Philips Pavilion [SEP] architect
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Expo 58


pavilion was designed by the architects Egon Eiermann and Sep Ruf. The world press called it the most polished and sophisticated pavilion of the exhibition. The pavilion of Yugoslavia was designed by the architect Vjenceslav Richter, who originally proposed to suspend the whole structure from a giant cable-stayed mast. When that proved too complicated, Richter devised a tension column consisting of six steel arches supported by a pre-stressed cable, which stood in front of the pavilion as a visual marker and symbolized Yugoslavia's six constituent republics. Filled with
18491950
Sep Ruf


Sep Ruf (full name Franz Joseph Ruf; 9 March 1908, in Munich – 29 July 1982, in Munich) was a German architect and designer, belonging to the Bauhaus group. He was one of the representatives of modern architecture in Germany after World War II. His elegant buildings received high credits in Germany and Europe and his German pavilion of the Expo 58 in Brussels, built together with Egon Eiermann, achieved worldwide recognition. He attended the Interbau 1957 in Berlin-Hansaviertel and was one of the three architects who
20990472
New York State Pavilion


The New York State Pavilion is a historic world's fair pavilion at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Flushing, Queens, New York. The New York State Pavilion was designed in 1962 for the 1964 New York World's Fair by architects Philip Johnson and Richard Foster, with structural engineer Lev Zetlin. The pavilion consists of three components of reinforced concrete and steel construction: the "Tent of Tomorrow", Observation Towers, and "Theaterama". The Tent of Tomorrow is elliptical in plan, and its sixteen 100-foot reinforced concrete
13743210
Sep Ruf


Academy of Fine Arts, Nuremberg. They were placed within a garden of 6000 m² and in the middle was a little pond. The garden was designed by the landscape architect Walter Rossow from the Deutscher Werkbund. There was a 57 m long steel-bridge with a 50 m high pylon. The newspapers of the world gave the best critics. The Times, London, wrote: "It is the most elegant pavilion of the exhibition". In 1962 Ruf, Egon Eiermann and Paul Baumgarten got the top secret order to
20990486
Philip Rose (theatrical producer)


by Philip Rose Nov 18, 1964 - Nov 27, 1965 Produced by Philip Rose Apr 17, 1964 - Apr 18, 1964 Produced by Philip Rose Dec 19, 1963 - Jun 20, 1964 Produced by Philip Rose Feb 19, 1963 - Mar 9, 1963 Produced by Philip Rose May 19, 1962 - Sep 15, 1962 Produced by Philip Rose Sep 28, 1961 - May 12, 1962 Produced by Philip Rose Mar 10, 1960 - Mar 12, 1960 Produced by Philip Rose Mar 11, 1959 - Jun
20481572
Academy of Fine Arts, Nuremberg


The Academy of Fine Arts Nuremberg () was founded in 1662 by Jacob von Sandrart and is the oldest art academy in German-speaking Central Europe. The art academy is situated in Nuremberg. Classes include studies in fine arts, sculpture, visual arts, painting, artistic concepts, art education, gold- and silversmithing, as well as graphic design. There are master courses in Architecture and Urban Studies, and Art and Public Space. Teaching takes place today in an ensemble of transparent pavilions that were designed by German architect Sep
3066239
Cafe Fantasy


were employed by renowned architects throughout the world. The buildings created according to those methods include Shukhov Tower (hyperbolic steel gridshell), the famous Philips Pavilion (1958) designed by Iannis Xenakis and Le Corbusier, the beautiful buildings constructed by Félix Candela using hyperbolic paraboloid structure, John F. Kennedy (JFK) Airport designed by architect Eero Saarinen, Geodesic Domes by R. Buckminster Fuller, Sydney Opera House by Jorn Utzon, striking constructions by the famous Swiss engineer Heinz Isler, the bus terminal by Eladio Dieste, seaside pavilions by the
19033717
Palacio de la Ribera


the crown prince Philip IV was born in Valladolid. A manuscript written in 1626 by architect Juan Gómez de Mora, Francisco de Mora’s nephew and preserved at the Vatican Library tells about the palace: The Palacio de la Ribera was divided into two parts: one part facing north of the main pavilion, which was one of the sides of a closed courtyard with three arcaded galleries, and the other facing south, with a construction that formed an angle with the main pavilion and a garden decorated with parterres. There was a
3531456
Chrysler Building


mechanical systems were modernized and the interior was modified. Renowned architect Philip Johnson replaced the glass facade with darker glass and added a extension. After the addition, the total area of this building was . Finally, a new building, which was also designed by Philip Johnson, was built between the original skyscraper and the annex. This became the Chrysler Trylons, a commercial pavilion three stories high with a retail area of . Its design, consisting of three triangular glass pyramids that intersect each other, was inspired by the triangular windows
6871332
1964 New York World's Fair


/service module, and a Lunar Excursion Module. Replicas of unmanned spacecraft included lunar probe Ranger VII; Mariner II and Mariner IV; Syncom, Telstar I, and Echo II communications satellites; Explorer I and Explorer XVI; and Tiros and Nimbus weather satellites. New York played host to the fair at its six-million-dollar open-air pavilion called the "Tent of Tomorrow." Designed by famed modernist architect Philip Johnson, the 350-foot-by-250-foot pavilion was supported by sixteen 100-foot-high concrete columns, from
12374833
Philips Pavilion


The Philips Pavilion was a World's Fair pavilion designed for Expo '58 in Brussels by the office of Le Corbusier. Commissioned by electronics manufacturer Philips, the pavilion was designed to house a multimedia spectacle that celebrated postwar technological progress. Because Corbusier was busy with the planning of Chandigarh, much of the project management was assigned to Iannis Xenakis, who was also an experimental composer and was influenced in the design by his composition "Metastaseis". The reinforced concrete pavilion is a cluster of nine hyperbolic paraboloids in which music, Edgar
12590188
Robert Seppings


Sir Robert Seppings, FRS (11 December 176725 April 1840) was an English naval architect. Seppings was born to Robert and Lydia Seppings at Fakenham, Norfolk, on 11 December 1767 and baptised three days later. In 1782 he was apprenticed in HMNB Devonport, Plymouth. In 1800, when he had risen to be master shipwright assistant in the yard, he invented a device which greatly reduced the time required to repair the lower portions of ships in dry dock when compared with the laborious process of lifting then in vogue.
18514390
Iannis Xenakis


(1966); electronic works created using Xenakis's UPIC system; and the massive multimedia performances Xenakis called "polytopes", that were a summa of his interests and skills. Among the numerous theoretical writings he authored, the book "" (French edition 1963, English translation 1971) is regarded as one of his most important. As an architect, Xenakis is primarily known for his early work under Le Corbusier: the Sainte Marie de La Tourette, on which the two architects collaborated, and the Philips Pavilion at Expo
467747
Luce Memorial Chapel


conoid structure, with four warped leaves rising to 19.2 m high, establishing itself as a central landmark on campus. The chapel was first conceived as a multi-planar, wooden structure, but the architects soon abandoned the idea of using wood due both to the humid environment and to seismic concerns. The form of four curved surfaces built with reinforced concrete was likely influenced by the design of the Philips Pavilion, designed by renowned architect Le Corbusier for the Brussels World’s Fair (known as Expo 58) in 1958. However
6402600
Adirondack Bank Center


out the process, led by Frank M. Romano, then hired Gilbert Seltzer, a well-known architect at that time, to draw up plans for the building. A site was found along the old Erie Canal, and groundbreaking took place April 15, 1957. The arena was constructed using the world's first pre-stressed dual cable roof system, designed by Lev Zetlin (who would later partner with architect Philip Johnson to construct both the New York State Pavilion "Tent of Tomorrow" seen at the 1964 World's
12751170
Yana Peel


and Bloomberg as partners to help meet the Serpentine's annual £9.5m target". Peel and Obrist selected both the first African architect to work on a pavilion, and the youngest architect to do so. In 2018, she broadened the global reach of the Serpentine Pavilion programme by announcing the launch of a pavilion in Beijing designed by Sichuan practice, Jiakun Architects. Together with Lord Richard Rogers and Sir David Adjaye, Peel and Obrist selected Burkina Faso architect Diébédo Francis Kéré to design the 2017 pavilion. The pavilion was awarded
7289342
Philip Rose (theatrical producer)


Philip Rose November 10, 1983 - December 4, 1983 Directed by Philip Rose; Book by Philip Rose Dec 20, 1979 - Jan 27, 1980 Directed by Philip Rose Apr 12, 1979 - May 27, 1979 Directed by Philip Rose; Produced by Philip Rose May 10, 1978 - May 13, 1978 Produced by Philip Rose Jan 4, 1977 - Mar 5, 1977 Produced by Philip Rose Sep 27, 1976 - Oct 18, 1976 Directed by Philip Rose; Produced by Philip Rose; Book by Philip Rose
20481570
Exelon Pavilions


$5.5 million of which was donated by Exelon and ComEd. The lead designer for the North Pavilions was Thomas H. Beeby of Hammond Beeby Rupert Ainge Architects. Beeby's designs for the North Pavilions are "in harmony with the Harris Theater", for which he was the architect as well. The North Pavilions are along Randolph Street on either side of the theater, which is Millennium Park's indoor performing-arts venue. The South Pavilions were designed by architect Renzo Piano of Renzo Piano Building Workshop. Piano designed the Art
18839266
Ibero-American Exposition of 1929


live llamas grazing on the pavilion grounds. The Republic of Colombia constructed a pavilion designed by Seville architect José Granados. The pavilion included a collection of sculpture and artwork by Colombian artist Rómulo Rozo, and of Colombian emeralds, and a coffee café that demonstrated all of the steps in coffee cultivation. The Brazilian pavilion also contained a coffee cultivation exhibit complete with panoramas and models illustrating the different phases of cultivation. Architect Pedro Paulo Bernardes Bastos designed the pavilion, which also included a coffee bar. Chilean architect designed the three-story
13645303
Canadian Pavilion


. Robbie and his team were smokers, and while working with cardboard boxes as models for planned pavilion structures, someone placed a large, green, inverted pyramid-shaped ashtray, amidst the boxes. That became the inspiration for Katimavik. The Canadian Pavilion was designed by architects Rod Robbie and Colin Vaughan of the firm Ashworth, Robbie, Vaughan and Williams Architects and Planners, Paul Schoeler of Schoeler, Barkham and Heaton Architects and Planning Consultants, and Matt Stankiewicz of Z. Matthew Stankiewicz Architect, with consulting architects Evans St. Gelais and
5906843
Concord Pavilion


Concord Pavilion (formerly known as Sleep Train Pavilion and Chronicle Pavilion) is an amphitheatre located in Concord, California. It is owned by the City of Concord and operated by Live Nation. The Pavilion has a capacity of 12,500 people and opened in 1975 as the Concord Pavilion. It is used for concerts, local community events (including an annual jazz festival) and local high school graduations. The Pavilion was designed by architect Frank Gehry and landscape architect Peter Walker. Gehry also designed its mid-1990s renovations, which included more parking
14888305
Sep Ruf


The only high building is the auditorium, on both sides open with glass-walls. The way to build these pavilions was later used again for the pavilions of the Expo 58 in Brussels. The studios and ateliers are looking to the atrium, so the students can work inside as well as outside in the green patio. It was the first building in southern Germany that became heritage-protected. One of his most elegant buildings was the New Maxburg in Munich. William V., Duke of Bavaria, built the residence from
20990483
Sep Ruf


is a green meadow and a fountain. The building of Justice is one of the most elegant buildings in Europe, like Nikolaus Pevsner wrote. Especially the Atrium with the glass-ceiling and the curved stair is impressing. The sign of the Expo 58 in Brussels was the Atomium. 41.454.412 people visited the exhibition. Ruf and Egon Eiermann made plans for the German pavilion and it was decided they should work together. They decided to build eight glass-pavilions that were connected with open pathways, like Ruf had designed for the
20990485
Expo 58


". The Czechoslovak pavilion was visited by 6 million people and was officially awarded the best pavilion of the Expo 58. This was designed by the architect Pedro Ramírez Vázquez. It was awarded the exposition's star of gold. The city of Paris had its own pavilion, separate from the French one. This was produced by the designer James Gardner, architect Howard Lobb & engineer Felix Samuely. The on-site British architect was Michael Blower, Brussels born and bilingual. The Soviet pavilion was a large impressive building which they
18491947
Frame Contemporary Art Finland


registered in May 2012. Frame commissions and produces exhibitions for the Pavilion of Finland at the Venice International Art Exhibition (Venice Biennale, La Biennale di Venezia). Finland also co-exhibits with Norway and Sweden in the Nordic Pavilion. The Finnish pavilion is designed by architect Alvar Aalto (1954), and the Nordic Pavilion by architect Sverre Fehn (1964). Both pavilions are located in the Giardini, the main exhibition venue at the Biennale. In 2017, the Finnish pavilion will feature "The Aalto Natives",
16995163
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts


, and performance space and includes construction of three pavilions (the Welcome Pavilion, the Skylight Pavilion, and the River Pavilion), reflecting pool, a tree grove, a sloping lawn to be used for outdoor performances, and a pedestrian bridge over Rock Creek Parkway. The architect is Steven Holl, with assistance from architectural firm BNIM. Edmund Hollander Landscape Architects is the landscape architect. Plans for the project began after David M. Rubenstein donated $50 million to the center. A groundbreaking ceremony took place in December 2014. Originally
10459772
Barrière d’Enfer


robbery", while others believe that the name comes from a corruption of the Latin "via inferior "(in contrast with Rue Saint-Jacques, which was known as the "via superior"). According to Michel Roblin, the name may be derived from the nickname "en fer" ("of iron") given to a door on the Wall of Philip II Augustus. The two neo-classical pavilions that make up the Barrière were built in 1787 by the architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, both of which
17509899
Charles Holden


Geurst and Karol, probably on the one at Forceville that was selected as the prototype for all that followed. In 1920, he was promoted to be the fourth principal architect. His work for the Commission included memorials to the New Zealand missing dead at Messines Ridge British Cemetery, and the Buttes New British Cemetery at Zonnebeke. His designs were stripped of ornament, often using simple detailed masses of Portland stone in the construction of the shelters and other architectural elements. Philip Longworth's history of the Commission described Holden's pavilions at
2255271
Robert Indiana


” with “DIE”. In a major career milestone, the architect Philip Johnson commissioned an "EAT" sign for the New York State Pavilion at the 1964 New York World's Fair. The sign was turned off one day after the opening of the fair because visitors believed it to mark a restaurant. Andy Warhol's contribution to the fair was also removed that day. Other well-known works by Indiana include: his painting the unique basketball court formerly used by the Milwaukee Bucks in that city's MECCA Arena,
2446948
Luce Memorial Chapel


, unlike the Philips Pavilion and other contemporary ruled-surface buildings of the era, Luce Chapel is not a thin-shell structure. The chapel’s planes are composed of lattice beams that gradually grow thicker as they descend. The structural concept might be influenced by that of the Yale University Art Gallery, completed in 1953 and designed by Louis Kahn, another noted architect of the time. The exterior of the Chapel is covered with yellow, glazed, diamond-shaped tiles echoing the diamond-shaped coffer beams on the building
6402601
China pavilion at Expo 2010


On October 1, 2012, it was reopened as the China Art Museum, the largest art museum in Asia. The building was located halfway along the Expo Axis on its eastern side in Zone A of the Expo Park. The pavilion lay directly to the east of the Theme pavilions and to the north of the Hong Kong and Macau pavilions. The chosen design was selected from a range of 344 design proposals put forward by architects from all over the world. The chief architect of the pavilion was 72-year-old He Jingtang
16251275
Beaver Lake (Montreal)


for various recreational activities: skating and sliding in the winter, vast lawns in summer. Built between 1956 and 1958, inaugurated in 1961, the pavilion is located west of the lake. Designed by architects Hazen Sise and Guy Desbarats, it was considered one of the most innovative buildings in Montreal, with a corrugated roof and large windows. It was renovated in 2005-2007. The pavilion houses a restaurant named "The Pavilion". In 2007, the Ordre des architectes du Québec (Order of Architects of Quebec)
16028017
George Stanley Repton


George Stanley Repton (1786–1858) was an English architect. George Stanley, the fourth son of Humphry Repton, was a pupil of Augustus Charles Pugin, and entered the office of John Nash, becoming one of his chief assistants. In conjunction with Nash, he altered and enlarged the opera house in Haymarket, London, and designed the church of St Philip, Regent Street. He also assisted his father and brother in the plans for the Royal Pavilion at Brighton, and designed the library at Lord Darnley's seat of Cobham
11761862
Philip J. Purcell


of Business, then to the London School of Economics, paying his own way through graduate school with the fellowships and his own earnings and savings. In October 2006, Purcell contributed $12.5 million for the renovation of Notre Dame basketball arena, which was renamed "Purcell Pavilion" in his honor. Purcell has been a significant figure in the financial services industry for over 30 years. He was the main architect of Dean Witter’s acquisition of Morgan Stanley in 1997, and was Chairman and CEO of the merged firm (known
17553204
Royal Garrison Church, Aldershot


to make Aldershot a permanent Camp in 1857 a new site was chosen for the building of a permanent Garrison Church near to the Royal Pavilion, and this is the Garrison Church we see today. The architect was Philip Charles Hardwick (1822-1892), who designed a red-brick structure in the Gothic Revival style. The Church measures 143 feet in length and is 68 feet wide and can seat 1,250 worshippers. The spire is 170 feet tall and is a local landmark. The Church was consecrated by the Charles Richard
20392162
Congressional Country Club


It was designed in 1924 by architect Philip M. Jullien (1875-1963). Congressional Country Club has an indoor duck pin bowling alley, tennis club, grand ballroom, one indoor and a lap pool with diving boards, a kids pool and main pool, fitness center and grand foyer. Food and Beverage outlets consist of The House Grill, The Chop House, The Founders Pub, The Pavilion, The Main Dining Room, The Stonebar, The Stop and Go, Midway House and Beverage Carts. It also has 21
2063537
Vorontsov Palace (Alupka)


Crimea to Russia. On acquiring ownership of the site, Vorontsov immediately employed the German gardener Karl Kebach to further improve the site and layout the grounds and gardens for the proposed new palace. In 1824, the architect Philip Elson was commissioned to build a small house for the Vorontsov family to inhabit while the new palace was under construction. Now much altered in form, and known as the Asiatic Pavilion, this building still stands. Originally, the prince wanted a strictly Classical design, and plans for such a design were executed
20948681
Dumbarton Oaks


Room features displays of tapestries, sculptures, paintings, and furniture dating from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries. The Blisses used the room for hosting musical programs and scholarly lectures, and it continues to serve these purposes. In 1959, the Blisses commissioned the New York City architect Philip Johnson to design a pavilion for the Robert Woods Bliss Collection of Pre-Columbian Art. This building—eight domed circular galleries (having an unroofed fountain area at the center) set within a perfect square—recalls Islamic architectural ideas, and
3549337
Thirteen Most Wanted Men


two weeks before the fair was due to open - Philip Johnson, the architect of the pavilion, told Warhol that he must remove or replace the work within 24 hours. The stated reason was that the Governor of New York Nelson Rockefeller was concerned that the images - mostly depicting men of Italian descent - would be insulting to an important segment of his electorate. Other reasons later reported for the work being painted over included Warhol's dissatisfaction with the work, or with the way it had been hung, or his concern at
3757086
Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute


The Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute (MWPAI) is a regional fine arts center founded in 1919 and located in Utica, New York. The institute has three program divisions: The museum of art has a substantial permanent collection of internationally recognized works. They are exhibited in the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Museum of Art Building. It is an International-style building designed by architect Philip Johnson and completed in 1960. A model of the building was exhibited in the United States Pavilion at the Brussels' World
8486925
Philip Johnson


architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who was at the time designing the German Pavilion for the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition. The meeting formed the basis for a lifelong relationship of both collaboration and competition In 1930 Johnson joined the architecture department of the Museum of Modern Art in New York. There he arranged for American visits by Gropius and Le Corbusier, and negotiated the first American commission for Mies van der Rohe. In 1932, working with Hitchcock and Alfred H. Barr, Jr., he organized the first exhibition on Modern architecture at
8740447
Canadian Pavilion


sloping walls featured giant sculptures of a sun dial, hour glass, compass and Kyogen and Haida masks. Expo chief architect Édouard Fiset had initially insisted the Canadian Pavilion be much smaller, confined to a single acre. Architect Rod Robbie felt strongly that Canada's pavilion had to have the largest site on the fair, demanding 11.5 acres. Robbie's vision was ultimately successful thanks to the support of federal minister Mitchell Sharp as well as Canadian Pavilion commissioner H. Leslie Brown. The inverted pyramid shape of the pavilion came about by chance
5906842
Glen Innes Showground


cattle pavilion between 1909 and 1910. New entrance gates were erected in 1911. In 1922 a major addition to the Main Exhibition Pavilion was designed by architect F. J. Madigan, a widely noted architect and mentor for his son, Colin Madigan. In that same year the sheep pavilion was completed and a new piggery and a new refreshment room was constructed. It is to be noted that the new buildings at the showground used designs sympathetic to the buildings already established on the grounds. This dedication to creating a cohesive suite of architect
4173281
Oliver Hill (architect)


as architect for the pavilion he told him to avoid modernism and to focus on the presentation of traditional crafts, and there was considerable criticism that the result was underwhelming compared to the other pavilions' nationalistic projections of strength. The British budget for its pavilion was only a small fraction of Germany's, however. The main architectural element of Hill's pavilion was a simple white box, but it contained a spiral ramp circling the display space, and other elements of the complex also contained prominent circular features. Hill blamed Adolf Hitler
10986601
Meštrović Pavilion


to present the history of the building. In 1993, the City Council of Zagreb granted permission to the Croatian Association of Artists to move their seat back to the pavilion. Renovation of the pavilion began in 2001 according to the plans of architect Andrija Mutnjaković. The first phase of construction included the removal of all non-original layers and structures and was completed in 2003. In 2006, parts of the cellar and ground floor were renovated following the plans of architect Branko Silađin. The pavilion presently serves as the official seat of
11844383
Oare Pavilion


acquainted with Pei's father, a banker. The Keswicks wished for an "airy garden pavilion for family activities and guests" that would provide a focal point in the landscape surrounding Oare House. Pei subsequently received the RIBA Gold Medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects in 2010. In a 2010 profile of Pei written by Paula Deitz for the "Architects Journal", described the Oare Pavilion in the context of its surrounding landscape as "In lieu of an 18th-century folly, the Oare Pavilion is updated 21st-
1514325
Mathews & Associates Architects


take a few exclusive  works of architects’ or artists’, but the projects of over a 1000 South African participants, probably making this one of the most representative pavilions in the history of South Africa’s involvement with the Biennale. The South African Pavilion pavilion concept responded to the theme by exhibiting the work of hundreds of South Africans who participated in a project called Cool Capital. The 2016 was exhibition was the first South African Pavilion to feature in the official catalogue that printed and distributed by the Biennale Foundation in Venice. Cool
8583713
Landis Gores


Landis Gores (August 31, 1919 – March 18, 1991) was an American architect, native to Cincinnati, Ohio. Landis was known for his modernist Gores Pavilion, the Gores Family House, and the House for All Seasons. After growing up in the Midwest and graduating Summa Cum Laude from Princeton in 1939, Gores continued his education at Harvard Graduate School of Design. In Landis's opinion, Harvard had the best architectural department. While at Harvard, Landis became close with fellow student Philip Johnson and professor Marcel Breuer
13245121
Sarasota School of Architecture


and Brentwood Elementary School (with William Rupp). Rupp (with partner Joe Farrell) designed the Scott Commercial Building. Jack West's work included Sarasota City Hall, First Federal Savings Bank, and Nokomis Beach Pavilion. Most of these structures have been recognized by the American Institute of Architects and/or have been placed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Local entrepreneur Philip Hiss played a key role in the proliferation of Sarasota modernism. He initiated residential developments (such as Lido Shores) that showcased innovative modern architecture. He
14311865
Hugh Newell Jacobsen


education, Jacobsen briefly worked in New Canaan, Connecticut, apprenticing to Philip Johnson in 1955. Subsequently, Jacobsen worked for Keyes, Lethbridge and Condon in Washington, D.C. (1957–1958). In 1958, Jacobsen opened his eponymous Georgetown architectural firm and has maintained the small, private practice there since. Jacobsen is widely known for his modern pavilion-based residences — composed of simple, gabled forms, rectangular in plan. Unlike other second-generation Modernist architects who revisited the iconic European houses of the 1920s or the American shingle
16319878
Lincoln Kirstein


tour for musicians and dancers from the Japanese Imperial Household Agency. At that time, Japanese Imperial court music, "gagaku," had only rarely been performed outside the Imperial Music Pavilion in Tokyo at some of the great Japanese shrines. Kirstein commissioned and helped to fund the physical home of the New York City Ballet: the New York State Theater building at Lincoln Center, designed in 1964 by architects Philip Johnson and John Burgee. Despite its conservative modernist exterior, the glittery red and gold interior recalls the imaginative and lavish backdrops
3769249
Rod Robbie


Stankiewicz of Z. Matthew Stankiewicz Architect, with consulting architects Evans St. Gelais and Arthur Erickson. Expo chief architect Édouard Fiset had initially insisted the Canadian Pavilion be much smaller, confined to a single acre. Robbie felt strongly that Canada's pavilion had to have the largest site on the fair, demanding 11.5 acres. His vision was ultimately successful thanks to the support of federal minister Mitchell Sharp as well as Canadian Pavilion commissioner H. Leslie Brown. In the early 1980s Robbie teamed with structural engineer Michael Allen of the firm Adjeleian, Allen
9330171
Stern


called for "fashioning" the after part of the ship. This frame is designed to support the various beams that make up the stern. In 1817 the British naval architect Sir Robert Seppings first introduced the concept of the round or "circular" stern. The square stern had been an easy target for enemy cannon, and could not support the weight of heavy stern chase guns. But Seppings' design left the rudder head exposed, and was regarded by many as simply ugly—no American warships were designed with such sterns
8660971
Theophilus P. Chandler Jr.


Theophilus Parsons Chandler Jr. (Sep 7, 1845– August 16, 1928) was an American architect of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He spent his career at Philadelphia, and is best remembered for his churches and country houses. He founded the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania (1890), and served as its first head. Born in Boston on 7 Sep 1845, the son of Theophilus Parsons Chandler and his wife Elizabeth J Schlatter, Chandler was educated at Harvard University and in the atelier of
21803666
VDNKh (Russia)


built the restored pavilion of the soviet pavilion that was on Expo 67 that was in 1967 in Montreal and become the "Moscow pavilion". All the pavilions and the fountains were planned by Soviet architects and the fountains were designed by Soviet artists. All designed in Stalinist architecture, some pavilions were built in wedding cake style like the "central pavilion" that was famous in the communist states in that time. In 2008 the "big constructivist pavilion" was built as a replica of the original Soviet pavilion of 1937 Expo that
19877646
Burnham Pavilions


exhibit until November. Additionally, the Hadid Pavilion may be situated in a different part of the park for part of 2010. The choices of Hadid and van Berkel were somewhat controversial because Burnham was a classicist and they are both avant-garde modernists. Additionally, local architects complained that it was a bit of a slight that two European architects were chosen to produce works to serve as the focal points of the Burnham Plan Centennial celebration. The pavilions were scheduled to be a focal point of the centennial celebration of the 1909 Plan
10811782
New Amsterdam Plein and Pavilion


The New Amsterdam Plein and Pavilion, designed by Ben van Berkel and Caroline Bos of UNStudio, with the architect of record being Handel Architects of New York, is a gift from the Netherlands to New York City in honor of the 400th Anniversary in 2009 of Henry Hudson’s arrival in New York Harbor. It was completed in 2011. The pavilion and plein (Dutch for "plaza") is located in Peter Minuit Plaza on State Street at the intersection of Whitehall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. The $
1736312
Weston-super-Mare


contain the blaze, which is believed to have started in the north-east tower of the Pavilion. A competition was held to design a new pavilion, and the project was awarded to the winning architect Angus Meek Architects of Bristol. Construction work began on the pier and new pavilion in 2009, and it was scheduled to reopen in July 2010, after a £39 million rebuilding programme. After continuing problems and setbacks, with the pier not opening until a formal opening ceremony on 23 October 2010, the overall costs have
17614635
Figment (arts event)


committee of the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA), and the Structural Engineers Association of New York (SEAoNY). The competition received over 50 entries, and a jury of architects, journalists, and engineers selected Ann Ha and Behrang Behin's Living Pavilion as the winner of the competition. The Living Pavilion was built on the Parade Grounds on Governors Island, and opened in time for FIGMENT on June 11. The Living Pavilion, Minigolf Course, and Sculpture Garden were open on the island through
7441610
Moscow Pavilion


The Moscow Pavilion (former 70 Pavilion) was designed as an exhibition pavilion for the Soviet Union at the international exhibition Expo 67 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The project was designed by a team of architects led by . Since the 1990s, the pavilion it has been commonly called the Moscow Pavilion. After the end of Expo 67 Pavilion of the USSR, it was decided to reconstruct the building in Moscow, Russia at the Exhibition of the Achievements of the National Economy (VDNKh) at the northern entrance. During the
18947351
Architecture of Finland


pavilion" by Alvar Aalto after a competition), Brussels, Belgium, 1958 (pavilion by Reima Pietilä after a competition), Seville, Spain, 1992 (pavilion by Monark after a competition), Hannover, Germany, 2000 (pavilion by Sarlotta Narjus and Antti-Matti Siikala after a competition), Shanghai, China, 2010 (pavilion by JKMM Architects after a competition). The exhibition pavilions were all demolished after the close of the exposition, with the exception of the Finnish pavilion at Seville Expo '92 in
14121235
Expo Tel Aviv


were built on a plot of land at the northern end of Dizengoff street on the banks of the Yarkon River. Fairs were held in 1934 and 1936 with pavilions and halls constructed for the participating countries. The chief architect was Aryeh Elhanani. A flying camel became the official logo. Richard Kaufmann planned the pavilion layout. Other leading architects were Arieh Sharon and Joseph Neufeld. The pavilions were designed in the International Style. In 1959, the fairgrounds were moved to their present location on Rokach Boulevard, and the new site was
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Naomi Milgrom


she established the Naomi Milgrom Foundation to fund public art, design and architecture projects. The same year, the foundation provided the funding for a series of outdoor pavilions (known as MPavilions) to be built in Queen Victoria Gardens, Melbourne, each spring for four years. International architects are invited to design and build a pavilion; in 2014 Sean Godsell designed the pavilion; in 2015, Amanda Levete; in 2016 Mumbai’s Bijoy Jain; and in 2017 the Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas. Milgrom's other philanthropic projects cover entrepreneurship
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Royal Pavilion, Aldershot


architects to enter a limited competition to build a £42m headquarters. The winning architect, RTKL Associates, designed the present huge computer science complex and office campus of four interconnected modern buildings set in 43 acres of parkland and woodland, together with extensive parking, meeting rooms, conference facilities, restaurant and coffee bar. RTKL's design for the Royal Pavilion was commended in the 2003 Corporate Workplace Award of the British Council for Offices (BCO). The name remains, as the address is still "Royal Pavilion".
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Jabłonna Palace


In 1774 he commissioned the royal architect, Dominik Merlini, to design the new residence. The construction of a three-building complex was proposed: a one-storey palace, which was intended to be the residence of the owner, was to be situated in the middle and flanked on both sides by separate three-storey pavilions. A scenic English-style park was developed in the 1770s and 1780s, based on the design of architect Szymon Bogumił Zug. The same architect also constructed a series of pavilions, of which
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Museum of Fine Arts of Nancy


Nancy, including the bastion of Haussonville (15th century), which the visitor can discover at level -1 of the museum. In 1936, the pavilion was modernized and extended by architects [[Jacques and Michel André], laureate of the architectural competition launched by the municipality for the museum, 5 years earlier. The architects propose a wing in the continuity of the XVIIIe pavilion, on two levels. The garden facade is an important part of the architects' project and will be taken up again in 2019 for the poster
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Philip Dodd (author)


company. He also wrote "The Book of Rock" (Pavilion, 2001) and with travel writer Ben Donald, "The Book of Cities" (Pavilion, 2004) and "The Book of Islands" (Palazzo, 2008). Dodd has written articles for "the Guardian" and "the Mail on Sunday", as well as smaller publications. Dodd plays piano with the Philip Dodd Quartet – first formed at Oxford and then re-formed in 2006. The quartet, which also includes Paul Mason (
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Victoria & Albert Pavilions, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital


for Females. They completed the original pavilion plan though their detailed design was contemporary. They were built to commemorate the death of Queen Victoria and were funded by donations. The two Pavilions were built 1901–1904 to a design by the Government Architect in consultation with Mansfield Brothers. The original design is shown on drawings PH213/142, 164 which are signed by W. L. Vernon as Government Architect and by George Oakeshott. The foundation stone was laid by the Duke of York, the future King George V. There is reputed to have been a competition
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Murgon Civic Centre


evident in many prominent civic buildings throughout the State including the Kingaroy Shire Council Chambers, Goondiwindi Civic Centre, Southport Town Hall and Gayndah Shire Hall. Architect CE Plant, designed a number of public buildings in south- east Queensland during the 1930s. These include the Kings Beach Bathing Pavilion at Caloundra, Dalby swimming pool, five bathing pavilions on the Redcliffe peninsula and the Sandgate Bathing Pavilion (demolished). Born in Cheadle, England in 1885 Plant was articled as a pupil and then architect's assistant in England from 1902. He
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Australian pavilion


The Australian pavilion houses Australia's national representation during the Venice Biennale arts festivals. The Australian pavilion was designed in 1987 by the Australia Council's Design Arts Board and constructed by 1988. The two-level single exhibition space includes a veranda-style entrance with a courtyard constructed around a pre-existing tree. This connection between internal space and landscape was designed to relate to architectural themes in Australia. The curvature of the pavilion's sheet metal roof is meant to invoke a wave. The original Australian Pavilion, designed by Philip
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Yessentuki


., decorative bushes, flowers), laid in 1849, with springs of mineral water and numerous constructions: the building of the drinking gallery (1847–1856, architect S. Upton, Moresque style), the Nikolayevskiye (the present Verkhniye) baths (1899, architects N. V. Dmitriyev and B. V. Pravzdik), the Commercial gallery (1912, architect Y. F. Shreter, neo-classicism; the present Electroheliotherapy Institute), the wooden observation pavilion with colonnade referred to as Oreanda (1912), four pavilions above drinking well-
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Namur Gate


former pavilions of octroi were raised there by the architect Auguste Payen (collaborator of Nicolas Roget, architect of the City of Brussels) in 1836. The octroi was abolished in 1860, the buildings were moved to the entrance of the Bois de la Cambre three years later. Removing barriers then permitted the / area to develop. In 1866, the pavilions were replaced by the monumental Brouckère fountain, designed by the architect Henri Beyaert and by the two sculptors Pierre Dunion and Edouard Fiers, which was raised in memory of Burgomaster Charles
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George Cary (architect)


of William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition of 1901. When the Exposition came to Buffalo, Cary became one of the three local architects on the Board of Architects for the Exposition and designed the Ethnology Building and the New York State pavilion for the Pan-American Exposition. The pavilion was the only permanent building created for the Exposition and later became the Buffalo Historical Society, then the Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society, and today is the Buffalo History Museum. In 1908, he married Allithea Birge, daughter of George
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Expo 2010 pavilions


located halfway along the Expo Axis on its eastern side in Zone A of the Expo Park. The pavilion lay directly to the east of the Theme Pavilions and to the north of the Hong Kong and Macau pavilions. The chief architect of the pavilion was He Jingtang, the director of the Architectural Academy of the South China University of Technology. The 63-meter high pavilion, the tallest structure at the Expo, is dubbed ""The Oriental Crown"" because of its resemblance to an ancient Chinese crown. The architectonic feature of
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Expo 2010 pavilions


to welcome pavilion visitors. The pavilion, constructed largely from glass and steel, was designed by Canadian architect Clive Grout. The show aspects of the Information and Communication Pavilion were conceived and produced by Bob Rogers (designer) and his Burbank, California-based firm, BRC Imagination Arts. The U.S. Pavilion at the 2010 Shanghai Expo was notable as per it having been the only national pavilion at the Expo, and the only U.S. Pavilion in recent history, solely funded by private financial contributions, coming from approximately 60 multinational corporations
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Empire Exhibition, Scotland


and Ireland and the Colonial governments could appoint their own architect for their pavilions, assisted by the guidance of Tommy Tait. West Africa, Southern Rhodesia and East Africa had their pavilions and fifteen other Colonies came together in a composite Colonial Pavilion. The largest national pavilion was the ultra-modern British Government Pavilion designed by Herbert Rowse of Liverpool. In addition to the main Industrial and Engineering Halls, Commonwealth pavilions and cultural exhibits there were no-less than sixty-two pavilions erected by famous commercial and industrial concerns. The Empire
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Nokomis Beach Pavilion


Nokomis Beach Pavilion is a historic site located in Nokomis, Florida. The pavilion is Sarasota County's first beach pavilion. The pavilion was designed by architect Jack West, a member of the Sarasota School of Architecture, and is an example of minimalist architecture associated with mid-century modern architecture. It was constructed in 1954 and includes an open pavilion connected by a covered walkway to a building for restrooms, changing rooms, and showers. There was also paved plaza, fountain, and landscaped area. Design elements include flat thin
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Apollo Pavilion


The Apollo Pavilion, also known as the Pasmore Pavilion, is a piece of public art in the new town of Peterlee in County Durham in the North East of England, designed by British artist and architect Victor Pasmore. In December 2011 English Heritage gave the pavilion a Grade-II* listing. In 1955, Victor Pasmore was appointed Consulting Director of Architectural Design of the Peterlee development corporation. He chose to design the town around a central abstract artwork and pavilion, eventually naming it the Apollo Pavilion as a reference to the
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Olafur Eliasson


author Svend Åge Madsen ("The Blind Pavilion"), landscape architect Gunther Vogt ("The Mediated Motion"), architecture theorist Cedric Price ("Chaque matin je me sens différent, chaque soir je me sens le même"), and architect Kjetil Thorsen (Serpentine Gallery Pavilion, 2007). Studio Olafur Eliasson, which the artist founded as a "laboratory for spatial research", employs a team of architects, engineers, craftsmen, and assistants (some 30 members as of 2008) who work together to
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Cvijeta Zuzorić Art Pavilion


the Ministry of Education announced the competition for the construction of the new exhibition space. The pavilion should have been erected the immediate vicinity of Princess Ljubica's Residence. The architect Branislav Kojić won the first prize at the competition, the second one won the architect Milan Zloković and the third won the architect Мihailo Radovanović. After the competition, the Belgrade Municipality decides to concede the building plot to the association, yet not in the site next to the Konak, but in Little Kalemegdan. Due to this change, Branislav Kojić had
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Philip Hardwick


, and brother, John Shaw Jr. (1803–1870), were both architects. The two families lived close by within the boroughs of Westminster and Holborn. Philip Hardwick had two sons, the eldest died of smallpox whilst still at Eton, the younger, Philip Charles Hardwick, was born in 1822 and trained as an architect under him. Philip Charles began working in the firm around 1843. Philip Hardwick's pupils included John Loughborough Pearson, Gothic revival architect of Truro Cathedral, Thomas Henry Wyatt (1807–1880), T. Roger Smith
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Jesse Wharton


Jesse Wharton (July 29, 1782July 22, 1833) was an attorney who briefly represented Tennessee in each house of Congress. Wharton was born in Covesville, Albemarle County, Virginia; studied law at Dickinson College, was admitted to the Virginia bar, and practiced in Albemarle County. He married Mary "Polly" Philips (6 Sep 1786 - 11 Apr 1813), the daughter of Joseph Philips Jr. and Milberry Horn, on April 20, 1804, in Davidson County, Tennessee. They had five children, John Overton
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Poème électronique


Poème électronique (English Translation: "Electronic Poem") is an 8-minute piece of electronic music by composer Edgard Varèse, written for the Philips Pavilion at the 1958 Brussels World’s Fair. The Philips corporation commissioned Le Corbusier to design the pavilion, which was intended as a showcase of their engineering progress. Le Corbusier came up with the title "Poème électronique", saying he wanted to create a "poem in a bottle". Varèse composed the piece with the intention of creating a liberation between sounds and as a result
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Giardini della Biennale


by Napoleon at the beginning of the 19th century. After it was launched, the success of the first editions which attracted approximately 200,000 visitors in 1895 and about 300,000 in 1899, continued to grow. Starting from the launch in 1907 several foreign pavilions were added to the already built Central Pavilion. The Giardini now hosts 30 pavilions of foreign countries, some of them designed by architects such as Josef Hoffmann's Austria Pavilion, Gerrit Thomas Rietveld's Dutch pavilion or the Finnish pavilion, a pre-fabricated with a trapezoidal plan designed
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Gustav III's Pavilion


Gustav III's Pavilion () is a royal pavilion at the Haga Park, 2 km north of Stockholm. As a highlight in Swedish art history, the Pavilion is a fine example of the European neoclassicism of the late 18th century in Northern Europe. Beside the Pavilion lie the "Sultan's Copper Tents", buildings designed to resemble big tents. The pavilion was built in 1787 by the architect Olof Tempelman with detailed instructions from King Gustav III who was highly personally involved in the project, producing some basic designs himself and
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Cricket pavilion


University Parks at Oxford was designed by the leading Victorian architect Sir Thomas Graham Jackson. Other famous historical pavilions are Old Trafford and the Members Pavilion at the Sydney Cricket Ground. Entry is only enabled for members. Their seats are reserved by a member or player. A non-member is not entitled to enter the Members Pavilion due to the security present. Amongst the most distinctive of modern pavilions is that named after Sir Garfield Sobers at the Kensington Oval in Barbados. Other modern pavilions are those at the Rose Bowl in England
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Philip Charles Hardwick


Philip Charles Hardwick (London 1822–1892) was an English architect. Philip Charles Hardwick was born in Westminster in London, the son of the architect Philip Hardwick (1792–1870) and grandson of architect Thomas Hardwick (junior) (1752–1825). His mother was also from an eminent architectural family, the Shaws. Philip Charles Hardwick's maternal grandfather was John Shaw Senior (1776–1832) and his uncle was John Shaw Jr (1803–1870). Hardwick trained under his father and also Edward Blore. He exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy between
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Hogan's Fountain Pavilion


Cherokee Park's Native American-derived name. Born January 1928, Mr. Schickli graduated from MIT in 1950, and became a registered architect in 1954, President of the West Kentucky Chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 1961, Designed the Hogan's Fountain Pavilion in 1964, President of the Kentucky Society of Architects in 1965 Achieving all of these prestigious accomplishments before 37 years of age. Other prominent civic contributions by Schickli included the design of the original Louisville Zoo and Botanical Gardens in 1969 and Louisville's Standiford
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Lindal Cedar Homes


Cedar Homes partnered with the architect Michael Graves to produce Michael Graves Pavilion, a set of 3 low-cost pavilions distributed through Target. In 2004, it hired architect Jim Cutler, an architect behind Bill Gates's house, to design two floor Reflection Home Series. In 2009, Lindal Cedar Homes, was selected as a production company for three prefab houses designed by Marmol Radziner and Turkel Design for Dwell Homes. These houses were included into "The Green Design 100" list compiled by TIME. In 2012, a Gambier
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World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
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Belgian pavilion


The Belgian pavilion houses Belgium's national representation during the Venice Biennale arts festivals. The Belgian pavilion was the first foreign pavilion built on the Giardini. Architect Léon Sneyers designed the building for its 1907 construction in an art nouveau style with the influence of Josef Hoffmann and Viennese architecture. The pavilion was expanded by A. de Bosschère between 1929 and 1930 with rooms added on both sides of the main exhibition space. He also converted the flat roof from a pitch. Later, the pavilion was twice restored: in 1948 by Virgilio Vallot
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Jay Pritzker Pavilion


Jay Pritzker Pavilion, also known as Pritzker Pavilion or Pritzker Music Pavilion, is a bandshell in Millennium Park in the Loop community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is located on the south side of Randolph Street and east of the Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District. The pavilion was named after Jay Pritzker, whose family is known for owning Hyatt Hotels. The building was designed by architect Frank Gehry, who accepted the design commission in April 1999; the pavilion was constructed between June 1999 and
18153578
Architecture of Finland


were chosen on the basis of an architectural competition: Paris, France, 1889 (pavilion by French architect), Paris, France, 1900 (pavilion by Gesellius-Lindgren-Saarinen after a competition), Antwerp, Belgium, 1930 (pavilion by Erik Bryggman after a competition), Brussels, Belgium, 1935 (pavilion by Aarne Hytönen and Risto-Veikko Luukkonen, without a competition), Paris, France, 1937 (pavilion by Alvar Aalto after a competition), New York, USA, 1939 ("interior
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List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
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Pavilion Theatre, Torquay


The Pavilion Theatre was a theatre in Torquay, Devon, England. It was one of the three main auditoriums in Torbay, and during the 1970s differed from the Princess Theatre, Torquay, and the Festival Theatre, Paignton, in that it had plays rather than variety shows during the lucrative summer seasons. From 1890 to 1930, the Borough Engineer of Torbay, Henry Augustus Garrett, laid out the Princess Gardens, the Terrace Walk, Pier Pavilion and Torquay Pavilion on Torquay seafront. The Pavilion's architect was Edward Rogers,
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Swedish Pavilion


Swedish Pavilion is an historic site at Mill Street in Lindsborg, Kansas. Designed by Swedish architect Ferdinand Boberg, the Pavilion was built as an international exposition building for the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair. After the fair, the Pavilion was moved to Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas, where it was used for classroom, library, museum and department facilities for the art department. The Swedish Pavilion was moved to the McPherson County Old Mill Museum, also in Lindsborg, in 1969. The facility is used for cultural heritage
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British pavilion


other arts: architecture, dance, film, music, and theater. Outside of the central, international exhibition, individual nations produce their own shows, known as pavilions, as their national representation. Nations that own their pavilion buildings, such as the 30 housed on the Giardini, are responsible for their own upkeep and construction costs as well. Nations without dedicated buildings create pavilions in venues throughout the city. The British pavilion was designed by the architect Edwin Alfred Rickards and built in 1909 on the site of an older building
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Exelon Pavilions


the parking garage below the park. The Southwest Pavilion is the smallest of the four pavilions, and has the least number of photovoltaic modules with 16 on its roof. It is west of the garden and east of the Nichols Bridgeway. The Southeast Pavilion is east of the garden, has the second smallest area at , and has 24 rooftop photovoltaic modules. Together these two pavilions are capable of producing of electricity annually. Pulitzer Prize-winning "Chicago Tribune" architecture critic Blair Kamin praised the decision to have architects design the
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German pavilion


arts: architecture, dance, film, music, and theater. Outside of the central, international exhibition, individual nations produce their own shows, known as pavilions, as their national representation. Nations that own their pavilion buildings, such as the 30 housed on the Giardini, are responsible for their own upkeep and construction costs as well. Nations without dedicated buildings create pavilions in venues throughout the city. Architect Daniele Donghi designed the pavilion in a neoclassical style. It was built in 1909 and originally displayed Munich Secession works.
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Austrian pavilion


organization also hosts regular festivals in other arts: architecture, dance, film, music, and theater. Outside of the central, international exhibition, individual nations produce their own shows, known as pavilions, as their national representation. Nations that own their pavilion buildings, such as the 30 housed on the Giardini, are responsible for their own upkeep and construction costs as well. Nations without dedicated buildings create pavilions in venues throughout the city. The Austrian pavilion was designed by architect Josef Hoffmann, whose submission won a contest.
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