research is required. Another undescribed dwarf chameleon, the bright green "emerald dwarf chameleon", found in the Drakensberg between of 29°15′S and 29°45′S, is now known to be closely related to the "Natal Midlands dwarf chameleon" and may yet be described as a separate species. The
10814570
Namaqua dwarf chameleon


The Namaqua dwarf chameleon or the Western dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion occidentale) occurs in beach vegetation, along the west coast of South Africa and Namibia. The Namaqua is relatively large for a Dwarf Chameleon, reaching up to 16 cm in length. It also has a relatively stocky build, and the shortest tail of its genus. It has several distinctive "gular" grooves under its chin, running from its mouth down to the top of its chest. In colour it is a dull, mottled brown-grey. This species
11080402
Bradypodion


Natal Midlands dwarf chameleon from the namesake region, the small black-headed dwarf chameleon which inhabits fynbos and other low forest on slopes of mainly coastal KwaZulu-Natal, and another probable new species from the Gilboa Forest area. These appear to be a quite recent radiation from a single ancestor, and the group requires more research as regards species limits, and geographical demilitation from the Drakensberg dwarf chameleon. Several largish but short-tailed and cryptic taxa inhabit more arid habitats such as karoo. The Karroo and southern dwarf chameleons seem
16195959
Microgecko persicus


Microgecko persicus, known as the Persia sand gecko or Persian dwarf gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Iran, Iraq and Pakistan. its conservation status has not been assessed on the IUCN Red List. The Persia sand gecko was first formally described in 1903 by Alexander Nikolsky as "Alsophylax persicus". It has since been placed in several genera, including "Cyrtodactylus", "Bunopus", and "Tropiocolotes". There are three accepted subspecies: The common names refers
20986078
Common chameleon


led by the Archipelagos Institute of Marine Conservation to preserve the remaining populations, but the species is not currently evaluated under the IUCN redlist. The primary threats to the common chameleon are habitat loss by human intervention and capture for the pet trade (both illegal and legal, depending on the country). Many die of stress or depression upon capture before they make it to the intended destination; capture from the wild is often the most damaging threat to the species. The species is also extremely territorial, and habitat loss has caused
13047322
Knysna dwarf chameleon


The Knysna dwarf chameleon ("Bradypodion damaranum") is a species of dwarf chameleon in the "Bradypodion" ("slow footed") genus that is endemic to South Africa. It is a forest dweller, found only in a limited range in the afromontane forests near Knysna, South Africa, and in certain surrounding areas. This species has the longest tail of all the "Bradypodion" species. As with most chameleons, its tongue is twice the length of its body and it can be shot out of its mouth
8758736
Transvaal dwarf chameleon


The Transvaal dwarf chameleon ("Bradypodion transvaalense") is a chameleon native to South Africa, where it is found in forested areas of Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces. It is also known as the Wolkberg dwarf chameleon, after the Wolkberg range. They can be distinguished from their relatives in the genus by their bright colouration, with reds and oranges. They are highly territorial and relatively aggressive against each other. In 2003, an ecological impact study near the village of Roossenekal, conducted by BSc Honours students (University of Pretoria,
21468895
Cuvier's dwarf caiman


fish, amphibians, and invertebrates, such as large molluscs. This caiman sometimes uses a burrow as shelter during the day and in the Pantanal may aestivate in the burrow to stay cool in the dry season. The female buries her eggs on a mounded nest and these take about 3 months to hatch. She helps the hatchlings to escape from the nest and provides some parental care for the first few weeks of their lives. This caiman has a wide range and large total population and the IUCN lists its conservation status as being
7844388
Furcifer timoni


some photographic records, it may also be found in the Marojejy National Park (Marojejy Massif), although this fact has not been confirmed. "Furcifer timoni" has been ranked by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to be Near Threatened, and it is one of eleven species of chameleon discovered since 1999. It has been listed by the IUCN as Near Threatened because there is a possible threat which may affect the species. If the threat were to become active, "Furcifer timoni" would not become
9955383
Karoo dwarf chameleon


The Karoo dwarf chameleon ("Bradypodion karrooicum") is a chameleon native to South Africa. It is about 14 cm (6 in) long, mostly colored grey and brown, sometimes olive. The thin skin around the throat is yellow, and it has conical scales along the spine. It inhabits rather dry habitat on the border between the Great and Little Karoo of eastern Northern Cape and western Free State provinces, South Africa. This animal is occasionally considered a subspecies of the Cape dwarf chameleon (e.g. Klaver & Böhme
10814532
Knysna dwarf chameleon


using a special muscle in the jaw. This gives the chameleon the ability to catch insects some distance away. The Knysna dwarf chameleon has a prominent casque and has bright green to bluish skin, decorated with purple, yellow and pink hues. It is up to total length. In the past, most South African dwarf chameleons were considered to be a subspecies of one Cape "Bradypodion" species This is now known to be wrong, however; "B. damaranum" does not appear to have any particularly close living relatives.
8758737
International Union for Conservation of Nature


Unlike other environmental organisations, IUCN does not itself aim to directly mobilize the general public. Education has been part of IUCN's work program since the early days but the focus is on stakeholder involvement and strategic communication rather than mass-campaigns. IUCN runs field projects for habitat and species conservation around the world. It produces the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems which in a similar way measures risks to ecosystems. The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is a global standard to assess the conservation status
13568881
Wildlife of South Africa


by the Reptile Database), and 132 species of amphibian (compiled by AmphibiaWeb). South Africa has the richest diversity of reptiles of any African country. Endemic species include the angulate tortoise and geometric tortoise, the Zululand dwarf chameleon, the Transkei dwarf chameleon and the Robertson dwarf chameleon, the Broadley's flat lizard, the dwarf Karoo girdled lizard, the Soutpansberg rock lizard, and the yellow-bellied house snake. Also included among the fauna are the Nile crocodile, the leopard tortoise, the Speke's hinge-back
12822767
Deception in animals


able to voluntarily change their skin colours. Different chameleon species are able to change different colours which can include pink, blue, red, orange, green, black, brown, light blue, yellow, turquoise and purple. Some species, such as Smith's dwarf chameleon, adjust their colours for camouflage in accordance with the vision of the specific predator species (bird or snake) that they are being threatened by. Some octopuses can use muscles in the skin to change both the colour and texture of their mantle to achieve
14069653
Brookesia minima


Brookesia minima, (common names of which include the dwarf chameleon, the Madagascan dwarf chameleon, the minute leaf chameleon, and the Nosy Be pygmy leaf chameleon, is a diminutive chameleon that was regarded as the smallest lizard of the Chamaeleonidae until a smaller species, "B. micra", was described in 2012. "B. minima" is endemic to Nosy Be, an island located just off the northwest coast of Madagascar, but has extralimital distribution to Manongarivo Reserve on Madagascar's northwest coast. "B. minima" is the
17535918
Conservation biology


they sustain. Aldo Leopold was a classical thinker and writer on such conservation ethics whose philosophy, ethics and writings are still valued and revisited by modern conservation biologists. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has organized a global assortment of scientists and research stations across the planet to monitor the changing state of nature in an effort to tackle the extinction crisis. The IUCN provides annual updates on the status of species conservation through its Red List. The IUCN Red List serves as an international conservation tool to identify those
2964152
Setaro's dwarf chameleon


Setaro's dwarf chameleon ("Bradypodion setaroi" ) is a species of lizard in the family Chamaeleonidae. The specific name, "setaroi", is in honor of Gordon Setaro who collected the holotype with Raw. With a total length (including tail) of about , "B. setaroi" is one of the smallest of all the dwarf chameleons. It has a reduced throat crest and a tail that is longer than the body in males, and shorter than the body in females. "B. setaroi" is endemic to
10728082
Karkloof Forest


area include a subspecies of crested guineafowl ("Guttera edouardi symonsi"), and a dwarf chameleon ("Bradypodion" sp.) which is related to the Natal Midlands dwarf chameleon and the black-headed dwarf chameleon. Other birds found here include Knysna turaco ("Tauraco corythaix"), forest canary ("Crithagra scotops"), white-starred robin ("Pogonocichla stellata"), orange ground-thrush ("Zoothera gurneyi"), red-throated wryneck ("Jynx ruficollis"), golden
12012551
Conservation status


use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the best known worldwide conservation status listing and ranking system. Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation. Also included are species that have gone extinct since 500 CE. When discussing the IUCN Red List, the official term "threatened" is a grouping of three categories: critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable. The Convention on
12047334
Lizard


colour, and select rocks which best match their own colour to minimise the risk of being detected by predators. The Moorish gecko is able to change colour for camouflage: when a light-coloured gecko is placed on a dark surface, it darkens within an hour to match the environment. The chameleons in general use their ability to change their coloration for signalling rather than camouflage, but some species such as Smith's dwarf chameleon do use active colour change for camouflage purposes. The flat-tail horned lizard's body is coloured
18487266
Bradypodion ventrale


Bradypodion ventrale, the southern dwarf chameleon, occurs in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It is also known as the eastern Cape dwarf chameleon. It is a relatively large species of dwarf chameleon, reaching lengths of . It has a very prominent casque on the back of its head and a long, beard-like throat crest. It lives in dense thickets and shrub, and is usually very difficult to spot because of its colouring. It adapts very well to living in suburban gardens, but domestic cats – being introduced
11080283
Namaqua dwarf chameleon


occurs along the coastal regions of the far west of South Africa. It is found in a belt from Melkbosstrand (near Cape Town) in the south, up to Lüderitz, Namibia. In this range, it favours the coastal Strandveld vegetation and is only very rarely found further inland. In the south, near Cape Town, its range slightly overlaps with that of the Cape Dwarf Chameleon, but the two favour different habitats. They can also easily be distinguished as the Cape Dwarf Chameleon has far brighter colouration, with a
11080403
Cape dwarf chameleon


Battles between males can lead to severe injuries through biting. In the past, most South African dwarf chameleons were considered a subspecies of the Cape species This is now known to be wrong, however; "B. pumilum" does not appear to have any particularly close living relatives. Like the Knysna dwarf chameleon, it seems to be a basal offshoot of the ancestral stock, which gave rise to all "Bradypodion" species. Bradypodion pumilum have a much higher survival rate in a metropolitan area if they are bigger in size.
20901500
Nepenthes bicalcarata


level. The conservation status of "N. bicalcarata" is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species based on an assessment carried out in 2000. In 1997, Charles Clarke informally classified the species as Near Threatened based on the IUCN criteria. This agrees with the conservation status assigned to "N. bicalcarata" by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. The two thorns that give "N. bicalcarata" its name are unique to this species and bear some of the largest nectaries in the plant kingdom. The purpose of
21530642
Atalaya (plant)


underground woody rootstocks. In South Africa three species grow naturally. The scarcity of "A. natalensis" trees and their restricted range has received the global conservation status (IUCN) of "vulnerable D2". "A. capensis" has a global conservation status (IUCN) listing also, of "Lower Risk / conservation dependent" . In Papua New Guinea "A. papuana" grows naturally in coast monsoon dune scrub (coastal rainforests on dune soils that become seasonally dry, with deciduous trees), tropical savanna forests and in regenerating
21745346
Dwarf sperm whale


, such as beaked whales and the sperm whale. The "Kogia" peak frequencies are generally less than 130 kHz. There is some hunting of the dwarf sperm whale in Indonesian, Japan, Sri Lanka, and the Lesser Antilles as food or bait, though there are no major operations. A bigger threat is likely ingestion of marine debris and entanglement in fishing gear, though it has not been determined how serious a threat these pose. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) currently lists the dwarf sperm whale
11093802
Campbell's dwarf hamster


Phodopus" and is active throughout the year. Campbell's dwarf hamsters are omnivores, and so feed on both plant and insect material. Campbell's dwarf hamster inhabits burrows with four to six horizontal and vertical tunnels in the steppes and semi deserts of central Asia, the Altai mountains, autonomous areas of Tuva and the Hebei province in northeastern China. This hamster is listed as of Least Concern by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It is native to China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russian Federation.
3044841
World Commission on Protected Areas


The World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) is one of six commissions of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). In 1948, the IUCN established a Committee on National Parks. Two decades later the IUCN had been asked by the international community to take responsibility for preparing a world list of national parks in keeping with its role as a network to share the world’s knowledge on nature conservation, and in 1960, the IUCN raised the status of the Committee to that of a permanent Commission, with
9410113
IUCN Red List of Ecosystems


The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems (RLE) is a global framework for monitoring and documenting the status of ecosystems. It was developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as part of the growing toolkit for biodiversity risk assessment. Its main objective is to support conservation, resource use, and management decisions by evaluating all the world's ecosystems by 2025. The Red List of Ecosystem was developed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's leading authority on the subject and the same entity
4416626
Camas pocket gopher


lupines. Citing concerns of urbanization, habitat loss and active attempts at eradication, NatureServe assesses the camas pocket gophers' conservation status as vulnerable. The conservation status of the camas pocket gopher is classified as "least concern" by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Species Programme, with a stable population trend. The IUCN notes that the gopher is common in its range; studies indicate that populations can recover rapidly after traps are removed from an area, and the species may adapt well to environmental changes. The
11628281
IUCN Red List


The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. A series of
19930289
International Union for Conservation of Nature


its focus beyond conservation ecology and now incorporates issues related to sustainable development in its projects. Unlike many other international environmental organisations, IUCN does not itself aim to mobilize the public in support of nature conservation. It tries to influence the actions of governments, business and other stakeholders by providing information and advice, and through building partnerships. The organization is best known to the wider public for compiling and publishing the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide. IUCN has a membership of over 1400
13568847
International Union for Conservation of Nature


governmental and non-governmental organizations. Some 16,000 scientists and experts participate in the work of IUCN commissions on a voluntary basis. It employs approximately 1000 full-time staff in more than 50 countries. Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland. IUCN has observer and consultative status at the United Nations, and plays a role in the implementation of several international conventions on nature conservation and biodiversity. It was involved in establishing the World Wide Fund for Nature and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. In the past, IUCN has been criticized
13568848
International Union for Conservation of Nature


Council of Europe. In 1961, at the request of United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the United Nations Economic and Social Council, IUCN published the first global list of national parks and protected areas which it has updated ever since. IUCN's best known publication, the Red Data Book on the conservation status of species, was first published in 1964. IUCN began to play a part in the development of international treaties and conventions, starting with the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
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Nepenthes spathulata


. It is somewhat reminiscent of the highland heath forests around Bareo in Sarawak, Borneo. Due to the patchy distribution of "N. spathulata", its conservation status is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, Charles Clarke suggests a revised status of Conservation Dependent based on the IUCN criteria. The closest relative of "N. spathulata" appears to be "N. singalana". It differs from this species in having a peristome that is contracted towards the front and very wide at the sides.
21531150
Regional Red List


A Regional Red List (RRL) is a report of the threatened status of species within a certain country or region. It is based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, an inventory of the conservation status of species on a global scale. Regional Red Lists assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit and therefore may feed directly into national and regional planning. This project is coordinated by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and partners in national governments
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Cape dwarf chameleon


out. Low rates of prey capture are often seen in this species. The Cape dwarf chameleon is restricted to the area around Cape Town, the Boland, and the mountainous coastline as far as Agulhas. Like many other reptiles, chameleons are poikilotherms meaning their body temperature is completely dependent on environmental temperature. A large amount of lizards are expected to be affected by climate change in the near future, especially in Southern Africa where this species is found. If temperatures rise by 1-3 degrees Celsius, then it is expected
20901504
Crested chameleon


is found at an altitude between above mean sea level, and over an area of . The IUCN (IUCN) have classed "Trioceros cristatus" as Least Concern. The female is larger than the male. The total length of a female is , and the total for a male is . Females lay between 11 and 14 eggs, although a clutch of 37 was once found. The crested chameleon was first described by Stutchbury in 1837. In 1865, Gray described it as the "Pterosaurus cristatus". Werner described it
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Regional Red List


, universities and organizations throughout the world. Regional Red Lists may assist countries or regions in: The IUCN Categories and Criteria were initially designed to assess the conservation status of species globally, however there was a demand for guidelines to apply the system at the regional level. In 2003, IUCN developed a set of transparent, quantitative criteria to assess the conservation status of species at the regional and national level. This approach is now being applied in many countries throughout the world. Recently, Regional Red Lists have been completed for Mongolian
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Endangered species


An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct in the near future. Endangered (EN), as categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, is the second most severe conservation status for wild populations in the IUCN's schema after  (CR). In 2012, the IUCN Red List featured 3,079 animal and 2,655 plant species as endangered (EN) worldwide. The figures for 1998 were, respectively, 1,102 and 1,197. Many nations have laws that
3812127
List of critically endangered mammals


a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN. While the category of "data deficient" indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed." This is a complete list of critically endangered mammalian species and subspecies evaluated by the IUCN.
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Natal Midlands dwarf chameleon


The Natal Midlands dwarf chameleon ("Bradypodion thamnobates") is a chameleon native to woodland habitat in the inland Midlands area of the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal. Its length is , relatively small for its genus, and it has bulbous scales of varying colors scattered around the body. The head crest is yellow, with white skin on its throat. Males have a short orange stripe around the middle of their bodies and red-spotted eyelids, whereas females are brown with smaller helmet-like protrusions. They otherwise
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Cape dwarf chameleon


that Cape Dwarf Chameleon running speed will increase as well. Although speed would be better, bite and grip force would become worse. Chameleons are adapted to current habitat temperatures and conditions, but shifting to a higher temperature would actually benefit some of their traits and abilities. This shows that future persistence of this species is very likely even with the advancement of global warming. This species inhabits a range of different habitats and vegetation types, from fynbos and renosterveld, to indigenous Afrotemperate forest and wetlands. It is less common in extremely
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Cape dwarf chameleon


This protected area only amounts to 40% of the total area of occupancy. Most of the shrubland found in these protected areas are fire-prone, and natural fires are known to be detrimental to dwarf chameleon populations. With much of their former habitat now covered in suburbs, this little species has shown itself partially adaptable to suburban gardens. They can serve as a natural insect control for gardens. However, not all gardens are suitable. Chameleons survive only in sunny gardens with lots of bushy and varied vegetation. Direct sunlight
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Smallest organisms


frog species are likely to change the rank order of this list. The dwarf gecko ("Sphaerodactylus ariasae") and the Virgin Islands dwarf sphaero ("S. parthenopion"), two geckos in the genus "Sphaerodactylus", are the world's smallest known reptile species and smallest lizard, with a snout-vent length of . A few "Brookesia" chameleons from Madagascar are equally small, with a reported snout-vent length of 15–18  millimetres for male dwarf chameleons ("B. minima"), 14–19  millimetres for
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List of critically endangered arthropods


As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 394 critically endangered arthropod species, including 86 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 4.1% of all evaluated arthropod species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists three arthropod subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of arthropods have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 2875 arthropod species (30% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
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List of critically endangered molluscs


As of September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 581 critically endangered mollusc species, including 117 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 8.0% of all evaluated mollusc species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists 11 mollusc subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of molluscs have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 1988 mollusc species (27% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
2441326
List of critically endangered insects


As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 195 critically endangered insect species, including 46 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 3.2% of all evaluated insect species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists two insect subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of insects have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 1702 insect species (28% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
2441517
List of critically endangered invertebrates


As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 987 critically endangered invertebrate species, including 206 which are tagged as "possibly extinct". 5.5% of all evaluated invertebrate species are listed as critically endangered. The IUCN also lists 14 invertebrate subspecies as critically endangered. No subpopulations of invertebrates have been evaluated by the IUCN. Additionally 5278 invertebrate species (29% of those evaluated) are listed as "data deficient", meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.
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Marshall's pygmy chameleon


Marshall's pygmy chameleon (Rhampholeon marshalli ), also called Marshall's leaf chameleon or Marshall's dwarf chameleon, is a species of chameleon found in the forests of Zimbabwe and Mozambique in Africa. It grows from and feeds on insects. When standing still, it resembles a leaf on a branch. The specific name, "marshalli", is in honor of British entomologist Guy Anstruther Knox Marshall. Marshall’s leaf chameleon is unmistakable. It is the only such tiny chameleon in its range (sympatric with "Chamaeleo dilepis quilensis
17790923
Nepenthes robcantleyi


N. truncata". The plants found by Andy Smith and Wally Suarez, which may be conspecific with "N. robcantleyi", also grew epiphytically. The plants observed in 1997 were sympatric with an "unusual and giant form" of "N. alata" "sensu lato". In the type description Martin Cheek informally assessed the conservation status of "N. robcantleyi" as Critically Endangered based on the IUCN criteria, while noting that the species may already be extinct in the wild. On account of its vegetative and floral features—
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Hooded chameleon


can be found at low elevations between . It has also been found in Tsararano, Anandrivola, and Masoala, and is found over an area of a total of . The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classed "C. cucullatum" as s vulnerable species, as it is threatened by many factors such as the slash-and-burn method of agriculture. The species was first described by Gray in 1831 as the "Chamaeleon cucullatus". Duméril and Bibron described it in 1836: 227 as "Chamaeleo
10121218
Mayotte chameleon


it became established in the town of Hombo. This species is ranked as being of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and has been found at between above sea level. This species is found in a range of habitats. It is protected by law in Mayotte and is included in Appendix II of the CITES treaty. In an integrated field study on Mayotte, 35 specimens of "Furcifer polleni" were found in a range of habitats at altitudes of up to . These included (in
9691937
International Union for Conservation of Nature


1974) and its formal standing and influence increased. A grant from the Ford Foundation in 1969 enabled it to boost its secretariat and expand operations. During the 1960s, IUCN lobbied the UN General Assembly to create a new status for NGOs. Resolution 1296, adopted in 1968, granted 'consultative' status to NGOs. IUCN itself was eventually accredited with six UN organizations. IUCN was one of the few environmental organisations formally involved in the preparations of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm, 1972). The
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Livingstone National Park


species conservation Act 1995). Along with international recognition under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2004). Identifying the habitat of, and monitoring its condition, is an important conservation action in the National recovery plan for the Swift Parrot. The protection status of Livingstone National Park means management is consistent with and intends to deliver the actions in recovery plans for conserving the Swift Parrots overwintering ground, when it leaves breeding grounds in Tasmania and disperses widely over the mainland, from
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Chameleon


the exact evolutionary history of color change in chameleons is still unknown, there is one aspect of the evolutionary history of chameleon color change that has already been conclusively studied: the effects of signal efficacy. Signal efficacy, or how well the signal can be seen against its background, has been shown to correlate directly to spectral qualities of chameleon displays. Dwarf chameleons, the chameleon of study, occupy a wide variety of habitats from forests to grasslands to shrubbery. It was demonstrated that chameleons in brighter areas tended to present brighter signals
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Spiny-flanked chameleon


The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classed this species as Endangered and it is listed in Appendix II of the CITES treaty. This species gives birth to live young. "Trioceros laterispinis" was first described in 1932 by British herpetologist and biologist Arthur Loveridge as "Chamaeleon laterispinis". It was described under the same name in 1966 by Daan and Hillenius. In 1982, Böhme described it as the "Chamaeleo laterispinis brookesiaeformis", and in 1999, Necas described it as the "Chamaeleo laterispinis". Tilbury
10120927
Brookesia decaryi


Brookesia decaryi is a species of chameleon, which is endemic to Madagascar, and is ranked as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It was initially described in 1939 by Fernand Angel. The specific name, "decaryi", is in honor of French botanist . "Brookesia decaryi" can only be found on the island of Madagascar in Ankarafantsika National Park ("Parc National d'Ankarafantsika"), northwest Madagascar. "B. decaryi" can only be found at elevations under above sea level
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Antimena chameleon


International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) because it is found in an area where there is massive clearing of the forest for agriculture and charcoal production and because the population is believed to be declining. "Furcifer antimena" males have a dorsal crest formed of about thirty cone-shaped scales, each of which is between in length. The males are green with yellow and/or whitish stripes, and females are fully dark green. Males can grow to a maximum length of , and females to . There is a projection on
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Furcifer cephalolepis


Furcifer cephalolepis is a species of chameleon that is endemic to Grande Comore. It was described by Günther in 1880. The International Union for Conservation of Nature ranked the species as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as there are no signs that this species is in decline. "Furcifer cephalolepis" is used in the pet trade, with 8,583 specimens being exported from Grande Comore between 2004 and 2008. "Furcifer cephalolepis" is native to Grande Comore (Ngazidja) in the Comoros Islands. It is believed to
9890535
Brookesia therezieni


Brookesia therezieni, also known as the Perinet leaf chameleon, is a species of lizards in the family Chamaeleonidae. The species is endemic to eastern Madagascar. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classed the species as Least Concern. "B. therezieni" was initially described as a species new to science by and Charles Antoine Domergue in 1970. The specific name, "therezieni", is in honor of French hydrobiologist Yves Thérézien. Endemic to eastern Madagascar, "Brookesia therezieni" is found in the type locality of
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Cape dwarf chameleon


slightly narrower stomach area around the hips. The Cape Dwarf Chameleon is classified as a medium-sized chameleon with an average adult body size of 50–70 mm body size. This species has a restricted distribution within regions of southwestern South Africa that receive rainfall during winter months. This species is viviparous, meaning it gives live birth rather than eggs, and can have one to several clutches of about 10-15 offspring in any given year. Mortality rates of neonates are expected to be high due to an intense reproduction schedule and a
20901496
Pethia cumingii


and Flora of Sri Lanka, IUCN Sri Lanka. IUCN, (2000); The 1999 list of threatened fauna and flora of Sri Lanka, IUCN Sri Lanka. IUCN, (2000); The Fauna of Sri Lanka Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation, IUCN Sri Lanka. Perera, N., (2002); Preliminary Survey of Upper Attanagalu River basin in South West Ichthyological Zone of Sri Lanka, SRI LANKA NATURALIST, JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY AND NATURE, Young Zoologist’s Association of Sri Lanka. Pethiyagoda, R.
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Frederick Yeh


sea turtle conservation efforts in Hawaii. According to the global authority on nature conservation, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the sea turtles of the Hawaiian Islands were also once under the threat of near extinction, but are now thriving and their conservation status reclassified as "Least Concern" according to the IUCN Red List. Thus, Yeh established Sea Turtles 911 under Hawaiian jurisdiction, and changed the course of his life by moving to China to save the sea turtles he had hopelessly witnessed being sold, earning
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Antsingy leaf chameleon


within their range. Although smaller than most chameleons, The Antsingy leaf chameleon is the largest of the Brookesia (dwarf) genus of chameleons which can grow up to eleven centimeters. Distinguished by bilateral rows of thorny spines along the dorsal surface and its brown coloration. It is oviparous. This ornate chameleon species occurs in dry, deciduous forest in Madagascar. This chameleon dwells on the forest floor among the dead leaves which it uses for camouflage and climbs up low plant branches when it’s time to sleep. The Antsingy Leaf Chameleon
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Furcifer nicosiai


Furcifer nicosiai is a large species of chameleon, a lizard in the family Chamaeleonidae. The species is endemic to western Madagascar. Described as new to science in 1999, it was ranked as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It has only been found in the Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park at levels of above mean sea level. The specific name, "nicosiai", is in honor of Guido Nicosia, Italian Ambassador to Madagascar (1996–1999). "Furcifer nicosiai" is relatively
9890603
Toothed leaf chameleon


Anjozorobe. At the highest, the species can be found at above sea level. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has classed "B. dentata" as an endangered species on their IUCN Red List. It is listed as endangered because it is known only from the Ankarafantsika area, which covers , although it could be found over an area of at the highest. The habitat of "Brookesia dentata" is continuing to decline due to charcoal collection, fires, and cattle. The population of "Brookesia dentata" is currently
9955708
Palleon lolontany


Palleon lolontany is a species of chameleons endemic to Madagascar. It was first described by Raxworthy and Nussbaum in 1995 as "Brookesia lolontany". It was since placed in the genus "Palleon" when that genus was erected in 2013. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) rated the species as Near Threatened. "Palleon lolontany" is endemic to Mount Tsaratanana (Maromokotro), Madagascar's highest mountain, on the Tsaratanana Massif. Its type locality is Matsabory Lake and Mount Tsaratanana at above mean sea level.
9956093
Rodrigues flying fox


a few hundred in total in the wild, and the bat is classified as endangered by the IUCN. The Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust has undertaken a successful captive breeding program, and there are now colonies in several zoos. Due to its imperiled status, it is identified by the Alliance for Zero Extinction as a species in danger of imminent extinction. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. In 2017, the IUCN determined that this species now has
11950036
Whale conservation


the North Atlantic Ocean around Greenland, Iceland, and Norway. There is no information about fin whales in areas outside of the Northern Atlantic, where they still hold the status of being endangered. A complete list of whale conservation statuses as listed by the IUCN is given below. Note that, in the case of the blue and gray whales, the IUCN distinguishes the statuses of various populations. These populations, while not regarded as separate species, are considered sufficiently important in terms of conservation. *Atlantic population of gray whale
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Angel's chameleon


Anjiamangirana I and Tsingy de Namoroka Strict Nature Reserve (Namoroka National Park or Parc National de Namoroka). It has also been reported to occur at Ambohibola and on the coast near Antsanitia in Mahajanga province. It has been found at between above sea level. It lives in trees in dry forests and is diurnal. "F. angeli" is listed as being of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This is because it has a wide range, estimated to cover an area of . Although
9691685
Petter's chameleon


Madagascar. Its type locality is the eastern edge of the Ankarana Reserve, specifically the Ankarana massif (). "Furcifer petteri" is listed as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) because its geographic range only covers an area of in northern Madagascar, where the remaining forest is in decline. It lives between above mean sea level, where it is threatened by mining, logging for rosewood and charcoal, and fires. Male specimens are roughly between in total length (including tail),
9891055
Plains rat


' by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the IUCN conservation status for the species is 'vulnerable'. The name "Pseudomys" comes from the combined form of the Greek word "pseudes" (meaning "false") and the Latin word "mys" (meaning "mouse"), presumably because of the plains rat's puzzling similarities and differences to "true mice" in the genus "mus". The name "australis" comes from the Latin word "australis" (
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Spectral pygmy chameleon


The spectral pygmy chameleon, western pygmy chameleon, or Cameroon stumptail chameleon ("Rhampholeon spectrum") is one of the so-called "dwarf" or "leaf" chameleons, from mainland Africa. The exact distribution differs between sources, but includes at least Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon, and may include the Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, and Nigeria. They are small, not exceeding , with very short, albeit prehensile, tails. They tend to frequent the ground and low shrubbery
16605178
Grey dwarf hamster


The grey dwarf hamster, grey hamster or migratory hamster ("Cricetulus migratorius") is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. Its range extends from Eastern Europe through the Middle East, Russia and Central Asia to Mongolia and western China. The grey dwarf hamster has grey fur and a head-body length ranging from . The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern". The grey dwarf hamster has a head-and-body length of between and a well
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