University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License [SEP] based on
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University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License


The University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License, or UIUC license, is a permissive free software license, based on the MIT/X11 license and the 3-clause BSD license. By combining parts of these two licenses, it attempts to be clearer and more concise than either. The license is the result of efforts by a University of Illinois committee set up in 2001. The intention was to create a new license standard for both NCSA and the worldwide software community in general. It was formally certified as an open-source
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University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License


license during a March 28, 2002 board meeting of the Open Source Initiative. Source code under the NCSA license can be incorporated into proprietary products without the reciprocity requirements that copyleft free software licenses raise. The license is compatible with all versions of the GNU General Public License. Notable software using the license includes LLVM and Clang. The following is a license template. On an actual license the sections within angle brackets (year, owner organization name, etc.) will be filled out. The University of Illinois/NCSA Open
2930384
University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License


Source License is template-based, like the MIT/X11 and BSD licenses. The initial license grant is based on text from the MIT license; it clearly states that it applies to the software plus any associated documentation files, and is more specific about what rights are conveyed than the BSD license. The three license clauses are almost identical to those found in the modified BSD license. It requires that redistributions reproduce the license, and prevents the names of contributors from being used to promote derived products without permission. Here it
2930385
Digital Universe Atlas


Digital Universe Atlas is a free open source software planetarium application, available under the terms of the Illinois Open Source License, and running on Linux, Windows, macOS (10.5 and above), AmigaOS 4, and IRIX. It is a standalone 4-dimensional space visualization application built on the programmable Partiview data visualization engine designed by Stuart Levy of the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) as an adjunct of the NCSA's Virtual Director virtual choreography project. The Virtual Universe Atlas project was launched by the American Museum of Natural History
779358
FLAIM


willing to share with these researchers their own logs. FLAIM is available under the Open Source Initiative approved University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License. This is BSD-style license. It runs on Unix and Unix-like systems, including Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and Mac OS X. While FLAIM is not the only "log anonymizer", it is unique in its flexibility to create complex XML policies and its support for multiple log types. More specifically, it is the only such tool to meet the following
14794949
LLDB (debugger)


The LLDB Debugger (LLDB) is the debugger component of the LLVM project. It is built as a set of reusable components which extensively use existing libraries from LLVM, such as the Clang expression parser and LLVM disassembler. LLDB is free and open-source software under the University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License, a BSD-style permissive software license. LLDB supports debugging of programs written in C, Objective-C, and C++. The Swift community maintains a version which adds support for the language. It is
17314693
Earth System Modeling Framework


its strong emphasis on community governance and distributed development, and by a diverse customer base that includes modeling groups from universities, major U.S. research centers, the National Weather Service, the Department of Defense, and NASA. The ESMF development team was centered at NCAR until 2009, after which it moved to the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Editing Earth System Modeling Framework is free software released under the University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License. ESMF increases the interoperability of Earth-science modeling software developed at different sites and promotes
7952375
LLVM


The LLVM project started in 2000 at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, under the direction of Vikram Adve and Chris Lattner. LLVM was originally developed as a research infrastructure to investigate dynamic compilation techniques for static and dynamic programming languages. LLVM was released under the University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License, a permissive free software licence. In 2005, Apple Inc. hired Lattner and formed a team to work on the LLVM system for various uses within Apple's development systems. LLVM is an integral part of Apple's
6713589
Clang


Sony, Intel and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). It is open-source software, with source code released under the University of Illinois/NCSA License, a permissive free software licence. The Clang project includes the Clang front end, a static analyzer, and several code analysis tools. Starting in 2005, Apple Inc. made extensive use of LLVM in a number of commercial products, including the iOS SDK and Xcode 3.1. One of the first uses of LLVM was an OpenGL code compiler for OS X that converts OpenGL
7689442
Spyglass, Inc.


Spyglass, Inc. (former NASDAQ ticker symbol SPYG), was an Internet software company based in Champaign, Illinois. The company, founded in 1990, was an offshoot of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and created to commercialize and support technologies from the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). For several years, it focused on data visualization tools, such as graphing packages and 3D rendering engines. It became most known for its version of the Mosaic web browser. In May 1994, Spyglass licensed NCSA's
3774422
Santa Cruz Operation


worldwide Internet." PizzaNet was based on the first commercially licensed and bundled Internet Operating System, SCO Global Access. SCO was the first commercial Unix System supplier to license the powerful NCSA Mosaic hypertext, NCSA HTTPd and the first to ship these technologies from the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana bundled with an OS for commercial use. In 1993, SCO acquired IXI Limited, a software company in Cambridge, UK, best known for its X.desktop product, which formed the graphical basis of
15465094
National Center for Supercomputing Applications


The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) is a state-federal partnership to develop and deploy national-scale cyberinfrastructure that advances research, science and engineering based in the United States of America. NCSA operates as a unit of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, and provides high-performance computing resources to researchers across the country. Support for NCSA comes from the National Science Foundation, the state of Illinois, the University of Illinois, business and industry partners, and other federal agencies. NCSA provides leading-
1887452
History of Internet Explorer


versions of the Mosaic browser to Microsoft, one wholly based on the NCSA source code, and another engineered from scratch but conceptually modeled on the NCSA browser. Internet Explorer was initially built using the Spyglass, not the NCSA source code. The license to Microsoft provided Spyglass (and thus NCSA) with a quarterly fee plus a percentage of Microsoft's revenues for the software. The browser was then modified and released as Internet Explorer. Microsoft originally released Internet Explorer 1.0 in August 1995 in two packages: at retail in Microsoft Plus
6886134
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign


. For the 2011 fiscal year, Research Park produced an economic output of $169.5M for the state of Illinois. The university hosts the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), which created Mosaic, the first graphical Web browser, the foundation upon which the former Netscape was based on and Mozilla Firefox and Microsoft Internet Explorer are based, the Apache HTTP server, and NCSA Telnet. The Parallel@Illinois program hosts several programs in parallel computing, including the Universal Parallel Computing Research Center. The university contracted with Cray to build
11501663
Mosaic (web browser)


Spyglass, Inc. licensed the technology and trademarks from NCSA for producing their own web browser but never used any of the NCSA Mosaic source code. Microsoft licensed Spyglass Mosaic in 1995 for US$2 million, modified it, and renamed it Internet Explorer. After a later auditing dispute, Microsoft paid Spyglass $8 million. The 1995 user guide "The HTML Sourcebook: The Complete Guide to HTML", specifically states, in a section called "Coming Attractions", that Internet Explorer "will be based on the Mosaic program"
20773209
Revive Adserver


Revive Adserver is an open-source advertising server that is licensed under the GNU General Public License. It features an integrated banner management interface and tracking system for gathering statistics. It used to be known under different names in the past, most recently as OpenX Source. In Sep 2013, OpenX Source was sold to Andrew Hill and rebranded Revive Adserver. The current code base for OpenX Enterprise and Revive Adserver (formerly known as OpenX Source) are completely separate. The software enables web site administrators to rotate banners from both in
15199772
AMosaic


AMosaic is a discontinued Amiga port of the Mosaic web browser, developed beginning in 1993, and was the first graphical web browser for the Amiga. AMosaic was based on NCSA's Mosaic, but was not distributed by the University of Illinois or NCSA. It was developed by Michael Fischer at Stony Brook University, Michael Meyer at the University of California, Berkeley, and Michael Witbrock at Carnegie Mellon University. The first version was released to the public on December 25, 1993, and the last version available was a 2.0 prerelease
16780235
History of the World Wide Web


by Mosaic, a graphical browser launched in 1993 by Marc Andreessen's team at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (UIUC). The origins of Mosaic date to 1992. In November 1992, the NCSA at the University of Illinois (UIUC) established a website. In December 1992, Andreessen and Eric Bina, students attending UIUC and working at the NCSA, began work on Mosaic with funding from the High-Performance Computing and Communications Initiative, a US-
19713928
Academic Free License


The Academic Free License (AFL) is a permissive free software license written in 2002 by Lawrence E. Rosen, a former general counsel of the Open Source Initiative (OSI). The license grants similar rights to the BSD, MIT, UoI/NCSA and Apache licenses licenses allowing the software to be made proprietary but was written to correct perceived problems with those licenses: The Free Software Foundation consider all AFL versions through 3.0 as incompatible with the GNU GPL. though Eric S. Raymond (a co-founder of the OSI)
7552484
MIT License


NCSA Open Source License combines text from both the MIT and BSD licenses; the license grant and disclaimer are taken from the MIT License. The ISC license contains similarities to both the MIT and simplified BSD licenses, the biggest difference being that language deemed unnecessary by the Berne Convention is omitted. Like the BSD license the MIT license does not include an express patent license. Both the BSD and the MIT licenses were drafted before the patentability of software was generally recognized under US law. A similarly permissive license, which includes an explicit
19551023
Mosaic (web browser)


The licensing terms for NCSA Mosaic were generous for a proprietary software program. In general, non-commercial use was free of charge for all versions (with certain limitations). Additionally, the X Window System/Unix version publicly provided source code (source code for the other versions was available after agreements were signed). Despite persistent rumors to the contrary, however, Mosaic was never released as open source software during its brief reign as a major browser; there were always constraints on permissible uses without payment. , license
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University of Illinois system


and Information Science; College of Media; Carle-Illinois College of Medicine; School of Social Work; and the College of Veterinary Medicine. It is also home to the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, NCSA, where Marc Andreessen (of Netscape fame) and others helped develop the Mosaic web browser, the first HTML browser capable of rendering images. In addition, in 1987, NCSA created NCSA Telnet, a program which permitted users access to the supercomputer's resources remotely. The petascale Blue Waters to be completed in 2011
16878939
JavaScript


syntax, and respective standard libraries, the two languages are distinct and differ greatly in design. JavaScript was influenced by programming languages such as Self and Scheme. The JSON serialization format, used to store data structures in files or transmit them across networks, is based on JavaScript. In 1993, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), a unit of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, released NCSA Mosaic, the first popular graphical Web browser, which played an important part in expanding the growth of the
9748100
Windows HPC Server 2008


) job scheduler, an MPI library based on open-source MPICH2, and cluster interoperability through standards such as the High Performance Computing Basic Profile (HPCBP) specification produced by the Open Grid Forum (OGF). In June 2008, a system built collaboratively with the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) and Microsoft ranked #23 on the TOP500 list, a ranking of the world's fastest supercomputers, with a LINPACK score of 68.5 teraflops. The NCSA supercomputer uses both Windows Server HPC and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4
2979194
Internet Explorer


Explorer project was started in the summer of 1994 by Thomas Reardon, who, according to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Review of 2003, used source code from Spyglass, Inc. Mosaic, which was an early commercial web browser with formal ties to the pioneering National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) Mosaic browser. In late 1994, Microsoft licensed Spyglass Mosaic for a quarterly fee plus a percentage of Microsoft's non-Windows revenues for the software. Although bearing a name similar to NCSA Mosaic, Spyglass Mosaic had used the NCSA
15322036
Eric Bina


Eric J. Bina (born October 1964) is the co-creator of Mosaic and the co-founder of Netscape. In 1993, Bina along with Marc Andreessen authored the first version of Mosaic while working as a programmer at National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Bina attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, graduating from there with a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science in 1986 and a Master's degree in 1988. He joined NCSA in 1991 as
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National Center for Supercomputing Applications


campus. NCSA is now headquartered within its own building directly north of the Siebel Center for Computer Science, on the site of a former baseball field, Illini Field. NCSA's supercomputers are at the National Petascale Computing Facility. NCSA's visualization department is internationally well-known. Donna Cox, leader of the Advanced Visualization Laboratory at NCSA and a professor in the School of Art and Design at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, and her team created visualizations for the Oscar-nominated IMAX film "Cosmic Voyage"
1887464
NCSA Brown Dog


human health impacts model that will then be linked together with a terrestrial biosphere model and a storm water model using Brown Dog technology. This use case is led by Praveen Kumar, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign CIF21 DIBBs: Brown Dog was awarded in the winter of 2013 with a start date of October 1, 2013. Estimated expiration date is September 30, 2018. The award amount was $10,519,716.00, the largest DIBB award. The principal investigator is Kenton McHenry of NCSA at the University of Illinois at Urbana-
13095266
LON-CAPA


. The project is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). LON-CAPA is open source and free of licensing fees. Significant technologies include Linux, Apache, mod perl, MySQL, LaTeX and CPAN. The core LON-CAPA development team is based at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan. There are also major LON-CAPA network nodes at Simon Fraser University, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Purdue University. The name LON-CAPA is an acronym, derived from Learning
4592125
Business models for open-source software


universities and research institutions on open-source shows in the number of projects named after their host institutions, such as BSD Unix, CMU Common Lisp, or the NCSA HTTPd which evolved into Apache. Companies may employ developers to work on open-source projects that are useful to the company's infrastructure: in this case, it is developed not as a product to be sold but as a sort of shared public utility. A local bug-fix or solution to a software problem, written by a developer either at a
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National Center for Supercomputing Applications


that four supercomputer centers would be chartered (Cornell, Illinois, Princeton, and San Diego), with a fifth (Pittsburgh) added later. The Black Proposal was approved in 1985 and marked the foundation of NCSA, with $42,751,000 in funding from 1 January 1985 through 31 December 1989. This was also noteworthy in that the NSF's action of approving an unsolicited proposal was unprecedented. NCSA opened its doors in January 1986. In 2007, NCSA was awarded a grant from the National Science Foundation to build "Blue Waters
1887456
NCSA HTTPd


NCSA HTTPd is an early, now discontinued, web server originally developed at the NCSA at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign by Robert McCool and others. First released in 1993, it was among the earliest web servers developed, following Tim Berners-Lee's CERN httpd, Tony Sanders' Plexus server, and some others. It was for some time the natural counterpart to the Mosaic web browser in the client–server World Wide Web. It also introduced the Common Gateway Interface, allowing for the creation of dynamic
10909303
Institute for Computing in the Humanities, Arts, and Social Science


The Institute for Computing in Humanities, Arts, and Social Science (I-CHASS) at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign was established in 2005 to conduct leading-edge research at the intersection of high performance computing and humanities, arts, and social science scholarship. I-CHASS is hosted by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) and maintains strategic partnerships with NCSA, the Great Lakes Consortium for Petascale Computation (GLCPC), and the Illinois Informatics Institute (I3). Through its work on identifying
4010286
NCSA Telnet


NCSA Telnet is an implementation of the Telnet protocol created at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign National Center for Supercomputing Applications in 1986 and continuously developed until 1995. The initial implementation ran under Mac OS and Microsoft MS-DOS and provided basic DEC VT102 terminal emulation as well as support for multiple simultaneous connections and an internal FTP server. At the time, NCSA Telnet was the first implementation of telnet for the Macintosh or a PC that provided the ability to connect to multiple hosts simultaneously. Over time, the program evolved
4706381
MIT License


The "MIT License" published by the Open Source Initiative is the same as the "Expat License". The X11 License and the "MIT License" chosen for ncurses by the Free Software Foundation both include the following clause, absent in the Expat License: The original BSD license also includes a clause requiring all advertising of the software to display a notice crediting its authors. This "advertising clause" (since disavowed by UC Berkeley) is present in the modified MIT License used by XFree86. The University of Illinois/
19551022
NCSA Brown Dog


follow-on effort called Data Infrastructure Building Blocks (DIBBs), focused on building software to support DataNet. The project was proposed by researchers at NCSA and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign as well as researchers from Boston University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Much scientific data is smaller, unstructured and uncurated and thus not easily shared. Such data is sometimes referred to as "long tail" data. This borrows a term from statistics and refers to the tail of the distribution of project sizes.
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Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign


blistering critique of America's supercomputing resources, and as a result the National Science Foundation established the UIUC's National Center for Supercomputing Applications in 1985. NCSA was one of the first places in industry or academia to develop software for the 3 major operating systems at the time - Macintosh, PC, and UNIX. NCSA in 1986 released NCSA Telnet and in 1993 it released the Mosaic web browser. In 2004, the Department of Computer Science moved out of the Digital Computer Laboratory building into the Thomas M. Siebel Center for Computer Science
19866242
Unix


illumos remains the only active open-source System V derivative. In May 1975, RFC 681 described the development of "Network Unix" by the Center for Advanced Computation at the University of Illinois. The system was said to "present several interesting capabilities as an ARPANET mini-host". At the time Unix required a license from Bell Laboratories that at $20,000(US) was very expensive for non-university users, while an educational license cost just $150. It was noted that Bell was "open to suggestions"
8932375
Educational Community License


The Educational Community License (ECL) is a free and open source license based on the Apache license (version 2.0) and created with the specific needs of the academic community in mind. Version 2.0 of the ECL came out of the Licensing and Policy Summit held in October 2006 in Indianapolis, Indiana where members of the academic community came together to address the concerns of releasing software written at an academic institution under a free/open source license. Members of the summit included university attorneys, technology transfer officers, free/open
21760381
FormMail


Formmail and its many variants, is a free open source web server CGI script that captures and processes form contents and then typically e-mails them to one or more recipients. The script, originally created in Perl, was originally written in early 1993 by Reuven M. Lerner, as part of his work on The Tech, and was included in the archive of CGI programs made available by NCSA HTTPd. In its original form, it was called "form-mail.pl", and was released under the GNU General Public License. The
21954891
Open-source license


based on their Open Source Definition (OSD)./onlyinclude The Free Software Foundation has related but distinct criteria for evaluating whether or not a license qualifies software as free software. Most free software licenses are also considered open-source software licenses. In the same way, the Debian project has its own criteria, the Debian Free Software Guidelines, on which the Open Source Definition is based. In the interpretation of the FSF, open-source license criteria focus on the availability of the "source code" and the ability to modify and share
2473196
Open source


decisions and status are merit-based rather than imposed) and self-organizing (processes adapt to people rather than people adapt to pre-defined processes)." Open source promotes universal access via an open-source or free license to a product's design or blueprint, and universal redistribution of that design or blueprint. Before the phrase "open source" became widely adopted, developers and producers used a variety of other terms. "Open source" gained hold with the rise of the Internet. The open-source
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Robert McCool


Robert Martin McCool (born 1973), more commonly known as Rob McCool, is a software developer and architect. McCool was the author of the original NCSA HTTPd web server, later known as the Apache HTTP Server, and until Apache version 2.2, httpd.conf files as distributed contain comments signed with his name. He wrote the first version while he was an undergraduate at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where he was working with the original NCSA Mosaic team. His twin brother, Mike, also attended the university
12048256
Daniel A. Reed (computer scientist)


2000–2003 and chaired the University of Illinois computer science department, one of the top five departments in the country, from 1996–2001. During his tenure in the CS department and at NCSA, he was instrumental in securing more than $100 million in public and private funds, which led to the development of the Thomas M. Siebel Center for Computer Science and the first permanent home for NCSA. The two buildings now anchor the university’s information technology quadrangle. In 2001, Reed led the effort to launch the National Science Foundation’s TeraGrid
19919804
Mosaic (web browser)


. Versions of Internet Explorer before version 7 stated "Based on NCSA Mosaic" in the About box. Internet Explorer 7 was audited by Microsoft to ensure that it contained no Mosaic code, and thus no longer credits Spyglass or Mosaic. After NCSA stopped work on Mosaic, development of the NCSA Mosaic for the X Window System source code was continued by several independent groups. These independent development efforts include mMosaic (multicast Mosaic) which ceased development in early 2004, and Mosaic-CK and VMS Mosaic. VMS Mosaic, a
20773210
Next College Student Athlete


Next College Student Athlete (NCSA) is a for-profit organization that connects middle and high school student-athletes with college coaches. NCSA teaches middle and high school student-athletes about the college recruiting process. The NCSA Athletic Recruiting team consists of coaches, scouts and former college athletes. NCSA Athletic Recruiting was included in the 2012 Inc. 5000, and in the top 20 of Crain's Fast Fifty in both 2013 and 2012. The headquarters of NCSA Athletic Recruiting is in Chicago, Illinois. Chris Krause is the founder
18538790
National Science Foundation Network


the supercomputer centers and other sites over the backbone network at no cost to the centers or to the regional networks using the open TCP/IP protocols initially deployed successfully on the ARPANET. The NSFNET initiated operations in 1986 using TCP/IP. Its six backbone sites were interconnected with leased 56-kbit/s links, built by a group including the University of Illinois National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), Cornell University Theory Center, University of Delaware, and Merit Network. PDP-11/73 minicomputers with routing and management software, called Fuzzballs
12798936
Blue Waters


Blue Waters is a petascale supercomputer at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. On August 8, 2007, the National Science Board approved a resolution which authorized the National Science Foundation to fund "the acquisition and deployment of the world's most powerful leadership-class supercomputer." The NSF awarded $208 million for the Blue Waters project. On August 8, 2011, NCSA announced that IBM had terminated its contract to provide hardware for the project, and would refund
3971815
NCSA Brown Dog


data embedded in Public Land Survey data dating back to 1785. This data will be used as initial conditions for models, to make sense of other large data sets and for model calibration and validation. This use case is led by Barbara Minsker, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; William Sullivan, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Arthur Schmidt, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign This case study involves developing novel green infrastructure design criteria and models that integrate requirements for storm water management and ecosystem and human health
13095264
Mosaic (web browser)


images in a separate window. While often described as the first graphical web browser, Mosaic was preceded by WorldWideWeb, the lesser-known Erwise and ViolaWWW. Mosaic was developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign beginning in late 1992. NCSA released the browser in 1993, and officially discontinued development and support on January 7, 1997. Starting in 1995 Mosaic lost market share to Netscape Navigator, and by 1997 only had a tiny fraction of users left, by
20773197
Jon Mittelhauser


Jon E. Mittelhauser (born May 1970) is a software executive who co-wrote the Windows version of NCSA Mosaic and was a founder of Netscape. Mittelhauser attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he joined the Alpha Sigma Phi fraternity and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science in 1992 and a master's degree in 1994. In 1993, as a graduate student, he co-wrote NCSA Mosaic for Windows with fellow student Chris Wilson while working at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (
9575005
License proliferation


recommends the use of the GNU GPL as much as possible, and when that is not possible, to use GPL-compatible licenses. In 2005 Intel has voluntarily retracted their Intel Open Source License from the OSI list of open source licenses and has also ceased to use or recommend this license to reduce license proliferation. The 451group created in June 2009 a proliferation report called "The Myth of Open Source License Proliferation". A 2009 paper from the University of Washington School of Law titled "Open Source License Proliferation: Helpful Diversity
8543528
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign


Institutions of Higher Education, which denotes the highest research activity. In fiscal year 2017, research expenditures at Illinois totaled $642 million. The campus library system possesses the second-largest university library in the United States by holdings after Harvard University. The university also hosts the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) and is home to the fastest supercomputer on a university campus. The university contains 16 schools and colleges and offers more than 150 undergraduate and over 100 graduate programs of study. The university holds 651 buildings on and
11501632
History of hypertext


. Early in 1993, the [[National Center for Supercomputing Applications]] (NCSA) at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign|University of Illinois]] released the first version of their [[Mosaic web browser]] to supplement the two existing [[web browser]]s: one that ran only on [[NeXTSTEP]] and one that was only minimally [[Usability|user-friendly]]. Because it could display and link graphics as well as text, Mosaic quickly became the replacement for Lynx.
323647
The Cyprus Institute


Research projects include the coordination of the Science and Technology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean (STACHEM). STACHEM will contribute to the development of a regional strategic plan for research infrastructures devoted to archaeological sciences and digital heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean, and participation in projects in Digital Cultural Heritage. The Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center (CaSToRC) is being developed jointly with the University of Illinois and in particular with its National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), it was officially launched in February 2009
9915566
Common Development and Distribution License


The Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) is a free and open-source software license, produced by Sun Microsystems, based on the Mozilla Public License (MPL). Files licensed under the CDDL can be combined with files licensed under other licenses, whether open source or proprietary. In 2005 the Open Source Initiative approved the license. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) considers it a free software license, but one which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL). Derived from the Mozilla Public License
3956577
Marc Andreessen


. As an undergraduate, he interned twice at IBM in Austin, Texas. He worked in the AIX graphics software development group which was responsible for the MIT X-windows implementation and ports of the 3D language API's: SGI's Graphics Language (GL) and PHIGS. He also worked at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois, where he became familiar with Tim Berners-Lee's open standards for the World Wide Web. Andreessen and full-time salaried co-worker Eric
18254852
Chris Krause


Chris Krause is the founder and CEO of the sports recruiting company National Collegiate Scouting Association (NCSA), a private collegiate sports recruiting company in the United States. Krause grew up in Chicago, Illinois, where he played high school football. Chris Krause later played collegiate football at Vanderbilt University, where he was a linebacker and nose guard. Following his collegiate career, Chris Krause began working for recruiting service, College Prospects in the Chicago region. Chris Krause founded the National Collegiate Scouting Association (NCSA) in 2000. Krause
21528934
Protecode


Protecode was a private company based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada that provided open source license and security management software used for software development license compliance. It was acquired by Synopsys in November, 2015 for undisclosed terms. Protecode Enterprise System is a suite of tools for managing open source software licensing. Protecode utilizes a proprietary database of indexed public open source projects to compare against a software codebase in order to identify open source components and determine license obligations. The Protecode product suite produces a software inventory report, cross-referenced to licensing
2438840
Shared Source Initiative


Ms-PL. According to the Free Software Foundation, it is a free software license but not compatible with the GNU GPL. The following source-available software licenses have limitations that prevent them from being open-source according to the Open Source Initiative and free to the Free Software Foundation. This is a version of the Microsoft Public License in which rights are only granted to developers of Microsoft Windows-based software. This license is not open source, as defined by the OSI, because the restriction limiting use of the
16872819
Comparison of free and open-source software licenses


This is a comparison of free and open-source software licenses. The comparison only covers software licenses with a linked article for details, approved by at least one expert group at the FSF, the OSI, the Debian project or the Fedora project. For a list of licenses not specifically intended for software, see List of free content licenses. FOSS stands for "Free and Open Source Software". There is no one universally agreed-upon definition of FOSS software and various groups maintain approved lists of licenses. The Open
14374202
Mahara (software)


Mahara is a free and open-source web-based electronic portfolio management system written in PHP and distributed under the GNU Public License. Mahara was named after the Māori word "mahara", which the Mahara software team defines as "to think, thinking, thought". Mahara began in 2006 as a collaboration between Massey University, Auckland University of Technology, The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand and Victoria University of Wellington, funded by the New Zealand Tertiary Education Commission. The software was designed to be an open-source
8100735
Open-source film


Open-source films (also known as open-content films and free-content films) are films which are produced and distributed by using free and open-source and open content methodologies. Their sources are freely available and the licenses used meet the demands of the Open Source Initiative (OSI) in terms of freedom. A definition of an open-source film is based on the OSI's open-source software definition and the definition of free cultural licenses. This definition can be applied to films where: Films or
21594735
Center for the Simulation of Advanced Rockets


located at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. CSAR takes advantage of the computing environment provided by NCSA for many simulations. The university's department of Computational Science and Engineering has a supercomputing cluster known as Turing, which is also utilized by CSAR. The computation environment used by CSAR takes advantage of work done by the University of Illinois' Parallel Programming Lab, in particular Charm++ and Adaptive MPI. These parallel programming frameworks allow for application development that scales easily to thousands of processors, which allows for highly complex computations to
17779609
Open-source software


-based reasons for adoption of open source – in particular, the heightened value proposition from open source (when compared to most proprietary formats) in the following categories: The "Open Source Definition" presents an open-source philosophy and further defines the terms of use, modification and redistribution of open-source software. Software licenses grant rights to users which would otherwise be reserved by copyright law to the copyright holder. Several open-source software licenses have qualified within the boundaries of the "Open Source Definition". The
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Conference XP


Technology team and released under a shared source license. In July 2007 Microsoft Research External Research and Programs announced the funding of the Center for Collaborative Technologies at the University of Washington for a duration of 3 years. The primary mission of the Center was to continue development and deployment support for ConferenceXP. In December 2010, both Microsoft and the University of Washington assigned rights to the OuterCurve Foundation, and a new Open-source license was applied, the Apache License version 2.0. After the transition to open source, the University of
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University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign University Library


. The Library's Research Data Service (RDS) is a partnership between the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, the Provost, the Library, GSLIS, CITES, and NCSA. RDS offers researchers information on data management plans (DMPs) for different agencies as well as tips and tricks for effectively organizing and sharing data with co-researchers. Illinois affiliates can set up consultations with a data specialist for more information. Located on the third floor of the Main Library, the Scholarly Commons is a hub for digital and
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Donna Cox


Donna J. Cox is an American artist and scientist, Michael Aiken Endowded Chair; Professor of Art + Design; Director, Advanced Scientific Visualization Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC); Director, Visualization and Experimental Technologies at National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA); and Director, "e"dream (Illinois Emerging Digital Research and Education in Arts Media Institute). She is a recognized pioneer in computer art and scientific visualization. Donna Cox received a B.A. at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1982
20145867
Institute for Computing in the Humanities, Arts, and Social Science


, creating, and adapting computational tools that accelerate research and education, it engages scholars from the University of Illinois and from across the globe to demonstrate approaches to next-generation interdisciplinary research with high performance computing. The Director of the Institute is Vernon Burton, Professor of History, African American Studies, and Sociology at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. He is also the Associate Director for Humanities and Social Sciences and Senior Research Scientist at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). The Executive Director is Kevin
4010287
Jim Jagielski


Incubator podlings. Jagielski is an active developer on many open source projects, ASF and otherwise. After doing some development on the NCSA HTTPd web server, he started with Apache in early-to-mid 1995, making him likely the longest active contributor within the ASF. In 2005, Jagielski was asked to serve on the Advisory Board of the Open Source Software Institute. Open Source Software Institute (OSSI) is a non-profit (501 c 6) organization of corporate, government and academic representatives. Its mission is
8832650
Open source


-source software licenses are those approved by the Open Source Initiative (OSI) based on their Open Source Definition (OSD). Generally, open source refers to a computer program in which the source code is available to the general public for use for any (including commercial) purpose, or modification from its original design. Open-source code is meant to be a collaborative effort, where programmers improve upon the source code and share the changes within the community. Code is released under the terms of a software license.
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Network Knowledge


. The meetings established the foundation for National Public Radio (NPR) and the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). The NAEB was based in Urbana, Illinois, from 1951 until 1961, when it moved to Washington, D.C. The University of Illinois applied for a television license soon after the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) lifted its freeze on new licenses (July 1, 1952). Educational television was a new concept at the time, and most of Illinois' commercial broadcasters opposed the prospect of the University of Illinois owning
14075016
Open-source software


based on the Debian Free Software Guidelines, written and adapted primarily by Bruce Perens with input from Eric S. Raymond and others. The term "open source" was originally intended to be trademarkable; however, the term was deemed too descriptive, so no trademark exists. The OSI would prefer that people treat open source as if it were a trademark, and use it only to describe software licensed under an OSI approved license. OSI Certified is a trademark licensed only to people who are distributing software licensed under a license listed on
2054359
Squiz


. This operated under a general open source license. It was a page-based tool for building and managing online projects including websites and intranets. In 2005, Squiz's MySource Matrix was demonstrated by the Government of Australia to show the viability of open source software, when compared to closed commercial alternatives. In 2007, the company announced that it would be re-licensing its MySource Matrix Tool under the GNU General Public License. The software was originally classed as open source, but many felt the move to the new license
3294118
List of live CDs


at least partially on Ubuntu, which is based on Debian: Microsoft representatives have described third-party efforts at producing Windows-based live CDs as "improperly licensed" uses of Windows, unless used solely to rescue a properly licensed installation. However, Nu2 Productions believes the use of BartPE is legal provided that one Windows license is purchased for each BartPE CD, and the Windows license is used for nothing else. Systems based on the former open source "OS/net Nevada" or ONNV open source project by Sun Microsystems
1246316
XQuery API for Java


that it passes the compatibility tests. This provision has caused some controversy. Firstly, it is not universally accepted that implementing a published specification is something that requires a license (that is, that copyright law would disallow this in the absence of a license). Secondly, the license does not meet the criteria to qualify as an open source license (see Open Source Definition), because of the ban on making extensions and modifications. This has led some open source enthusiasts to challenge whether XQJ implementations can ever be considered truly
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Open-source software


whether it considers a software license open source. The definition was based on the Debian Free Software Guidelines, written and adapted primarily by Perens. Perens did not base his writing on the "four freedoms" from the Free Software Foundation (FSF), which were only widely available later. Under Perens' definition, "open source" is a broad software license that makes source code available to the general public with relaxed or non-existent restrictions on the use and modification of the code. It is an explicit "feature
2054333
Self-checkout


. The HybridCheckout solution allows for an increased throughput and a combination of cashier operated scanning and customer self-service. In 2010, the "open-source-self-check" project was announced. By using hardware and open source software, this library self-checkout system costs less than one-tenth of the commercial version. A Java based open source self check client for libraries, which has been used at the University of Oxford, is also available under a GPL v3 license. An appeal court in California confirmed
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Pine (email client)


nano's author in a blog post criticizing the license in 2001. The University of Washington later modified their license somewhat to allow unmodified distribution of Pine alongside collections of free software, but the license still does not conform to the Open Source and the Free Software Guidelines so it is semi-free software, effectively proprietary software. In 2006, the University of Washington announced that it stopped development of Pine with Pine 4.64, although Pine continues to be supported. In its place is a new family of email tools based upon Pine
20516976
National Center for Supercomputing Applications


went on to develop the Netscape Web browser. Mosaic was later licensed to Spyglass, Inc. which provided the foundation for Internet Explorer. The server-complement was called NCSA HTTPd, which later became known as Apache HTTP Server. Other notable contributions by NCSA were the black hole simulations supporting the development of LIGO in 1992, the tracking of Comet Hale–Bopp in 1997, and the creation of a PlayStation 2 Cluster in 2003. Initially, NCSA's administrative offices were in the Water Resources Building and employees were scattered across the
1887463
Mosaic (web browser)


which time the project was discontinued. Microsoft licensed Mosaic to create Internet Explorer in 1995. After trying ViolaWWW, David Thompson demonstrated it to the NCSA software design group. This inspired Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina - two programmers working at NCSA - to create Mosaic. Andreessen and Bina originally designed and programmed NCSA Mosaic for Unix's X Window System called "xmosaic". Then, in December 1991, the Gore Bill created and introduced by then Senator and future Vice President Al Gore was passed, which provided the funding for the
20773198
News Gothic


a larger x-height for use with onscreen display. It was released in 2012 as Adobe's first open-source family under the SIL Open Font License; Adobe's training material highlights it as having a more consistent colour on the page than the rather condensed News Gothic. News Cycle is an open-source variant by Nathan Willis based on 1908 specimens of News Gothic typeface from ATF extended with full Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic glyphs. It is an open source typeface licensed under the SIL Open Font License. Linotype
18742722
SugarCRM


, SugarCRM's Sugar Cloud, one of SugarCRM's partners, or public cloud services (such as Amazon Web Services, Windows Azure, Rackspace Cloud or IBM SmartCloud). SugarCRM initially licensed Sugar Open Source under the SugarCRM Public License (based on the Mozilla Public License and the Attribution Assurance License). While users could freely redistribute Sugar Open Source and the license allowed for the inspection and modification of the source code and for the creation of derived works, critics, including Dan Farber, editor in chief at CNET, expressed
19834328
Open Source Judaism


Hspell. The Culmus Project developed Nakdan, a semi-automatic diacritics tool based on Wiktionary for use with Open Office and LibreOffice. In September 2002, Maxim Iorsh publicly released v.0.6 of Culmus, a package of Unicode Hebrew digital fonts licensed under the GPL, free software license. These and other fonts shared with SIL-OFL and GPL+FE licenses, provided the basic means for displaying Hebrew text on and offline in documents shared with Open Content licenses and in software shared with non-conflicting open-source licenses. Canonical Jewish and
7264306
Business models for open-source software


ecosystem, but it builds and delivers (to IBM's paying customers) database software, middleware, and other software that runs on top of the open-source core. Other examples of proprietary products built on open-source software include Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Cloudera's Apache Hadoop-based software. Some companies appear to re-invest a portion of their financial profits from the sale of proprietary software back into the open source infrastructure. The approach can be problematic with many open source licenses ("not license conform"
764612
Renaissance Computing Institute


University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, University of Michigan, University of Maryland, NCSA, RedHat, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and IBM. The NCDS was established by RENCI in February 2013 as a public/private partnership of leading universities, governmental and non-profit agencies, and businesses devoted to advancing data science, which the NCDS defines as "the systematic study of the organization and use of digital data in order to accelerate discovery, improve critical decision-making processes, and enable a data-driven economy.
20480322
Open-source model


of a universal access. Creative Commons provides an infrastructure through a set of copyright licenses and tools that creates a better balance within the realm of “all rights reserved” properties. The Creative Commons license offers a slightly more lenient alternative to “all rights reserved” copyrights for those who do not wish to exclude the use of their material. The Zeitgeist Movement is an international social movement that advocates a transition into a sustainable "resource-based economy" based on collaboration in which monetary incentives are replaced by commons-based ones
21568119
Business models for open-source software


include dual licensing, software as a service, not charging for the software but for services, freemium, donation-based funding, crowdfunding, and crowdsourcing. There are several different types of business models for making profit using open-source software (OSS) or funding the creation. Below are existing and legal commercial business approaches in context of open-source software and open-source licenses. The acceptance of these approaches varies; some of these approaches are recommended (like selling services), others are accepted, while still
764595
Access Linux Platform


was based on components drawn from the GNOME project, including the GTK+ and GStreamer frameworks. A variety of other core components were drawn from mainstream open source projects, including BlueZ, matchbox, cramfs, and others. These components were licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), and other open source licenses, meaning that ALP was a "free" or "open" environment on the software level. Several components from ALP were released under the Mozilla Public License as
22156799
GLtron


GLtron is a 3D snake game based on the light cycle portion of the film "Tron". The game is free and open-source software and has been ported to many mobile and non-mobile operating systems such as Windows, MacOS, Symbian and Android over the years. After being originally a private university project by Andreas Umbach in June 1998, the game's open-source development started when the source code was put to Sourceforge around 1999 under the GPLv2 software license. The game's soundtrack features the track "
9537016
Community source


Community Source is a type of software development used in colleges and universities that builds on the practices of open source software communities. The software of these collective efforts are distributed via an approved Open Source Initiative (OSI) license. Examples include the Sakai Project, Kuali, and Open Source Portfolio. Copyright for the software is often held by an independent foundation (organized as a 501c3 corporation in the United States) modeled on the contributor agreements, licensing, and distribution practices of the Apache Foundation. An important distinctive characteristic of community
11521771
SplendidCRM


that adopt SplendidCRM for internal use must adhere to the per user fee for all their users. SugarCRM has now been released under the GPLv3, although when the port was made SugarCRM was licensed under its own Sugar Public License 1.1.3 (SPL). Following criticism from the Open Source Initiative SugarCRM decided to adopt the GPLv3 to license its community edition (open source) product on July 25, 2007. The SPL is a license that was derived from the Mozilla Public License, and as such is a file-based license;
5331733
Daniel A. Reed (computer scientist)


across North America. On April 30, 2018, it was announced that Reed would assume the post of Provost and Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs at the University of Utah on July 1, 2018. Reed earned a B.S. from the University of Missouri, Rolla, and an M.S. and Ph.D from Purdue University, all in computer science. Before coming to North Carolina, Reed spent 19 years at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he led the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) from
19919803
TeraGrid


GIG) at the University of Chicago, working in partnership with the resource provider sites in the United States. The US National Science Foundation (NSF) issued a solicitation asking for a "distributed terascale facility" from program director Richard L. Hilderbrandt. The TeraGrid project was launched in August 2001 with $53 million in funding to four sites: the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) at the University of California, San Diego
2021505
GNU Affero General Public License


The GNU Affero General Public License is a free, copyleft license published by the Free Software Foundation in November 2007, and based on the GNU General Public License, version 3 and the Affero General Public License. The Free Software Foundation has recommended that the GNU AGPLv3 be considered for any software that will commonly be run over a network. The Open Source Initiative approved the GNU AGPLv3 as an open source license in March 2008 after the company Funambol submitted it for consideration through its CEO Fabrizio Capobianco. GNU AGPLv3 and GPLv3 licenses each
10752326
UFO: Alien Invasion


"' is based on a heavily modified Quake II engine This engine is free software, licensed under the GNU General Public License. Development is coordinated through SourceForge.net, and the first version was released on 30 December 2003. Since end of 2012 UFO:AI's artwork is only licensed under various open source/open content licenses (mostly CC BY-SA 3.0 and public domain), which makes the game fully free and open source software and Debian's DFSG compliant, which allows the inclusion into Linux distributions. As of
17690027
Michelle Hinn


Game Studios, where she focused on piloting usability tests for Xbox multiplayer games and ran playtests on Xbox games such as "", "", "Fuzion Frenzy", and "". Additionally, she has worked for Computer Sciences Corporation, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), and the University of Nevada, Reno. Hinn was an instructor in the Department of Library and Information Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where she taught game design courses and was the program co-ordinator
5569944
BitTorrent Open Source License


The BitTorrent Open Source License, is derived from the Jabber Open Source License, which is an Open Source Initiative (OSI) approved license. Former versions of the BitTorrent client (before 6.0) and related pieces of software are licensed under this License. A noteworthy aspect of the BitTorrent Open Source License is that it does not grant trademark license. The trademark "BitTorrent" is owned by the company BitTorrent Inc. and is governed by the Trademark Use Guidelines. Although the license is derived from an OSI-approved license, this
7221000
Open-source model


The open-source model is a decentralized software development model that encourages open collaboration. A main principle of open-source software development is peer production, with products such as source code, blueprints, and documentation freely available to the public. The open-source movement in software began as a response to the limitations of proprietary code. The model is used for projects such as in open-source appropriate technology, and open-source drug discovery. Open source promotes universal access via an open-source or free license to
21568071
Open-source license


the source code for personal use only are generally not considered as open-source licenses. However, open-source licenses may have some restrictions, particularly regarding the expression of respect to the origin of software, such as a requirement to preserve the name of the authors and a copyright statement within the code, or a requirement to redistribute the licensed software only under the same license (as in a copyleft license). One popular set of open-source software licenses are those approved by the Open Source Initiative (OSI)
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