Kemp's ridley sea turtle [SEP] IUCN conservation status
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Cheloniidae


. The green sea turtle, on the other hand, feeds primarily on many different types of sea grasses. The conservation status of each of the seven turtle species are mostly all endangered or threatened. The green and loggerhead sea turtles are categorized as endangered, Olive Ridleys are classified as vulnerable, Kemp's Ridleys, and Hawksbills sea turtles are critically endangered and the Flat Back sea turtle does not have enough data to draw an accurate conclusion on conservation status. This is due to their slow growth rate to full maturity. Many
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Kemp's ridley sea turtle


is decided by the temperature in the area during . If the temperature is below 29.5 °C, the offspring will be mainly male. Hunting first depleted the numbers of Kemp's Ridley sea turtle, but today, major threats include habitat loss, pollution, and entanglement in shrimping nets. Mexico first protected Kemp's ridleys in the “2018s”. In the United States, Kemp's ridley turtle was first listed under the Endangered Species Conservation Act of 1970 on December 2, 1970, and subsequently under the Endangered Species Act
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Kemp's ridley sea turtle


Kemp's ridley sea turtle ("Lepidochelys kempii" ), also called the Atlantic ridley sea turtle, is the rarest species of sea turtle and is critically endangered. It is one of two living species in the genus "Lepidochelys" (the other one being "L. olivacea", the olive ridley sea turtle). This species of turtle is called Kemp's ridley because Richard Moore Kemp (1825-1908) of Key West was the first to send a specimen to Samuel Garman at Harvard. However, the etymology
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Ridley sea turtle


Ridley sea turtles ("Lepidochelys") are a genus of sea turtle comprising two species: Kemp's ridley sea turtle and the olive ridley sea turtle. Kemp's ridley sea turtles are currently on the New York and United States lists of endangered species . Adult ridley sea turtles grow to a length of . They have a weight of . They feed on crabs, fish, cephalopods, clams, and some marine vegetation. The etymology of "ridley" is a subject of speculation. Prior to being known as ridleys,
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Marine conservation


the last 100–150 years there has been a 48–65 percent decrease in the number of mature nesting females. The Kemp's ridley sea turtle population fell in 1947 when 33,000 nests, which accounted for 80 percent of the population, were collected and sold by villagers in Racho Nuevo, Mexico. In the early 1960s only 5,000 individuals were left, and between 1978 and 1991, 200 Kemp's Ridley Turtles nested annually. In 2015, the World Wildlife Fund and "National Geographic Magazine" named the Kemp's ridley the most endangered sea
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Olive ridley sea turtle


as vulnerable according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), and is listed in Appendix I of CITES. These listings were largely responsible for halting the large-scale commercial exploitation and trade of olive ridley skins. The Convention on Migratory Species and the Inter-American Convention for the Protection and Conservation of Sea Turtles have also provided olive ridleys with protection, leading to increased conservation and management for this marine turtle. National listings for this species range from endangered to threatened, yet enforcing these sanctions
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Kemp's ridley sea turtle


died of a broken heart". Kemp's ridley is a small sea turtle species, reaching maturity at carapace length and weighing only . Typical of sea turtles, it has a dorsoventrally depressed body with specially adapted flipper-like front limbs and a beak. Kemp's ridley turtle is the smallest of the sea turtles, with adults reaching a maximum of in carapace length and weighing a maximum of . The adult has an oval carapace that is almost as wide as it is long and is usually olive-gray in color.
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Ridley sea turtle


the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède referred to the "Lepidochelys" species as "bastard turtles". Renowned sea turtle conservationist Archie Carr claimed that "ridley" was a common Floridan term. Quite possibly, a dialectic corruption of "riddle." The Kemp's ridley sea turtles were on the brink of extinction in the 1960s with low numbers of 200 nesting individuals. Due to strict protection laws that protected their nesting sites in Mexico and altered fishing gear to avoid accidental capture of the Kemp's, the Kemp's ridley
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Sea turtle


Endangered Species Act (ESA). The US listing status of the loggerhead sea turtle is under review as of 2012. *The ESA manages sea turtles by population and not by species. In the Caribbean, researchers are having some success in assisting a comeback. In September 2007, Corpus Christi, Texas, wildlife officials found 128 Kemp's ridley sea turtle nests on Texas beaches, a record number, including 81 on North Padre Island (Padre Island National Seashore) and four on Mustang Island. Wildlife officials released 10,594 Kemp
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Sea Turtle Restoration Project


Texas-based Help Endangered Animals – Ridley Turtles (HEART) organization and opened its Gulf of Mexico office. The focus of this program is protecting the habitat of the critically endangered Kemp's Ridley sea turtle through the enforcement of Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDS) in shrimp nets and the development of a Kemp's Ridley marine reserve that is off limits to commercial fishing in the Gulf of Mexico. In 2008 a record-breaking season occurred with 148 Kemp's Ridley nests found along the Texas coast, which was more than double
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Olive ridley sea turtle


on a global scale has been unsuccessful for the most part. Conservation successes for the olive ridley have relied on well-coordinated national programs in combination with local communities and nongovernment organizations, which focused primarily on public outreach and education. "Arribada" management has also played a critical role in conserving olive ridleys. Lastly, enforcing the use of turtle excluder devices in the shrimp-trawling industry has also proved effective in some areas. Globally, the olive ridley continues to receive less conservation attention than its close relative, the Kemp
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Kemp's ridley sea turtle


arrive in large groups of hundreds or thousands in nesting aggregations called "arribadas", which is a Spanish word for "arrivals". Some travel as far away as the coast of Ireland, and two individuals managed to journey as far as the coasts of Devonshire. Kemp's ridley turtle feeds on mollusks, crustaceans, jellyfish, fish, algae or seaweed, and sea urchins. Juvenile Kemp's ridleys primarily feed on crabs. Juvenile turtles tend to live in floating sargassum seaweed beds for their first years. Then they range
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Olive ridley sea turtle


The olive ridley sea turtle ("Lepidochelys olivacea"), also known as the Pacific ridley sea turtle, are the second smallest and most abundant of all sea turtles found in the world; this species of sea turtle is found in warm and tropical waters, primarily in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. They can also be found in the warm waters of the Atlantic Ocean. These turtles, along with the related Kemps ridley turtle, are best known for their unique mass nesting called "arribada", where thousands of females
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Kemp's ridley sea turtle


of the name "ridley" itself is unknown. Prior to the term being popularly used (for both species in the genus), "L. kempii" at least was known as the "bastard turtle". At least one source also refers to Kemp's ridley as a "heartbreak turtle". In her book "The Great Ridley Rescue", Pamela Philips claimed the name was coined by fishermen who witnessed the turtles dying after being "turned turtle" (on their backs). The fishermen said the turtles "
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Frederick Yeh


sea turtle conservation efforts in Hawaii. According to the global authority on nature conservation, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the sea turtles of the Hawaiian Islands were also once under the threat of near extinction, but are now thriving and their conservation status reclassified as "Least Concern" according to the IUCN Red List. Thus, Yeh established Sea Turtles 911 under Hawaiian jurisdiction, and changed the course of his life by moving to China to save the sea turtles he had hopelessly witnessed being sold, earning
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Kemp's ridley sea turtle


deaths were recorded; most were Kemp's ridleys. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries biologists and enforcement agents rescued Kemp's ridleys in Grand Isle. "Most" of the 456 oiled turtles that were rescued, cleaned, and released by US Fish and Wildlife Service were Kemp's ridleys. Of the endangered marine species frequenting Gulf waters, only Kemp's ridley relies on the region as its sole breeding ground. As part of the effort to save the species from some of the effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, scientists
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Kemp's ridley sea turtle


7 years (see graph to 2013, provisional figures for 2014 as at July, 118.). Wildlife officials released 10,594 Kemp's ridley hatchlings along the Texas coast that year. The turtles are popular in Mexico, as boot material and food. Some Kemp's ridleys were airlifted from Mexico after the 1979 blowout of the Ixtoc 1 rig, which spilled millions of gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Since April 30, 2010, 10 days after the accident on the "Deepwater Horizon", 156 sea turtle
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Sea turtle


Sea turtles (superfamily Chelonioidea), sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the green sea turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, Kemp's ridley sea turtle, olive ridley sea turtle, hawksbill sea turtle, flatback sea turtle, and leatherback sea turtle. The majority of a sea turtle's body is protected by its shell. The sea turtle's shell is divided into two sections: the carapace (the dorsal portion) and the plastron
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The Windward Road


The Windward Road: Adventures of a Naturalist on Remote Caribbean Shores, was written by Archie Carr and originally published in 1956. It is an account of Dr. Carr's travels around the Caribbean to study sea turtles and their migratory and behavior patterns, especially Kemp's ridley, a species about which little was known at the time. This book led to the formation of The Brotherhood of the Green Turtle, which later became the Caribbean Conservation Corporation, and is now known as the Sea Turtle Conservancy. It was awarded the 1957
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Gahirmatha Beach


per IUCN Red Data Book.The sea turtles are protected under the 'Migratory Species Convention' and CITES (Convention of International Trade on Wildlife Flora and Fauna). India is a signatory nation to all these conventions. The 'Homing' characteristics of the Ridley sea turtles make them more prone to mass casualty. The voyage to the natal nesting beaches is the dooming factor for the sea turtles. Since Gahirmatha coast serves as the natal nesting beach for millions of turtles, it has immense importance on turtle conservation. Source:
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Cheloniidae


Cheloniidae is a family of typically large marine turtles that are characterised by their common traits such as, having a flat streamlined wide and rounded shell and almost paddle-like flippers for their forelimbs. The six species that make up this family are: the green sea turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, olive ridley sea turtle, hawksbill sea turtle, flatback sea turtle and the Kemp's ridley sea turtle. In contrast to their earth-bound relatives, tortoises, sea turtles do not have the ability to retract their heads into their
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Kemp's ridley sea turtle


(ESA) of 1973. A binational recovery plan was developed in 1984, and revised in 1992. A draft public review draft of the second revision was published by NOAA Fisheries in March 2010. This revision includes an updated threat assessment. One mechanism used to protect turtles from fishing nets is the turtle excluder device (TED). Because the biggest danger to the population of Kemp's ridley sea turtles is shrimp trawls, the device is attached to the shrimp trawl. It is a grid of bars with an opening at
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Sea turtle


to the ocean, leaving the eggs untended. Females may lay 1–8 clutches in a single season. Female sea turtles alternate between mating in the water and laying their eggs on land. Most sea turtle species nest individually. But ridley sea turtles come ashore en masse, known as an "arribada" (arrival). With the Kemp's ridley sea turtle this occurs during the day. Sea turtles have temperature-dependent sex determination, meaning the developing baby sea turtle's sex depends on the temperature it is exposed to.
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Kemp's ridley sea turtle


the top or bottom, fitted into the neck of the shrimp trawl. It allows small animals to slip through the bars and be caught while larger animals, such as sea turtles, strike the bars and are ejected, thus avoiding possible drowning. In September 2007, Corpus Christi, Texas, wildlife officials found a record of 128 Kemp's ridley sea turtle nests on Texas beaches, including 81 on North Padre Island (Padre Island National Seashore) and four on Mustang Island. The figure was exceeded in each of the following
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Olive ridley sea turtle


olive ridley sea turtle has been listed on Schedule – I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (amended 1991). The species is listed as vulnerable under IUCN. The sea turtles are protected under the 'Migratory Species Convention' and Convention of International Trade on Wildlife Flora and Fauna (CITES). India is a signatory nation to all these conventions. The homing characteristics of the ridley sea turtles make them more prone to mass casualty. The voyage to the natal nesting beaches is the dooming factor for them
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Padre Island National Seashore


Padre Island was begun in 1978. In 1992, the first two turtles from the program returned to Padre Island beach to lay their eggs. The number of Kemp's ridley sea turtle nests on Padre Island has increased ever since with 28 being found in 2005. Park rangers at PAIS are involved in an effort to help this endangered species. In the summer, visitors can witness the release of newborn turtles. On September 2007, Corpus Christi, Texas wildlife officials found a record of 128 Kemp's ridley sea turtle nests on
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Kemp's ridley sea turtle


all nesting occurring in Mexico in the state of Tamaulipas. Kemp's ridley sea turtle generally prefers warm waters, but inhabits waters as far north as New Jersey. These turtles migrate to the Gulf of Mexico and the western Atlantic, where they often inhabit the waters off Louisiana, among other states that boarder the gulf . Its geographic range includes the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Almost all females return each year to a single beach—Rancho Nuevo in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas—to lay eggs. The females
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Loggerhead sea turtle


ago. Of the six species of living Cheloniidae, loggerheads are more closely related to the Kemp's ridley sea turtle, olive ridley sea turtle, and the hawksbill turtle than they are to the flatback turtle and the green turtle. Around three million years ago, during the Pliocene epoch, Central America emerged from the sea, effectively cutting off currents between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans. The rerouting of ocean currents led to climatic changes as the Earth entered a glacial cycle. Cold water upwelling around the Cape of Good
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Ila Loetscher


Loetscher developed an affection for and interest in sea turtles, which would come to define the latter half of her life. From 1963-1967, she accompanied fellow island residents on trips to Mexico to get eggs for the endangered Kemp's Ridley turtle that they would plant and protect on the island, and she received a state license to care for sick and injured sea turtles. In 1977, Loetscher founded “Sea Turtle, Inc”, a non-profit corporation focused on protecting and preserving sea turtles, particularly the Kemp
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Cayo Costa State Park


, green ("Chelonia mydas"), and Kemp's ridley ("Lepidochelys kempii"). Cayo Costa has many volunteers who check the entire nine mile beach each morning during sea turtle nesting season to find new nests and document them which is during the months of March through October in Southwest Florida. The loggerhead turtle is found far more than the others, and the green turtle is a distant second. The loggerhead turtle and green turtle's eggs have the most diverse niches awhile hawksbill and Kemp's ridley do not
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Sea turtle migration


. Adult turtles may learn aspects of the magnetic field and use this to navigate in a learned rather than innate way. Juveniles often reside in coastal feeding grounds as is the case with green sea turtles and loggerheads. Adult sea turtles can be divided into 3 categories according to their movements. Leatherbacks and olive ridley turtles roam widely and unpredictably before returning to specific breeding sites. Satellite tracking of leatherbacks showed however that they tended to stay within relatively food-rich areas of the ocean during their migration. Kemp's ridley sea turtles
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Laguna de Términos


stingray ("Urobatis jamaicensis"); seagrass is reported to be important for its parturition. Campeche and Tabasco holds wetlands consisting of mangrove zones, swamps, and lagoons serving as important habitats for aquatic reptiles such as crocodiles (American, Morelet's, Brown caiman). Nationally endangered Hawksbill, Green sea, and Kemp's Ridley sea turtles come on sandy shores to lay eggs especially setting a special protection on Kemp's Ridley turtles. Mangroves around the Lagoon of Términos provides a migratory collider for at least 33% of the
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Sea turtle


observed during night dives with a blue LED light and with a camera equipped with an orange optical filter to capture only the fluorescence light. The loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, olive ridley, and hawksbill sea turtles are omnivorous their entire life. Omnivorous turtles may eat a wide variety of plant and animal life including decapods, seagrasses, seaweed, sponges, mollusks, cnidarians, echinoderms, worms and fish. However, some species specialize on certain prey. The diet of green sea turtles changes with age. Juveniles are omnivorous,
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Sea turtle


the sand in the dunes and help protect the beach from erosion. Sea turtles also maintain a symbiotic relationship with yellow tang, in which the fish will eat algae growing on the shell of a sea turtle. The IUCN Red List classifies three species of sea turtle as either "Endangered" or "Critically Endangered". An additional three species are classified as "Vulnerable". The flatback sea turtle is considered as "Data Deficient", meaning that its conservation status is unclear due to lack of data. All species of
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Kemp's ridley sea turtle


took nests and incubated them elsewhere; 67 eggs were collected from a nest along the Florida Panhandle on June 26, 2010, and brought to a temperature-controlled warehouse at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, where 56 hatched, and 22 were released on 11 July 2010. The overall plan was to collect eggs from about 700 sea turtle nests, incubate them, and release the young on beaches across Alabama and Florida over a period of months. Eventually, 278 nests were collected, including only a few Kemp's ridley nests
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Canary Islands


loggerhead sea turtle. The other four are the green sea turtle, hawksbill sea turtle, leatherback sea turtle and Kemp's ridley sea turtle. Currently, there are no signs that any of these species breed in the islands, and so those seen in the water are usually migrating. However, it is believed that some of these species may have bred in the islands in the past, and there are records of several sightings of leatherback sea turtle on beaches in Fuerteventura, adding credibility to the theory. Marine mammals include the
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Flatback sea turtle


weigh from 70 to 90 kg (154 to 198 lb). The hatchlings, when emerging from nests, are larger than other sea turtle hatchlings when they hatch. The flatback turtle is listed by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as Data Deficient, meaning there is insufficient scientific information to determine its conservation status at this time. It was previously listed as Vulnerable in 1994. It is not as threatened as other sea turtles due to its small dispersal range. The flatback sea turtle was originally described as "Chelonia depressa
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Olive ridley sea turtle


", which translates to turtle. This could possibly be a reference to the supernumerary costal scute counts characteristic of this genus. The etymology of the English vernacular name "olive" is somewhat easier to resolve, as its carapace is olive green in color. However, the origin of "ridley" is still somewhat unclear, perhaps derived from "riddle". "Lepidochelys" is the only genus of sea turtles containing more than one extant species: "L. olivacea" and the closely related "L. kempii" (Kemp
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Sea turtle


found in all oceans except for the polar regions. The flatback sea turtle is found solely on the northern coast of Australia. The Kemp's ridley sea turtle is found solely in the Gulf of Mexico and along the East Coast of the United States. Sea turtles are generally found in the waters over continental shelves. During the first three to five years of life, sea turtles spend most of their time in the pelagic zone floating in seaweed mats. Green sea turtles in particular are often found in "Sargassum" mats,
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Ostional Wildlife Refuge


The Ostional Wildlife Refuge is a Wildlife refuge of Costa Rica, part of the Tempisque Conservation Area, was originally declared a protected area in 1982, and its status has been changed several times since then, including covering a larger area both on land and out to sea. It was created to protect important nesting beaches of the Olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea). According to the World Wildlife Fund, the Refuge is “one of the two most important areas in the world for nesting of the Olive Ridley turtle.
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Fauna of the United States


dolphin and Atlantic white-sided dolphin, while species roaming the southeastern parts of the coastline include the Fraser's dolphin, pantropical spotted dolphin, Clymene dolphin, spinner dolphin, and the rough-toothed dolphin. Several sea turtles live along the Atlantic coast, including the hawksbill sea turtle, Kemp's ridley sea turtle, and loggerhead sea turtle. The green sea turtle and leatherback sea turtle are more common species along the southeastern coastline. Land turtles and tortoises found throughout most of the Eastern United States are the common snapping turtle
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Kemp's ridley sea turtle


The carapace has five pairs of costal scutes. In each bridge adjoining the plastron to the carapace are four inframarginal scutes, each of which is perforated by a pore. The head has two pairs of prefrontal scales. Hatchlings are black on both sides. Kemp's ridley has a triangular-shaped head with a somewhat hooked beak with large crushing surfaces. This turtle is a shallow-water benthic feeder with a diet consisting primarily of crabs. This is the only species that nests primarily during the day, with 95% of
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Loggerhead sea turtle


polymorphic species. Molecular genetics has confirmed hybridization of the loggerhead sea turtle with the Kemp's ridley sea turtle, hawksbill sea turtle, and green sea turtles. The extent of natural hybridization is not yet determined; however, second-generation hybrids have been reported, suggesting some hybrids are fertile. Although evidence is lacking, modern sea turtles probably descended from a single common ancestor during the Cretaceous period. Like all other sea turtles except the leatherback, loggerheads are members of the ancient family Cheloniidae, and appeared about 40 million years
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Threats to sea turtles


their eyes, skin, and lungs which can lead to significant health problems. Even if they are not directly in contact with marine pollution, sea turtles can still ingest harmful chemicals through the food they eat. Oil is also a cause for the death of seagrass, which is a large staple in the diet of the green turtle. The diets of the hawksbill sea turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, and Kemp's ridley sea turtle species have also been affected by the oil’s role in the reduction of certain sponges and invertebrates
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Olive ridley sea turtle


considered a major threat to olive ridley populations, thus the practice of allowing legal egg harvests continues to attract criticism from conservationists and sea turtle biologists. Plotkin's "Biology and Conservation of Ridley Sea Turtles", particularly the chapter by Lisa Campbell titled "Understanding Human Use of Olive Ridleys", provides further research on the Ostional harvest (as well as other harvesting projects). Scott Drucker's documentary, "Between the Harvest", offers a glimpse into this world and the debate surrounding it. The olive ridley is classified
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Sea Turtle Restoration Project


the Kemp's Ridley sea turtle in [/Texas/], developing community-based projects to protect local sea turtle populations in the Western Pacific, preventing the capture of sea turtles by industrial fishing operations worldwide, and protecting critical foraging habitat for the near extinct Pacific leatherback turtle off the west coast of the United States. In 1999 STRP broke off from its parent organization Earth Island Institute and was re-incorporated as the Turtle Island Restoration Network (TIRN). That same year STRP staff members marched with people dressed in sea turtle
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Guanacaste Conservation Area


spoonbill, great green macaw, and the military macaw. Both the military macaw and the great curassow have a conservation status of vulnerable. The mangrove hummingbird and the great green macaw are considered endangered. Some interesting reptile species that inhabit this area include the American crocodile, spectacled caiman, the critically endangered Leatherback sea turtle, and the vulnerable Olive Ridley sea turtle. Alongside the diverse fauna, a highly diverse flora is also present in the conservation area. It is estimated that there are over 7,000 species of plants in this area
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El Salvador


imbricata"), the green sea turtle (black) ("Chelonia agasizzii") and the olive ridley ("Lepidochelys olivacea"). Of these four species, the most common is the olive ridley turtle, followed by the green sea turtle. The other two species, hawksbill and leatherback, are much more difficult to find as they are critically endangered, while the olive ridley and green sea turtle are in danger of extinction. Recent conservation efforts provide hope for the future of the country's biological diversity. In
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Texas State Aquarium


exhibit at the aquarium. Visitors can view the rehabilitated and unreleasable sea turtles above and below the water at this exhibit. Tortugay Cay includes three green sea turtles (Squirt, Pickles, and Crush), one kemp's ridley sea turtle (Daisy), one hawksbill sea turtle (Hemingway), and a loggerhead sea turtle (Tiki). In addition to regular tours, the Texas State Aquarium offers many other educational programs. Aquarium Discover Programs allow schools to bring their students to learn about the Gulf of Mexico environment.
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Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge


geese, swans, wading birds, shorebirds, and raptors. There are neotropical migrants that are seasonally abundant on the refuge. The refuge has 1,000 acres (4 km) of manageable waterfowl impoundments, and there are several shorebird nesting areas and wading bird rookeries are located in the refuge. Endangered and threatened species include shortnose sturgeon, red wolf, loggerhead sea turtles, green sea turtle, leatherback sea turtle, hawksbill sea turtle, Kemp's Ridley sea turtle, red-cockaded woodpecker, roseate tern, West Indian manatee,
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Cayman Turtle Centre


was renamed the Cayman Turtle Centre: Island Wildlife Encounter in order that visitors knew about the park's other attractions, beyond its sea turtles. With the centre becoming successful in breeding and researching the green sea turtle as well as the Kemp's ridley sea turtle, the centre became one of the most successful tourist attractions in the Caymans by the turn of the 21st century. The centre is 23 acres and featured predators, birds, caiman, and other creatures in addition to turtles. In 2001, however, a severe setback
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Sea turtle


Warmer temperatures produce female hatchlings, while cooler temperatures produce male hatchlings. The eggs will incubate for 50–60 days. The eggs in one nest hatch together over a short period of time. The baby sea turtles break free of the egg shell, dig through the sand, and crawl into the sea. Most species of sea turtles hatch at night. However, the Kemp's ridley sea turtle commonly hatches during the day. Sea turtle nests that hatch during the day are more vulnerable to predators, and may encounter more human activity
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List of threatened reptiles and amphibians of the United States


According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 93 reptile and amphibian species in the United States are threatened with extinction. The IUCN has classified each of these species into one of three conservation statuses: vulnerable , endangered , and critically endangered . Family Crocodylidae (crocodiles) Family Chelydridae (snapping turtles) Family Kinosternidae (mud turtles and musk turtles) Family Emydidae (pond turtles) Family Testudinidae (tortoises) Family Cheloniidae (sea turtles) Family Dermochelyidae (leatherback sea turtle) Family Trionychidae (softshells) Family
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Fauna of England


introduced snakes are aesculapian snake and dice snakes. Lizards found in England are slowworms, common lizards, sand lizards, European green lizards (introduced) and the common wall lizard (introduced from mainland Europe - found in the Isle of Wight.) Turtles found off the English coast are the leatherback sea turtle, green sea turtle, hawksbill, loggerhead sea turtle, Kemp's ridley and appear to be visiting English waters in increasingly larger numbers as the seas around Britain warm due to climate change. Terrapins found in England are the
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Bycatch


Gulf of Mexico and the US Atlantic annually The speed and length of the trawl method is significant because, “for a tow duration of less than 10 minutes, the mortality rate for sea turtles is less than one percent, whereas for tows greater than sixty minutes the mortality rate rapidly increases to fifty to one hundred percent” Sea turtles can sometimes escape from the trawls. In the Gulf of Mexico, the Kemp’s ridley turtles recorded most interactions, followed in order by loggerhead, green, and leatherback sea turtles. In
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Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge


The refuge seeks to conserve an undisturbed beach and dune ecosystem which will serve as a refuge for endangered and threatened plant, fish, and wildlife species, as well as a habitat for migratory birds. Some of the refuge's endangered species are the Alabama Beach Mouse which lives among the sand dunes and sea oats, and green, loggerhead, and Kemp's Ridley sea turtles, which nest along the beach. Approximately 400 species of birds have been identified on the refuge, usually during migratory seasons, ranging from ospreys and herons
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Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves


saki ("Chiropotes satanas"), cotton-top tamarin ("Saguinus oedipus") and giant otter ("Pteronura brasiliensis"). Endangered amphibians include Lesser Antilles robber frog ("Pristimantis urichi"). Endangered reptiles include green sea turtle ("Chelonia mydas"), hawksbill sea turtle ("Eretmochelys imbricata"), Miyata's scaly-eyed gecko ("Lepidoblepharis miyatai"), Kemp's ridley sea turtle ("Lepidochelys kempii") and Maranhão slider ("Trachemys adiutrix"). Endangered
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Marine life of the Canary Islands


sponge, jellyfish, anemone, crab, mollusc, sea urchin, starfish, sea cucumber, and coral. There are a total of 5 different species of marine turtle that are sighted periodically in the islands, the most common of these being the loggerhead turtle. The other four are the green, hawksbill, leatherback, and Kemp's ridley turtle. Currently, there are no signs that any of these species breed in the islands, and so those seen in the water are usually migrating. However, it is believed that
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Fibropapillomatosis


up to 50%-70% of some populations. Fibropapillomatosis is a benign tumour disease of marine turtles, predominantly in the green sea turtle, "Chelonia mydas", but it has also been reported in the loggerhead "Caretta caretta", olive ridley "Lepidochelys olivacea", Kemp’s ridley "Lepidochelys kempii", and leatherbacks "Dermochelys coriacea". This neoplastic disease causes proliferation of papillary cells (hyperplasia) and gives rise to excess fibrous connective tissue in both epidermal and dermal skin layers – or more specifically, proliferation of dermal
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Olive ridley sea turtle


's ridley ("L. kempii"). Also, many schools arrange trips for students to carry out the conservation project, especially in India. Several projects worldwide seek to preserve the olive ridley sea turtle population. For example, in Nuevo Vallarta, Mexico, when the turtles come to the beach to lay their eggs, some of them are relocated to a hatchery, where they have a much better chance to survive. If the eggs were left on the beach, they would face many threats such as getting washed away
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Leatherback Trust


tide line. The Leatherback Trust also supports other sea turtle conservation initiatives throughout Costa Rica and around the world. The Leatherback Trust currently supports conservation projects for the leatherback, green and olive ridley sea turtles in Costa Rica; leatherback and loggerhead sea turtles in South Africa; loggerhead sea turtles in Greece; and hawksbill sea turtles in the US Virgin Islands. Las Baulas National Marine Park was formed by a Presidential decree in 1991 and officially confirmed by law in 1995. Prior to the creation of the park almost 100% of all
18408134
Albuquerque Aquarium


sea turtles (loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, and hawksbill). Every day divers enter the tank to do daily chores like feeding and cleaning. A restaurant and a gift shop are also located in the building. The Albuquerque Aquarium currently runs a facility that focuses in the conservation of fishes found in the Rio Grande. The project includes the Rio Grande silvery minnow breeding program and the Socorro isopod. In January 2008, three blacktip shark pups were born at the Albuquerque Aquarium, making it the first birth of this species of
19713585
List of endangered species in North America


indigo snake) "Emydoidea blandingii" (blanding's turtle) "Eretmochelys imbricata" (hawksbill sea turtle) "Gambelia silus" (blunt-nosed leopard lizard) "Glyptemys insculpta" (wood turtle) "Gopherus agassizii" (desert tortoise) "Graptemys flavimaculata" (yellow-blotched map turtle) "Gopherus flavomarginatus" (Bolson tortoise) "Gopherus polyphemus" (gopher tortoise) "Graptemys oculifera" (ringed map turtle) "Heloderma suspectum" (Gila monster) "Lepidochelys kempii" (Kemp's ridley
10064796
Cayman Turtle Centre


still allowed entry to the areas around the turtle breeding and feeding tanks. In 2010 the facility changed its name from "Boatswain's Beach" to "Cayman Turtle Centre: Island Wildlife Encounter" and in 2012 it added a water slide feature to its fresh water lagoon. The Cayman Turtle Centre is the only facility of its kind in the world. It is also the only facility to have achieved the second generation of sea turtles bred in captivity. It was also the first facility to successfully breed the endangered Kemp's Ridley
10148259
Cheloniidae


shells. Their plastron, which is the bony plate making up the underside of a turtle or tortoise's shell, is comparably more reduced from other turtle species and is connected to the top part of the shell by ligaments without a hinge separating the pectoral and abdominal plates of the plastron. Sizes among the seven species of sea turtles range from 71-213cm; for example, the smallest turtle species in the family Cheloniidae, the Kemp's Ridley, only has a shell size of about 75 cm and a weight of
15339939
Fauna of Scotland


seagrass beds, and distinctive species like the tall sea pen, "Funiculina quadrangularis". It is estimated that the total number of Scottish marine species exceeds 40,000. This includes 250 species of fish, the most numerous inshore variety being saithe, and deeper water creatures such as the dogfish, porbeagle and blue shark, European eel, sea bass, Atlantic halibut and various rays. There are four species of sea turtle, the leatherback, loggerhead, Kemp's ridley and green turtle. Scottish waters contain around 2,500 crustacean species and
6312320
Sea turtle


-population level for some species recently. These new assessments have highlighted an unexpected mismatch between where conservation relevant science has been conducted on sea turtles, and where these is the greatest need for conservation. For example, as at August 2017, about 69% of studies using stable isotope analysis to understand the foraging distribution of sea turtles have been conducted in RMUs listed as 'Least Concern' by the IUCN. Additionally, all populations of sea turtles that occur in United States waters are listed as threatened or endangered by the US
13492598
Turtle


25 species of turtles most likely to become extinct, with a further 40 species at very high risk of becoming extinct. This list excludes sea turtles, however, both the leatherback and the Kemp's ridley would make the top 25 list. The report is due to be updated in four years time allowing to follow the evolution of the list. Between 48 and 54% of all 328 of their species considered threatened, turtles and tortoises are at a much higher risk of extinction than many other vertebrates. Of the 263 species
17055694
Sea turtle


's ridley sea turtle hatchlings along the Texas coast in recent years. The Philippines has had several initiatives dealing with the issue of sea turtle conservation. In 2007, the province of Batangas declared the catching and eating of sea turtles (locally referred to as Pawikans) illegal. However, the law seems to have had little effect as sea turtle eggs are still in demand in Batangan markets. In September 2007, several Chinese poachers were apprehended off the Turtle Islands in the country's southernmost province of Tawi-Tawi. The poachers
13492600
Vitex rotundifolia


Carolinas. These include the endangered loggerhead turtle ("Caretta caretta"), the endangered green turtle ("Chelonia mydas"), and the critically endangered Kemp's Ridley ("Lepidochelys kempii"). If scientific evidence is found to support claims that "V. rotundifolia" harms sea turtles, this threat would constitute a substantial environmental issue. Beach vitex emits large amounts of methyl chloride from its leaves. "V. rotundifolia" was one of the six highest emitting species of 33 possessing this characteristic. A total of 187
16745541
Kemp's ridley sea turtle


between northwest Atlantic waters and the Gulf of Mexico while growing into maturity. These turtles change color as they mature. As hatchlings, they are almost entirely a dark purple, but mature adults have a yellow-green or white plastron and a grey-green carapace. They reach sexual maturity at the age of 10-12. The nesting season for these turtles is April to August. They nest mostly on a 16-mile beach in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas and on Padre Island in the US state of Texas, and elsewhere
9670371
Sea Turtles 911


held a public sea turtle release event in which 7 sea turtles were released, in cooperation with Dr. Nicolas Pilcher, Co-Chair of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Marine Turtle Specialist Group. On May 31, 2011, Sea Turtles 911 volunteers were assisted by local police in the release of a fully rehabilitated green sea turtle back into the ocean following treatment for an injured flipper that was damaged by a fishing vessel propeller. On October 1, 2011, world-renowned turtle zoologist Dr. Peter Pritchard and
19471462
Ixtoc I oil spill


claims by asserting sovereign immunity as a state-run company. The oil slick surrounded Rancho Nuevo, in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas, which is one of the few nesting sites for Kemp's Ridley sea turtles. Thousands of baby sea turtles were airlifted to a clean portion of the Gulf of Mexico to help save the rare species. The oil that was lost during the blow-out polluted a considerable part of the offshore region in the Gulf of Mexico as well as much of the coastal zone, which consists primarily of
13659571
Bycatch


the main threats is commercial long-line fishing, because the albatrosses and other seabirds which readily feed on offal are attracted to the set bait, after which they become hooked on the lines and drown. An estimated 100,000 albatross per year are killed in this fashion. Unregulated pirate fisheries exacerbate the problem. Sea turtles, already critically endangered, have been killed in large numbers in shrimp trawl nets. Estimates indicate that thousands of Kemp's ridley, loggerhead, green and leatherback sea turtles are caught in shrimp trawl fisheries in the
5479894
Bycatch


the US Atlantic, the interactions were greatest for loggerheads, followed in order by Kemp’s ridley, leatherback, and green sea turtles. Bycatch is inevitable where there is fishing activities. The incidental catch is not limited to only fish species: dolphins, sea turtles, and seabirds are also victims of bycatch. Longlines, trawls and purse seine nets are driving factors in the endangerment of no fewer than fifteen shark species. Bycatch may also affect reproduction of populations as juveniles are also victims of bycatch. Bycatch happens most commonly with
5479896
Green sea turtle


commonly traded species along Java's south coast and are sold in the form of whole, stuffed animals or turtle oil, locally known as "minyak bulus" The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has repeatedly listed green sea turtles in its Red List under differing criteria. In 1982, they officially classified it as an endangered species. The 1986, 1988, 1990, 1994, and the landmark 1996 edition of the IUCN Red List, retained the listing. In 2001, Nicholas Mrosovsky filed a delisting petition
11645547
Green sea turtle


, claiming some green turtle populations were large, stable and in some cases, increasing. At the time, the species was listed under the strict EN A1abd criteria. The IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee ruled that visual counts of nesting females could not be considered "direct observation" and thus downgraded the species' status to EN A1bd—retaining the turtle's endangered status. In 2004, the IUCN reclassified "C. mydas" as endangered under the EN A2bd criteria, which essentially states the wild populations face a high risk of
11645548
Luba Crater Scientific Reserve


depend on enforcement of protection in the Gran Caldera de Luba reserve. Endangered green sea turtles lay their eggs in nests on the beaches. Other threatened turtle species that nest on the beaches are the hawksbill sea turtle, olive ridley sea turtle and leatherback sea turtle. The density of the primate populations in the crater, at 1.2 to 3.3 encounters per square kilometer, are among the highest in Africa. Five of the primate species are of global conservation concern: Preuss's monkey, red-eared guenon, black colobus, western
10946248
Wildlife of Cape Verde


which is critically endangered; the green sea turtle ("Chelonia mydas"), endangered; leatherback sea turtle ("Dermochelys coriacea") and olive ridley sea turtle ("Lepidochelys olivacea"). Hunting of sea turtles remains prevalent per an UNEP report, however turtle conservation measures began in 2008. Eighteen species of whales and dolphins have been recorded in the waters of the Cape Verde archipelago. The area is cited as one of two known breeding grounds for the humpback whale ("Megaptera novaeangliae") of the Northern
11532987
Gnaraloo Turtle Conservation Program


Shark Bay) and Exmouth. This is within the southern boundaries of the Ningaloo Coast marine area, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Western Australian coast is the site of a significant number of rookeries of loggerhead sea turtles ("Caretta caretta"), green sea turtles ("Chelonia mydas"), and hawksbill sea turtles ("Eretmochelys imbricata"), all of which are classified Vulnerable to Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of threatened species. The nesting sites are particularly numerous for loggerhead sea turtles, whose
12255691
Clearwater Marine Aquarium


CMA worked with a team of experts to create a prosthetic silicone and plastic tail for her. Winter's story brought international recognition to CMA and inspired two major films, "Dolphin Tale" and "Dolphin Tale 2", each of which was partially filmed at the aquarium. Clearwater Marine Aquarium currently is home to North American river otters, Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, green sea turtles, Kemp's ridley sea turtles, cownose rays, southern stingrays, nurse sharks, great white pelicans, and other fish, including gag, hogfish
13218994
Elizabeth A. Morton National Wildlife Refuge


freshwater marsh, shrub, grasslands, maritime oak forest, and red cedar. The refuge's diversity is critical to Long Island wildlife. The north/south orientation of the refuge's peninsula creates important habitat for shorebirds, raptors and songbirds as they navigate the coastline during migration. Habitats along the beach attract nesting piping plovers, roseate terns, least terns, common terns, and shorebirds. The waters surrounding the refuge are considered critical habitat for juvenile Kemp's ridley sea turtles and are occasionally used by loggerhead sea turtles. Waterfowl
20717615
Virginia Aquarium


the Norfolk canyon, a canyon roughly 70 miles off the coast of Virginia. This exhibit is home to Sandbar Shark, Nurse Shark and Sand Tiger Shark as well as fish such as Crevalle Jack, Grey triggerfish and Southern stingray among others. The Chesapeake Light Tower Aquarium replicates the underwater environment of up to about off the coast of Virginia, and is home to loggerhead, green sea turtle, and Kemp's ridley sea turtle along with many fish including Atlantic spadefish, a large Atlantic Goliath grouper, Atlantic tripletail, cobia,
3912197
Deepwater Horizon oil spill


National Wildlife Federation (NWF) reports that sea turtles, mostly endangered Kemp’s ridley sea turtles, have been stranding at a high rate. Before the spill there were an average of 100 strandings per year; since the spill the number has jumped to roughly 500. NWF senior scientist Doug Inkley notes that the marine death rates are unprecedented and occurring high in the food chain, strongly suggesting there is "something amiss with the Gulf ecosystem". In December 2013, the journal "Environmental Science & Technology" published a study
4804944
Green sea turtle


eliminating nesting beaches. The green sea turtle is a member of the tribe Chelonini. A 1993 study clarified the status of genus "Chelonia" with respect to the other marine turtles. The carnivorous "Eretmochelys" (hawksbill), "Caretta" (loggerhead) and "Lepidochelys" (Ridley) were assigned to the tribe Carettini. Herbivorous "Chelonia" warranted their status as a genus, while "Natator" (flatback) was further removed from the other genera than previously believed. The species was originally described by Linnaeus
11645494
St Croix East End Marine Park


. These two species were listed as Threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 2006. A wide variety of other stony corals and soft corals also constitute the reef structures within STXEEMP. Selected coral species in STXEEMP and their national/international status as of 2016: Turtles St. Croix is a significant nesting ground for Leatherback ("Dermochelys coriacea" IUCN Vulnerable), green ("Chelonia mydas" IUCN Endangered) and hawksbill ("Eretmochelys imbricata" IUCN Critically Endangered) sea turtles; Green and Hawksbill turtles also forage in the island
16349535
Gahirmatha Beach


http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/11534/0 Olive Ridley sea turtles feed on marine snails, smaller forms of fish, fish eggs, crustaceans, and jellyfish. The algal material is also used as food by the Ridleys. Ridleys generally crush and grind the food materials before intaking. The best feeding ground of sea turtles may not be the best nesting ground for them. The sea turtles migrate thousands of kilometers to meet both the ends. It has been observed that Olive Ridley sea turtles migrate from the coastal water of Sri Lanka in the Indian ocean to
2688942
Leatherback sea turtle


level of phthalates has been measured in their eggs' yolks. "D. coriacea" is listed on CITES Appendix I, which makes export/import of this species (including parts) illegal. The species is listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as VU (Vulnerable), and additionally with the following infraspecific taxa assessments: Conserving Pacific and Eastern Atlantic populations were included among the top-ten issues in turtle conservation in the first State of the World's Sea Turtles report published in 2006. The report noted significant
15340024
Olive ridley sea turtle


. Since Gahirmatha coast serves as the natal nesting beach for millions of turtles, it has immense importance on turtle conservation. Olive ridleys generally begin to aggregate near nesting beaches about two months before nesting season, although this may vary throughout their range. In the eastern Pacific, nesting occurs throughout the year, with peak nesting events ("arribadas") occurring between September and December. Nesting beaches can be characterized as relatively flat, midbeach zone, and free of debris. Beach fidelity is common, but not absolute. Nesting
1329318
Funafuti Conservation Area


). The IUCN Red List identifies only the green turtle as being found in Tuvalu. The green turtle is recognised as critically endangered. The Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) lists two additional turtle species as being found in Tuvalu: hawksbill sea turtle ("Eretmochelys Imbricate") and leatherback sea turtle ("Dermochelys coriacea"), with both species being recognised as critically endangered. The marine environment of the Kogatapu includes reef, lagoon, channel and ocean; and are home to many species of fish
2069887
Hawksbill sea turtle


turtles, such as "Dermochelys coriacea") right after they are laid. In 1982, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species first listed "E. imbricata" as Endangered. This endangered status continued through several reassessments in 1986, 1988, 1990, and 1994 until it was upgraded in status to "Critically Endangered" in 1996. Two petitions challenged its status as an endangered species prior to this, claiming the turtle (along with three other species) had several significant stable populations worldwide. These petitions were rejected based on
471977
Wildlife Protection Society of India


and Kachhapa (Newsletter on sea turtle conservation issues, in English). They have produced documentary films including: Bones of Contention (a short film documenting the crises faced by wild tigers in India as a result of poaching and the illegal trade in tiger parts.), Birds of the Indian Monsoon (a 45-minute film on the lives of Kepladeo Sanctuary’s birds), The Killing Fields: Orissa’s Appalling Turtle Crisis (a documentary on the mass slaughter of olive ridley sea turtles along the coast of Orissa) and “
5812860
Olive ridley sea turtle


, which are on the mouth of rivers Rushikulya and Devi. The spectacular site of mass congregation of olive ridley sea turtles for mating and nesting enthralls both the scientists and the nature lovers throughout the world. Olive ridley sea turtles migrate in huge numbers from the beginning of November, every year, for mating and nesting along the coast of Orissa. Gahirmatha coast has the annual nesting figure between 100,000 and 500,000 each year. A decline in the population of these turtles has occurred in the recent past due to mass mortality. The
1329316
Galápagos green turtle


due to their continuous migrations and aquatic habits; most information has been obtained through tagging experiments. The Galápagos green turtle, along with all other populations of green sea turtles, is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of threatened species. All populations are still suffering reductions in numbers despite the many conservation efforts being practiced. The specific name, "agassizii", is in honor of Swiss-American zoologist Louis Agassiz. Numbers of mature adult Galápagos green turtle are much lower than those of other green sea turtle populations;
8186798
Gahirmatha Beach


Devi. The spectacular site of the mass congregation of Olive Ridley sea turtles for mating and nesting enthralls both the scientists and the nature lovers throughout the world. An event that took place in April 2017 validates this phenomenon. In this month, it was reported by forest officials that at least 2 lakh baby Olive Ridley turtles have come out of their pits within a span of 24 hours. This news was received well by conservation societies and wildlife lovers. Events like these are expected to last at least a week at the Gahirmatha
2688937
Shell Beach, Guyana


Shell Beach, located on the Atlantic coast of Guyana in the Barima-Waini Region, near the Venezuelan border, is a nesting site for four of the eight sea turtle species - the Green, Hawksbill turtleill, Leatherback and the Olive Ridley. Shell Beach extends for approximately 145 km. Turtles used to be slaughtered for their meat and eggs but are now part of a non-governmental conservation program called the Guyana Marine Turtle Conservation Society (GMTCS), founded by Dr. Peter Pritchard and Romeo De Freitas. Shell Beach is
1171878
List of U.S. state reptiles


impacted. In keeping with the general issues of reptiles, some of the U.S. state reptiles are dwindling species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) maintains a system of ratings, going from Extinct to Least Concern. None of the U.S. state reptiles are in the most extreme categories of Extinct, Extinct in the Wild, or Critically Endangered. Two species are IUCN Endangered: the Alabama red-bellied turtle (Alabama) and the loggerhead sea turtle (South Carolina, also the state saltwater reptile of Florida)
1084103
Cultural depictions of turtles


sea turtle. Due to the turtle's status as a charismatic megafauna, it is a flagship animal for conservation efforts. Educating the public about turtles and conserving their habitats can positively affect other species living in the same habitats as turtles. Turtles are also used as marketing tools to give products the appearance of being environmentally friendly. One of the most famous rescued sea turtles was "Allie", a 250 lb (113 kg), 50-year-old female loggerhead sea turtle rescued by a local commercial fisherman at Alligator Point,
8966486
Olive ridley sea turtle


(i.e., 20 years). Olive ridley sea turtles are considered the most abundant, yet globally they have declined by more than 30% from historic levels. These turtles are considered endangered because of their few remaining nesting sites in the world. The eastern Pacific turtles have been found to range from Baja California, Mexico, to Chile. Pacific olive ridleys nest around Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua, and the northern Indian Ocean; the breeding colony in Mexico was listed as endangered in the US on July 28, 1978
1329309
Chagos Archipelago


the archipelago and the Sea Cow Island was named after the presences of the species. There are also donkeys roaming free on the island that were left behind when the Ilois were relocated. The remote islands make perfect undisturbed nursery sites for nests of green ("Chelonia mydas") and hawksbill ("Eretmochelys imbricata") turtles. The populations of both species in Chagos are of global significance given the critically endangered status of hawksbills and the endangered status of green turtles on the IUCN Red List. Chagos turtles were heavily exploited during
20034697