Homo sapiens [SEP] IUCN conservation status
[{"answer": "least concern"}]
FAM76A


Homo sapiens" protein. These same amino acid frequency differences are seen in FAM76A orthologs such as "Gallus gallus" ("H. sapiens" sequence identity 84%), "Serinus canaria" ("H. sapiens" sequence identity 77%), and "Crassostrea gigas" ("H. sapiens" sequence identity 57%). NCBI conserved domains search identified an uncharacterized conserved protein (YqiK) that contains the Band7/PHB/SPFH domain, whose function is unknown and is conserved in various species ranging from humans to
20554128
Archaic humans


definition. According to one definition, "Homo sapiens" is a single species comprising several subspecies that include the archaics and modern humans. Under this definition, modern humans are referred to as "Homo sapiens sapiens" and archaics are also designated with the prefix ""Homo" "sapiens"". For example, the Neanderthals are "Homo sapiens neanderthalensis", and "Homo heidelbergensis" is "Homo sapiens heidelbergensis". Other taxonomists prefer not to consider archaics and modern humans as a single species but as several different
7913026
Paleolithic


" became extinct by the end of the Paleolithic. Descended from "Homo Sapiens", the anatomically modern "Homo sapiens sapiens" emerged in eastern Africa  BP, left Africa around 50,000 BP, and expanded throughout the planet. Multiple hominid groups coexisted for some time in certain locations. "Homo neanderthalensis" were still found in parts of Eurasia  BP years, and engaged in an unknown degree of interbreeding with "Homo sapiens sapiens". DNA studies also suggest an unknown degree of interbreeding between "Homo sapiens sapiens" and "
3088674
Human taxonomy


Broom, 1917), "Homo wadjakensis" (Dubois, 1921), "Homo sapiens cro-magnonensis, Homo sapiens grimaldiensis" (Gregory, 1921), "Homo drennani" (Kleinschmidt, 1931), "Homo galilensis" (Joleaud, 1931) = "Paleanthropus palestinus" (McCown & Keith, 1932). Rightmire (1983) proposed "Homo sapiens rhodesiensis". By the 1980s, the practice of dividing extant populations of "Homo sapiens" into subspecies declined. An early authority explicitly avoiding the
21999139
Homo rhodesiensis


with a range spanning the Middle Pleistocene (c. 0.8–0.12 mya). Other designations such as "Homo sapiens arcaicus" and "Homo sapiens rhodesiensis" have also been proposed. White et al. (2003) suggested Rhodesian Man as ancestral to "Homo sapiens idaltu" (Herto Man). The derivation of "Homo sapiens" from "Homo rhodesiensis" has often been proposed, but is obscured by a fossil gap during 400–260 kya. A number of morphologically-comparable fossil remains came to light in East Africa (Bodo
7813604
PRR23C


"Homo sapiens" has a domain of unknown function (DUF2476) that spans the majority of the protein (1-259 aa) which is a conserved domain. DUF2476 belongs to pfam10630 which is a part of superfamily c|11241. DUF2476 is a family of proteins that are rich in proline residues and have unknown function. Proline-rich protein 23C is the preferred name but other aliases include proline-rich protein 23A. Proline is predicted to be the most abundant amino acid in proline-rich protein 23C "Homo sapiens".
3143042
Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 142


2 has a shorter exon 9 and 3' UTR. Isoform 1 is the longest variant of the gene and protein and is the subject of this article. CCDC142 has no paralogs in "Homo sapiens." Below is a table of a variety of orthologs of CCDC142 whose protein sequence identity was compared to the "Homo sapiens" protein amino acid sequence. CCDC142 has more than 73% amino acid similarity in mammals, but is less conserved in other vertebrates and in invertebrates. CCDC142 is closely related in mammals, mollusks and
13395482
FGFR1OP2


" FGFR1OP2 protein. FGFR1OP2 is conserved in all clades of the animal kingdom, as seen in the table below. There are three transcript variants for the FGFR1OP2 gene, with the first being the longest. FGFR1OP2 is also known as HSPC123-like protein (HSPC123L) and wound inducible transcript 3.0 (wit3.0). The Homo sapiens FGFR1OP2 gene is located on chromosome 12, with its specific locus being 12p11.23. The "Homo sapiens" asunder spermatogenesis regulator (ASUN) gene (NCBI Reference Sequence NM_018164.2) is located directly upstream from FGFR1OP2
18569835
Human taxonomy


Hominina" have been proposed: "Australopithecinae" (Gregory & Hellman 1939) and "Preanthropinae" (Cela-Conde & Altaba 2002); At least a dozen species of "Homo" other than "Homo sapiens" have been proposed, with varying degrees of consensus. "Homo erectus" is widely recognized as the species directly ancestral to "Homo sapiens". Most other proposed species are proposed as alternatively belonging to either "Homo erectus" or "Homo sapiens" as a subspecies. This concerns "Homo ergaster
21999129
Horn of Africa


humans included seafood obtained by beachcombing. According to both genetic and fossil evidence, archaic Homo sapiens evolved into anatomically modern humans solely in the Horn of Africa between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago and have dispersed from the Horn of Africa. The recognition of "Homo sapien idaltu" and Omo Kibish as anatomically modern humans would justify the description of contemporary humans with the subspecies name Homo sapiens sapiens. A comprehensive review concluded that "the more complete fossils represent some of the most significant discoveries of early Homo sapiens made thus far, owing
15926251
Denisovan


The Denisovans or Denisova hominins ) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus "Homo". Pending its taxonomic status, it currently carries temporary species or subspecies names "Homo denisova", "Homo altaiensis", "Homo sapiens denisova", or "Homo sp. Altai". In 2010, scientists announced the discovery of an undated finger bone fragment of a juvenile female found in the Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains in Siberia, a cave that has also been inhabited by Neanderthals and modern humans
19992346
Neanderthal


be considered a separate species ("Homo neanderthalensis") or a subspecies ("Homo sapiens neanderthalensis") relative to modern humans. Pääbo (2014) described such "taxonomic wars" as unresolveable in principle, "since there is no definition of species perfectly describing the case." The question depends on the definition of "Homo sapiens" as a chronospecies, which has also been in flux throughout the 20th century. Authorities preferring classification of Neanderthals as subspecies have introduced the subspecies name "Homo sapiens sapiens" for the
9604099
UPF0488


closely related organisms. However, the protein had far more distant relatives, including several invertebrates. Protein alignments for Homo Sapien UPF0488 was performed using the San Diego Workbench; these alignments were performed against several different taxa including vertebrates such as mammalia, reptilia, aves and invertebrates such as insecta. The protein sequences for UPf0488 are very highly conserved amongst close relatives of homo sapiens such as Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla (Gorilla). The similarity in protein sequence is inversely proportional to divergence (MYA) (table of homologs). C8orf33 activity
12611445
Homo sapiens


Homo sapiens is the only extant human species. The name is Latin for "wise man" and was introduced in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus (who is himself the lectotype for the species). Extinct species of the genus "Homo" include "Homo erectus", extant during roughly 1.9 to 0.4 million years ago, and a number of other species (by some authors considered subspecies of either "H. sapiens" or "H. erectus"). The age of speciation of "H. sapiens" out of ancestral "H.
12432208
PRR23C


Proline-rich protein 23C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the proline-rich 23C (PRR23C) gene. PRR23C "Homo sapiens" is located on the long arm of chromosome 3, (3q23) on the antisense strand. When pertaining to the mRNA of PRR23C "Homo sapiens", it is 2,791 bp in length. PRR23C "Homo sapiens" has one exon covering the entire length of mRNA (1-2,791 bp). PRR23C "Homo sapiens" has a clone name of FLJ46210. PRR23C
3143040
Neanderthal extinction


tips crafted with prevalent tool-making methods contemporary to the time. Another possibility is the spread among the Neanderthal population of pathogens or parasites carried by "Homo sapiens". Neanderthals would have limited immunity to diseases they had not been exposed to, so diseases carried into Europe by "Homo sapiens" could have been particularly lethal to them if "Homo sapiens" were relatively resistant. If it were relatively easy for pathogens to leap between these two similar species, perhaps because they lived in close proximity, then "Homo sapiens
14487729
Human taxonomy


Human taxonomy is the classification of the human species (systematic name "Homo sapiens", Latin: "knowing man") within zoological taxonomy. The systematic genus, "Homo", is designed to include both anatomically modern humans and extinct varieties of archaic humans. Current humans have been designated as subspecies "Homo sapiens sapiens", differentiated from the direct ancestor, "Homo sapiens idaltu". Since the introduction of systematic names in the 18th century, knowledge of human evolution has increased drastically, and a number of intermediate
21999115
Human


form (while there is no such word as ""sapien""). The genus "Homo" evolved and diverged from other hominins in Africa, after the human clade split from the chimpanzee lineage of the hominids (great apes) branch of the primates. Modern humans, defined as the species "Homo sapiens" or specifically to the single extant subspecies "Homo sapiens sapiens", proceeded to colonize all the continents and larger islands, arriving in Eurasia 125,000–60,000 years ago, Australia around 40,000 years ago, the Americas
11237520
Homo sapiens


of Neanderthals vs. anatomically modern humans. The term "anatomically modern humans" (AMH) is used with varying scope depending on context, to distinguish "anatomically modern" "Homo sapiens" from archaic humans such as Neanderthals and Middle and Lower Paleolithic hominins with transitional features intermediate between "H. erectus", Neanderthals and early AMH called "archaic Homo sapiens". In a convention popular in the 1990s, Neanderthals were classified as a subspecies of "H. sapiens", as "H. s. neanderthalensis", while AMH (or
12432233
Homo sapiens idaltu


Homo sapiens idaltu (; "elder" or "first born"), also called Herto Man, is the name given to a number of early modern human fossils found in 1997 in Herto Bouri, Ethiopia. They date to around 160,000 years ago. Paleoanthropologists determined that the skeletal finds belong to an extinct subspecies of "Homo sapiens" who lived in Pleistocene Africa. In the narrow definition of "H. sapiens", the subspecies "H. s. idaltu" falls under the umbrella of Anatomically modern humans. The recognition of "
6182528
Man After Man


("Homo aquaticus"), with gills instead of lungs — and species to aid in construction in the vacuum of space — the vacuumorph ("Homo caelestis"). 300 years hence, the anatomically modern humans that stayed behind on Earth have split into the Hitek ("Homo sapiens machinadiumentum"), almost totally dependent on cybernetic technology, augmenting and keeping their bodies alive well past their natural lifespans, and their handlers (still "Homo sapiens sapiens"). Though the older genetically engineered species in space and
6403058
Homo sapiens


single species, "H. sapiens", avoiding division into subspecies altogether. Some sources show Neanderthals ("H. neanderthalensis") as a subspecies ("H. sapiens neanderthalensis"). Similarly, the discovered specimens of the "H. rhodesiensis" species have been classified by some as a subspecies ("H. sapiens rhodesiensis"), although it remains more common to treat these last two as separate species within the genus "Homo" rather than as subspecies within "H. sapiens". The subspecies name "H. sapiens sapiens"
12432212
Human evolution


proposed as species that may be intermediate between "H. erectus" and "H. heidelbergensis". "H. heidelbergensis" ("Heidelberg Man") lived from about 800,000 to about 300,000 years ago. Also proposed as "Homo sapiens heidelbergensis" or "Homo sapiens paleohungaricus". "Homo neanderthalensis", alternatively designated as "Homo sapiens neanderthalensis", lived in Europe and Asia from 400,000 to about 28,000 years ago. There are a number of clear anatomical differences between anatomically modern humans (AMH) and Neanderthal populations. Many
10260841
Post-orbital constriction


Homo sapiens" during the Mid-Pleistocene era. In a departure from "Homo erectus", "Homo sapiens" manifests a reduced post-orbital constriction due to increase in cranial capacity (about 1,350 cc), accompanied by higher cranial vaults. It completely disappears in modern Homo sapiens. Thus, it is a useful, quantifiable measure of how far along the evolutionary path a hominid fossil might be placed. In species such as baboons and African great apes, an increase in the available capacity of the infratemporal fossa is
12465845
Homo


. "Homo neanderthalensis" and "Homo sapiens" develop after about 300 kya. "Homo naledi" is present in Southern Africa by 300 kya. "H. sapiens" soon after its first emergence spread throughout Africa, and to Western Asia in several waves, possibly as early as 250 kya, and certainly by 130 kya. In July 2019, anthropologists reported the discovery of 210,000 year old remains of a "H. sapiens" and 170,000 year old remains of a "H. neanderthalensis" in Apidima Cave, Peloponnese, Greece
16216173
Homo heidelbergensis


, as late as 2010 still classified it as "Homo erectus heidelbergensis", i.e. categorizing it as a "Homo erectus" subspecies. This was reportedly changed to "Homo heidelbergensis", accepting the categorization as separate species, in 2015. "Rhodesian Man" (Kabwe 1) is now mostly classified as "Homo heidelbergensis", though other designations such as "Homo sapiens arcaicus" and "Homo sapiens rhodesiensis" have also been proposed. White et al. (2003) suggested Rhodesian Man as ancestral to "Homo
5446922
Cushitic peoples


been found in Eritrea, indicating the diet of early humans included seafood obtained by beachcombing. According to both genetic and fossil evidence, archaic Homo sapiens evolved into anatomically modern humans solely in the Horn of Africa between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago and have dispersed from the Horn of Africa. The recognition of "Homo sapien idaltu" and Omo Kibish as anatomically modern humans would justify the description of contemporary humans with the subspecies name Homo sapiens sapiens. Because of their early dating and unique physical characteristics idaltu and kibish represent the immediate ancestors
10910430
Race (human categorization)


of Carl Linnaeus, inventor of zoological taxonomy, divided the human species "Homo sapiens" into continental varieties of "europaeus", "asiaticus", "americanus", and "afer", each associated with a different humour: sanguine, melancholic, choleric, and phlegmatic, respectively. "Homo sapiens europaeus" was described as active, acute, and adventurous, whereas "Homo sapiens afer" was said to be crafty, lazy, and careless. The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by
5998489
Homo sapiens


European early modern humans, EEMH) was taken to refer to "Cro-Magnon" or "H. s. sapiens". Under this nomenclature (Neanderthals considered "H. sapiens"), the term "anatomically modern "Homo sapiens"" (AMHS) has also been used to refer to EEMH ("Cro-Magnons"). It has since become more common to designate Neanderthals as a separate species, "H. neanderthalensis", so that AMH in the European context refers to "H. sapiens" (but the
12432234
Quaternary extinction event


, Africa and Asia were inhabited by advanced hominids by 2mya, with "Homo habilis" in Africa, and "Homo erectus" on both continents. By the advent and proliferation of "Homo sapiens" circa 315,000 BCE, dominant species included "Homo heidelbergensis" in Africa, the Denisovans and Neanderthals (fellow "H. heidelbergensis" descendants) in Eurasia, and "Homo erectus" in Eastern Asia. Ultimately, on both continents, these groups and other populations of Homo were subsumed by successive radiations of "H. sapiens"
17813444
Binomial nomenclature


typeset in italics; for example, "Homo sapiens". Generally, the binomial should be printed in a font style different from that used in the normal text; for example, ""Several more "Homo sapiens" fossils were discovered"." When handwritten, a binomial name should be underlined; for example, Homo sapiens. The first part of the binomial, the genus name, is always written with an initial capital letter. In current usage, the second part is never written with an initial capital.
18427243
Homo sapiens


extant populations, the Khoi-San (or "Capoid") hunters-gatherers of Southern Africa may represent the human population with the earliest possible divergence within the group "Homo sapiens sapiens". Their separation time has been estimated in a 2017 study to be as long as between 260,000 and 350,000 years ago, compatible with the estimated age of "H. sapiens". "H. s. idaltu", found at Middle Awash in Ethiopia, lived about 160,000 years ago, and "H. sapiens" lived at Omo Kibish in
12432225
Kiaa1107


most common variant, isoform A, found in "Homo sapiens." The predicted molecular weight of isoform A in "Homo sapiens" is 149.6 kdal. KIAA1107 has a higher frequency of Serine and Aspartate and a lower frequency of Tyrosine than in the average protein in "Homo sapiens." Uncharacterized protein is composed of 7.5% Aspartate and 14.0% Serine, which constitutes it as a Serine-rich protein. This protein also consists of 0.7% Tyrosine, which is considered to be below average in human proteins. Transcription
16201430
Menopause


the last 30000 to 50000 years and that it was extremely unusual for early "Homo sapiens" to live to age 50. This discovery has led some biologists to argue that there was no selection for or against menopause at the time at which the ancestor of all modern humans lived in Africa, suggesting that menopause is instead a random evolutionary effect of a selection shadow regarding ageing in early "Homo sapiens". It is also argued that since the population fraction of post-menopausal women in early "Homo sapiens" was so
4930392
Jebel Irhoud


ago. The fossils were reappraised as representing an archaic form of "Homo sapiens" or perhaps a population of "Homo sapiens" that had interbred with Neanderthals. This was consistent with the idea that the then oldest known remains of a "Homo sapiens idaltu", dated to around 195,000 years ago and found in Omo Kibish, Ethiopia, indicated an eastern African origin for humans at around 200,000 years ago. However, dating carried out by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig revealed that the Jebel Irhoud site was
13615740
Homo Sapiens (band)


Homo Sapiens (sometimes spelled as Gli Homo Sapiens) is an Italian pop-rock group, mainly successful in the seventies. The group formed in the late 1960s as I Tarli. They adopted the current name in 1972, and had their first success in 1975 with the ballad "Tornerai tornerò", which reached the ninth place on the Italian hit parade. The group won the 1977 Sanremo Music Festival with the song "Bella da morire", which was also a commercial success, peaking at second place on the hit
7025560
Lower Paleolithic


to this period or only appear during the Middle Paleolithic is an open question. Also, in Europe, a type of human appeared that was intermediate between "Homo erectus" and "Homo sapiens", sometimes summarized under archaic "Homo sapiens", typified by such fossils as those found at Swanscombe, Steinheim, Tautavel, and Vertesszollos ("Homo palaeohungaricus"). The hand-axe tradition originates in the same period. The intermediate may have been "Homo heidelbergensis", held responsible for the manufacture of improved "
13697973
Homo magi


existed for as long as the human race, but due to their special abilities, they did not expand as did "Homo sapiens". Eventually, they started to inbreed with normal humans, resulting in many generations of "Homo magi" turned into "Homo sapiens". As the number of pure "Homo magi" dwindled, they decided to recede and went into hiding. Darkworld was a dimension created by an unnamed cosmic entity who later fell into a deep sleep. This entity's dreams were responsible for creating the
16301882
Names for the human species


removed from "Pan" to warrant the definition of a separate genus. Based on the Principle of Priority, this would result in chimpanzees being reclassified as members of the genus "Homo", e.g. "Homo paniscus", "Homo sylvestris", or "Homo arboreus". An alternative philosophy suggests that the term "Homo sapiens" is the misnomer and that humans should be reclassified as "Pan sapiens". In either case, a name change of the genus would have implications on the taxonomy of extinct species closely
7741997
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada


in Canada) and 15 wildlife species that are Extinct (X). The other category is not at risk (NAR). COSEWIC provides online updated status reports on designated species. COSEWIC bases its quantitative criteria for species' status assessment on the revised IUCN Red List, the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. COSEWIC provides International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's main authority on the conservation status of species, with a Regional Red List. IUCN.
2828846
Humanity's End


The "Homo superior" have enhanced themselves with DNA from a race of hostile extraterrestrials called Nephilim who are known for their superior military skills, to wipe out all the "Homo sapiens" and "Homo technis" "lesser" races from the galaxy. In order to save the "lower" races, "Homo technis" develops a genus of sapiens called "breeders", with an ability to bring multiple births to term quickly. The Nephilim "Homo superior" manage to destroy all of Earth's "breeders"
19736499
Homo narrans


Homo narrans ('storytelling human') is one of a number of binomial names for the human species modelled on the commonly used term "Homo sapiens" ('wise human'). The term posits the primacy of storytelling over, for example, language or reasoning, in differentiating "Homo sapiens" from other species of the genus "Homo". Scholarly use of the term may originate with the German ethnologist Kurt Ranke in a paper published in 1967. Another prominent coining of the term, apparently independent of Ranke
757967
Olduvai Gorge


Gorge which achieved great advances of human knowledge and world-renowned status. "Homo habilis", probably the first early human species, occupied Olduvai Gorge approximately 1.9 million years ago (mya); then came a contemporary australopithecine, "Paranthropus boisei", 1.8 mya, followed by "Homo erectus", 1.2 mya. Our species "Homo sapiens", which is estimated to have emerged roughly 300,000 years ago, is dated to have occupied the site 17,000 years ago. The site is significant in showing the increasing developmental
14124129
Archaeology of Israel


Tabun Cave and Qesem Cave. This period has been dated to the years 250,000 - 45,000 BP. Fossils of Neanderthals and of Homo-Sapiens from this period have been discovered in Israel. The Homo-Sapiens remains found in Israel are the oldest anatomically modern human remains that were discovered outside of Africa. It is yet unclear whether Neanderthals and Homo-Sapiens populations coexisted side by side, in this area, or replaced each other as the global climate shifted, as was common during the Pleistocene. Both used the same style
10023251
Cave dweller


system, in Beijing, China, has been inhabited by various species of human being, including Peking Man ("Homo erectus pekinensis") and modern humans ("Homo sapiens sapiens"). Starting about 170,000 years ago, some "Homo sapiens" lived in some cave systems in what is now South Africa, such as Pinnacle Point and Diepkloof Rock Shelter. Caves were the ideal place to shelter from the midday sun in the equatorial regions. The stable temperatures of caves provided a cool habitat in summers and a warm
12099511
Ethiopia


of these local fossil finds, the Omo remains, were excavated in the southwestern Omo Kibish area and have been dated to the Middle Paleolithic, around 200,000 years ago. Additionally, skeletons of "Homo sapiens idaltu" were found at a site in the Middle Awash valley. Dated to approximately 160,000 years ago, they may represent an extinct subspecies of "Homo sapiens", or the immediate ancestors of anatomically modern humans. "Homo sapiens" fossils excavated at the Jebel Irhoud site in Morocco have since been dated to an earlier
15980196
World population estimates


population bottleneck is postulated by some scholars at approximately 70,000 years ago, during the Toba catastrophe, when "Homo sapiens" population may have dropped to as low as between 1,000 and 10,000 individuals. For the time of speciation of "Homo sapiens", some 200,000 years ago, an effective population size of the order of 10,000 to 30,000 individuals has been estimated, with an actual "census population" of early "Homo sapiens" of roughly 100,000 to 300,000 individuals. The question of "how many people have ever lived?
18956199
History of Morocco


"Homo sapiens", as well as the presence of early human species. The fossilized bones of a 400,000-year-old early human ancestor were discovered in Salé in 1971. The bones of several very early "Homo sapiens" were excavated at Jebel Irhoud in 1991, these were dated using modern techniques in 2017 and found to be at least 300,000 years old, making them the oldest examples of Homo Sapiens discovered anywhere in the world. In 2007, small perforated seashell beads were discovered in Taforalt that are 82,000 years old,
19610815
Prehistoric Asia


arrived in southern Siberia by about 43,000 years ago and some people move south or east from there. By about 40,000 years ago "Homo sapiens" made it to Indonesia, where a skull was found on Borneo in Niah Cave. "Homo sapiens" females weighed an average of and were on average tall. The males weighed an average of and were on average tall. They were omnivorous. As compared to earlier hominids, "Homo sapiens" had larger brains and used more complex tools, including, blades, awls,
816044
Mongoloid


of the Department of Biochemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, said that early Asians did not mix with "Asian Homo and that the features of "ancient Asian forms" indicate that "Asian erectus" was not ancestral to "Homo sapiens". Since modern-day "Asians" do not show the amount of mtDNA divergence expected had they mixed with Homo erectus, Cann believes the expanding Homo sapiens from Africa replaced the Asian Homo erectus. Douglas C. Wallace of the Department of Biochemistry at Emory University said that the
19365870
Buff-sided robin


degradation of the riparian habitat of the buff-sided robin by cattle and feral animals. The population size has not been determined, however it is also not considered to approach thresholds for listing as vulnerable under IUCN population size criterion. Potential threats to populations of the buff-sided robin are related to the direct and indirect actions of humans ("Homo sapiens"), including atmospheric pollution leading to climate change, altered fire regimes, pastoralism (exotic ruminants), introduction of feral animals, removal of apex predators (dingo
11505753
Muscular evolution in humans


amino acids, and one of the lowest amounts of myostatin in the animal kingdom. DNA and anthropologic data consider modern humans ("Homo sapiens sapiens") a primate and the descendants of ape-like species. Species of the genus ‘Homo’ are all extinct except humans, which are thought to have evolved from australopithecine ancestors originating in East Africa. The development of the modern human has taken place over some 300,000 years and unique adaptations have resulted from ecological pressures that "Homo Sapiens" has faced. Due prominently to
18683536
Semantic primes


primes and a more or less universal syntax since there is substantial evidence that all humans today descended from a common speech-enabled male and female "Homo sapiens" ancestor. Linguist Johanna Nichols traces "Homo sapiens" language origin as far back as 130,000 years ago, perhaps only 65,000 years after the earliest "Homo sapiens" fossil finds (Adler, 2000). Philosopher G. J. Whitrow expresses it: ...despite the great diversity of existing languages and dialect, the capacity for language appears to be identical in all races.
4119843
Bonobo


paniscus", "Homo sylvestris", or "Homo arboreus". An alternative philosophy suggests that the term "Homo sapiens" is the misnomer rather, and that humans should be reclassified as "Pan sapiens", though this would violate the Principle of Priority, as "Homo" was named before "Pan" (1758 for the former, 1816 for the latter). In either case, a name change of the genus would have implications on the taxonomy of extinct species closely related to humans, including "Australopithecus
1588406
Nudity


to some researchers, wearing clothes may predate early human global migrations by an additional 70,000 years. In this case, the migrations were themselves facilitated by the innovation of clothing. It is believed that earlier species of archaic humans, including Homo neanderthalensis, Homo rhodesiensis, Homo heidelbergensis, and Homo antecessor, either were not able to create true clothing, or were not able to do it as well as Homo sapiens sapiens (anatomically modern humans). In a paper published in Journal of Anthropological Archaeology,Researchers Mark Collard, Lia
18964865
Homo heidelbergensis


a fossil gap from 400–260 kya. The species was originally named "Homo heidelbergensis" due to the skeleton's first discovery near Heidelberg, Germany. The first discovery—a mandible—was made in 1907 by Otto Schoetensack. The skulls of this species share features with both "Homo erectus" and the anatomically modern "Homo sapiens"; its brain was nearly as large as that of "Homo sapiens". The Sima de los Huesos cave at Atapuerca in northern Spain holds particularly rich layers of deposits where excavations were still
5446912
Homo heidelbergensis


present in East and North Africa from around 400,000 years ago. The correct assignment of many fossils to a particular chronospecies is difficult and often differences in opinion ensue among paleoanthropologists due to the absence of universally accepted dividing lines (autapomorphies) between "Homo erectus", "Homo heidelbergensis", "Homo rhodesiensis" and Neanderthals. It is uncertain whether "H. heidelbergensis" is ancestral to "Homo sapiens", as a fossil gap in Africa between 400,000 and 260,000 years ago obscures the presumed derivation of "H. sapiens" from
5446914
Homo sapiens idaltu


African fossils, such as huge and robust skulls, yet have a globular shape of the brain-case and the facial features typical of "H. sapiens". Anthropologist Chris Stringer argued in a 2003 article in the journal "Nature" that "the skulls might not be distinctive enough to warrant a new subspecies name". These specimens represent the direct ancestors of modern "Homo sapiens sapiens" which, according to the "recent African origin (RAO)" or "out of Africa" model, developed shortly after this
6182531
Aris Poulianos


Greece that may be relevant is the Petralona hominid, found by chance in 1960 in a deep cavern in the Chalkidiki. Controversy surrounds the interpretation of this cranium, and it has been variously classified as "Homo erectus", as a classic Neanderthal ("Homo sapiens neanderthalensis"), and as an early representative of "Homo sapiens" in a generalized sense (Day 1986: 91-95). The consensus among paleoanthropologists today is that the cranium belongs to an archaic hominid distinguished from "Homo erectus", and
20788455
Homo


, more than 150,000 years older than previous "H. sapiens" finds in Europe. Most notable is the Southern Dispersal of "H. sapiens" around 60 kya, which led to the lasting peopling of Oceania and Eurasia by anatomically modern humans. "H. sapiens" interbred with archaic humans both in Africa and in Eurasia, in Eurasia notably with Neanderthals and Denisovans. Among extant populations of "Homo sapiens", the deepest temporal division is found in the San people of Southern Africa, estimated at close to 130,000 years, or
16216174
Xujiayao


representing a distinct hominin lineage. The Xujiayao fossils are characterized by a mix of Homo erectus and Homo sapiens features. The skulls also have a thick cranial vault, at the upper range of Homo erectus pekinensis. The maxilla exhibits features more typical of modern Homo sapiens. Dental analysis shows that the Xujiayao hominin appears to retain many archaic features found in hominin fossils, such as Homo pekinensis, from the Early and Middle Pleistocene in East Asia, share more similarities with these earlier East Asian hominins, and share some similarities with Neanderthals
2709757
PBDC1


"Homo sapiens" and "Macaca mulatta", which is still capable of phosphorylation, suggesting although there was a mutation, it would likely not result in a large change for the protein and its function. CXorf26 is strongly evolutionary conserved, with conservation found in Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. A multiple sequence alignment of 20 orthologous protein sequences reveals very strong conservation of the polysaccharide biosynthesis domain, but conservation after it was essentially non-existent in invertebrates. For those vertebrates that contained a sequence after the conserved domain, it was found to
15262665
Homo erectus


by contrast, "Homo sapiens" emerged about a quarter million years ago. If considering "Homo erectus" in its strict sense (that is, as referring to only the Asian variety) no consensus has been reached as to whether it is ancestral to "H. sapiens" or any later human species. "Wushan Man" was proposed as "Homo erectus wushanensis", but is now thought to be based upon fossilized fragments of an extinct non-hominin ape. Regarding many archaic humans, there is no definite consensus
13448336
Petralona cave


the wall. The fossil encrustation is insufficient to date it by alpha-spectrometric, uranium-series methods, yet its minimum age was concluded to be also 160.000 years. Today, most academics who have analyzed the Petralona remains classify the hominid as "Homo erectus". However, the "Archanthropus" of Petralona has also been classified as a "Homo heidelbergensis", Neanderthal ("Homo sapiens neanderthalensis") and as an early generic class of "Homo sapiens". A. Poulianos, on the other hand, believes
4966262
Race (human categorization)


and Asia. Virtually all physical anthropologists agree that "Archaic Homo sapiens" (A group including the possible species "H. heidelbergensis", "H. rhodesiensis" and "H. neanderthalensis") evolved out of African "Homo erectus" ("sensu lato") or "Homo ergaster." Anthropologists support the idea that anatomically modern humans ("Homo sapiens") evolved in North or East Africa from an archaic human species such as "H. heidelbergensis" and then migrated out of Africa, mixing with and replacing "H.
5998495
Archaeology of Israel


Golan Heights, where the Venus of Berekhat Ram was discovered, probably belongs to this cultural horizon. This statue is considered, by some, to be the earliest artistic representation of the human form. One of the human fossils from this period is the Galilee Skull–part of a skull discovered by Francis Turville-Petre in Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh, in Nahal Amud–which is considered today to be the skull of a "Homo heidelbergensis" or of an "early Homo Sapiens". Notable Acheulo-Yabrudian sites are
10023250
Dali Man


If reconstructed, the face would be probably be similar in overall dimensions to that of the Jinniushan man skull. There has been considerable debate regarding how to classify the fossil in terms of species, with some anthropologists insisting it to be a regional variant of "Homo heidelbergensis" and others categorizing it as an early representative of "Homo sapiens", and as such there is no current consensus on the species status of the Dali fossil. Some anthropologists, notably many Chinese representatives, cite the characteristics of the Dali cranium and other
2845210
Early human migrations


Africa, "Homo sapiens" dispersed around the time of its speciation, roughly 300,000 years ago. The recent African origin paradigm suggests that the anatomically modern humans outside of Africa descend from a population of "Homo sapiens" migrating from East Africa roughly 60-70,000 years ago and spreading along the southern coast of Asia and to Oceania before 50,000 years ago. Modern humans spread across Europe about 40,000 years ago. Early Eurasian Homo sapiens fossils have been found in Israel and Greece, dated to 194,000-177,000 and 210,000 years old
560366
Florisbad Skull


to early African human fossils. In a note to Dreyer's 1935 publication, C. U. Ariëns Kappers mentioned the close resemblance of the fossil to "Homo sapiens fossilis" (Cro-Magnon Man). M. R. Drennan (1935, 1937) emphasized resemblance to "Homo neanderthalensis", proposing is classification as "Homo florisbadensis (helmei)". A. Galloway (1937) proposed classification as "Homo sapiens", specifically noting a resemblance to modern Australoids. Commentators of the 1950s to 1970s have drawn attention to archaic African
11459050
Sagittal keel


not attach to it. Sagittal keels occur in several early human species, most noticeably in "Homo erectus", occasionally in "Homo heidelbergensis" and in some Upper Paleolithic Homo Sapiens specimens. Most modern "Homo sapiens" groups have lost them, likely as part of the general trend toward thinning of the cranial bones to make room for larger brains during the Pleistocene. However, there is a very small portion of modern humans who have this, but its function and etiology are unknown. Patrick Stewart of "" and
4014501
Solo Man


ago, overlapping with "Homo heidelbergensis" and possibly with early "Homo sapiens". Though its morphology was, for the most part, typical of "Homo erectus", its cranial capacity of 1,013–1,251 cm³ places it amongst the larger-brained representatives of its species (compared to 900 cm³ for the older Java Man), and its culture was also unusually advanced. Due to the tools found with the fossils and many of their more gracile anatomical features, Solo Man was first classified as a subspecies of "Homo sapiens
6242114
Kalambo Falls


the time. The Early Stone Age is described by Barham and Mitchell as the time period where the ancient ancestors of "Homo sapiens sapiens" first emerged, branching from the "Australopithecus afarensis", evolving into "Homo habilis" and then "Homo erectus" 2.6 million years ago to 280,000 years ago"." Archaeologists hypothesize that the technological progression over time can be examined in the morphological characteristics of tools that are associated with different eras of habitation. The earliest identified stone tools, made by "Homo habilis" are
6525366
Homo floresiensis


research teams argue that these features do not distinguish LB1 from local "H. sapiens" morphology. Lyras "et al." have asserted, based on 3D-morphometrics, that the skull of LB1 differs significantly from all "H. sapiens" skulls, including those of small-bodied individuals and microcephalics, and is similar to the skull of "Homo erectus" alone. Ian Tattersall argues that the species is wrongly classified as "Homo floresiensis" as it is far too archaic to assign to the genus "Homo".
7241814
Linnaean taxonomy


and treats "homo" as the genus of a species "Homo sapiens", with "sapiens" (Latin for "knowing" or "understanding") playing a differentiating role analogous to that played, in the Scholastic system, by "rationalis" (the word "homo", Latin for "human being", was used by the Scholastics to denote a species, not a genus). A strength of Linnaean taxonomy is that it can be used to organize the different kinds of living organisms, simply and
17642654
FAM46C


sapiens" FAM46C spans 22,456 bases on chromosome 1. Microarray data suggests that human FAM46C displays elevated expression levels in bone marrow, CD71+ early erythroid, various B-cells, T-cells, and lymphocytes, as well as all tissues associated with testes. "Homo sapiens" FAM46C is highly conserved in close orthologs with only small changes in protein AA sequence when comparing to other mammals. FAM46C and specifically the DUF1693 is traceable throughout the known metazoans, with a distant homolog found in "Trichoplax adhaerens", a member
11426745
The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans


20 years until 2027. Over the course of the last 2 million years at least two species of the genus "Homo" ("Homo erectus" and "Homo sapiens") have expanded out of Africa in successive waves into Asia and Europe. Modern humans ("Homo sapiens") were probably the only species of hominins capable of settling new territories such as Australia, the sub-arctic region and the Americas. While Australopithecines and early species of humans were limited by their natural environments—as most species are—
11812809
Scladina


apes than in humans and varies among human populations. The study of the child turned out to support the idea that extremely prolonged duration of human development is unique to "Homo sapiens" and a relatively recent development in human evolution. Although the matter is still debated, the more rapid development apparent in "Homo neanderthalensis" children (wherein sexual onset may have occurred up to 4 years sooner) puts Neanderthal development patterns at a progressive stage in between modern "Homo sapiens" and that of earlier species, such as "Homo
21464748
Nanjing Man


Asia and pre-modern "Homo sapiens" existed. A scientific consensus on the dispersal of "Homo sapiens" throughout the globe was reached in the early 21st century. However, the influence of East Asian "Homo erectus" subspecies on modern humans ancestry remains unclear. Morphological features of the Nanjing man fossils such as cranial capacity and the size a various cranial metrics differ significantly from other Chinese hominin subspecies. Despite this morphometric and morphological features fall well within the range expected for "Homo erectus". A high diversity in
5098526
Bone


in anthropology, archeology and forensic science for a variety of tasks. This can include determining the nutritional, health, age or injury status of the individual the bones were taken from. Preparing fleshed bones for these types of studies can involve the process of maceration. Typically anthropologists and archeologists study bone tools made by "Homo sapiens" and "Homo neanderthalensis". Bones can serve a number of uses such as projectile points or artistic pigments, and can also be made from external bones such as antlers. Bird skeletons are very
3693190
LGR5


plasma membrane. LGR5 is highly conserved within the mammalian clade. Sequence analyses showed that the transmembrane regions and cysteine-flanked junction between TM1 and the extracellular domain were highly conserved in sea anemone ("Anthopleura elegantissima"), fly ("Drosophila melanogaster"), worm ("Caenorhabditis elegans"), snail ("Lymnaea stagnalis"), rat ("Rattus rattus") and human ("Homo sapiens"). Homology amongst the metazoan suggests that it has been conserved across animals and was hypothesised as a
16262759
Tanzania


, such as 6 million year-old Pliocene hominid fossils. The genus Australopithecus ranged all over Africa 4-2 million years ago; and the oldest remains of the Homo genus are found near Lake Olduvai. Following the rise of "Homo erectus" 1.8 million years ago, mankind spread all over the Old World, and later in the New World and Australia under the species "Homo sapiens". Homo sapiens also overtook Africa and absorbed the older archaic species and subspecies of humanity. One of the oldest known ethnic groups
11083244
Human taxonomy


" was proposed by King (1864) as an alternative to "Homo neanderthalensis". There have been "taxonomic wars" over whether Neanderthals were a separate species since their discovery in the 1860s. Pääbo (2014) frames this as a debate that is unresolvable in principle, "since there is no definition of species perfectly describing the case." Louis Lartet (1869) proposed "Homo sapiens fossilis" based on the Cro-Magnon fossils. There are a number of proposals of extinct varieties of "Homo sapiens"
21999137
Race (human categorization)


behaviour, others in the scientific community suggest that the idea of race often is used in a naive or simplistic way, and argue that, among humans, race has no taxonomic significance by pointing out that all living humans belong to the same species, "Homo sapiens", and (as far as applicable) subspecies, "Homo sapiens sapiens". Since the second half of the 20th century, the association of race with the ideologies and theories of scientific racism has led to the use of the word "race"
5998475
Paleodemography


for the population of "Homo" ancestral to modern humans over the past one to two million years. For the time of speciation of "Homo sapiens", ca. 130,000 years ago, Sjödin et al. (2012) estimate an effective population size of the order of 10,000 to 30,000 individuals, and infer an actual "census population" of early "Homo sapiens" of roughly 100,000 to 300,000 individuals. The authors also note that their model disfavours the assumption of an early (pre-"Out-of-Africa")
10396758
Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 142


organisms are labeled by the first letter of their genus and the first two letters of their species. The whole CCDC142 protein is highly conserved in mammals. The regions containing the "Homo sapiens" coiled-coil domain and the RINT1_TIP1 motif region are highly conserved in distant homologs. 12 of the 15 amino acids that match across all organisms in this region are nonpolar. Conserved Region 1 contains mostly nonpolar amino acids. Conserved Region 2 contains mostly nonpolar and basic amino acids. Conserved Region 3 contains both polar and nonpolar amino acids
13395494
The Naked Ape


to meet the challenges of prehistoric life as a hunter . The book was so named because out of 193 species of monkeys and apes, only humans ("Homo sapiens sapiens") are not covered in hair. Desmond Morris, the author, who had been the curator of mammals at London Zoo, said his book was intended to popularise and demystify science. Morris said that "Homo sapiens" not only have the largest brains of all higher primates, but that sexual selection in human evolution has caused humans to have the
17061199
Sublime (Marvel Comics)


the world including "homo sapiens superior" and "homo sapiens sapiens" (which was on the verge of extinction). Sublime longed to wipe out all other species, thus bringing evolution to halt, and replace it with the stagnation of his own mass-produced minions, including the Crawlers, genetic constructs made from the DNA of Nightcrawler and empowered with the genetic codes of Multiple Man and Cyclops. Sublime was aided by his champion, Apollyon, the last of the U-Men and the result of the separation of
20694692
Neanderthal


, it was increasingly common to use the subspecies classification of "Homo sapiens neanderthalensis" vs. "Homo sapiens sapiens". The hypothesis of "multiregional origin" of modern man was formulated in the 1980s on such grounds, arguing for the presence of an unbroken succession of fossil sites in both Europe and Asia. Hybridization between Neanderthals and Cro Magnon had been suggested on skeletal and craniological grounds since the early 20th century, and found increasing support in the later 20th century, until Neanderthal admixture was found to be present in modern populations
9604101
Neoteny in humans


that separate modern humans from extant chimpanzees were present in Homo erectus to an even higher degree than in Homo sapiens, keeping general neoteny valid for the erectus to sapiens transition although there were perimorphic changes separating erectus from even earlier hominins such as most Australopithecus. Later research shows that some species of Australopithecus, including Australopithecus sediba, had the non-neotenic traits of Homo erectus to at least the same extent which separate them from other Australopithecus, making it possible that general neoteny applies throughout the evolution of the genus Homo depending on what
21529538
Homo sapiens


times and regions where anatomically modern and archaic humans co-existed, for example, in Paleolithic Europe. The binomial name "Homo sapiens" was coined by Linnaeus, 1758. The Latin noun "homō" (genitive "hominis") means "human being", while the participle "sapiēns" means "discerning, wise, sensible". The species was initially thought to have emerged from a predecessor within the genus "Homo" around 300,000 to 200,000 years ago. A problem with the morphological classification of "anatomically
12432210
Homo erectus


and Peking Man. Still, ""Homo ergaster"" has gained some acceptance as a valid taxon, and the two species are still usually defined as distinct African and Asian populations of the greater species "H. erectus", that is, ""Homo erectus sensu lato"". One of the features distinguishing "H. erectus" from "H. sapiens" is the size difference in teeth. "H. erectus" has large teeth while "H. sapiens" have smaller teeth. One theory for the reason of "
13448312
Dali Man


similar era. The fossil is considered to be the most complete skull of that time period found in China. Access to Dali Man is restricted. The cranium is currently housed in the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, China. The Dali cranium is interesting to modern anthropologists as it is possibly a well-preserved example of archaic "Homo sapiens"; it has a mixture of traits from "Homo erectus" and "Homo sapiens". The details of the face and skull are however distinct from European Neanderthals
2845206
Philippine mythology


"Homo sapiens" arrived roughly around 67,000 years ago, replaced "Homo luzonensis", and laid the foundation for the development of belief systems. The Negrito peoples are theorized by some scholars to be the first Homo sapiens inhabitants of the Philippines (although there is currently ongoing debate on the matter), and thus, the first peoples to formally establish belief systems in the archipelago. These Negritos, through the "Out-of-Sundaland model", were an early split-off from the first migration phase, which
6507317
Homo floresiensis


separate hominin species that evolved in isolation on the island. Cranio-osteoanatomical and pathological analysis of LB1 skull by micro-computed tomography however, revealed no pathologies, and no features of "Homo sapiens" microcephaly, and scientists Balzeau and Charlier conclude that the specimen is not of "Homo sapiens" origin. Additional features used to argue that the finds come from a population of previously unidentified hominids include the absence of a chin, the relatively low twist of the arm bones, and the thickness of the leg bones. The
7241832
Names for the human species


Arendt 1958) and "animal symbolicum" "symbolizing animal" (Ernst Cassirer 1944). The binomial name "Homo sapiens" was coined by Carl Linnaeus (1758). Names for other human species were introduced beginning in the second half of the 19th century ("Homo neanderthalensis" 1864, "Homo erectus" 1892). There is no consensus on the taxonomic delineation between human species, human subspecies and the human races. On the one hand, there is the proposal that "H. sapiens idaltu" (2003
7741994
Names for the human species


s. tasmanianus" for Australians. The conventional division of extant human populations into taxonomic subspecies was gradually abandoned beginning in the 1970s. Similarly, there are proposals to classify Neanderthals and "Homo rhodesiensis" as subspecies of "H. sapiens", although it remains more common to treat these last two as separate species within the genus "Homo" rather than as subspecies within "H. sapiens". Jared Diamond in "The Third Chimpanzee" (1991), and Morris Goodman (2003) argued that "Homo" is not sufficiently
7741996
Mutant (Marvel Comics)


In American comic books published by Marvel Comics, a mutant is a human being that possesses a genetic trait called the X-gene. It causes the mutant to develop superhuman powers that manifest at puberty. Human mutants are sometimes referred to as a human subspecies Homo sapiens superior, or simply Homo superior. Mutants are the evolutionary progeny of "Homo sapiens", and are generally assumed to be the next stage in human evolution. The accuracy of this is the subject of much debate in the Marvel Universe. Unlike Marvel's
12358436
Jebel Irhoud


supporting the conclusion that these fossils are representative of the main lineage leading up to modern humanity, and that "Homo sapiens" had dispersed and developed all across Africa. Because of the unclear boundaries between different species of the genus "Homo", and the lack of genomic evidence from these fossils, some doubt the classification of these fossils as "Homo sapiens". Questions remain over the classification of these fossils. When comparing the fossils with those of modern humans, the main difference is the elongated shape of the fossil braincase
13615746
Prehistory of Myanmar


Chindwin rivers that had been inhabited since the Paleolithic. The Pyu were followed by various groups such as the Mon, the Arakanese and the Mranma (Burmans) in the first millennium CE. By the Pagan period, inscriptions show Thets, Kadus, Sgaws, Kanyans, Palaungs, Was and Shans also inhabited the Irrawaddy valley and its peripheral regions. "Homo erectus" began to settle in Burma in 750,000 BCE before the arrival of "Homo sapiens" from Africa. Archaeological evidence of "Homo sapiens" has been dated to
1376754
Randy Newman (album)


the 97th greatest album of the 1960s by "Pitchfork". Newman later commented on the lack of influence from rock and roll on the album. "It's like I'd never heard The Rolling Stones. I thought you could move things along just with the orchestra, that it was somehow cheating to use drums. What Van Dyke and I, and Harry Nilsson to some degree, were doing, it was like a branch of homo sapiens that didn't become homo sapiens. Homo erectus," he said. Newman
14834270