Star Perú [SEP] airline hub
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LATAM Perú


LATAM Perú, formerly LAN Perú S.A. is an airline based in Lima, Peru. It is a subsidiary of LATAM Airlines Group (), which owns 49% of the airline. It operates scheduled domestic and international services. Its main hub is Jorge Chávez International Airport. LATAM Perú is the dominant airline in Peru, controlling 73.4% of the domestic market. The airline was established in July 1998 in Lima by the entrepreneurs Mr. Boris Hirmas Rubio, Lorenzo Sousa Debarbieri, Cristian Said and Dr Javier Rodriguez Larrain. Operations began
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Chiclayo


by 45 meters. Four airlines serve Chiclayo's international airport; LATAM Airlines and Viva Air Perú offering domestic service to Lima. In July 2016, Copa Airlines began direct flights between Chiclayo and its hub in Panama, making it the first ever international flight to arrive to the city. US-based Spirit Airlines has expressed interest in serving Chiclayo from its hub in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States. Chiclayo, because of its location, serves as a point of interconnection for various cities of the Northeast of the country and
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Star Perú


Star Perú, formerly called Star Up, is a Peruvian airline based at Jorge Chávez International Airport in Lima, Peru. It is a scheduled airline operating passenger and cargo flights within Peru. The carrier mostly flies domestic routes in Peru from its base in Lima, as well as Santiago, Chile. The airline was established in May 1997 as "Servicio de Transporte Aéreo Regional" by the chief executive, Valentin Kasyanov. Operations were inaugurated with a single Antonov An-32 aircraft flying cargo and charter services around South America. In late
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Tourism in Peru


South America. Iperú is the Peruvian national tourist office. Peru does not have one clear national airline, but rather a number of different airlines offering service to Peru from North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. Some of the most popular airlines are LAN Perú (domestic and international), Avianca Peru (international), and Star Perú (domestic). The country's airports are also served by many international airlines from other nations. The Jorge Chávez International Airport in Lima is the nation's leading international airport
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Roswell International Air Center


service with major airlines to provide nonstop regional jet flights to a major hub. American Eagle, the feeder carrier for American Airlines responded and began service on Sep. 5, 2007 with two daily flights to Dallas/Ft. Worth on 50-seat Embraer 145s. The service did so well that a third flight was added only seven months later. Mesa Airlines then ended all of their Roswell service on the last day of 2007 which left no flights to Albuquerque. At the request of Roswell city officials, American Eagle began a westbound flight
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Aeroperú


Empresa de Transporte Aéreo del Perú S.A., usually known as Aeroperú, was a Peruvian airline, serving as flag carrier of Peru from 1973 to 1999. The company was headquartered in Lima, with the city's Jorge Chavez International Airport serving as its hub. Besides an extensive domestic route network, Aeroperú offered international flights to places in Latin America and the United States of America. The company had around 1,500 employees. Aeroperú was formed on 22 May 1973 following the reorganization of SATCO, an earlier airline controlled by the Peruvian Army
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LATAM Perú


and has 1,500 employees. In 2004 it was incorporated into LAN Airlines holding with the change of the name of the parent company. In 2008 transported about 3 million and 500 thousand passengers, with 2 million and 900 thousand in the domestic market. In October 2009 received authorization to provide aircraft maintenance services. LATAM Perú has codeshare agreements with the following airlines: The LATAM Perú fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of August 2016): LATAMPASS is LATAM Perú's Frequent Flyer Program, shared with the parent company LATAM Airlines
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Air Perú


Air Perú International was a planned Peruvian airline to be based in Lima, Peru. It planned to operate scheduled domestic services and international services to Asia, Europe, South America and the United States. Its main base would have been Jorge Chávez International Airport. At September 2009, there has been no news on the airline and all plans seem to have ceased. Air Perú planned to serve the following destinations: Air Perú planned to operate Boeing 757-200 aircraft. One was seen in the Air Perú livery but was returned
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UPS Airlines


changed the aircraft from Pratt & Whitney JT8D to Rolls-Royce Tay turbofans. In 1991, to gain the ability to fly domestic cargo flights within Europe, UPS entered into a partnership with Danish airline Star Air (part of the Maersk conglomerate), leasing several 727 freighters to the airline (later replaced by 757 freighters). In the early 1990s, to add capacity to its network, UPS Airlines opened additional hubs, with primary hubs in Rockford, Illinois (Chicago) and Philadelphia; secondary hubs were opened in Dallas
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Avianca Perú


Avianca Perú is an airline based in Lima, Peru. It operates domestic services and international services. Its main base is Jorge Chávez International Airport (LIM), Lima. The airline operates out of 18 airports. It is part of the Synergy Group and operates its flights with TACA's codes. Through Synergy Group, it is one of the seven nationally branded airlines (Avianca Ecuador, Avianca Honduras, etc.) in the Avianca Holdings group of Latin American airlines. The airline was established in 1999 and started operations in
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Canadian Airlines


in debt. Canadian Airlines announced that it would support this and recommend acceptance from its shareholders. Air Canada rejected the offer. On August 31, 1999, Air Canada adopted a poison pill aimed at thwarting any takeover bid. It was later (Sep 24, 1999) revealed by Kevin Benson that merger talks had occurred between Canadian Airlines and Air Canada in early 1999 with Air Canada abandoning the talks. On October 19, 1999, Air Canada, backed by Star Alliance partners Lufthansa Airlines, United Airlines and CIBC announced a
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Alférez FAP David Figueroa Fernandini Airport


Alférez FAP David Figueroa Fernandini Airport is an airport serving Huánuco, Peru. It is the most important airport in the Huánuco Region and is operated by the civil government. It is currently served by 2 airlines: LC Perú, which has one daily flight to Lima, offering connections to the rest of the Peru and the world and Star Perú also with daily flights to Lima. Although there are no other regular scheduled services, the airport serves many charter and private flights. The runway is in the valley of the Huallaga River
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Chongqing


as an important aviation hub for south-western China. Jiangbei airport is a hub for China Southern Airlines, Chongqing Airlines, Sichuan Airlines, China Express Airlines, Shandong Airlines and Hainan Airlines's new China West Air. Chongqing also is a focus city of Air China, therefore it is very well connected with Star Alliance and Skyteam's international network. The airport currently has three parallel runways in operation. It serves domestic routes to most other Chinese cities, as well as international routes to Auckland, New York City, London
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Lone Star Airlines


Lone Star Airlines was an American regional airline that operated both domestic and international flights. For much of the airline's life its headquarters were located in the Fort Worth Stockyards in Fort Worth, Texas. The airline's largest hub was located at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport. The airline filed for bankruptcy in August, 1998 and was liquidated in October, 1998. Lone Star was founded in 1984 in Stillwater, Oklahoma as Exec Express Inc. by Phil Trenary (later President of Pinnacle Airlines), the company moved its headquarters
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Ethiopian Airlines


1959 and of the African Airlines Association (AFRAA) since 1968. Ethiopian is a Star Alliance member, having joined in . Its hub and headquarters are at Bole International Airport in Addis Ababa, from where it serves a network of 125 passenger destinations—20 of them domestic—and 44 freighter destinations. The airline has secondary hubs in Togo and Malawi. Ethiopian is Africa's largest airline in terms of passengers carried, destinations served, fleet size, and revenue. Ethiopian is also the world's 4th largest airline by the number of
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Asiana Airlines


Asiana Airlines Inc. ( ; formerly Seoul Airlines) is South Korea's second-largest major airline, behind Korean Air. Asiana has its headquarters in Asiana Town building in Seoul. In 2018, it accounted for a 19% share of the domestic market and a 16% share of the international market. The airline has its domestic hub at Gimpo International Airport and its international hub at Incheon International Airport ( from central Seoul). As a member of Star Alliance, it operates 14 domestic and 90 international passenger routes, and
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LATAM Perú


on July 2, 1999 with domestic services from Jorge Chávez International Airport to Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport, Cusco and Rodriguez Ballon International Airport, Arequipa. Its launch marked the reappearance of a major national airline in Peru after the demise of Aeroperú, Faucett Perú and others. An international service to Miami International Airport was added on November 15, 1999. It became a subsidiary of LAN Airlines in September 2002, owned by LAN Airlines (49%), ER Larraín (30%) and Inversiones Aéreas (21%)
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TANS Perú


, services to Arequipa, Chiclayo, Cuzco, Iquitos, Juanjuí, Juliaca, Lima, Piura, Pucallpa, Rioja, Trujillo and Yurimaguas were operated. In the airline's license was suspended by the Peruvian Government. TANS Perú served the following destinations throughout its history: Aviation Safety Network records six accidents/incidents for the airline, of which five led to fatalities; the number of casualties involved in these deadly accidents totals 105. All the events the airline experienced throughout its history carried with the hull-loss of the aircraft
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LATAM Chile


LAN Perú and LAN Ecuador. Since May 5, 2016, LAN Airlines has been operating as LATAM Chile. The airline opened many routes during 2017, one of them being their longest flight in their history: Santiago to Melbourne, which started operating October 5 of that year. In March 2004, Lan Chile and its subsidiaries, LAN Perú, LAN Ecuador, LAN Dominicana and LAN Express, became unified under the unique LAN brand and livery, eliminating each airline country name on the brands. On June 17, 2004,
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Airline hub


airline. However, as an airline expands operations at its primary hub to the point that it experiences capacity limitations, it may elect to open secondary hubs. Examples of such hubs are Turkish Airlines' Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen hub, British Airways' hub at London-Gatwick, Air India's hub at Mumbai and Lufthansa's hub at Munich. By operating multiple hubs, airlines can expand their geographic reach. They can also better serve spoke–spoke markets, providing more itineraries with connections at different hubs. A given hub
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Padre Aldamiz International Airport


from one type of traveler, in this case ecology tourists. Western doctors often warn that airport authorities require travelers to carry documentation informing about yellow fever vaccination because of its rainforest location. The airport was served by Peru's national airline, AeroPerú. AeroPerú ceased operations in 1999, and, subsequently, other airlines have entered the Lima to Puerto Maldonado air route. Nuevo Continente made an attempt in 2004, but that airline suspended operations amid allegations of drug trafficking by their owners. It was served by LAN Perú and TACA Perú
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Xi'an Xianyang International Airport


Xi'an Xianyang International Airport is the main airport serving Xi'an, the capital of China's Shaanxi Province, as well as the whole Guanzhong area. Covering an area of , it is the largest airport in Northwest China, and the second largest airport in Northern China. The airport was the hub for China Northwest Airlines until the company was merged into China Eastern Airlines in 2002. Xi'an Airport is also the hub for Joy Air and Hainan Airlines. Xi'an Xianyang International Airport is a Skytrax 4-star airport. In 2018, the airport handled
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Air India


financial situation. In August 2011, the invitation to join Star Alliance was suspended as a result of its failure to meet the minimum standards for the membership. The government pumped into Air India in March 2012. On 1 March 2009, Air India made Frankfurt Airport its international hub for onward connections to the United States from India. However, the airline shut down the Frankfurt hub on 30 October 2010 because of high operating costs. In 2010, financially less lucrative routes were terminated and the airline planned to open a new hub
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Beijing Daxing International Airport


hub airport in Northern China. There will be 4 runways, and 79 contact aircraft stands. The airport is 46 kilometers south of Tian'anmen Square, 26 kilometers west of downtown Langfang City, 50 kilometers northeast of Xiong'an New Area, and 65 kilometers from the existing Beijing Capital International Airport, and is expected to serve Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. It will serve as a hub for SkyTeam alliance airlines (except China Eastern Airlines), while Star Alliance members will stay at the existing Beijing Capital International Airport. Hainan Airlines
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Airline hub


Airline hubs or hub airports are used by one or more airlines to concentrate passenger traffic and flight operations at a given airport. They serve as transfer (or stop-over) points to get passengers to their final destination. It is part of the hub-and-spoke system. An airline operates flights from several non-hub (spoke) cities to the hub airport, and passengers traveling between spoke cities need to connect through the hub. This paradigm creates economies of scale that allow an airline to serve (via
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Druk Air


hold in March 2008, due to Paro Airport not being able to handle night flights and the airline only being able to secure landing slots at Mumbai's Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport at 3 am. Plans for services to Hong Kong, Singapore, Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah were also shelved. The airline posted its first profit in 2007 of BTN 31.15 million. The two BAe 146 aircraft were sold to Star Perú in October 2007 for US$3.3 million, and left Bhutan for Peru in November and December 2007. Druk Gyalpo
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Iquitos


Star Perú and Copa Airlines. The direct flight between Lima and Iquitos takes 1 hour and 45 minutes. Copa Airlines provides international flights to the city with Panama and the Americas from 14 July 2012. Since June 2011, the Central Government of Peru provided two de Havilland Canada DHC-6 "Twin Otter" for operations across the region. Iquitos can be reached from any foreign port or waterway in the Peruvian Amazon. Iquitos has architecturally significant buildings in a particular range of structural remnants were built during the rubber boom of the 1880s.
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Transport hub


airports function as intra-modular hubs for the airlines, or airline hubs. This is a common strategy among network airlines who fly only from limited number of airports and usually will make their customers change planes at one of their hubs if they want to get between two cities the airline doesn't fly directly between. Airlines have extended the hub-and-spoke model in various ways. One method is to create additional hubs on a regional basis, and to create major routes between the hubs. This reduces the need to
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Emirates (airline)


70 countries across six continents from its hub in Dubai. As of September 2018, Emirates’ global network spanned 161 destinations in 85 countries. Emirates is not a member of any of the three global airline alliances – Oneworld, SkyTeam or Star Alliance. In 2000 the airline briefly considered joining Star Alliance, but opted to remain independent. The reasoning for this was later revealed by senior vice-president of the airline's commercial operations worldwide that, "Your ability to react in the marketplace is hindered because you need a consensus
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Faucett Perú


Compañía de Aviación Faucett, colloquially known simply as Faucett Perú or Faucett, was a Peruvian airline. It was headquartered on the grounds of Jorge Chávez International Airport in Lima. Elmer J. Faucett had been sent to Peru as a representative of the Curtiss Export Company, arriving in the country from the United States in 1920. In 1928, he and a group of Peruvian business men joined together to found the first commercial airline in Peru, and one of the first in Latin America. With an initial investment of ₤2,500, the
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TANS Perú


TANS Perú, an acronym for Transportes Aéreos Nacionales de Selva, was a Peruvian airline based in Lima. The airline was headquartered at the Miraflores District in the capital city of the country. Completely state-owned, the carrier operated scheduled domestic passenger and cargo services from its main base at Jorge Chávez International Airport. "TANS" (also known as "Grupo Aéreo de Transporte 42" was established in 1963 as an arm of the Peruvian Air Force, based at the remote city of Iquitos, inaccessible by road, and
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Ethiopian Airlines


spend miles on both airlines' networks. In , the carrier entered a strategic partnership with Lomé-based start-up airline "ASKY Airlines", in which Ethiopian holds a 40% stake. Ethiopian Airlines is responsible for aircraft maintenance and operational management. The plan is to turn Lomé into Ethiopian Airline's regional hub for the West African market. ASKY started operations in January 2010 and became profitable after a few months. Ethiopian officially joined Star Alliance in . Ethiopian Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines: In ,
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US Airways livery


the title Star Alliance painted prominently on the airplane. With US Airways' departure from Star Alliance, all of these aircraft were repainted into the new American Airlines livery. After the 2005 merger of US Airways and America West Airlines, a light grey livery was chosen to better meet operational needs due to the summer heat at the Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport and Las Vegas McCarran International Airport hubs inherited from America West. The livery incorporates colors from the four airlines that became US Airways: The logos of these four airlines are painted
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Turkish Airlines


airline's cargo division serves 82 destinations. The airline's corporate headquarters are at the Turkish Airlines General Management Building on the grounds of Istanbul Atatürk Airport in Yeşilköy, Bakırköy, Istanbul. Istanbul Airport in Arnavutkoy is the airline's main base, and there are secondary hubs at Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport and Ankara Esenboğa International Airport. Turkish Airlines has been a member of the Star Alliance network since 1 April 2008. Turkish Airlines was established on 20 May 1933 as "State Airlines Administration" (Turkish: "Devlet Hava Yolları
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FAP Captain Guillermo Concha Iberico International Airport


Capitán FAP Guillermo Concha Iberico International Airport is an airport serving Piura, Peru. It is run by ADP a private operator that manages various airports in northem Peru. It is the main airport of the Piura Region, the second most populous one of the country. It is currently served by LATAM Perú, Peruvian Airlines, Sky Airline and Viva Air Perú; and is from Piura's main square and from the famous Máncora resort. The Piura VOR-DME (Ident: URA) and non-directional beacon (Ident:
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Beijing Daxing International Airport


effectively making both airports hubs. This was confirmed in 2016, when the Civil Aviation Administration of China announced that China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines and Xiamen Airlines along with other SkyTeam airlines would move to the new airport, while Air China and other Star Alliance carriers would remain at Capital. China Southern, China Eastern and Beijing Capital Airlines' intentions to move to Daxing were confirmed by a Xinhua report in December 2017. Ten passenger airlines (China Southern Airlines, China United Airlines, Shanghai Airlines, Beijing Capital Airlines,
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Paraguay national rugby union team


25 SEP 2005 Paraguay 68 - 3 Perú 28 SEP 2005 Paraguay 94 - 7 Venezuela 02 OCT 2005 Paraguay 45 - 8 Brasil Champion of Sudamericano B Sudamericano B 2008 Luque, Paraguay 19 JUN 2008 Paraguay 44 - 3 Venezuela 21 JUN 2008 Paraguay 71 - 0 Peru 26 JUN 2008 Paraguay 60 - 7 Colombia 29 JUN 2008 Paraguay 6 - 15 Brasil 2nd Sudamericano B Sudamericano A 2009 Montevideo, Uruguay 25 APR 2009 Uruguay 85 - 7 Paraguay 29 APR 2009 Chile 34 - 13 Paraguay 02 MAY 2009 Brazil 36 - 21 Paraguay 5th
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United Airlines


United Continental Holdings to United Airlines Holdings. United operates to 231 destinations and 125 international destinations in 48 countries across five continents. United currently operates seven hubs. United Airlines is a member of the Star Alliance and has codeshare agreements with the following airlines: In addition to the above codeshares, United has also entered into joint ventures with the following airlines: As of March 2019, United Airlines operated a fleet of 778 aircraft; all Boeing and Airbus. On July 20, 2011, American Airlines announced an order for 460 narrowbody
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Airline hub


passengers. However, with the term's expanded usage, a focus city may also function as a small-scale or total hub. Allegiant Air, JetBlue and Southwest Airlines are examples of US-based airlines that consider some of their focus cities run like a hub. The hub-and-spoke system allows an airline to serve fewer routes, so fewer aircraft are needed. The system also increases passenger loads; a flight from a hub to a spoke carries not just passengers originating at the hub, but also passengers
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Copa Airlines


Compañía Panameña de Aviación, S.A., () (commonly referred to and branded simply as "Copa Airlines") is the flag carrier of Panama. It is headquartered in Panama City, Panama, with its main hub at Tocumen International Airport. Copa is a subsidiary of Copa Holdings, S.A. as well as a member of Star Alliance. The airline is also the main operator and owner of Colombian airline AeroRepública, currently known as Copa Airlines Colombia. Copa was founded in 1947 and it began domestic operations to three cities in
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Croatia Airlines


Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia. Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations. Its main hub is Franjo Tuđman Airport with focus cities being Dubrovnik, Split, and Zadar. Since November 2004, the airline has been a member of Star Alliance. The airline was established on 20 August 1989, trading with the name "Zagal" (formally, Zagreb Airlines), and started operations using a single Cessna 402 aircraft on cargo services for
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Hainan Airlines


with hubs at Beijing Capital International Airport and Xi'an Xianyang International Airport and several focus cities. Hainan Airlines is a Skytrax 5-star airlines. Hainan Airlines was established in October 1989 as "Hainan Province Airlines" in Hainan, the largest special economic zone in China. Hainan Province Airlines became China's first joint-stock air-transport company following a restructuring in January 1993 and began scheduled services on 2 May 1993. The initial 250 million yuan (US$31.25 million) was financed by the Hainan government (5.33%) and the
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Aircraft livery


of how multiple different airlines fly aircraft in full branding of standard OneWorld, SkyTeam, and Star Alliance liveries, in the United States along with many other parts of the world, large airlines often operate in association with other airlines which operate much smaller regional airliners so smaller communities are linked to an airlines large airline hub. To promote and offer air travelers with what appears as a "seamless" association with a much larger more prominent, well known, and publicly perceived as "more safe" major, mainline, legacy,
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EgyptAir


EgyptAir's operations at its Cairo International Airport hub (where it holds 61% of the airport's departure slots) were notably overhauled due to the inauguration of the new Terminal 3 in April 2009. The airline transferred all its operations (international and domestic) to the new terminal that has more than doubled the airport's capacity. Under the Star Alliance "Move Under One Roof" concept at Cairo Airport, all Star Alliance airlines serving Cairo have moved to Terminal 3. In 2010 the airline will overhaul operations at its Alexandria
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Western Pacific Airlines


whereas Stapleton had once been a hub for airlines like the original Frontier Airlines (1950-1986) and Western Airlines. Effort was made to explore using a secondary airport as an airline's hub, taking Continental's place without incurring the high landing fees of Denver International Airport. Centennial Airport in Denver, Jeffco Airport in Broomfield and Colorado Springs Airport were considered, though Colorado Springs had been chosen as the hub for Western Pacific when the airline began. While Western Pacific's Colorado Springs hub had initially been successful and was beginning
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Shanghai Airlines


officially welcomed as the 19th member of Star Alliance, which consolidated the alliance's presence in the Shanghai market. On 11 June 2009, it was announced that Shanghai Airlines would merge with China Eastern Airlines. The merger of the two airlines was expected to reduce excess competition between the two Shanghai-based carriers, and allow them to compete more effectively with domestic rivals Air China and China Southern Airlines. It was also aimed at consolidating Shanghai's status as an international aviation hub. In February 2010, the merger was completed.
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LOT Polish Airlines


LOT Polish Airlines, legally incorporated as Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. (, "flight"), is the flag carrier of Poland. Based in Warsaw and established on 29 December 1928, it is one of the world's oldest airlines still in operation. With a fleet of 81 aircraft, LOT Polish Airlines flies to 131 destinations across Europe, Asia and North America. Most of the destinations originate from its hub at Warsaw Chopin Airport. LOT is a member of the Star Alliance. The airline was established on 29 December
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Airline hub


make connections en route to their final destination, which increases travel time. Additionally, airlines can come to monopolise their hubs (fortress hubs), allowing them to freely increase fares as passengers have no alternative. Airlines may operate banks of flights at their hubs, in which several flights arrive and depart within short periods of time. The banks may be known as "peaks" of activity at the hubs and the non-banks as "valleys". Banking allows for short connection times for passengers. However, an airline
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Airline hub


the airline. Other airlines that use this system include UPS Airlines, TNT Airways, Cargolux and DHL Aviation, which operate their primary hubs at Louisville, Liège, Luxembourg and Leipzig respectively. Although the term "focus city" is used to mainly refer to an airport from which an airline operates limited point-to-point routes, its usage has loosely expanded to refer to a small-scale hub as well. For example, JetBlue's New York–JFK focus city runs like a hub, although in reality it
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Airline hub


is still deemed as a focus city. A fortress hub exists when an airline controls a significant majority of the market at one of its hubs. Competition is particularly difficult at fortress hubs. Examples include Delta hubs at Atlanta, Salt Lake City, Detroit, and Minneapolis–Saint Paul; American Airlines hubs at Charlotte, Dallas–Fort Worth, Washington-National, and Philadelphia; and United hubs at Denver, San Francisco, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, and Washington–Dulles. Flag carriers have historically enjoyed similar dominance
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Research Triangle


, Paris and London. In 1996, American Airlines ceased its hub operations at RDU due to Pan Am and Eastern Airlines. Pan Am and Eastern were Miami's main tenants until 1991, when both carriers went bankrupt. Their hubs at MIA were taken over by United Airlines and American Airlines. This created a difficulty in competing with US Airways' hub in Charlotte and Delta Air Lines' hub in Atlanta, Georgia for passengers traveling between smaller cities in the North and South. Midway Airlines entered the market, starting service in
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Airport lounge


United (United Club)—operate dozens of lounges, while smaller airlines like Alaska Airlines (Alaska Lounge) tend to only operate a handful of lounges in their hub and focus cities. Airlines outside of Australia and North America generally do not sell lounge memberships, and instead reserve lounge access exclusively for very frequent flyers and passengers in premium cabins. However, a passenger who has a lounge membership in an airline in one of the three major airline alliances (Oneworld, SkyTeam, or Star Alliance) may have access to the lounges of the
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Austrian Airlines


Austrian Airlines AG, sometimes shortened to Austrian, is the flag carrier of Austria and a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group. The airline is headquartered on the grounds of Vienna International Airport in Schwechat where it also maintains its hub. It flies to six domestic and more than 120 international year-round and seasonal destinations in 55 countries as of July 2016, and is a member of the Star Alliance. The airline was formed in 1957 by the merger of Air Austria and Austrian Airways, but traces its history back to 1923 at
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Ural Airlines


main hubs of Ural Airlines are Moscow-Domodedovo and Yekaterinburg. In plans of Ural Airlines is to increase its number of hubs, by developing hubs at Moscow-Sheremetyevo and Moscow-Zhukovsky. A million passengers per year was first achieved in 2006. Since then, the airline and its passenger numbers have both grown. In 2013, the airline transported 4.419 million passengers, the sixth most in Russia that year. Passengers transported from 2007-2016: Ural Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines: As of October 2018
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2018 Nigeria Federation Cup


Katsina United Plateau United 1-1 Enyimba Round 1 [Sep 28] (moved from Sep 24) Plateau United 0-1 Katsina United J. Atete 0-5 Enyimba Final Table: Round 1 [Sep 24] Enugu Rangers 2-1 El-Kanemi Warriors Sunshine Stars 1-1 Supreme Court Round 2 [Sep 26] Sunshine Stars 1-1 El-Kanemi Warriors Supreme Court n/p Enugu Rangers Round 3 [Sep 28] Enugu Rangers 0-0 Sunshine Stars El-Kaneni Warriors 1-0
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Airline hub


connection times are longer at a rolling hub. American Airlines was the first to depeak its hubs, trying to improve profitability following the September 11 attacks. It rebanked its hubs in 2015, however, feeling the gain in connecting passengers would outweigh the rise in costs. The hub-and-spoke system is also used by some cargo airlines. FedEx Express established its main hub in Memphis in 1973, prior to the deregulation of the air cargo industry in the United States. The system has created an efficient delivery system for
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Sichuan Airlines


Sichuan Airlines Co., Ltd. Group became the major shareholder (40%). The other shareholders are China Southern Airlines (39%), China Eastern Airlines (10%), Air China Group (10%) and Chengdu Gingko Restaurant Co. (1%). Sichuan Airlines' corporate headquarters is located in its hub Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport in Chengdu, Sichuan and its secondary hubs are at Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport and Kunming Changshui International Airport. Sichuan Airlines owns Chengdu Airlines as its subsidiary, which also has its hub
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Air Canada


Air Canada is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Canada by fleet size and passengers carried. The airline, founded in 1937, provides scheduled and charter air transport for passengers and cargo to 207 destinations worldwide. It is a founding member of the Star Alliance. Air Canada's corporate headquarters are in Montreal, Quebec, while its largest hub is at Toronto Pearson International Airport. The airline's regional service is Air Canada Express. Canada's national airline originated from the Canadian federal government's 1936 creation of Trans-Canada
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Aegean Airlines


Aegean Airlines S.A. (, "Aeroporía Aigaíou Anónimi Etairía" ; ) is the flag carrier airline of Greece and the largest Greek airline by total number of passengers carried, by number of destinations served and by fleet size. A Star Alliance member since June 2010, it operates scheduled and charter services from Athens and Thessaloniki to other major Greek destinations as well as to a number of European and Middle Eastern destinations. Its main hubs are Athens International Airport in Athens, Macedonia International Airport in Thessaloniki and Larnaca International Airport in Cyprus.
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China Southwest Airlines


China Southwest Airlines (CSWA, ) was an airline with its head office on the property of Shuangliu Airport in Shuangliu County, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. On 28 October 2002, China Southwest Airlines was merged into Air China. China Southwest Airlines' main hub was at Chengdu Shuangliu, Sichuan Province and its secondary hub was in Chongqing. It was the only airline flying to Lhasa until 2002. Although most routes from its hubs Chengdu and Chongqing were domestic, it also flew to Bangkok, Chiangmai,
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Required navigation performance


for the airline's Alaska operations. In 2005, Alaska Airlines became the first airline to utilize RNP approaches into Reagan National Airport to avoid congestion. In April 2009, Alaska Airlines became the first airline to gain approval from the FAA to validate their own RNP approaches. On 6 April 2010, Southwest Airlines converted to RNP. Since 2009, regulators in Perú, Chile, and Ecuador have deployed more than 25 RNP AR approach procedures, designed in conjunction with LAN Airlines. Benefits included reduction in greenhouse gases emissions and improved accessibility
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Virtual airline (hobby)


can see their accomplishments and an overall roster displays an individuals performance among others in the group. When a virtual airline grows to a point where managing their operations becomes difficult, the airline might subdivide into smaller groups, called a hub. The concept is similar to pilot bases in real-world airlines where pilots are grouped together at a major airport to start and end a series of flights, under the direction of a hub manager. Virtual airlines based on airlines that really exist commonly provide hubs associated with what would be expected
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Tyrolean Airways


Tyrolean Airways, officially "Tyrolean Airways Tiroler Luftfahrt GmbH", was an Austrian airline based in Innsbruck with its hub at Vienna International Airport and its homebase at Innsbruck Airport. It was owned by the Lufthansa Group and was an affiliate of the Star Alliance together with its parent Austrian Airlines. Tyrolean operated regional flights under the "Austrian Arrows" brand on behalf of Austrian Airlines from 2003 until July 2012, when nearly all employees and the fleet of Austrian Airlines was transferred to it following a labour dispute. Following a new labour
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Alaska Airlines


many flights linking small towns to major transportation hubs and carries more passengers between Alaska and the contiguous United States than any other airline. The airline operates its largest hub at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, and it also operates hubs in Anchorage, Los Angeles, Portland, San Francisco and focus cities at San Diego and San Jose. As of 2018, the airline employs over 21,000 people and been ranked by J. D. Power and Associates as having the highest customer satisfaction of the traditional airlines for eleven consecutive years. Through the airline
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Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport


Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport is the major international airport serving Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, China. Located about southwest of downtown Chengdu to the north of Shuangliu District, Shuangliu airport is an important aviation hub for Western China. Shuangliu Airport is one of the two core hubs for Air China, together with Beijing, as well as the main hub and headquarters for Sichuan Airlines and Chengdu Airlines. China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines, Lucky Air and Tibet Airlines also have bases at Shuangliu Airport. Chengdu
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America West Express


Mesa Airlines to operate America West Airlines' regional and commuter services as America West Express. In the mid-1990s, with the opening of the America West Airlines hub at Port Columbus International Airport in Columbus, Ohio, America West Airlines used Chautauqua Airlines to provide Embraer ERJ-145 regional jet service to feed the hub. When the Columbus hub was shut down, the Chautauqua Airlines code share was discontinued, leaving Mesa as the sole operator of AW Express services. In 2003, America West greatly increased the size of their express operation by starting
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Mesa Air Group


two jets from a Phoenix hub to Des Moines and Spokane as America West Express. As Mesa acquired air carriers or expanded by creating new airlines, it grew in a seemingly haphazard manner. From 1989 through 1995, Mesa had grown from one airline with hubs in Albuquerque, Denver, and Phoenix to six separate airlines with hubs throughout the country, though it had as many as eight airlines prior to 1995. Rather than integrating each new acquisition and airline into one integrated company, Mesa continued operating each individual airline independently, with
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Star Alliance


(British Midland) and Mexicana Airlines joined on 1 July, bringing the alliance's membership to 13. The addition of BMI made London Heathrow the only European hub with two alliances. During the year, Emirates considered joining Star Alliance, but decided against it. That year the now-defunct BWIA West Indies Airways, which had entered an alliance with United Airlines, considered becoming a member but did not. In 2000, the alliance also opened its first three business centers (in Los Angeles, Frankfurt, and Bangkok)
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George Bush Intercontinental Airport


In 2017, the airport served 40,696,189 passengers, making it the 48th busiest airport in the world, and the 15th busiest airport in the United States. IAH covers 10,000 acres (40.5 km.) of land and has five runways. Houston Intercontinental is the second largest passenger hub for United Airlines. The airport also serves as a focus city for Spirit Airlines. Under operations as United Express, ExpressJet, Mesa Airlines, Republic Airline, and SkyWest Airlines operate hub operations from IAH. It served as a hub for Houston-
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North Star Air


North Star Air is a Canadian charter, passenger and cargo airline headquartered in Thunder Bay, Ontario, with secondary passenger hub in Sioux Lookout, Ontario, and cargo hubs located in Pickle Lake, Red Lake, Kapuskasing, Ontario and Thompson, Manitoba. The majority of destinations served are remote First Nations communities, with regular service to 18 airports under "Flex Flight Passenger Service", and other regional destination under an on-demand basis. Founded in 1997 as a float plane operator with two DHC-2 Beaver aircraft based in Pickle
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Airline hub


's capacity may become exhausted or capacity shortages may occur during peak periods of the day, at which point airlines may be compelled to shift traffic to a reliever hub. A reliever hub has the potential to serve several functions for an airline: it can bypass the congested hub, it can absorb excess demand for flights that could otherwise not be scheduled at the congested hub, and it can schedule new O&D city pairs for connecting traffic. One of the most recognized examples of this model is Delta Air Lines's use of LaGuardia
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Shanghai Pudong International Airport


, as well as secondary hub of China Southern Airlines. It is also the hub for privately owned Juneyao Airlines and Spring Airlines, and an Asia-Pacific cargo hub for UPS and DHL. The DHL hub, opened in July 2012, is said to be the biggest express hub in Asia. Pudong Airport has two main passenger terminals, flanked on both sides by four operational parallel runways. A third passenger terminal has been planned since 2015, in addition to a satellite terminal and two additional runways, which will raise its
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AmericanConnection


AmericanConnection was an American flight connection service brand name for the spoke-hub of U.S. mainline carrier American Airlines, under which regional airline operator Chautauqua Airlines operated feeder flights for American Airlines at its Chicago hub. American Airlines also uses affiliated companies (corporations under common ownership) operating under the American Eagle brand to provide regional service to its other hubs in addition to the AmericanConnection service that was operated by Chautauqua Airlines. On April 6, 2010, American moved all existing AmericanConnection operations to Chicago-O'Hare as part of its restructuring plan
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List of Air Canada destinations


Air Canada is the largest airline and flag carrier of Canada. Founded in 1936 as Trans-Canada Airlines, it provides scheduled services to 194 destinations on six continents. Its largest hub is Toronto Pearson International Airport, followed by Montreal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport, Vancouver International Airport and Calgary International Airport. Air Canada is the world's 10th largest passenger airline by fleet size, and the airline is a founding member of Star Alliance. In 2014, Air Canada together with its Air Canada Express regional partners carried over 38
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Lufthansa


, Lufthansa Cargo was forced to relocate a hub from Kazakhstan to Russia. On August 28, 2008, Lufthansa and Brussels Airlines announced that they were negotiating joining together. Lufthansa acquired a 45% stake in Brussels Airlines in 2009. It has an option to acquire the remaining 55% by 2017. As a part of the deal Brussels Airlines joined Star Alliance in December 2009. On October 28, 2008, Lufthansa exercised its option to purchase a further 60% share in BMI (in addition to the 20% Lufthansa already
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EgyptAir


EgyptAir (Arabic: مصر للطيران, "") is the flag carrier airline of Egypt. The airline is headquartered at Cairo International Airport, its main hub, operating scheduled passenger and freight services to more than 75 destinations in the Middle East, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Egyptair is a member of Star Alliance and the Arab Air Carriers Organization. Alan Muntz, chairman of Airwork, visited Egypt in 1931; at that time, he expressed his intention of starting up a new airline in the country.
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Alcazar (airline)


's hub at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport would become the main hub for flights to South America, while Austrian's hub at Vienna International Airport would become the main hub for flights to Eastern Europe. The airlines operated three different long-haul aircraft: SAS used Boeing 767s, Swissair McDonnell Douglas MD-11s, while KLM operated Boeing 747 aircraft. Other non-conformities between the airlines included SAS using Amadeus and KLM using Galileo as their computer reservations system. To resolve issues with the labour unions, the airlines decided to organize the company with
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Midway Airlines (1993–2003)


Ft. Worth and Denver. Due to competition and limited gate space, Midway moved to Durham, North Carolina, and set up a hub at Raleigh-Durham International Airport (RDU) in 1995. (Midway eventually moved its headquarters to Morrisville, North Carolina.) Midway's arrival at RDU coincided with the closure of an American Airlines hub, as they focused their assets in MIA after taking over the former Eastern Airlines hub. For several years Midway partnered with American Airlines and offered American Airlines AAdvantage miles in the RDU
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TV Perú


regime. In 2006 the station was renamed again to TV Perú. Nowadays TV Perú is better known for its regular programming devoted to spread Peruvian culture, by showing documentaries such as "Reportaje al Perú" and "Costumbres". Sometime during the mid-2000s (decade) aired reruns of korean dramas dubbed into Spanish such as All About Eve, A wish upon star among others. On 30 March 2010, TV Perú launched its high-definition signal (using ISDB-TB) with the collaboration of the government of Japan who
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Western Airlines


Western's Salt Lake City hub became a major Delta hub, and Delta now uses Los Angeles as a major gateway and hub as well. This mainline destination list is taken from Western's March 1, 1987 timetable shortly before the merger with Delta Air Lines. The airline's main hub was Salt Lake City International Airport with a smaller hub at Los Angeles International Airport. Western had a flight between Washington Dulles International Airport in Washington, D.C., and Washington National Airport at one point in 1985. In 1987 the airline had
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Fayetteville Regional Airport


Regional Airport is served by Delta Air Lines and Delta Connection carrier ExpressJet, American Eagle carriers Piedmont Airlines and PSA Airlines, American Eagle offers direct flights to Charlotte/Douglas International Airport. Delta and Delta Connection offer direct service to Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport. Fayetteville is served by member airlines of Star Alliance, Oneworld, and SkyTeam, the three major global airline alliances, providing access to thousands of destinations worldwide via major hub airports. As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 202,597 passenger boardings (enplanements)
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History of United Airlines


United orders the then-new Boeing 747-400. In 1993, United phased out the 'Saul Bass' livery and introduced the 'Battleship Gray' livery to their fleet. In 1997, United co-founded the Star Alliance with Air Canada, Lufthansa, Scandinavian Airlines and Thai Airways. That same year, United opened its Southwest US hub at Los Angeles International Airport. In 1995, United became both the launch customer of and first airline to operate the Boeing 777, and had significant input on its design.
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Mesa Airlines


hub for America West Express. The FloridaGulf Airlines division was formed in 1991 after Mesa's acquisition of Air Midwest. Air Midwest's CEO, Robert Priddy, was chosen to start up the operation. It operated under a code share agreement with USAir and was a USAir Express carrier. It started with a Tampa hub, providing service to Florida and the southeast United States using Beechcraft 1900 aircraft. Additional hubs in Orlando and New Orleans were established. In 1993, the airline expanded into the Northeast, with a hub in Boston
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Air Midwest


Omaha, and Manhattan, KS. By the end of 1985 the airline was operating five Saab 340's and 24 Metroliners. Although Air Midwest was unsuccessful in gaining a codeshare with Republic through the Scheduled Skyways merger, it was able to acquire codeshare agreements in 1985 with Eastern Airlines as Eastern Air Midwest Express at the Kansas City and Wichita hubs and later with Ozark Air Lines as Ozark Midwest at that carriers' St. Louis hub, and American Airlines as part of the American Eagle (airline brand) at their Nashville hub.
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Denver International Airport


Frontier Airlines and United Airlines, and is a main operating base for Southwest Airlines. These three airlines' combined operations made up about 85% of the total passenger traffic at DIA . Denver has traditionally been home to one of the busier airports in the nation because of its location. Many airlines including United Airlines, Western Airlines, former Frontier Airlines and People Express were hubbed at the old Stapleton International Airport. At times, Stapleton was a hub for three or four airlines. The main reasons that justified the construction of the
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Airline hub


and Oman Air were both founded in 1993, with hubs at Doha and Muscat respectively. As the new airlines grew, their home nations relied less on Gulf Air to provide air service. Qatar withdrew its share in Gulf Air in 2002. In 2003, the UAE formed another national airline, Etihad Airways, which is based in Abu Dhabi. The country exited Gulf Air in 2006, and Oman followed in 2007. Emirates, Qatar Airways and Etihad Airways have since established large hubs at their respective home airports. The hubs
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Cleveland Hopkins International Airport


added that overall profitability would be the determining factor in whether the new United kept or closed the Cleveland hub. United continued to reduce its capacity in Cleveland following the merger, which already had been substantially reduced in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. On February 1, 2014, United announced that the airline would shut down its Cleveland hub, stating as justification that the airline's hub at Cleveland "hasn't been profitable for over a decade." By June 5, 2014, United Airlines effectively terminated its hub operation
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Piedmont Airlines (1948–89)


; nonstop between San Francisco and Charlotte, Dayton and Kansas City; nonstop between Phoenix and Baltimore and Charlotte; and nonstop between Seattle and Charlotte Shortly before the merger with USAir in 1989, Piedmont had hubs at Baltimore, Charlotte, Dayton and Syracuse. Syracuse was the smallest hub; it had been an Empire hub. After deregulation in the late 1970s the airline grew rapidly and developed a hub at Charlotte/Douglas International Airport in Charlotte, North Carolina. Piedmont bought Empire Airlines, based in Utica, New York, in
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US Airways


day to 193 destinations in 24 countries from its hubs in Phoenix, Charlotte, and Philadelphia. US Airways' routes were concentrated along the East Coast of the United States, Southwestern United States, and the Caribbean, with a number of routes serving Europe and primary destinations along the U.S. West Coast. The airline's western U.S. presence had increased following the merger with America West. Codesharing with United Airlines (before leaving the Star Alliance) had helped US Airways by enabling the airline to offer its customers service throughout the Midwest,
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Beijing Capital International Airport


project was given final approval on 13 January 2013. Construction began in late 2014 and is expected to be completed in 2019. The new airport will serve as a hub for SkyTeam alliance airlines (except China Eastern Airlines), while Star Alliance members will stay at Beijing Capital International Airport. Hainan Airlines, which accounted for 10% of Beijing Capital International's passenger seat capacity in 2016, but is not part of any major alliance, will stay at the existing capital airport. The airport has three terminals. Terminal 1 serves
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San Diego International Airport


, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. San Diego is the largest metropolitan area in the United States that is not an airline hub or secondary hub; however, San Diego is a focus city for Alaska Airlines and Southwest Airlines. The top five carriers in San Diego during 2017 were Southwest Airlines (34.7%), American Airlines (12.6%), United Airlines (11.9%), Delta Air Lines (10.3%), and Alaska Airlines (8.7%). San Diego International is the busiest single runway airport
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Hawaiian Airlines


Hawaiian Airlines () is the flag carrier and the largest airline in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is the tenth-largest commercial airline in the US, and is based in Honolulu, Hawaii. The airline operates its main hub at Daniel K. Inouye International Airport on the island of Oʻahu and a secondary hub out of Kahului Airport on the island of Maui. Hawaiian Airlines operates flights to Asia, American Samoa, Australia, French Polynesia, Hawaii, New Zealand, and the United States mainland. Hawaiian Airlines is owned
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Vilnius Airport


Airlines and a base for Wizz Air. It used to be a main hub for Star1 Airlines until their end of operations in September 2010 and Aurela until Aurela had lost its flight license. It was the hub for Small Planet Airlines and Aviavilsa until both airlines folded. The airport was a secondary hub for airBaltic, Estonian Air and Skyways Express until they closed the bases in Vilnius. On 30 June 2013 Air Lituanica also began its flights from the Vilnius Airport and established its base there serving several European cities. However, by
4921259
Texas International Airlines


, for Texas International. Texas Air then acquired Continental Airlines in 1982 and merged Continental and Texas International on October 31, 1982 with TI assuming the former's name. The last Texas International aircraft were seen in 1983. Today's successor to Trans-Texas Airways and Texas International is United Airlines, which merged with Continental in 2010. The airline has a large hub at George Bush Intercontinental Airport, a former hub for Texas International. Dallas/Fort Worth Airport was a hub for Texas International before its merger with Continental.
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Rafael Núñez International Airport


), a Colombian company that has the experience and technology of its partner operator AENA Spain. Airlines including Air Canada Rouge, Air Panama, Air Transat, American Airlines, Avianca, Copa Airlines, Delta Air Lines, EasyFly, JetBlue, LATAM Colombia, LATAM Perú, Spirit Airlines, VivaColombia, and Wingo have international flights from this airport to various cities in North, Central and South America. KLM have flights to Amsterdam, Netherlands. The Cartagena VOR-DME (Ident: CTG) is located south of the airport
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Jazeera Airways


requested the airline to terminate its hub operations at Dubai. This step was seen as a support to Dubai's upcoming launch of its own low-cost airline, FlyDubai. Jazeera changed its operation model by concentrating on its Kuwait hub and trying to launch a second hub somewhere else. By Q2 2010, the new model proved unprofitable as the Kuwait hub suffered from overcapacity. The airline changed its plans by cancelling many stations and parking some aircraft which were later returned to lessor. In 2018, Jazeera Airways opened their own dedicated
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Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport


Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport (formerly Shenzhen Huangtian Airport) is the airport serving the city of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. It is located on the east bank of the Pearl River near Huangtian and Fuyong villages in Bao'an District, and is northwest of the city center. It is a hub for Shenzhen Airlines and Shenzhen Donghai Airlines and for cargo airline SF Airlines, and a focus city for China Southern Airlines and Hainan Airlines. The airport also serves as an Asian-Pacific cargo hub for UPS Airlines. The airport is
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Continental Airlines


Continental's already formidable Denver hub. Because it had been the largest airline operating in the New York market, the People Express hub at Newark would permit Continental to expand its East Coast services dramatically. Continental soon became the third-largest airline in the U.S. and the predominant force in the New York, Denver and Houston airline markets. Continental emerged from bankruptcy on June 30, 1986, with improved asset and cash flow positions and a more competitive route structure with routes radiating to every large U.S. city from major hubs at Denver
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AirBaltic


the airline formerly used the SAS EuroBonus frequent flyer programme, but it now has its own frequent flyer programme called PINS. Some of AirBaltic's products and services are still shared with SAS, including co-ordinated timetabling and shared airport lounges. AirBaltic is not a member of any airline alliance, but does have codeshare agreements in place with several Star Alliance member airlines and others. AirBaltic had secondary hubs at Vilnius International Airport and Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport. The majority of the routes commenced from Tallinn were cancelled shortly after opening,
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Miami International Airport


has 15 international-capable gates, and a total floor area of 1.3 million square feet (120,000 m), including two airline lounges and several offices. Concourse H primarily serves Delta and its partners in the SkyTeam alliance (such as Aeromexico, Air France and KLM), while Concourse J serves several Star Alliance carriers (including Air Canada, Avianca and Lufthansa) as well as oneworld carrier LATAM Airlines and Delta affiliate Virgin Atlantic. Prior to 2004, when United Airlines eliminated its Latin America hub at MIA, the South
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