Boniface of Valperga [SEP] canonization status
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Boniface of Valperga


Boniface of Valperga (Italian: "Bonifacio di Valperga") (died 25 April 1243), venerated as a blessed in the Catholic Church, was a thirteenth-century Bishop of Aosta. Boniface was born in the second half of the twelfth century into a noble family of the Canavese which claimed descent from Arduino d’Ivrea. He was educated at home and subsequently by his uncle Arduino, Bishop of Turin. He entered the religious life as a monk at the Benedictine abbey of Fruttuaria, about twenty kilometres north of Turin.
14027485
Boniface of Valperga


Subsequently, he entered the Augustinian monastery of Sant’Orso at Aosta where, having been made Prior in 1210, he exerted a vigorous leadership in both the spiritual and temporal realms. On 17 July 1219 Boniface was made Bishop of Aosta, an office which he retained until his death nearly 24 years later on 25 April 1243. He was entombed first in the collegiate church of Sant’Orso; then his remains were translated to the cathedral of Aosta. His "cultus" developed rapidly, and his veneration as a “blessed” remained steady
14027486
Agbang Conventual Priory


the presence of Archabbot Notker. On November 9, 1991, the new foundation at Agbang was canonically erected. This same day, Frère Boniface professed his solemn vows. In 1992, the Monastery of the Incarnation was raised to the status of a simple priory. Frère Boniface, by then ordained to the priesthood, became the community's first prior. In 2004, the monastery was raised to the status of a conventual priory. As of May 18, 2011, 18 solemnly professed monks (4 of them priests) resided
16478628
List of Frankish synods


, have what can be called "conciliar status," that is, they were convoked by a monarchical authority. Especially in the Frankish church the great number of conciliar canons is evidence of the close relationship between the rulers and the church. By the eighth century, however, the regular organization of synods had largely disappeared, and when Boniface complained to Pope Zacharias in 742 that there hadn't been a synod in the Frankish church in at least eighty years, he was not exaggerating by much. Boniface's Concilium Germanicum was
19455222
Pope Boniface VIII


by two monks of his order. Boniface VIII is occasionally discussed in academic literature as possibly implicated in the demise of his predecessor. In 1300, Boniface VIII formalized the custom of the Roman Jubilee, which afterwards became a source of both profit and scandal to the church. Boniface VIII founded Sapienza University of Rome in 1303. In the field of canon law Boniface VIII had considerable influence. Earlier collections of canon law had been codified in the "Decretales Gregorii IX", published under the authority of Pope Gregory IX in 1234
4463335
Libellus responsionum


Pope Gregory I. Boniface had specific concerns about the wording of the "Libellus". At least three versions of the "Libellus" were circulating on the Continent during Boniface's lifetime, all of these within collections of canonical and penitential documents. Boniface is known to have encountered (perhaps even helped produce) at least one canon law collection — the "Collectio canonum vetus Gallica" — that included the "Q/A" version of the "Libellus", and it is also possible that he knew of the "Collectio
19472285
Pope Boniface VIII


intervention in "temporal" affairs, led to many bitter quarrels with Albert I of Germany, Philip IV of France, and Dante Alighieri, who wrote his treatise "De Monarchia" to dispute Boniface's claims of papal supremacy and placed the pope in the Eighth Circle of Hell in his "Divine Comedy", among the simoniacs. Boniface systematized canon law by collecting it in a new volume, "Liber Sextus" (1298), which continues to be important source material for canon lawyers. He organized the first Catholic
4463313
Valperga (novel)


Valperga: or, the Life and Adventures of Castruccio, Prince of Lucca is an 1823 historical novel by the Romantic novelist Mary Shelley, set amongst the wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines (the latter of which she spelled "Ghibeline"). Mary Shelley's original title is now the subtitle; "Valperga" was selected by her father, William Godwin, who edited the work for publication between 1821 and February 1823. His edits emphasised the female protagonist and shortened the novel. "Valperga" is a historical novel which
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Valperga (novel)


to political liberty in the face of imperialistic encroachment. She opposes Castruccio's compulsive greed for conquest with an alternative, Euthanasia's government of Valperga on the principles of reason and sensibility. In the view of "Valperga"s recent editor Stuart Curran, the work represents a feminist version of Walter Scott's new and often masculine genre, historical novel. Modern critics draw attention to Mary Shelley's republicanism, and her interest in questions of political power and moral principles. "Valperga" earned largely positive reviews, but it was judged as
1223796
Boniface del Vasto


convince Boniface del Vasto not to marry the woman, because her betrothal to his brother created a relationship of affinity between them. Boniface is sometimes said to have married Alice of Savoy, the daughter of Peter of Savoy. This is unlikely, however, since Boniface and Alice were first-cousins-once-removed (Boniface's mother Bertha and Alice's grandmother Adelaide were sisters), and thus far too closely related to be permitted to marry according to canon law. Boniface married a woman named Agnes, who is thought
821558
Uberto Coconati


canon lawyer of his day, who had been a Professor at Bologna and Paris. Nothing is known about Uberto Coconati's ecclesiastical status, except that he was an Apostolic Subdeacon. There is no evidence as to whether he proceeded to the Diaconate, the Priesthood, or the Episcopate. In November, 1257, Uberto Coconati was present in Viterbo as a witness when Cardinal Stephanus (Istvan Báncsa), Bishop of Palestrina, issued a final ruling in a dispute between the Archbishop of Canterbury, Boniface of Savoy (1241-1270
18152674
Pope Boniface IX


place Rupert, Duke of Bavaria and Rhenish Count Palatine. In 1403 Boniface IX recognized Rupert as King. In 1398 and 1399, Boniface IX appealed to Christian Europe in favor of the Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaeologus, threatened at Constantinople by Sultan Bayezid I, but there was little enthusiasm for a new crusade at such a time. Saint Birgitta of Sweden was canonized by Pope Boniface IX on 7 October 1391. The universities of Ferrara (1391) and Fermo (1398) owe him their origin, and that of Erfurt (
4463391
Regular clergy


and live in a regular canonicate, in opposition to monks who wear the monastic habit, and live in a monastery. But the "Decretals of Gregory IX", promulgated 5 September 1234, use the word "regularis" in a more general sense, in book III, ch. xxxi, which is entitled "De regularibus et transeuntibus ad religionem". However in ch. xxxv "De statu monachorum et canonicorum regularium" the distinction returns, disappearing in the corresponding book and chapter of the "Decretals of Boniface VIII
11472846
Milo of Verona


his life. Only briefly did he let it go: on 11 July 929, he and Valperga gave the "decima" of Ronco and the church dedicated to the Virgin that they had founded there to the canons of Verona in accordance with Frankish law. This was witnessed by four of his vassals. In different circumstances in 931, he took the gift back. In 930 or 931, Hugh embarked on a major reorganization of the kingdom. He appointed new loyalist counts Modena, Parma, Piacenza and Reggio. He placed
3242221
Paenitentiale Theodori


is Boniface, an Anglo-Saxon missionary and a competent canonist who work tirelessly to reform the Frankish, German and Bavarian churches in the first half of the eighth century. Boniface knew the "Paenitentiale Umbrense", for quotations of it pepper several canonical works that are attributed to him. Boniface also knew, and worked closely with, the papal document known as the "Libellus responsionum". It is no surprise, then, that the earliest manuscript witnesses of the "Paenitentiale Umbrense" transmit this text in close proximity with
16687646
Roman Catholic Diocese of Pamiers


Boniface VIII. Clement imposed a perpetual silence on the Archbishop of Toulouse and his successors. However, when Pope John XXII raised Toulouse to metropolitan status on 22 February 1318, he also extended the Diocese of Pamiers which he made suffragan of Toulouse. Before the creation of the diocese in 1295, the inhabitants of the monastery of Saint-Antonin lived as Canons Regular according to the Rule of Saint Augustine. Bishop Saisset's brief tenure did not permit him to address the matter of the organization of a cathedral Chapter or the apportioning
4765221
Collections of ancient canons


a table or list of titles, each of which is afterwards repeated before the respective canons; then come the first fifty canons of the Apostles, the canons of the Greek councils, the canons of Carthage (419), and the canons of preceding African synods under Aurelius, which had been read and inserted in the Council of Carthage. This first part of the collection is closed by a letter of Pope Boniface I, read at the same council, letters of Cyril of Alexandria and Atticus of Constantinople to the African Fathers
19756750
Libellus responsionum


to marry their aunts/uncles — an opinion that Boniface (rightly) believed Gregory would not have held. Boniface seems to have been unable to correct his misunderstanding of the meaning of the "Libellus" on this point. But this was perhaps due as much to the fact that seventh- and eighth-century canonical authorities (especially popes) so frequently conflicted on this subject, as to Boniface's own interpretative error. In a long series of letters written to subsequent bishops of Rome — Pope Gregory II, Pope Gregory III
19472290
Fritzlar


archdiocese) of Mainz by Lullus, the disciple and successor of Boniface as archbishop of Mainz. The Benedictine monastery founded by Boniface in Fritzlar in 724 gained prominence as a center of religious and worldly learning under its first abbot, Saint Wigbert, who built the original stone basilica of 732 on the site of Boniface's wooden chapel. In 782 emperor Charlemagne granted it imperial protection and substantial territory, and this triggered the rapid development of the town around it. The monastery was converted into a college of secular canons ("Chorherrenstift
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Pope Boniface VIII


, but in the succeeding sixty years, numerous legal decisions were made by one pope after another. By Boniface's time a new and expanded edition was needed. In 1298 Boniface ordered published as a sixth part (or Book) these various papal decisions, including some 88 of his own legal decisions, as well as a collection of legal principles known as the "Regulæ Juris". His contribution came to be known as the "Liber Sextus". This material is still of importance to canon lawyers or canonists today,
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Saint Boniface


Eclogues"). Three octosyllabic poems written in clearly Aldhelmian fashion (according to Andy Orchard) are preserved in his correspondence, all composed before he left for the continent. A letter by Boniface charging Aldebert and Clement with heresy is preserved in the records of the Roman Council of 745 that condemned the two. Boniface had an interest in the Irish canon law collection known as "Collectio canonum Hibernensis", and a late 8th/early 9th-century manuscript in Würzburg contains, besides a selection from the "Hibernensis",
8489866
Bérenger Fredoli


Bérenger Fredoli (Vérune, France, c. 1250 – Avignon, 11 June 1323) was a French canon lawyer and Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati. He was canon and precentor of Béziers, secular Abbot of Saint-Aphrodise in the same city, canon and archdeacon of Corbières, and canon of Aix. He later held the chair of canon law at the University of Bologna, and was appointed chaplain to Pope Celestine V, who in 1294 consecrated him Bishop of Béziers. Fredoli was one of those entrusted by Pope Boniface VIII
18405726
Pedro Rodríguez (cardinal)


Pedro Rodríguez de Quexada or Petrus Hispanus (died 20 December 1310, in Avignon) was an ecclesiastic from Castile. He was a canon of Burgos Cathedral and the chaplain of Cardinal Benedetto Caetani, who after his rise to the papacy as Pope Boniface VIII appointed Rodriguez Bishop of Burgos in 1300. Boniface VIII then established him as Cardinal-bishop of Sabina in the papal consistory of 15 December 1302. At that time, Rodriguez also received the administration of . Rodriguez and Nicola Boccasini were the only ones who remained with Pope Boniface
12737158
Libellus responsionum


only medieval personality to have ever expressed doubt about the authorship of this letter. As missionary to the Germanic peoples of Europe and legate of the papal see, Boniface spent much of his later life in Continental Europe, where he encountered many canonical traditions that were unfamiliar to the Anglo-Saxons and that appeared to Boniface out of step with his knowledge of church tradition. The "Libellus" represented one such tradition. Boniface in fact had very practical reasons for questioning the "Libellus". He had witnessed its recommendations being exploited
19472282
St. Boniface Church (Clinton, Iowa)


June 5, 1908, and it was dedicated on November 27, 1908. The structure was built by Anton Zwack of Dubuque. Two bell towers topped with spires dominate the main facade of the church. A statue of St. Boniface is in a niche above the main entrances. The exterior is composed of pressed red brick with blue Bedford stone trim. The interior features three naves. The high altar in the apse features another statue of St. Boniface in the main niche. It is decorated with light bulbs, which reflect Father
17696421
Apiarius of Sicca


Rome, and the Roman bishop shall have the business decided by judices in partibus""; was not of the Nicene Canons, but rather part of the Sardica Canons. The Bishops of Africa, not finding the statement in their copies of Nicene Canons, sought copies of the Nicene Canons from the Archbishops of Constantinople, Alexandria, and Antioch. Pope Boniface I (Term of Office: December 418 - 423) took over the appeal by Apiarius of Sicca in 418 at the death of Pope Zosimus. In 419 the Bishops
13106787
Canon law of the Catholic Church


law in his transmission of the ancient doctrines of natural law to Scholasticism. Canon law greatly increased from 1140 to 1234. After that it slowed down, except for the laws of local councils (an area of canon law in need of scholarship), and secular laws supplemented. In 1234 Pope Gregory IX promulgated the first official collection of canons, called the "Decretalia Gregorii Noni" or "Liber Extra". This was followed by the "Liber Sextus" (1298) of Boniface VIII, the "Clementines" (
22205167
Boniface Natter


dissolved in 1539 and at the restoration of the Community in 1882 only the foundations of the medieval Abbey remained. Dr Macnamara of Torquay presented the Abbot with a donation of £1000 to begin the rebuilding and work began on the West front of the Abbey. Boniface was also responsible for the restoration of the statue of Our Lady of Buckfast, which had been damaged at the time of the Reformation. This ancient statue, recovered by the Community, still retained some fragments of colour and gilding. The statue was blessed in the
14449074
Michael Tangl


of Sciences, and in 1918 was selected as member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. Tangl published two articles in "Neues Archiv" on the Boniface correspondence, articles considered "foundational" by Theodor Schieffer. They include an important discussion of the so-called Zachary exemption, a forgery in the Boniface correspondence that supported the Fulda Abbey's status as exempt from the local diocese. Of particular importance was his settling of the death date of Boniface, which he determined was 754, not 755. His edition of the Boniface
1513474
Peter of Auvergne


Peter of Auvergne (died 1304) was a French philosopher and theologian. He was a canon of Paris; some biographers have thought that he was Bishop of Clermont, because a Bull of Boniface VIII of the year 1296 names as canon of Paris a certain Peter of Croc (Cros), already canon of Clermont; but it is more likely that they are distinct. Peter of Auvergne was in Paris in 1301, and, according to several accounts, was a pupil of Thomas Aquinas. In 1279, while the various
2775915
Université de Saint-Boniface


on post-secondary education. The institution officially became the Université de Saint-Boniface in September 2011, following passage of the Université de Saint-Boniface Act. Despite its new university status, USB continues to be affiliated with the University of Manitoba, which it helped establish in 1877. Enshrined in the "Université de Saint-Boniface Act", the affiliation with the University of Manitoba has valuable benefits for USB staff and students, and USB was committed to preserving this special 135-year-old relationship. University degrees continue to
4724178
Saint Boniface


story by Henry van Dyke, "The First Christmas Tree". The earliest "Life" of Boniface was written by a certain Willibald, an Anglo-Saxon priest who came to Mainz after Boniface's death, around 765. Willibald's biography was widely dispersed; Levison lists some forty manuscripts. According to his lemma, a group of four manuscripts including Codex Monacensis 1086 are copies directly from the original. Listed second in Levison's edition is the entry from a late ninth-century Fulda document: Boniface's status as
8489858
Saint Boniface Cathedral


Canada has documented the stained glass at St Boniface Cathedral. Notable people buried in the cathedral cemetery include: The remains of Chief One Arrow were interred at the cemetery from his death in the 1880s until August 2007, when his body was exhumed and sent to One Arrow First Nation in Saskatchewan. The Cathedral faces the Red River. Nearby is Esplanade Riel, Provencher Bridge, Provencher Park, Tache Promenade, Verendrye Park, the Université de Saint-Boniface and the Saint-Boniface Museum. In Verendrye Park is a statue of
4724252
Gregory Bicskei


incumbent Archbishop of Esztergom, personally wrote a letter to Pope Boniface VIII in order to confirm Bicskei's election. The document was part of the letter collection of Pietro della Vigna. As Lodomer reported in the letter, Bicskei, who "was of great origin and had proficiency in canon law", was unable to make a personal journey to Rome because of the "poverty of the church [Székesfehérvár]" and the "intrigues of his relatives". As a result, the archbishop requested Boniface to let Bicskei to maintain
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Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception


Italy, Peru (where a mission was established in 1905), England (where the community has been present since 1932), Brazil, the United States, and Canada, the first mission of the congregation, established in 1891 at Nomingue in Ottawa and at St. Boniface, Manitoba. There were four establishments in the Diocese of Ottawa, six in that of St. Boniface, two in Saskatchewan and one in Prince Albert, a community was composed of eight priests and major clerics, and of about as many scholastics, postulants
10704292
Édouard Gagnon


and canon law at the Grand Seminary from 1945 to 1954. He joined the Knights of Columbus in 1950 and was a member of St. Boniface Council 3158 in Manitoba. He was rector of the major seminary of Saint Boniface from 1954 to 1960, and then director of the major seminary in Manizales, Colombia. Gagnon was elected Provincial of the Society of Saint-Sulpice for Canada, Japan and Latin America. During this time, he also acted as a peritus (theologian advisor and consultant) during the Second Vatican Council,
10046208
Alternative theories of the location of Great Moravia


who belongs to the ecclesiastical order, is to be ordained without title, unless the one ordained is specially assigned to a city or village church or to a martyr's shrine or a monastery". Maddalena Betti says that Boba's argumentation, which is based on canons from the 4th and , is "problematic". Methodius's career followed the pattern set up for earlier medieval missionaries, including Willibrord-Clement and Wynfrith-Boniface. Wynfrith-Boniface started his missions as a simple priest; he was then ordained a missionary
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Pope Gregory III


much help as they could. A second was addressed to the nobles and people of Germany, urging them to obey Boniface. A third, addressed to the bishops in Alamannia and Bavaria, confirmed Boniface’s status as the papal "vicarus", ordering them to assemble in a council twice a year at Augsburg under Boniface’s authority. Gregory promoted the mission of Willibald in Germany. In 732, Gregory banned the consumption of horse meat, both domestic and wild, anathematizing it as an "abomination" since it was associated
4625411
Azalaïs of Montferrat


, in case her marriage (like that of her sister Agnes) should need to be annulled for reasons of sterility. Like her brother Boniface, Azalaïs was a patron of troubadours. She is mentioned in Peire Vidal's song, "Estat ai gran sazo": and is the dedicatee of his "Bon' aventura don Dieus als Pizas". Around 1192, she had built the church of San Lorenzo, which she granted to the canons of San Lorenzo in Oulx; her eldest son, Boniface, named after her
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Henry of Newark


of Buckland Dinan between 30 January and 2 February 1293 and also prebend of London by 28 September 1294 and a canon of Southwell. Henry was elected Archbishop of York on 7 May 1296, but failed to go to Pope Boniface VIII and was consequently deprived of office. However, Boniface reinstated Henry to please King Edward I and Henry was consecrated 15 June 1298. In 1297, Henry led the clergy of his diocese in approving King Edward's request for a tax on clerical incomes, in contrast to the behaviour of the bishops
17457121
Robert de Pontigny


(Treasurer) of the College of Cardinals from 3 January 1298 to 9 October 1305. Under Pope Boniface he was appointed Auditor (judge) in the case between the Bishop of Amiens and the Dean and Canons of the Cathedral; the case dragged on, without resolution, through the reign of Benedict XI. Pope Boniface died in the Vatican Palace on October 11, 1303, thirty-five days after the assault against him at Anagni, led by the French chancellor Guillaume de Nogaret and the two Colonna ex-cardinals.
2770340
Unam sanctam


to the state, he recognized that the clergy themselves must evaluate the justice of a claim for aid. At the same time, Boniface was contending with a suspiciously convenient uprising in Rome by the staunchly Ghibelline (pro-emperor) Colonna family. In July 1297 Boniface issued the bull "Etsi de statu" which was essentially a retrenchment from his position the previous year, in "Clericis laicos". "Etsi de statu" allowed the taxation of clerical property by lay authorities in cases of emergency. Determination of what constituted
14984690
Collections of ancient canons


acme of Anglo-Saxon canonical scholarship―exemplified from the seventh to late eighth century by such figures as Wilfrid, Ecgberht, Boniface, and Alcuin―seems to have ended sometime in the ninth century, probably as a result of the devastation of the Viking raids, which inflicted heavy losses upon England’s material and intellectual culture. In England, interest in and the manuscript resources necessary to carry out the study of Continental canonical sources would never again under the Anglo-Saxons reach the level they had attained in the first two hundred years of the
19756771
Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England


proposed by D.P. Kirby. Kirby points out that Boniface's letter to Æthelburg makes it clear that the news of Eadbald's conversion is recent, and that it is unthinkable that Boniface would not have been kept up to date on the status of Eadbald's conversion. Hence Eadbald must have been converted by Justus, as is implied by Boniface's letter to Justus. The pallium accompanying that letter indicates Justus was archbishop by that time, and the duration of Mellitus's archiepiscopate means that even if Bede's dates are somewhat wrong in
18657203
Antipope Boniface VII


the reign of Boniface VII, however, on July 20, 985, he suddenly died. It is possible that he was murdered, but it cannot be confirmed by any known sources. It is clear that there was certainly a sense from the public of disgust at his reign, as his body was dragged through the streets, stripped naked until it was left beneath Marcus Aurelius's statue in front of the Lateran Palace. There were undoubtedly many atrocities that Boniface committed in the eleven months he was in power in 984–985
4463309
St. Boniface Catholic Church (Sioux City, Iowa)


, and a rounded apse on the east elevation. The 66 stained glass windows in the church include round-arch widows and a rose window. They were produced in Munich, Germany in 1910. The interior features a rib vaulted ceiling that rises above the floor. The original wood altars were carved by a Franciscan brother. Statues of St. Boniface and St. Patrick are located on the high altar, while statues of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Joseph are on the side altars. A social hall is located in the basement
21713674
Mary Shelley


. Their Italian years were a time of intense intellectual and creative activity for both Shelleys. While Percy composed a series of major poems, Mary wrote the novel "Matilda", the historical novel "Valperga", and the plays "Proserpine" and "Midas". Mary wrote "Valperga" to help alleviate her father's financial difficulties, as Percy refused to assist him further. She was often physically ill, however, and prone to depressions. She also had to cope with Percy's interest in other women,
20989137
Paenitentiale Theodori


the "Libellus responsionum", Pope Gregory II's letter for Boniface beginning "Desiderabilem mihi", the "Half Form" of the "Paenitentiale Umbrense", the canons of the council of Rome in 721, and the canons of the council of Rome in 595) are likely a copy — modified with the help of a "Collectio Hispana" of either the Gallican or Pseudo-Isidorian form — of fols 128–266 of P. Although P is above classified as a "Collectio canonum Sancti Amandi" witness, and although it
16687655
Fort Ricasoli


The new fort would have been also called Fort St. Angelo, and would be manned with the garrison of the old fort. He drew up plans for the proposed fort, but they were never implemented. In 1669, fears of an Ottoman attack rose after the fall of Candia, and the following year Grand Master Nicolas Cotoner invited Antonio Maurizio Valperga, the military engineer of the House of Savoy, to improve Malta's fortifications. Valperga designed a new fort to be built on the headland, and despite some criticism from within
13194283
Rivara


New Castle. The Old Castle dates from the Middles Ages, and it belonged to the Counts of Valperga. It has kept two towers, one of which is crenellated and features several brick Gothic windows. The New Castle underwent a lot of refurbishment work over the centuries until 1796, when the House of the Counts of Valperga-Rivara became extinct. The new wing that was added in 1835 transformed the building into a rectangular building with a centrally positioned tower. The castle acquired its current appearance when architect Alfredo d'Andrade modified its
16045401
Floriana Lines


again after the fall of Candia in 1669, and the following year Grand Master Nicolas Cotoner invited the military engineer Antonio Maurizio Valperga to improve the fortifications. At the time the Floriana Lines were still under construction, and a number of weak points had been identified in their original design, especially since the demi-bastions forming the two extremities of the land front were too acute and could not be well defended. Valperga attempted to correct these flaws by making a number of alterations to San Salvatore Bastion on the western end of the
16782878
Valperga (novel)


relates the adventures of the early fourteenth-century despot Castruccio Castracani, a real historical figure who became the lord of Lucca and conquered Florence. In the novel, his armies threaten the fictional fortress of Valperga, governed by Countess Euthanasia, the woman he loves. He forces her to choose between her feelings for him and political liberty. She chooses the latter and sails off to her death. Through the perspective of medieval history, Mary Shelley addresses a live issue in post-Napoleonic Europe, the right of autonomously governed communities
1223795
Congregation of Windesheim


made. The first of these were Marienborn near Arnhem and Niewlicht near Hoorn (1392). The congregation was approved and received certain privileges from Pope Boniface IX in 1395. Their constitutions, added to the Rule of St. Augustine, were approved by Pope Martin V at the Council of Constance. Unlike other congregations of canons regular, those of Windesheim followed a monastic life as if they were an enclosed religious order, but they were not. The life of the canons was strict, but not over-severe. A postulant
115763
Canon law of the Catholic Church


millennium of development had become a complex and difficult system of interpretation and cross-referencing. The official collections were the "Liber Extra" (1234) of Pope Gregory IX, the "Liber Sextus" (1298) of Boniface VIII and the "Clementines" (1317), prepared for Clement V but published by John XXII. These were addressed to the universities by papal letters at the beginning of each collection, and these texts became textbooks for aspiring canon lawyers. In 1582 a compilation was made of the Decretum,
22205169
Merveldt family


was later also established in Courland (now western Latvia). Numerous members of the family remained in the service of the Prince-Bishops of Münster and were canons in the Münster Cathedral. Later, they also appeared in the cathedral chapters of Hildesheim, Osnabrück and Paderborn. In St. Mauritz (now in the east side of Münster) and Xanten they were canons. Female members of the family performed as canonesses in "Kanonissenstift" (secular nunnery) Überwasser in Münster, Borghorst and the St. Boniface Frauenstift (secular nunnery)
4138656
Branda da Castiglione


of Pavia, where he received a doctorate in civil and canon law in the academic year 1388/89 and then taught canon law at the University, supported by Galeazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan. In 1389 Gian Galeazzo Visconti sent him to Rome to the papal court of Boniface IX, entrusted with obtaining papal privileges for the University of Pavia, of authorization to teach theology and to enjoy the same conditions as the University of Bologna and that of Paris. Branda's abilities were quickly recognized in Rome. At the same time he was
13952563
Børglum Abbey


' which recounts the murder of Bishop of Borglum, Oluf Glob, and several companions by his nephew, Jens Glob, in front of the altar at Hvidebjerg Church on Thy Island in 1206. There are several exchanges of letters between the Bishop of Vendsyssel and several popes regarding the white woollen habit that was the required dress for Premonstratensian canons. In May 1403, Pope Boniface IX gave dispensation to the canons at Børglum to alter their white habits to black, brown or any other dark color, due to the abbey's "
15979547
Roman Catholic Diocese of Reggio Emilia-Guastalla


request of Azzo d'Este, Lord of Reggio, they unanimously elected Fra Giovannino dei Melonelli, O.Min. The Minister General of the Franciscans, however, refused to sanction the election, and Pope Boniface VIII therefore quashed the election. The Pope then nominated Matteo Visconti, a Canon of the cathedral of Milan, who refused the election. Finally, on 3 April, in a public consistory, the Pope proposed the name of Enrico de Casalorci, who was a Canon of the cathedral of Cremona. His appointment was published at the
18327985
Eric of Brandenburg


Eric of Brandenburg ( – 21 December 1295) was Archbishop of Magdeburg from 1283 until his death. Eric was a younger son of Margrave John I of Brandenburg. From an early age, he was destined for a career in the clergy. In the 1360s and 1370s, he appears in documents as canon and dean of the Monastery St. Boniface and St. Maurice in Halberstadt. His brothers, the Margraves of Brandenburg, tried, undoubtedly for political reasons, to have him appointed as canon and later as archbishop in Magdeburg. On
20141638
Saint Ingrid of Skänninge


death. After her death in 1282, Ingrid's remains became object of veneration and pilgrimages to her convent. She was, however, not formally recognized by the Pope as a saint. When her relative, Bridget of Sweden, was formally canonized by Pope Boniface IX on 7 October 1391, it caused a need to have Ingrid recognized as a saint as well. At the Council of Costance, an application was made for the cause of her canonization. In 1499, Pope Alexander VI agreed to a translation of her remains
21070162
Codification (law)


canon law spanned the eight centuries since Gratian produced his "Decretum" c. 1150. In the 13th century especially canon law became the object of scientific study, and different compilations were made by the Roman Pontiffs. The most important of these were the five books of the "Decretales Gregorii IX" and the "Liber Sextus" of Boniface VIII. The legislation grew with time. Some of it became obsolete, and contradictions crept in so that it became difficult in recent times to discover what was of obligation and where to find
4057918
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Albi


had once lived under the rule of Saint Augustine, since perhaps the 11th century. Bishop Frotardus, at some point before his deposition in 1075, carried out a reform of the cathedral Chapter, complaining of the greed, lack of chastity, and neglect of duty of the Canons. Most of the Canons returned to their duty. the document attesting to the reform mentions two Sacristans, Capiscolaris (Cantor), a Treasurer, and a Dean. A Provost is also mentioned under Frotardus. Pope Boniface VIII, in a bull
5912983
1917 Code of Canon Law


spanned the eight centuries since Gratian produced his "Decretum" c. 1150. In the 13th century especially canon law became the object of scientific study, and different compilations were made by the Roman Pontiffs. The most important of these were the five books of the "Decretales Gregorii IX" and the "Liber Sextus" of Boniface VIII. The legislation grew with time. Some of it became obsolete, and contradictions crept in so that it became difficult in recent times to discover what was of obligation and where to find the law
10017237
Jean Lemoine


Jean Lemoine, Jean Le Moine, Johannes Monachus (born 1250 at Crécy-en-Ponthieu, died 22 August 1313 at Avignon) was a French canon lawyer, Cardinal, bishop of Arras and papal legate. He served Boniface VIII as representative to Philip IV of France, and founded the Collège du Cardinal Le Moine, in Paris. He is the first one to formulate the legal principle of the presumption of innocence. He was awarded degrees in canon law and theology by the University of Paris. He then became a
14114852
François de Tournon


under the tutelage of Abbot Theodore Mitte de S. Chamond (1495-1527). In due course, François de Tournon became Preceptor of the monastery, and then became the 21st Abbot of the Order of S. Antoine in 1542, a position which he continued to hold until 1555. By command of Pope Boniface VIII (1295-1303) the members of the Order of S. Antoine followed the Rule of S. Augustine and were considered Canons Regular of S. Augustine (CRSA). François was Canon of Avignon, when he was
14333090
Otto III of Hachberg


his second wife, Anne of Freiburg-Neuchâtel. Already in 1403, when he was just 15 years old, he was mentioned as a canon in Basel. Pope Boniface IX recommended his appointment. This was probably a reward for Otto's father, Margrave Rudolf III, who had changed sides and supported Bonifact IX in Rome, against Antipope Benedict XIII in Avignon. In 1404, Otto III enrolled at the University of Heidelberg. The entry in the register describes him as a canon of Basel and Cologne and a cleric of
1842165
Collectiones canonum Dionysianae


twenty-one of Innocent I, one of Zozimus, four of Boniface I, three of Celestine I, seven of pope Leo I, one of Gelasius I and one of Anastasius II. The additions met with in Voel and Justel are taken from inferior manuscripts. Shortly after the year 500, during the pontificate of Pope Symmachus (498–514), Dionysius collected and translated into Latin the canons of the major eastern councils, including the so-called "Canones apostolorum", the decrees of the councils of Nicaea (325
2944416
Giacomo Gaetani Stefaneschi


in order that he should study canon and civil law. He was highly esteemed by Pope Celestine V, who made him canon of St. Peter's and auditor of the Rota. He was created cardinal-deacon of the titular Church of San Giorgio in Velabro on 17 December 1295, by Pope Boniface VIII, who also sent him as legate to Cesena, Forlì, Faenza and Bologna in 1296, to suppress civil disturbances. Pope John XXII appointed him protector of the Minorites, 23 July 1334. He was never ordained priest
145789
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974


policy reason would exist to not shield SEP IRAs, but many financial planners argue that a rollover (or direct transfer) from a SEP IRA to a "rollover IRA" would give those funds protected status, too. Portions of ERISA are codified in various places of the United States Code, including , and Internal Revenue Code sections and (relating to the Individual Retirement Account) and sections through , and , and . A cross-reference between the sections of the ERISA law and the corresponding sections in the U.S.Code can be
18827832
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy


The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) combines an online encyclopedia of philosophy with peer-reviewed publication of original papers in philosophy, freely accessible to Internet users. It is maintained by Stanford University. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles. , the "SEP" has nearly 1,600 published entries. Apart from its online status, the
3875988
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
557049
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974


, the BAPCPA amended the Bankruptcy Code, by exempting most organized retirement plans, even those not subject to ERISA, and accorded them protected status, claimable as exempt property by a debtor declaring bankruptcy under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Now, most pension plans have the same protection as an ERISA anti-alienation clause giving these pensions the same protection as a spendthrift trust. The only remaining unprotected areas are the SIMPLE IRA and the SEP IRA. The SEP IRA is functionally similar to a self-settle trust, and a sound
18827831
Byzantine Papacy


Byzantine papacy). Boniface III was able to obtain an imperial proclamation declaring Rome as "the head of all the churches" (reaffirming Justinian I's naming the pope "the first among all the priests"), a decree Phocas intended as much to humiliate the Patriarch of Constantinople as exalt the pope. Phocas had a gilded statue of himself erected on a monumental column in the Roman Forum only three weeks after Boniface III's consecration, and in 609 by "iussio" authorized the conversion of the Pantheon into a Christian
10415129
Ragyndrudis Codex


The Ragyndrudis Codex ("Codex Bonifatianus II") is an early medieval codex of religious texts, now in Fulda in Germany, which is closely associated with Saint Boniface, who, according to tradition, used it at the time of his martyrdom to ward off the swords or axes of the Frisians who killed him on 5 June 754 near Dokkum, Friesland. This long association has given the codex the status of a contact relic. The earliest source considered as evidence for a connection between the eighth-century codex and Boniface
13991435
Gregory Bicskei


Boniface, in which proposed that a consensual person fill the dignity. In response, Boniface warned his legate that he exceeded his powers, and preserved the personal selection of the archbishop for himself. The pope insisted on Bicskei, but he intended to maintain the "status quo" and did not confirm his 1298 election. Bicskei stayed in the royal camp, when Charles laid siege to Buda, the capital of the kingdom, in September 1302, but Ivan Kőszegi relieved the siege. When Bicskei issued a royal charter in Óbuda
17200797
Boniface of Verona


Catalans, who considered him their friend. The Battle of Halmyros shattered the "status quo" of Frankish Greece: the bulk of the Frankish nobility was dead, and the Duchy of Athens was swiftly and without much resistance taken over by the Catalans. The Catalans were now faced with the task of governing their newly won territories. Lacking a leader of sufficient social standing, at first they turned to Boniface, who was now the most important surviving Frankish noble in the whole of northern Greece, and whom they esteemed greatly;
19777086
Allemagne-en-Provence


Provence confiscated the fiefs of Boniface V. Boniface X built the Renaissance dwelling (the north-south wing) and it was completed by his son in 1545 (the east-west wing). Jeanne de Grasse added the fireplace in the main room, decorated with "gypserie" plastterwork, at the end of the 16th century for Serge Panarotto and early next century for the Countess of Chaffaut. It is decorated with statues Ronde-bosse framing a Pediment, the whole surmounted by a finely crafted Frieze. The source of inspiration
4853109
Fulda Cathedral


the choir, with the crypt of Saint Boniface beneath. The side aisles run parallel to the main aisle up to the sacristy and the Lady Chapel, which is directly adjacent to the former monastic buildings. The facade is flanked by two towers 65 metres high, the four storeys of which are clearly delineated by ledges. Sandstone statues, greater than life size, by Andreas Balthasar Weber, represent to the right Saint Sturm as abbot, with a mitre, abbot's staff and book, and to the left Saint Boniface as
6796593
Saint Boniface


Church. A famous statue of Saint Boniface stands on the grounds of Mainz Cathedral, seat of the archbishop of Mainz. A more modern rendition stands facing St. Peter's Church of Fritzlar. The UK National Shrine is located at the Catholic church at Crediton, Devon, which has a bas-relief of the felling of Thor's Oak, by sculptor Kenneth Carter. The sculpture was unveiled by Princess Margaret in his native Crediton, located in Newcombes Meadow Park. There is also a series of paintings there by Timothy Moore.
8489854
Carfin Grotto


his devotion to the Little Flower, the Canon added a statue of St. Thérèse directly across from that of Our Lady of Lourdes. The shrine's statue to St. Thérèse was erected within weeks of her beatification in Rome by Pope Pius XI on 29 April 1923, an event which the Canon attended. The decision to erect the statue was controversial. Some pilgrims expressed the view that this "new" Saint's statue should not stand in such proximity to that of the Blessed Mother. The Canon took the unusual step of collecting
6449775
Starchitect


put forward a theory about how buildings and architects achieve canonic status. He argued that a building and its architect achieve iconic or canonic status after a period when various critics and historians build up an interpretation that then becomes unquestioned for a significant period. If the text itself receives canonical status, then the status of the architect is further endorsed. For example, in the first edition of Siegfried Giedion's book "Space Time and Architecture" (1949) the Finnish architect Alvar Aalto was not mentioned at all. In the second
6506486
Louis Riel


Marcien Lemay, depicts Riel as a naked and tortured figure. It was unveiled in 1970 and stood in the grounds of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for 23 years. After much outcry (especially from the Métis community) that the statue was an undignified misrepresentation, the statue was removed and placed at the Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface. It was replaced in 1994 with a statue designed by Miguel Joyal depicting Riel as a dignified statesman. The unveiling ceremony was on 16 May 1996, in Winnipeg. A statue of Riel
18901145
Food and drink prohibitions


) to their diet and consider vegetarianism as ideal, and practice forms of vegetarianism. In some cases, the process of preparation rather than the food itself comes under scrutiny. For instance, in early medieval Christianity, certain uncooked foods were of dubious status: a penitential ascribed to Bede outlined a (mild) penance for those who ate uncooked foods, and Saint Boniface wrote to Pope Zachary (in a letter preserved in the Boniface correspondence, no. 87) asking him how long bacon would have to be cured to be
13194925
Eadbald of Kent


Eadbald's rejection of the church and subsequent conversion is quite detailed but not without some internal inconsistency. Bede's version of events is laid out as follows: Although Bede's narrative is widely accepted, an alternative chronology has been proposed by D.P. Kirby. Kirby points out that Boniface's letter to Æthelburg makes it clear that the news of Eadbald's conversion is recent, and that it is unthinkable that Boniface would not have been kept up to date on the status of Eadbald's conversion. Hence Eadbald must have been converted by
13274601
University of Manitoba


colleges that had been part of the University of Manitoba were given university status by the provincial government. United College, which had been formed by the merging of Wesley College and Manitoba College, became the University of Winnipeg, and Brandon College became Brandon University. St. Boniface College and St. John's College, two of the founding colleges of the University, are still part of the University of Manitoba. St. Boniface College is the University's only French language college; it offers instruction in French and facilities for the training of teachers
13609908
Electorate of Mainz


Moguntiacum. The first bishops before the 4th century have legendary names, beginning with Crescens. The first verifiable Bishop of Mainz was Martinus in 343. The ecclesiastical and secular importance of Mainz dates from the accession of St. Boniface to the see in 747. Boniface was previously an archbishop though without an assigned see, but that ecclesiastical status did not immediately devolve upon the see itself until his successor Lullus; during his reign Mainz became an archdiocese, in 781. Another early bishop of Mainz was Aureus of Mainz. The territory of
15047182
Boniface Wimmer


small brick church. It was here that on October 24, 1846, Father Boniface Wimmer, O.S.B., was installed as pastor of Saint Vincent Parish and founded the first Benedictine Monastery in the United States. By 1851, there were 100 professed monks at Saint Vincent. On August 24, 1855, Pope Pius IX, in his Apostolic Brief, "Inter Ceteras", elevated Saint Vincent to the status of Abbey. Within the nine years of his arrival in the United States, Wimmer had built up a strong monastic foundation
4069982
St Boniface's Catholic College


voluntary aided school administered by Plymouth City Council and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth, St Boniface's Catholic College converted to academy status on 1 April 2014. The school is now sponsored by the Catholic and Anglican Schools Trust, however the school continues to coordinate with Plymouth City Council and the Diocese of Plymouth for admissions. At GCSE the College performs above the England average and about average for Plymouth Local Authority, but at A level it is below the England average. The College motto is "Bona Facite", usually translated
7508745
Origins of the papal tiara


, is disputed. While an inventory of the papal treasures in 1295 suggests that the tiara had at that stage only one tier, Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216) is represented wearing a two tiered crown in a painting that predates Boniface. What is certain, from statues of Boniface made during his lifetime and which he saw (and so did not dispute the accuracy of), is that he wore a two-tiered tiara, so the two-tiered tiara originated no later than his reign. Two of
8340652
Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda


under the Pope. This special relationship with Rome is illustrated still today in the statue of Saint Peter that stands in the Cathedral. Because Boniface's expressly requested that his body be taken to Fulda after his death (rather than to Mainz or Utrecht), the area became a popular destination for pilgrims. Boniface, along with Sturm, were named the patron saints of the monastery and later of the diocese. Through gifts and donations, the monastery's influence grew ever stronger in the following centuries. Under Rabanus Maurus in the
8383834
Frédéric Boniface


that season, helping them retain their third-tier status, and stayed on for 2001–02; his ten goals were not enough to save the team this time. He was the first of the squad to confirm he would be leaving; although disappointed at the way the season ended, he would remember Noisy as a club that gave a chance to youngsters and players from ethnic minorities, both black and those of Arab origins. At the age of 30, Boniface signed a one-year contract with Stade de Reims in May
866803
September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
5363349
Orvieto


. His successor Pope Boniface VIII (1294–1303) continued the papal tie to Orvieto. Although often criticized by historians for nepotism and greed, the Orvietans were recipients of the pope's generosity, and honored Boniface by electing him city Capitano and Podestà in 1297 and Capitano again in 1298. He built the third and final Palazzo Papale, Palazzo Soliano. He also donated statues of himself at the main city gates, which earned him some criticism from his many enemies. Benedict XI (1288–1305) was the last pope to live in
5108770
St Boniface's Catholic College


boys’ Comprehensive school at Crownhill, which then became the Grant Maintained St Boniface's Catholic College. Notre Dame High School became a state school at the same time. In 1999 the College reverted to Voluntary Aided status. On 13 October 2002 an arson attack created £100,000 of damage. Fortunately, only a temporary classroom block was destroyed. In 2007 Teachers' TV produced a programme about the use of video feedback to teachers by pupils. "Action! Pupil Video: Look What You've Started" is available for download
7508741
Dev Dham Jodhpuriya


these, bhopas of Devnarayan make figures related to his birth and his brave deeds on a Thali while dancing. Bhadra Saptami Shukla Paksha (in the Month of Aug.-Sep.) Every Year and Second Festival in the month of Magha Saptami Krishna Paksha (in the Month of Jan.-Feb.) in Every Year The temple is decorated with various statues. These include statues representing the cousins of Devnarayan, Bhuna and Mehandu, along with their half-sister, Taradey Panwar. Other statues commemorate, Sawai Bhoj, Devnarayan as a child sitting
9145737
Privilege (canon law)


conferring the status of a graduate is the granting of a privilege, in that the recipient has received a positive favour not generally enjoyed by most people, but it also acted as a dispensation with the requirements of the canon law. Still, however they were justified, in canon law, the conferral of degrees or degree status gave substantial and substantive rights and privileges, and were not merely empty honours. In the event of degree status being conferred, the recipient was not deemed to hold the degree in question, but would
14539622
Saint Mary of the Assumption Catholic Church


church in Cincinnati. As the church patroness, a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary stands in the center of the reredos. It is flanked on the left by a statue of Saint Catherine of Alexandria, and on the right by Saint Boniface. All of these statues are made of carved wood. The crucifix hanging from the dome of the apse is 10 feet wide and 12 feet long, with a symbol representing one of the four Gospels at each extremity. Created by a parishioner, it was first hung in the church
1306486
Jean René Allard


served as leader of the Union Nationale Metisse, and was a member of the Louis Riel Society and the St. Boniface Historical Society. In 1966, he proposed that a statue of Louis Riel to be erected beside that of Queen Victoria at the Manitoba legislature. This idea was approved, and the statue was unveiled in 1971. The statue depicted a corpus in the nude and was not supported by all Métis. Allard, however, was one of its strongest defenders. He first ran for the Manitoba legislature in the 1966 election
21228225
Jean René Allard


constituency of Churchill, but finished third. He did not return to politics after this. Allard chained himself to the Manitoba Legislature's statue of Louis Riel in 1994, protesting a government decision to have it demolished and replaced with a more formalized statue. "It would hurt me if they tear it down", he was quoted as saying. The protest was unsuccessful, however, and the original statue was removed to the grounds of College St. Boniface. In 2002, Allard printed an article in the Queen's University journal
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