Springer's sawtail catshark [SEP] IUCN conservation status
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Springer's sawtail catshark


dermal denticles along both the dorsal and the ventral edges of the caudal fin. The Springer's sawtail catshark is oviparous. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently lacks the information to assess its conservation status. The Springer's sawtail catshark was originally regarded as the striped color morph of the Antilles catshark ("G. antillensis", formerly "G. arae antillensis"). The first known specimen had resided in the National Museum of Natural History for over 20 years, until an artifact of preservation revealed the distinctive
20537615
Longfin sawtail catshark


from similar species by its relatively longer anal fin and small adult length of under . The longfin sawtail catshark is oviparous. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) currently lacks the data to assess its conservation status. Renowned shark expert Stewart Springer described the longfin sawtail catshark in a 1966 issue of the "United States Fish and Wildlife Service Fishery Bulletin", based on a long female collected off Panama on May 30, 1962. He named the species after French zoologist Jean Cadenat, who described the similar African sawtail
20537031
Dwarf sawtail catshark


. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) does not currently have sufficient information to assess the conservation status of this species. Renowned shark expert Stewart Springer described the dwarf sawtail catshark in a 1979 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Technical Report. The type specimen is an adult male long, collected from Balayan Bay. It does not closely resemble more typical "Galeus" species, and its placement within the genus is not concrete. The dwarf sawtail catshark is endemic to Luzon in the Philippines. It is
20537596
Broadfin sawtail catshark


long claspers that reach past the anal fin. The broadfin sawtail catshark is an opportunistic predator of bony fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans, with immature and mature sharks being primarily piscivorous. It is oviparous and reproduces year-round. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently lacks the information to assess the conservation status of this species. The broadfin sawtail catshark has long been lumped together with the closely similar but smaller gecko catshark ("G. eastmani"), under whose name authors such as Toshiji Kamohara had
20537332
Longnose sawtail catshark


tail. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently lacks the information to assess the conservation status of this species. The first known specimen of the longnose sawtail catshark was hooked on a bottom longline off the Ogasawara Islands in 1983. The new species was described by Hiroyuki Tachikawa and Toru Taniuchi in a 1987 issue of the "Japanese Journal of Ichthyology", and given the specific epithet "longirostris" from the Latin "longus" ("long"), and "rostrum" ("snout")
20537160
Northern sawtail catshark


The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) does not yet have enough information to assess its conservation status. The first known specimens of the northern sawtail catshark were collected during exploratory surveys conducted off northeastern Australia in the 1980s, and provisionally termed "Galeus" sp. B. It was formally described by Daniel Gledhill, Peter Last, and William White in a 2008 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) publication, in which they also resurrected the genus "Figaro", until then considered a junior synonym of "
11796233
Slender sawtail catshark


. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently lacks enough information to assess its conservation status. Leonard Compagno and John Stevens described the slender sawtail catshark in a 1993 issue of the scientific journal "Records of the Australian Museum". They gave it the specific epithet "gracilis", meaning "slender" in Latin; previously, the species had been provisionally termed "Galeus" sp. A. The type specimen is a long adult female, caught in January 1988 north of Melville Island, Northern Territory. Within
20537114
Blacktip sawtail catshark


time year-round. The blacktip sawtail catshark is caught incidentally in bottom trawls and used for fishmeal in Taiwan. However, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) currently lacks enough information to assess its conservation status. In 1906, the Carnegie Museum purchased an extensive collection of fishes assembled from the markets of Takao (Kaohsiung), Taiwan by Hans Sauter. American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Robert Earl Richardson described several new species from the collection in a 1909 issue of "Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum",
20537568
Springer's sawtail catshark


Springer's sawtail catshark ("Galeus springeri") is a little-known species of catshark, belonging to the family Scyliorhinidae, found in waters deep off the islands of the Antilles, from Cuba to the Leewards. A small, slim-bodied species reaching a length of , the Springer's sawtail catshark can be identified by its color pattern of horizontal dark stripes in front of the first dorsal fin, and dark dorsal saddles behind. It is additionally characterized by the presence of saw-toothed crests, made of enlarged
20537614
Springer's sawtail catshark


Springer's sawtail catshark is limited and overlaps that of the similar Antilles catshark; it occurs off Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, the Leeward Islands, and probably the U.S. Virgin Islands. The full extent of its distribution is uncertain due to confusion with related species. Recorded from depths of , this species is found on or near the bottom over upper continental and insular slopes. The largest known specimen of the Springer's sawtail catshark measured long. It has a slender body and a somewhat flattened head with a long
20537617
Australian sawtail catshark


. The Australian sawtail catshark feeds mainly on fishes, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Females are oviparous and lay eggs enclosed by capsules. This species is often caught incidentally by commercial bottom trawl fisheries, but is not significantly threatened by fishing activity. Thus, it has been assessed as of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Australian ichthyologist Gilbert Percy Whitley originally described the Australian sawtail catshark as "Pristiurus boardmani", in a 1928 issue of the scientific journal "Records of the Australian Museum"
20536876
Southern sawtail catshark


back. The southern sawtail catshark is oviparous, with females producing reddish egg capsules. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as Vulnerable; it is often taken as bycatch and may be threatened by intensifying squid fishing. The first known specimens of the southern sawtail catshark were caught in a series of experimental fish traps set off Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 1988. Initially identified as "Galeus antillensis", the species was described in a 2001 issue of the scientific journal "Mare Magnum
20537211
Atlantic sawtail catshark


fishing pressure on its population is uncertain as it is not recorded separately from "G. melastomus". Given its restricted distribution, it has been assessed as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The original description of the Atlantic sawtail catshark, as "Pristiurus atlanticus", was published in 1888 by French naturalist Léon Louis Vaillant, in "Expéditions scientifiques du "Travailleur" et du "Talisman" pendant les années 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883". Vaillant based his account on a
20321194
Southern sawtail catshark


time. The egg is enclosed in a reddish vase-shaped capsule, measuring roughly long and wide. with coiled tendrils at the four corners. Males and females reach sexual maturity at and long respectively. Significant, though unquantified, numbers of southern sawtail catsharks are caught incidentally on bottom longlines and in bottom trawls and traps, deployed by goosefish and squid fisheries. Given its very limited range, its population may be threatened by increasing levels of squid fishing activity. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has therefore
20537219
Longfin sawtail catshark


catshark ("G. polli"). Springer and other authors would subsequently come to regard "G. cadenati" as a subspecies of the roughtail catshark ("G. arae"). In 1998 and 2000, Hera Konstantinou and colleagues published revisions of the "G. arae" species complex in which they elevated "G. a. cadenati" back to the rank of full species, along with the other subspecies "G. a. antillensis". The longfin sawtail catshark does not co-occur with either "G. arae" or "G.
20537032
Roughtail catshark


"Ara", which collected the first two specimens, both long immature females, off Miami Beach on March 31, 1926. Later authors have recognized "Pristiurus" as a junior synonym of "Galeus". The Antilles catshark ("G. antillensis") and the longfin sawtail catshark ("G. cadenati") were regarded as subspecies of "G. arae", until taxonomic revisions were published by Hera Konstantinou and colleagues in 1998 and 2000. The three species, along with the southern and Springer's sawtail catsharks (
20536857
Antilles catshark


and blotches, as well as a crest of enlarge dermal denticles along the front part of its dorsal caudal fin margin. It feeds on shrimp and may have schooling habits. Reproduction is oviparous. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) does not have enough data to assess the conservation status of this species. Shark expert Stewart Springer first described the Antilles catshark as an island subspecies of "G. arae" in a 1979 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Technical Report. The type specimen was collected off Saint
20320687
Springer's sawtail catshark


dorsal fins, and a series of dark saddle-like markings running from the first dorsal fin base to the tail, on a dusky background. The underside is uniformly white. There is little known of the natural history of the Springer's sawtail catshark. Reproduction is presumably oviparous; other females of the "G. arae" complex produce flask-shaped egg capsules around long, with tendrils at the upper two corners. Adult males have yet to be captured; the largest immature male measured long. Females are mature by a
20537621
Scyliorhinus meadi


largest immature specimen is long. Like other catsharks, it is believed to be oviparous. This species is not dangerous to humans and has no commercial significance; the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) does not have enough data to assess its conservation status. The blotched catshark was first scientifically described in 1966 by American ichthyologist Stewart Springer, based on a long immature male caught off Cape Canaveral, Florida. He named it after Giles W. Mead, who brought the original specimen to his attention. From 1970 to 1979
21791248
Peppered catshark


reproductive period probably lasting from May to September. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed the peppered catshark under Least Concern, as it faces no significant threats from human activity. The peppered catshark was described by Stewart Springer and Mary Wagner in a 1966 issue of "Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science"; the specific epithet "piperatus" is derived from the Latin "piper", meaning "pepper". The type specimen is an adult female long, collected halfway between Tiburón Island and Isla
20537500
African sawtail catshark


, squid, and crustaceans. It is the only member of its genus known to be aplacental viviparous; reproduction proceeds year-round, with females bear litters of up to 12 pups. In relatively shallower waters, this shark is caught incidentally and utilized for meat or fishmeal. The fisheries off Namibia, where it is most abundant, are well-managed and do not threaten its population. Given also that sharks in deeper waters are not significantly fished, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed this
20537541
Galeus


, while multiple oviparity and aplacental viviparity are thought to be more derived. Sawtail catsharks pose no danger to humans and have little economic value, though varying numbers are caught incidentally by deepwater commercial fisheries. Some of the larger species, such as "G. melastomus" and "G. polli", are occasionally utilized for meat, fishmeal, and/or leather. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed "G. atlanticus" and "G. mincaronei", both of which have very restricted distributions, as Near Threatened
9640776
Figaro (genus)


since been generally accepted as distinct. One of the key characteristics of "Figaro", the ventral crest of denticles on the caudal fin, is also present in several species of the genus "Parmaturus", as well as the Springer's sawtail catshark ("G. springeri") and the mouse catshark ("G. murinus"). "Figaro" also closely resembles the genus "Asymbolus" in several morphological characters, including the fusion of the pelvic fin inner margins in adult males. More research is required to elucidate
12588709
Longnose sawtail catshark


. A long female caught off Amami Ōshima was designated as the type specimen. Within the genus, this species most closely resembles the broadfin sawtail catshark ("G. nipponensis"). The longnose sawtail catshark has been recorded from south of Japan, off the islands of Amami Ōshima, Ogasawara, and Izu. This demersal species inhabits upper insular slopes at a depth of , and is reportedly rather common. One of the larger members of the genus, the longnose sawtail catshark grows to at least long. This species has a
20537161
Springer's sawtail catshark


ventral dermal denticle crest on the caudal fin. The species was described in a 1998 issue of the scientific journal "Copeia" by Hera Konstantinou and Joseph Cozzi, who named it after leading shark taxonomist Stewart Springer. The type specimen is a long immature male collected on December 8, 1969 near the Leeward Islands. This shark belongs to the "G. arae" species complex, which also includes "G. antillensis", "G. arae", "G. cadenati", and "G. mincaronei". The range of the
20537616
Northern sawtail catshark


The northern sawtail catshark ("Figaro striatus") is a little-known species of catshark, and part of the family Scyliorhinidae, endemic to northeastern Australia. It is demersal in nature and inhabits the upper continental slope at a depth of . A small, slender species growing no longer than , the northern sawtail catshark is characterized by a series of dark, narrow saddles along its back and tail, and rows of prominently enlarged dermal denticles along the upper edge of its caudal fin and the underside of its caudal peduncle.
11796232
Slender sawtail catshark


The slender sawtail catshark ("Galeus gracilis") is a little-known species of catshark, part of the family Scyliorhinidae, endemic to northern Australia. It is found over the continental slope in on water. Growing to long, this shark has a slim gray body with four dark saddle markings below the dorsal fins and on the caudal fin, as well as a prominent crest of enlarged dermal denticles along the dorsal edge of the caudal fin. The slender sawtail catshark is not valued by fisheries but is taken as bycatch
20537113
Southern sawtail catshark


on the characters originally used to distinguish it from "G. antillensis", such as the length of the pectoral fin margins. They recommended further study to resolve the status of the two species. The only "Galeus" species in the southwestern Atlantic, the southern sawtail catshark is found off the southern Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, and may occur as far north as São Paulo. Its total range is estimated to encompass less than of area. This species has been recorded from between the depths of
20537213
Magnificent catshark


are three spots above a fourth curved spot, forming a "clown face", beneath each dorsal fin. The spots extend onto the dorsal and anal fins, and the upper surfaces of the pectoral and pelvic fins. The underside varies from plain white to grayish with faint blotches. Virtually nothing is known of the natural history of the magnificent catshark. Males attain sexual maturity at around long. The conservation status of the magnificent catshark has not been evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Only five
14393474
African sawtail catshark


The African sawtail catshark ("Galeus polli") is a species of catshark, part of the family Scyliorhinidae. Demersal in nature, it is found at depths of off the western African coast from Morocco to South Africa. This slender species has a rather long, pointed snout, a series of dark saddles along the back and tail, and a prominent crest of enlarged dermal denticles along the upper edge of the caudal fin. Its maximum known length is . The diet of the African sawtail catshark consists of small bony fishes
20537540
Northern sawtail catshark


Galeus". The specific epithet "striatus" means "striped" in Latin. The type specimen is a long adult male caught south of the Saumarez Reefs, Queensland, on November 17, 1985. The range of the northern sawtail catshark is limited to the upper continental slope off Queensland, between Rockhampton and Townsville. It is found on or near the bottom at a depth of . Reaching in length, the northern sawtail catshark has a firm, thin body with a mostly cylindrical cross-section. The head is short
11796234
Broadfin sawtail catshark


described it since 1950. This shark was formally described as a new species in a 1975 volume of the scientific journal "Memoirs of the Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University" by Kazuhiro Nakaya, who gave it the specific epithet "nipponensis" from Nippon (Japan). The type specimen is a long adult male caught off Mimase in Kōchi Prefecture, on December 20, 1972. Within the genus, this species is closest in morphology to the longnose sawtail catshark ("G. longirostris"). The broadfin sawtail catshark is
20537333
Dwarf sawtail catshark


. A crest of enlarged denticles is present along the dorsal caudal fin margin. This species is brownish above and lighter below, with a faint darker saddle beneath each dorsal fin, and two darker bands on the caudal fin. The interior of the mouth varies from light to dusky. The natural history of the dwarf sawtail catshark is poorly known. Males attain sexual maturity at around long, and females at long. Only a few specimens of the dwarf sawtail catshark have been collected, and a lack of data has led the
20537600
Longfin sawtail catshark


The longfin sawtail catshark ("Galeus cadenati") is a rare, little-known species of catshark, part of the family Scyliorhinidae. Once thought to be a subspecies of the roughtail catshark ("G. arae") along with the Antilles catshark ("G. antillensis"), it inhabits deep water off the Caribbean coasts of Panama and Colombia. This slim-bodied species has a marbled dorsal color pattern and a prominent crest of enlarged dermal denticles along the dorsal edge of its caudal fin. It can be distinguished
20537030
Quagga catshark


waters of continental shelf at depths of or more, it is a bottom-dwelling predator of shrimps. It exhibits an oviparous mode of reproduction, with a record of a female containing eight eggs that were enclosed in brown capsules bearing long tendrils at the corners. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently lacks sufficient data to assess the conservation status of this species. It is not economically valued but is taken as bycatch. The first specimen of the quagga catshark was a long adult male collected by the paddle
19810213
Atlantic sawtail catshark


The Atlantic sawtail catshark ("Galeus atlanticus") is a little-known species of catshark, part of the family Scyliorhinidae, found in a small area of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, centered on the Strait of Gibraltar and the Alborán Sea. It is found on or close to the bottom over the continental slope, mostly at depths of . This shark closely resembles, and was once thought to be the same species as, the blackmouth catshark ("G. melastomus"); both are slender with a series of dark
20321192
Lollipop catshark


. Reproduction is aplacental viviparous, with females retaining egg cases internally two at a time until they hatch. There is no fishery interest in this species, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lacks sufficient information to assess its conservation status. The lollipop catshark was originally described by American ichthyologist Charles Henry Gilbert as "Catulus cephalus", in the 1892 14th volume of "Proceedings of the United States National Museum". His description was based on a long adult male caught from a depth of off Clarion Island
9640894
Southern sawtail catshark


The southern sawtail catshark ("Galeus mincaronei") is a species of catshark, part of the family Scyliorhinidae, endemic to southern Brazil. It inhabits deepwater reefs on the upper continental slope at a depth of . Reaching at least in length, this slim-bodied species closely resembles the Antilles catshark ("G. antillensis"). It has a prominent crest of enlarged dermal denticles along the dorsal edge of the caudal fin, as well as a distinctive color pattern of dark oval blotches, outlined in white, along its
20537210
False catshark


of Nature (IUCN) has assessed the conservation status of the false catshark as Least-concern. While neither targeted by fisheries nor commercially valuable, it is caught incidentally by longlines and bottom trawls, and its low reproductive rate may render it susceptible to population depletion. The false catshark was first described by Portuguese ichthyologist Félix de Brito Capelo in the "Jornal do Sciências Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes" in 1868. He based his account on a long adult male caught off Setubal, Portugal. Brito Capelo thought the specimen resembled
7113289
Southern sawtail catshark


along either side of the back. The blotches are darker and outlined in white, and become less distinct towards the tail. The fins are dark, with or without lighter margins, and the underside is off-white. The inside of the mouth is blackish. The southern sawtail catshark shares its habitat with the abundant freckled catshark ("Scyliorhinus haeckelii"). Reproduction is oviparous. Adult females have a single functional ovary, on the right, and two functional oviducts; a single egg matures within an oviduct at a
20537218
Blacktip sawtail catshark


The blacktip sawtail catshark ("Galeus sauteri") is a species of catshark, and part of the family Scyliorhinidae, found off the coasts of Taiwan and the Philippines. It is demersal in nature and occurs deeper than . Growing up to long, this slim-bodied species is characterized by its plain brownish dorsal coloration with dark tips on the dorsal and caudal fins, and a prominent crest of enlarged dermal denticles on the upper edge of the caudal fin. It is oviparous, with females producing encapsulated eggs two at a
20537567
Springer's sawtail catshark


, pointed snout. The eyes are horizontally oval and equipped with rudimentary nictitating membranes (protective third eyelids); they are followed by tiny spiracles and lack prominent ridges underneath. The nostrils are divided by triangular flaps of skin on their anterior rims. The large mouth forms a wide arch, and bears moderately long furrows at the corners. The teeth are small and have a narrow central cusp flanked by multiple cusplets; they are similar in both jaws, and between sexes. There are five pairs of gill slits. The first
20537618
Atlantic sawtail catshark


specimen caught at a depth of off Cape Spartel in northwestern Morocco. This species was long thought to be the same as the closely similar blackmouth catshark ("G. melastomus"), until it was resurrected by Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli and A. Perez Ortega in 1985. Castilho and colleagues (2007) further affirmed the distinction between "G. atlanticus" and "G. melastomus" using morphometric and mitochondrial DNA data. The Atlantic sawtail catshark is found from Cape St. Vincent in southwestern Portugal, through the Strait of Gibraltar into the Alborán
20321195
Atlantic sawtail catshark


mouth. The inside of the furrows at the corners of the mouth are dark, in contrast to "G. melastomus" where they are light. The Atlantic sawtail catshark is rarer than the blackmouth catshark, which shares its range. Its natural history is poorly understood. Reproduction is oviparous, with mating and spawning proceeding throughout the year. Females can contain up to nine maturing eggs at a time, divided between the two functional oviducts. The tough egg case is flask-shaped and reddish, with a rounded bottom and a
20321201
Australian sawtail catshark


The Australian sawtail catshark ("Figaro boardmani") is a common species of catshark, and part of the family Scyliorhinidae, endemic to southern Australian waters. It is found on or near the bottom of the outer continental shelf and upper continental slope, at depths of . This slim-bodied species is characterized by crests of enlarged dermal denticles along both the dorsal and ventral edges of its caudal fin and caudal peduncle, along with a color pattern of broad, dark saddles outlined in white. It can grow to in length
20536875
Longnose sawtail catshark


The longnose sawtail catshark ("Galeus longirostris") is a little-known species of catshark, part of the family Scyliorhinidae, found off the northwestern Pacific islands of Amami Ōshima, Ogasawara, and Izu at depths of . Reaching a length of , it is characterized by a long flattened snout, a long space between the pelvic and anal fins, and a crest of enlarged dermal denticles along the dorsal caudal fin edge. Adults are plain dark gray above, while juveniles have a few faint dark saddles on the back and
20537159
Broadfin sawtail catshark


The broadfin sawtail catshark ("Galeus nipponensis") is a common species of catshark, part of the family Scyliorhinidae. It is found on or near the bottom at depths of , from southeastern Japan to the East China Sea. A slender species growing to long, this shark is characterized by a fairly long, pointed snout, a series of indistinct, dark saddles along its back and tail, and a prominent crest of enlarged dermal denticles along the dorsal edge of its caudal fin. In addition, adult males have very
20537331
Blacktip sawtail catshark


catshark is found in the waters around Taiwan, where it is very common, and the Philippines. It was once thought to occur off southern Japan as well, but recent observations by Kazuhiro Nakaya have determined that this is not the case. This species is found on or near the bottom over the continental shelf. In the Taiwan Strait, it has been recorded over mud at depths of , while off Guishan Island it is known from . A small species, the blacktip sawtail catshark attains a maximum length of . Its body
20537570
Australian sawtail catshark


, demersal species inhabits the outer continental shelf and upper continental slope at a depth of . The Australian sawtail catshark has been known to assemble in groups of a single sex. It feeds primarily on fishes, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Reproduction is oviparous, possibly without a well-defined breeding season as is the case in other catsharks. Adult females have a single functional ovary and two functional oviducts; apparently a single egg matures in each oviduct at a time. The eggs are enclosed in capsules measuring long, across, and
20536883
Springer's sawtail catshark


dorsal fin has a blunt apex and is placed over the aft part of the pelvic fins. The second dorsal fin is similar in shape and nearly equal in size to the first, and placed over the aft part of the anal fin. The pectoral fins are fairly large and broad. The small pelvic fins are low relative to their bases, and have angular margins. The anal fin is elongated and placed close to the pelvic and caudal fins; the anal fin base measures 11% of the total length, about comparable
20537619
Springer's sawtail catshark


to the space between the dorsal fins. The caudal fin has a small lower lobe and a ventral notch near the tip of the upper lobe. The body is covered by small, overlapping dermal denticles, each with a teardrop-shaped crown with a median ridge and three marginal teeth. There are enlarged denticles forming distinctive saw-like crests along the anterior portions of both the dorsal and ventral caudal fin edges. This species has a unique dorsal color pattern, consisting of dark horizontal stripes outlined in white in front of the
20537620
Dwarf sawtail catshark


The dwarf sawtail catshark ("Galeus schultzi") is a little-known species of catshark, belonging to the family Scyliorhinidae, found exclusively in the deep waters off Luzon in the Philippines. Unlike other members of its genus, this slender, diminutive shark has a short, rounded snout and very short furrows at the corners of its jaws. It has indistinct darker saddles beneath each dorsal fin and two dark bands on the caudal fin, as well as a prominent crest of enlarged dermal denticles along the upper caudal fin margin
20537595
Slender sawtail catshark


the genus, "G. gracilis" appears to be closely related to "G. eastmani", "G. longirostris", and "G. nipponensis". A 2005 phylogenetic analysis, based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, reported that this species, "G. eastmani", and "G. sauteri" formed a clade apart from "G. melastomus" and "G. murinus". A small species growing to at least long, the slender sawtail catshark has a slim body with a nearly cylindrical cross-section, and a short,
20537115
Antilles catshark


The Antilles catshark ("Galeus antillensis") is a common but little-known species of catshark, part of the family Scyliorhinidae. It is found on or near the bottom at a depth of off Florida and the West Indies from Jamaica to Martinique. It was once regarded as a subspecies of the similar roughtail catshark ("G. arae"), along with the longfin sawtail catshark ("G. cadenati"). Growing to long, the Antilles catshark is a slender species with a marbled color pattern of dark saddles
20320686
Atlantic sawtail catshark


pair of "horns" at the top, and measuring around long and across. The egg case of "G. melastomus" is similar in appearance but significantly larger. Once deposited, the egg hatches within a short period of time. According to Compagno (2005), males attain sexual maturity at about long, and females at about long. Rey and colleagues (2010) reported the smallest mature males and females in their study to be and long respectively. Fishery data for the Atlantic sawtail catshark is inadequate as it is
20321202
Blacktip sawtail catshark


including a catshark of the genus "Pristiurus" that they named in Sauter's honor. Jordan and Richardson referenced six syntypes long in their description, of which four survive to the present day. Later authors have recognized "Pristiurus" as a junior synonym of the genus "Galeus". A 2005 phylogenetic study, based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, found that this species, "G. eastmani", and "G. gracilis" form a clade apart from "G. melastomus" and "G. murinus". The blacktip sawtail
20537569
Atlantic sawtail catshark


and is most common between . There is a lone record from shallower than . This species does not exhibit spatial segregation by either sex or size, or conduct seasonal migrations. The Atlantic sawtail catshark reaches a maximum known length of . Slender and firm-bodied, it has a slightly flattened head with a moderately long, flattened snout. The head is proportionately shorter and narrower, and the nostrils relatively farther from the snout tip, than in "G. melastomus". The nostrils are partially covered by triangular flaps of skin on
20321197
Longfin sawtail catshark


antillensis". It has only been found in the Caribbean Sea off Panama and Colombia, though confusion with its sister species could have obscured the full extent of its distribution. Demersal in nature, it is a rare inhabitant of the upper continental slope, at depths of . The longfin sawtail catshark reaches a maximum known length of , smaller than "G. antillensis" and comparable to "G. arae". This species is slender, with a broad head and a moderately long, pointed snout. The large eyes are horizontally oval
20537033
Longfin sawtail catshark


origin of the first dorsal fin. The underside is uniformly light, and the inside of the mouth is dark. Little is known of the natural history of the longfin sawtail catshark. Reproduction is oviparous; mature females have a single functional ovary, on the right, and two functional oviducts. A single egg matures within each oviduct at a time. The egg is enclosed within a flask-shaped capsule roughly long, across the top, and across the bottom; there are coiled tendrils at the upper two corners. Females
20537037
Southern sawtail catshark


" by Jules Soto, who named it after Michael Maia Mincarone for his contributions to the Museu Oceanográfico do Vale do Itajaí. The type specimen is an adult male long. The southern sawtail catshark closely resembles "G. antillensis", and with it belongs to the "G. arae" species complex along with "G. arae", "G. cadenati", and "G. springeri". In 2006, Getulio Rincon and Carolus Vooren reported that the range of morphometric variation in this species was greater than previously thought, casting doubt
20537212
Southern sawtail catshark


, but is most common below . Demersal in nature, it favors deepwater reefs on the upper continental shelf, that are rich in sea fans, hard corals, sponges, crinoids, and brittle stars. The largest known specimen of the southern sawtail catshark measured long. This species has a slender body and a moderately short, flattened head with a pointed snout. The eyes are horizontally oval and have rudimentary nictitating membranes (protective third eyelids); they are followed by tiny spiracles. The ridge beneath each eye is indistinct.
20537214
Broadfin sawtail catshark


and a ventral notch near the tip of the upper lobe. The dermal denticles are small and overlapping, each with a leaf-shaped crown bearing a median ridge and three marginal teeth. There is a saw-toothed crest of enlarged denticles along the upper edge of the caudal fin. This species is dark gray above, with a series of faint darker saddles along the body and tail. The underside, inside of the mouth, and trailing margins of the pectoral and dorsal fins are white. The broadfin sawtail catshark is
20537338
African sawtail catshark


(Sér A) Sciences Naturelles", naming it in Poll's honor. The African sawtail catshark is found along much of the western coast of Africa, from southern Morocco to the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. It is known to be abundant off Namibia and rare south of the Orange River. This species inhabits the outer continental shelf and upper continental slope between the depths of , and is most common at depths of . Found on or near the bottom, this shark can tolerate water with low levels of dissolved oxygen
20537543
African sawtail catshark


. The African sawtail catshark attains a maximum known length of ; females tend to be larger than males. It has a slender, firm body and a slightly flattened head with a long, pointed snout. The anterior rim of each nostril bears a triangular flap of skin. The eyes are horizontally oval, equipped with rudimentary nictitating membranes (protective third eyelids), and lack strong ridges underneath. Tiny spiracles are located behind the eyes. The mouth is large, wide, and arched, with well-developed furrows at the
20537544
African sawtail catshark


dark gray or brown saddles and/or blotches outlined in white along the back and tail. The pattern tends to fade with age, and some individuals are uniformly colored. The interior of the mouth is black. Small bony fishes, including lanternfishes, hakes, grenadiers, rockfishes and lightfishes, comprise the bulk of the African sawtail catshark's diet. Squid and crustaceans may also be consumed. A known predator of this species is the southern African frilled shark ("Chlamydoselachus africana"). Unlike other members of its genus, the
20537547
Blacktip sawtail catshark


and two functional oviducts; a single egg matures within each oviduct at a time. The eggs are enclosed in purse-shaped, translucent golden brown capsules measuring about long and across. The surface of the capsule is smooth and unlined; there are coiled tendrils on the anterior corners and bundles of long fibers on the posterior corners. Half of all males and females are sexually mature at and long respectively. A known parasite of this species is the tapeworm "Nakayacestus tanyderus". In Taiwanese waters, blacktip sawtail catsharks of most
20537575
Dwarf sawtail catshark


found on or near the bottom over the upper continental slope at a depth of , barring a single record from a depth of on the outer continental shelf. Reaching a length of , the dwarf sawtail catshark has a slim, firm body and a distinctively short, rounded snout. The nostrils are divided by triangular flaps of skin on their anterior rims. The horizontally oval eyes are placed somewhat high on the head, and equipped with rudimentary nictitating membranes (protective third eyelids). There are low ridges beneath the eyes, and
20537597
Galeus


("G. piperatus"). In the western Indian Ocean, this genus appears to be replaced by the ecologically similar genus "Holohalaelurus". Sawtail catsharks are demersal in habits and occur in deep water over outer continental and insular shelves and upper slopes. Sawtail catsharks reach maximum lengths of between . They have slender, firm bodies and narrow, slightly flattened heads with short to long, pointed snouts. The nostrils are divided into incurrent and excurrent openings by triangular flaps of skin on their anterior rims. The horizontally oval eyes
9640769
Garrick's catshark


Garrick's catshark ("Apristurus garricki") is a species of shark in the Scyliorhinidae family found in the waters of New Zealand. Its natural habitat is the open seas. The new deep-water catshark, "Apristurus garricki", is described from the waters of northern New Zealand. This species is named in honour of Dr. Jack Garrick. The IUCN Red List classifies the Garrick's catshark as being of least concern. The New Zealand Department of Conservation has classified the Garrick's catshark as "Data deficient" under
21354255
Atlantic sawtail catshark


saddles and blotches along the back and tail, and a prominent crest of enlarged dermal denticles along the dorsal edge of the caudal fin. It differs subtly from "G. melastomus" in characters including snout length, caudal peduncle depth, and the color of the furrows at the corner of its mouth. Reproduction in the Atlantic sawtail catshark is oviparous, with females carrying multiple maturing eggs at once. Mating and spawning occur year-round. This species is caught incidentally by commercial deepwater fisheries throughout its range, but the impact of
20321193
Atlantic sawtail catshark


Sea, to as far as Cabo de Gata in southwestern Spain. It is most abundant in the center of the Alborán Sea, and around Isla de Alborán. This species has been recorded a few times off Morocco and once off Mauritania; it may be extremely rare or mistaken for "G. melastomus" in the region. Its total range has been estimated to encompass , about evenly divided between the northeastern Atlantic and the western Mediterranean. Demersal in nature, the Atlantic sawtail catshark inhabits the continental slope at a depth of ,
20321196
Australian sawtail catshark


This species is grayish above and light below. Dorsally, there are 12–13 variegated dark saddles or bands along the body and tail, including three saddles before the dorsal fins that are separated by narrow bands. The saddles are highlighted by a lighter edge, and may contain white flecks. The dorsal and pectoral fins are dark at the bases and light at the margins. Widely distributed off southern Australia, the Australian sawtail catshark has been found from Carnarvon in Western Australia to Noosa in Queensland, including all of Tasmania. This abundant
20536882
Broadfin sawtail catshark


, perhaps to reduce interspecific competition. Reproduction in the broadfin sawtail catshark is oviparous; adult females have a single functional ovary, on the right, and two functional oviducts. Only a single egg may mature within each oviduct at a time. The egg case is vase-shaped and measures roughly long and across, with thick, opaque, brown walls bearing fine, lengthwise grooves; the top of the case is squared off, while the bottom is rounded with a short membraneous projection. Females lay eggs throughout the year,
20537340
African sawtail catshark


disappear by the time they are long. Near-term fetuses weigh over twice as much as eggs, suggesting some form of secondary maternal provisioning during gestation. The newborns measure long. Males and females reach sexual maturity at and long respectively. There is intensive fishing activity in the shallower portions of the African sawtail catshark's distribution, where it is caught incidentally in bottom trawls. Landed sharks may be marketed for human consumption or processed into fishmeal. Because this species is largely protected from fishing pressure in deeper water, and the
20537549
Blacktip sawtail catshark


slightly overlapping dermal denticles, which are leaf-shaped with a median ridge and three marginal teeth. A crest of enlarged denticles is present along the upper edge of the caudal fin. This species is a uniform ochre above and white below, with distinctive dark brown tips on the dorsal and caudal fins; the interior of the mouth is light gray. Reproduction in the blacktip sawtail catshark is oviparous and proceeds throughout the year, without well-defined seasonal patterns. Adult females have a single functional ovary, on the right,
20537574
Australian sawtail catshark


and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) researchers Daniel Gledhill, Peter Last, and William White resurrected "Figaro", with "F. boardmani" as the type species. Whitley regarded sharks from the Great Australian Bight as representing a distinct subspecies, "F. b. socinus", which has not been recognized by subsequent authors. However, individuals from different portions of its range do exhibit minor differences in morphology and coloration, which merit further study. The maximum known length of the Australian sawtail catshark is . Its slender body is firm
20536878
Australian sawtail catshark


thick. Males and females attain sexual maturity at roughly and long respectively. The Australian sawtail catshark is a frequent incidental catch of bottom trawl commercial fisheries operating throughout its range, including the Western Australian Deep Water Trawl Fishery, the South East Trawl Fishery, and the Queensland East Coast Trawl Fishery. It may be retained and utilized, but is more commonly discarded; the survival rate of discarded sharks is unknown. This species remains widespread and common, and fishing activities do not appear to pose a substantial threat to its population at
20536884
Slender sawtail catshark


a faint darker blotch over each flank. The inner lining of the mouth is dark gray. Apparently rare, the slender sawtail catshark has been collected from off Cape Cuvier and Port Hedland in Western Australia, off Melville Island off Northern Territory, and off Cape York in Queensland. It may also be present in eastern Indonesian waters. It is unknown whether these scattered records represent separate populations or a single continuous population. Demersal in nature, this shark inhabits the continental slope at a depth of . Virtually nothing is known of the
20537120
Broadfin sawtail catshark


found in the northwestern Pacific from Sagami Bay off southeastern Honshu, Japan to the East China Sea, including the Ryukyu Islands and the Kyushu-Palau Ridge. It is reportedly common in Japanese waters. This demersal species has been recorded from water between deep. Attaining a maximum known length of , the broadfin sawtail catshark has a slim, firm body and a head comprises less than one-fifth of the total length. The snout is rather long, flattened, and pointed, with large nostrils that bear triangular skin flaps on
20537334
African sawtail catshark


African sawtail catshark is aplacental viviparous, with females retaining eggs internally until they hatch. There is apparently no defined breeding season, and mating and birthing occur throughout the year. Adult females have two functional uteruses and produce litters of up to 12 young; litter size increases with female size. The developing embryos are initially sustained an external yolk sac, and emerge from the egg at between long. Pigmentation begins to develop at an embryonic length of . At around long, the embryos have well-developed external gills, which largely
20537548
Coral catshark


of the most suitable shark species for private aquarists. The coral catshark is a minor bycatch of reef fisheries, with minimal commercial value. There is increasing fishing activity and extensive habitat degradation within its range, leading to concern over its population and its assessment as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The coral catshark was first described by an anonymous author, usually referred to English zoologist Edward Turner Bennett, in the 1830 "Memoir of the Life and Public Services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles"
10310359
African sawtail catshark


species as Least Concern. In 1953, Belgian ichthyologist Max Poll published a report on sharks and chimaeras captured during a 1948–49 Belgian oceanographic expedition off western Africa, including several seemingly ovoviviparous blackmouth catsharks ("G. melastomus"). As the blackmouth catshark is known to be oviparous, Poll's account alerted French zoologist Jean Cadenat to the presence of a distinct catshark species in the region. After examining more specimens from Senegal, Cadenat described the new species in a 1959 issue of the scientific journal "Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire
20537542
Izak catshark


producing encapsulated eggs two at a time year-round. The Izak catshark is regularly caught incidentally by a South African bottom trawl commercial fishery, but is discarded rather than utilized. Despite the fishing pressure, its population has been increasing and thus the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as Least Concern. The Izak catshark was originally described by South African ichthyologist John Gilchrist in a 1922 fisheries survey report. He assigned the new species to the genus "Scylliorhinus", and gave it the specific epithet
10727693
Blackmouth catshark


of its abundance, the blackmouth catshark forms a substantial part of the bycatch of deepwater commercial fisheries across much of its range. It has low economic value and is usually discarded, though the largest sharks may be marketed for meat and leather. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed this species under Least Concern, as there is no indication that its numbers have declined despite fishing pressure. Constantine Samuel Rafinesque briefly described the blackmouth catshark in his 1810 "Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali
20320755
Whitesaddled catshark


The whitesaddled catshark ("Scyliorhinus hesperius") is a species of catshark, and part of the family Scyliorhinidae. It is found on the upper continental slope of the western central Atlantic Ocean, off the coasts of Honduras, Panama and Colombia, between latitudes 22° N and 9° N, at depths between . It can grow to a length of . The reproduction of this catshark is oviparous but otherwise, little is known about its biology. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as "
20197815
Cloudy catshark


. These activities do not appear to have negatively affected its population, leading it to be listed under Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The original description of the cloudy catshark was published in 1908 by Shigeho Tanaka in the "Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo". He gave it the specific epithet "torazame", which is its Japanese name (虎鮫, literally "tiger shark"), and assigned it to the genus "Catulus". The type specimen
19810865
Leopard catshark


documented ambushing spawning chokka squid ("Loligo vulgaris reynaudi") within their spawning grounds. Reproduction is oviparous and proceeds year-round. Females produce rectangular, light-colored egg capsules two at a time, attaching them to structures on the sea floor. Small and harmless, the leopard catshark adapts well to captivity and is often exhibited in public aquariums. It is caught by commercial and recreational fishers as bycatch, and often killed as a pest. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed this species
10310549
Gecko catshark


, opportunistic predator of bony fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans. It is oviparous, with females producing two vase-shaped egg capsules at a time. This species is captured as bycatch, but does not appear to be threatened by fishery activities at present and has been assessed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The first known specimen of the gecko catshark, a long female caught off the Izu Peninsula of Japan, was presented to American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder by
20537065
Blackmouth catshark


there has been a negative impact of fishing pressure. However, the species remains extremely abundant in a number of areas, and survey and fishery data have not shown any evidence of overall population decline. The wide range of depths it occupies likely afford it some protection against fishing, particularly given a 2005 ban on trawling deeper than in the Mediterranean. Therefore, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed the blackmouth catshark under Least Concern. In the waters of the European Commission, fishing for this species is
20320774
Lollipop catshark


in early summer. Females have two functional ovaries and retain pairs of thin-shelled egg cases (one within each oviduct) within their bodies until they hatch. Newborns measure about long; sexual maturation is reached at a length of for males and for females. The lollipop catshark is of no significance to fisheries. It may be taken as bycatch; though the depths at which it occupies may offer some protection from fishing pressure. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently lacks the information to assess it beyond
9640901
Figaro (genus)


Figaro is a genus of catshark, and part of the family Scyliorhinidae. Until 2008, Figaro was generally considered to be a subgenus of "Galeus" (sawtail catsharks). The two known species are found off Australia, inhabiting deep, offshore waters on or near the bottom. "Figaro" contains small, slender, firm-bodied sharks that bear distinctive crests of enlarged, spiny dermal denticles along the dorsal and ventral edges of their short caudal fins. The caudal peduncle is relatively long, such as that the anal
12588705
Galeus


Galeus is a genus of catshark, belonging to the family Scyliorhinidae, commonly known as sawtail catsharks in reference to a distinctive saw-toothed crest of enlarged dermal denticles, found along the upper edges of their caudal fins. They are found in the Atlantic, the western and central Pacific, and the Gulf of California, inhabiting deep waters at or close to the sea floor. Members of this genus are rather small, slim sharks with firm bodies and thick, rough skin. Their heads are usually fairly long and pointed,
9640760
Slender catshark


each end. The slender catshark is a little studied shark and the IUCN has rated it as "Data Deficient" in its Red List of Threatened Species. The population size and trend is unknown but the shark has a limited range and may be vulnerable to pollution in the Amazon River water. It is sometimes caught as bycatch by artisan fishermen while they are trawling for shrimps and other commercially fished catsharks. It is possible that it is increasingly being targeted by fishermen, and if this is the case, the IUCN would be
19756590
Leopard catshark


and hardiness. The aquarium trade supports a minor fishery that targets the two "Poroderma" species. This shark is regularly caught incidentally by commercial and recreational fishers, and almost invariably discarded despite being edible. Nevertheless, fishing mortality is likely to be high as many fishers using line gear make a point to kill hooked sharks, seeing them as pests that "steal" bait. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently lacks sufficient information to assess the leopard catshark beyond Data Deficient, though notes that its inshore
10310565
Antilles catshark


is contained within a flask-shaped capsule measuring around long, across the top, and across the bottom; there are coiled tendrils at the upper two corners. Males and females attain sexual maturity at approximately and long respectively. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed the Antilles catshark under Data Deficient, as there is little known of deepwater fishery activities within its range. It is perhaps too small to be captured by some types of fishing gear, though its limited distribution means any increased fishing within its
20320694
Phallic catshark


the RV "Alis" off New Caledonia on March 30, 1994. Within the genus, this species most closely resembles the slender sawtail catshark ("G. gracilis"). "Galeus priapus" is a demersal species that has been recorded from a depth of on the slopes of seamounts and submarine ridges off New Caledonia, between the Loyalty Islands and the Norfolk Ridge, as well as from a depth of off Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu. "Galeus priapus" is a firm-bodied, very slim shark that reaches
6309509
Broadfin sawtail catshark


an opportunistic predator known to consume a wide variety of bony fishes (including "Sardinops melanostictus", "Glossandon semifasciatus", "Chlorophthalmus albatrossis" and lanternfishes), cephalopods (including sepiolid and enoploteuthid squid), and crustaceans (including isopods, krill, and decapods). Young sharks exhibit greater variation in diet across seasons than immature and mature sharks, which consistently feed predominantly on fish. The dietary composition of young sharks in Suruga Bay differs from that of the co-occurring gecko catshark ("G. eastmani")
20537339
Shortnose demon catshark


The shortnose demon catshark ("Apristurus internatus") is a catshark of the family Scyliorhinidae found only in deep water in the East China Sea. Its length is up to 40 cm. "A. internatus" is known only from the holotype (a 49.1-cm-total length female) and a paratype (a 40.3-cm male), both caught in the East China Sea, probably taken as bycatch in deepwater trawl fisheries. Insufficient information is available to assess this species' conservation status. The reproduction of this catshark is oviparous.
20874300
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada


in Canada) and 15 wildlife species that are Extinct (X). The other category is not at risk (NAR). COSEWIC provides online updated status reports on designated species. COSEWIC bases its quantitative criteria for species' status assessment on the revised IUCN Red List, the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. COSEWIC provides International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's main authority on the conservation status of species, with a Regional Red List. IUCN.
2828846
Pygmy ribbontail catshark


the sizes at maturity of the spined pygmy shark ("Squaliolus laticaudus") and the dwarf lanternshark ("Etmopterus perryi"), ranking the pygmy ribbontail catshark among the world's smallest sharks. Due to the difficulties involved in assessing reproductive maturity in sharks, whether one of these species is truly smaller than the others cannot yet be definitively determined. Pygmy ribbontail catsharks are captured incidentally in bottom trawls off the Philippines, but are not known to be utilized. Its conservation status has not been evaluated by the International Union
9640152