FreeBSD [SEP] based on
[{"answer": "Berkeley Software Distribution"}]
FreeBSD


mascot. The name "FreeBSD" was coined by David Greenman on 19 June 1993, other suggested names were "BSDFree86" and "Free86BSD". FreeBSD's slogan, "The Power to Serve", is a trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation. There are a number of software distributions based on FreeBSD. Notable derivatives include: All these distributions have no or only minor changes when compared with the original FreeBSD base system. The main difference to the original FreeBSD is that they come with pre-installed and pre-configured
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ZFS


uses ZFS Pool version 28. FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE is the first FreeBSD version to use the new "feature flags" based implementation thus Pool version 5000. MidnightBSD, a desktop operating system derived from FreeBSD, supports ZFS storage pool version 6 as of 0.3-RELEASE. This was derived from code included in FreeBSD 7.0-RELEASE. An update to storage pool 28 is in progress in 0.4-CURRENT and based on 9-STABLE sources around FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE code. TrueOS (formerly known as PC-BSD) is a desktop-oriented distribution of FreeBSD, which inherits its
20163236
DesktopBSD


DesktopBSD is a Unix-derivative, desktop-oriented operating system based on FreeBSD. Its goal is to combine the stability of FreeBSD with the ease-of-use of KDE Plasma 5, which is the default graphical user interface. DesktopBSD is essentially a customized installation of FreeBSD and is not a fork of FreeBSD. DesktopBSD is always based on FreeBSD's latest stable branch but incorporates certain customized, pre-installed software such as KDE and DesktopBSD utilities and configuration files. A common misconception about DesktopBSD is that it is intended
13839840
ZFS


ZFS support. FreeNAS, an embedded open source network-attached storage (NAS) distribution based on FreeBSD, has the same ZFS support as FreeBSD and PC-BSD. ZFS Guru, an embedded open source network-attached storage (NAS) distribution based on FreeBSD. pfSense, an open source BSD based router, supports ZFS, including installation and booting to ZFS pools, as of version 2.4. NAS4Free, an embedded open source network-attached storage (NAS) distribution based on FreeBSD, has the same ZFS support
20163237
FreeNAS


version of FreeNAS to use the community-supported OpenZFS v5000 with Feature Flags. FreeNAS 9.2, based on FreeBSD 9.2 included performance improvements and introduced a REST API for remote system administration. FreeNAS 9.3, based on FreeBSD 9.3 introduced a ZFS-based boot device, an initial Setup Wizard and a high-performance in-kernel iSCSI server. FreeNAS 9.10, based on FreeBSD 10.3-RC3 brought an end to the FreeNAS/FreeBSD synchronized naming and introduced Graphite monitoring support and experimental support for the bhyve hypervisor. In October 2015, ten
10473722
FreeBSD version history


(bsdinstall), UFS journaling, ZFS version 28, userland DTrace, NFSv4-compatible NFS server and client, USB 3.0 support, support for running on the PlayStation 3, Capsicum sandboxing, and LLVM 3.0 in the base system. The kernel and base system could be built with Clang, but FreeBSD 9.0 still used GCC4.2 by default. The PlayStation 4 video game console uses a derived version of FreeBSD 9.0, which Sony Computer Entertainment dubbed "Orbis OS". FreeBSD 9.1 was released on 31 December 2012. FreeBSD 9.2 was released
6684075
FreeBSD


FreeBSD that they should also move to 4.4BSD-Lite. FreeBSD 2.0, which was released on November 1994, was the first version of FreeBSD without any code from AT&T. As a general purpose operating system, FreeBSD is used in various scenarios: FreeBSD's TCP/IP stack is based on the 4.2BSD implementation of TCP/IP which greatly contributed to the widespread adoption of these protocols. FreeBSD also supports IPv6, SCTP, IPSec, and wireless networking (Wi-Fi). The IPv6 and IPSec stacks were taken from the
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FreeBSD Foundation


The FreeBSD Foundation is a United States-based 501(c)(3) registered non-profit organization dedicated to supporting the FreeBSD project, its development and its community. Funding comes from individual and corporate donations, and is used to sponsor developers for specific activities, purchase hardware and network infrastructure and provide travel grants to developer summits. The FreeBSD Foundation is able to provide legal representation to sign contracts and agreements on behalf of the FreeBSD Project, and also holds the FreeBSD trademark and related domain names. The FreeBSD Foundation received initial 501(c)(3) charity
16981188
FreeBSD


FreeBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), which was based on Research Unix. The first version of FreeBSD was released in 1993. In 2005, FreeBSD was the most popular open-source BSD operating system, accounting for more than three-quarters of all installed BSD systems. FreeBSD has similarities with Linux, with two major differences in scope and licensing: FreeBSD maintains a complete system, i.e. the project delivers a kernel, device drivers, userland
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FreeBSD


used by many IT companies such as IBM, Nokia, Juniper Networks, and NetApp to build their product. Certain parts of Apple's Mac OS X operating system are based on FreeBSD. The PlayStation 3 operating system also borrows certain components from FreeBSD, while the PlayStation 4 operating system is derived from FreeBSD 9. Netflix, WhatsApp, and FlightAware are also examples of big, successful and heavily network-oriented companies which are running FreeBSD. 386BSD and FreeBSD were both derived from 1992's BSD release. In January 1992,
6290681
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud


. In November 2012, Windows Server 2012 support was added. Since 2006, Colin Percival, a FreeBSD developer and Security Officer, solicited Amazon to add FreeBSD. In November 2012, Amazon officially supported running FreeBSD in EC2. The FreeBSD/EC2 platform is maintained by Percival who also developed the secure deduplicating Amazon S3-cloud based backup service Tarsnap. Amazon has their own Linux distribution based on the Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux as a low cost offering known as the Amazon Linux AMI. Version 2013.03 included: An EC2 instance may
5907948
FreeBSD


software for specific use cases. This can be compared with Linux distributions, which are all binary compatible because they use the same kernel and also use the same basic tools, compilers and libraries, while coming with different applications, configurations and branding. Besides these distributions, there are some independent operating systems based on FreeBSD. DragonFly BSD is a fork from FreeBSD 4.8 aiming for a different multiprocessor synchronization strategy than the one chosen for FreeBSD 5 and development of some microkernel features. It does not aim to stay compatible with FreeBSD and
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Gentoo/Alt


, structure, and tools such as Portage and the Gentoo Linux base layout to the FreeBSD operating system. Gentoo's GNU toolchain is used instead of the original FreeBSD one. Although the project is no longer maintained by any active Gentoo developers, there are instructions that allow installation of a full Gentoo/FreeBSD system. FreeBSD system ebuilds are integrated into the main portage tree, but this port is far from being complete due to the amount of packages needing to be ported and the lack of a proper Live CD (right now
21542649
FreeBSD


ported BSD to Intel 80386-based microprocessors, and called their new operating system 386BSD. They released 386BSD via an anonymous FTP server. The development flow of 386BSD was slow and after a period of neglect, a group of 386BSD users decided to branch out on their own and create FreeBSD so that they could keep the operating system up to date. On 19 June 1993, the name FreeBSD was chosen for the project. The first version of FreeBSD was released on November 1993. In the early days of the project's inception,
6290679
FreeBSD


utilities, and documentation, as opposed to Linux only delivering a kernel and drivers, and relying on third-parties for system software; and FreeBSD source code is generally released under a permissive BSD license, as opposed to the copyleft GPL used by Linux. The FreeBSD project includes a security team overseeing all software shipped in the base distribution. A wide range of additional third-party applications may be installed using the pkg package management system or FreeBSD Ports, or by compiling source code. Due to its licensing, much of
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TrueOS


release distribution, based on the FreeBSD-CURRENT branch. On November 15, 2016, TrueOS began the transition from FreeBSD's rc.d to OpenRC as the default init system. Apart from Gentoo/Alt, where OpenRC was initially developed, this is the only other major BSD based operating system using OpenRC. In July 2018, TrueOS announced that they would spin off the desktop edition into a separate project named Project Trident. Since version 7, PC-BSD began following the same numbering system as FreeBSD. Since version 9.0,
14461708
Vinum volume manager


Vinum, is a logical volume manager, also called software RAID, allowing implementations of the RAID-0, RAID-1 and RAID-5 models, both individually and in combination. The original Vinum was part of the base distribution of the FreeBSD operating system since 3.0, and also NetBSD between 2003-10-10 and 2006-02-25, as well as descendants of FreeBSD, including DragonFly BSD; in more recent versions of FreeBSD, it has been replaced with gvinum, which was first introduced around FreeBSD 6. Vinum source code is
2550141
Wind River Systems


to quickly build industry-specific IoT solutions and integrate disparate enterprise IT systems, utilizing application programming interface (API) management. Wind River acquired the software assets of Berkeley Software Design Inc. (BSDI) in 2001. These comprised the BSD/OS operating system, plus involvement in the FreeBSD open-source project. The FreeBSD unit was divested as a separate entity in 2002 as FreeBSD Mall, Inc. Faced with competition from the open source FreeBSD and Linux-based operating systems, Wind River discontinued BSD/OS in December 2003
3987623
FreeBSD


The FreeBSD Project is run by around 500 committers, or developers who have commit access to the master source code repositories and can develop, debug or enhance any part of the system. Most of the developers are volunteers and few developers are paid by some companies. There are several kinds of committers, including source committers (base operating system), doc committers (documentation and web site authors) and ports (third party application porting and infrastructure). Every two years the FreeBSD committers select a 9-member FreeBSD Core Team who are
6290707
FreeNAS


oversaw its transfer to FreeNAS user iXsystems. Developers Daisuke Aoyama and Michael Zoon continued developing FreeNAS 7 as the NAS4Free project. Meanwhile, iXsystems rewrote FreeNAS with a new architecture based on FreeBSD 8.1, releasing FreeNAS 8 Beta in November 2010. The plug-in architecture arrived with FreeNAS 8.2 and FreeNAS versioning was synchronized with FreeBSD for clarity. FreeNAS 8.3 introduced full-disk encryption and FreeBSD 9.1-based FreeNAS 9.1 brought an updated plug-in architecture that is compatible with the TrueOS Warden jail management framework. FreeNAS 9.1 was also the first
10473721
List of BSD operating systems


active since 2014, and their websites. FreeBSD is a free Unix-like operating system descended from AT&T UNIX via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). FreeBSD currently has more than 200 active developers and thousands of contributors. Other notable derivatives include DragonFly BSD, which was forked from FreeBSD 4.8, and Apple Inc.'s Mac OS X, with its Darwin base including a large amount of code derived from FreeBSD. NetBSD is a freely redistributable, open source version of the Unix-derivative Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) computer
9164979
NextBSD


NextBSD is an operating system initially based on the trunk version of FreeBSD as of August 2015. It is a fork of FreeBSD which implements new features developed on branches but not yet implemented in FreeBSD. As of 2019 the website seems defunct, and the later commits on github date from July, 2016. The basic features of "launchd", "notifyd", "asld", and "libdispatch" work. These can be installed by cloning the NextBSD repository from GitHub, building GENERIC or MACHTEST kernels, installing a
16685166
FreeBSD jail


, independent, jailed superusers. The FreeBSD jail does not however achieve true virtualization; it does not allow the virtual machines to run different kernel versions than that of the base system. All virtual servers share the same kernel and hence expose the same bugs and potential security holes. There is no support for clustering or process migration, so the host kernel and host computer is still a single point of failure for all virtual servers. It is possible to use jails to safely test new software, but not new kernels. FreeBSD
18285993
Vinum volume manager


own HAMMER filesystem already implements network mirroring, and the codice_2 utility could be used to configure codice_2, another software RAID implementation, which originally appeared with FreeBSD 6.0 as codice_2, but was deprecated with FreeBSD 9, and removed before FreeBSD 10.0; and a NetBSD's port of Red Hat's lvm2 is also available in the base system of DragonFly as well; all in addition to vinum. The distribution of data across multiple disks can be managed by either dedicated hardware or by software. Additionally, there are hybrid RAIDs that are
2550143
/dev/random


based on Bernstein's well-regarded stream cipher ChaCha20. The given standard shell script code below uses /dev/urandom and generates Cryptmail heavily: The FreeBSD operating system provides codice_4 for compatibility but the behavior is very different from that of Linux. On FreeBSD, codice_4 is just a link to codice_1 and blocks only until properly seeded. FreeBSD's PRNG (Fortuna) reseeds regularly but does not attempt to estimate entropy. On a system with small amount of network and disk activity, reseeding is done after a fraction of a second
3963014
FreeBSD


is clearly separated from the code under liberal licenses, to make it easy for users such as embedded device manufacturers to use only permissive free software licenses. ClangBSD aims to replace some GPL dependencies in the FreeBSD base system by replacing the GNU compiler collection with the BSD-licensed LLVM/Clang compiler. ClangBSD became self-hosting on 16 April 2010. For many years FreeBSD's logo was the generic BSD Daemon, also called "Beastie", a distorted pronunciation of "BSD". However, Beastie was not unique to
6290713
IXsystems


operating system. The FreeNAS project was originally launched by third party developers in October 2005 and aimed to create an open source network attached storage system based on FreeBSD 6.0. In September 2009, the development team concluded that the project, then at release 0.7, required a complete rewrite to accommodate modern features such as a plug-in architecture, and the project gradually forked, with a new version based on Debian Linux, and the existing version being transferred to iXsystems, who rewrote it with a new architecture based on FreeBSD 8.1
13094089
Check Point IPSO


Linux-based: Check Point offers three lines of security appliances - one based on IPSO 6.x, one based on an operating system called SecurePlatform and the latest based on Gaia platform (RHEL4 based). IPSO notable features or firsts include: IPSO SB was originally derived by Ipsilon Networks from FreeBSD 2.1-STABLE and cross-compiled on FreeBSD 2.2.6-RELEASE and 3.5-RELEASE platforms. Its major components are: IPSO versions up to 2.x were sold by Ipsilon Networks as part of the ATM tag-switching solutions that they originally pioneered. IPSO 3.0 onwards
4680433
Gamin


uses inotify or dnotify to monitor filesystem activity. Under FreeBSD, Gamin uses kqueue/kevent as the native FreeBSD kernel event notification mechanism, but in this case kqueue has one major drawback as compared to inotify: inotify is the filename-based monitoring facility and kqueue uses file descriptors for identification of monitored files, so, under FreeBSD, gam_server has to open each file in the monitored directory. This can be an issue when monitoring directories with many files stored, because the system could easily reach its kernel limits on maximum file
163393
Junos OS


advertisements and path selection. Junos generally adheres to industry standards for routing and MPLS. The operating system supports high availability mechanisms that are not standard to Unix, such as Graceful Restart. Junos operating system is primarily based on Linux and FreeBSD, with Linux running as bare metal, and FreeBSD running in a QEMU Virtual machine. Because FreeBSD is a Unix implementation, customers can access a Unix shell and execute normal Unix commands. Junos runs on most or all Juniper hardware systems. After Juniper acquired NetScreen, it integrated ScreenOS security
4778077
Berkeley Software Design


, BSDI (known as BSDi by that time) sold its software business unit (comprising BSD/OS and the former Walnut Creek FreeBSD and Slackware Linux open source offerings) to Wind River Systems and renamed the remainder iXsystems with a renewed focus on server hardware. Wind River dropped sponsorship of Slackware soon afterwards. and the FreeBSD unit was divested as a separate entity FreeBSD Mall, Inc. in 2002. Faced with competition from open-source BSD- and Linux-based operating systems, Wind River discontinued BSD/OS in December 2003
5710613
FreeBSD version history


BSM) audit implementation called OpenBSM, which was created by the TrustedBSD Project (based on the BSM implementation found in Apple's open source Darwin) and released under a BSD-style license. FreeBSD 7.0 was released on 27 February 2008. The final FreeBSD 7 release was 7.4, on 24 February 2011. New features included SCTP, UFS journaling, an experimental port of Sun's ZFS file system, GCC4, improved support for the ARM architecture, jemalloc (a memory allocator optimized for parallel computation, which was ported to
6684071
History of the Berkeley Software Distribution


Apple's macOS is built, is a derivative of 4.4BSD-Lite2 and FreeBSD. Various commercial Unix operating systems, such as Solaris, also contain varying amounts of BSD code. BSD has been the base of a large number of operating systems. Most notable among these today are perhaps the major open source BSDs: FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD, which are all derived from 386BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite by various routes. Both NetBSD and FreeBSD started life in 1993, initially derived from 386BSD, but in 1994 migrating to a
8330032
Signal Transfer Point


A Signal Transfer Point (STP) is a router that relays SS7 messages between "signaling end-points" (SEPs) and other signaling transfer points (STPs). Typical SEPs include "service switching points" (SSPs) and "service control points" (SCPs). The STP is connected to adjacent SEPs and STPs via signaling links. Based on the address fields of the SS7 messages, the STP routes the messages to the appropriate outgoing signaling link. Edge STPs can also route based upon message body content using
21819466
FreeBSD


a company named Walnut Creek CDROM, upon the suggestion of the two FreeBSD developers, agreed to release the operating system on CD-ROM. In addition to that, the company employed Jordan Hubbard and David Greenman, ran FreeBSD on its servers, sponsored FreeBSD conferences and published FreeBSD-related books, including "The Complete FreeBSD" by Greg Lehey. By 1997, FreeBSD was Walnut Creek's "most successful product". The company itself later renamed to "The FreeBSD Mall" and later iXsystems. Today, FreeBSD is
6290680
GhostBSD


the operating system will be based on TrueOS. Beginning from GhostBSD 18.10, the project has moved its base from FreeBSD to TrueOS. Following are TrueOS based GhostBSD releases. GhostBSD was originally licensed under the 3-clause BSD license ("Revised BSD License", "New BSD License", or "Modified BSD License") In 2014 Eric Turgeon re-licensed GhostBSD under 2-clause license ("Simplified BSD License" or "FreeBSD License"). GhostBSD contains some GPL-licensed software. The following are the minimum recommended requirements
7314735
Dell EMC Isilon


Isilon is a scale out network-attached storage platform offered by Dell EMC for high-volume storage, backup and archiving of unstructured data. It provides a cluster-based storage array based on industry standard hardware, and is scalable to 50 petabytes in a single filesystem using its FreeBSD-derived OneFS file system. An Isilon clustered storage system is composed of three or more nodes. Each node is a server integrated with proprietary operating system software called OneFS (based on FreeBSD), which unifies a cluster of nodes into a
7764569
PfSense


pfSense is an open source firewall/router computer software distribution based on FreeBSD. It is installed on a physical computer or a virtual machine to make a dedicated firewall/router for a network. It can be configured and upgraded through a web-based interface, and requires no knowledge of the underlying FreeBSD system to manage. The pfSense project started in 2004 as a fork of the m0n0wall project by Chris Buechler and Scott Ullrich and the first release was in 2006. The name was derived from the fact that the software uses
1664629
OPNsense


OPNsense is open source, FreeBSD-based firewall and routing software developed by Deciso, a company in the Netherlands that makes hardware and sells support packages for OPNsense. It is a fork of pfSense, which in turn was forked from m0n0wall, which was built on FreeBSD. It was launched in January 2015. When m0n0wall closed down in February 2015 its creator, Manuel Kaspar, referred its developer community to OPNsense. OPNsense has a web-based interface and can be used on i386 and x86-64 platforms. Along with
10351863
FreeSBIE


FreeSBIE is a live CD, an operating system that is able to load directly from a bootable CD with no installation process or hard disk. It is based on the FreeBSD operating system. Its name is a pun on frisbee. Currently, FreeSBIE uses Xfce and Fluxbox. FreeSBIE 1.0 was based on FreeBSD 5.2.1 and released on February 27, 2004. The first version of FreeSBIE 2 was developed during the summer of 2005, thanks to the Google Summer of Code. FreeSBIE 2.0.1, which is a complete rewrite of the so
4362807
FreeBSD


archives, FAQs and a variety of articles, mainly maintained by The FreeBSD Documentation Project. FreeBSD's documentation is translated into several languages. All official documentation is released under the FreeBSD Documentation License, "a permissive non-copyleft free documentation license that is compatible with the GNU FDL". FreeBSD's documentation is described as "high-quality". The FreeBSD project maintains a variety of mailing lists. Among the most popular mailing lists are FreeBSD-questions (general questions) and FreeBSD-hackers (a place for asking
6290703
FreeBSD


Berkeley Software Design Inc. (BSDi) started to release BSD/386, later called BSD/OS, an operating system similar to FreeBSD and based on 1992's BSD release. AT&T filed a lawsuit against BSDi and alleged distribution of AT&T source code in violation of license agreements. The lawsuit was settled out of court and the exact terms were not all disclosed. The only one that became public was that BSDi would migrate their source base to the newer 4.4BSD-Lite sources. Although not involved in the litigation, it was suggested to
6290682
United States hydrogen policy


programs. Each states energy office gets SEP funding and manages all SEP funded projects. For more information about the SEP, including project descriptions, visit the SEP website. Clean Ports USA is an incentive-based program designed to help reduce emissions by encouraging port authorities to redesign and replace older diesel engines with new technologies and cleaner fuels. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Clean Diesel Campaign offers funding to port authorities to help them overcome the obstacles that prevent the adoption of cleaner diesel technologies. Clean Construction USA promotes the reduction
8426000
Comparison of BSD operating systems


There are a number of Unix-like operating systems based on or descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) series of Unix variant options. The three most notable descendants in current use are FreeBSD, OpenBSD, and NetBSD, which are all derived from 386BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite, by various routes. Both NetBSD and FreeBSD started life in 1993, initially derived from 386BSD, but in 1994 migrating to a 4.4BSD-Lite code base. OpenBSD was forked from NetBSD in 1995. Other notable derivatives include DragonFly BSD,
3305978
DragonFly BSD


Collection has an enhancement called the Stack-Smashing Protector (ProPolice) enabled by default, providing some additional protection against buffer overflow based attacks. , the kernel is no longer built with this protection by default. Being a derivative of FreeBSD, DragonFly has inherited an easy-to-use integrated build system that can rebuild the entire base system from source with only a few commands. The DragonFly developers use the Git version control system to manage changes to the DragonFly source code. Unlike its parent FreeBSD, DragonFly has both stable
5729507
FreeBSD


. FreeBSD has implemented a number of Microsoft Windows native NDIS kernel interfaces to allow FreeBSD to run Windows-only network drivers. FreeBSD's kernel provides support for some essential tasks such as managing processes, communication, booting and filesystems. FreeBSD has a monolithic kernel, with modular design. Different parts of the kernel, such as drivers, are designed as modules. The user can load and unload these modules at any time. ULE is the default scheduler in FreeBSD since version 7.1, it supports SMP and SMT. The FreeBSD
6290701
FreeBSD


"MFC" or "Merge from CURRENT" in FreeBSD developer slang) to the "-STABLE" branch. FreeBSD development is supported in part by the FreeBSD Foundation. The foundation is a non-profit organization that accepts donations to fund FreeBSD development. Such funding has been used to sponsor developers for specific activities, purchase hardware and network infrastructure, provide travel grants to developer summits, and provide legal support to the FreeBSD project. In November 2014, the FreeBSD Foundation received US$1 million donation from Jan Koum, Co-
6290710
FreeBSD version history


2017 the 10.4-RELEASE (final release of this branch) was announced, and support for the 10 series terminated in October 2018. On 10 October 2016, the FreeBSD Release Engineering Team announced the availability of FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE. FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE was announced in December 2018. The following table presents a version release history for the FreeBSD operating system. The timeline shows that the span of a single release generation of FreeBSD lasts around 5 years. Since the FreeBSD project makes effort for binary backward (and limited forward) compatibility within the same release
6684077
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
FreeBSD Core Team


The FreeBSD Core Team would be the equivalent of a board of directors, if the FreeBSD Project were a company. The FreeBSD Project is run by FreeBSD committers, or developers who have SVN commit access. The Core Team exists to provide direction and is responsible for setting goals for the FreeBSD Project and to provide mediation in the event of disputes, and also takes the final decision in case of disagreement between individuals and teams involved in the project. The Core Team is also responsible for selecting individuals for other teams related to the
17125575
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
557049
FreeBSD


can run on FreeBSD using an optional built-in compatibility layer. Hence, most Linux binaries can be run on FreeBSD, including some proprietary applications distributed only in binary form. This compatibility layer is not an emulation; Linux's system call interface is implemented in the FreeBSD's kernel and hence, Linux executable images and shared libraries are treated the same as FreeBSD's native executable images and shared libraries. Additionally, FreeBSD provides compatibility layers for several other Unix-like operating systems, in addition to Linux, such as BSD
6290699
FreeBSD version history


and AES acceleration on supported Intel CPUs (added in FreeBSD 8.2). Inclusion of improved device mmap() extensions enables implementation of a 64-bit Nvidia display driver for the x86-64 platform. A pluggable congestion control framework, and support for the ability to use DTrace for applications running under Linux emulation were added in FreeBSD 8.3. FreeBSD 8.4, released on 7 June 2013, was the final release from the FreeBSD 8 series. FreeBSD 9.0 was released on 12 January 2012. Key features of the release include a new installer
6684074
FreeBSD version history


/IPv6 jails. Code supporting the DEC Alpha architecture (supported since FreeBSD 4.0) was removed in FreeBSD 7.0. FreeBSD 8.0 was officially released on 25 November 2009. FreeBSD 8 was branched from the trunk in August 2009. It features superpages, Xen DomU support, network stack virtualization, stack-smashing protection, TTY layer rewrite, much updated and improved ZFS support, a new USB stack with USB 3.0 and xHCI support added in FreeBSD 8.2, multicast updates including IGMPv3, a rewritten NFS client/server introducing NFSv4,
6684073
Portsnap


Portsnap is a system written by Colin Percival for secure distribution of compressed, digitally signed snapshots of the FreeBSD ports tree. The distribution follows the client–server model and uses the transport protocol HTTP (pipelined HTTP). As of FreeBSD 6.0, portsnap is a part of the base system (including 5.5). In previous versions it was installed from ports. It's a standalone program which can be run manually or in a cron job. As such, it is one of alternatives to the classic cvsup method. Its
1348309
I.MX


.MX51 was added to FreeBSD on 2013-03-20. Support for other members of the i.MX5 family has been added since. Support for the Freescale i.MX 6 family was added to FreeBSD on 2013-10-31. NetBSD 6.0 comes with support for the Freescale i.MX51. In version 7.0, support for i.MX 6 based boards was added. Support for the FreeScale's i.MX 6 series SoC was added to OpenBSD's head on the 2013-09-06.
19951641
Systat (BSD)


systat is a BSD UNIX console application for displaying system statistics in fullscreen mode using ncurses/curses. It is available on, and by default ships in the base systems of, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and DragonFly BSD. It was first released as part of 4.3BSD in . Both internally and in the interface of the user the utility consists of several distinct modules and tabs, referred to as "displays" in FreeBSD, NetBSD and DragonFly, and "views" in OpenBSD, which are automatically refreshed every specified number of
8215815
Richard Mattern Montgomery


staff. Sep 1956-Aug 1959 In 1956 he was assigned as deputy commander of the 2d Air Force (SAC). Following this two-year tour, he became commander of the 3d Air Division at Guam, with responsibility for SAC Forces West of the 180th meridian. Sep 1952-Sep 1956 The assignment which did most to shape his subsequent career was that of chief of staff, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command, Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, in September 1952, a post he held until September 1956. As a principal staff
10835420
Disk partitioning


and a swap partition. By default, macOS systems also use a single partition for the entire filesystem and use a swap file inside the file system (like Windows) rather than a swap partition. In Solaris, partitions are sometimes known as slices. This is a conceptual reference to the slicing of a cake into several pieces. The term "slice" is used in the FreeBSD operating system to refer to Master Boot Record partitions, to avoid confusion with FreeBSD's own disklabel-based partitioning scheme. However, GUID Partition
10594401
NextBSD


new world on an existing 10.x or CURRENT system, and then following the instructions in the README. "Launchd" will start the initial jobs that are part of the repo now. The project refers to an installer as the first planned milestone on their website. Future plans include convert to rc and tying notifyd in to potential consumers. NeXTBSD was announced by Jordan Hubbard and Kip Macy in August 2015 at the Bay Area FreeBSD Users Group (BAFUG). NeXTBSD is based on the FreeBSD-CURRENT kernel while adding in Mach
16685167
ZFS


as FreeBSD, ZFS storage pool version 5000. This project is a continuation of FreeNAS 7 series project. Being based on the FreeBSD kernel, Debian GNU/kFreeBSD has ZFS support from the kernel. However, additional userland tools are required, while it is possible to have ZFS as root or /boot file system in which case required GRUB configuration is performed by the Debian installer since the "Wheezy" release. As of 31 January 2013, the ZPool version available is 14 for the "Squeeze" release, and 28 for
20163238
Berkeley Software Distribution


IEEE, ANSI, ISO, and POSIX standards, while retaining most of the traditional BSD behavior. Like AT&T Unix, the BSD kernel is monolithic, meaning that device drivers in the kernel run in privileged mode, as part of the core of the operating system. Several operating systems are based on BSD, including FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, MidnightBSD and DragonFly BSD. Both NetBSD and FreeBSD were created in 1993. They were initially derived from 386BSD (also known as "Jolix"), and merged the 4.4BSD-
21111908
FreeBSD


responsible for overall project direction, setting and enforcing project rules and approving new commiters, or the granting of SVN commit access. A number of responsibilities are officially assigned to other development teams by the FreeBSD Core Team, for example, responsibility for managing the ports collection is delegated to the Ports Management Team. In addition to developers, FreeBSD has thousands of "contributors". Contributors are also volunteers outside of the FreeBSD project who submit patches for consideration by committers, as they don't have direct access to FreeBSD's source code
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PicoBSD


PicoBSD build scripts to FreeBSD 2.2.5, allowing the addition of a few more binaries in the dial-up flavor due to FreeBSD 2.2.5's smaller binary executable format. With flexibility that FreeBSD gives, along with the full source code being available, one can build a small installation performing various tasks, including: PicoBSD is now included in the FreeBSD source files where it is used by embedded system developers to create their own system images. It can be used with recent versions of FreeBSD and it is located in /usr/src/
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FreeBSD


KAME project. Also, FreeBSD supports IPX and AppleTalk protocols, but they are considered old and it is planned to drop support of them in the upcoming FreeBSD 11.0. As of FreeBSD 5.4, support for the Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP) was imported from the OpenBSD project. CARP allows multiple nodes to share a set of IP addresses. So if one of the nodes goes down, other nodes still can serve the requests. FreeBSD has several unique features related to storage. Soft updates can protect the consistency of the
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FreeBSD


format, which supports an extensive security audit system. This was shipped as part of FreeBSD 6.2. Other infrastructure work in FreeBSD performed as part of the TrustedBSD Project has included GEOM and OpenPAM. Most components of the TrustedBSD project are eventually folded into the main sources for FreeBSD. In addition, many features, once fully matured, find their way into other operating systems. For example, OpenPAM has been adopted by NetBSD. Moreover, the TrustedBSD MAC Framework has been adopted by Apple for macOS. FreeBSD ships with three different
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FreeBSD


first time. The main difference between bhyve and FreeBSD jails is that jails are an operating system-level virtualization and therefore limited to only FreeBSD guests; but bhyve is a type 2 hypervisor and is not limited to only FreeBSD guests. For comparison, bhyve is a similar technology to KVM whereas jails are closer to LXC containers or Solaris Zones. Amazon® EC2™ AMI instances is also supported via codice_1 VirtualBox (without the closed-source Extension Pack) and QEMU are available on FreeBSD. Most software that runs on Linux
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FreeBSD


kernel has also a scalable event notification interface, named kqueue. It has been ported to other BSD-derivatives such as OpenBSD, NetBSD. Kernel threading was introduced in FreeBSD 5.0, using an . This model works well in theory, but it is hard to implement and few operating systems support it. Although FreeBSD's implementation of this model worked, it did not perform well, so from version 7.0 onward, FreeBSD started using a , called libthr. FreeBSD's documentation consists of its handbooks, manual pages, mailing list
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Unbound (DNS server)


modular components that incorporate modern features, such as enhanced security (DNSSEC) validation, Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), and a client resolver application programming interface library as an integral part of the architecture. Originally written for POSIX-compatible Unix-like operating system, it runs on FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, OS X, and Linux, as well as Microsoft Windows. Unbound has supplanted the Berkeley Internet Name Daemon (BIND) as the default, base-system name server in FreeBSD and OpenBSD, where it
14768555
Operating system


based BSD variant derived from NeXTSTEP, Mach, and FreeBSD. Unix interoperability was sought by establishing the POSIX standard. The POSIX standard can be applied to any operating system, although it was originally created for various Unix variants. A subgroup of the Unix family is the Berkeley Software Distribution family, which includes FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD. These operating systems are most commonly found on webservers, although they can also function as a personal computer OS. The Internet owes much of its existence to BSD, as many of the
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Check Point IPSO


Check Point IPSO is the operating system for the 'Check Point firewall' appliance and other security devices, based on FreeBSD, with numerous hardening features applied. The IP in IPSO refers to Ipsilon Networks, a company specialising in IP switching acquired by Nokia in 1997. In 2009, Check Point acquired the Nokia security appliance business, including IPSO, from Nokia. IPSO, now at version 6.2, is a fork of FreeBSD 6. There were two other systems, called IPSO-SX and IPSO-LX, that were
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XigmaNAS


March 2017, respectively. XigmaNAS is an embedded open-source NAS software distribution based on the latest release of FreeBSD. It developed from original FreeNAS 7 code and updated to work with the current latest FreeBSD releases. However, "XigmaNAS preserves FreeNAS’s original m0n0wall/PHP architecture and introduces experimental support for the ARM architecture." XigmaNAS supports sharing across Windows, Apple, and UNIX-like systems. It includes ZFS v5000, Software RAID (0,1,5), disk encryption, S.M.A.R.T. and email reports etc., with the
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Walnut Creek CDROM


Shareware for Microsoft Windows (now the Sunny A archives), and the Aminet archives for the Amiga. In January 1994, it published a collection of 350 texts from Project Gutenberg, one of the first published ebook collections. Walnut Creek developed a close relationship with the FreeBSD Unix-like open source operating system project from its inception in 1993. The company published FreeBSD on CD-ROM, distributed it by FTP, employed FreeBSD project founders Jordan Hubbard and David Greenman, ran FreeBSD on its servers, sponsored FreeBSD conferences,
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ZFS


part of the 2007 Google Summer of Code and in August 2009, the code was merged into NetBSD's source tree. Paweł Jakub Dawidek ported ZFS to FreeBSD, and it has been part of FreeBSD since version 7.0. This includes zfsboot, which allows booting FreeBSD directly from a ZFS volume. FreeBSD's ZFS implementation is fully functional; the only missing features are kernel CIFS server and iSCSI, but the latter can be added using externally available packages. Samba can be used to provide a userspace CIFS server. FreeBSD 7-STABLE (
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DragonFly BSD


DragonFly BSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system forked from FreeBSD 4.8. Matthew Dillon, an Amiga developer in the late 1980s and early 1990s and FreeBSD developer between 1994 and 2003, began working on DragonFly BSD in June 2003 and announced it on the FreeBSD mailing lists on 16 July 2003. Dillon started DragonFly in the belief that the techniques adopted for threading and symmetric multiprocessing in FreeBSD 5 would lead to poor performance and maintenance problems. He sought to correct these anticipated problems within the FreeBSD project.
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FreeBSD


/OS and SVR4, however, it is more common for users to compile those programs directly on FreeBSD. No noticeable performance penalty over native FreeBSD programs has been noted when running Linux binaries, and, in some cases, these may even perform more smoothly than on Linux. However, the layer is not altogether seamless, and some Linux binaries are unusable or only partially usable on FreeBSD. There is support for system calls up to version 2.6.18, available since . As of release 10.3, FreeBSD can run 64-bit Linux binaries
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FreeBSD


Founder and CEO of WhatsApp the largest single donation to the Foundation since its inception. In December 2016, Jan Koum donated another 500 thousand dollars. Jan Koum himself is a FreeBSD user since the late 1990s and WhatsApp uses FreeBSD on its servers. FreeBSD is released under a variety of open source licenses. The kernel code and most newly created code is released under the two-clause BSD license which allows everyone to use and redistribute FreeBSD as they wish. This license was approved by Free Software Foundation and Open Source Initiative as
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FreeBSD version history


on 30 September 2013. FreeBSD 9.3 was released on 16 July 2014. On 20 January 2014, the FreeBSD Release Engineering Team announced the availability of FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE, Key features include the deprecation of GCC in favor of Clang, a new iSCSI implementation, VirtIO drivers for out-of-the-box KVM support, and a FUSE implementation. "FreeBSD 10.1-RELEASE" was announced 14 November 2014, and was supported for an extended term until 31 December 2016. The subsequent 10.2-RELEASE reached EoL on the same day. In October
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September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
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FreeBSD version history


tireless work by the FreeBSD developers, users, their children, and their pets). FreeBSD 3.0-RELEASE was announced on 16 October 1998. The final release, 3.5-RELEASE, was announced on 24 June 2000. FreeBSD 3.0 was the first branch able to support symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) systems, using a Giant lock and marked the transition from a.out to ELF executables. USB support was first introduced with FreeBSD 3.1, and the first Gigabit network cards were supported in 3.2-RELEASE. 4.0-RELEASE appeared in March 2000 and the last 4-STABLE branch release
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19th Air Refueling Squadron


The 19th Air Refueling Squadron (19 ARS) is an inactive unit of the United States Air Force. At the time of its inactivation, it was based at Otis Air Force Base. On 19 Sep 1985 the 19th Air Refueling Squadron,(Medium), was consolidated with the 19th Ferrying Squadron, a unit that was last active 31 Mar 1944. This action was directed by Department of the Air Force Letter DAF/MPM 662q Attachment 2 (Inactive Units), 19 Sep 1985. The Consolidated Unit will retain the Designation of 19th
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Kylin (operating system)


operating system without Linux kernel that has obtained Linux global standard authentification by the international Free Standards Group". In April 2006, it was said that the Kylin operating system was largely copied from FreeBSD 5.3. An anonymous Chinese student in Australia, who used the pseudonym "Dancefire", carried out a kernel similarity analysis and showed that the similarities between the two operating systems reached 99.45 percent. One of Kylin's developers confirmed that Kylin was based on FreeBSD during a speech at the international conference EuroBSDCon 2006. In 2009, a
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Netgraph


netgraph is the graph based kernel networking subsystem of FreeBSD since 3.4 and DragonFly BSD since the fork from FreeBSD. Netgraph provides support for L2TP, PPTP, ATM, bluetooth using a modular set of nodes that are the graph. Netgraph has also been ported on other Operating Systems: Netgraph was originally designed and implemented at Whistle Communications by Julian Elischer and Archie Cobbs for the Whistle InterJet small office router product. The purpose of the project was to create a flexible framework for implementing new networking protocols. Key requirements included the ability to
12682585
IXsystems


iXsystems, Inc. is a privately owned American computer technology company based in San Jose, California that develops, sells and supports computing and storage products and services. Its principal products are customized open source FreeBSD distributions, including the desktop operating system TrueOS (formerly PC-BSD) and the file servers and network attached storage systems FreeNAS and TrueNAS. It also markets hardware platforms for these products, and develops enterprise-scale storage architectures and converged architectures. As part of its activities, the company has strong ties to the FreeBSD community
13094084
TrueOS


include a graphical installer anymore. Graphical end-user-orientated OSes based on TrueOS are GhostBSD and Trident. TrueOS provides official binary Nvidia and Intel drivers for hardware acceleration and an optional 3D desktop interface through KWin, and Wine is ready-to-use for running Microsoft Windows software. TrueOS is able to run Linux software, in addition to FreeBSD Ports collection, and it has its own .txz package manager. TrueOS supports OpenZFS, and the installer offers disk encryption with geli. TrueOS was founded by FreeBSD professional Kris Moore
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TrueOS


PC-BSD used to support both amd64 and i686 architectures. Support for i686 was dropped in version 9.2. Starting in September 2016 with the rebranding of PC-BSD, TrueOS became a rolling release distribution based on FreeBSD's current branch. TrueOS's package manager takes a similar approach to installing software to many other Unix-like operating systems. Instead of using the FreeBSD Ports tree directly (although it remains available), TrueOS uses files with the ".txz" filename extension packages which contain compiled ports. An autobuild system
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Launchd


launchd to FreeBSD, and his "openlaunchd" Github repo subsequently rose in activity. The last Wayback Machine capture of the Mac OS Forge area for launchd was in June 2012, and the most recent open source version from Apple was 842.92.1 in code for OS X 10.9.5. In 2014, with OS X 10.10 and iOS 8, Apple moved code for launchd to closed source libxpc. In August 2015 Jordan Hubbard and Kip Macy announced NextBSD, which is based on FreeBSD-CURRENT kernel while adding in Mach IPC, Libdispatch,
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Bluetooth stack


lack of maintainership and code rot. DragonFly BSD has had NetBSD's Bluetooth implementation since 1.11 (2008), first released with . A netgraph-based implementation from FreeBSD has also been available in the tree since 2008, dating to an import of Netgraph from the FreeBSD 7 timeframe into DragonFly, but was possibly disabled until 2014-11-15, and may still require more work. The Linux operating system currently has BlueZ included with the official Linux kernel distributions, initially developed by Qualcomm. "BlueZ" is a Bluetooth
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Ptrace


account can ptrace almost any process (except init on kernels before 2.6.26). In Linux systems that feature capabilities-based security, the ability to ptrace is further limited by the CAP_SYS_PTRACE capability or by the YAMA Linux Security Module. In FreeBSD, it's limited by FreeBSD jails and Mandatory Access Control policies. Communications between the controller and target take place using repeated calls of ptrace, passing a small fixed-size block of memory between the two (necessitating two context switches per call); this is acutely inefficient when accessing
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PlayStation 4 system software


The PlayStation 4 system software is the updatable firmware and operating system of the PlayStation 4. The operating system is Orbis OS, based on FreeBSD 9. The native operating system of the PlayStation 4 is Orbis OS, which is a fork of FreeBSD version 9.0 which was released on 12 January 2012. The PlayStation 4 features two graphics APIs, a low level API named "Gnm" and a high level API named "Gnmx". Most developers start with Gnmx, which wraps around Gnm, which in turn manages the more
8907037
SVISTA


SVISTA (Serenity Virtual Station) is a former commercial virtual machine software product marketed by Serenity Systems International. Windows, OS/2, Linux and FreeBSD hosted versions were available. This product is no longer available nor supported. SVISTA was developed under contract with Parallels Software Studio and was based on its existing TwoOStwo software, although the OS/2 and FreeBSD hosted versions were specific to SVISTA. Providing a virtualization product was initially part of Serenity's strategy for marketing its eComStation operating system. When the OS/2 port of Connectix VirtualPC was discontinued following the
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Comparison of BSD operating systems


which was forked from FreeBSD 4.8, and Apple Inc.'s iOS and macOS, with its Darwin base including a large amount of code derived from FreeBSD. Most of the current BSD operating systems are open source and available for download, free of charge, under the BSD License, the most notable exceptions being macOS and iOS. They also generally use a monolithic kernel architecture, apart from macOS, iOS, and DragonFly BSD which feature hybrid kernels. The various open source BSD projects generally develop the kernel and userland programs and libraries
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Bluetooth


not been updated since 2005. FreeBSD features Bluetooth since its v5.0 release, implemented through netgraph. NetBSD features Bluetooth since its v4.0 release. Its Bluetooth stack was ported to OpenBSD as well, however OpenBSD later removed it as unmaintained. DragonFly BSD has had NetBSD's Bluetooth implementation since 1.11 (2008). A netgraph-based implementation from FreeBSD has also been available in the tree, possibly disabled until 2014-11-15, and may require more work. The specifications were formalized by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG
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FreeBSD


It can also be used to install Ports and Packages as an alternative to the command-line interface. The sysinstall utility is now considered deprecated in favor of bsdinstall, a new installer which was introduced in FreeBSD 9.0. bsdinstall is "a lightweight replacement for sysinstall" that was written in sh. According to OSNews, "It has lost some features while gaining others, but it is a much more flexible design, and will ultimately be significant improvement". The default FreeBSD shell is the tcsh shell. FreeBSD is developed
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GEOM


GEOM is the main storage framework for the FreeBSD operating system. It is available in FreeBSD 5.0 and higher and provides a standardized way to access storage layers. GEOM is modular and allows for "geom modules" to connect to the framework. For example, the geom_mirror module will provide RAID1 or mirroring functionality to the system. A wide range of modules are already available, and new ones are always in active development by various FreeBSD developers. GEOM was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Poul-Henning Kamp and NAI Labs,
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FreeBSD Core Team


development and ongoing maintenance of FreeBSD, such as the Security Officer, the Release Engineering team, and the Port Manager team. Finally, the Core Team also vote on nominations for new committers. In the event of a breach of internal rules of conduct, it falls to the core team to decide on sanctions. The FreeBSD Core Team is the equivalent of a similar body in the NetBSD Project called the "Core Group". The FreeBSD Core Team began as an unofficial group of programmers, mainly consisting of those that initiated
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FreeBSD jail


The jail mechanism is an implementation of FreeBSD's OS-level virtualisation that allows system administrators to partition a FreeBSD-derived computer system into several independent mini-systems called "jails", all sharing the same kernel, with very little overhead. It is implemented through a system call, jail(2), as well as a userland utility, jail(8), plus, depending on the system, a number of other utilities as well. The functionality was committed into FreeBSD in 1999 by Poul-Henning Kamp after some period of
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FreeBSD Documentation License


The FreeBSD Documentation License is the license that covers most of the documentation for the FreeBSD operating system. The license is very similar to the 2-clause Simplified BSD License used by the rest of FreeBSD, however, it makes the meanings of "source code" and "compile" less ambiguous in the context of documentation. It also includes a mandatory disclaimer about IEEE and Open Group text in some manual pages. The Free Software Foundation classes this as a free documentation license, stating that ""This is a permissive non-copyleft
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FreeBSD


firewall packages: IPFW, pf and IPFilter. IPFW is FreeBSD's native firewall. pf was taken from OpenBSD and IPFilter was ported to FreeBSD by Darren Reed. Taken from OpenBSD, the OpenSSH program was included in default install. OpenSSH is a Free implementation of the SSH protocol and is a replacement for telnet. Unlike telnet, OpenSSH encrypts all information (including username and password). In November 2012, The FreeBSD Security Team announced that hackers gained unauthorized access on two of the project's servers. These servers were turned
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FreeBSD


to run multiple jails at the same time, but the kernel is shared among all of them. Hence only software supported by the FreeBSD kernel can be run within a jail. bhyve, a new virtualization solution, was introduced in FreeBSD 10.0. bhyve allows a user to run a number of guest operating systems (FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Linux, and Microsoft Windows) simultaneously. Other operating systems such as Illumos are planned. bhyve was written by Neel Natu and Peter Grehan and was announced in the 2011 BSDCan conference for the
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