Apollinaris of Ravenna [SEP] canonization status
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Apollinaris of Ravenna


Apollinaris of Ravenna () is a Syrian saint, whom the Roman Martyrology describes as "a bishop who, according to tradition, while spreading among the nations the unsearchable riches of Christ, led his flock as a good shepherd and honoured the Church of Classis near Ravenna by a glorious martyrdom." According to tradition, he was a native of Antioch in Roman Province of Syria. As the first Bishop of Ravenna, he faced nearly constant persecution. He and his flock were exiled from Ravenna during the persecutions of Emperor Vespasian
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Apollinaris of Ravenna


his martyrdom), both in Ravenna and in Saint Lambert's church, Düsseldorf, Germany. There are also churches dedicated to him in Aachen, Burtscheid and Remagen in Germany, where his veneration was probably spread by Benedictine monks. The Frankish king Clovis built a church dedicated to him in Dijon, and another dedicated to Saint Apollinaris also existed in Bologna, but was destroyed in 1250. Bořivoj II, Duke of Bohemia, founded a church with a collegiate chapter dedicated to Saint Apollinaris in Sadská (then an important centre of
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Apollinaris of Ravenna


that the persecutions would increase, but that the Church would ultimately triumph. It is not certain what was his native place, though it was probably Antioch. Nor is it sure that he was one of the seventy-two disciples of Christ, as has been suggested. The precise date of his consecration cannot be ascertained, but he was Bishop of Ravenna for twenty-six years. However, the acts of the martyrdom of Saint Apollinaris have scarcely any historical value; they were probably written by Archbishop Maurus of Ravenna
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Apollinaris of Ravenna


was, after a cruel beating, sent back to Italy. All this continued for three years, and a fourth time he returned to Ravenna. By this time Vespasian was Emperor, and he, in answer to the complaints of the pagans, issued a decree of banishment against the Christians. Apollinaris was kept concealed for some time, but as he was passing out of the gates of the city, was set upon and savagely beaten, probably at Classis, a suburb, but he lived for seven days, foretelling meantime
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Apollinaris (water)


Apollinaris is a German naturally sparkling mineral water, owned by Coca-Cola. The spring was discovered by chance in 1852 in Georg Kreuzberg’s vineyard, in Bad Neuenahr, Germany. He named it after St Apollinaris of Ravenna, a patron saint of wine. The red triangle symbol and the slogan "The Queen of Table Waters" were adopted as trademarks in 1895. By 1913 the company was producing 40 million bottles a year, 90% of which were exported worldwide. Since the mid-1930s and until 1945, the Apollinaris
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Apollinaris of Ravenna


(642-671), who presumably wanted to publicize the alleged apostolic origin of the See of Ravenna, and also to abet his political aspirations against the influence of both Rome and Constantinople. However, Christian inscriptions dating from the 2nd century have been discovered near Classe, confirming the presence of Christianity in Ravenna at a very early date. According to the list of the bishops of Ravenna compiled by Bishop Marianus (546-556), the 12th Bishop of Ravenna was named Severus; and he is among those who signed
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Remagen


Church was built 1839-1842 on the site of the medieval Church of St. Martin. The frescos on the inside of the neo-Gothic church were painted by members of the artists group called the "Nazarenes". Three cycles show the life of Jesus, the life of Mary, and the history of Saint Apollinaris, legendary Bishop of Ravenna. In the crypt is a silver bust of the saint, which is raised from the sarcophagus every year at the pilgrimage time at the end of July. From the statue of
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Apollinaris of Ravenna


this day to Saint Bridget of Sweden, since it is also her birthday to Heaven and she is now better known in the West than Saint Apollinaris, being one of the patron saints of Europe. Owing to the limited importance of Saint Apollinaris' feast worldwide, his liturgical celebration was in 1969 removed from the General Roman Calendar, but not from the Roman Martyrology, the official list of saints. His memorial was restored to the General Roman Calendar in the 2002 edition of the Roman Missal, with the date of celebration changed
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Apollinaris of Ravenna


at the Council of Sardica in 343. Thus, the epoch of Saint Apollinaris may be estimated as possibly to the last decades of the 2nd century, placing his martyrdom possibly under Emperor Septimius Severus. A noted miracle worker, Saint Apollinaris is considered especially effective against gout, venereal disease and epilepsy. His relics are at the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo (which housed his relics from the 9th century until the 1748 reconsecration of Sant'Apollinare in Classe) and the 6th century Benedictine Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe (on the traditional site of
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Apollinaris of Ravenna


the Czech state) in 1117/1118. On behalf of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, the chapter was later transferred from Sadská to recently founded New Town of Prague in 1362 and another church of St Apollinaris built there. Both of these churches in Bohemia stand to the present time. In 1957, a church venerating St. Apollinaris was founded in Napa, California. In the Tridentine Calendar his feast day is July 23, his birthday into Heaven (i.e., the day of his martyrdom). The present General Roman Calendar devotes
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Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe


bishop of Ravenna and Classe. The Basilica is thus contemporary with the Basilica of San Vitale of Ravenna. In 856, the relics of Saint Apollinaris were transferred from the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe to the Basilica of Sant' Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna. The exterior has a large façade with two simple uprights and one mullioned window with three openings. The narthex and building to the right of the entry are later additions, as is the fine 9th century round bell tower with mullioned windows. The church is on a nave and
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St. Mary's Catholic Church (Los Angeles)


afforded the best medium of architectural expression; and the style developed has marked beauty." The church's interior and exterior columns feature architectural elements borrowed from prominent Byzantine and Romanesque architectural buildings. Power describes the interior design, saying: "Other motifs taken from the Sta. Sofia at Constantinople, from the Cathedral and St. Apollinaris at Ravenna and from St. Mark's at Venice furnished bits of detail for capitals and panels of various portions." The statue of St. Joseph in the sanctuary is one of the few elements of the
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Lovely Lane Methodist Church


". It is patterned after the early churches and basilicas in Ravenna, Italy. The exterior is constructed of a gray ashlar granite with limited ornamentation. It features a square bell tower patterned after the campanile of the 12th century church of Santa Maria, Abbey of Pomposa, near Ravenna. The pulpit is a reproduction of the one at St. Apollinaris, in Ravenna. Locally influential architect Charles L. Carson was supervising architect for the McKim, Mead & White firm from New York City during construction of the church. Lovely Lane Methodist
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Peter Chrysologus


, is that Sixtus had a vision of Pope Saint Peter the Apostle and Saint Apollinaris of Ravenna, the first bishop of that see, who showed Peter, a young man, the next Bishop of Ravenna. When a group from Ravenna arrived, including Cornelius and his archdeacon Peter from Imola, Sixtus recognized Peter as the young man in his vision and consecrated him as a bishop. People knew Saint Peter Chrysologus, "the Doctor of Homilies", for his very simple and short but inspired sermons, for he was afraid
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Ravenna (networking)


Ravenna is a technology for real-time transport of audio and other media data over IP networks. Ravenna was introduced on Sep. 10, 2010 at the International Broadcasting Convention in Amsterdam. Ravenna can operate on most existing network infrastructures using standard networking technology. Performance and capacity scale with network performance. Ravenna is designed to match broadcasters' requirements for low latency, full signal transparency and high reliability. Fields of application include in-house signal distribution for broadcasting houses and other fixed installations, flexible setups at venues and live events,
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Reggio Emilia


Cicero, as one of the military stations on the Via Aemilia. However, it was a flourishing city, a "Municipium" with its own statutes, magistrates and art colleges. Apollinaris of Ravenna brought Christianity in the 1st century CE. The sources confirm the presence of a bishopric in Reggio after the Edict of Milan (313). In 440 the Reggio diocese was placed under the jurisdiction of Ravenna by Western Roman Emperor Valentinianus III. At the end of the 4th century, however, Reggio had decayed so much that
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Apollinaris of Ravenna


in Italy]. A third time he returned to Ravenna. Again he was captured, hacked with knives, had scalding water poured over his wounds, was beaten in the mouth with stones because he persisted in preaching, and was flung into a horrible dungeon, loaded with chains, to starve to death; but after four days he was put on board a ship and sent to Greece. There the same course of preachings, miracles and sufferings continued; and when his very presence caused the oracles to be silent, he
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Apollinaris of Ravenna


(or Nero, depending on the source). On his way out of the city he was identified, arrested as being the leader, tortured and martyred by being run through with a sword. Centuries after his death, he appeared in a vision to Saint Romuald. Other legends have him martyred under the Emperor Valens. The early 20th-century "Catholic Encyclopaedia" rendered the traditional version as follows: He was made Bishop of Ravenna, Italy, by Saint Peter himself. The miracles he wrought there soon attracted official
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Canons Regular of the Lateran


Santa Maria in Portu on the isle of Corizo near Ravenna, which is first mentioned in 1103. By the 15th century, the moribund community nearly slipped into extinction on account of the absence of leadership and direction that was a direct result of the practice of commendatory abbots, until finally in 1419 the community dwindled to just two: the prior and one canon. However, a pious aristocrat from Ravenna, Obizone, arranged a union between Santa Maria in Portu and the newly founded Canons Regular of Fregionaia. The Canons of Fegionaia
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Luca Torreggiani


Luca Torreggiani or Luca Torrigiani (died 169) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Ravenna (1645–1669). On 18 Sep 1645, Luca Torreggiani was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent X as Archbishop of Ravenna. On 15 Oct 1645, he was consecrated bishop by Luigi Capponi, Cardinal-Priest of San Lorenzo in Lucina, with Alfonso Gonzaga, Titular Archbishop of "Rhodus", and Girolamo Farnese, Titular Archbishop of "Patrae", serving as co-consecrators. He served as Archbishop of
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Ludovico Ridolfi


Ludovico Ridolfi (1587–1649) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Patti (1649). Ludovico Ridolfi was born on 5 Sep 1587 in Rome, Italy. On 3 Mar 1649, he was selected as Bishop of Patti and confirmed by Pope Innocent X on 19 Jul 1649. On 12 Sep 1649, he was consecrated bishop by Alfonso de la Cueva-Benavides y Mendoza-Carrillo, Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina, with Luca Torreggiani, Archbishop of Ravenna, and Francesco Tontori, Bishop of Ischia, serving
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Viventiolus


Saint Viventiolus () (460 – July 12, 524) (also known as Juventiole) was the Archbishop of Lyon (ancient Lugdunum) 514-523. Later canonized, his Feast Day is July 12. Viventiolus and his brother Rusticus were the sons of Aquilinus (c. 430-c. 470), a nobleman of Lyon, and friend of Sidonius Apollinaris (c. 400). Aquilinus was a "vicarius" of a province in Gaul between 423 and 448 under Apollinaris, the father of Sidonius. Through his paternal grandmother
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Apollinariskirche, Remagen


The Apollinariskirche is a church on the site of a Roman temple on the Apollinarisberg, a hill above the German town of Remagen. That hill was known as the Martinsberg in the 5th and 6th centuries, presumably after a Frankish chapel there dedicated to Saint Martin, patron of the Franks. In the 9th century this chapel was replaced by a Romanesque church. In 1110 the Benedictines of the Michaelsberg Abbey, on the initiative of the people of Remagen, set up a provost there. The relics of Saint Apollinaris of Ravenna probably
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Liborius of Le Mans


included in the Tridentine Calendar. It was added to the Roman Calendar only in 1702, and merely as a commemoration within the 23 July celebration of Saint Apollinaris of Ravenna. This commemoration, still included in the 1962 Roman Missal of Pope John XXIII, whose continued use as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite is authorized under the conditions indicated in the motu proprio "Summorum Pontificum", was again removed from the General Calendar from 1969 onward, leaving the celebration, with a rank higher than commemoration, to the calendars of
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Andreas Agnellus


written in the mid-16th century and breaks off in the middle of the life of Archbishop Peter II. Copies of Agnellus's lives of two saintly bishops of Ravenna, Severus and Peter Chrysologus exist in independent traditions, copied into collections of saints lives. The "editio princeps" of the LPR was published in Modena by Benedetto Bacchini in 1708; a complete English translation of the LPR by Deborah Mauskopf Deliyannis was published in 2004. The LPR begins with Saint Apollinaris and ends with Georgius, the forty-eighth archbishop (died 846
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Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art


depictions of miracles of Christ, it is difficult to tell what the subject is. A different, symbolic, approach is taken in the apse mosaic of the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe in Ravenna, also mid 6th century, where half-length figures of Moses (beardless) and Elijah emerge from little clouds on either side of a large jewelled cross with a Hand of God above it. This scene occupies the "sky" over a standing figure of Saint Apollinaris (said to have been a disciple of Saint Peter)
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Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo


by Saint Martin and including Saint Apollinaris, moving from the Palace of Theodoric towards a group representing Christ enthroned amid four angels. This lower band, containing a schematic representation of the Palace of Theoderic on the right wall and the port of Classe with three ships on the left wall, gives us a certain idea of the architecture in Ravenna during the time of Theodoric. In another part of the church there is a rough mosaic containing the portrait of the Emperor Justinian. The entrance of the church is preceded by a marble portico
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Apollinaris of Ravenna


attention, for they and his preaching won many converts to the Faith, while at the same time bringing upon him the fury of the idolaters, who beat him cruelly and drove him from the city. He was found half-dead on the seashore, and kept in concealment by the Christians, but was captured again and compelled to walk on burning coals and a second time expelled. But he remained in the vicinity, and continued his work of evangelization. We find him then journeying in the Roman province of Aemilia [
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Adria-Rovigo


Saints Peter and Paul, in Adria, province of Rovigo. It has a Co-Cathedral: Concattedrale di S. Stefano Papa e Martire Concattedrale dedicated to Martyr Pope Stephen I, in Rovigo, which never was a diocese. Furthermores, there are several Minor Basilicas : Tradition dates the preaching of the Gospel in Adria from the days of Saint Apollinaris, himself consecrated bishop by Saint Peter. The figure of this Bishop of Ravenna has a singular importance in the hagiographical legends of the northeast of Italy. Even if Emilia, Romagna
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Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine


Stefano Pozzi. The high altar was made on orders from Pope Benedict XIV, with stucco decorations by Bernardino Ludovisi and an early 17th-century altarpiece depicting St Apollinaris' Consecration as Bishop of Ravenna. The crypt contains relics. The elliptical Chapel of Graces, which is outside the church proper, is accessed through a doorway on the left. It contains a 1494 fresco of The Virgin, Queen of Apostles which, survived the Sack of Rome because the priests had covered it with lime and was then rediscovered in 1645 when two
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Antonio De Rosso


Europe. Failing to achieve canonical recognition, he turned to the newly formed Alternative Synod of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. In 1995, he became a Bishop of Ravenna and Italy, and in 1997 he was raised to the rank of a Metropolitan of Ravenna and Italy, becoming a member of the Alternative Synod of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, as the head of the autonomous Orthodox Church in Italy. Metropolitan Antonio was also in communion with leaders of several other non-canonical jurisdictions, including Patriarch Filaret Denysenko of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church
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Ravenna Cathedral


Ravenna Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to the Resurrection of Jesus Christ in the city of Ravenna, Italy. Formerly the archiepiscopal seat of the Archdiocese of Ravenna, it is now the seat of the archbishops of Ravenna-Cervia. It was granted the status of a minor basilica by Pope John XXIII on 7 October 1960. It is also the seat of the parish of San Giovanni in Fonte belonging to the Urban Vicariate of the archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia. The present 18th-century Baroque building followed the
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Ostrogothic Ravenna


during which Italy recovered a good deal of prosperity on the eve of her final ruin." He did not however achieve this goal of uplifting the city to the status held by Rome and Constantinople. Theodoric expended energy and treasure enriching Ravenna in an attempt to bring to it the status accorded to both cities. He constructed both religious and secular buildings in imitation of those in the great imperial cities, but, as in the imperial era, Ravenna's prestige was actively rivaled by that of Rome. To exemplify this fact,
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Theodoric the Great


in front of the palace. Statues like these were symbols of the ancient world, and Theodoric's equestrian likeness was meant to convey his status as the undisputed ruler of the western empire. Theodoric the Great was interred in Ravenna, but his bones were scattered and his mausoleum was converted to a church after Belisarius conquered the city in 540. His mausoleum is one of the finest monuments in Ravenna. Unlike all the other contemporary buildings in Ravenna, which were made of brick, the Mausoleum of Theodoric was built completely from fine
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Hugh O'Neill (bishop)


, O'Neill was sent to Rome where he studied canon law at the Pontifical Lateran University (the Apollinaris) and resided at the Irish College. He returned to New Zealand in 1923 and was appointed Professor of Canon Law and Scholastic Philosophy at Holy Cross College, Mosgiel. He held that post from 1923 until 1934 when the Vincentian Fathers took over the seminary. In 1934 he became parish priest at Mosgiel. In 1939 he was appointed chaplain at St. Kevin's College, Oamaru. While he held that post he was also Dominion
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Camp James A. Garfield


James A. Garfield Joint Military Training Center is an Ohio Army National Guard military base located between Ravenna and Newton Falls and adjacent to the village of Windham in the U.S. state of Ohio. It was previously known as Camp Ravenna Joint Military Training Center, the Ravenna Training and Logistics Site, and the Ravenna Army Ammunition Plant (RVAAP) and commonly known as the Ravenna Arsenal. Before its present status as a training facility for the Ohio National Guard, Camp James A. Garfield was a military ammunition production facility for the United States Army
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Canons regular


, as it was already beginning to be called, increased rapidly. A great number of congregations of canons regular sprang into existence, each with its own distinctive constitutions, grounded on the Rule of St. Augustine and the statutes which Blessed Peter de Honestis, about the year 1100, gave to his canons at Ravenna. In some houses the canonical life was combined with hospitality to travelers, nursing the sick and other charitable works. Often a number of houses were grouped together in a congregation. One of the most famous houses was
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Ravenna


, in 751 the Lombard king, Aistulf, succeeded in conquering Ravenna, thus ending Byzantine rule in northern Italy. King Pepin of the Franks attacked the Lombards under orders of Pope Stephen II. Ravenna then gradually came under the direct authority of the Popes, although this was contested by the archbishops at various times. Pope Adrian I authorized Charlemagne to take away anything from Ravenna that he liked, and an unknown quantity of Roman columns, mosaics, statues, and other portable items were taken north to enrich his capital of Aachen
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Apollinaris of Clermont


Apollinaris (died 515) was a count of Auvergne who led a auvergnat army for the Visigoths in the Battle of Vouillé, and was bishop of Clermont for four months before his death. Apollinaris was the son of the aristocrat and poet Sidonius Apollinaris and Papianilla. A number of contemporary Romano-Gallic aristocrats were his cousins, including bishops Avitus of Vienne and Ruricius of Limoges. Our earliest records of Apollinaris are in the letters of his father Sidonius. Although Apollinaris is the recipient of one letter ("Epistulae" III.13)
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Peter of Ravenna


Peter of Ravenna (c. 1448–1508) was an Italian jurist. He is now best known for his memorization techniques, published in a 1491 work "Phoenix" ("Fenix") on the art of memory, a work that received an early form of copyright. He was a student of Alessandro Tartagni and then at Padua. He became Doctor of canon and civil law in 1472, and left Italy for Germany in 1497. He was then brought by Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania to the University of Greifswald. He
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Apollinaris of Clermont


, E.H. Warmington considers it a "show-piece" which was never actually sent to him. Sidonius mentions Apollinaris in several of his letters: two allude to his youth (in V.11, he describes Apollinaris as "in these budding years of manhood", and in V.9 hopes that Apollinaris would have children), another mentions Apollinaris' love of hunting, and in the last laments his disinterest in literature. Despite his father's opinion, Apollinaris did at least once display an interest in literature: according to a letter
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Tommaso Lolli


Tommaso Lolli (died 1667) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Titular Bishop of "Cyrene" (1650–1667). On 19 Sep 1650, Tommaso Lolli was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent X as Titular Bishop of "Cyrene". On 9 Oct 1650, he was consecrated bishop by Giovanni Giacomo Panciroli, Cardinal-Priest of Santo Stefano al Monte Celio, with Luca Torreggiani, Archbishop of Ravenna, and Pedro Urbina Montoya, Archbishop of Valencia, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Titular Bishop
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Francesco Rinuccini


Francesco Rinuccini or Francesco Ruccini (died 1678) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Pistoia e Prato (1656–1678). Francesco Rinuccini was born in Florence, Italy. On 28 Aug 1656, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Alexander VII as Bishop of Pistoia e Prato. On 10 Sep 1656, he was consecrated bishop by Federico Sforza, Cardinal-Priest of Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti, with Annibale Bentivoglio, Titular Archbishop of "Thebae", and Luca Torreggiani, Archbishop of Ravenna,
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Mosaic


fantasies. In the following century Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, became the center of late Roman mosaic art (see details in Ravenna section). Milan also served as the capital of the western empire in the 4th century. In the St Aquilinus Chapel of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, mosaics executed in the late 4th and early 5th centuries depict Christ with the Apostles and the Abduction of Elijah; these mosaics are outstanding for their bright colors, naturalism and adherence to the classical canons of order and proportion
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Order of Saint Augustine


life. Several groups of canons were established under various disciplines, all with the Augustinian Rule as their basis. Examples of these were the Congregation of canons in Ravenna, founded by the Blessed Peter de Honestis about 1100, as well as the Norbertines. The instructions contained in Augustine's Rule formed the basis of the Rule that, in accordance with the decree of the Lateran Synod of 1059, was adopted by canons who desired to practice a common apostolic life (Holstenius, "Codex regularum", II, Rome, 1661
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia


Catholic diocese in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The archdiocese was erected in the 1st century as a diocese, and was elevated to an archdiocese in the 5th century. Among its famous archbishops are Saint Peter Chrysologus, a Doctor of the Church, and Saint Guido Maria Conforti, who was canonized as a saint in 2011 by Pope Benedict XVI. The early medieval Ravenna papyri form an important record from the church's chancery between the 5th and 10th century. In 1947 the archdiocese was merged with the Diocese of Cervia into the
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Peter Damian


an elder brother, who ill-treated and under-fed him while employing him as a swineherd. After some years, another brother, Damianus, who was archpriest at Ravenna, had pity on him and took him away to be educated. Adding his brother's name to his own, Peter made such rapid progress in his studies of theology and canon law, first at Ravenna, then at Faenza, and finally at the University of Parma, that, around the age of 25, he was already a famous teacher
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Riccobaldo of Ferrara


. He is known to have been at Padua in 1293, at Ravenna in 1297-1300, exercising his profession at Ferrara in 1308, once again in Padua at unspecified period between 1308 and 1313, and at Ferrara in 1310. He died some time after 1318. The claims that his real name was Gervasio (Gervase), that he belonged to the Mainardi family, and that he was for a time a canon in Ravenna, are doubtless products of somewhat approximate sixteenth- and seventeenth-century scholarship. One thing that
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Canons regular


the pagan Slavs of Lower Germany; his disciple Meinhard (died 1196) evangelized the people of eastern Livonia. In the 16th century the Portuguese Congregation of Saint John the Baptist took the good news of salvation to the Congo, Ethiopia and India. At the general chapter of the Lateran Congregation held at Ravenna in 1558, at the request of many Spanish canons, Don Francis de Agala, a professed canon regular from Spain, who for some ten years had already laboured in the newly discovered country, was created vicar-general
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Aachen


marble and columns used in the construction of the cathedral were brought from Rome and Ravenna, including the sarcophagus that Charlemagne was eventually laid to rest in. A bronze bear from Gaul was placed inside, along with an equestrian statue from Ravenna, believed to be Theodric. These were in contrast to a wolf and a statue of Marcus Aurelius in the Capitoline. Bronze pieces such as the doors and railings were cast in a local foundry, some of which have survived to the present. Finally, there is uncertainty surrounding the bronze
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Agostino Rivarola


named cardinal. During 1824-1826, he pursued Carbonari revolutionaries in the province of Ravenna. Over 500 were imprisoned in 1825, including 5 capital punishments (all commuted). In 1826, he returned to Rome. However prior to returning to Rome, on July 23, 1826, while his carriage was on the streets of Ravenna, a pair of Carbonari attempted to assassinate him by firing into his cab. A fellow passenger of his entourage, Canon Muti, died from the gunshot. A later investigation under the Pope
3476201
Pope Clement II


A dispute for precedence among the Sees of Ravenna, Milan, and Aquileia was settled in favour of Ravenna. Clement accompanied the Emperor in a triumphal progress through southern Italy and placed Benevento under an interdict for refusing to open its gates to them. Proceeding with Henry to Germany, he canonized Wiborada, a nun of St. Gall, martyred by the Hungarians in 925. On his way back to Rome, he died near Pesaro on 9 October 1047. His corpse was transferred back to Bamberg, which he had loved dearly,
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Santa Maria del Suffragio, Ravenna


Santa Maria del Suffragio is a Late-Baroque-style, Roman Catholic church located on Via Serafino Ferruzzi in Ravenna, region of Emilia Romagna, Italy. The church was designed by Francesco Fontana, son of Carlo Fontana, and erected between 1701 and 1728. The church was commissioned by the "Confraternity of Beata Vergine dei Suffragi". The layout of the church is octagonal. Antonio Martinetti sculpted the eight stucco statues of the inside. The main altarpiece is by Andrea Barbiani. The statues and bas-reliefs of the
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Apollinaris of Laodicea


Apollinaris the Younger, also known as Apollinaris of Laodicea, (died 382) was a bishop of Laodicea in Syria. He is best known, however, as a noted opponent of Arianism. Apollinaris's eagerness to emphasize the deity of Jesus and the unity of his person led him so far as to deny the existence of a rational human soul in Christ's human nature. This view came to be called Apollinarism. It was condemned by the First Council of Constantinople in 381. He collaborated with his father, Apollinaris the
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Lucius Domitius Apollinaris


Lucius Domitius Apollinaris was a Roman senator of the late first century. He is best known for his literary activities, as an acquaintance of Pliny the Younger and a patron of the poet Martial. He was appointed suffect consul in the "nundinium" of July-August 97 with Sextus Hermentidius Campanus as his colleague. Martial dedicated three of the books of his epigrams to Apollinaris: the fourth, seventh, and eleventh. The family origins of Apollinaris lie in Vercellae in Northwestern Italy. Thanks to the ingenuous identification of Apollinaris with
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Modena-Nonantola


The Archdiocese of Modena-Nonantola () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Italy. It existed as the "Diocese of Modena" in central Italy from the 4th century. Originally it was a suffragan (subject to) the diocese of Milan, but later became a suffragan of Ravenna. Because of the schism of the Antipope Clement III, Pope Paschal II released Modena from obedience to the church of Ravenna, but Pope Gelasius II restored the previous status. Modena continued as a suffragan of Ravenna until 1582, when the
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Apollinaris of Clermont


of Ruricius, he helped to distribute his father's writings. After the Visigothic capture of Clermont, Apollinaris fled the town with "comes" Victorius to Italy; there Victorius was killed, and Apollinaris was taken captive, but managed to escape with his servant and return home. Apollinaris apparently got along with king Alaric II far better than Alaric's predecessor, for Gregory of Tours records that Apollinaris led a militia raised in Clermont on the Visigothic side of the Battle of Vouillé in 507. Although several letters written to him from
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Monument to Dante


sculptor from Ravenna caused some rumblings. Florence and Ravenna for years had disputed who was to hold the remains of Dante: his native city or the city of his exile. The church of Santa Croce which stands on the same piazza of this statue has an elaborate but empty tomb monument to Dante. The pedestal has four Marzocco lions with shields holding the names of minor Dante works and the symbols of various Italian cities who contributed to the cost of the sculpture. The statue initially placed in the center of the Piazza was later
8471830
Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty


were summoned from Rome so when Pope Sergius I was asked to approve of 102 canons he not only refused but managed to use the militias of Rome and Ravenna against the Exarch Zacharias. The clemency of the pope allowed the Exarch of Ravenna to escape with his life. Upon hearing of this, Justinian is said to have gone into another one of his rages. He was already unpopular at the young age of 23. His heavy handedness in extracting the tax money from the peasants and the rich made him deeply resented, especially
8679845
Roman Catholic Diocese of Piacenza-Bobbio


to the metropolitanate of Ravenna; his decision was confirmed by Pope Calixtus II in 1121, and in 1125 by Pope Honorius II. Bishop Arduinus of Piacenza (1119?–1147), however, resisted efforts of the popes and the Archbishop of Ravenna to return his diocese to suffragan status. On 29 March 1148, Pope Eugene III wrote to Archbishop Moyses of Ravenna that he had approved the election of Bishop Joannes of Piacenza. On 9 November 1148, however, he wrote to Bishop-elect Joannes, ordering him to have himself consecrated
8792736
Roman Catholic Diocese of Valence


Carthage, both mid-third century martyrs), but in 1095, during his visit to France to rouse up the aristocracy for a Crusade to liberate the Holy Land, Pope Urban II rededicated the cathedral to Saint Apollinaris, one of Valence's sixth century bishops. The Cathedral had fourteen Canons, including a Dean, a Provost, the Archdeacon, a Theologian, and the Abbot of S. Felix. In the Great Western Schism (1378–1417), the Bishops of Valence-et-Die were all appointed by and were
1314395
New Town, Prague


the Collegiate Abbey of St. Apollinaris (kostel sv. Apolináře) on the Wind Hill (Větrná hora or Na Větrníku). At the highest point of the new fortifications in the SE, the wall changed to a northerly direction at the Painters Tower, where there was a small postern. It is clear that this necessitated the building of a third castle-like construction between Hradčany and Vyšehrad, the so-called Charles' Court. In 1350 Charles established some French Augustinian canons here. The newly founded monastery and abbey churches
17940427
Apollinaris (water)


company was controlled by the "Amt III" ('third office'), a division of the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt' "Amtsgruppe W" in charge of the food industry in Nazi Germany. Along with other mineral waters—Sudetenquell and Mattoni—Apollinaris was bottled at the Rheinglassfabrik bottling plant, also controlled by the SS. Today the source and the brand of Apollinaris belong to Coca-Cola, which acquired it from the multinational Cadbury-Schweppes in 2006. In the 1950s and 1960s, Apollinaris co-
7654491
First Council of the Lateran


Clerics in major orders may not marry, and marriages already contracted must be dissolved. Text. We absolutely forbid priests, deacons, subdeacons, and monks to have concubines or to contract marriage. We decree in accordance with the definitions of the sacred canons, that marriages already contracted by such persons must be dissolved, and that the persons be condemned to do penance. CANON 22 Summary. The alienation of possessions of the exarchate of Ravenna is condemned, and the Ordinaries made by the intruders are invalid. Text. The alienation
11120187
Apollinaris (the Elder)


Apollinaris the Elder was a Christian grammarian of the 4th century, first in Berytus (now Beirut) in Phoenicia, then in Laodicea in Syria. He was the father of Apollinaris of Laodicea. He became a priest, and was among the staunchest upholders of the Council of Nicæa (325) and of St. Athanasius. When the Emperor Julian the Apostate forbade Christian professors to lecture or comment on the poets or philosophers of Greece (362), Apollinaris and his son both strove to replace the literary masterpieces of antiquity by new
10672899
Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado


health services from Sawantwadi and an eminent botanist; Patrocínio Dalgado, ophthalmologist; and Eduardo Dalgado, a lawyer in Lisbon. After completing his elementary studies in Assagao, the young Dalgado completed his secondary education in Mapusa and joined the Rachol Seminary, near Margao, from where he was ordained a priest in 1881. Considered the best student of his course, he was selected for further studies and then went on to Rome, where he enrolled at the Seminary of St. Apollinaris. In Rome his doctorate was in Canon Law and Roman
11531121
Sigismund von Kollonitsch


), Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch. After attending the Jesuit Convocation in Neuhaus (Bohemia), he studied at the German College of Apollinaris in Rome and received his doctorate in theology. On 22 October 1699, he was ordained a priest, already a canon in Gran (Hungary) by 1700, and was consecrated titular Bishop of Scutari. From 1705, he was a Royal Hungarian Councillor and, from 14 October 1709, Bishop of Waitzen, where he founded the Piarists. On 1 July 1716, he became the prince
22158175
Francesco Ingoli


Francesco Ingoli (21 November 1578 – 24 April 1649) was an Italian priest, lawyer and professor of civil and canon law. Born in Ravenna Italy, Ingoli learned a number of languages, including Arabic, and graduated from the University of Padua in civil and canon law in 1601, he entered the order of Theatines and studied astronomy, writing an essay on stars in 1604 and another on comets in 1607. In 1606 he entered the service of Cardinal Bonifazio Caetani (1567-1617) who was the papal legate in
10928908
Peter of Ravenna


was appointed professor of canon and civil law at the University of Cologne in 1506. He was attacked by Jacob van Hoogstraaten, in a legal controversy over the bodies of hanged criminals. The controversy, in 1507, was with the Cologne theological faculty, as a matter of demarcation. Peter repeated his views in a new edition of his canon law textbook. Hoogstraaten persisted, when Peter moved in 1508 to Mainz. He died soon afterwards. He also held a controversial opinion on divorce, believing that it was within the powers
1647223
Roman Catholic Diocese of Faenza-Modigliana


issued a decree on 30 September 1986, uniting the two dioceses of Faenza and Modigliana under one bishop, with one Curia, and with one seat, and one Cathedral Chapter, in Faenza. The former cathedral of Modigliana was reduced to the rank of co-cathedral, and was allowed to keep its Chapter of Canons. In 740, according to the "Chronicon" of Canon Tolosanus of Faenza, the Lombard King Liutprand descended upon Faenza and put the town under siege. He was intent on seizing the Exarchate of Ravenna
244483
Apollinaris Claudius


Saint Apollinaris Claudius, otherwise Apollinaris of Hierapolis or Apollinaris the Apologist, was a Christian leader and writer of the 2nd century. He was Bishop of Hierapolis in Phrygia and became famous for his polemical treatises against the heretics of his day, whose errors he showed to be entirely borrowed from the pagans. In 177 he published an ""Apologia"" for the Christians, addressed to Marcus Aurelius, and appealing to the Emperor's own experience with the "Thundering Legion", whose prayers won him the victory over the Quadi
14886830
Apollinaris Mons


Apollinaris Mons is an ancient shield volcano in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is situated near the equator, south of Elysium Planitia and north of the impact crater Gusev (the landing site of the Mars rover "Spirit"). Elysium Planitia separates it from the volcanic province of Elysium to its northwest. The volcano's caldera is named Apollinaris Patera; this name formerly applied to the whole edifice. Apollinaris Mons is about 5 kilometres high with a base about 296 kilometres in diameter. On the top of this volcano is
15634306
Legio XV Apollinaris


side of the Second Triumvirate and then sent east. Octavianus (later Emperor Augustus) raised XV "Apollinaris" in order to end the occupation of Sicily by Sextus Pompeius, who was threatening Rome's grain supply. After the Battle of Actium, where the legion probably gained its epitaph "Apollinaris", it was sent to garrison Illyricum, where it probably remained until 6 BC, though it might have seen action in the Cantabrian Wars. In 6 AD, "Apollinaris" was part of the huge campaign by Tiberius against
19921999
Lucius Domitius Apollinaris


was stationed in Syria. Eck suspects his command of Legio VI was during the governorship of Publius Valerius Patruinus (AD 87-91), for Patruinus was the father of Apollinaris' wife, Valeria Vetilla. After concluding his command of Legio VI Ferrata, Apollinaris returned to Rome to serve as prefect of the "aerarium militare" for three years. At this point we know of his career from other sources. It has been long known that Apollinaris was governor of Lycia et Pamphylia from 93 to 96. An inscription recovered
8662168
Lucius Domitius Apollinaris


was not sharp enough to poison the friendship between Apollinaris and Pliny, for around the time of his consulate Pliny wrote to him in support of Sextius Erucius' candidacy for plebeian tribune. Unfortunately, this is the last time we can assign a date to any mention of his activities. Pliny addressed one more letter to Apollinaris. Apparently Pliny wrote to him about taking a vacation on his estate in Tuscany, and Apollinaris replied to this news with alarm for Pliny's health. The existing letter is a reply to explain his estate
8662171
Aquileian Rite


Aquileian. Aquileia adopted them from Alexandria, under whose influence she stood (according to the synod of Aquileia of 381; op. cit., 47). Rome then took her Canon from Aquileia about the fifth century. If this be true, the influence of Aquileia on the Western liturgy has been enormous. Aquileia would be the portal by which the Roman Canon came to Europe. Baumstark ascribes "De sacramentis" to Ravenna rather than to Milan, but agrees that it came originally from Alexandria, Egypt and that Aquileia
367187
Roman Catholic Diocese of Imola


began to exercise the rights which had once belonged to the entire Clergy. By the year 1217, the right to elect the bishop belonged to the Canons of the Cathedral of S. Cassiano and the Canons of San Lorenzo, acting as a single electoral college. On 7 August 1118, Pope Gelasius II restored to the Archbishop of Ravenna all of the dioceses which had been removed from his metropolitanate by Pope Paschal II, due to the participation of the archbishops in the schism that supported the Emperor Henry IV. One of the dioceses
9454007
Steffi Graf


signed many endorsement deals throughout the years including a ten-year endorsement deal with car manufacturer Opel in 1985, and Rexona from 1994 to 1998. Other companies she has endorsed include Barilla, Apollinaris, Citibank, Danone and Teekanne. She has appeared in many advertisements and television commercials with Andre Agassi including Canon Inc. and Longines in 2008 (Agassi became Longines ambassador in 2007). In 2015, she was appointed as the brand ambassador of Kerala tourism, for promoting Ayurveda in North America and Europe. In 1997, she left
3826490
Józef Sebastian Pelczar


on 17 July 1864. He was assigned to be a parish priest at Sambor. He was later transferred to Rome in 1866 for further studies and he studied at the Institute of Saint Apollinaris and at the Collegium Romanum. He gained a doctorate in both theological studies and in canon law. He also served as a professor from 1869 to 1877 and served in that role in both Przemyśl and Krakow from 1882 to 1883. Pelczar established several libraries and he delivered free lectures and published countless books. He would write on historical topics
6998253
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974


policy reason would exist to not shield SEP IRAs, but many financial planners argue that a rollover (or direct transfer) from a SEP IRA to a "rollover IRA" would give those funds protected status, too. Portions of ERISA are codified in various places of the United States Code, including , and Internal Revenue Code sections and (relating to the Individual Retirement Account) and sections through , and , and . A cross-reference between the sections of the ERISA law and the corresponding sections in the U.S.Code can be
18827832
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy


The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) combines an online encyclopedia of philosophy with peer-reviewed publication of original papers in philosophy, freely accessible to Internet users. It is maintained by Stanford University. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles. , the "SEP" has nearly 1,600 published entries. Apart from its online status, the
3875988
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
557049
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974


, the BAPCPA amended the Bankruptcy Code, by exempting most organized retirement plans, even those not subject to ERISA, and accorded them protected status, claimable as exempt property by a debtor declaring bankruptcy under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Now, most pension plans have the same protection as an ERISA anti-alienation clause giving these pensions the same protection as a spendthrift trust. The only remaining unprotected areas are the SIMPLE IRA and the SEP IRA. The SEP IRA is functionally similar to a self-settle trust, and a sound
18827831
Byzantine Papacy


the church of Ravenna abandoned its claim to independent status (formerly endorsed by Constans II), imperial taxation was lessened, and the right of papal confirmation was delegated from Constantinople to the Exarch of Ravenna. It was during this period that the Papacy began "thinking of the Universal Church not as the sum of individual churches as the East did, but as synonymous with the Roman Church". Pope Agatho, a Greek Sicilian, started "a nearly unbroken succession of Eastern pontiffs spanning the next three quarters of a century"
10415143
Enrico Pazzi


of the yearly exhibition. With the help of the cardinal Legate of the city, Luigi Amat, he was readmitted to the Academy. With a stipend from the Academy, he moved to Florence and worked under the mentorship (1845-1851) of Giovanni Duprè. Enrico opened a studio on Via dei Maccheroni with fellow artist from Ravenna, Luigi Majoli. In the early 1850s, a project for a statue of Dante for a piazza in Ravenna was declined. Pazzi subsisted on small private projects for tomb monuments and house decorations
16878221
Greek Madonna (sculpture)


The Greek Madonnais a Byzantine bas-relief sculpture of the Virgin Mary in Ravenna - she is patron saint of the city, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia and the Vicariate of the Sea ("Vicariato del Mare"). It was made of Parian marble during the era before the 431 Council of Ephesus, which confirmed Mary's status as Theotokos. According to a legend in the Carte Portuensi, Pietro degli Onesti and the monks of Santa Maria in Porto (the Porto Fuori gate was then by the shoreline
21928757
Traversari


year 1000, moved to Venice, where they obtained the patrician status. From here they took a new surname, as the noble Venetian family called "Lezze". The main branch of the family remained in Romagna. The Traversari family held possessions in Ravenna and in the countryside, exercising a dominant role in the city. The Traversari extended their influence over much of the northern Adriatic. In 1024 Rustico Traversari had properties in Adria, Comacchio, Ravenna, Cervia, Imola, Faenza, Rimini, Jesi and Ancona. Alberto
1110366
Ravenna Helson


Ravenna Mathews Helson (born February 13, 1925) is an American psychologist known for her research on the psychology of women and creativity. Dacher Keltner has described her as "a pioneer in the study of women's lives". Helson began working at the Institute of Personality Assessment and Research (IPAR) in 1957, when she accepted an invitation from director Donald W. MacKinnon to join the Institute. She was promoted to the position of full-status researcher at IPAR in 1980, and became an adjunct professor of psychology at
1165409
Cervia


all over the world and showcasing Cervia's premiere status as a global competitive venue. Originally called Ficocle, it was probably of Greek origin and was located midway between current Cervia and Ravenna. It is known that this original settlement was destroyed in 709 by patrician Theodore for its alliance with Ravenna against the loyal Byzantines. Later the centre was rebuilt in a more secure position, in the "Salina". This medieval city grew until it was provided with three fortified entrances, a Palaces of Priors, seven churches and a castle
13636875
Apollinaris (water)


blunder into hospitality?" The Jerome K. Jerome novel, "Three Men on the Bummel" (1900) contains a description of the product: “There is Apollinaris water which, I believe, with a little lemon squeezed into it, is practically harmless." Short story author O. Henry references Apollinaris in different stories including "The Social Triangle" (1907), "The Lost Blend" (1907) and "The Unprofitable Servant" (1912). "The Lost World" by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (
7654498
Justin Martyr


Expositio rectae fidei" has been assigned by Draseke to Apollinaris of Laodicea, but it is probably a work of as late as the 6th century. The "Cohortatio ad Graecos" has been attributed to Apollinaris of Laodicea, Apollinaris of Hierapolis, as well as others. The "Epistola ad Zenam et Serenum", an exhortation to Christian living, is dependent upon Clement of Alexandria, and is assigned by Pierre Batiffol to the Novatian Bishop Sisinnius (c. 400). The extant work under the title "On the Sovereignty of
16598750
Apollinaris (water)


an hour?"" In Act I of Bernard Shaw's play "Widowers' Houses" (1892), the English tourist Sartorius is shocked that there is a church in Germany called Apollinaris, thinking they have named it after the mineral water. In "What Maisie Knew" by Henry James (1897) (chapter 19), Maisie and her stepfather, in a coffee-room at lunch-time, partake of cold beef and apollinaris. The Edward Noyes Westcott book "David Harum" (1898) portrays
7654495
Theodoric the Great


restored Ravenna's water supply by repairing an aqueduct originally built by Trajan. According to the chronicles of Cassiodorus, a number of cities were renewed by Theodoric's building enterprises, some of which even surpassed the ancient wonders. Historian Jonathan J. Arnold quips: He constructed a "Great Basilica of Hercules" next to a colossal statue of the hero himself. To promote Arianism, the king commissioned a small Arian cathedral, the "Hagia Anastasis", which contains the Arian Baptistery. Three more churches built by Theodoric in Ravenna and
12671213
Apollinaris of Valence


Saint Apollinaris of Valence (also known as Aplonay) (453–520), born in Vienne, France, was bishop of Valence, France, at the time of the irruption of the barbarians. Valence, which was the central see of the recently founded Kingdom of the Burgundians, had been scandalized by the dissolute Bishop Maximus, and the see in consequence had been vacant for fifty years. Apollinaris was of a family of nobles and saints; his father was Hesychius, bishop of Vienne, where episcopal honors were informally hereditary,
10857578
Apollinaris of Valence


had made him particularly obnoxious to the King, and was kept a close prisoner for a year. At last the King, stricken with a severe illness, repented, and the Queen in person came to beg Apollinaris to go to the court to restore the monarch to health. On his refusal, the Queen asked for his cloak to place on the sufferer. The request was granted, and the King recovered. Apollinaris was sixty-four years old when he returned from Sardinia to Valence, and his people received him with
10857581
Tonantius Ferreolus (senator)


) and Apollinaris, the most charming hosts in the world". Tonantius was on the estates of his father when Sidonius Apollinaris visited between 461 and 467. As Sidonius relates, "at Prusianum, as the other (estate) is called, (the young) Tonantius and his brothers turned out of their beds for us because we could not be always dragging our gear about: they are surely the elect among the nobles of our own age". He is known to be a friend and relative of Sidonius Apollinaris.
15782140
Legio XV Apollinaris


Legio quinta decima Apollinaris ("Apollo's Fifteenth Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was recruited by Octavian in 41/40 BC. The emblem of this legion was probably a picture of Apollo, or of one of his holy animals. XV "Apollinaris" is sometimes confused with two other legions with the same number: An earlier unit which was commanded by Julius Caesar and met its end in North Africa in 49 BC, and a later unit that was present at the Battle of Philippi on the
19921998
Apollinaris (water)


Clover" (1888), part of the Katy Series, mentions the water during a private train journey to Colorado: ""The car seems paved with bottles of Apollinaris and with lemons," wrote Katy to her father...Just as surely as it grows warm and dusty, and we begin to remember that we are thirsty, a tinkle is heard, and Bayard appears with a tray,--iced lemonade, if you please, made with Apollinaris water with strawberries floating on top! What do you think of that at thirty miles
7654494
Apollinaris (water)


In a bar scene, some fellows drinking together, set around a table, try to remember the name of a poet, whose verses a former friend of theirs (reputed pretentious) use to always quote. They only remember that this name sounded like a "mineral water name". They finally all agree on Apollinaris. In the UK and Ireland, Apollinaris was sold in small bottles, which were marketed as "The Baby 'Polly". The poem "Sun and Fun" by Sir John Betjeman, published in
7654502