Joan of Arc [SEP] canonization status
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


could use Joan for his nationalist purposes, Napoleon allowed Orléans to resume its yearly celebration of the lifting of the siege, commissioned Augustin Dupré to strike a commemorative coin, and had Jean-Antoine Chaptal inform the mayor of Orléans that he approved of a resolution by the municipal council for Edme-François-Étienne Gois to erect his statue of Joan: "The illustrious career of Joan of Arc proves that there is no miracle French genius cannot perform in the face of a threat against national freedom." Gois's work
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


was relocated to Place Dauphiné in 1855, replaced with a statue of Joan by Denis Foyatier. Although Nicolas Lenglet Du Fresnoy and Clément Charles François de Laverdy are credited with the first full-length biographies of Joan, several English authors ironically sparked a movement which led to her canonization. Harvard University English literature professor Herschel Baker noted in his introduction to "Henry VI" for "The Riverside Shakespeare" how appalled William Warburton was by the depiction of Joan in "Henry VI, Part 1", and that Edmond Malone sought
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


Joan of Arc Church was dedicated to her. As Joan found her way further into popular culture, the Government of France commissioned Emmanuel Frémiet to erect a statue of her in the Place des Pyramides -- the only public commission of the state from 1870 to 1914. The French Navy dedicated four vessels to her: a 52-gun frigate (1820); a 42-gun frigate (1852); an ironclad corvette warship (1867); and an armored cruiser (1899). Philippe-Alexandre Le Brun de Charmettes's biography (1817
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


the King, Louis XII of that name" in circa 1500. Joan's cult of personality was opposed by the leaders of the French Revolution as she was a devout Catholic who had served the monarchy. They banned the yearly celebration of the lifting of the siege of Orleans, and Joan's relics, including her sword and banner, were destroyed. A statue of Joan erected by the people of Orléans in 1571 (to replace one destroyed by Protestants in 1568) was melted down and made into a cannon. Recognizing he
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


Joan of Arc (1412–1431) was formally canonized as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church on 16 May 1920 by Pope Benedict XV in his bull "Divina disponente", which concluded the canonization process that the Sacred Congregation of Rites instigated after a petition of 1869 of the French Catholic hierarchy. Although pro-English clergy had Joan burnt at the stake for heresy in 1431, she was rehabilitated in 1456 after a posthumous retrial. Subsequently, she became a folk saint among French Catholics and soldiers inspired by her story of being
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Joan of Arc


proceeding had failed to consider the doctrinal exceptions to that stricture. The appellate court declared her innocent on 7 July 1456. Joan of Arc became a symbol of the Catholic League during the 16th century. When Félix Dupanloup was made bishop of Orléans in 1849, he pronounced a fervid panegyric on Joan of Arc, which attracted attention in England as well as France, and he led the efforts which culminated in Joan of Arc's beatification in 1909. She was canonized as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church on 16 May 1920
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Joan of Arc (Portland, Oregon)


Joan of Arc, also known as Joan of Arc, Maiden of Orleans, is an outdoor copy of Emmanuel Frémiet's equestrian statue "Jeanne d'Arc" (1874), installed in Portland, Oregon's Laurelhurst neighborhood, in the United States. The bronze sculpture, which depicts Joan of Arc, was donated to the city by Henry Waldo Coe, who saw Frémiet's original statue in Paris. Portland's copy arrived from France in 1924 and was dedicated on Memorial Day in 1925 in honor of the Doughboys of World War
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Joan of Arc (Portland, Oregon)


I. "Joan of Arc" is an outdoor equestrian statue installed in Coe Circle, at the intersection of Northeast Cesar E. Chavez Blvd. (a.k.a. 39th) and Glisan, in Portland's Laurelhurst neighborhood. The sculpture is one of several copies of Emmanuel Frémiet's 1874 gilded bronze statue, "Jeanne d'Arc", which is installed at the Place des Pyramides in Paris. Portland's statue is also made of bronze and measures approximately x x . The flag held by Joan of Arc is made of copper. The statue
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


Joan of Arc Told to American Soldiers" by Charles Saroléa (1918)] Her canonization was held on 16 May 1920. Over 60,000 people attended the ceremony, including 140 descendants of Joan's family. Dignitaries included: Vendôme, Lambertenghi with The Knights of Malta, now-Bishop O'Connell, Gabriel Hanotaux, Princess Zinaida Yusupova, Princess Irina Alexandrovna, Prince Feodor Alexandrovich, The Duke of Braganza, The Count de Salis-Soglio, Rafael Valentín Errázuriz, Diego von Bergen, Bishop John Patrick Carroll, Archbishop Edward Joseph Hanna
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Henry Beaufort


-trial inferred or declared his presence including one of the original trial judges, one Andre Marguerie, Canon of Rouen, who asserted that Beaufort had reprimanded his chaplain for complaining that the Bishop of Beauvais's sermon was too favourable to Joan. However, it is not clear to which sermon Marguerie was referring . In a spirit of contrition and reconciliation, in 1922 a statue of Joan of Arc (carved under the supervision of Sir Ninian Comper) was placed beside the entrance to the Lady Chapel in Winchester Cathedral diagonally facing Cardinal
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Joan of Arc (Dubois)


Joan of Arc is a public artwork by Paul Dubois, located at Meridian Hill Park in Washington, D.C., United States of America. "Joan of Arc" was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian's Save Outdoor Sculpture! survey in 1994. "Joan of Arc" is an equestrian statue, with Joan of Arc riding a trotting horse, resting upon a three-tiered granite base (H. 52 in. x W 11. ft.). Her body is twisted slightly, and her right arm is raised
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


), and Jules Quicherat's account of her trial and rehabilitation (1841-1849) seemed to have inspired canonization efforts. In 1869, to celebrate the 440th anniversary of Joan lifting the Siege of Orléans, Félix Dupanloup, Bishop of Orleans, invited the bishops whose dioceses included the towns which Joan entered or liberated during her career to Orléans . Supported by Henri-Alexandre Wallon, Dupanloup submitted a petition, signed by the attending dignitaries, to Pope Pius IX for Joan to be canonized, but the Franco-Prussian War
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List of works by Maxime Real del Sarte


in honour of Joan of Arc was finished in 1964. Apart from a bust of Joan of Arc by Real del Sarte inside the church, there is a statue of Joan of Arc outside the church by Félix Charpentier The site of the church was chosen specifically as it is next to the church of Saint-Denys de la Chapelle where Joan of Arc was greeted in 1429. Perhaps the best known of Real del Sarte's sculptures of Joan of Arc, this stands in the place du Vieux-Marché by the Église Sainte
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Joan of Arc


League, and in 1803 she was declared a national symbol of France by the decision of Napoleon Bonaparte. She was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920. Joan of Arc is one of the nine secondary patron saints of France, along with Saint Denis, Saint Martin of Tours, Saint Louis, Saint Michael, Saint Rémi, Saint Petronilla, Saint Radegund and Saint Thérèse of Lisieux. Joan of Arc has remained a popular figure in literature, painting, sculpture, and other cultural works since the time of her death,
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St Joan of Arc Catholic School, Rickmansworth


granted grammar school status. The school enjoyed academic success and ensured that the Catholic Girls in and around Rickmansworth continued to received the best of education. In 1978, as with the majority of grammar schools across the country, St Joan of Arc moved to become a comprehensive school and switched to a co-educational facility. The school was awarded Specialist Status for Mathematics & Computing in 2003 and in 2012, St Joan of Arc converted to become an academy as the founding school of the 'All Saints Catholic Academy Trust' (
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History of the Catholic Church in France


After the Great War, the national spirit was built up around France's Catholic history and traditions as can be seen with the mystification of St Joan of Arc who was canonized on 16 May 1920. Over 30,000 people attended the ceremony in Rome, including 140 descendants of Joan of Arc's family. Pope Benedict XV presided over the rite. St Joan of Arc was to remain a symbol of French Catholic pride. The debate over the involvement of the Catholic Church in France reflects the debate over the involvement of the worldwide Catholic
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


canonization "fulfills the last part of her mission in bringing together forever in the sacredness of her memory" one-time mortal enemies England and France: "In her spirit, let us remain united for the good of Mankind". Joan of Arc's feast day is 30 May. Although reforms in 1968 moved many medieval European saints' days off the general calendar in order to make room for more non-Europeans, her feast day is still celebrated on many local and regional Church calendars, especially in France. Many Catholic
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


in "Dissertation on the Three Parts of Henry VI" (1787) to prove Shakespeare had no hand in its authorship (1974; p. 587). Charles Lamb chided Samuel Taylor Coleridge for reducing Joan to "a pot girl" in the first drafts of "The Destiny of Nations", initially part of Robert Southey's "Joan of Arc". She was the subject of essays by Lord Mahon for "The Quarterly Review", and by Thomas De Quincey for "Tait's". In 1890, the
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Joan of Arc


Joan of Arc, in French Jeanne d'Arc () or Jehanne (circa 1412 – 30 May 1431), nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans" (), is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War, and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint. She was born to Jacques d'Arc and Isabelle Romée, a peasant family, at Domrémy in northeast France. Joan claimed to have received visions of the archangel Michael, Saint Margaret, and Saint Catherine of Alexandria instructing
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Historical fiction


"Egmont". Later Irish author George Bernard Shaw wrote several histories, including "Caesar and Cleopatra" (1898) and "Saint Joan", which based on the life and trial of Joan of Arc. Published in 1924, not long after the canonization of Joan of Arc by the Roman Catholic Church, the play dramatises what is known of her life based on the substantial records of her trial. One of the most famous 20th-century history plays is "The Life of Galileo" by Bertolt Brecht which dramatises
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Name of Joan of Arc


that? Beside the chances that M. Hordal might be a gigantic blockhead, it is notorious that what small matter of spelling Providence had thought fit to disburse amongst man in the seventeenth century, was all monopolized by printers: in France, much more so." Thomas De Quincey, "Joan of Arc" In the bull of her canonization, "Divina Disponente" of 16 May 1920, Pope Benedict XV consistently gave her name in Latin as "Ioanna de Arc", ""Ioanna"" being the feminine nominative
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Joan of Arc (1900 film)


's suitability for Catholic sainthood. (Joan of Arc was beatified by the Church in 1909 and canonized in 1920.) Most of the film is staged in Méliès's usual theatrical style, with a stationary camera viewing the action from afar, in a long shot, as if viewing a stage spectacle from a seat in the audience. However, the eighth scene, the Siege of Compiègne, is notable for a more modern-looking visual effect: in that scene, actors move much closer to the camera, in the
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Alternative historical interpretations of Joan of Arc


Art in New York City has a helmet in its Arms and Armor collection with a legendary attribution to Joan of Arc. The museum makes no claims that this legend is true, but notes that the helmet dates from the right time period. Several locations associated with Joan of Arc still exist, including the house where she was born, at Domrémy-la-Pucelle. The site has been converted to a museum. The adjacent church has undergone extensive alterations since the fifteenth century but still contains a fourteenth-century statue of
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St Joan of Arc Catholic School, Rickmansworth


Saint Joan of Arc Roman Catholic School is a Roman Catholic secondary school and sixth form with academy status, located in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, England. The catchment area for the school spreads over South West Hertfordshire, parts of Buckinghamshire and parts of North West London. St Joan of Arc School for Girls was instigated by an order of French nuns, the Filles de Jesus, in 1904 with just five pupils. The school continued to grow in size and reputation through the early years of the 20th Century until 1951 when it was
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


commanded by God to fight for France against England. Many French regimes encouraged her cult, and the Third Republic was sympathetic to the canonization petition prior to the 1905 separation of church and state. As with other saints who were excommunicated or investigated by ecclesiastic courts, such as Athanasius, Teresa of Ávila, and John of the Cross, Joan was put on trial by an Inquisitorial court. In her case, the court was influenced by the English, which occupied northern France, leading to her execution in the marketplace of Rouen
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St Joan of Arc's Church, Farnham


laid by Bishop Peter Amigo of Southwark. The church was designed by John Edward Dixon-Spain (d. 1955) in the Romanesque Revival style and contains statues by the sculptor Vernon Hill. On 30 May 1930, the feast day of St Joan of Arc, the church was opened and two years later it was given the status of a parish church. The church shares the site around it with St Polycarp's Catholic Primary School; the school keeping its original name from when it was located with the church in Bear Lane
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Longwood University


is considered good luck to step or jump on the symbol before exams. Unique among public American universities is Longwood's adoption of a patron hero, Joan of Arc, who is said to protect and inspire students. The university's three prized sculptures of the 15th century French heroine are Jeanne d'Arc—known affectionately as "Joanie on the Stony"—an 1870 plaster statue by French sculptor Henri-Michel-Antoine Chapu, Anna Hyatt Huntington's 1915 bronze Joan of Arc equestrian statue, nicknamed "Joanie on the Pony," and Alexander
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Félix Dupanloup


a fervid panegyric on Joan of Arc, which attracted attention in England as well as France. Joan of Arc was later canonized, due partly to Dupanloup's efforts. Before this, he had been sent by Archbishop Aifre to Rome, and had been appointed Roman prelate and protonotary apostolic. For thirty years he remained a notable figure in France, doing his utmost to arouse his countrymen from religious indifference. He was a distinguished educationist who fought for the retention of the Latin classics in the schools and instituted the celebrated catechetical method
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St Joan of Arc's Church, Farnham


, eight years after Fr Gerin retired, Fr Etienne Robo came to serve the local church. After World War One he returned from France in 1919. In 1922 he realised that a new church site had to be sought to accommodate the larger congregation. Joan of Arc was canonized in 1920 and Fr Robo wanted a church dedicated to the saint in the town that was a principal residence of Cardinal Beaufort who presided at her trial in 1431, was present at her execution and ordered her ashes to be thrown into the River Seine
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Retrial of Joan of Arc


Guillaume Duval, Jean Toutmouillé, Jean Massieu, and Jean Beaupere – when his inquiry was suddenly broken off in March 1450. He had not even managed to review the dossiers and minutes of the trial of condemnation. Of the seven witnesses, most denounced the English for their desire for revenge against Joan, and their attempt to dishonor Charles VII's title by associating him with a finding of heresy against Joan. Only one was hostile against Joan – Jean Beaupere, the Canon of Rouen. Interviewed by Bouillé, he refused to
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


. When the French retook Rouen in 1449, a series of investigations were launched. Her now-widowed mother Isabelle Romée and Joan's brothers Jéan and Pierre, who were with Joan at the Siege of Orleans, petitioned Pope Nicholas V to reopen her case. The formal appeal was conducted in 1455 by Jean Bréhal, Inquisitor-General of France, under the aegis of Pope Callixtus III. Isabelle addressed the opening session of the appellate trial at Notre Dame with an impassioned plea to clear her daughter's name. Joan was
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


, Bishop Daniel Mary Gorman, Bishop Paul Joseph Nussbaum, the student body of The American College of Rome, and now-Cardinal Merry del Val, who greeted Pope Benedict XV as Benedict entered St. Peter's Basilica to preside over the rites. The Latin bull of Pope Benedict XV effecting her canonization was "Divina Disponente" of the same date. Approximately 100,000 persons celebrated at Westminster Cathedral and French churches throughout London. In the 18 May 1920 "Le Matin", former President of France Raymond Poincaré wrote that Joan's
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Marie Maugeret


suffrage. She was supported by "La Femme contemporaine", an anti-semitic and anti-Dreyfus newspaper. Joan of Arc was used as a symbol for women's emancipation that glossed over the fact that the church was officially opposed to women's suffrage. The annual "Congrès Jeanne d'Arc" was ostensibly concerned with working for Joan's canonization, but also discussed social concerns such as education, women's rights and women's working conditions. In 1906 it endorsed women's suffrage for a short period. The Joan of
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Joan of Arc (1948 film)


last film Fleming directed before his death in 1949. Unlike the play "Joan of Lorraine", which is a drama that shows how the story of Joan affects a group of actors who are performing it, the film is a straightforward recounting of the life of the French heroine. It begins with an obviously painted shot of the inside of a basilica with a shaft of light, possibly descending from heaven, shining down from the ceiling, and a solemn off-screen voice pronouncing the canonization of the Maid of Orleans.
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Medieval Inquisition


November 1455. After analyzing all the proceedings, including Joan's answers to the allegations and the testimony of 115 witnesses who were called to testify during the appellate process, the inquisitor overturned her condemnation on 7 July 1456. Joan of Arc was eventually canonized in 1920. Historian Edward Peters identifies a number of illegalities in Joan's first trial in which she had been convicted. The papal inquisition developed a number of procedures to discover and prosecute heretics. These codes and procedures detailed how an inquisitorial court was to function. If the
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The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc


soldiers go into Joan's cell room, rip her clothes and give her men's clothing to wear. They then state she conjured a spell to make the new clothing appear, suggesting that she is a witch who must be burned. Although suspecting the English are lying, the Bishop abandons Joan to her fate, and she is burned alive in the marketplace of Rouen, though a postscript adds that she was canonized as a saint in the 20th century. Luc Besson stated that he was not interested in narrating the history of
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


one of the postwar investigations into her execution, Cardinal d'Estouteville declared that this play would merit qualification as a pilgrimage site by which attendees could gain an indulgence. Not long after the appeal, Pope Pius II, who died in 1464, wrote an approving piece about her in his memoirs. Joan was utilized as a symbol of the Catholic League, a group organized to fight against Protestant groups during the Wars of Religion. An anonymous author wrote a biography of Joan's life, stating that it was compiled "By order of
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Saint Joan (play)


Saint Joan is a play by George Bernard Shaw about 15th-century French military figure Joan of Arc. Premiering in 1923, three years after her canonization by the Roman Catholic Church, the play dramatises what is known of her life based on the substantial records of her trial. Shaw studied the transcripts and decided that the concerned people acted in good faith according to their beliefs. He wrote in his preface to the play: There are no villains in the piece. Crime, like disease, is not interesting: it is
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Henry Waldo Coe


. Coe knew Roosevelt in 1884-1886 and went on hunting trips with him. Coe paid $40,000 for the statue. "Joan of Arc", in Laurelhurst, was made from the original molds of Emmanuel Frémiet's statue at the Place des Pyramides, which Coe saw on a visit to France. Portland's Arc statue arrived from France in 1924 and was dedicated on Memorial Day, May 30, 1925, honoring the Doughboys of World War I. Two additional statues were in progress but were erected after Coe's death
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André César Vermare


sculpture can be seen for example in Machecoul's Église de La Trinité . Joan is depicted at the coronation of Charles V11 in Reims on 17 July 1429. This cathedral in Orléans has a later statue of Joan by Vermare dating to 1912, this located in the Sainte Jeanne d'Arc chapel. This church in Beauregard has a statue of Joan of Arc by Vermare. Vermare participated in adding to the decoration of many churches and apart from those works covered in the above notes, his work can be seen in churches in Saugnacq-
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Cross-dressing, gender identity, and sexuality of Joan of Arc


of other clothes, or for some similar motive.", Vern and Bonnie Bullough comment that despite the specific canons against it, one might search the church fathers in vain for overt and unconditional approbations on transvestism. On the contrary, Susan Schibanoff notes that "one version of transvestism appears to have been both admired and encouraged, albeit indirectly, in the legends of female saints who disguised themselves as men to live as monks". As a consequence, Joan's accusers were forced to carefully frame their accusations that Joan retained
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


her purity. On 17 November 1903, the Sacred Congregation of Rites met to discuss Joan's cause at the behest of Pope Pius X. A decree proclaiming Joan's heroic virtue was issued on 6 January 1904 by Cardinal Serafino Cretoni, and Pius proclaimed her venerable on 8 January. The Decree of the Three Miracles was issued on 13 December 1908, and The Decree of Beatification was read five days later, which was issued formally by the Congregation of Rites on 24 January 1909. The beatification ceremony was held on 18 April 1909
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List of works by Maxime Real del Sarte


del Sarte had been inspired by the statue of Joan of Arc sculpted by Paul Dardé for Montpellier in 1918. At the foot of the statue, and in bronze is a sculpture depicting a heart being consumed by flames. The text, "Rouen 1431″ records the year and place of Joan's execution and there is also an inscription stating -"Ce coeur contient de la terre prelevee au lieu sacre du bûcher de Jeanne d'Arc". This tells us that the heart contains soil from the spot where Joan was burnt at the stake"
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The Trial of Joan of Arc


The Trial of Joan of Arc () is a 1962 French historical film directed by Robert Bresson. Joan of Arc is played by Florence Delay. As with Bresson's most renowned films, "The Trial of Joan of Arc" stars non-professional performers and is filmed in an extremely spare, restrained style. Bresson's screenplay is drawn from the transcriptions of Joan's trial and rehabilitation. Bresson's "Joan of Arc" is often compared with "The Passion of Joan of Arc" (1928) by Carl Theodor
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Joan of Arc (1900 film)


following Méliès's designs, was the set painter for the film. The cameraman was Leclerc, who also worked for Méliès as the pianist at the Théâtre Robert-Houdin. Méliès's scenario for the film strongly emphasizes Joan's status as a national hero of France and a martyr for the French people; the first scene, in which Joan enters leading a flock of sheep, foreshadows her eventual leading of the French army. The final scene, with its triumphal entry of Joan into heaven and her meeting God, suggests Joan
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Anne de Rochechouart de Mortemart


"Lycéum-Club de France"). The Duchess of Uzès was a friend of the sculptor Jean-Alexandre-Josef Falguière (1831–1900), who gave her lessons. She made sculptures of Diana, Émile Augier, Nicolas Gilbert, Notre-Dame de France (the Virgin Mary), Saint Hubert and Joan of Arc. A 1900 painting by Adolphe Demange (1857-1928) shows her working on a monumental clay statue of Joan of Arc in Falguière's studio. The painting is signed "To the valiant
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St Joan of Arc Catholic School, Rickmansworth


ASCAT). Since changing to Academy status, the schools OFSTED rating was lowered from 'Outstanding' to 'Good'; headteacher Mr Sweeny cited changes in the methods used by OFSTED as one of the reasons for the difference. The school is located about from Rickmansworth station in Rickmansworth Town Centre. The Parish priest at St Mary's in Rickmansworth, Fr Julien, bought the initial property, 11 High Street, known as ‘Englefield’ and this was to become the original site for St Joan of Arc School. Englefield
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The Passion of Joan of Arc


Joan of Arc was Renée Jeanne Falconetti's second and last film role. Although she always preferred the art of theater to cinema and said she never understood the positive reaction to the film's acting, Falconetti's performance achieved iconic status in film history almost immediately. Dreyer had gone to see Falconetti backstage at a performance of Victor Margueritte's "La Garçonne", a comedic play in which she was appearing. He was initially unimpressed, but upon seeing her a second time the day after, Dreyer said he "felt there
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Joan of Arc


military campaigns and while in prison. Her supporters, such as the theologian Jean Gerson, defended her hairstyle for practical reasons, as did Inquisitor Brehal later during the appellate trial. Nonetheless, at the trial in 1431 she was condemned and sentenced to die. Boyd described Joan's trial as so "unfair" that the trial transcripts were later used as evidence for canonizing her in the 20th century. Eyewitnesses described the scene of the execution by burning on 30 May 1431. Tied to a tall pillar at the Vieux-Marché
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Joan of Arc


sin) by making a pilgrimage to the event. A posthumous retrial opened after the war ended. Pope Callixtus III authorized this proceeding, also known as the "nullification trial", at the request of Inquisitor-General Jean Bréhal and Joan's mother Isabelle Romée. The purpose of the trial was to investigate whether the trial of condemnation and its verdict had been handled justly and according to canon law. Investigations started with an inquest by Guillaume Bouillé, a theologian and former rector of the University of Paris (Sorbonne).
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Marianne


who was often depicted bare-breasted could not have been greater. Finally, because of Joan's status as one of France' best loved heroines, it was difficult for republicans to attack Joan without seeming unpatriotic. However, the royalist attempt to have Joan of Arc replace Marianne as the symbol of France failed, in large part because the most of the French people accepted the republic, and Marianne unlike Joan was the symbol of the republic. In the middle of the 19th century, Marianne was usually portrayed in France as
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Maxime Real del Sarte


-Arts in 1921. He designed over fifty war memorials in France. He also designed many statues of Joan of Arc. Additionally, he designed busts for the Dukes of Guise and Orlean. He became involved with the right-wing Action française, where he became associated with Charles Maurras, Léon Daudet, Jacques Bainville, Maurice Pujo, Henri Vaugeois and Léon de Montesquiou. He founded and led the royalist organisation Camelots du roi. He was a devout and fervent Roman Catholic and a huge admirer of Joan of Arc.
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


sign the "Commissio Introductionis Causæ Servæ Dei Joannæ d'Arc", which he did that afternoon. However, the path to sainthood did not go smoothly. On 20 August 1902, the papal consistory rejected adding Joan to the Calendar of saints, citing: she launched the assault on Paris on the birthday of Mary, mother of Jesus; her capture ("proof" her claim that she was sent by God was false); her attempts to escape from prison; her abjure after being threatened with death; and doubts of
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


Norfolk attended. Pius—who was determined that the ceremony would not be used by Legitimists to attack the Third Republic—venerated the relics that afternoon, flanked by 70 French prelates. Her beatification approximately coincided with the French invention of the Janvier transfer engraving machine (also called a die engraving pantograph), which facilitates the creation of minted coins and commemorative medallions. This invention, together with the already well-established French sculptural tradition, added another element to Joan's beatification: a series of well-made religious art medals
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Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc


a translator note on the "Peculiarity of Joan of Arc's History," and a foreword by Sieur Louis de Conte. The "Translator's Preface" offers a condensed overview of Joan of Arc's life, with heavy praise ("the character of Joan of Arc ... occupies the loftiest possible to human attainment"). The "Peculiarity" note explains that Joan of Arc's life is preserved in court documents and that the particulars are provided by Louis de Conte, who, the translator assures us, is reliable
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Cultural depictions of Joan of Arc


Arc are numerous. For example, in 1979 the "Bibliothèque Municipale" in Rouen, France displayed a gallery containing over 500 images and other items related to Joan of Arc. The story of Joan of Arc was a popular subject for dramatization in the 1940s. In addition to Maxwell Anderson's play "Joan of Lorraine" and the Ingrid Bergman film "Joan of Arc", there was also the 1948 RKO film "The Miracle of the Bells" starring Fred MacMurray, Alida Valli, and Frank Sinatra, about a
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Giovanni Lugari


of Rites on the following 3 February. After being appointed Privy Chamberlain "supernumerario" three days later, on 6 February, Lugari was made full Promotor of the Faith on 4 June 1897. On 4 June 1897 he became a Domestic Prelate of His Holiness. In 1900, he was made a canon of the Liberian Basilica on 28 March, and of the Lateran Basilica on 10 June. Lugari was named Papal Auditor on 22 April 1901 and served as the Promotor of the Faith in the canonization process of Joan of Arc
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Élie-Jean Vézien


's architect and in 1953 he commissioned Vézien to execute two bas-reliefs for the outside of the building. 17. Beaux-arts de Paris, l'école nationale supérieure. There are three Vézien works held in the Beaux-arts de Paris. "Douce rêverie", "Les Fiançailles" and a piece for the competition describing the required sculpture as one depicting war. Statue of Joan of Arc-Notre Dame de la Garde. In 1932 the catholic newspaper "L’Éveil provençal" announced that a large equestrian statue of Joan
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Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc


Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc, by the Sieur Louis de Conte is an 1896 novel by Mark Twain that recounts the life of Joan of Arc. It is Twain's last completed novel, published when he was 61 years old. The novel is presented as a translation (by "Jean Francois Alden") of memoirs by Louis de Conte, a fictionalized version of Louis de Contes, Joan of Arc's page. The novel is divided into three sections according to Joan of Arc's development: a youth in Domrémy
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Église Saint-Antoine-des-Quinze-Vingts


, Saint Peter, Saint Paul, Geneviève, patron saint of Paris, Denis, Blessed Joan of Arc (she was canonized only in 1920), Saint Joan of Chantal, Mary Magdalene, Saint Elizabeth, Saint Cecilia, Saint Francis, Saint Marcel, Saint Charles, Saint Eugene, Saint Juliet, Saint Adrian. A series of three non-figurative stained glass windows were made by the Duchemin house and installed on the wall under the rose window. Installed in 2005, they are called "centenary stained glass windows"
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


exonerated on 7 July 1456, with Bréhal's summary of case evidence describing her as a martyr who had been executed by a court which itself had violated Church law. In 1457, Callixtus excommunicated the now-deceased Bishop Pierre Cauchon for his persecution and condemnation of Joan. The city of Orléans had commemorated her death each year beginning in 1432, and from 1435 onward performed a religious play centered on the lifting of the siege. The play represented her as a divinely-sent savior guided by angels. In 1452, during
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


featuring scenes from her life. Edmond Richer's "La premiére histoire en date de Jeanne d'Arc: histoire de la Pucelle d'Orléans", written between 1625 and 1630, was published in two volumes in 1911 by Henri and Jules Desclée. During World War I, French troops carried her image into battle with them. During one battle, they interpreted a German searchlight image projected onto low-lying clouds as an appearance by Joan, which bolstered their morale greatly. [see: "The Maid of Orléans: The Story of
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Joan of Arc (band)


Joan of Arc is an American indie rock band from Chicago, Illinois named after the French saint Joan of Arc. They formed in 1995, following the breakup of Cap'n Jazz. Singer Tim Kinsella has been the only permanent member of the group; he has also recorded as a solo artist. Joan of Arc are known for their use of electronics, samples, and multi-track recording in their songs; some songs on "The Gap" contained over 100 tracks. Joan of Arc's lyrics and cover art are often
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Joan of Arc: The Image of Female Heroism


Joan of Arc: the Image of Female Heroism by Marina Warner (University of California Press, 1981 ) is a book about Joan of Arc, focusing on how she has been perceived by others over the centuries and how that perception has shaped her image. "Joan of Arc: the Image of Female Heroism" is widely used as a college level textbook in courses related to Joan of Arc. The book has been reviewed in "Newsweek", "The New York Review of Books", the "Chicago Sun-
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Canonization of Joan of Arc


churches around the globe have been named after her in the decades since her canonization. She has become especially popular among Traditional Catholics, particularly in France—both because of her obvious connection to this country as well as the fact that the Traditional Catholic movement is strongest there. This movement within the church, which includes those few orders and societies which refused to accept the changes made by the Second Vatican Council, has compared the 1988 excommunication of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre (one of the founders of the Society of Saint Pius X)
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Quimper Cathedral


by the sculptor Auguste Ottin and dating to 1846; the statue by Buors depicting Sainte Anne; the statue of Sainte Thérèse de Lisieux and the statue of Joan of Arc. The one statue in granite is the carving on the trumeau of the west portal depicting "Christ Sauveur du Monde". There are also statues carved from wood: the sculptor Mingham's Saint Christopher in polychromed wood; a 16th-century group including Sainte Anne and the Virgin Mary with child; the statue of Saint Jean Discalcéat or Santig Du/Santik
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The Passion of Joan of Arc


The Passion of Joan of Arc () is a 1928 silent French historical film based on the actual record of the trial of Joan of Arc. The film was directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer and stars Renée Jeanne Falconetti as Joan. It is widely regarded as a landmark of cinema, especially for its production, Dreyer's direction and Falconetti's performance, which is often listed as one of the finest in cinema history. The film summarizes the time that Joan of Arc was a captive of England, depicting her trial and execution
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Joan of Arc (miniseries)


Joan of Arc is a 1999 Canadian three-part television miniseries about the 15th century Catholic saint of the same name. The miniseries stars Leelee Sobieski as Saint Joan. A joint production of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and Alliance Atlantis Communications, it was shown internationally in 1999. The miniseries received thirteen Primetime Emmy Awards nominations and four Golden Globe Award nominations. The miniseries tells the story of Joan of Arc, from her birth in 1412 until her death in 1431. Joan of Arc is born in 1412 in the village of Domrémy
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Cross-dressing, gender identity, and sexuality of Joan of Arc


of gender identity and sexuality was novelist Vita Sackville-West. In "Saint Joan of Arc", published in 1936, she indirectly suggests that Joan of Arc may have been a lesbian. Rebuttals were forthcoming and are widely mentioned. The most prominent rebuttal refers to the common medieval practice of women sharing beds with one another; bed sharing had no connotations in regard to sexuality. Bonnie Wheeler of the International Joan of Arc Society called the book "dead wrong but fun". Pernoud credits Joan's clothing to necessity and
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The Tale of Joan of Arc


"The Tale of Joan of Arc" is a patriotic lyrical verse, and the last work of the Medieval feminist Christine de Pizan who lived from 1364 to about 1430 AD. Earlier in her career Pizan wrote many texts including"The Book of the City of Ladies" which included tales about infamous woman in history. In her last work "The Tale of Joan of Arc" Pizan writes 61 verses about Joan of Arc, who led the French army to reclaim territory being held by the English. It was written before Joan lost
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The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc


the status of Besson and Jovovich in film. However, the film received mixed reviews from critics and underperformed at the box office, earning just under $67 million on a $60 million budget. As a child, Joan has a violent and supernatural vision. She returns home to find her village burning. Her sister Catherine tries to protect her by hiding her from the attacking English forces, part of a longstanding rivalry with France. Joan, while hiding, witnesses the brutal murder and rape of her sister. Afterward,
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Joan of Arc (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark song)


"Joan of Arc" is a song by British band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), released as the second single from their third studio album "Architecture & Morality". It became an international hit, reaching the Top 5 in the UK and Canada and number 13 in Ireland. This is the first of two OMD songs written by McCluskey on the subject of the French saint Joan of Arc. The second, "Joan of Arc (Maid of Orleans)" was also issued as a single (renamed
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Maid of Orleans (The Waltz Joan of Arc)


"Joan of Arc (Maid of Orleans)" is a song by British band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD) and was the third single released from their third studio album "Architecture & Morality". The track has been described by OMD frontman Andy McCluskey as the group's "Mull of Kintyre". To prevent confusion with their previous single "Joan of Arc", the song was retitled "Maid of Orleans (The Waltz Joan of Arc)" for its single release. Both songs are about the
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Church of St Joan of Arc


The Church of Saint Joan of Arc (French: "L'église Sainte-Jeanne-d'Arc") is a Catholic church in the city center of Rouen, northern France. The church of Saint Joan of Arc was completed in 1979 in the center of the ancient market square known as the Place du Vieux-Marché. This is the place where Joan of Arc was burned at the stake for heresy in 1431. A small garden, Le Bouchet, which is outside and to the north of the church marks the exact spot
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Joan of Arc (album)


Joan of Arc is a 2006 album by minimalist composer Tony Conrad. The piece, which lasts unbroken for over an hour, was originally written by Conrad as a soundtrack to accompany Piero Heliczer's short film of the same name. "Joan of Arc" is something of a stylistic departure for Conrad, who is best known for his work with minimalist violin, exemplified by his most famous album "Outside the Dream Syndicate". "Joan of Arc" instead showcases Conrad's improvisational technique on the pump organ. The album
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Jeannette: The Childhood of Joan of Arc


oddball pleasures amid stretches of real tedium". Simon Abrams of RogerEbert.com gave the film 3 1/2 stars, calling it "a challenging arthouse drama that has a slippery sense of humor and a whole lot of chutzpah." Sam C. Mac of "Slant Magazine" said, "As an exploration of Joan of Arc in cinema narrative, the film isn't as rich and substantial as Bresson's "The Trial of Joan of Arc" or Dreyer's "The Passion of Joan of Arc", but Dumont's more flexible
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Joan of Arc at the Stake


Joan of Arc at the Stake (Italian: "Giovanna d'Arco al rogo") is a 1954 Italian film directed by Roberto Rossellini and starring his wife Ingrid Bergman, which shows a live performance on December 1953 at the San Carlo Theatre in Naples. It is based on the oratorio Jeanne d'Arc au Bûcher by Paul Claudel and Arthur Honegger. It was filmed using a color process called Gevacolor. The film takes place mostly in a surrealistic fantasy around the time of the execution of Joan of Arc. Joan of Arc, played
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Joan of Arc (band)


Mike Kinsella, Tim Kinsella decided that since all three had played in Joan Of Arc, it should bear the name Joan of Arc. The album, much different from the conceptual madness of "The Gap", instead consisted of guitar-driven tracks with journal-like observation from Tim Kinsella. Heralded as a return to form, "So Much Staying Alive And Lovelessness" became the band's last on Jade Tree. Later that year, Joan Of Arc released "In Rape Fantasy And Terror Sex We Trust" on
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Indira Gandhi


eight or nine I was taken to France; Jeanne d'Arc became a great heroine of mine. She was one of the first people I read about with enthusiasm." Another historian recounts Indira's comparison of herself to Joan of Arc: "Indira developed a fascination for Joan of Arc, telling her aunt, 'Someday I am going to lead my people to freedom just as Joan of Arc did! Gandhi's linking of herself to Joan of Arc presents a nice model for historians to assess Gandhi. As one writer said
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Joan of Arc


her image in the party's publications, and uses a tricolor flame partly symbolic of her martyrdom as its emblem. This party's opponents sometimes satirize its appropriation of her image. The French civic , set in 1920, is the second Sunday of May. World War I songs include "Joan of Arc, They Are Calling You", and "Joan of Arc's Answer Song". Joan of Arc's religious visions have remained an ongoing topic of interest. She identified Saint Margaret, Saint Catherine, and Saint Michael as
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Jeannette: The Childhood of Joan of Arc


Jeannette: The Childhood of Joan of Arc () is a 2017 French musical film directed by Bruno Dumont. It was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. It was followed two years later by the non-musical sequel "Joan of Arc" which premiered at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival, written and directed by Dumont and with Lise Leplat Prudhomme reprising her role. Set in France during the Hundred Years' War, the film portrays Joan of Arc's religious awakening and her decision to
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Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc


” American author Maxwell Geismar delivered a scathing review: “"Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc", in 1896 was Sam Clemens’ (Twain) worst book…It is difficult to find anything of interest in "Joan of Arc" – except its badness.” Leading Twain scholar Louis J. Budd said, “Although "Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc" has disgraced Twain posthumously with several levels of readers, it met general approval in 1896.” At the time of its publication, one paper positively reviewed Twain
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Alternative historical interpretations of Joan of Arc


of Joan of Arc. In 1819, Pierre Caze published "La Vérité sur Jeanne d'Arc", which argued that Joan of Arc was the illegitimate daughter of the Queen, Isabeau of Bavaria, and Duke Louis of Orléans. According to Caze's reasoning, the queen hid their daughter in the countryside with the d'Arc family. When Joan of Arc met the future King Charles VII she would have given him a private sign that she was his half-sister. It has been theorized that the coat of arms he later granted
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Tourism in Puducherry


of Dupleix stands at the southern end of the park. Even though Dupleix left Pondicherry in 1754, French recognition of his contribution came only in 1870, with the commissioning of two statues-one in Pondicherry and the other in France. It is situated in Goubert Avenue. Another example of the French influence in Pondicherry is a marble statue of the heroic French damsel Joan of Arc, which is located in front of the Church of Our Lady of the Angels. The statue is placed in the middle of a garden.statue was erected
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Reims Cathedral


Hundred Years' War, due in large part to the actions of Joan of Arc. She is memorialized at Reims Cathedral with two statues: an equestrian statue outside the church and another within the church. The cathedral's exterior glorifies royalty. In the center of the front facade and above the rose window is the Gallery of Kings, composed of 56 statues with a height of , with Clovis I in the center mid-baptism, Clotilde to his right, and Saint Remigius to his left. The three portals are laden
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Winchester Cathedral


Iron Duke", which was the flagship of Admiral John Jellicoe at the Battle of Jutland in 1916. A statue of Joan of Arc was erected when she was canonised as a saint by the Pope in 1923. The statue faces the Chancery Chapel of Cardinal Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester, who presided at her death by burning at the stake in Rouen in 1431. The crypt, which frequently floods, houses a statue by Antony Gormley, called "Sound II", installed in 1986, and a modern shrine to Saint
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Deadliest Warrior (season 3)


punches Bonaparte in the face, stunning him. They engage again and after a while, Washington gets the upper hand and with a thrust, pierces his sword into Napoleon's neck. As his opponent falls, Washington casually cleans his sword and gazes upon the horizon. Winner: George Washington Joan of Arc Team: Claire Dodin (15th Century Weapons Expert), Timothy Pickles (Military Historian)br Joan of Arc Weapons: French Arming Sword, Steel Crossbow, Siege Cannonbr Joan of Arc Armor: Plate Armorbr Joan of Arc Tactics:
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Equestrian statue


including an equestrian portrait. As the 20th century progressed, the popularity of the equestrian monument declined sharply, as monarchies fell and the military use of horses virtually vanished. The in Canada, and statues of Rani Lakshmibai in Gwalior and Jhansi, India, are some of the rare portrait statues with female riders. (Although Joan of Arc has been so portrayed a number of times.) In America, the late 1970s and early 1980s witnessed something of a revival in equestrian monuments, largely in the Southwestern United States. There
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Saint-Pol-de-Léon Cathedral


, the Richard family and the Chavignés. The window was a gift from some Saint-Pol-de-Léon clerics. Also in the south transept is a statue of Joan of Arc by Charles Desvergnes and nearby a statue of saint Paul Aurélien. There is also a statue of saint Anthony the Hermit (51) dating to 1750. and nearby two crucifix. One dates to the 15th century and came from the "Crucifix des Champs" one of the seven parishes of Minihy-Léon. The second crucifix is known
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The Tale of Joan of Arc


, 1429. The story is credited as the only academic written work about Joan of Arc that was written during her lifetime. Christine de Pizan was a professional writer in the court of King Charles VI of France. Pizan is said to have died before Joan was captured. Joan of Arc led the French army in May 1429 to end a siege in Orleans and was victorious because within a day the English were forced to retreat. The poetic story written by Christine de Pizan emphasizes victory. However, Joan's battle to reclaim
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Joan of Arc (poem)


time. The figure of Joan of Arc represents both a common person and a child that was free from society's corruption. Between the editions, however, Southey's understanding of politics and religion began to change, and this is reflected in the changes of "Joan of Arc" for the second edition. Joan was originally a character that had a natural understanding of religion that was connected to a Socinian form of Christianity. She, as a child, was ignorant of Church and of theology except what was revealed to her
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Cultural depictions of Joan of Arc


dying film actress whose first and last role is Joan of Arc. There were also three radio dramatizations of the story of Joan during those years, one of them specifically written with a World War II framework. For purposes of classification, popular culture music is a separate section from operas and oratorios. Films include made-for-television movies and miniseries. Television covers live action series. There is a brand of beans named after Joan currently produced by B & G Foods. Joan of Arc's short haircut had a profound
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Joan of Arc's Answer Song


Joan of Arc's Answer Song is a World War I song released in 1918. J.L. Lavoy is credited as the composer and lyricist. The song was published by J.L. Lavoy Music Publishers. It was written for both voice and piano. The lyrics are written in first person, and mentions the saint "Joan of Ark" once by name. The chorus addresses France specifically, and assures the country that America stands with them. On the cover of the sheet music is a drawing of Joan of Arc on a horse,
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Retrial of Joan of Arc


The Retrial of Joan of Arc, also known as the "nullification trial" or "rehabilitation trial", was a posthumous retrial of Joan of Arc authorized by Pope Callixtus III at the request of Inquisitor-General Jean Bréhal and Joan's mother Isabelle Romée. The purpose of the retrial was to investigate whether the trial of condemnation and its verdict had been handled justly and according to ecclesiastical law. Investigations started in 1452, and a formal appeal followed in November 1455. The inquisitor's final summary of the case in June
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Joan of Arc (poem)


directly. However, this was replaced in the second edition with Joan having a more traditional form of religion that was provided to her during her youth. Regarding "Joan of Arc", William Wordsworth wrote to William Matthews, 21 March 1796, claiming: "You were right about Southey, he is certainly a coxcomb, and has proved it completely by the preface to "his Joan of Arc", an "epic" poem which he has just published. This preface is indeed a very conceited performance and the poem
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Joan of Arc


the ring should not have left the United Kingdom. The purchasers appealed, including to Queen Elizabeth II, and the ring was allowed to remain in France. The ring was reportedly first passed to Cardinal Henry Beaufort, who attended Joan's trial and execution in 1431. The standard accounts of the life of Joan of Arc have been challenged by revisionist authors. Claims include: that Joan of Arc was not actually burned at the stake; that she was secretly the half sister of King Charles VII; that she was not a
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State Library Victoria


entry from the 1860s until they were removed in 1937 due to deterioration. A memorial statue of Mr Justice Sir Redmond Barry, Q.C., by James Gilbert and built by Percival Ball was installed on the central landing of the main stairs in 1887. Flanking the entrance plaza are Saint George and the Dragon, by the English sculptor Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm, installed in 1889 and Jeanne d'Arc (Joan of Arc), a replica of the statue by French sculptor Emmanuel Frémiet, installed in 1907. WW1 commemorative statues ‘Wipers’
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Jeanne d'Arc (Frémiet)


Jeanne d'Arc is an 1874 French gilded bronze equestrian sculpture of Joan of Arc by Emmanuel Frémiet. The outdoor statue is prominently displayed in the Place des Pyramides in Paris. The original statue was commissioned by the French government after the defeat of the country in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War. It is the only public commission of the state from 1870 to 1914, called the Golden Age of statuary in Paris, the other statues were funded by private subscriptions. The sculptor took as his model Aimée Girod (1856–1937), a
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Alternative historical interpretations of Joan of Arc


, including the significant number of eyewitnesses to Joan's execution, as well as the fact that Claude des Armoises subsequently confessed before a number of witnesses on multiple occasions to being an impostor. Graeme Donald argues that much of the story of Joan of Arc is a myth. He says there are no accounts or portraits of Joan of Arc's victories during her time period, nor is she mentioned as a commander of the French army by Chastellain. He also states that the most definitive work of her life was written by Jules
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The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc


The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc () is a 1999 French epic historical drama film directed by Luc Besson. The film stars Milla Jovovich, John Malkovich, Faye Dunaway and Dustin Hoffman. The screenplay was written by Besson and Andrew Birkin, and the original music score was composed by Éric Serra. "The Messenger" portrays the story of St. Joan of Arc, the French war heroine and religious martyr of the 15th century. The story begins with young Joan as she witnesses the atrocities of the English against
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