Catherine of Genoa [SEP] canonization status
[{"answer": "Catholic saint", "provenance": [{"wikipedia_id": "6113705", "title": "Catherine of Genoa", "start_paragraph_id": 1, "start_character": 0, "end_paragraph_id": 1, "end_character": 275, "bleu_score": 1.0, "meta": {}, "section": "Section::::Abstract."}]}]
Carol Lee Flinders


-authored with her husband Timothy Flinders. It provided an oral history of the life and work of spiritual teacher Eknath Easwaran, who had helped inspire the creation of "Laurel's Kitchen." In 1993, Flinders published "Enduring Grace: Living Portraits of Seven Women Mystics", a well-received collection of spiritual portraits of 7 Catholic mystics, 5 of them canonized as saints: Claire of Assisi, Mechtilde of Magdeburg, Julian of Norwich, Catherine of Siena, Catherine of Genoa, Teresa of Avila, and Therese
14223915
Catherine of Genoa


with the publication in 1551 of the book known in English as the "Life and Doctrine of Saint Catherine of Genoa". She and her teaching were the subject of Baron Friedrich von Hügel's classic work "The Mystical Element of Religion" (1908). Catherine was born in Genoa in 1447, the last of five children. Catherine's parents were Jacopo Fieschi and Francesca di Negro, both of illustrious Italian birth. The family was connected to two previous popes, and Jacopo became Viceroy of Naples. Catherine wished to
22040183
Monumental Cemetery of Bonaria


monument to the Parisian banker Victor Camille Fevrier, is a marble bust of the deceased, draped by an angel, by Giuseppe Sartorio (1898). The walls that surround the area of the old graveyard hold fifty vaults, including some belonging to societies of Saint George and Catherine of Genoa (bearing the emblem of Genoa) outside. Among the family vaults, the Barrago vault holds the monument to Maria Anna Barrago dei conti Ciarella, sculpted in 1880 by Giovanni Battista Villa, a marble statue of the woman who died aged
15381035
Lorenzo De Ferrari


he met Ignazio Hugford and Francesco Maria Niccolo Gaburri. The latter, who was "Luogotenente" of the Florentine Academy of Fine Arts, helped get him awarded an honorary membership (August 1, 1734). This trip, although short, greatly influenced Lorenzo as an artist and contribution his formation of a more intricate, Rococo style. In 1736, he erected a series of elaborate structures, of which no trace remains today, in the Genoa Cathedral to celebrate the canonization of Catherine Fieschi Adorno. In the same year he
3597705
Catherine of Genoa


, a nun who lived in a monastery in Genoa from 1510 till her death in 1587, had edited the two works. This suggestion is now discredited by recent scholarship, which attributes a large part of both works to St. Catherine, even though they received their final literary form only after her death. Catherine's thought on purgatory, for which she is particularly known, and her way of describing it, is original in some features for the period. Catherine's writings were examined by the Holy Office and declared to contain
22040191
Battistina Vernazza


Battistina Vernazza (secular name Tommasina Vernazza) (born at Genoa, 1497; died there, 1587) was an Italian canoness regular and mystical writer. Her father, Ettore Vernazza, was a patrician, founder of several hospitals for the sick poor in Genoa, Rome, and Naples. Her godmother was Catherine Fieschi-Adorno, known as Catherine of Genoa. At the early age of 13, Tommasina entered the monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie, and became a canoness regular, taking the name of Battistina. She filled
13864483
Catherine of Genoa


, a book about her life and teaching was published, entitled "Libro de la vita mirabile et dottrina santa de la Beata Caterinetta de Genoa" ("Book of the marvellous life and holy teaching of the Blessed Catherine of Genoa"). This is the source of her "Dialogues on the Soul and the Body" and her "Treatise on Purgatory", which are often printed separately. Her authorship of these has been denied, and it used to be thought that another mystic, the Augustinian canoness regular Battistina Vernazza
22040190
Catherine of Genoa


Saint Catherine of Genoa (Caterina Fieschi Adorno, 1447 – 15 September 1510) was an Italian Roman Catholic saint and mystic, admired for her work among the sick and the poor and remembered because of various writings describing both these actions and her mystical experiences. She was a member of the noble Fieschi family, and spent most of her life and her means serving the sick, especially during the plague which ravaged Genoa in 1497 and 1501. She died in that city in 1510. Her fame outside her native city is connected
22040182
Mauro Piacenza


" and "his traditionalist ecclesiastical line of thought". Piacenza was born in Genoa. After studying at the Major Archiepiscopal Seminary of Genoa, he was ordained to the priesthood by Giuseppe Siri on 21 December 1969. He then completed his studies at the Pontifical Lateran University, where he obtained a doctorate "summa cum laude" in canon law. After serving as a parochial vicar, he worked as chaplain to the University of Genoa. Piacenza taught canon law at the Theological Faculty of Northern Italy and held several other posts,
16009950
Genoa


San Siro di Struppa. The city was the birthplace of several popes (Innocent IV, Adrian V, Innocent VIII, and Benedict XV) and various saints (Syrus of Genoa, Romulus of Genoa, Catherine of Genoa, and Virginia Centurione Bracelli). The Archbishop of Genoa Jacobus de Voragine, wrote the Golden Legend. Also from Genoa were: Giovanni Paolo Oliva, the Superior General of the Society of Jesus; Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni, the Archbishop of Aix; Ausonio Franchi, priest, philosopher, and theologian;
9739491
Community of Saint Martin


100 seminarians. It is present in 22 French dioceses and in Cuba and Italy. Some members of the Community are also at the service of the Holy See, and entrusted with various missions in Rome or in apostolic nunciatures. The first canonical recognition of the Community was granted by Cardinal Siri in 1979. His successor as the archbishop of Genoa, Cardinal Giovanni Canestri, recognized the Community as a public clerical association of diocesan right. In 2000 it got the status of a public clerical association of pontifical right and in 2008 the
16431429
Basilica of Our Lady of Walsingham


The Basilica of Our Lady of Walsingham, informally known as the Slipper Chapel or the Chapel of Saint Catherine of Alexandria, is a Roman Catholic basilica located in Houghton Saint Giles, Norfolk, England. Built in 1340, it was the last chapel on the pilgrim route to Walsingham. Pope Pius XII granted a canonical coronation to the venerated statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Walsingham presently enshrined within the chapel on 15 August 1954. Pope Francis raised the sanctuary to the status of a minor basilica
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Catherine of Genoa


the Middle East, had returned to Genoa to get married. Their marriage was probably a ploy to end the feud between their two families. The marriage turned out wretchedly: it was childless and Giuliano proved to be faithless, violent-tempered and a spendthrift, and he made his wife's life a misery. Details are scant, but it seems at least clear that Catherine spent the first five years of her marriage in silent, melancholy submission to her husband; and that she then, for another five years, turned
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Catherine of Genoa


became a Franciscan tertiary, but she joined no religious order. Her husband's spending had ruined them financially. He and Catherine decided to live in the Pammatone, a large hospital in Genoa, and to dedicate themselves to works of charity there. She eventually became manager and treasurer of the hospital. She died in 1510, worn out with labours of body and soul. Her death had been slow with many days of pain and suffering as she experienced visions and wavered between life and death. For about 25 years, St.
22040188
Bertha Lum


in Beijing for an alleged plot to assassinate Mao Zedong. Lum had been staying with Catherine at the time of Riva's arrest and was herself placed under house arrest. In 1953 Lum left China and moved with Catherine to Genoa, Italy. She died in Genoa, Italy in February 1954. In 1912 Lum was the only female artist to exhibit at the Tokyo International Exhibition. She was awarded a silver medal at the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition for her color woodcuts. She also exhibited at the Los Angeles County Museum
6931638
Genoa


(John Cabot) was also from Genoa, others say he was from Savona. Saints from Genoa include Romulus, Syrus, Catherine of Genoa. Among the latest generations, musicians like Andrea Bacchetti, Giulio Plotino, Sergio Ciomei, Lorenzo Cavasanti, Stefano Bagliano and Fabrizio Cipriani, as well as academics and authors like Michele Giugliano and Roberto Dillon, help in keeping the name of the city on the international spotlight in different fields among the arts, technology and culture. Corso Italia runs for in the quartiere of Albaro, linking
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Church of St. Catherine of Genoa (Manhattan)


The Church of St. Catherine of Genoa is a Roman Catholic parish church in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located at 504 West 153rd Street, between Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue in the Hamilton Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The "AIA Guide to New York City" calls the gabled church "a unique star" of the Hamilton Heights neighborhood. The parish was established in 1887 from Annunciation and St. Elizabeth parishes south and north of it. Services were held in a local movie theater until a church could
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Church of St. Catherine of Genoa (Manhattan)


bracketed entryway." A parish school was started in 1910. The rectory next door at 506 West 153rd Street was built c.1926, and in 1937 the Rev. John J. Brady had a four-story brick schoolhouse built at 508-510 West 153rd Street to designs by Jules Lewis. The school closed in 2006, but the building is now used by the New York City Department of Education for P.S. 226. The parishioners of St. Catherine of Genoa were Irish immigrants when the church was established. Today there is a mix of
18565533
Joseph Fox the elder


be disowned by the society of Friends and became a catholic on what was supposed to be his deathbed and lived a year afterwards. 4- Sarah (19 Jan 1760, Falmouth-9 Sep 1760, Falmouth) 5- Tabitha (19 Jan 1760, Falmouth-9 Sep 1760, Falmouth) 6- Edward Long (26 Apr 1761, Falmouth-2 May 1835, Brislington, Somerset married 1st 15 Oct 1784 Catherine Brown; married 2nd 21 Nov 1805 Isabella Ker, issue 7- Rachel (2 Dec 1762, Falmouth-22 Jun 1766, Falmouth) 8- Richard (7
15229249
Catherine of Aragon


. While Henry VII and his councillors expected her to be easily manipulated, Catherine went on to prove them wrong. Marriage to Arthur's brother depended on the Pope granting a dispensation because canon law forbade a man to marry his brother's widow (Lev. 18:16). Catherine testified that her marriage to Arthur was never consummated as, also according to canon law, a marriage was not valid until consummated. Catherine's second wedding took place on 11 June 1509, seven years after Prince Arthur's death. She married Henry
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa


Genoa in 934–935, and the site was probably abandoned for a few years. In 980, when the threat of the Saracens had receded, Bishop Teodulfus, seeing that the devastated lands were recovering and that the "decima" tax was able to be collected again, donated the income of those lands to the maintenance of the Canons of the Cathedral ("nostrorum cardinalium clericorum mancipamus usui"). In October 1118, Pope Gelasius II arrived in Genoa from Pisa, having fled from the violence of the Frangipani family in Rome
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Vincenzo Maculani


"Vincenzo". He studied in Bologna, becoming a "lector" of theology and canon law but also of practical geometry and architecture. He was appointed as an Inquisitor in Padua in 1627 and in Genoa from 1627 to 1629. While he was in Genoa he was also given the task of rebuilding the city's wall, along with Giovanni Battista Baliani. Parts of Genoa's new walls remain standing today. Thereafter, Maculani was called to Rome by Pope Urban VIII, who named him procurator-general of his order
2122753
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa


a year in Genoa, the Doge of Genoa urged the Pope to find other accommodations, since strife between papal supporters and the inhabitants of the city were a constant threat to the Republic. Before he departed in December 1386, Pope Urban had four of his cardinal prisoners executed. Only Cardinal Adam de Easton escaped, because of the personal intervention of the King of England. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Chapter of the Cathedral of S. Lorenzo was composed of five dignities and twelve Canons. The dignities were:
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Ajaccio


only two dignities, the Archpriest and the Archdeacon, and three Canons with three prebends. Pope Sixtus V added five Canons, making a total of ten members of the body. In 1695, there were two dignities and twelve Canons. In 1759, Ajaccio had a population of around 5,000, under the political control of the Republic of Genoa, though the diocese was suffragan to the Metropolitan of Pisa. The Cathedral had one dignity and thirteen canons, there was one monastery of monks. Before the French Revolution, Corsica contained
13460966
Guido Marini


Monsignor Guido Marini (born 31 January 1965) is an Italian priest of the Catholic Church, who has been the Master of Pontifical Liturgical Ceremonies since 1 October 2007. Pope Francis has extended his appointment to 2022. He previously served as chief liturgist for the Archdiocese of Genoa. Marini was born in Genoa on 31 January 1965. He earned his B.A. in theology at the seminary in Genoa and was ordained a priest on 4 February 1989 by Cardinal Giovanni Canestri. He then earned a degree in both canon and civil law (
12712684
Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary


houses, St. Benedict Abbey and St. Scholastica's Priory; a diocesan women's religious community; and a Public Association of the Faithful in the Diocese of Worcester, Massachusetts. A fifth group split from the Stillwater Center and founded a separate self-identified Catholic community in New Hampshire. The latter has no canonical status. In 1940, Catherine Clarke and several associates founded the St. Bernard Center in Harvard Square, as a student center for students attending college in the Boston area. Leonard Feeney, S.J., became chaplain at the
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Giuseppe Gaggini


position as professor of sculpture in the Accademia Albertina. In Genoa, he completed the statues of Angels in the Duomo; made a nautical statue for public decoration, and the bas-relief for the monument to Christopher Columbus. he also completed the monument to the Balduino family for the Camposanto of Genoa. In Piedmont, he completed a bas-relief of the "Triumph of Paolo Emilio" for the Castle of Racconigi; a statue of "Vittorio Emanuele I"; a monument to Prince Tommaso for the Sindone Chapel;
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Luigi Fabris


, when he was already an accomplished sculptor, he made the statue for the Monument to the Fallen Soldier of the Air Force Ferruccio Lucchetti at the Cimitero Monumentale di Milano. In 1920, he was commissioned by the Municipality of Bassano to make the statue La Musa Scrivente dedicated to the writer Giovanni Vaccari, deceased in 1919, currently in the Parolini Gardens in Bassano. He won the first prize at a sculpture contest in Genoa with the work La Samaritana. The bronze statue is now in a building in Genoa, while the
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Genova (2008 film)


Genova (released in the US as A Summer in Genoa) is a film directed by Michael Winterbottom and starring Colin Firth, Catherine Keener, and Hope Davis. It was filmed in the titular city of Genoa (Genova in Italian) during the summer of 2007. It was written by "Wonderland" screenwriter Laurence Coriat and Winterbottom. It premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival and won the best director's award in the San Sebastián International Film Festival. Following the death of his wife in a car accident, a
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Angelo Carletti di Chivasso


In 1472 he was chosen to fill the office of Vicar-General of that branch of the Order then known as the Cismontane Observance, founded by Bernadine of Siena. He held that office again in 1478, in 1485 and in 1490. He founded the monasteries of Saluzzo, Mondovì and Pinerolo; and preached in Mantua, Genoa, Cuneo, Susa, Monferrato and Turin at the court of Charles I, Duke of Savoy. He also served as a spiritual counselor for Catherine of Genoa and Blessed Paola Gambara. In 1480
3890105
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974


policy reason would exist to not shield SEP IRAs, but many financial planners argue that a rollover (or direct transfer) from a SEP IRA to a "rollover IRA" would give those funds protected status, too. Portions of ERISA are codified in various places of the United States Code, including , and Internal Revenue Code sections and (relating to the Individual Retirement Account) and sections through , and , and . A cross-reference between the sections of the ERISA law and the corresponding sections in the U.S.Code can be
18827832
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy


The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) combines an online encyclopedia of philosophy with peer-reviewed publication of original papers in philosophy, freely accessible to Internet users. It is maintained by Stanford University. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles. , the "SEP" has nearly 1,600 published entries. Apart from its online status, the
3875988
Prince of Belmonte


1st Count of Lavagna. The ancestors of the Princes of Belmonte include Sinibaldo, Pope Innocent IV, and Ottobuono, Pope Adrian V, as well as several cardinals, a King of Sicily, the Viceroy of Naples under René I of Naples (Jacopo Fieschi), three saints including Saint Catherine of Genoa (1447–1510), and both generals and admirals of Genoa and other states. Through their later marriage to a line of the Pignatelli, the Princes of Belmonte share blood with a third pope, Pope Innocent XII, and
9116780
World Qualification Series (2009)


18 - Aug 23" 30th Anniversary of the Lacanau Pro and good conditions this year. Surf, concerts, events scheduled. Check out the video for a summary of the event http://vimeo.com/6994555 "Aug 25 - Aug 30" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 01 - Sep 06" "Sep 04 - Sep 06" "Sep 09 - Sep 12" "Sep 10 - Sep 13" "Sep 08 - Sep 13" "Sep 15 - Sep 20" "Sep 16 - Sep 22" "Sep
1986943
St. Catherine's Old Church, Żejtun


dedicated to St. Catherine served the south eastern region of Malta. It was already a parish church in the early 15th century, and was the fifth of the eight mother churches on Malta. In fact, in 1436, the church appeared in the "de Mello rollo". Bishop Senatore de Mello asked four cathedral canons to investigate and list all prebends, canons and other beneficiaries in the diocese of Malta, as well as the incomes and the names of all priests benefiting from these sources. In this list, or "
5861152
Diocesan Museum (Genoa)


museum houses objects from the diocese of Genoa and the surrounding area, including sculptures, paintings, frescoes, illuminated manuscripts, and a series of liturgical items, as well as an archeological area. The museum was inaugurated on 16 December 2000, with its main entrance in the cloister. The building, erected on a Roman foundation between 1176 and 1184 as the residence of the canons of the cathedral and incorporating the old bishop's residence, is connected to the cloister by a passageway. The cloister was restored with funds from the
8936567
List of 1982–83 NBA season transactions


1982 Oct 2, 1982 Oct 1, 1982 Sep 30, 1982 Sep 29, 1982 Sep 28, 1982 Sep 27, 1982 Sep 24, 1982 Sep 22, 1982 Sep 20, 1982 Sep 19, 1982 Sep 18, 1982 Sep 17, 1982 Sep 15, 1982 Sep 14, 1982 Sep 13, 1982 Sep 10, 1982 Sep 9, 1982 Sep 7, 1982 Sep 2, 1982 Sep 1, 1982 Aug 31, 1982 Aug 27, 1982 Aug 26, 1982 Aug 16, 1982 Aug 8,
557049
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974


, the BAPCPA amended the Bankruptcy Code, by exempting most organized retirement plans, even those not subject to ERISA, and accorded them protected status, claimable as exempt property by a debtor declaring bankruptcy under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Now, most pension plans have the same protection as an ERISA anti-alienation clause giving these pensions the same protection as a spendthrift trust. The only remaining unprotected areas are the SIMPLE IRA and the SEP IRA. The SEP IRA is functionally similar to a self-settle trust, and a sound
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Giovanni Scanzi


Giovanni Scanzi (Genoa 1840 - Genoa 15 April 1915) was an Italian sculptor. His early apprenticeship led to formal studies in Rome, followed by a career as a prolific artist and teacher. He was particularly active creating monuments for the Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno in Genoa, with many other works located in museums, churches and public venues in Genoa and elsewhere. At the age of 12, Scanzi entered the workshop of sculptor Santo Varni, where he began dusting statues and gradually developed his skills. Varni was a professor at
20062311
List of diplomats of Great Britain to the Republic of Genoa


List of diplomats from the Kingdom of England and Great Britain to the Republic of Genoa Great Britain became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801; the city and republic of Genoa also transferred through several changes of national status during the 19th century. In 1797, the Republic passed into French control as the Ligurian Republic, and was formally annexed to France in 1805 as the département of Gênes. At the 1814 Congress of Vienna, Genoa became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Britain continued to appoint Consuls to the
6439181
Canonization of the Romanovs


the church inside Russia. The family was canonized on 1 November 1981 as new martyrs by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad. Their servants, who had been killed along with them, were also canonized. The canonized servants were their court physician, Yevgeny Botkin; their footman Alexei Trupp; their cook, Ivan Kharitonov; and Alexandra's maid, Anna Demidova. Also canonized were two servants killed in September 1918, lady in waiting Anastasia Hendrikova and tutor Catherine Adolphovna Schneider. All were canonized as victims of oppression by the Bolsheviks.
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Purgatory


Catherine of Genoa (1447–1510) in relation to purgatory, said that "In her day it was depicted mainly using images linked to space: a certain space was conceived of in which purgatory was supposed to be located. Catherine, however, did not see purgatory as a scene in the bowels of the earth: for her it is not an exterior but rather an interior fire. This is purgatory: an inner fire." While the Eastern Orthodox Church rejects the term "purgatory", it acknowledges an intermediate state after
12588142
St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin


St Catherine and St James with St Audoen, was created by an act of the General Synod of the Church of Ireland. This new parish is made up of each of the parishes of St Peter, St Matthias and St Audoen; St Catherine and St James; and St Luke and St Kevin. The rector is the Revd Canon M. D. Gardner, Prebendary of Maynooth. As noted above, in late June and early July 2007, Saint Patrick's appointed two ecumenical canons, one Presbyterian and one Roman Catholic, who
19100421
Anna Pieri Brignole Sale


Anna Pieri's son, Anton Giulio IV Brignole-Sale, 11th Marquess of Groppoli (1786–1863), attended the Congress of Vienna as a member of the Genoa Commission for restoration of the statehood of Genoa. He was rumored, probably without foundation, to be acting as the agent of Napoleon and Joachim Murat. Although he had a large sum of money to advance the cause, he did not succeed. She also had a daughter, Thérèse-Catherine de Brignole-Sale (1787–1865). Her granddaughter, Maria Brignole
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Catherine of Genoa


her life of close union with God in prayer, without using forms of prayer such as the rosary. She began to receive Communion almost daily, a practice extremely rare for lay people in the Middle Ages, and she underwent remarkable mental and at times almost pathological experiences, the subject of Friedrich von Hügel's study "The Mystical Element of Religion". She combined this with unselfish service to the sick in a hospital at Genoa, in which her husband joined her after he, too, had been converted. He later
22040187
Oratory of Divine Love


The Oratory of Divine Love was an Italian Catholic ecclesiastical reform movement that originated in Genoa at the end of the 15th century. The notary, Ettore Vernazza (father of the mystic nun, Battistina Vernazza), played a key role in its formation - along with three other Genoese citizens, Giovanni Battista Salvago, Nicolo Grimaldi, and Benedetto Lomellino, and with the advice and inspiration of Catherine of Genoa (Caterina Fieschi Adorno). Bernardino da Feltre had founded the Oratory of San Girolamo in the Italian city of Vicenza in 1494
8023150
Pope Nicholas III


1244, and was assigned the Deaconry of San Nicola in Carcere. He was a Canon and Prebendary of York, and also of Soissons and Laon In the summer of 1244, he was one of five cardinals who fled to Genoa with Pope Innocent IV. He was at Lyons, and was present in June and July for the Ecumenical Council of Lyons. Cardinal Orsini and the Curia did not return to Italy until May 1251—after the death of Emperor Frederick II Hohenstaufen. After spending the summer in Genoa, Milan and Brescia,
1535859
Pope Innocent VIII


then a senator in Rome under Pope Calixtus III (1455–58). Giovanni Battista's early years were spent at the Neapolitan court. While in Naples he was appointed a Canon of the Cathedral of Capua, and was given the Priory of S. Maria d'Arba in Genoa. After the death of King Alfonso, friction between Giovanni Battista and the Archbishop of Genoa decided him to resign his Canonry, and to go to Padua and then to Rome for his education. In Rome he became a priest in the retinue of cardinal Calandrini,
4899460
Diocesan Museum (Genoa)


The Diocesan museum of Genoa is located in Genova in the region of Liguria. It is found inside the old residence of the canons of the Cathedral of San Lorenzo and is accessible through the cloister of San Lorenzo. The cloister, built in the 12th century, is characterized by two levels of arches resting on double Romanesque columns with leaved capitals. In the 17th century two sides of the building were modified, with the double columns substituted with heavy pilasters in order to support the above two floors constructed for additional space. The
8936566
Christian mysticism


Magdeburg and Hadewijch (among others); the Rhenish-Flemish mystics Meister Eckhart, Johannes Tauler, Henry Suso and John of Ruysbroeck; and the English mystics Richard Rolle, Walter Hilton and Julian of Norwich. This period also saw such individuals as Catherine of Siena and Catherine of Genoa, the Devotio Moderna, and such books as the "Theologia Germanica", "The Cloud of Unknowing" and "The Imitation of Christ". The Protestant Reformation downplayed mysticism, although it still produced a fair amount of spiritual literature.
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Santi Vicenzo e Caterina de' Ricci, Prato


. About 150 years after her death, Catherine was beatified (1732) and subsequently canonized (1742). After her beatification, this church underwent major refurbishment (1732-1735) under Giovanni Battista Bettini (il Cignaroli) and Girolamo Ticciati. Saint Catherine's remains are displayed under the main altar. The reconstruction and canonization led to making the church a minor basilica. Both the interior and exterior are baroque in style. The church houses a "Nativity" (16th century) by Michele delle Colombe, a marble relief
871917
Paolo di Campofregoso


Paolo di Campofregoso (1427 – 22 March 1498) was an Italian Catholic archbishop who was three times doge of Genoa. The son of doge Battista I Campofregoso, he was convinced by Pope Nicholas V to study ecclesiastical matters at Pavia. In 1448, once finished with his studies, he was appointed canon of the cathedral of Savona, and in 1453 he became abbot of the Cistercian convent of Sant'Andrea at Savona. The same year, aged only 26, he was appointed archbishop of Genoa by request of his brother Pietro,
1473396
Antonio Maria Gianelli


Spina ordained him to the diaconate in mid-1812. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1812 (in Genoa at the church of Nostra Signora del Carmine) and had to receive special dispensation since he was not at the canonical age required for ordination. Gianelli celebrated his first Mass in Cerreta. He served as a parish priest in Mantua after he was ordained. Spina sent Gianelli in 1812 to teach at Carcare in Savona. In February 1813 he was made the vice-parish priest of the San Matteo church in Genoa and on
15866609
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa


April 1161, which specified that the archbishop of Genoa, like the archbishop of Pisa, was to be consecrated by his suffragan bishops. Another bull of 25 March 1162 repeated the order. In 1288, on the death of Archbishop Bernardus, the Chapter met and conducted several ballots to choose his successor. They were unsuccessful in coalescing around a candidate, and therefore appointed a committee of four Canons to choose the next Archbishop. The four members, Nicolinus de Camilla, Jacobus de Voragine, Thedisius Fieschi, and Ottobono Spinola,
16588519
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa


shortly after his installation as Archbishop, Cipriano Pallavicino (1567–1586) held a provincial synod in order to introduce into the Statutes of the diocese canons for reform, in accordance with the decrees of the Council of Trent. These revised Statutes, which were published in 1575 and twice reissued, in 1605 and 1727, were in use for more than two centuries. On 1 September 1588, under Cardinal Antonio Sauli (1586–1591), the Perpetual Administrator of the diocese of Genoa, a diocesan synod was held. The Cardinal ordered the
16588529
Carfin Grotto


his devotion to the Little Flower, the Canon added a statue of St. Thérèse directly across from that of Our Lady of Lourdes. The shrine's statue to St. Thérèse was erected within weeks of her beatification in Rome by Pope Pius XI on 29 April 1923, an event which the Canon attended. The decision to erect the statue was controversial. Some pilgrims expressed the view that this "new" Saint's statue should not stand in such proximity to that of the Blessed Mother. The Canon took the unusual step of collecting
6449775
Starchitect


put forward a theory about how buildings and architects achieve canonic status. He argued that a building and its architect achieve iconic or canonic status after a period when various critics and historians build up an interpretation that then becomes unquestioned for a significant period. If the text itself receives canonical status, then the status of the architect is further endorsed. For example, in the first edition of Siegfried Giedion's book "Space Time and Architecture" (1949) the Finnish architect Alvar Aalto was not mentioned at all. In the second
6506486
Irmologion


with all first odes of each canon, all second or third odes etc.) or according to the canon (canon order, KaO, divided into eight parts according to the echoi, but the odes within each echos are organised according to the canon of each irmos). As example for the ode order (OdO), one might study the earlier Irmologia of the Greek collection at the library of Saint Catherine's Monastery at the food of Mount Sinai: the manuscripts 929 and 1258 are organised, that the first,
16263115
Kateri Tekakwitha


paved the way for pending canonization. On February 18, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI decreed that Tekakwitha be canonized. Speaking in Latin, he used the form "Catharina Tekakwitha"; the official booklet of the ceremony referred to her in English and Italian, as "Kateri Tekakwitha". She was canonized on October 21, 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI. In the official canonization rite booklet, "Catherine" is used in the English and French biographies and "Kateri" in the translation of the rite itself. She is
3118885
Maginnis & Walsh


the Boston area he built St. Catherine of Genoa Church on Spring Hill in Somerville, Massachusetts, regarded as a masterpiece. St. Catherine's, begun in 1907 and completed in 1921, is still (2010) a working parish. He also built St. Aidan's in Brookline, Massachusetts where he was a parishioner along with the Kennedy family and other prominent Irish-Americans. St. Aidan's, the location of the baptism of John F. Kennedy, has since been closed and may be converted into housing in the near future.
7055512
Pope Francis


restriction to clergy working in the Roman Curia or diplomatic corps, where careerism is an even greater concern. Pope Francis presided over the first canonizations of his pontificate on 12 May 2013 in which he canonized Antonio Primaldo and his 812 companions as well as the nuns Laura of Saint Catherine of Siena and Maria Guadalupe Garcia Zavalia – in this first canonization he surpassed the record of Pope John Paul II in canonizing the most saints in a pontificate. Francis approved the equipollent canonization of Angela of Foligno the following 9 October and then the Jesuit
10824460
St. Catherine Band Club


are made by Saint Catherine Fireworks Factory which falls under the musical society. Friday 31 August- "L-ahhar Jum tat-Tridu" St Catherine Band Club makes a march through the streets of Zurrieq accompanied by a statue of St Catherine. This is considered as the largest march of the feast, followed by many enthusiasts. The statue is later put on a pedestall in the village square accompanied by the march, fireworks and the traditional Hymn. Saturday 1 August- Eve of feast Day. St Catherine Band Club starts a march
19372102
Roman Catholic Diocese of Agen


by the canons. In both the old and the new cathedral, the prior enjoyed the first place in precedence after the bishop, even ahead of the dignities and canons of Saint-Étienne. The canons of Saint-Caprais had no role in the election of a bishop. In 1526, Jean d'Esclamals, seigneur de Poujols, and his wife, Catherine de Lévis, in cooperation with the chapter of Saint-Caprais, founded a chapter of canons for whom a church was built, Notre-Dame et Saint-Pierre
12465789
Giacomo Luigi Brignole


Giacomo Luigi Brignole (8 May 1797 – 23 June 1853) was a Catholic Cardinal and Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Brignole was born on 8 May 1797 in Genoa. He was educated at local institutions in Genoa where he studied humanities and then at the La Sapienza University in Rome where he received a doctorate in utroque iuris (both civil and canon law) in 1835. After being ordained as a priest he was appointed Vice-legate in Ferrara and later Vicar of the patriarchal Lateran Basilica in Rome. He
1695292
Catherine of Vadstena


with her mother's body, which was buried at the great monastery of Vadstena. Catherine became head of the Brigittine convent at Vadstena Abbey, founded by her mother. Catherine took on the task of forming the community in the rule her mother had written and directing the Order of the Holy Savior, or Bridgettines. After some years, she returned to Rome to work for her mother's canonization. She stayed there five years and formed a close friendship with Catherine of Siena. In 1484, Pope Innocent VIII gave permission for
2495291
Catherine Adipo


Catherine Adipo (also referred to as Catherine Constance Adipo and Catherine Adipo Wejuli) is a Ugandan sportswoman, sports administrator and the first female FIFA referee in Uganda as well as East and Central Africa. Adipo is one of 16 children born to the late Reverend Canon Kezironi Wejuli and Abisiagi Wejuli. Adipo attended Busia Integrated School, Mt.St.Mary's College, Namagunga and King's College Budo. She graduated from Makerere University with a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Geography and Languages in 1987. She also holds a Post
7324796
Catherine of Genoa


Catherine, though frequently going to confession, was unable to open her mind for direction to anyone; but towards the end of her life a Father Marabotti was appointed to be her spiritual guide. He had been a director of the hospital where her husband died in 1497. To him she explained her states, past and present, and he compiled the "Memoirs". During this period, her life was devoted to her relationship with God, through "interior inspiration" alone. In 1551, 41 years after her death
22040189
Catherine de' Medici's patronage of the arts


the 1580s, Pilon began work on statues for the chapels that were to circle the tomb of Catherine de' Medici and Henry II at the basilica of Saint Denis. Among these, the fragmentary "Resurrection", now in the Louvre, was designed to face the tomb of Catherine and Henry from a side chapel. This work owes a clear debt to Michelangelo, who had designed the tomb and funerary statues for Catherine's father at the Medici chapels in Florence. Pilon openly depicted extreme emotion in his work, sometimes to
13453630
September 1941 lunar eclipse


A partial lunar eclipse took place on Friday, September 5, 1941. It was a shallow partial lunar eclipse, with less than 10% of the Moon covered in Earth's shadow. Aug 31, 1941 = Sunday Sep 1, 1941 = Monday Sep 2, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 3, 1941 = Wednesday Sep 4, 1941 = Thursday Sep 5, 1941 = Friday Sep 6, 1941 = Saturday Sep 7, 1941 = Sunday Sep 8, 1941 = Monday Sep 9, 1941 = Tuesday Sep 10, 1941
5363349
Pázmány Péter Catholic University


to the ecclesiastical authorization the institute can issue baccalaureate, licenciate and doctorate academic degree in canon law. The Hungarian State acknowledges the baccalaureate degree in canon law – based on the Bologna-System – as an MA degree, as well as the doctorate in canon law as a Ph.D. The team of professors – Anzelm Szabolcs Szuromi O.Praem., Géza Kuminetz, Péter Szabó, Catherine Hársfai, George Lefkánits, Blazio Schanda, Csaba Szilágyi, and Philippe Gudenus – organize courses in canonical fields in Hungarian and in other languages (Italian,
19003377
Roman Catholic Diocese of Acqui


was sworn to with Bishop Constantinus Marenchi on 11 October 1486, binding both those canons who were present and those who happened to be absent from the meeting. In 1495 Bishop Marenchi dedicated the new cathedral cloister and houses for the Canons and other clergy who served the Cathedral. The diocese, which covers an area of 1,683 km², is divided into 115 parishes. The majority are in the Piedmont region (provinces of Alessandria and Asti), the rest are in Liguria (provinces of Genoa and Savona). A list of
16395402
Roman Catholic Diocese of Sagone


to adopt the Virgin Mary of the Assumption as its patron saint. He permitted the Cathedral Chapter to have two dignities, the Archdeacon and the Archpriest, and five residentiary canons; there were two other canons who, because of the limited income of the Chapter, were not required to reside. In 1751 the town of Sagone was in ruins and uninhabited. The bishop lived in Vico, a small town of some 800 inhabitants, under the civil government of Genoa. The corporation of the Cathedral Chapter still existed, with two
20790623
Blandina Segale


and European immigrants. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe has opened a process to canonize Segale, for which it has received the permission of the Holy See. For this, she is honored by the Catholic Church with the title of Servant of God. She is the first individual in New Mexico's 400-year history with the Roman Catholic Church to have a cause opened for their beatification and canonization. She was born Rosa Maria Segale in 1850 in Cicagna, Genoa, then part of the Kingdom of Sardinia. She emigrated at
7644654
Dev Dham Jodhpuriya


these, bhopas of Devnarayan make figures related to his birth and his brave deeds on a Thali while dancing. Bhadra Saptami Shukla Paksha (in the Month of Aug.-Sep.) Every Year and Second Festival in the month of Magha Saptami Krishna Paksha (in the Month of Jan.-Feb.) in Every Year The temple is decorated with various statues. These include statues representing the cousins of Devnarayan, Bhuna and Mehandu, along with their half-sister, Taradey Panwar. Other statues commemorate, Sawai Bhoj, Devnarayan as a child sitting
9145737
Catherine of Bologna


Saint Catherine of Bologna [Caterina de' Vigri] (8 September 1413 – 9 March 1463) was an Italian Poor Clare nun, writer, teacher, mystic, artist, and saint. The patron saint of artists and against temptations, Catherine de' Vigri was venerated for nearly three centuries in her native Bologna before being formally canonized, in 1712. Her feast day is 9 March. Catherine came from an upper class family, the daughter of Benvenuta Mammolini of Bologna and Giovanni Vigri, a Ferrarese notary who worked for
11608876
Catherine of Aragon


until they were married. Henry defended the legality of their union by pointing out that Catherine had previously been married. If she and Arthur had consummated their marriage, Henry by canon law had the right to remarry. On 23 May 1533, Cranmer, sitting in judgement at a special court convened at Dunstable Priory to rule on the validity of Henry's marriage to Catherine, declared the marriage illegal, even though Catherine testified she and Arthur had never had physical relations. Cranmer ruled Henry and Anne's marriage valid five days later
7037828
Alfredo Cremonesi


Burma. Cremonesi received a special dispensation for his ordination since he had not reached the canonical age required for ordination. Cremonesi celebrated his first Mass on 19 October 1924 in San Michele and on 5 October 1925 received the cross of the missions from the Archbishop of Milan Eugenio Tosi. But before being sent to the missions he was put in charge of teaching the Italian language in the Seminario Minore di San Ilario in Nervi in Genoa. He left Genoa for Naples and set sail from there on 16 October 1925 but before leaving declared
22180718
Privilege (canon law)


conferring the status of a graduate is the granting of a privilege, in that the recipient has received a positive favour not generally enjoyed by most people, but it also acted as a dispensation with the requirements of the canon law. Still, however they were justified, in canon law, the conferral of degrees or degree status gave substantial and substantive rights and privileges, and were not merely empty honours. In the event of degree status being conferred, the recipient was not deemed to hold the degree in question, but would
14539622
Catherine of Genoa


enter a convent when about 13, perhaps inspired by her sister who was an Augustinian nun. However, the nuns to whom her confessor applied on her behalf refused her on account of her youth, and after this Catherine appears to have put the idea aside without any further attempt. After her father’s death in 1463, aged 16, she was married by her parents' wish to a young Genoese nobleman, Giuliano Adorno, a man who, after several experiences in the area of trade and in the military world in
22040184
Basilica di Nostra Signora Assunta, Genoa


Basilica of Our Lady of the Assumption ( is a Roman Catholic church in the town of Genoa, in the Province of Genoa and the region of Liguria, Italy. This church was constructed during 1610–1624. The Baroque-style facade was added in 1932, design of the architect Piero de Barbieri; the sculptor Luigi Venzano contributed the facade statues of St. John the Baptist and St. Joseph, while the central relief depicts the Madonna. The interior was decorated across the centuries and includes works by Giulio Benso, Domenico Piola, Nicolò
12754142
Antonio Guido Filipazzi


1987. On 10 October 1987 he was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Genoa by Cardinal Giuseppe Siri. On 1 September 1989, he was incardinated into the Diocese of Ventimiglia-San Remo. He was parochial vicar of Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta in Ventimiglia and taught canon law at the Episcopal Seminary "Pio XI" of Bordighera from 1989 to 1990. He then obtained his doctorate in canon law at the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross on 12 May 1992 and a diploma from the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy. He entered
16723218
Battle of Novi (1799)


The Battle of Novi (15 August 1799) saw a combined army of Habsburg Austrians and Imperial Russians under Field Marshal Alexander Suvorov attack a Republican French army under General Barthélemy Catherine Joubert. After a prolonged and bloody struggle, the Austro-Russians broke through the French defenses and drove their enemies into a disorderly retreat. Joubert was killed while French division commanders Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon and Emmanuel Grouchy were captured. Novi Ligure is in the province of Piedmont in Italy a distance of north of Genoa. The battle occurred during the
2196
Basilica of San Domenico, Siena


orders, in bricks, with a lofty bell tower on the left (this was reduced in height after an earthquake in 1798). The interior is on the Egyptian cross plan with a huge nave covered by trusses and with a transept featuring high chapels. The church contains several relics of St. Catherine of Siena, whose family house is nearby. This is an old praying place of Dominican nuns, connected to numerous episode of sanctity of Catherine of Siena's life. It houses the "Canonization of St. Catherine" by Mattia
12065399
André Ooijer


League with the club. On 15 July 2005, Ooijer appeared to have ended his eight-year association with PSV after he signed for Genoa, who were keen to defend their Serie A top-flight status after securing promotion in the 2004–05 season, for a fee of €1.5 million. However, following the Italian Football Federation (FIGC)'s investigation into a match-fixing allegation levelled against Genoa, and the FIGC's subsequent guilty verdict which meant that Genoa were relegated to Serie C1 as punishment, Ooijer's proposed
17665982
Semi-periphery countries


the economic failures of their European trade partners. Genoa and Venice had influence beyond their trade channels. Both were instrumental in the Crusades through their provisions of troops, transport vessels, and naval ships. Genoa also assisted the Byzantine Empire when it helped recapture the capital, Constantinople, in the late thirteenth century. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of its strategic position along various trade routes and the decline of Western Europe to rise to core status until its fall in 1453. During this time period, Genoa and Venice developed forms of
965576
Arthur, Prince of Wales


was suggested that the choice of marrying Arthur to Ferdinand and Isabella's youngest daughter, Catherine (b. 1485), would be appropriate. The Treaty of Medina del Campo (27 March 1489) provided that Arthur and Catherine would be married as soon as they reached canonical age; it also settled Catherine's dowry at 200,000 crowns (the equivalent of £5 million in 2007). Since Arthur, not yet 14, was below the age of consent, a papal dispensation (i.e., waiver) allowing the marriage was issued
10920313
Catherine of Palma


Saint Catherine of Palma (1533–1574) was a Spanish nun canonised in 1930. She is also known as Catalina Thomás, Caterina Tomàs i Gallard, and Catherine or Catalina Thomas or Tomas. She was born 1 May 1533 at Valldemossa, Mallorca, Spain, in a peasant family. She worked as a servant in a household in Palma where she learned to read and embroider, before joining the Canonnesses of St Augustine at the convent of St Mary Magdalene in Palma. She was visited by devils and angels, and went into
11445786
Catherine of St. Augustine


her life, and for which she was known throughout the colony. Mother Catherine of St. Augustine died in 1668 at hospital she had helped to run, aged 36. She was widely held by the people of New France to have been a saint. Due to her self-sacrifice for both the European settlers of the colony and for the native inhabitants, Mother Catherine came to be honoured as one of the six founders of the Catholic Church in Canada, representing the contributions of the Augustinian canonesses. The cause for her canonization
1332168
Mystical marriage of Saint Catherine


fresco by Spinello Aretino or a follower in the Cialli-Sernigi chapel of Santa Trinita in Florence certainly predates the canonization by several decades. However, unlike the "Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine of Alexandria", there were no large monumental images, such as the main panel of an altarpiece, of the "Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine of Siena" until 1528, when the Siennese painter Domenico Beccafumi painted one for the church of Santo Spirito in Siena. A mystical marriage to Christ is also an attribute of Saint Rosa of
8966195
Alfonso Coloma


Alfonso Coloma y Jasarte de Melo, (born in 1555- 20.4.1606) was a Spanish prelate and bishop, member of the House of Coloma. He is a son of don Juan IV Coloma y Cardona, 1st Count of Elda and a brother of Carlos Coloma. Like others in his family, be was knight of St. John of Jerusalem. His career started in Sevilla, where he was canon magistral. He was member of the holy Office of the inquisition , and became a royal consellor. On 27 Sep 1599 he was
20831620
Teymuraz Bagration


1940: at the time he was 28 and she was 21, but the marriage ended with Catherine's death at the age of 27 years. The second marriage was with Irina Czernysheva-Besobrasova (born 26 Sep 1926, Neuilly-sur-Seine - 9 Jul 2015, New York City), the daughter of Sergei Aleksandrovich Besobrasov and Countess Elizabeta Cheremeteva. Irina was an older sister of Xenia Czernysheva-Besobrasova (c. 1933-1968, aged 35), who married 1953 Archduke Rudolf Syringus, youngest son of Karl
15948748
Beaupre (surname)


with Marie Guyon. They had a son, also named Nicolas, in 1603. This son became the family's pioneer ancestor. As an adult, he emigrated to New France--later named Québec, Canada--where he married on 2 Sep 1640 at St-Laurent, Ile d'Orleans with a woman named Catherine Gouget, a "Fille du Roi", from Bourg de Thury, Normandie, France. The "Filles du Roi" (i.e. "King's Daughter") were women who were shipped from France to
19233984
Lesley Garrett


presented the Sunday morning BBC1 programme "Christmas Voices". In November 2010 she joined a long line of panellists on Five's "The Wright Stuff". Along with Larry Lamb, Garrett presented a short BBC series entitled "When Royals Wed" to celebrate the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton in April 2011. On 30 May 2014 she made her return to the ITV daytime show "Loose Women". It was announced on the programme that she would become a regular panellist again. On 10 Sep 2017 she
21375515
Bill Baxter (Queensland politician)


William Edward (Bill) Baxter (1907–1978) was a politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly. William Edward Baxter was born on 29 May 1907 in Chinchilla, Queensland, the son of Catherine Baxter. He attended Chinchilla State School. He married May Reardon on 29 Sep 1929; the couple had 2 daughters. He worked for Queensland Railways as a cleaner and clerk. At the 1953 state election), Baxter successfully contested the electoral district of Norman as a candidate of the Labor
7974709
List of saints canonized by Pope Pius XII


by her canonization. The saints are: He named Saint Casimir the patron saint of all youth. Saint Catherine of Siena and Saint Francis of Assisi were named Patron Saints of Italy on 5 May 1940 just before Italy entered the Second World War. Pope Pius XII opened the canonization procedures for Pope Pius IX, who was beatified by Pope John Paul II. On 29 May 1954, less than three years after his beatification, Pius X was canonized, following recognition of two more miracles. The first involved Francesco Belsami, an
1862042
The Beeps


Sapphire Stream S2/Ep45 Apr. 29 Wash Those Socks! S2/Ep46 Dec. 12 The Bumps SEASON 3: S3/Ep1 Aug. 30 Up Down Hill S3/Ep2 Aug. 31 Caravan S3/Ep3 Sep. 6 Secret Garden S3/Ep4 Sep. 7 Bounceflower Tea S3/Ep5 Sep. 13 The Whale S3/Ep6 Sep. 14 Soggy Sockroaches S3/Ep7 Sep. 20 Stinkroots S3/Ep8 Sep. 21 Sing-a-long-a-beeps S3/Ep9 Sep. 27 History Book S3/Ep10 Sep. 28 What Goes Splat? S3
14688027
Signal Transfer Point


. SEPs send signaling messages to other SEPs, but the messages are normally routed via the SEP's adjacent STPs. An STP's main function is to identify the best path for two SEPs to communicate. A typical application would be for two SEPs to agree on the use of a shared data path (e.g., using ISUP to initiate a voice call between a user on one SEP and a user on the second SEP). In this way, STPs route signaling messages (for starting, maintaining or finishing any kind of
21819468
Catherine of Valois


actually were married. No documentation of such a marriage exists. Moreover, even if they had been married, the question arises whether the marriage would have been lawful, given the Act of 1428. At the same time, there is no contemporaneous evidence that the validity of the marriage and the legitimacy of her children were questioned in secular or canon law. From the relationship of Owen Tudor and Queen Catherine descended the Tudor dynasty of England, starting with King Henry VII. Tudor historians asserted that Owen and Catherine had been married
3133221
Catherine of Siena


my body, so that it can't get out." The incorrupt head and thumb were entombed in the Basilica of San Domenico at Siena, where they remain. Pope Pius II, himself from Siena, canonized Catherine on 29 June 1461. On 4 October 1970, Pope Paul VI named Catherine a Doctor of the Church; this title was almost simultaneously given to Saint Teresa of Ávila (27 September 1970), making them the first women to receive this honour. Initially however, her feast day was not included in
7681606
Signal Transfer Point


calls originated by the SEPs' attached users) while avoiding disabled intermediary STPs. A signaling message typically never goes directly from a given SEP to the destination SEP: the message would normally have to pass through the initiating SEP's adjacent STP so that it can be routed to the destination SEP. In some applications, however, SEPs might be directly connected with signaling links; this would typically be done to enhance robustness or performance between two critical SEPs. Such mesh network configurations are also common in Europe, where STPs have not
21819469