Tristram's storm petrel [SEP] IUCN conservation status
[{"answer": "near-threatened"}]
Tristram's storm petrel


Tristram's storm petrel ("Oceanodroma tristrami") is a species of seabird in the storm petrel family Hydrobatidae. The species' common and scientific name is derived from the English clergyman Henry Baker Tristram; the species can also be known as the sooty storm petrel. Tristram's storm petrel has a distribution across the north Pacific Ocean, predominantly in tropical seas. This storm petrel has long, angular wings and is 24 cm long. Its plumage is all over dark with a slightly pale rump and a pale grey bar on
8337179
White-bellied storm petrel


inform these decisions are well-recognised. The IUCN Red List evaluates "Fregetta grallaria" as being of least concern based on range size, population trend, and population size criteria. In New Zealand, its conservation status is nationally endangered (2013). In Australia, the commonwealth status listing of "F. grallaria" is vulnerable. Nationally in Australia, the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act statutory listing status is vulnerable and requires a recovery plan (2009). Its nonstatutory listing under the NGO Action Plan for Australian Birds
8337166
Northern storm petrel


such as Swinhoe's storm petrel, which breeds in the west Pacific and migrates to the west Indian Ocean; or shorter ones, such as the black storm petrel, which nests in southern California and migrates down the coast of Central America as far south as Colombia. Some species, like Tristram's storm petrel, are thought to be essentially sedentary and do not undertake any migrations away from their breeding islands. Storm petrels nest colonially, for the most part on islands, although a few species breed on the mainland, particularly
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Tristram's storm petrel


the upper wing. The species is colonial, nesting in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, and in several small islands south of Japan, including the Bonin Islands and Izu. Colonies are attended at night, and the species breeds during the winter. At sea, the species is pelagic, feeding on squid and fish. Tristram's storm petrel is considered near threatened. All of its breeding colonies in Hawaii are protected areas, but the species has undergone declines in the past due to introduced rats on Torishima Island. The species is
8337180
Juan Fernández Islands


"Pterodroma longirostris" (IUCN status VU) and the Juan Fernandez Petrel "Pterodroma externa" (IUCN status VU). In addition, the Juan Fernandez Islands may still support a third breeding petrel species, De Filippi's Petrel "Pterodroma defilippiana" (IUCN status VU), whose only other known breeding grounds are on the Desventuradas Islands. The Magellanic penguin breeds on Robinson Crusoe Island within the archipelago. The endemic Juan-Fernandez spiny lobster (without claws) lives in the marine waters ("Jasus frontalis")
16432326
Northern storm petrel


their original colony after 2 or 3 years, but will not breed until at least 4 years old. Storm petrels have been recorded living as long as 30 years. Several species of storm petrel are threatened by human activities. The Guadalupe storm petrel has not been observed since 1906 and most authorities consider it extinct. One species (the ashy storm petrel) is listed as endangered by the IUCN due to a 42% decline over 20 years. For the ringed storm petrel, even the sites of their breeding colonies remain a
5642359
Henry Baker Tristram


' Union, and appointed a fellow of the Royal Society in 1868. Edward Bartlett, an English ornithologist and son of Abraham Dee Bartlett, accompanied Tristram to Palestine in 1863–1864. During his travels he accumulated an extensive collection of bird skins, which he sold to the World Museum Liverpool. Tristram's publications included A number of birds were named after him, including Tristram's starling (also called Tristram's grackle), Tristram's warbler, Tristram's woodpecker, Tristram's serin, and Tristram's storm-petrel. He
6698285
List of threatened birds of the United States


According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 77 bird species in the United States are threatened with extinction. The IUCN has classified each of these species into one of three conservation statuses: vulnerable , endangered , and critically endangered (v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014). Family Diomedeidae (albatrosses) Family Procellariidae (shearwaters) Family Hydrobatidae (storm petrels) Family Anatidae (ducks, geese, and swans) Family Cathartidae (New World vultures) Family Phasianidae (pheasants
15284569
Swinhoe's storm petrel


dipping and does not patter. Widespread throughout its large range, the Swinhoe's storm petrel was previously evaluated as least concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, but was uplisted to near threatened in 2012. The population is expected to undergo a moderately rapid decline over the next three generations, owing primarily to the impact of introduced species. On 8 July 1983, a bird was trapped on the Selvagens, Madeira and was confirmed to be the first record for the Atlantic Ocean. Since then a number of storm petrels
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New Zealand storm petrel


The New Zealand storm petrel ("Fregetta maoriana") is a small seabird of the family Oceanitidae. Thought to be extinct since 1850, a series of sightings from 2003 to the present indicates the presence of a previously unknown colony. it is ranked on the IUCN Red List as critically endangered. The New Zealand storm petrel is a small seabird, dark brown/black above, except for its white rump. The underparts are black from the throat to the breast, with a white belly that has black streaking, and
20327239
Pearl and Hermes Atoll


it provides food and nesting space for small songbirds, it poses a significant threat of entanglement to native seabirds, so removal is considered a priority for conservation purposes. The Pearl and Hermes Atoll is an important nesting area for many seabirds. Approximately 160,000 birds from 22 different species are known to live and breed on the Atoll. Tristram's storm petrels and black-footed albatrosses are among the most prominent. In 2001, it was reported that twenty percent of the world's population of black-footed albatrosses nested on Pearl and
15117638
Archipiélago de Juan Fernández National Park


Pterodroma externa" (IUCN status VU). In addition, the Juan Fernandez Islands may still support a third breeding petrel species, De Filippi's Petrel "Pterodroma defilippiana" (IUCN status VU), whose only other known breeding grounds are on the Desventuradas Islands. The Magellanic penguin breeds on Robinson Crusoe Island within the archipelago. The endemic Juan Fernandez spiny lobster (without claws) lives in the marine waters ("Jasus frontalis"). The Juan Fernández fur seal ("Arctocephalus philippii") also lives on the
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Northern storm petrel


within a single large family Hydrobatidae, but this has since been split with the elevation of the Oceanitidae to family status. The Oceanitinae, or austral storm petrels, were mostly found in southern waters (though Wilson's storm petrel regularly migrates into the Northern Hemisphere); the seven species were in five genera. The Hydrobatinae, or northern storm petrels, were the two genera "Hydrobates" and "Oceanodroma". They were largely restricted to the Northern Hemisphere, although a few visit or breed a short distance south of the
5642346
List of procellariiformes


This is a list of the families, species and sub-species belonging to the Procellariiformes order. Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Diomedeidae The albatrosses are a family of 21 species of large seabird found across the Southern and North Pacific Oceans. The largest are among the largest flying birds in the world. Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium nasal septum, and a long outer functional
13356228
Spectacled petrel


the past, they probably bred on Amsterdam Island as well. The species was classified as critically endangered by the IUCN in 2000. A subsequent study gave cautious hope for a continuing recovery of the population from an all-time low of merely some dozens of pairs in the 1930s. Indeed, it appears as if the species' numbers have been underestimated in more recent years as an accurate census is difficult due to the rugged terrain of its island home. Consequently, the conservation status of this species was downgraded to vulnerable in
19245733
European storm petrel


. Although usually silent at sea, the storm petrel has a chattering call given by both members of a pair in their courtship flight, and the male has a purring song given from the breeding chamber. The storm petrel cannot survive on islands where land mammals such as rats and cats have been introduced, and it suffers natural predation from gulls, skuas, owls, and falcons. Although the population may be declining slightly, this petrel is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being of least concern due
8627917
Ainley's storm petrel


, separating it from Townsend's storm petrel ("Oceanodroma socorroensis") which breeds on the same islands in the summer whereas "Oceanodroma cheimomnestes" breeds in the winter. The species name "cheimomnestes" means "winter suitor", in reference to the fact that this bird breeds in the winter. There is still disagreement among authorities as to whether it should be regarded as a separate species. It is recognised as such by Avibase, but not by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Ainley's storm petrel is
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List of least concern birds


As of May 2019, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 8405 least concern avian species. 76% of all evaluated avian species are listed as least concern. No subpopulations of birds have been evaluated by the IUCN. This is a complete list of least concern avian species evaluated by the IUCN. Where possible common names for taxa are given while links point to the scientific name used by the IUCN. Procellariiformes includes petrels and albatrosses. There are 54 species in the order Procellariiformes assessed as least concern.
1904854
Archipiélago de Juan Fernández National Park


and endangered hummingbird, the Juan Fernández firecrown ("Sephanoides fernandensis"). This large hummingbird, about long, is thought to number only about 500 individuals. The other endemic bird species are the Juan Fernández tit-tyrant ("Anairetes fernandezianus") of Robinson Crusoe Island, and the Masafuera rayadito ("Aphrastura masafuerae") of Alejandro Selkirk Island. The islands support the entire known breeding populations of two petrel species, Stejneger's Petrel "Pterodroma longirostris" (IUCN status VU) and the Juan Fernandez Petrel "
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Spectacled petrel


the 2007 IUCN Red List. The 2009 assessment maintained their status at vulnerable. This petrel has an occurrence range of and a population estimated at between 31,000 and 45,000. Their population is trending up at between 1% and 9% over 60 years, and possibly 45% over the last five years. The spectacled petrel is threatened by interactions with longline fisheries which kills hundreds of birds every year as they become entangled in the fishing lines and drown. Other threats comes from feral pigs, the black rat and other rat species
19245734
Bermuda petrel


and it is projected that the population will double every 22 years, there are still clearcut inhibitors on its path to recovery. The petrel's vulnerability has drastically increased due to substantial damage to its habitats and nesting sites by tropical storms and climate change. The predicted future increase of category 4 and 5 tropical storms pose an imminent threat to the petrels' long-term survivability. Tropical storms also aid the long-term effect of erosion of their surrounding habitat which hamper conservation efforts. As a solution, there is research going
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Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada


in Canada) and 15 wildlife species that are Extinct (X). The other category is not at risk (NAR). COSEWIC provides online updated status reports on designated species. COSEWIC bases its quantitative criteria for species' status assessment on the revised IUCN Red List, the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. COSEWIC provides International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's main authority on the conservation status of species, with a Regional Red List. IUCN.
2828846
List of vulnerable birds


" indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed." This is a complete list of vulnerable avian species evaluated by the IUCN. Where possible common names for taxa are given while links point to the scientific name used by the IUCN. Procellariiformes includes petrels and albatrosses. There are 30 species in the order Procellariiformes assessed as vulnerable. There are
1905707
Nobby Islet


life observed in 1996 was an Osprey nest located on the islet's northern side, white-faced storm petrels which were nesting in shallow burrows located over the entire summit and two species of lizard - the marbled gecko and the bull skink. Nobby Islet originally obtained protected area status as a fauna reserve under the former "Fauna Conservation Act 1964" and then as a fauna conservation reserve declared under the "Crown Lands Act 1929-1966" on 16 March 1967. Since 1971, the waters surrounding the islet have been part
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Black petrel


underway (see reports – Bell et al. 2009, Bell et al. In press). The black petrel is classified under DOC Threat Classification System as Nationally Vulnerable (Miskelly et al. 2008) and by the International Union for Conservation of Nature or IUCN Red list: Vulnerable. Land-based population research at their breeding colonies since 1995 indicates the species is declining at a rate of at least 1.4% per year (Bell et al. In press A). At current survival rates, a fledged bird has
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Band-rumped storm petrel


The band-rumped storm petrel, Madeiran storm petrel, or Harcourt's storm petrel ("Oceanodroma castro") is of the storm petrel family Hydrobatidae. The band-rumped storm petrel is 19–21 cm in length with a 43–46 cm wingspan, and weighs 44–49 g. It is mainly brownish black with an extensive white rump. Similar to Leach's storm petrel with the forked tail, long wings, but Leach's has a more deeply forked tail, a differently shaped (V-shaped or triangular) white rump, and
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Austral storm petrel


Several species of austral storm petrel are threatened by human activities. One species, the New Zealand storm petrel, was presumed extinct until rediscovered in 2003. The principal threats to storm petrels are introduced species, particularly mammals, in their breeding colonies; many storm petrels habitually nest on isolated mammal-free islands and are unable to cope with predators such as rats and feral cats. Two subfamilies of storm petrel were traditionally recognized. The Oceanitinae, or austral storm-petrels, were mostly found in southern waters (though Wilson's
17288962
French Frigate Shoals


, wedge-tailed shearwater, Christmas shearwater, Tristram's storm-petrel, red-tailed tropicbird, masked booby, red-footed booby, brown booby, great frigatebird, spectacled tern, sooty tern, blue-gray noddy, brown noddy, black noddy and white tern nest on the islands, most of them (16) on Tern Island. Two species, the blue-gray noddy and the brown booby, nest only on La Perouse Pinnacle. The island also is the wintering ground for several species of shorebird
11544719
International Union for Conservation of Nature


Unlike other environmental organisations, IUCN does not itself aim to directly mobilize the general public. Education has been part of IUCN's work program since the early days but the focus is on stakeholder involvement and strategic communication rather than mass-campaigns. IUCN runs field projects for habitat and species conservation around the world. It produces the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems which in a similar way measures risks to ecosystems. The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is a global standard to assess the conservation status
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European storm petrel


storm petrel, do not look as if they are walking on the water. Birds sometimes settle on the sea. Like other petrels, the European storm petrel cannot walk properly on land, but shuffles on its tarsi; once there is enough room, the bird flaps its wings to support itself on its toes. The European storm petrel can be distinguished from related Western Palaearctic species by the white bar on its under wing and its distinctive fluttering flight. Compared to Leach's storm petrel, band-rumped storm petrel,
8627926
Northern storm petrel


sites is intense in colonies where storm petrels compete with other burrowing petrels, with shearwaters having been recorded killing storm petrels to occupy their burrows. Colonies can be extremely large and dense, with densities as high as 8 pairs/m for band-rumped storm petrels in the Galapagos and colonies 3.6 million strong for Leach's storm petrel have been recorded. Storm petrels are monogamous and form long-term pair bonds that last a number of years. Studies of paternity using DNA fingerprinting have shown that, unlike many other monogamous birds
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Fork-tailed storm petrel


The fork-tailed storm petrel ("Oceanodroma furcata" or "Hydrobates furcatus") is a small seabird of the storm petrel family Hydrobatidae. It is the second-most abundant and widespread storm petrel (after Leach's storm petrel) and is the only bird in its family that is bluish-grey in colour. The fork-tailed storm petrel is pelagic, spending up to 8 months in the northern Pacific Ocean. They only return to land to breed, where they nest in a single colony. Their nests
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Monteiro's storm petrel


Monteiro's storm petrel ("Oceanodroma monteiroi") is a seabird species from the storm petrel family, Hydrobatidae. The cryptic species was once considered to be conspecific with the band-rumped storm petrel. The species is apparently endemic to the Azores. The existence of a separate species was first hinted at by the discovery of two distinct breeding seasons of "Oceanodroma" storm-petrels in the Azores. Both populations were initially thought to be of band-rumped storm petrels; however, one population breeds during the cool season
18836916
Mouro Island


habitat for seabirds, particularly European storm petrels and herring gulls. In 2014, Spain's Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment declared Mouro Island to be a Special Protection Area (SPA) to ensure the conservation of the birds that inhabit this area. It was estimated that fewer than 150 of the storm petrel lived in the area. It is illegal to bring cats, rats and other mammals onto the island. A smaller islet to the northwest, Islote la Corbera, is also part of the protected area. An annual
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Austral storm petrel


to the northern storm-petrel in the Northern Hemisphere. Several species of storm petrels undertake migrations after the breeding season. The most widely travelled migrant is Wilson's storm petrel, which after breeding in Antarctica and the subantarctic islands, regularly crosses the equator to the waters of the north Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Some species, such as the grey-backed storm petrel, are thought to be essentially sedentary and do not undertake any migrations away from their breeding islands. Storm petrels nest colonially, for the most part on islands
17288970
Conservation biology


they sustain. Aldo Leopold was a classical thinker and writer on such conservation ethics whose philosophy, ethics and writings are still valued and revisited by modern conservation biologists. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has organized a global assortment of scientists and research stations across the planet to monitor the changing state of nature in an effort to tackle the extinction crisis. The IUCN provides annual updates on the status of species conservation through its Red List. The IUCN Red List serves as an international conservation tool to identify those
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Monteiro's storm petrel


breeding sites; this is in contrast to the band-rumped storm petrel, which disperses to the West Atlantic. The diet of Monteiro's storm-petrel is unknown, but analyses of stable isotopes in the feathers suggest that it differs from that of the band-rumped storm petrel as well. Monteiro's storm-petrels feed at the sea surface, but they can also forage underwater by performing shallow dives (85 cm on average). The species has a low reproductive output due to competition with other burrowing petrels,
18836919
Conservation status


use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the best known worldwide conservation status listing and ranking system. Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation. Also included are species that have gone extinct since 500 CE. When discussing the IUCN Red List, the official term "threatened" is a grouping of three categories: critically endangered, endangered, and vulnerable. The Convention on
12047334
Ashy storm petrel


naturalist. The world population is estimated to be around 10,000 birds, 8,000 of them breeders, the Farallon population having declined by one third between 1972 and 1992. The ashy storm petrel is designated as a species of conservation concern in California. It is threatened by western gull and burrowing owl predation, illumination from fishing boats, introduced predators such as rats and feral cats, and pollution. Most of the islands that it breeds on are covered by some degree of protection. Global warming and climate change could have a profound impact
8196210
Austral storm petrel


Austral storm petrels, or southern storm petrels, are seabirds in the family Oceanitidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Austral storm petrels have a cosmopolitan distribution, being found in all oceans, although only Wilson's storm petrels are found in the Northern Hemisphere. They are almost all strictly pelagic, coming to land only when breeding. In the case of most petrel species
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Austral storm petrel


, although a few species breed on the mainland, particularly Antarctica. Nesting sites are attended at night to avoid predators. Storm petrels display high levels of philopatry, returning to their natal colonies to breed. In one instance, a band-rumped storm petrel was caught as an adult 2 m from its natal burrow. Storm petrels nest either in burrows dug into soil or sand, or in small crevices in rocks and scree. Competition for nesting sites is intense in colonies where storm petrels compete with other burrowing petrels, with
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European storm petrel


The European storm petrel, British storm petrel, or just storm petrel ("Hydrobates pelagicus") is a seabird in the northern storm petrel family, Hydrobatidae. It is the only member of the genus "Hydrobates". The small, square-tailed bird is entirely black except for a broad, white rump and a white band on the under wings, and it has a fluttering, bat-like flight. The large majority of the population breeds on islands off the coasts of Europe, with the greatest numbers in
8627914
Elliot's storm petrel


The Elliot's storm petrel ("Oceanites gracilis") is a species of seabird in the storm petrel family Hydrobatidae. The species is also known as the white-vented storm petrel. There are two subspecies, "O. g. gracilis", which is found in the Humboldt Current off Peru and Chile, and "O. g. galapagoensis", which is found in the waters around the Galapagos Islands. It is a sooty-black storm petrel with a white rump and a white band crossing the lower belly and extending up
8337175
Gough Island


1,750,000 pairs), Kerguelen petrels (20,000 pairs), soft-plumaged petrels (400,000 pairs), Atlantic petrels (900,000 pairs), great-winged petrels (5000 pairs), grey petrels (10,000 pairs), great shearwaters (100,000 pairs), little shearwaters (10,000 pairs), grey-backed storm petrels (10,000 pairs), white-faced storm petrels (10,000 pairs), white-bellied storm petrels (10,000 pairs), Antarctic terns (500 pairs), southern skuas (500 pairs)
11062245
Guadalupe storm petrel


The Guadalupe storm petrel ("Oceanodroma macrodactyla") is a small seabird of the storm petrel family Hydrobatidae. It is apparently extinct. This species was almost indistinguishable from its relative, Leach's storm petrel. In the field, they could not be told apart except by their annual rhythm. In the hand, the Guadalupe storm petrel could be distinguished by slightly larger size and the paler underwing coverts. It bred only on Guadalupe Island off Baja California, Mexico, and presumably ranged throughout the region. The breeding season was
14178257
Ashy storm petrel


The ashy storm petrel ("Oceanodroma homochroa") is a small, scarce seabird of the storm petrel family Hydrobatidae. It breeds colonially on islands off the coasts of California and Mexico, and is one of six species of storm petrel that live and feed in the rich California Current system. The ashy storm petrel was first described by American ornithologist Elliott Coues in 1864. Both its common and scientific name, "homochroa", "uniformly colored", from Ancient Greek (h)omoia ("όμοια"), "alike
8196204
Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra


Pachyptila belcheri"), fairy prion ("Pachyptila turtur"), Antarctic tern ("Sterna vittata"), Cape petrel ("Daption capense"), black-bellied storm petrel ("Fregetta tropica"), grey-backed storm petrel ("Garrodia nereis"), blue petrel ("Halobaena caerulea"), Wilson’s storm-petrel ("Oceanites oceanicus"), common diving petrel ("Pelecanoides urinatrix"), South Georgian diving-petrel ("Pelecanoides georgicus"), great
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White-faced storm petrel


The white-faced storm petrel ("Pelagodroma marina"), also known as white-faced petrel is a small seabird of the austral storm petrel family Oceanitidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Pelagodroma. The white-faced storm petrel is in length with a wingspan. It has a pale brown to grey back, rump and wings with black flight feathers. It is white below, unlike other north Atlantic petrels, and has a white face with a black eye mask like a phalarope. Its plumage
13307096
Nepenthes bicalcarata


level. The conservation status of "N. bicalcarata" is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species based on an assessment carried out in 2000. In 1997, Charles Clarke informally classified the species as Near Threatened based on the IUCN criteria. This agrees with the conservation status assigned to "N. bicalcarata" by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. The two thorns that give "N. bicalcarata" its name are unique to this species and bear some of the largest nectaries in the plant kingdom. The purpose of
21530642
Atalaya (plant)


underground woody rootstocks. In South Africa three species grow naturally. The scarcity of "A. natalensis" trees and their restricted range has received the global conservation status (IUCN) of "vulnerable D2". "A. capensis" has a global conservation status (IUCN) listing also, of "Lower Risk / conservation dependent" . In Papua New Guinea "A. papuana" grows naturally in coast monsoon dune scrub (coastal rainforests on dune soils that become seasonally dry, with deciduous trees), tropical savanna forests and in regenerating
21745346
Swinhoe's storm petrel


it most resembles a Leach's storm petrel with its forked tail, longish wings, and flight behaviour, but does not have a white rump and the call differs. It is difficult to distinguish from other all-dark "Oceanodroma" species, and the first English record had to be DNA-tested to eliminate the possibility that it was a Leach's storm petrel, since populations of north-eastern Pacific Leach's storm petrels contain individuals that show completely dark rumps. This storm petrel is strictly nocturnal at the breeding sites
12266374
Guadalupe storm petrel


a few days by either parent, after which the other took over, the relieved bird taking to the sea to feed itself for the next incubation stint. The young were fed only at night, also like in other storm petrels. Three species of lice were found to parasitize the Guadalupe storm petrel: the menoponids "Longimenopon dominicanum" and "Austromenopon oceanodromae", and the ischnoceran "Halipeurus raphanus". The second also occurs on some other storm petrels, and the third was also found on the ashy storm petrel.
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Austral storm petrel


Storm petrels also use dynamic soaring and slope soaring to travel over the ocean surface, although this method is used less by this family compared to the northern storm petrels. Slope soaring is more straightforward and favoured by the Oceanitidae, the storm petrel turns to the wind, gaining height, from where it can then glide back down to the sea. The diet of many storm petrels species is poorly known owing to difficulties in researching; overall the family is thought to concentrate on crustaceans. Small fish, oil droplets and molluscs are
17288967
Northern storm petrel


Northern storm petrels are seabirds in the family Hydrobatidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. The family was once lumped with the similar austral storm petrels in the combined storm petrels, but have been split, as they were not closely related. These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. The northern storm petrels are found in the Northern Hemisphere, although some species around the Equator dip into the south. They are strictly
5642343
Northern storm petrel


protracted, with incubation taking up to 50 days and fledging another 70 days after that. Several species of storm petrel, are threatened by human activities. One species, the Guadalupe storm petrel, is thought to have gone extinct. The principal threats to storm petrels are introduced species, particularly mammals, in their breeding colonies; many storm petrels habitually nest on isolated mammal-free islands and are unable to cope with predators such as rats and feral cats. Two subfamilies, the Hydrobatinae and Oceanitinae, were recognized in the past
5642345
Northern storm petrel


Antarctica. Nesting sites are attended at night to avoid predators; the wedge-rumped storm petrels nesting in the Galapagos Islands are the exception to this rule and attend their nesting sites during the day. Storm petrels display high levels of philopatry, returning to their natal colonies to breed. In one instance, a band-rumped storm petrel was caught as an adult 2 m from its natal burrow. Storm petrels nest either in burrows dug into soil or sand, or in small crevices in rocks and scree. Competition for nesting
5642354
World Commission on Protected Areas


The World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) is one of six commissions of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). In 1948, the IUCN established a Committee on National Parks. Two decades later the IUCN had been asked by the international community to take responsibility for preparing a world list of national parks in keeping with its role as a network to share the world’s knowledge on nature conservation, and in 1960, the IUCN raised the status of the Committee to that of a permanent Commission, with
9410113
IUCN Red List of Ecosystems


The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems (RLE) is a global framework for monitoring and documenting the status of ecosystems. It was developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as part of the growing toolkit for biodiversity risk assessment. Its main objective is to support conservation, resource use, and management decisions by evaluating all the world's ecosystems by 2025. The Red List of Ecosystem was developed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's leading authority on the subject and the same entity
4416626
European storm petrel


to playback calls at burrow entrances, but infra-red filming may also be an option. Although this species' population now appears to be declining, the decrease is not rapid or large enough to trigger conservation vulnerability criteria. Given its high numbers, this petrel is therefore classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being of Least Concern. The perceived decline may be due increased predation from gulls, skuas and introduced mammals. Eradication of rats protects seabird colonies and may enable recolonisation of islands cleared of rodents. Predation
8627950
Fork-tailed storm petrel


predators such as foxes, martens, and raccoons have a significant impact on breeding populations. To defend themselves, fork-tailed storm petrels can eject their stomach oil at an incoming threat. Fork-tailed storm petrels generally coexist peacefully with other seabirds, where they can be seen sharing breeding habitat with tufted puffins. In some cases, aggression can be observed, where they are known to steal food from Leach's storm petrels. Being widespread and abundant, the fork-tailed storm petrel is not threatened with extinction. However
16475986
Camas pocket gopher


lupines. Citing concerns of urbanization, habitat loss and active attempts at eradication, NatureServe assesses the camas pocket gophers' conservation status as vulnerable. The conservation status of the camas pocket gopher is classified as "least concern" by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Species Programme, with a stable population trend. The IUCN notes that the gopher is common in its range; studies indicate that populations can recover rapidly after traps are removed from an area, and the species may adapt well to environmental changes. The
11628281
IUCN Red List


The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. A series of
19930289
International Union for Conservation of Nature


its focus beyond conservation ecology and now incorporates issues related to sustainable development in its projects. Unlike many other international environmental organisations, IUCN does not itself aim to mobilize the public in support of nature conservation. It tries to influence the actions of governments, business and other stakeholders by providing information and advice, and through building partnerships. The organization is best known to the wider public for compiling and publishing the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide. IUCN has a membership of over 1400
13568847
International Union for Conservation of Nature


governmental and non-governmental organizations. Some 16,000 scientists and experts participate in the work of IUCN commissions on a voluntary basis. It employs approximately 1000 full-time staff in more than 50 countries. Its headquarters are in Gland, Switzerland. IUCN has observer and consultative status at the United Nations, and plays a role in the implementation of several international conventions on nature conservation and biodiversity. It was involved in establishing the World Wide Fund for Nature and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. In the past, IUCN has been criticized
13568848
International Union for Conservation of Nature


Council of Europe. In 1961, at the request of United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the United Nations Economic and Social Council, IUCN published the first global list of national parks and protected areas which it has updated ever since. IUCN's best known publication, the Red Data Book on the conservation status of species, was first published in 1964. IUCN began to play a part in the development of international treaties and conventions, starting with the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
13568854
Vanuatu petrel


The Vanuatu petrel or Falla's petrel ("Pterodroma occulta") is a species of gadfly petrel. This little-known seabird was first scientifically described in 2001 based on six specimens taken in 1927 off Merelava, Vanuatu, and a single bird found ashore in 1983 in New South Wales, Australia. The first confirmed breeding locality was only discovered in 2009 on the island of Vanua Lava, Vanuatu, but based on reports by locals it is supposed to also breed on Merelava. The IUCN has not recognized the Vanuatu petrel
12065038
Gould's petrel


imprinted on their natal site but old enough to maximise survival in the absence of parental care. Active conservation management for the Australian subspecies of Gould's petrel has been so successful that the conservation status of the subspecies has been down-graded from endangered to vulnerable. In 2010, the total population of the Australian subspecies was estimated to be 2,500 individuals and increasing. At the same time, the population of the New Caledonian subspecies was estimated at 10,000 individuals and decreasing. However, this number is no more than an estimate and
8337453
Hornby's storm petrel


The Hornby's storm petrel or ringed storm petrel ("Oceanodroma hornbyi") is a seabird that ranges in the Humboldt Current off the coasts of South America. The species is a very distinctive member of the storm petrel family, with a dark cap, white face and underparts, forked tail and a black band across the chest. It is relatively common in the seas off Peru, Chile and Ecuador. The species is named after Admiral Sir Phipps Hornby. Little is known about the breeding biology of the Hornby's storm
15040878
Northern storm petrel


to these birds because they sometimes appear to walk across the water's surface. The more specific "storm petrel" or "stormy petrel" is a reference to their habit of hiding in the lee of ships during storms. Early sailors named these birds "Mother Carey's chickens" because they were thought to warn of oncoming storms; this name is based on a corrupted form of "Mater Cara", a name for the Blessed Virgin Mary. Breton folklore holds that storm petrels are the spirits of sea-captains who
5642361
Fork-tailed storm petrel


as the similar looking ashy storm petrel.. However, fork-tailed storm petrels from southern populations are somewhat darker than those in the north. Males and females of this species are generally very similar in colour and size. Juveniles also resemble adults with the exception of having a less noticeable notch in their tails. The fork-tailed storm petrel is a part of the tubenose order Procellariiformes and family Hydrobatidae. The genus "Oceanodroma" arises from Ancient Greek "okeanos dromos", meaning "ocean runner", reflecting the storm
16475976
Cynoglossum germanicum


glades, among deciduous trees, and sometimes hedgerows. It requires warm and nitrogen-rich conditions. It is native to Europe. It has become extinct in Scotland, but persists in England, where it is rare. The IUCN has assessed the global conservation status of this species as critically endangered. It was declining markedly in Britain before the Second World War, for unknown reasons, but benefited greatly from the Great Storm of 1987, which felled many trees and opened up Britain's woodlands. "Cynoglossum" comes from the
19503912
Oceanodroma


Oceanodroma is a genus of storm petrels. The genus name is from Ancient Greek "okeanos", "ocean" and "dromos", "runner". One species, the Guadalupe storm petrel ("O. macrodactyla"), is extinct. In 2010, the International Ornithological Congress (IOC) added the Cape Verde storm petrel ("O. jabejabe") to their list of accepted species (AS) splits, following Bolton et al. 2007. This species was split from the band-rumped storm petrel (
9677880
White-necked petrel


likely to be the very similar Vanuatu petrel, "P. occulta", which some consider to be a subspecies of the white-necked petrel. The IUCN rating as vulnerable is for the "combined" species. This species resembles the Vanuatu petrel, "P. occulta", but is slightly larger at in length, in wing span and in weight. It has a black cap, white rear neck, dark grey back, wings and tail, and a darker rump. The underparts are white with dark bases on the
8337427
Wilson's storm petrel


chilensis" (="wollastoni", "magellanicus") but this is considered a "nomen nudum" although some authors have reinstated it, noting that it can be distinguished by white mottling on the belly. The name "Mother Carey's chicken" was used in early literature and often applied to several petrel species while the generic name of stormy petrel referred to the idea that their appearance foretold stormy weather. F. M. Littler and others called it the yellow-webbed storm-petrel. Wilson's storm petrel is a
12266700
Nepenthes spathulata


. It is somewhat reminiscent of the highland heath forests around Bareo in Sarawak, Borneo. Due to the patchy distribution of "N. spathulata", its conservation status is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, Charles Clarke suggests a revised status of Conservation Dependent based on the IUCN criteria. The closest relative of "N. spathulata" appears to be "N. singalana". It differs from this species in having a peristome that is contracted towards the front and very wide at the sides.
21531150
Regional Red List


A Regional Red List (RRL) is a report of the threatened status of species within a certain country or region. It is based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, an inventory of the conservation status of species on a global scale. Regional Red Lists assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit and therefore may feed directly into national and regional planning. This project is coordinated by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and partners in national governments
544308
Ainley's storm petrel


Ainley's storm petrel ("Oceanodroma cheimomnestes") is a species of seabird in the family Hydrobatidae. It breeds in the winter on Guadalupe Island off the western coast of Mexico. It ranges south to the Galápagos Islands. It is considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of the Leach's storm petrel. This species was first described as a subspecies of Leach's storm petrel ("Oceanodroma leucorhoa"), by the United States marine ornithologist David Ainley. He distinguished it on grounds of physiology, morphology and voice
8064291
Galápagos petrel


the Galapagos Archipelago (islands San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz, Santiago, Floreana, and Isabela). In the past, the petrel population was severely affected by introduced mammals. These introduced animals damaged the nesting colonies, leading to assessment of the petrel as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. One of the greatest threats to the population of petrels is the presence of the black rat ("Rattus rattus"), an introduced species that is the principal cause of mortality of eggs and hatchlings of the species
19246173
Ashy storm petrel


" + "chroma" ("χρώμα") "color", come from its coloration. This is a small, uniformly sooty-brown storm petrel with a forked tail, closely resembling the black storm petrel, however it is smaller and has a more fluttering style of flight, with the upstroke only becoming horizontal to the body before beginning the downstroke (other storm-petrels in its range have a higher upstroke). It is a gregarious bird at sea, feeding nocturnally on cephalopods, fish (particularly the deep
8196205
Cape Verde storm petrel


The Cape Verde storm petrel ("Oceanodroma jabejabe") is an oceangoing bird found in the Atlantic Ocean, especially around the islands of Cape Verde. It was at one time considered to be a subspecies of the band-rumped storm petrel, but is now considered to be a separate species by the British Birding Association, the Dutch Birding Association and other authorities. They breed much of year but most nest in the winter. This bird is darker in plumage and the white rump is less conspicuous than Leach's storm petrel
8361089
European storm petrel


and the recently described Monteiro's storm petrel, it is also smaller, darker, and shorter-winged, and has a square tail. Wilson's storm petrel lacks an under wing bar, and has long legs with the feet visible beyond the tail. In its display flight, the storm petrel gives a call consisting of eight or more repetitions of a fast "ter-CHICK" sounds ending in a trill (rapid alternation of notes). This chattering, staccato call is highly variable in pitch, stress, and
8627927
New Zealand storm petrel


the feet project well beyond the tail. This storm petrel is strictly nocturnal at the breeding sites to avoid predation by larger and more aggressive gulls and skuas. Like most petrels, its walking ability is limited to a short shuffle to the burrow. It differs from the more common petrel species found in New Zealand, Wilson's storm petrel ("O. oceanicus"), by its pale bar on the upper wing, white belly with streaking, narrow white panel on the underwings, longer legs, and dark webs to the
20327240
Northern storm petrel


mystery. Storm petrels face the same threats as other seabirds; in particular, they are threatened by introduced species. The Guadalupe storm petrel was driven to extinction by feral cats, and introduced predators have also been responsible for declines in other species. Habitat degradation, which limits nesting opportunities, caused by introduced goats and pigs is also a problem, especially if it increases competition from more aggressive burrowing petrels. The name "petrel" is a diminutive form of "Peter", a reference to Saint Peter; it was given
5642360
Regional Red List


, universities and organizations throughout the world. Regional Red Lists may assist countries or regions in: The IUCN Categories and Criteria were initially designed to assess the conservation status of species globally, however there was a demand for guidelines to apply the system at the regional level. In 2003, IUCN developed a set of transparent, quantitative criteria to assess the conservation status of species at the regional and national level. This approach is now being applied in many countries throughout the world. Recently, Regional Red Lists have been completed for Mongolian
544309
Endangered species


An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct in the near future. Endangered (EN), as categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, is the second most severe conservation status for wild populations in the IUCN's schema after  (CR). In 2012, the IUCN Red List featured 3,079 animal and 2,655 plant species as endangered (EN) worldwide. The figures for 1998 were, respectively, 1,102 and 1,197. Many nations have laws that
3812127
Grey-faced petrel


or January. Grey-faced petrels typically hunt squid, fish, and crustaceans, but will sometimes scavenge this food. Grey-faced petrels mostly hunt at night, and as most of their prey are bioluminescent, it is suggested that they use these light cues to hunt. Grey-faced petrels have a considerably large population and range, and so are listed as least concern by the IUCN. Furthermore, it is listed as Not Threatened under the New Zealand Threat Classification System due to population increases. One of the largest
508718
Fork-tailed storm petrel


Its foraging behaviour resembles other storm petrels, where it flies with short, stiff wingbeats close to the surface of the water. Despite its name, the forked tail in this bird is not always visible. The distinguishing feature of fork-tailed storm petrels is their overall bluish-gray plumage. They generally have a paler underside, which contrasts the darker colours under their wings. They also have a dark gray forehead, a black ear patch, and a small, black bill. Other storm petrels are significantly darker, such
16475975
Fork-tailed storm petrel


, humans impact their life history in many ways. As a species that feeds on surface material and follows ships, this storm petrel often ingests oil and plastic with their food items. Surprisingly, the fork-tailed storm petrel is relatively unaffected by the toxicity of oil, as their natural diet contains substances that are very chemically similar. Plastics also do not severely affect the birds because they can be regurgitated after ingestion. In contrast, being a top marine predator, fork-tailed storm petrels are susceptible to bioaccumulation. High
16475987
Austral storm petrel


storm petrel regularly migrates into the Northern Hemisphere); the seven species are in five genera. The Hydrobatinae, or northern storm petrels, were the two genera "Hydrobates" and "Oceanodroma". They were largely restricted to the Northern Hemisphere, although a few could visit or breed a short distance beyond the Equator. Cytochrome "b" DNA sequence analysis suggests that the family was paraphyletic and more accurately treated as distinct families. The same study found that the austral storm petrels are basal within the Procellariiformes. The first split
17288963
Austral storm petrel


was the subfamily Oceanitidae, with the Hydrobatidae splitting from the rest of the order at a later date. Few fossil species have been found, with the earliest being from the Upper Miocene. Austral storm petrels are the smallest of all the seabirds, ranging in size from 15–26 cm in length. Two body shapes occur in the family; the austral storm petrels have short wings, square tails, elongated skulls, and long legs. The legs of all storm petrels are proportionally longer than those of other Procellariiformes, but they are
17288964
Austral storm petrel


also taken by many species. Some species are known to be rather more specialised; the grey-backed storm petrel is known to concentrate on the larvae of goose barnacles. Almost all species forage in the pelagic zone, except for Elliot's storm petrels, which are coastal feeders in the Galapagos Islands. Although storm petrels are capable of swimming well and often form rafts on the water's surface, they do not feed on the water. Instead, feeding usually takes place on the wing, with birds hovering above or "
17288968
Austral storm petrel


shearwaters having been recorded killing storm petrels to occupy their burrows. Colonies can be extremely large and dense; 840,000 pairs of white-faced storm petrel nest on South East Island in the Chatham Islands in densities between 1.18 and 0.47 burrows/m. Storm petrels are monogamous and form long-term pair bonds that last a number of years. As with the other Procellariiformes, a single egg is laid by a pair in a breeding season; if the egg fails, then usually no attempt is made to lay again (although
17288972
Northern storm petrel


Hydrobatidae have longer wings than the austral storm petrels, forked or wedge-shaped tails, and shorter legs. The legs of all storm petrels are proportionally longer than those of other Procellariiformes, but they are very weak and unable to support the bird's weight for more than a few steps. All but two of the Hydrobatidae are mostly dark in colour with varying amounts of white on the rump. Two species have different plumage entirely, Hornby's storm petrel, which has white undersides and facial markings, and the fork-
5642348
Leach's storm petrel


birds are dark-rumped. In Europe, it can be readily distinguished from the European storm petrel and Wilson's storm petrel by its larger size, forked tail, different rump pattern, and flight behavior. Identification in the Americas, however, proves more difficult. On the Atlantic Coast, separating this species from band-rumped storm petrels is difficult; identification involves characteristics such as the extent of white on the rump and flight pattern. Discerning this species from others is arguably hardest on the Pacific Coast, where the dark
8628557
Procellariidae


The family Procellariidae is a group of seabirds that comprises the fulmarine petrels, the gadfly petrels, the prions, and the shearwaters. This family is part of the bird order Procellariiformes (or tubenoses), which also includes the albatrosses, the storm petrels, and the diving petrels. The procellariids are the most numerous family of tubenoses, and the most diverse. They range in size from the giant petrels, which are almost as large as the albatrosses, to the prions, which are as small as the larger storm petrels
5743846
List of critically endangered mammals


a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN. While the category of "data deficient" indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed." This is a complete list of critically endangered mammalian species and subspecies evaluated by the IUCN.
3524211
Swinhoe's storm petrel


Swinhoe's storm petrel ("Oceanodroma monorhis "), also known as Swinhoe's petrel, is a small, all-brown seabird of the storm petrel family Hydrobatidae. The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek. "Hydrobates" is from hudro", "water", and "bates", "walker", and" monorhis" is from "monos", "single" and "rhinos", "nostril". It breeds on islands in the northwest Pacific off China, Japan and Korea. It
12266370
Swinhoe's storm petrel


anecdotal evidence that some colonies are in decline (N. Moores in litt. 2011). The common name commemorates the British naturalist Robert Swinhoe. Swinhoe's storm petrel is a small bird, 18–21 cm in length with a 45–48 cm wingspan, though distinctly larger than the European storm petrel. It is essentially dark brown in all plumages, and has a fluttering flight, pattering on the water surface as it picks planktonic food items from the ocean surface. Unlike the European storm petrel, it does not follow ships. In structure
12266373
Wilson's storm petrel


small bird, in length with a wingspan. It is slightly larger than the European storm petrel and is essentially dark brown in all plumages, except for the white rump and flanks. The feet jut beyond the square ended tail in flight. The European storm petrel has a very distinct whitish lining to the underwing and a nearly all dark upperwing. Wilson's storm petrel has a diffuse pale band along the upper wing coverts and lacks the distinctive white underwing lining. The webbing between the toes is yellow with black spots in pre
12266701
Austral storm petrel


walking" on the surface (see morphology) and snatching small morsels. Rarely, prey is obtained by making shallow dives under the surface. Like many types of seabirds, storm petrels associate with other species of seabird and marine mammal species to help obtain food. They may benefit from the actions of diving predators such as seals and penguins, which push prey up towards the surface while hunting, allowing the surface-feeding storm petrels to reach them. The austral storm petrels typically breed found in the Southern Hemisphere, in contrast
17288969