Russian Sky Airlines [SEP] airline hub
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Russian Sky Airlines


the leading cargo carriers in Russia. In May 2004 a change of shareholders of East Line Airlines took place. The Extraordinary Meeting of Shareholders of East Line Airlines, held on June 7, 2004, resolved to delegate the authority of a sole executive body to a Managing Organization — Russian Sky Aviation Group, and on October 21, 2004 East Line Airlines was renamed Russian Sky Airlines without any change of the legal entity. In 2005 the airline was acquired by VIM Airlines. As of August 2006 the Russian Sky Airlines fleet includes
4260089
America West Airlines


America West Airlines was a U.S. regional airline headquartered in Tempe, Arizona. Their main hub was at Sky Harbor Airport in Phoenix, Arizona, with a secondary hub at Las Vegas McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas, Nevada. The airline acquired U.S. Airways in 2005 but took on the name of U.S. Airways. America West served about 100 cities in the US, Canada, and Mexico; flights to Europe was on codeshare partners. In March 2005 the airline had 132 aircraft, with a single maintenance base at Phoenix Sky Harbor
2674231
Sky Express


CJSC Sky Express (), simply known as Sky Express and in Russian as Скай Экспресс, was a Russian low-cost airline. Its main base was Vnukovo International Airport, Moscow, Russia. Sky Express was the first airline to focus on being a low-cost domestic airline in Russia. It operated from January 2007 until October 2011. The airline was established in March 2006 by a consortium of investors which included KrasAir CEO Boris Abramovich, EBRD, Altima Partners and others, becoming Russia's first low-cost airline
4680629
Rossiya Airlines


Rossiya Airlines OJSC (), sometimes branded as "Rossiya—Russian Airlines" (), is a Russian airline headquartered in Saint Petersburg with its hub at Pulkovo Airport. It is based in Saint Petersburg, with additional hubs at Moscow Vnukovo International Airport, Rostov-on-Don Airport and Orenburg Tsentralny Airport. Rossiya is majority (75%) owned by Aeroflot. 24 June 1932 is considered to be the birthday of Pulkovo Airlines. It was on that day that its first facility, the Shosseynaya airfield was commissioned,
1246868
Big Sky Airlines


Big Sky Airlines was a U.S. commuter air carrier that operated from 1978 to 2008. Headquartered in Billings, Montana, United States. Big Sky was wholly owned by Big Sky Transportation Company, which in turn was a wholly owned subsidiary of MAIR Holdings. Big Sky operated scheduled commuter passenger services to ten cities and maintained a hub at Billings Logan International Airport in Billings, Montana, from which the airline flew more of its nonstop routes than it did from any other airport. The airline was a crucial air link within the state
19346333
Sky Angkor Airlines


Sky Angkor Airlines Inc. (), formerly Skywings Asia Airlines (, ) is an airline based in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Its main hub is at Siem Reap International Airport. Founded in 2010, Skywings Asia Airlines received its 'Approval of Foreign International Transportation Business'. The airline is a joint venture of Korean and Cambodian investors with focus on Korean travel market. On 13 June 2011, they had their inaugural flight on the route Siem Reap - Seoul-Incheon - Hanoi - Siem Reap using a McDonnell Douglas MD-83 aircraft
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Sky Srpska


Sky Srpska was a planned airline in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The airline was a public enterprise owned by the entity government and had its hub at the Banja Luka International Airport. The airline launched international services in July 2010 after signing a cooperation agreement with Adria Airways, selling seats for flights from Banja Luka to Ljubljana. The Republic of Srpska government delayed the launch of the airline on several occasions, but ultimately decided to end its support in 2012 due to the airlines lack of funds to lease an aircraft
18195714
Russian Sky Airlines


Russian Sky Airlines was an airline with its head office on the grounds of Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow, Russia. It operate scheduled and charter cargo services to Europe, the Middle East and the Far East. It also operate passenger services and VIP transport. Its main base was Domodedovo International Airport. In late 2014 the airline announce bankruptcy. License was revoked by Russian aviation authorities on 24.12.2014 The airline was established on November 27, 1995 as East Line Air, that later on February 8, 1996 was granted Certificate No 61
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Orenair


Orenburg Airlines or JSC Orenair () was a Russian airline with its head office on the property of Orenburg Tsentralny Airport in Orenburg. It operated domestic passenger services and inclusive tour charters, as well as aerial work and special flights. Its main base was Orenburg Tsentralny Airport and it had hubs at Domodedovo and Simferopol International Airport. The airline was formed from the Aeroflot Orenburg Division, which was established in 1932. In 1992 it began to operate under its present name. It was the first Russian domestic airline to introduce the hub
20104022
America West Express


America West Express was the name for America West Airlines commuter and regional flights operated by Mesa Air Group's Mesa Airlines under a code share agreement. Today Mesa Airlines operates for American Eagle. Mesa Airlines operated America West Express from hubs at Sky Harbor International Airport in Phoenix, Arizona, McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas, Nevada, and Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California to regional destinations. Chautauqua Airlines also operated America West Express regional jet service via a code sharing agreement in support of the America West hub in
484197
Denver International Airport


to be solely used by Continental Airlines for its Denver hub. However, due to its emergence from bankruptcy, as well as fierce competition from United Airlines, Continental chose to dismantle its hub immediately after the opening, and only operated a handful of gates on A, before eventually moving to Concourse B prior to its merger with United. Two airline lounges are located on the top floor of the central section of Concourse A: the shared American Airlines Admirals Club/British Airways Executive Club Lounge, and a Delta Air Lines Sky
18629798
Roswell International Air Center


service with major airlines to provide nonstop regional jet flights to a major hub. American Eagle, the feeder carrier for American Airlines responded and began service on Sep. 5, 2007 with two daily flights to Dallas/Ft. Worth on 50-seat Embraer 145s. The service did so well that a third flight was added only seven months later. Mesa Airlines then ended all of their Roswell service on the last day of 2007 which left no flights to Albuquerque. At the request of Roswell city officials, American Eagle began a westbound flight
14791219
Big Sky Airlines


the core of the company's business throughout its history, although the airline also expanded into a number of other geographic areas over the years. Most of the later expansions proved to be short-lived, however. In 1987, Big Sky was operating code sharing service as Northwest Airlink on behalf of Northwest Airlines from a hub in Billings with British Aerospace BAe Jetstream 31 propjets. The Jetstream turboprops were then replaced with Swearingen Metroliner propjets on the Northwest Airlink service. Big Sky took over Exec Express II d/b/a
19346335
KD Avia


Russian cities to destinations in Turkey, Egypt and Europe. The airline was investing into building a new modern passenger terminal in Khrabrovo airport which would be the main transit hub in a hub-and-spoke system of routes, which the airline was planning to introduce on 15 June 2007. In the first stage, up to 13 cities of the Russian Federation would be connected with 13–15 cities of Europe by transit flights via Kaliningrad. The concept of the airline is to connect Russia and other CIS countries with Europe. On 4
20104084
Southwest Airlines


, Southwest Airlines has scheduled flights to 101 destinations in 41 states, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. It operates crew bases at the following airports: Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago–Midway, Dallas–Love, Denver, Houston–Hobby, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Oakland, Orlando, and Phoenix–Sky Harbor. Southwest does not use the "hub and spoke" system of other major airlines, preferring the "point-to-point" system, combined with a "rolling hub
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Nordwind Airlines


Nordwind Airlines, LLC () is a Russian scheduled and charter airline. The company is headquartered in Moscow, and its main hub is at Sheremetyevo International Airport. Nordwind Airlines primarily operates service between airports in Russia and holiday destinations around the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean. Nordwind Airlines was founded in August 2008 by the Russian and Turkish branches of tour operator Pegas Touristik and initially operated 3 Boeing 757-200s. The number of passengers transported was as follows: On April 29, 2013, two surface-to-air
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Vnukovo Airlines


one of the biggest charter airlines in Russia in the 1990s and had nearby 100 destinations from various cities and countries. The airline was also the launch customer for the Tupolev Tu-204. In 1997, Siberia Airlines (now known as S7 Airlines) tried to buy the airline in order to make Moscow its next main hub, but was unsuccessful. After the 1998 Russian financial crisis, the airline was in danger of bankruptcy and Siberia Airlines suggested a merger, but was again rebuffed. In 1999 Siberia Airlines signed a letter of intent
13850198
Baikal International Airport


a flight of S7 Airlines to Beijing. On September 2017, the airport was sold by "Metropol" to "Novaport". Novaport allowed the airport to get the status of open sky, moreover, the airport will allow more ambitious plans, like construction of a new passenger terminal. Currently, due to unlimited status of open sky, international airlines such as Air China, China Eastern Airlines, Lucky Air, MIAT Mongolian Airlines and Spring Airlines are interested in starting flights to Ulan Ude. Moreover, Russian flag carrier Aeroflot
8699663
S7 Airlines


run Siberia Airlines was created based on the squadron in 1992 and later privatized in 1994. The same year Siberia was assigned an IATA airline code. In 1997, Siberia Airlines tried to buy Vnukovo Airlines, to make Moscow its next main hub, but this didn't eventuate. After the 1998 Russian financial crisis, Vnukovo Airlines was heading towards bankruptcy, and Siberia Airlines advised it to merge, but Vnukovo refused. In 1999, Siberia Airlines signed a document to take over Vnukovo Airlines, in the event Vnukovo ceased operations due
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Tatarstan Airlines


Tatarstan Airlines (; ) was the regional airline of the Republic of Tatarstan, part of the Russian Federation. It was based at Kazan Airport in Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia and operated from 1999 until 2013. Tatarstan Airlines was founded in 1993 and started flights in 1999. It operated scheduled flights to destinations in Russia and abroad including seasonal charter flights to holiday destinations. In 2012 Tatarstan Airlines announced that it would work with Turkish Airlines to make Kazan airport a federal hub. In November 2013 the crash of Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 claimed
12794180
Dobrolet (low-cost airline)


Dobrolet LLC () was a Russian low-cost airline - a subsidiary of Aeroflot - based at Sheremetyevo International Airport. It operated scheduled flights to domestic destinations. The operation of low-cost airlines in Russia to date has not been met with success. Sky Express was the first attempt at a Russian low-cost airline and began operations in 2007; it ceased operations in October 2011 after experiencing financial difficulties with all aircraft and flights being transferred to Kuban Airlines. Avianova, founded in 2009 and the fastest growing low-
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Aeroflot


PJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines (, ), commonly known as Aeroflot ( or ) (, English translation: "air fleet", ), is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Russian Federation. The air carrier is an open joint stock company that operates domestic and international passenger and services, mainly from its airline hub at Sheremetyevo International Airport. Aeroflot is one of the oldest airlines in the world, tracing its history back to 1923. During the Soviet era, Aeroflot was the Soviet national airline and the largest airline in
7095098
North Central Airlines


. Saddled with debt from two acquisitions and new aircraft, the airline struggled in the early 1980s, and even introduced a human mascot version of Herman the Duck. Republic kept North Central's hubs at Minneapolis and Detroit, and Southern's hub at Memphis. Within a few years they closed the former Hughes Airwest hub at Sky Harbor at Phoenix and also largely dismantled the Hughes Airwest route network in the western U.S.; reduced North Central's sizeable station at O'Hare at Chicago; and reduced Southern's sizeable station at Hartsfield at Atlanta
21926250
Flagstaff Pulliam Airport


to serve Flagstaff via US Airways Express with flights to Phoenix. US Airways was subsequently merged into American Airlines. SkyWest Airlines operating as American Eagle via a code sharing agreement with American Airlines currently operates scheduled passenger flights serving the airport with Canadair CRJ-700 regional jets to the American Airlines hub at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport and Dallas Fort Worth International Airport. This regional jet service marks the first time that all flights serving Flagstaff have been operated with jet aircraft. Trans States Airlines operating as United Express via a code sharing agreement with United
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Airline hub


airline. However, as an airline expands operations at its primary hub to the point that it experiences capacity limitations, it may elect to open secondary hubs. Examples of such hubs are Turkish Airlines' Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen hub, British Airways' hub at London-Gatwick, Air India's hub at Mumbai and Lufthansa's hub at Munich. By operating multiple hubs, airlines can expand their geographic reach. They can also better serve spoke–spoke markets, providing more itineraries with connections at different hubs. A given hub
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VIM Airlines


Russian Sky Airlines in 2005. On 28 September 2017, CEO Alexander Cochnev and Chief Accountant Yekaterina Panteleyeva were arrested after an embezzlement case against the employers of the company. In late September 2017 VIM Airlines' aircraft were seized at foreign airports and several routes were cancelled, including all operations from its home base Moscow-Domodedovo. The airline's aircraft were seized by lessors in Turkey following ongoing investigations by the Russian authorities. The airline suspended all charter operations in September 2017 and suspended all scheduled operations on 15 October 2017. On
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US Airways livery


the title Star Alliance painted prominently on the airplane. With US Airways' departure from Star Alliance, all of these aircraft were repainted into the new American Airlines livery. After the 2005 merger of US Airways and America West Airlines, a light grey livery was chosen to better meet operational needs due to the summer heat at the Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport and Las Vegas McCarran International Airport hubs inherited from America West. The livery incorporates colors from the four airlines that became US Airways: The logos of these four airlines are painted
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Airline hub


Airline hubs or hub airports are used by one or more airlines to concentrate passenger traffic and flight operations at a given airport. They serve as transfer (or stop-over) points to get passengers to their final destination. It is part of the hub-and-spoke system. An airline operates flights from several non-hub (spoke) cities to the hub airport, and passengers traveling between spoke cities need to connect through the hub. This paradigm creates economies of scale that allow an airline to serve (via
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Transport hub


airports function as intra-modular hubs for the airlines, or airline hubs. This is a common strategy among network airlines who fly only from limited number of airports and usually will make their customers change planes at one of their hubs if they want to get between two cities the airline doesn't fly directly between. Airlines have extended the hub-and-spoke model in various ways. One method is to create additional hubs on a regional basis, and to create major routes between the hubs. This reduces the need to
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Metrojet (Russian airline)


Kogalymavia (), DBA Metrojet , was a Russian airline based in Kogalym, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Its home base was at Kogalym International Airport, with the main hub at Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow. It suspended all operations in December 2015. Kogalymavia started operations in May 1993. After 2005, the airline operated mostly international charter services to leisure destinations, under the brand name "Kolavia". In May 2012, Kogalymavia changed its marketing branding from "Kolavia" to "Metrojet", as part of its
4353502
Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport


movements, serving 124,799 operations. Its location in Chile's most populated area, as well as in the central part of the country makes of it an ideal main hub and maintenance center for most local airlines such as LATAM and Sky Airline. LATAM Airlines accounts for approximately 82% of the airport's total commercial operations. The airport is owned by the Chilean government and has been operated since October 2015 by "Nuevo Pudahuel", a consortium of companies formed by Aéroports de Paris (France), Vinci (France) and
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Durango, Colorado


Airport (IATA code: DRO) is serviced year-round by regional carriers SkyWest Airlines (United Express), Republic Airways (United Express), Expressjet Airlines (United Express), SkyWest Airlines (US Airways Express), and American Eagle (Envoy Air). As of 2014, regional connecting hubs to DRO include Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW), Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX), and Denver International Airport (DEN). Durango Transit provides several loop bus routes that serve the community
17746618
Saratov Airlines


this is due to the air crash that occurred in February, by taking the idea from S7 Airlines and Nordavia, that re-branded after air crashes in 2006 and 2009, respectively; some experts say that it is because the airline now flies from hubs other than Saratov, such as Moscow-Domodedovo and Krasnoyarsk-Yemelyanovo. However, the envisioned rebranding never took place. On 17 May 2018, the Russian aviation authority ordered the airline to stop selling tickets by the end of May. Initially, the company stated that it
4902915
Boeing 737 Classic


25% increase in fuel efficiency over the older -200s P&W engines. The 737-500 was launched in 1987, by Southwest Airlines, with an order for 20 aircraft, and flew for the first time on June 30, 1989. A single prototype flew 375 hours for the certification process, and on February 28, 1990 Southwest Airlines received the first delivery. The 737-500 has become a favorite of some Russian airlines, with Nordavia, Rossiya Airlines, S7 Airlines, Sky Express, Transaero, UTair, and Yamal
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Sky Angkor Airlines


, later adding their first Airbus A320 in July of the same year. On 30 November 2014, Skywings Asia Airlines formally ceased operations and rebranded as Sky Angkor Airlines. Since rebranding the airline now flies many scheduled and charter flights to and from Cambodia to countries including China, Japan, South Korea and Vientnam. Sky Angkor Airlines serves the following destinations: As of July 2019, the Sky Angkor Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft: Sky Angkor Airlines, as well as Skywings Asia Airlines, has previously operated the following aircraft
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Aero Majestic Airways


Aero Majestic Airways, Inc. operating as Aero Majestic Airways is a passenger airline, air charter operator and aircraft maintenance provider with base of operations at Zamboanga International Airport. It is the only Mindanao-based commercial airline operating in the Philippines while most airlines in the Philippines operates from hubs in Luzon and the Visayas. On September 19, 2011, its inaugural flight took to the sky with the launch of its maiden flight from Zamboanga International Airport in Zamboanga City to Lumbia Airport in Cagayan de Oro City. On September 27, 2011
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Airport lounge


York City's La Guardia Airport, in 1939. Then AA president C. R. Smith conceived it as a promotional tool. Airlines operate airline lounges as a service to premium passengers, usually passengers flying first class and business class, with high level frequent flier status, and premium travel credit card memberships. Most major carriers have one or more lounges in their hubs and focus cities as well as in the major airports they serve. The major US airlines—American (Admirals Club), Delta (Delta Sky Club), and
5221367
Shirak Province


is considered an alternative hub for the Zvartnots International Airport in Yerevan. At the beginning of 2017, the government of Armenia focused on revitalizing the airport. Multiple new airlines began operating flights to the airport, including Taron Avia - a new Armenian airline based in Gyumri -, and Pobeda which is a Russian low-cost airline and a wholly owned subsidiary of Aeroflot. In order to attract more customers, the Ministry of Nature Protection made meteorological services free for all airlines flying to Gyumri, lowering ticket costs. The Gyumri Technology
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Ural Airlines


main hubs of Ural Airlines are Moscow-Domodedovo and Yekaterinburg. In plans of Ural Airlines is to increase its number of hubs, by developing hubs at Moscow-Sheremetyevo and Moscow-Zhukovsky. A million passengers per year was first achieved in 2006. Since then, the airline and its passenger numbers have both grown. In 2013, the airline transported 4.419 million passengers, the sixth most in Russia that year. Passengers transported from 2007-2016: Ural Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines: As of October 2018
21136712
Western Pacific Airlines


whereas Stapleton had once been a hub for airlines like the original Frontier Airlines (1950-1986) and Western Airlines. Effort was made to explore using a secondary airport as an airline's hub, taking Continental's place without incurring the high landing fees of Denver International Airport. Centennial Airport in Denver, Jeffco Airport in Broomfield and Colorado Springs Airport were considered, though Colorado Springs had been chosen as the hub for Western Pacific when the airline began. While Western Pacific's Colorado Springs hub had initially been successful and was beginning
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Sky Airline


a codeshare agreement with TACA's parent company, Colombia's Avianca for operations between Chile and Colombia. The airline is to transition to a low-cost carrier model during 2015 and 2016 to reduce costs. Sky Airline was named the Best Regional Airline in South America in the 2014, 2015 and 2016 Skytrax World Airline Awards. In addition, OAG (Official Airline Guide) declared Sky Airline as the most punctual airline of 2016. Maintenance services are supplied by AIRMAN, a sister maintenance company based in Santiago Airport. The Sky
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Russian Sky Airlines


by the civil aviation authorities of Russia. This Certificate had entitled the airline to operate all types of domestic civil aircraft. From January 3, 1996, East Line Air became a member of IATA. In 1997 the airline was renamed East Line Airlines, and a new Operator’s Certificate, retaining the same number, was approved on 4 September 1997, and subsequently renewed in compliance with the Federal Aviation Authorities regulations. East Line Airlines was a part of East Line group, which owns Domodedovo airport. They also were one of
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Sichuan Airlines


Sichuan Airlines Co., Ltd. Group became the major shareholder (40%). The other shareholders are China Southern Airlines (39%), China Eastern Airlines (10%), Air China Group (10%) and Chengdu Gingko Restaurant Co. (1%). Sichuan Airlines' corporate headquarters is located in its hub Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport in Chengdu, Sichuan and its secondary hubs are at Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport and Kunming Changshui International Airport. Sichuan Airlines owns Chengdu Airlines as its subsidiary, which also has its hub
20104171
Sky Express


. The first flight took off on 29 January 2007 from Moscow to Sochi. Only 20 days after the only other Russian low-cost airline, Avianova, ceased its operations, Sky Express also decided to stop all flights from 29 October 2011. Its fleet and brand name will be transferred to Kuban Airlines. In March 2011, Sky Express served the following destinations: Additionally, Sky Express operated charter flights on a seasonal basis to the following destinations during the summer of 2009 and 2010: The Sky Express fleet consisted of the
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Airline hub


the airline. Other airlines that use this system include UPS Airlines, TNT Airways, Cargolux and DHL Aviation, which operate their primary hubs at Louisville, Liège, Luxembourg and Leipzig respectively. Although the term "focus city" is used to mainly refer to an airport from which an airline operates limited point-to-point routes, its usage has loosely expanded to refer to a small-scale hub as well. For example, JetBlue's New York–JFK focus city runs like a hub, although in reality it
15530811
Airline hub


passengers. However, with the term's expanded usage, a focus city may also function as a small-scale or total hub. Allegiant Air, JetBlue and Southwest Airlines are examples of US-based airlines that consider some of their focus cities run like a hub. The hub-and-spoke system allows an airline to serve fewer routes, so fewer aircraft are needed. The system also increases passenger loads; a flight from a hub to a spoke carries not just passengers originating at the hub, but also passengers
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China Southwest Airlines


China Southwest Airlines (CSWA, ) was an airline with its head office on the property of Shuangliu Airport in Shuangliu County, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. On 28 October 2002, China Southwest Airlines was merged into Air China. China Southwest Airlines' main hub was at Chengdu Shuangliu, Sichuan Province and its secondary hub was in Chongqing. It was the only airline flying to Lhasa until 2002. Although most routes from its hubs Chengdu and Chongqing were domestic, it also flew to Bangkok, Chiangmai,
5332360
Research Triangle


, Paris and London. In 1996, American Airlines ceased its hub operations at RDU due to Pan Am and Eastern Airlines. Pan Am and Eastern were Miami's main tenants until 1991, when both carriers went bankrupt. Their hubs at MIA were taken over by United Airlines and American Airlines. This created a difficulty in competing with US Airways' hub in Charlotte and Delta Air Lines' hub in Atlanta, Georgia for passengers traveling between smaller cities in the North and South. Midway Airlines entered the market, starting service in
19271873
Virtual airline (hobby)


can see their accomplishments and an overall roster displays an individuals performance among others in the group. When a virtual airline grows to a point where managing their operations becomes difficult, the airline might subdivide into smaller groups, called a hub. The concept is similar to pilot bases in real-world airlines where pilots are grouped together at a major airport to start and end a series of flights, under the direction of a hub manager. Virtual airlines based on airlines that really exist commonly provide hubs associated with what would be expected
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PowerJet SaM146


the SaM146 is operated by several airlines: Interjet (Mexico), Aeroflot, Moskovia Airlines, Yakutia Airlines, Gazpromavia, Centre-South, UTair Aviation (Russia), Lao Central Airlines (Laos) and Sky Aviation (Indonesia). Powerjet has already delivered more than 100 SaM146 engines to Russian airframer SCAC for the SSJ100 program, and plans to raise the production rate towards a goal of building 100 engines in 2015. In 2018 due to SaM146 problems 2 companies scrapped SSJ100 from their fleet: RedWings and Jakutia. In
17212056
Denver International Airport


Frontier Airlines and United Airlines, and is a main operating base for Southwest Airlines. These three airlines' combined operations made up about 85% of the total passenger traffic at DIA . Denver has traditionally been home to one of the busier airports in the nation because of its location. Many airlines including United Airlines, Western Airlines, former Frontier Airlines and People Express were hubbed at the old Stapleton International Airport. At times, Stapleton was a hub for three or four airlines. The main reasons that justified the construction of the
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Airline hub


make connections en route to their final destination, which increases travel time. Additionally, airlines can come to monopolise their hubs (fortress hubs), allowing them to freely increase fares as passengers have no alternative. Airlines may operate banks of flights at their hubs, in which several flights arrive and depart within short periods of time. The banks may be known as "peaks" of activity at the hubs and the non-banks as "valleys". Banking allows for short connection times for passengers. However, an airline
15530808
Alaska Airlines


many flights linking small towns to major transportation hubs and carries more passengers between Alaska and the contiguous United States than any other airline. The airline operates its largest hub at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, and it also operates hubs in Anchorage, Los Angeles, Portland, San Francisco and focus cities at San Diego and San Jose. As of 2018, the airline employs over 21,000 people and been ranked by J. D. Power and Associates as having the highest customer satisfaction of the traditional airlines for eleven consecutive years. Through the airline
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Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport


Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport is the major international airport serving Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, China. Located about southwest of downtown Chengdu to the north of Shuangliu District, Shuangliu airport is an important aviation hub for Western China. Shuangliu Airport is one of the two core hubs for Air China, together with Beijing, as well as the main hub and headquarters for Sichuan Airlines and Chengdu Airlines. China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines, Lucky Air and Tibet Airlines also have bases at Shuangliu Airport. Chengdu
4209276
America West Express


Mesa Airlines to operate America West Airlines' regional and commuter services as America West Express. In the mid-1990s, with the opening of the America West Airlines hub at Port Columbus International Airport in Columbus, Ohio, America West Airlines used Chautauqua Airlines to provide Embraer ERJ-145 regional jet service to feed the hub. When the Columbus hub was shut down, the Chautauqua Airlines code share was discontinued, leaving Mesa as the sole operator of AW Express services. In 2003, America West greatly increased the size of their express operation by starting
484199
Mesa Air Group


two jets from a Phoenix hub to Des Moines and Spokane as America West Express. As Mesa acquired air carriers or expanded by creating new airlines, it grew in a seemingly haphazard manner. From 1989 through 1995, Mesa had grown from one airline with hubs in Albuquerque, Denver, and Phoenix to six separate airlines with hubs throughout the country, though it had as many as eight airlines prior to 1995. Rather than integrating each new acquisition and airline into one integrated company, Mesa continued operating each individual airline independently, with
9262120
Maluti Sky


Maluti Sky was an airline based at Moshoeshoe I International Airport in Maseru, the capital of Lesotho. It offered scheduled and charter flights. The airline was founded in 2009 as MGC Airlines, becoming the first privately owned airline in Lesotho. Maluti Sky began passenger flights to Johannesburg in March 2016; it was at that time the only airline based in the country since Lesotho Airways ceased operations in 1996. However, the airline terminated all flights in 2017 as a result of financial issues. Maluti Sky was founded in 2009 as MGC
10787863
AmericanConnection


AmericanConnection was an American flight connection service brand name for the spoke-hub of U.S. mainline carrier American Airlines, under which regional airline operator Chautauqua Airlines operated feeder flights for American Airlines at its Chicago hub. American Airlines also uses affiliated companies (corporations under common ownership) operating under the American Eagle brand to provide regional service to its other hubs in addition to the AmericanConnection service that was operated by Chautauqua Airlines. On April 6, 2010, American moved all existing AmericanConnection operations to Chicago-O'Hare as part of its restructuring plan
3687656
China Southern Airlines


Pearl Club members can earn and use mileage on partnered Sichuan Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, and China Airlines flights. Membership of Sky Pearl Club is divided into three tiers: Sky Pearl Gold Card (SkyTeam Elite Plus), Sky Pearl Silver Card (SkyTeam Elite) and Sky Pearl Member Card. In 2013, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) ordered China Southern Airlines to pay $11,600 in fines for violations of the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) during the airline's transport of monkeys to laboratories in the
10945935
San Diego International Airport


, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. San Diego is the largest metropolitan area in the United States that is not an airline hub or secondary hub; however, San Diego is a focus city for Alaska Airlines and Southwest Airlines. The top five carriers in San Diego during 2017 were Southwest Airlines (34.7%), American Airlines (12.6%), United Airlines (11.9%), Delta Air Lines (10.3%), and Alaska Airlines (8.7%). San Diego International is the busiest single runway airport
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Hawaiian Airlines


Hawaiian Airlines () is the flag carrier and the largest airline in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is the tenth-largest commercial airline in the US, and is based in Honolulu, Hawaii. The airline operates its main hub at Daniel K. Inouye International Airport on the island of Oʻahu and a secondary hub out of Kahului Airport on the island of Maui. Hawaiian Airlines operates flights to Asia, American Samoa, Australia, French Polynesia, Hawaii, New Zealand, and the United States mainland. Hawaiian Airlines is owned
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George Bush Intercontinental Airport


In 2017, the airport served 40,696,189 passengers, making it the 48th busiest airport in the world, and the 15th busiest airport in the United States. IAH covers 10,000 acres (40.5 km.) of land and has five runways. Houston Intercontinental is the second largest passenger hub for United Airlines. The airport also serves as a focus city for Spirit Airlines. Under operations as United Express, ExpressJet, Mesa Airlines, Republic Airline, and SkyWest Airlines operate hub operations from IAH. It served as a hub for Houston-
17336158
Sky Airline


Sky Airline, styled as SꓘY, is an airline based at Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile. It is the second largest airline in the country behind rival LATAM Airlines and the first airline to operate under a low-cost model in the country. It serves international routes to Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Uruguay. It also operates charter flights in Chile and South America. Sky Airline was controlled by its founder, Jürgen Paulmann (1930–2014), a German-Chilean businessman, brother of retail billionaire
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AirTran Airways


Airways headquarters in Orlando on January 28, 1998, while the ValuJet Atlanta hub remained the hub for the combined AirTran Airways/Airlines operation. In April 1998, AirTran Holdings transferred all of AirTran Airlines fleet and operations to AirTran Airways and the FAA certificate for AirTran Airlines was canceled, AirTran Airways now became the only airline operator for AirTran Holdings and AirTran Airlines became an inactive subsidiary of AirTran Holdings. In August 1999, AirTran Airlines was merged into AirTran Airways. AirTran Airways became the surviving airline and AirTran Airlines became the non
14923573
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport


Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport (formerly Shenzhen Huangtian Airport) is the airport serving the city of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. It is located on the east bank of the Pearl River near Huangtian and Fuyong villages in Bao'an District, and is northwest of the city center. It is a hub for Shenzhen Airlines and Shenzhen Donghai Airlines and for cargo airline SF Airlines, and a focus city for China Southern Airlines and Hainan Airlines. The airport also serves as an Asian-Pacific cargo hub for UPS Airlines. The airport is
6261029
Midway Airlines (1993–2003)


Ft. Worth and Denver. Due to competition and limited gate space, Midway moved to Durham, North Carolina, and set up a hub at Raleigh-Durham International Airport (RDU) in 1995. (Midway eventually moved its headquarters to Morrisville, North Carolina.) Midway's arrival at RDU coincided with the closure of an American Airlines hub, as they focused their assets in MIA after taking over the former Eastern Airlines hub. For several years Midway partnered with American Airlines and offered American Airlines AAdvantage miles in the RDU
21769979
Sheremetyevo International Airport


Moscow, in the city of Khimki, Moscow Oblast. In 2017, the airport handled 40.1 million passengers and 308,090 aircraft movements. During 2018, the airport reported a 14.3% increase in passengers for a total of 45.8 million. There was also a 15.9% increase in aircraft traffic year over year. Sheremetyevo serves as the main hub for Russian flag carrier Aeroflot and its branch Rossiya Airlines, Nordwind Airlines and its branch Pegas Fly, Royal Flight, and Ural Airlines. The airport was originally built as a military airfield called
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Regional airline


. Over time these regional aircraft grew in size as airline hubs expanded and competition dwindled among the major carriers. Below is a list of many of the regional brands that evolved when regional airlines were advertised to look like the major airlines. The following is a list of former regional marketing brands operated by lesser known airlines, serving airline hub regional routes on behalf of mainline, legacy, major, or large discount carriers in the United States: The following is a list of former marketing brands operated by smaller airlines, but using
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Sky Airlines


Sky Airlines, based in Düsseldorf, was launched in 2010. On 1 December 2012 it announced a suspension of services (due to the economic downturn) and returned two Boeing 737-800s to their lessors. The airline hoped to resume services in Spring 2013. On 4 June 2013, the airline filed for bankruptcy and ceased all flight operations with immediate effect. The airline also operated scheduled services to the following (as of December 2012) As of February 2013, the Sky Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft, which
14462654
Airline hub


is still deemed as a focus city. A fortress hub exists when an airline controls a significant majority of the market at one of its hubs. Competition is particularly difficult at fortress hubs. Examples include Delta hubs at Atlanta, Salt Lake City, Detroit, and Minneapolis–Saint Paul; American Airlines hubs at Charlotte, Dallas–Fort Worth, Washington-National, and Philadelphia; and United hubs at Denver, San Francisco, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, and Washington–Dulles. Flag carriers have historically enjoyed similar dominance
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Santiago


IATA: SCL) is Santiago's national and international airport and the principal hub of LATAM Airlines, Sky Airline, Aerocardal and JetSmart. The airport is located in the western commune of Pudahuel. The largest airport in Chile, it is ranked sixth in passenger traffic among Latin American airports, with 14,168,282 passengers served in 2012 – a 17% increase over 2011. It is located 15 km from the city centre. Santiago is also served by Eulogio Sánchez Airport (ICAO: SCTB), a small, privately owned general aviation
6485187
Texas


It ranks as the largest airline in the United States by number of passengers carried domestically per year and the largest airline in the world by number of passengers carried.Southwest Airlines, headquartered in Dallas, has its operations at Dallas Love Field. Texas's second-largest air facility is Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH). It served as the largest hub for the former Continental Airlines, which was based in Houston; it serves as the largest hub for United Airlines, the world's third-largest airline,
10498456
Conquest Airlines


Connect). The airline expanded throughout the Southeastern United States and in 1993 opened a hub in Birmingham, Alabama. From Birmingham, the company offered flights to Little Rock (AR), Mobile (AL), Atlanta (GA), Greenville (SC) and Charleston (SC). The airline connected both hubs with service via an Austin-Tyler-Little Rock-Birmingham route. In 1993 the airline had 16 aircraft and 300 employees. Afterwards the airline's business declined. During a point in which the airline
10851827
Airliner


airline hubs and major cities. A smaller, more common class of airliners is the narrow-body or single-aisle. These are generally used for short to medium-distance flights with fewer passengers than their wide-body counterparts. Regional airliners typically seat fewer than 100 passengers and may be powered by turbofans or turboprops. These airliners are the non-mainline counterparts to the larger aircraft operated by the major carriers, legacy carriers, and flag carriers, and are used to feed traffic into the large airline hubs. These
6119774
Big Sky Airlines


with the airline's bankruptcy in 2007. In July 2006, Big Sky announced that the airline would discontinue service to Great Falls, Montana; Kalispell, Montana; and Spokane, Washington. The airline also announced that one of their Beechcraft 1900D's would be leased to Chalk's International Airlines in Florida. On September 1, 2006, Big Sky discontinued service to Moses Lake, Washington. On December 21, 2006, a press release announced that Big Sky would become a Delta Connection carrier via a code share agreement with Delta
19346339
Continental Airlines


and Houston. Continental also began developing its Midwest hub at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport in 1986, just as United Airlines began to transfer its Cleveland hub operations to Washington Dulles International Airport in Fairfax County, Virginia. In October 1986, American Airlines senior vice president Thomas G. Plaskett became the president and CEO of Continental Airlines. On February 1, 1987, People Express, Frontier, New York Air, and several commuter carriers were merged into Continental Airlines to create the third-largest U.S. airline (and sixth largest airline in the
20960311
Vision Airlines


discontinued and Vision currently does not operate any scheduled passenger service as an independent airline. Vision Airlines began operating flights with three Boeing 737-400 jetliners for the new People Express Airlines ("PEOPLExpress") on June 30, 2014 from the start-up airline's hub at Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport (PHF). The original People Express Airlines operated a hub at Newark International Airport (EWR) from 1981 to 1987 before being merged into Continental Airlines. However, according to a USA Today news article dated September
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MAIR Holdings


2002, MAIR also acquired Big Sky Transportation, Co., operator of Big Sky Airlines. Mesaba Airlines, which operated as a Northwest Airlink regional airline, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on October 13, 2005, a result of downsizing occasioned by the earlier bankruptcy of Northwest Airlines. As part of the reorganization of both carriers, Northwest acquired Mesaba on April 24, 2007. This left Big Sky as MAIR's only remaining airline. Following a series of expansion attempts, Big Sky announced plans to cease operations in December 2007.
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LATAM Chile


LATAM Airlines, formerly LAN Airlines S.A. and Lan Chile, is an airline based in Santiago, Chile, and is one of the founders of LATAM Airlines Group, Latin America's largest airline holding company. The main hub is Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport (Santiago), with secondary hubs in El Dorado (Bogotá), Jorge Chávez (Lima), José Joaquín de Olmedo (Guayaquil), Jorge Newbery (Buenos Aires) and Mariscal Sucre (Quito) airports. LAN Airlines was the flag carrier of Chile until
21956178
Velvet Sky (airline)


Velvet Sky was a low cost airline based at the King Shaka International Airport near Durban, South Africa. The airline launched in March 2011. It ceased operations in February 2012 and was liquidated in May 2012. Velvet Sky Aviation was established in 2009 as a subsidiary of Macdonald Holdings. Flight operations began on 22 March 2011. It was the only airline based in Durban and claimed to be the first Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment compliant airline in South Africa. On 25 March 2011 technical problems with the airline's only aircraft
17892598
Airline hub


connection times are longer at a rolling hub. American Airlines was the first to depeak its hubs, trying to improve profitability following the September 11 attacks. It rebanked its hubs in 2015, however, feeling the gain in connecting passengers would outweigh the rise in costs. The hub-and-spoke system is also used by some cargo airlines. FedEx Express established its main hub in Memphis in 1973, prior to the deregulation of the air cargo industry in the United States. The system has created an efficient delivery system for
15530810
Alcazar (airline)


's hub at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport would become the main hub for flights to South America, while Austrian's hub at Vienna International Airport would become the main hub for flights to Eastern Europe. The airlines operated three different long-haul aircraft: SAS used Boeing 767s, Swissair McDonnell Douglas MD-11s, while KLM operated Boeing 747 aircraft. Other non-conformities between the airlines included SAS using Amadeus and KLM using Galileo as their computer reservations system. To resolve issues with the labour unions, the airlines decided to organize the company with
4721259
Transaero


Transaero (), officially "OJSC Transaero Airlines" () was a Russian airline. It operated scheduled and charter flights to over 150 domestic and international destinations. Its main hubs were Moscow-Vnukovo Airport and Saint Petersburg Airport with further bases throughout Russia. For much of its history the head office was at Domodedovo International Airport, and towards the end its head office was in Saint Petersburg. Transaero filed for bankruptcy on 1 October 2015, and announced that it would cease all operations by 15 December 2015. However, Russian
21097492
Canadian Airlines


in debt. Canadian Airlines announced that it would support this and recommend acceptance from its shareholders. Air Canada rejected the offer. On August 31, 1999, Air Canada adopted a poison pill aimed at thwarting any takeover bid. It was later (Sep 24, 1999) revealed by Kevin Benson that merger talks had occurred between Canadian Airlines and Air Canada in early 1999 with Air Canada abandoning the talks. On October 19, 1999, Air Canada, backed by Star Alliance partners Lufthansa Airlines, United Airlines and CIBC announced a
2689868
Conquest Airlines


. In the late 1980s the airline shifted its hub and operations to Austin. Rafael Rivas, who became the executive vice president of Conquest, said that the airline chose Austin as its hub since Dallas and Houston were not centrally located in Texas. Rivas added that by being located in Austin, the airline would avoid competition from regional airline carriers operating in Houston and the Dallas-Fort Worth areas. In addition the airline catered to passengers traveling within Texas instead of passengers planning to do inter-state travel. Rivas added that
10851823
Queen Beatrix International Airport


Aruba, which was for many years an international airline. Before Aruba's separation from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986 it was also one of three hubs for Air ALM as well as a home base for Tiara Air until 2016. Since 2013 the airport is home to Aruba Airlines, a local airliner. The airline has 3 Airbus A320 family aircraft and 2 Bombardier CRJ200. The main focus of Aruba Airlines is connecting the region through its hub. The airport helps much by providing US Border Pre-clearance and in return the airline
21415174
Chongqing


as an important aviation hub for south-western China. Jiangbei airport is a hub for China Southern Airlines, Chongqing Airlines, Sichuan Airlines, China Express Airlines, Shandong Airlines and Hainan Airlines's new China West Air. Chongqing also is a focus city of Air China, therefore it is very well connected with Star Alliance and Skyteam's international network. The airport currently has three parallel runways in operation. It serves domestic routes to most other Chinese cities, as well as international routes to Auckland, New York City, London
7792752
Transportation in Memphis, Tennessee


regional system. Memphis is served by Memphis International Airport, which handles more cargo than any other airport in the world . The airport is the international cargo hub for FedEx and became a passenger hub for Delta Air Lines after their merger with Northwest Airlines in 2008. Currently, only domestic flights are available for passengers. International flights are only available for cargo. Other passenger airlines providing service to the airport are Air Canada Jazz, AirTran Airways, American Airlines, Continental Airlines, SeaPort Airlines, United Airlines and US Airways. The
8792166
UPS Airlines


changed the aircraft from Pratt & Whitney JT8D to Rolls-Royce Tay turbofans. In 1991, to gain the ability to fly domestic cargo flights within Europe, UPS entered into a partnership with Danish airline Star Air (part of the Maersk conglomerate), leasing several 727 freighters to the airline (later replaced by 757 freighters). In the early 1990s, to add capacity to its network, UPS Airlines opened additional hubs, with primary hubs in Rockford, Illinois (Chicago) and Philadelphia; secondary hubs were opened in Dallas
4268947
Air Midwest


Omaha, and Manhattan, KS. By the end of 1985 the airline was operating five Saab 340's and 24 Metroliners. Although Air Midwest was unsuccessful in gaining a codeshare with Republic through the Scheduled Skyways merger, it was able to acquire codeshare agreements in 1985 with Eastern Airlines as Eastern Air Midwest Express at the Kansas City and Wichita hubs and later with Ozark Air Lines as Ozark Midwest at that carriers' St. Louis hub, and American Airlines as part of the American Eagle (airline brand) at their Nashville hub.
6195367
Ethiopian Airlines


aimed at developing Lusaka as an aviation hub for Southern Africa and fits with the airline's multiple hub strategy outlined in its 15-year Vision 2025 strategic plan. In February 2018, Ethiopian and its Togo based regional airline partner ASKY Airlines formed a strategic partnership with the Guinean government to establish startup carrier Guinea Airlines by June. This partnership is in line with the airline's 15-year Vision 2025 strategic plan to establish strategic partnerships with many African countries, enabling them to regain market share for travel. It is also in line with the recently
13840941
List of Vision Airlines destinations


, Vision Airlines was offering scheduled or charter flights to the following destinations. However, according to the airline’s website, Vision has now ceased all scheduled passenger services as an independent air carrier. All flights operating under the Vision Airlines brand were public charters for Travelspan. A number of these destinations were served on a scheduled basis from the former Vision Airlines hub located at the Northwest Florida Regional Airport (VPS) near Fort Walton Beach, FL and Destin, FL. This hub operation was shut down in 2012. The airline
19893562
Copa Holdings


Central and South America and the Caribbean through its Hub of the Americas at Tocumen International Airport in Panama City, Panama. In addition, Copa Airlines provides passengers with access to flights to more than 120 other international destinations through codeshare agreements with United Airlines and other airlines. Copa Airlines Colombia, provides domestic service to 12 cities in Colombia as well as international connectivity with Copa Airlines' Hub of the Americas through flights from Bogota, Cali, Medellin, Cartagena, Bucaramanga, Pereira and Barranquilla. Additionally, Copa Airlines Colombia has non
6479799
AirBridgeCargo


AirBridgeCargo Airlines, LLC (Russian: ООО Авиакомпания «ЭйрБриджКарго»), part of Volga-Dnepr Group, is the largest Russian cargo airline. It operates scheduled cargo services on routes between Russia, Asia, Europe and North America, covering more than 30 destinations worldwide. All flights connect to their hub at Moscow Sheremetyevo International Airport. The company entered the scheduled cargo market in April 2004 when the first AirBridgeCargo branded Boeing 747 made its inaugural commercial flight on route from Beijing to Luxembourg. This milestone for Volga-Dnepr Group
10060475
Krasnodar International Airport


the North Caucasian Civil Aviation Authority was restructured into OJSC Kuban Airlines, which comprised an air carrier and an airport. In 2006, OJSC Kuban Airlines was restructured through the spinoff of two of its entities, namely OJSC Krasnodar International Airport and OJSC Kuban Air Transport Territorial Agency. 20 December is the birthday of Krasnodar International Airport. In 2007, Russian Transportation Ministry included the airport in its list of 12 international hubs on the territory of the Russian Federation. Today, the airport is of strategic importance to Russia as its southern air
21751782
Vilnius Airport


Airlines and a base for Wizz Air. It used to be a main hub for Star1 Airlines until their end of operations in September 2010 and Aurela until Aurela had lost its flight license. It was the hub for Small Planet Airlines and Aviavilsa until both airlines folded. The airport was a secondary hub for airBaltic, Estonian Air and Skyways Express until they closed the bases in Vilnius. On 30 June 2013 Air Lituanica also began its flights from the Vilnius Airport and established its base there serving several European cities. However, by
4921259
Texas International Airlines


, for Texas International. Texas Air then acquired Continental Airlines in 1982 and merged Continental and Texas International on October 31, 1982 with TI assuming the former's name. The last Texas International aircraft were seen in 1983. Today's successor to Trans-Texas Airways and Texas International is United Airlines, which merged with Continental in 2010. The airline has a large hub at George Bush Intercontinental Airport, a former hub for Texas International. Dallas/Fort Worth Airport was a hub for Texas International before its merger with Continental.
9132984
America West Airlines


built up a second hub at Las Vegas. ( has timetable maps showing America West routes in 1983, 1984, and 1991.) Confident in its expansion, the increasingly dominant carrier at Phoenix Sky Harbor influenced the development of Terminal 4. America West requested that the construction include an auxiliary power facility and an underground cavity to accommodate a future rail station which the airport ultimately agreed to. America West was one of the first airlines to use extensive "cross-utilization", in which employees were trained in a variety of
2674235
Sky Georgia


Sky Georgia (Georgian: საერთაშორისო ავიაკომპანია „სქაი ჯორჯია“ - saertašoriso aviaqompania «sqai dzhordzhia») was an airline from Tbilisi, Georgia, operating out of Tbilisi International Airport. The airline was established in 1998 as "Air Bisec". In 2004, it was renamed "Georgian National Airlines". The current "Sky Georgia" brand was adopted in 2008, when the company was acquired by US-based Sky Investment Group. In October 2009, the airline ceased all scheduled flights and stated that it would concentrate on
18500696
Vanilla Sky Airlines


Vanilla Sky (also known as Service Air or AK-Air Georgia) is a privately owned airline headquartered in Tbilisi, Georgia and based at Natakhtari, that was founded in 2008. The airline is part of "Service Air" Company, subsidiary of Vanilla Sky International Tour Operator. Flights are subsidised by the state to increase mobility and tourism in Georgia with 5.3 million USD as the reported amount that the airline was offered by the Georgian Airport Union. As of April 2019, Vanilla Sky serves the following scheduled destinations with additional
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