Linux-libre [SEP] based on
[{"answer": "Linux kernel"}]
Linux-libre


the openfwwf for b43, carl9170 and ath9k_htc wireless card drivers. The source code and precompiled packages of the deblobbed Linux kernel are available directly from the distributions which use the Linux-libre scripts. Freed-ora is a subproject which prepares and maintains RPM packages based on Fedora. There are also precompiled packages for Debian and derived distributions such as Ubuntu. These distros don't use the packaged Linux-libre but instead completely deblob the proprietary Linux kernel with some of the tools to make Linux-libre. The source is then
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Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre


Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre is an operating system for the i686 and x86-64 architectures. It is based on Arch snapshots and Debian development. It includes the GNU operating system components and the Linux-libre kernel instead of the generic Linux kernel. Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre is listed by the Free Software Foundation as a completely free operating system, true to their Free System Distribution Guidelines. Hyperbola was born at the 17th annual "Fórum Internacional Software Livre" (Porto Alegre, Brazil). On 5 August
16984177
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre


Parabola GNU/Linux-libre is an operating system for the i686, x86-64 and ARMv7 architectures. It is based on many of the packages from Arch Linux and Arch Linux ARM, but distinguishes from the former by offering only free software. It includes the GNU operating system components common to many Linux distributions and the Linux-libre kernel instead of the generic Linux kernel. Parabola is listed by the Free Software Foundation as a completely free operating system, true to their Free System Distribution Guidelines. Parabola uses a rolling
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Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre


Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre is an Argentine GNU/Linux distribution written from scratch sharing some similarities with Slackware. It has a simple packaging system that allows installing, removing, upgrading and creating packages, although the system may be challenging to new users. As it only packages free software and uses the Linux-libre kernel, the Free Software Foundation endorses Dragora. Dragora is considered to be based on the "Keep it simple, stupid" (KISS) principle, believed by the authors to be a strength. Dragora
11570941
Free software


kernel and other device drivers motivated some developers in Ireland to launch gNewSense, a Linux based distribution with all the binary blobs removed. The project received support from the Free Software Foundation and stimulated the creation, headed by the Free Software Foundation Latin America, of the Linux-libre kernel. As of October 2012, Trisquel is the most popular FSF endorsed Linux distribution ranked by Distrowatch (over 12 months). While Debian is not endorsed by the FSF and does not use Linux-libre, it is also a popular distribution
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Uruk GNU/Linux


Uruk GNU/Linux-libre is a Trisquel-based GNU system. The name Uruk is an Iraqi city that states its Iraqi origin. Uruk GNU/Linux 1.0 was released on 13 April 2016 and it ships with the most common software for popular tasks. Uruk uses Linux-libre kernel for the system and MATE desktop environment for its graphical interfaces. One of the special features of Uruk is the ability to run various types of package managers at ease (including GNU Guix, urpmi, pacman, dnf). It
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GNU Project


. Mostly this includes distributions that are a combination of GNU packages with a Linux-libre kernel (a modified Linux kernel, that removes binary blobs, obfuscated code and portions of code under proprietary licenses) and consist only of free software (eschewing proprietary software entirely). Distributions that have adopted the GNU FSDG includes Dragora GNU/Linux-libre, gNewSense, Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre, Parabola GNU/Linux-libre, Trisquel GNU/Linux, Ututo, and a few others. The Fedora Project distribution license
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Linux-libre


to audit, modify or, consequently, redistribute their modified versions. The Linux kernel started to include binary blobs in 1996. The work to clear out the binary blobs began in 2006 with gNewSense's find-firmware and gen-kernel. This work was taken further by the BLAG Linux distribution in 2007 when deblob and Linux-libre was born. Linux-libre was first released by the Free Software Foundation Latin America (FSFLA), then endorsed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) as a valuable component for the
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Linux-libre


Linux-libre () is an operating system kernel and a GNU package. The GNU Project attempts to keep Linux-libre in synchronization with upstream development of the Linux kernel while removing any software that does not include its source code, has its source code obfuscated, or is released under a proprietary license. Software components with no available source code are called binary blobs and, as such, are mostly used for proprietary firmware images in the Linux kernel. While generally redistributable, binary blobs do not give the user the freedom
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GNU variants


base of GNU packages and programs and also of Linux. The most notable official use of this term for a distribution is Debian GNU/Linux. As of 2018, the only GNU variants recommended by the GNU project for regular use are Linux distributions committed to the Free System Distribution Guidelines; most of which refer to themselves as "GNU/Linux" (like Debian), and actually use a deblobbed version of Linux (like Linux-libre) and not Linux per se. Debian GNU/kFreeBSD is an operating system
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History of free and open-source software


support organization for various free software projects. Since 1996, the Linux kernel has included proprietary licensed components, so that it was no longer entirely free software. Therefore, the Free Software Foundation Latin America released in 2008 a modified version of the Linux-kernel called Linux-libre, where all proprietary and non-free components were removed. Many businesses offer customized Linux-based products, or distributions, with commercial support. The naming remains controversial. Referring to the complete system as simply "Linux" is common usage.
16187714
List of software based on Kodi and XBMC


build on ARM-based SoCs from Allwinner and Actions Semi). LeMedia OS software firmware image is a fork of Debian Linux. Libre Embedded Linux Entertainment Center (LibreELEC) is a non-profit fork of OpenELEC as an open source "just enough OS" (JeOS) Linux software appliance distro for Kodi. This fork of OpenELEC announced in March 2016 as a split from the OpenELEC team after "creative differences", taking most of its active developers at the time to join the new LibreELEC project. MediaPortal is free
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PureOS


PureOS is a Linux distribution focusing on privacy and security, using the GNOME desktop environment.. It is maintained by Purism for use in the company's Librem laptop computers and smartphones. PureOS is meant to include only free/libre open source software, and is included in the list of Free GNU/Linux distributions published by the Free Software Foundation PureOS is a Debian-based GNU/Linux distribution, merging open-source software packages from the Debian “testing” main archive . The default web browser in PureOS is called PureBrowser
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Parabola GNU/Linux-libre


except [alarm] and [aur]) for the ARMv7. It uses free replacements when possible, such as the Linux-libre kernel instead of the generic Linux kernel. The filtering process removes around 700 software packages from the repositories that do not meet the requirements of the Free Software Definition for each architecture. Parabola has established a Social Contract. The "Parabola Social Contract" commits the project to the free software community (viewing itself as only competing against nonfree systems), free culture, democracy, and to follow
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Linux kernel


on IBM's Blue Gene and other fastest supercomputers, including the top American one. , all of the world's 500 fastest supercomputers run some variant of Linux. Linux has also been ported to various handheld devices such as Apple's iPod and iPhone. There are certain variants of the Linux kernel that provide additional functionality but do not belong to the Linux kernel mainline. Such variants of the Linux kernel include Linux-libre, Compute Node Linux, Cooperative Linux, Longene, grsecurity, INK, L4Linux, MkLinux, RTLinux,
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Proprietary device driver


and undesirable... We have repeatedly found them to be detrimental to Linux users, businesses, and the greater Linux ecosystem." The Linux kernel maintainer Greg Kroah-Hartman has stated that it is illegal to redistribute closed source modules for the GNU General Public License-licensed Linux kernel. However, the Linux kernel contains closed-source firmware required by various device drivers. Alexandre Oliva, the maintainer of Linux-libre, a version of the Linux kernel that attempts to remove all binary blobs, including sourceless microcode, wrote in
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Linux Libertine


Linux Biolinum typefaces are used by the open-source design publication "Libre Graphics Magazine". Németh László created a variant of fonts with additional Graphite font tables: Linux Libertine G and Linux Biolinum G. Both these fonts are bundled with LibreOffice as of the suite's 3.3 release, with some features added in the 3.5 release. LibreOffice is the default office suite in many Linux distributions, such as Fedora, Linux Mint, openSUSE and Ubuntu. Khaled Hosny forked Linux Libertine to create the Libertinus Serif font, which added multiple enhancements
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GNewSense


application support had also been removed because of licensing issues with Mesa 3D. After January 13, 2009, those issues had been resolved and 3D support became standard starting with the 2.2 release. In reviewing gNewSense 3.0 in August 2013, Jesse Smith of DistroWatch noted that many of the applications provided, including OpenOffice.org 3, Debian's de-blobbed 2.6.32 Linux kernel (based on Linux-libre "tools"), Iceweasel 3.5 and GNOME 2.30 were quite out of date. Smith concluded this review with the following words: Generally speaking
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GNU Project


the Linux kernel "GNU/Linux", and asks others to do the same, resulting in the GNU/Linux naming controversy. Today most Linux distros combine GNU packages with a Linux kernel which contains proprietary binary blobs and a number of proprietary programs. The GNU Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG) is a system distribution commitment used to explain what it means for an installable system distribution (such as a GNU/Linux distribution) to qualify as free (libre), and help distribution developers make their distributions qualify
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GNU


system built using the Linux kernel and GNU tools and utilities, should be considered a variant of GNU, and promotes the term "GNU/Linux" for such systems (leading to the GNU/Linux naming controversy). The GNU Project has endorsed Linux distributions, such as gNewSense, Trisquel and Parabola GNU/Linux-libre. Other GNU variants which do not use the Hurd as a kernel include Debian GNU/kFreeBSD and Debian GNU/NetBSD, bringing to fruition the early plan of GNU on a BSD kernel.
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GNUmed


GNUmed is a Free/Libre electronic medical record (EMR) for Unix-like systems (BSD, Linux, and UNIX systems), Microsoft Windows, macOS and other platforms. GNUmed aims to provide medical software that respects the privacy of patients and that is based on open standards. GNUmed is based on third party projects such as free software/open source DBMS PostgreSQL and is written mostly in Python. It is supported by a graphical user interface (GUI) based on WxPython. The first version of the GNUmed was
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Linux kernel


kernel "violates the GPL", which requires "complete corresponding source code" to be available. In 2008, Free Software Foundation Latin America started Linux-libre as a project that creates a completely free variant of the Linux kernel without proprietary objects; it is used by certain completely free Linux distributions, such as those endorsed by the Free Software Foundation, while it can also be used on most distributions. On 15 December 2010, the Debian Project announced that the next Debian stable version "6.0 Squeeze" would come with
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Free Software Foundation anti-Windows campaigns


on the tepid adoption of Vista, compared to those sticking with the less-DRM infused Windows XP or moving to the FSF-defined less restrictive Mac OS X or largely free Linux or FreeBSD. A minority of GNU/Linux distros are recognized as completely free, however like kFreeBSD vanilla Linux kernel contains binary blob device drivers. This is solved by Linux-libre. In 2009, a campaign targeted towards Windows 7 was launched by the Free Software Foundation under the name "Windows 7 Sins". The campaign's site
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Open-source economics


example, the rise of Linux, an open-source computer operating system, helped prevent Microsoft from being considered a monopolist. Microsoft considered Linux to be their main competitor during the 1990s. Many computer makers offer Linux or Windows for their users, and a large percentage of mobile phone and tablet operating systems are Android, which is a Linux variant. Not only are monopolies affected, but several other businesses with strongholds are affected. Microsoft office has open-source competitors such as Libre Office. Numerous companies have created businesses around
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Freenix


Freenix (formerly known as FreeSlack) is a Free and Open-Source Software project and Slackware-derived GNU/Linux distribution. The project's primary goals are to document all non-free software components in the Slackware distribution and to make it easy for users to maintain a fully free Slackware-based OS. The project has developed an easy way to maintain a free OS based on Slackware and is committed to ongoing compliance with the Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG). Freenix achieves its free and libre edition of
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SolveSpace


SolveSpace is a free libre and open source 2D and 3D CAD (computer-aided design) program. It is a constraint-based parametric modeler with simple mechanical simulation capabilities. Version 2.1 onward runs on Windows, Linux and macOS. It is developed by Jonathan Westhues and a community of volunteers. Applications include: SolveSpace is free software distributed under GPLv3. Files to open need to be in its own text-based SolveSpace Models (*.slvs) format. Various export formats are provided, including 2D vector drawing as DXF
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Musix GNU+Linux


including two realtime-patched Linux-Libre kernels. On 2009-05-17 the first Beta version of Musix 2.0 was released. The final Musix GNU+Linux 2.0 version on CD, DVD and USB has been launched in November 2009 by Daniel Vidal, Suso Comesaña, Carlos Sanchiavedraz, Joseangon and other Musix developers. This version has been presented at the "Palau Firal de Congressos de Tarragona, España" by Suso Comesaña. A quite similar LINUX-version is developed by a Brazilian music teacher Gilberto André Borges and is named
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Chemnitz Linux Days


The Chemnitz Linux Days (), are an annual event focusing on Linux and free (libre) software in general. It takes place in the auditory and seminar building of Chemnitz University of Technology ( / TU Chemnitz) in the federal state of Saxony, in the south-east of Germany. There are talks, project booths (both by community projects and by enterprises in the FOSS market), workshops, install parties, child care and playful educational lectures for the younger visitors, as well as technical help desks (
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FLISOL


questions, exchange opinions and experiences, attend to informative talks and others activities. Introduce Software Libre by its most known representative: Linux; or by installing Software Libre like LibreOffice, GIMP, Firefox and many more. During the event, operating systems or other free alternatives are installed for free to people who want to on their computers. Also talks are given along with papers and workshops about local, national and Latin American topics related to "Software Libre" and its movement. Is important to know, that the objective itself
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Libre Computer Project


and features the following specifications: NOTE: GPIO Header Pin 11 or HDMI CEC is selectable by onboard jumper. They can not be used at the same time since they share the same pad. The "Tritium" board was funded on Kickstarter on 13 January 2018 with the following specifications: Libre Computer is focused on upstream support in open-source software using standardized API interfaces. This includes Linux, u-boot, LibreELEC RetroArch, and more. A variety of open-source operating systems may be used on Libre Computer
8633039
Geeqie


best in class". A 2011 "Linux Insider" review awarded it 5 out of 5 stars. A 2010 "Linux Magazine" review called Geeqie an "indispensable tool", "lightning fast". A 2012 "Libre Graphics World" review noted that Geeqie seems to be "the only up-to-date JPS and MPO viewer on Linux right now". A negative review in 2010 from "Tom's Hardware" said it "doesn't offer much more than system default apps". GQview is the
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Parabola GNU/Linux-libre


Arch's philosophy. Under the covenant are included the GNU Free System Distribution Guidelines. There are two ways to install Parabola, either from scratch using installable ISO images, or by migrating from an existing Arch-based system. The latter process is almost as simple as switching to the Parabola repositories list. TalkingParabola is a derivative install CD based on TalkingArch. It is a respin of the Parabola ISO modified to include speech and braille output for blind and visually impaired users. TalkingParabola retains all the features of the Parabola live image
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GNU


proprietary platforms such as Microsoft Windows and macOS. GNU programs have been shown to be more reliable than their proprietary Unix counterparts. As of November 2015, there are a total of 466 GNU packages (including decommissioned, 383 excluding) hosted on the official GNU development site. The official kernel of GNU Project was the GNU Hurd microkernel; however, as of 2012, the Linux kernel became officially part of the GNU Project in the form of Linux-libre, a variant of Linux with all proprietary components removed. With the
11577516
Kongoni (operating system)


Kongoni is a Linux distribution that used the free version of the Linux kernel as distributed by the Linux-libre project. Development of the Kongoni project is currently dormant. Kongoni was a desktop oriented operating system with a strong belief in being free (as in freedom) and aimed to be easy to install, use and customize. Kongoni did not ship with, include or offer the ability to install any software not approved by the Free Software Foundation. Kongoni is the Shona word for Gnu, the same animal the GNU Project
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Alexandre Oliva


Alexandre "Alex" Oliva, is a Brazilian free software activist, developer and founding member of Free Software Foundation Latin America (FSFLA). He is currently on-hold from his PhD studies at the Institute of Computing of the State University of Campinas, Brazil whilst working as a compiler engineer at Red Hat, contributing in the GCC compiler. He is the maintainer of Linux-libre, a fork of the Linux kernel which removes non-free software components, such as binary blobs from the kernel. The Linux-
19612914
Replicant (operating system)


Replicant is a free operating system (OS) based on the Android mobile platform that aims to replace all proprietary Android components with free-software (“libre” software) counterparts. It is available for several smartphones and tablet computers. It is written in the same programming languages as Android (as it is forked from it, though indirectly), while the modifications are mostly in the C language, as the changes are mostly to the lower-level parts of the OS, such as the Linux kernel and drivers that
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Mm tree


-mm tree was overloaded with new patches, so testing it became overly difficult. On Sep 17 2007, Andrew Morton sent a mail saying that "this just isn't working any more". The presence of the new linux-next git repository has offloaded much of the work that made mm maintenance so difficult, allowing Andrew Morton to continue to use Quilt to manage his series of "mmotm" (mm of the moment) patches. Andrew Morton includes a subset of the mmotm patches in linux-next, which has
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Linux-libre


totally free Linux distributions. It became a GNU package on March 2012. Alexandre Oliva is the project maintainer. The removal process is achieved by using a script called "deblob-main". This script is inspired by the one used for gNewSense. Jeff Moe made subsequent modifications to meet certain requirements for its use with the BLAG Linux and GNU distribution. There is another script called "deblob-check", which is used to check if a kernel source file, a patch or a compressed sources file still contains software
17611460
GNU/Linux naming controversy


. It is argued that when the Linux kernel was independently created in 1991, it merely provided a substantial missing piece. Several distributions employ the FSF-endorsed name, such as Debian, Trisquel and Parabola GNU/Linux-libre. In 1983, Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, set forth plans of a complete Unix-like operating system, called GNU, composed entirely of free software. In September of that year, Stallman published a manifesto in Dr. Dobb's Journal detailing his new project publicly,
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Parabola GNU/Linux-libre


a USB 3G/WiFi modem, though having something always connected to USB port is pretty annoying on laptop and specifically on netbook.)" Czarkoff also criticized the lack of documentation available for Parabola. He concluded "The overall impression of the Parabola GNU/Linux user experience exactly matches the one of Arch: a system with easy and flexible installation and configuration process and good choice of free software packages. Though the lack of documentation spoils the user experience, the Arch Linux resources can be used to further configure and extend the
18577512
Lzip


container format with checksums and magic numbers instead of the raw LZMA data stream, providing a complete Unix-style solution for using LZMA. Nevertheless, LZMA Utils was extended to have similar features and then renamed to XZ Utils. The Linux distribution "Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre" employs lzip for its software packages. In popular Linux distributions, lzip can usually be installed from official package repositories. Cygwin offers lzip as a maintained optional package (Archive category of its setup installer), and its tar utility program has support
559535
LibreCMC


LibreCMC is a GNU/Linux-libre distribution for computers with minimal resources, such as the Ben NanoNote, ath9k-based Wi-Fi routers, and other hardware with emphasis on free software. The project's current goal is to aim for compliance with the GNU Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG) and ensure that the project continues to meet these requirements set forth by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). Another project named LibreWRT was listed by the website prism-break.org as one of the alternatives to proprietary firmware. Initially
17415543
Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre


2017, support for systemd was dropped in favor of OpenRC as its default init system to support the Init Freedom Campaign begun by Devuan. On 6 December 2018, Hyperbola was the first Brazilian distribution recognized as a completely free project by GNU, making it part of the FSF list of free distributions. Hyperbola has established a Social Contract. The "Hyperbola Social Contract" commits the project to the free software community, free culture, privacy, stability, and to follow Arch-based system packaging, yet under the principles of
16984178
Free software in Kerala


SMC is a Free software collective which works in the space of Indic language computing. SMC is the upstream maintainers for Malayalam fonts and tools for popular GNU/Linux based operating systems such as Fedora and Debian. They also maintain localizations for Free Software Desktops (GNOME/KDE) and applications such as Firefox and Libre Office. Kerala hosts a regular international conference on Free Software which runs once every 2 – 4 years. This conference is done with the involvement of the Government of Kerala and the Free software community. International Center
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Purism (company)


PureOS was endorsed by the Free Software Foundation in December 2017. Librem laptops ship with PureOS by default and an optional Qubes OS Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive. Purism says that it is easy for Librem owners to install alternative Linux distributions and that owners have the freedom to install any operating system that they wish to install. Librem is the brand name used by Purism for all of their computer hardware products since the firm's first website in late 2014. The name is based on the French word "Libre" for
9625660
Richard Stallman


. Two alternatives which Stallman does accept are "software libre" and "unfettered software", but "free software" is the term he asks people to use in English. For similar reasons, he argues for the term "proprietary software" rather than "closed-source software", when referring to software that is not free software. Stallman asks that the term "GNU/Linux", which he pronounces , be used to refer to the operating system created by combining the GNU system and the kernel Linux.
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GNU Guix


uses the Linux-libre kernel, with support for the GNU Hurd kernel under development. On February 3, 2015, the distribution was added to the Free Software Foundation's list of free Linux distributions. The following CPU architectures are supported: IA-32, x64, AArch32, AArch64 and in April 2019 work was in progress for POWER9 support. System services are a core feature in Guix System that enables the user to declaratively compose the configuration of daemons and background services and easily specify the relevant configurations. This enables the user to
11969132
Linux-libre


which is suspected of being proprietary. Aside from the primary intended effect of running a system with only free software, the practical consequences of removing device firmware that a user is not allowed to study or modify has both positive and negative effects. Advantages include the removal of device firmware which cannot be audited for bugs, security problems and malicious operations (such as backdoors), or fixed by the Linux kernel maintainers themselves even if they know of them. It is possible for the entire system to be compromised by a malicious
17611461
Freenix


Slackware by applying only the minimum of necessary, well documented changes to an otherwise unchanged Slackware. Consequently Freenix uses the deblobbed Linux-libre kernel and keeps track of the licensing of every Slackware component and package. Components not complying to the FSDG are listed and removed. Derived from Slackware, Freenix belongs to the systemd-free GNU/Linux distributions. As of May 2018 the latest official release is Freeslack64 14.2 under the then used former project name, matching the latest Slackware 14.2 release. Currently Freenix is available for x86_64 systems
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GIMP


edit options for that layer. The tools tab and layers tab are the most common dockable tabs. The Libre Graphics Meeting (LGM) is a yearly event where developers of GIMP and other projects meet up to discuss issues related to free and open-source graphics software. The GIMP developers hold birds of a feather (BOF) sessions at this event. The current version of GIMP works with numerous operating systems, including Linux, Mac OS and Microsoft Windows. Many Linux distributions include GIMP as a part of their desktop operating
12381112
Linux distribution


lets the manufacturer determine the refund policy. With previous versions of Windows, it was possible to obtain a refund if the manufacturer failed to provide the refund by litigation in the small claims courts. On 15 February 1999, a group of Linux users in Orange County, California held a "Windows Refund Day" protest in an attempt to pressure Microsoft into issuing them refunds. In France, the Linuxfrench and AFUL (French speaking Libre Software Users' Association) organizations along with free software activist Roberto Di Cosmo started a "Windows
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Parabola GNU/Linux-libre


release model like Arch, such that a regular system update is all that is needed to obtain the latest software. Development focuses on system simplicity, community involvement and use of the latest free software packages. Parabola was originally proposed by members of the gNewSense IRC channel in 2009. Members of different Arch Linux communities, especially Spanish-speaking members, started the development and maintenance of the project software and documentation. On May 20, 2011, the Parabola distribution was recognized as a completely free project by GNU, making it part
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Xara Xtreme LX


using the wxWidgets toolkit. At the opening of the Libre Graphics Meeting 2006 in Lyon, France, Xara released most of the source code of Xara Xtreme for Linux in an updated website with details on how to access the sources. According to the Xara Xtreme for Linux homepage, the released source code contained "the majority of the Xara Xtreme source code" excluding the CDraw rendering engine only available in the form of static GCC libraries for a few selected CPU architectures. The 0.3 beta series allowed use of the .xar file format
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Trisquel


stated that the release was suitable for beginners and advanced users. Chris Fisher and Matt Hartley of The Linux Action Show! praised the design, ease of use, and hardware support of Trisquel 5.5 and Trisquel 5.5 Mini, but found that the Linux-libre kernel found in Trisquel impedes functionality of proprietary wireless devices. They argued that the distribution was targeting power users and that new users should use a different distribution. Richard Stallman announced in January 2015 that he is using Trisquel on a Thinkpad X60 instead of his former computer the
6850439
FileZilla


is very quick and is regularly updated. It may not have a beautiful GUI, but it certainly is fast and has never let me down." Go Daddy, Clarion University of Pennsylvania and National Capital FreeNet recommend FileZilla for uploading files to their web hosting services. FileZilla is available in the repositories of many Linux distributions, including Debian, Ubuntu, Trisquel and Parabola GNU/Linux-libre. In January 2012, CNET gave FileZilla their highest rating of "spectacular"—five out of five stars. Since the project's participation in
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Parabola GNU/Linux-libre


distribution. If my hardware would allow, I would probably stick with Parabola." Parabola used to have a mips64el port to provide support for the Chinese Loongson processor used in the Lemote Yeeloong laptop. It was discontinued due to a lack of resources and interest, and the final activity was seen in July 2014. Robert Rijkhoff reviewed Parabola GNU/Linux for DistroWatch in September 2017. The project uses only 100% free software from the official Arch repositories for the i686 and x86-64 architectures and official Arch ARM repositories (
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SolveSpace


, EPS, PDF, SVG, HPGL, STEP; 3D wireframe as DXF and STEP; triangle mesh as STL and Wavefront OBJ; and NURBS surfaces as STEP. A brief review and interview with the developer appeared in Libre Graphics World. This review praises SolveSpace for its small executable file size, its advanced constraints solver and range of output formats. The same review notes some drawbacks, mainly its slow and limited processing of NURBS booleans and lack of native Linux support. However, native Linux support has since been added.
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Install Party des Savoie


Install Party des Savoie is a kind of installfest, a social event that aims to popularize Linux operating system and Libre software. During a day, people from Pays de Savoie, which is both Savoy and Upper Savoy departements, is welcomed to get familiar with a new desktop environment, Linux, renowned for its ability to be reliable and virus-free. Thus, local public has many ways to discover the concept of free software: Traditionally, Install Party des Savoie takes place in May in various cities amongst the two Savoys
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DeLi Linux


Desktop Light Linux (DeLi Linux for short) was a desktop Linux distribution for old PCs. Until version 0.6.1 DeLi Linux was based on Slackware 7, using Linux 2.2. DeLi Linux version 0.7 is a development from scratch with Linux 2.4.33.3 and no longer based on Slackware. The OS still used the Slackware package management, additionally there is a new port system based on CRUX. DeLi Linux is now based on uClibc instead of the GNU C Library. A port of OpenBSD's Korn shell is used as the default shell.
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Signal Transfer Point


A Signal Transfer Point (STP) is a router that relays SS7 messages between "signaling end-points" (SEPs) and other signaling transfer points (STPs). Typical SEPs include "service switching points" (SSPs) and "service control points" (SCPs). The STP is connected to adjacent SEPs and STPs via signaling links. Based on the address fields of the SS7 messages, the STP routes the messages to the appropriate outgoing signaling link. Edge STPs can also route based upon message body content using
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Sunwah Linux


RAYS Linux (previously Sun Wah Linux) was a Chinese Debian-based Linux distribution. Sunwah Linux was a Debian-based distribution. It was the first Chinese Linux distribution to receive Linux Standard Base (LSB) certification. The system architecture was designed in Hong Kong and the programming was developed in Nanjing. The distribution was sponsored by the Sunwah Group in Hong Kong and the Jiangsu Provincial Government of China. Sunwah - PearL Linux (abbreviated SWP), the technology training entity of the group, has been providing research assistance
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United States hydrogen policy


programs. Each states energy office gets SEP funding and manages all SEP funded projects. For more information about the SEP, including project descriptions, visit the SEP website. Clean Ports USA is an incentive-based program designed to help reduce emissions by encouraging port authorities to redesign and replace older diesel engines with new technologies and cleaner fuels. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Clean Diesel Campaign offers funding to port authorities to help them overcome the obstacles that prevent the adoption of cleaner diesel technologies. Clean Construction USA promotes the reduction
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Software remastering


as a base platform that acts as a distribution "template" that ensures interoperability between packages, and upon which one is encouraged to remaster any "all new" GNU/Linux OS distributions. Linux Mint has its own remastering tool called "mintConstructor" for creating distributions based on Linux Mint, and for creating ISO files. Also, the package manager uses .mint files. Linux Mint is based on the Ubuntu Linux distribution, but Ubuntu is based on the Debian distribution. Because Linux Mint also offers a Debian Edition, they
11773886
M1 Abrams


plating welded on the turret front. The M1 can be equipped with mine plow and mine roller attachments. The M1A2 was a further improvement of the M1A1 with a commander's independent thermal viewer, weapon station, position navigation equipment, and a full set of controls and displays linked by a digital data bus. These upgrades also provided the M1A2 with an improved fire control system. The M1A2 System Enhancement Package (SEP) added digital maps, Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below (FBCB2) Linux communications system capabilities for commanders
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Smeegol Linux


Smeegol Linux is a new MeeGo and openSUSE Linux-based open source mobile operating system made available from Novell and their openSUSE Goblin Team under the name Smeegol Linux. This Linux distribution combines openSUSE with MeeGo's netbook oriented user interface to get a new Linux distribution designed for netbooks. What makes Smeegol Linux unique when compared to the upstream MeeGo or openSUSE is that this distribution is at its core based on openSUSE but has the MeeGo User Experience as well as a few other changes such as adding the Mono-based Banshee media player
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Linux Standard Base


The Linux Standard Base (LSB) is a joint project by several Linux distributions under the organizational structure of the Linux Foundation to standardize the software system structure, including the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard used in the Linux kernel. The LSB is based on the POSIX specification, the Single UNIX Specification (SUS), and several other open standards, but extends them in certain areas. According to the LSB: The goal of the LSB is to develop and promote a set of open standards that will increase compatibility among Linux distributions and enable
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Linux Lite


following software is included as part of the operating system: The following software additional to the operating system is offered: Linux Lite began in 2013 with the release of Linux Lite 1.0.0, code-named "Amethyst", based on Ubuntu. It was initially developed and designed to attract Windows users to a Linux based operating system. The idea was to dispel myths that Linux was hard to use. Linux Lite started out with a number system made up of the following - 1.0.0 The '1' represented the base code from
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Anaconda (installer)


Anaconda is a free and open-source system installer for Linux distributions. Anaconda is used by Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Oracle Linux, Scientific Linux, CentOS, Qubes OS, Fedora, Sabayon Linux and BLAG Linux and GNU, also in some less known and discontinued distros like Progeny Componentized Linux (based on Debian, founded by Ian Murdock), Asianux, Foresight Linux, Rpath Linux and VidaLinux (based on Gentoo). Anaconda offers a text-mode and GUI mode, so users can install on a wide range
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World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
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List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
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Wireless tools for Linux


Wireless tools for Linux is a collection of user-space utilities written for Linux kernel-based operating systems to support and facilitate the configuration of device drivers of wireless network interface controllers and some related aspects of networking using the Linux Wireless Extension. The Wireless tools for Linux and Linux Wireless Extension are maintained by Jean Tourrilhes and sponsored by Hewlett-Packard. It is included with most operating system distributions built on the Linux kernel. In many Linux distributions, this package is included by default, or based on whether a wireless card
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Linux Mark Institute


The Linux Mark Institute (LMI, fully "LMI Oregon, LLC") is an organization which administers the ""Linux"" trademark on behalf of Linus Torvalds for computer software which includes the Linux kernel, computer hardware utilizing Linux-based software, and for services associated with the implementation and documentation of Linux-based products. The "Linux" trademark is owned by Linus Torvalds in the U.S., Germany, the E.U., and Japan for "Computer operating system software to facilitate computer use and operation". The
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Linux Lite


Linux Lite is a Linux distribution, based on Debian and Ubuntu and created by a team led by Jerry Bezencon. The distribution offers a lightweight desktop experience with a customized Xfce desktop environment. It includes a set of "Lite application" to make the life easier for a novice Linux user. Linux Lite is a 'gateway operating system'. It was created to make the transition from Windows to a Linux based operating system as smooth as possible. Linux Lite follows the Unix philosophy in regards to software selection and programming as
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Linux for PlayStation 2


to enable modem support if the retail Network Adaptor (which includes a built-in V.90 modem) is used. The kit supports display on RGB monitors (with sync-on-green) using a VGA cable provided with the Linux Kit, or television sets with the normal cable included with the PlayStation 2 unit. The PS2 Linux distribution is based on Kondara MNU/Linux, a Japanese distribution itself based on Red Hat Linux. PS2 Linux is similar to Red Hat Linux 6, and has most of the features one
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Richard Mattern Montgomery


staff. Sep 1956-Aug 1959 In 1956 he was assigned as deputy commander of the 2d Air Force (SAC). Following this two-year tour, he became commander of the 3d Air Division at Guam, with responsibility for SAC Forces West of the 180th meridian. Sep 1952-Sep 1956 The assignment which did most to shape his subsequent career was that of chief of staff, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command, Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, in September 1952, a post he held until September 1956. As a principal staff
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Arch Linux


the Arch Linux ideas and tools to other kernels, including PacBSD (formerly ArchBSD) and Arch Hurd, which are based on the FreeBSD and GNU Hurd kernels respectively. There is also the Arch Linux ARM project, which aims to port Arch Linux to ARM-based devices, including the Raspberry Pi, as well as the Arch Linux 32 project, which continues support for systems with 32-bit only CPUs after the mainline Arch Linux project dropped support for the architecture in November 2017. OSNews reviewed Arch Linux in 2002: OSNews also
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Caldera OpenLinux


Linux Kongress in Berlin, Germany, Caldera announced its plans to obtain POSIX and FIPS certifications and the X/Open brand for UNIX 95 and XPG4 BASE 95 for the Linux operating system kernel and "Open Linux". In contrast to CND OpenLinux was based on LST Power Linux, a Slackware-derived distribution that had been maintained by Linux Support Team since 1993 and the first to come with a Linux 2.0 kernel. In 1996 Linux Support Team grew into Stefan Probst's and Ralf Flaxa's company LST Software GmbH (with
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux


the operating system in their products. Two of the best known are the Console Operating System in VMware ESX Server and Oracle Linux respin. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 ("Ootpa") is based on Fedora 28, upstream Linux kernel 4.18, GCC 8.2, glibc 2.28, systemd 239, and GNOME 3.28. The first beta was announced on . Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 was officially released on . Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 ("Maipo") is based on Fedora 19, upstream Linux kernel 3.10, systemd 208
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Scientific Linux


General Public License. Fermilab already had a Linux distribution known as Fermi Linux, a long-term support release based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. CERN was creating their next version of CERN Linux, also based on RHEL. CERN contacted Fermilab about doing a collaborative release. Connie Sieh was the main developer and driver behind the first prototypes and initial release. The first official release of Scientific Linux was version 3.0.1, released on May 10, 2004. In 2015, CERN began migrating away from Scientific Linux to CentOS. Scientific
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PowerLinux


PowerLinux is the combination of a Linux-based operating system (OS) running on PowerPC- or Power ISA-based computers from IBM. It is often used in reference along with "Linux on Power", and is also the name of several Linux-only IBM Power Systems. In the late 1990s, IBM began considering the Linux operating system. In 2000, IBM announced it would promote Linux. In 2001, IBM invested $1 billion to back the Linux movement, embracing it as an operating system for IBM servers
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Kuki Linux


Kuki Linux (pronounced "cookie") was a lightweight Ubuntu based distribution that was active in 2008 and 2009. It was created to be a replacement for the Fedora based Linpus Linux distribution bundled with the Acer Aspire One with the aim of being lightweight, fast, and optimized for netbooks. Like Ubuntu, Kuki Linux was free software. Kuki Linux was developed as a replacement for the Linpus Operating System installed on the Linux variant of the Acer Aspire One. Kuki's aims included backwards compatibility with Ubuntu, to make optimal
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BackSlash Linux


BackSlash Linux is an Ubuntu and Debian-based operating system developed in India by Kumar Priyansh for AMD64 and Intel x64-based personal computers. It is based on free software and every release of the operating system is named after the characters of the 2013 Disney film "Frozen". Since the third major release, BackSlash Linux Olaf, BackSlash Linux has used its own custom version of KDE, called the BackSlash Shell, as the default user desktop. BackSlash Linux's design is very hybrid. It resembles macOS at first glance, with
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Caldera (company)


, which was based on Red Hat Linux and Novell's Corsair Internet Desktop. It also included LISA (Linux Installation and System Administration), which had been developed by the German Linux Support Team (LST) for their own Linux distribution. The newer OpenLinux distribution was based on LST Power Linux, a Slackware-derived distribution that had been maintained by LST since 1993 and the first to come with a Linux 2.0 kernel. Looking for a DOS operating system to bundle with their OpenLinux distribution, Caldera, backed up by The
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AV Linux


out of the box. AV Linux is bundled with software for both everyday use and media production. As of AV Linux 2016, AV Linux gets its software packages from the KXStudio repositories, which are compatible with Debian, and therefore AV Linux. This reduces duplication of effort and allows the effort focus to be on a solid base distribution suitable for audio production. For this reason, AV Linux 2016 development has focused more on the base distribution than bundling it with large amounts of software, as it did with previous versions.
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Linux Mint


Mint 1.0, code-named "Ada", based on Kubuntu. Following its release, Linux Mint 2.0 "Barbara" was the first version to use Ubuntu as its codebase. Linux Mint had few users from these early versions until the release of Linux Mint 3.0, "Cassandra". Linux Mint 2.0 was based on Ubuntu 6.10, using its package repositories and using it as a codebase. From there, Linux Mint followed its own codebase, building each release from its previous one, but continued to use the package
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Progeny Linux Systems


Progeny Linux Systems was a company which provided Linux platform technology. Their Platform Services technology supported both Debian and RPM-based distributions for Linux platforms. Progeny Linux Systems was based in Indianapolis. Ian Murdock, the founder of Debian, was the founder and Chairman of the Board. Its CTO was John H. Hartman, and Bruce Byfield was marketing and communications director. Progeny created an operating system called Progeny Componentized Linux. Progeny eventually announced via a post to their mailing lists on 1 May 2007 that they were ceasing operations. "
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September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
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Chrome OS


the Italian bread-based starter, and as a pun on Crouton. Crostini runs a virtual machine through a virtual machine monitor called crosvm, which uses Linux's built-in KVM virtualization tool. Although crosvm supports multiple virtual machines, the one used for running Linux apps, Termina, contains a basic Chrome OS kernel and userland utilities, in which it runs containers based on Linux containers (specifically LXD). Chrome OS is built on top of the Linux kernel. Originally based on Ubuntu, its base was changed to
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Linux Standard Base


Linux Standard Base 3.1 specification) and the ISO/IEC 9945:2003 (POSIX) International Standard. ISO/IEC 23360 and ISO/IEC TR 24715 can be freely downloaded from ISO website. While the LSB is a standard and without a competitor, it is followed only by few Linux distributions. For instance, only 21 distribution releases (versions) are certified for LSB version 4.0, notably Red Flag Linux Desktop 6.0, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.0, SUSE Linux Enterprise 11, and Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope); even
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux


is the most recent minor release aka rhel 7Y where y is the latest greatest. One can not go back in time, aka 7.5.z to 7.4.z and will NOT be supported. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 was forked from Fedora 12 and contains many backported features from Fedora 13 and 14. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 ("Maipo") is based on Fedora 19, upstream Linux kernel 3.10, , uses Linux kernel 3.10.0-123 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 ("Ootpa") is based on Fedora 28, upstream
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19th Air Refueling Squadron


The 19th Air Refueling Squadron (19 ARS) is an inactive unit of the United States Air Force. At the time of its inactivation, it was based at Otis Air Force Base. On 19 Sep 1985 the 19th Air Refueling Squadron,(Medium), was consolidated with the 19th Ferrying Squadron, a unit that was last active 31 Mar 1944. This action was directed by Department of the Air Force Letter DAF/MPM 662q Attachment 2 (Inactive Units), 19 Sep 1985. The Consolidated Unit will retain the Designation of 19th
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ALT Linux


ALT Linux is a set of Russian RPM-based operating systems built on top of the Linux kernel and Sisyphus packages repository. ALT Linux has been developed collectively by ALT Linux Team developers community and ALT Linux Ltd. ALT Linux Team arose from the merger of IPLabs Linux Team and the Linux community of the Institute of Logic, Cognitive Science and Development of Personality. The latter cooperated with Mandrake Linux and SUSE teams to improve localization (specifically Cyrillic), producing a Linux-Mandrake Russian Edition (RE). Mandrake and Mandrake RE
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ArchLabs


ArchLabs Linux is a lightweight rolling release Linux distribution based on a minimal Arch Linux operating system with the Openbox window manager. The Openbox ArchLabs Linux Distro is inspired by BunsenLabs and uses Arch Linux as a base. The distribution contains "Al-Installer" as its installation script, as well as baph, an AUR helper. "Mínimo" was the first of this minimal release with a change from the traditional Openbox panel, Tint2 to Polybar. Also introduced in this release was the original welcome script, named "AL-
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CeCILL


the USA). Version 2 was developed after consultations with the French-speaking Linux and Free Software Users' Association, the "Association pour la Promotion et la Recherche en Informatique Libre", and the Free Software Foundation; it was released on 21 May 2005. According to the CeCILL FAQ there are no major differences in spirit, though there are in terms. The most notable difference in CeCILL v2 is the fact that the English text was approved not as a draft translation (as in CeCILL v1) but as an
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Linux


Linux ( ) is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution. Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name "GNU/Linux" to emphasize the importance of GNU software,
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Sharp Zaurus


The Sharp Zaurus is the name of a series of personal digital assistants (PDAs) made by Sharp Corporation. The Zaurus was the most popular PDA during the 1990s in Japan and was based on a proprietary operating system. The first Sharp PDA to use the Linux operating system was the SL-5000D, running the Qtopia-based Embedix Plus. The Linux Documentation Project considers the Zaurus series to be "true Linux PDAs" because their manufacturers install Linux-based operating systems on them by default. The name derives from the common suffix
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Linux Mint


"Felicia", each release was now completely based on the latest Ubuntu release, built directly from it, and timed for approximately one month after the corresponding Ubuntu release, usually in May or November. In 2010, Linux Mint released Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE). Unlike the other Ubuntu-based editions (Ubuntu Mint), LMDE was originally a rolling release based directly on Debian and was not tied to Ubuntu packages or its release schedule. It was announced on May 27, 2015 that the Linux Mint team
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Bruce Perens


-source software. He was fired as a result of his anti-Microsoft statements, which especially became an issue after HP acquired Compaq, a major manufacturer of Microsoft Windows-based PCs, in 2002. In 1998, Perens founded, and became the first project leader, of the Linux Standard Base project, a joint project by several Linux distributions now under the organizational structure of the Linux Foundation to standardize the Linux software system structure. In 2003 Perens created UserLinux, a Debian-based distribution whose stated goal was,
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Novell


to offer virtualization based on the Xen hypervisor. SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop (popularly known as SLED) featured a new user-friendly GUI and XGL-based 3D display capabilities. The release of SLE 10 was marketed with the phrase "Your Linux is Ready", meant to convey that Novell's Linux offerings were ready for the enterprise. In late September 2006 Novell announced a real-time version of SLES called "SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time" (SLERT), based on technology from Concurrent Computer Corporation. In 2004
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Linux console


pixels per character. The Linux console is an optional kernel feature, and most embedded Linux systems do not enable it. These systems typically provide an alternative user interface (e.g. web based), or boot immediately into a graphical user interface and use this as the primary means of interacting with the user. Other implementations of the Linux console include the Braille console to support refreshable Braille displays. and the serial port console. The Linux console provides a way for the kernel and other processes to output text-based messages to the
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