Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky [SEP] based on
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Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky


Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky is a 2009 French film directed by Jan Kounen. It was chosen as the Closing Film of the 2009 Cannes Film Festival, and was shown on 24 May 2009. "Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky" is based on the 2002 fictional novel "Coco and Igor" by Chris Greenhalgh and traces a rumoured affair between Coco Chanel and Igor Stravinsky in Paris in 1920, the year that Chanel No. 5 was created. Greenhalgh also wrote the screenplay for the film. Chanel and its current chief designer
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Coco and Igor


Coco and Igor is a 2002 novel by Chris Greenhalgh. Set mainly in Paris in 1920, it is based on a possible real-life affair between Coco Chanel and Igor Stravinsky. Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring" has its Paris premiere on 29 May 1913. Coco is mesmerised by the power of Igor's composition, but the audience is scandalised by its discordant, rhythmic music and Nijinsky's primitive choreography. Coco finally meets Igor seven years later, at a dinner hosted by Sergei Diaghilev, impresario of the Ballets
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Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky


Karl Lagerfeld lent their support to the production; they granted access to the company's archives and to Coco Chanel's apartment at 31, rue Cambon, Paris. An introductory scene takes place in Paris in 1913, where Coco Chanel attends the first, scandalous performance of Igor Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring". The rhythmic and harmonic dissonance of the score and the surprising choreography of the piece result in heckling and outrage among much of the audience. But Chanel is impressed by Stravinsky and his music. Seven years later
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Chris Greenhalgh


Bergman", is set in Paris and Hollywood, after the end of the Second World War and tells the story of Ingrid Bergman and war photographer Robert Capa's intense and ultimately tragic relationship. Greenhalgh has written a screenplay adapting his novel "Coco and Igor". The film "Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky", directed by Jan Kounen and starring Anna Mouglalis and Mads Mikkelsen held the prestigious closing slot at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival selected "Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky" to be shown in its prestigious closing slot,
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Igor Stravinsky


novel "Coco and Igor" (2002) and a film, "Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky" (2009). Despite these alleged liaisons, Stravinsky was considered a family man and devoted to his children. Stravinsky was a devout member of the Russian Orthodox Church during most of his life, remarking at one time that, "Music praises God. Music is well or better able to praise him than the building of the church and all its decoration; it is the Church's greatest ornament". Although Stravinsky was
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Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky


Tensions between Stravinsky and his wife, and between Stravinsky's wife and Chanel, are unavoidable. The film implies that the affair, and the later termination of the affair by Chanel, has a major influence on the lives of both Chanel and Stravinsky. It is during this time that Chanel creates Chanel No. 5 with her perfumer, Ernest Beaux, and that Stravinsky begins to compose in a new, more liberated style. During his time at the villa, he works hard on a revision of The Rite of Spring.
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Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky


, Chanel and Stravinsky meet again. Although her business has flourished, Chanel is mourning the death of her lover, Arthur "Boy" Capel. Stravinsky has chosen to flee to France following the Russian Revolution. An immediate sympathy and attraction occurs between the "couturière" and the composer. Chanel invites Stravinsky to live in her villa outside Paris, along with his ailing wife and their children. The summer months that follow see Chanel and Stravinsky begin an affair, one which Stravinsky's wife cannot avoid becoming aware of.
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Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky


film are largely fictionalized. Stravinsky was reputed to have been a philanderer who had several affairs, including one with Chanel. Whereas Stravinsky never publicly referred to this alleged affair, Chanel spoke about it at length to her biographer Paul Morand in 1946 (the conversation was published thirty years later as "l'Allure de Chanel"). The accuracy of Chanel's claims has been disputed both by Stravinsky's second wife, Vera, and by his close musical collaborator, Robert Craft. The Chanel fashion house avers there is no evidence that
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Igor Stravinsky


was rumoured to have had affairs with high-profile partners, such as Coco Chanel. He never referred to it himself, but Chanel spoke about the alleged affair at length to her biographer Paul Morand in 1946; the conversation was published thirty years later. The accuracy of Chanel's claims has been disputed by both Stravinsky's widow, Vera, and by Craft. Chanel's fashion house avers there is no evidence that any affair between Chanel and Stravinsky ever occurred. A fictionalization of the supposed affair formed the basis of the
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Chris Greenhalgh


, where he was Academic Deputy Head. More recently he was Principal of Southbank International School, London and is currently Principal of The British School of Milan (Sir James Henderson). "Coco and Igor" was first published in the UK in 2002 by Headline Review and has since been translated into a dozen languages, including French, Russian, Polish, Greek, and Chinese. The novel is based on the secret affair between Coco Chanel and Igor Stravinsky in Paris in 1920. Greenhalgh’s second novel, "Seducing Ingrid
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Coco Chanel


In 1921, she opened an early incarnation of a fashion boutique, featuring clothing, hats, and accessories, later expanded to offer jewellery and fragrances. By 1927, Chanel owned five properties on the rue Cambon, buildings numbered 23 to 31. In the spring of 1920 (approximately May), Chanel was introduced to the Russian composer Igor Stravinsky by Sergei Diaghilev, impresario of the Ballets Russes. During the summer, Chanel discovered that the Stravinsky family sought a place to live, having left the Soviet Union after the war
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Igor Stravinsky


Paris. On hearing of their dilemma, couturière Coco Chanel invited Stravinsky and his family to reside at her new mansion "Bel Respiro" in the Paris suburb of Garches until they could find a more suitable residence; they arrived during the second week of September. At the same time, Chanel also guaranteed the new (December 1920) Ballets Russes production of Stravinsky's "The Rite" "of Spring" with an anonymous gift to Diaghilev, said to have been 300,000 francs. Stravinsky formed a business and musical relationship with
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Coco and Igor


The Rite of Spring" against financial loss with an anonymous gift to Diaghilev, said to be 300,000 francs. The personal relationships depicted in the novel are largely fictionalised. Stravinsky was reputed to have been a philanderer who had several affairs, including one with Chanel. Whereas Stravinsky never publicly referred to this alleged affair, Chanel spoke about it at length to her biographer Paul Morand in 1946 (the conversation was published thirty years later as "l'Allure de Chanel"). The accuracy of Chanel's claims has been disputed both by
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Coco and Igor


Théâtre des Champs-Élysées on 29 May 1913 is legendary (see: The Rite of Spring#Premiere). In the spring of 1920, Chanel was introduced to Stravinsky by Sergei Diaghilev, impresario of the Ballets Russes. During the summer, Chanel discovered that the Stravinsky family was seeking a place to live. She invited them to "Bel Respiro" until they could find a more suitable residence (they arrived in the second week of September and stayed until May 1921). Chanel also guaranteed the 1920 Ballets Russes production of "
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Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky


the summer, Chanel discovered that the Stravinsky family was seeking a place to live. She invited them to her new home, "Bel Respiro," in the Paris suburb of Garches until they could find a more suitable residence. They arrived at "Bel Respiro" during the second week of September and remained until May 1921. Chanel also guaranteed the 1920 Ballets Russes production of "The Rite of Spring" against financial loss with an anonymous gift to Diaghilev, said to be 300,000 francs. The personal relationships depicted in the
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Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky


that recreates the Paris premiere of Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring". Modestas Mankus from Our Culture Mag gave the film 3/5 stars saying "stumbled through its unclear presentation but gave us a look into the world of two greats." The riotous premiere of "The Rite of Spring" at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées on 29 May 1913 is legendary (see: The Rite of Spring#Premiere). In the spring of 1920, Chanel was introduced to Stravinsky by Sergei Diaghilev, impresario of the Ballets Russes. During
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Mads Mikkelsen


, Mikkelsen also provided the voice for the character Le Chiffre in the "Quantum of Solace" video game, and he represented Le Chiffre when he was invited to the launch of Swiss watchmaker Swatch's "007 Villain Collection" in Bregenz, Austria. The following year, gaining a reputation as one of Europe's most sensuous male actors, Mikkelsen played a hot-blooded Stravinsky opposite Anna Mouglalis in Jan Kounen's critically acclaimed "Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky" based on the romance between the composer and the fashion designer.
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Coco and Igor


takes hold of 'Bel Respiro' and its occupants. The piano keyboard operates as a framework for the novel. There are eighty-eight chapters, corresponding to the number of keys on a piano. Greenhalgh adapted his novel for the 2009 film "Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky", directed by Jan Kounen and starring Anna Mouglalis and Mads Mikkelsen. The film was selected to occupy the prestigious closing slot at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival on 24 May 2009. The riotous premiere of "The Rite of Spring" at the
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Sergei Diaghilev


. Coco Chanel is said to have stated that "Diaghilev invented Russia for foreigners." [Rhonda K. Garelick]. Perhaps Diaghilev's most notable composer-collaborator, however, was Igor Stravinsky. Diaghilev heard Stravinsky's early orchestral works "Fireworks" and "Scherzo fantastique", and was impressed enough to ask Stravinsky to arrange some pieces by Chopin for the Ballets Russes. In 1910, he commissioned his first score from Stravinsky, "The Firebird". "Petrushka" (1911) and "The Rite of Spring
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Mads Mikkelsen


"King Arthur" (2004), but achieved worldwide recognition for playing the main antagonist Le Chiffre in the twenty-first "James Bond" film, "Casino Royale" (2006). He has since become known for his roles as Igor Stravinsky in Jan Kounen's French film "Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky" (2008) and his Cannes Film Festival Best Actor Award-winning role as Lucas in the 2012 Danish film "The Hunt". In 2012, he was voted the Danish American Society's Person
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Apollo (ballet)


Apollo (originally Apollon musagète and variously known as "Apollo musagetes", "Apolo Musageta", and "Apollo, Leader of the Muses") is a neoclassical ballet in two "tableaux" composed between 1927 and 1928 by Igor Stravinsky. It was choreographed in 1928 by twenty-four-year-old George Balanchine, with the composer contributing the libretto. The scenery and costumes were designed by André Bauchant, with new costumes by Coco Chanel in 1929. The scenery was executed by Alexander Shervashidze, with costumes under
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Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky


One of the last scenes of the movie shows the revival of the ballet, with new choreography, and this time, shows that it was an artistic triumph and recognized as a masterpiece. Reviews were mixed. Stephen Holden of "The New York Times" said the film was "cool, elegant and sexy…. But the film … never regains that initial blast of energy and the final scenes wobble toward a wishy-washy ending." Writing for DVD Talk, Casey Burchby praises the "extraordinarily bold" opening sequence
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Ballets Russes


dancers, all at the forefront of their several fields. Diaghilev commissioned works from composers such as Igor Stravinsky, Claude Debussy, and Sergei Prokofiev, artists such as Vasily Kandinsky, Alexandre Benois, Pablo Picasso, and Henri Matisse, and costume designers Léon Bakst and Coco Chanel. The company's productions created a huge sensation, completely reinvigorating the art of performing dance, bringing many visual artists to public attention, and significantly affecting the course of musical composition. It also introduced European and American audiences to tales, music, and
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2009 Cannes Film Festival


a film in 3-D opened the festival. The festival closed with "Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky" directed by Jan Kounen. American director Clint Eastwood became the second recipient of the Honorary Palme d'Or, an award given to directors who had established a significant body of work without ever winning a competitive Palme d'Or. The following people were appointed as the Jury for the feature films of the 2009 Official Selection: The following feature films competed for the Palme d'Or: The following films were selected for the competition of Un Certain Regard:
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Marek Tomaszewski


Marek Tomaszewski (born 20 November 1943 in Kraków) is a Polish pianist. He was one half of the pianist duo Marek and Wacek with Wacław Kisielewski from 1963 until his death on 12 July 1986. He is the father of French music video director David Tomaszewski. Tomaszewski appeared on the 2009 film "Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky" as the principal pianist alongside his son David, who was the principal violinist, and accompanied French rapper Orelsan on his video ""Les vœux de RaelSan pour 2012"" ("RaelSan
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Alliance Française French Film Festival


special guests : Catherine Deneuve in 2008, Gérard Jugnot in 2009, Jean-Pierre Jeunet for his movie Micmacs, Jan Kounen for Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky and Philippe Lioret for Welcome in 2010. in 2011, Clotilde Hesme came, starring in Angèle & Tony. For 2012, Rémi Bezançon came for presenting his movie "A Happy Event". In 2017, Inna Modja, Rebecca Zlotowski & Emmanuelle Bercot were guests and presented their films. Director: Christian Vincent Cast: Catherine Frot, Arthur Dupont, Jean d'Ormesson,
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Eugenia Errázuriz


Eugenia Huici Arguedas de Errázuriz (15 September 1860 – 1951) was a Chilean patron of modernism and a style leader of Paris from 1880 into the 20th century, who paved the way for the modernist minimalist aesthetic that would be taken up in fashion by Coco Chanel. Her circle of friends and protégés included Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinsky, Jean Cocteau, and the poet Blaise Cendrars. She was of Basque descent. Eugenia Huici was born in Chile of Bolivian parents, one of thirteen children born to Ildefonso Huici y Peón,
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Coco and Igor


Russes. Igor has been forced to flee Russia – with his wife and four children – following the Russian Revolution. Coco invites him to bring his family to stay with her at her villa in Garches – 'Bel Respiro'. "Couturière" and composer soon begin an affair. Both experience a surge of creativity; while Coco creates Chanel No. 5 (with perfumer Ernest Beaux), Igor's compositions display a new, liberated style. But Igor's wife, Katerina, becomes ill with consumption and an unbearable tension
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Mads Mikkelsen


"Empire" magazine described it as a "visually stunning film [which] focuses on Chanel and Stravinsky's illicit relationship in 1920s France." Philip French of "The Observer" described the film as a "beautiful, intelligent, shallow film, like a pane of plate glass that at first glance looks like a deep lake", and remarked that Mikkelsen's Stravinsky matched Mouglalis's Coco Chanel as a "fellow modernist and equally cool egotist." Mikkelsen then returned to violent action, collaborating once again with Refn,
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La Pausa


century English oak furniture, given to her by the Duke of Westminster; English oak was also used for floors and panelling. The large reception rooms were lit by wrought-iron chandeliers from Spain. The poet Pierre Reverdy stayed at La Pausa for long periods during the 1930s, and the poet Paul Iribe, Chanel's lover, collapsed and died while playing tennis with Chanel at La Pausa in 1935. Guests of Chanel's at La Pausa included Igor Stravinsky, Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dalí and Luchino Visconti. La Pausa was
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Coco Chanel


. She invited them to her new home, "Bel Respiro", in the Paris suburb of "Garches", until they could find a suitable residence. They arrived at "Bel Respiro" during the second week of September and remained until May 1921. Chanel also guaranteed the new (1920) Ballets Russes production of Stravinsky's "Le Sacre du Printemps" ('The Rite of Spring') against financial loss with an anonymous gift to Diaghilev, said to be 300,000 francs. In addition to turning out her
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Apollo (ballet)


he heard Stravinsky's music all he could see was pristine white. The clarity, calm, even serenity of the music makes it seem infinitely remote from the colorful excitement of Stravinsky's earlier ballets. The avoidance of any conflict in the scenario, of any narrative, psychological or expressive intent, was further matched by monochrome costumes for the dancers and the absence of elaborate scenery on stage. Scenery and costumes for Balanchine's production were by French artist André Bauchant. Coco Chanel provided new costumes in 1929. Apollo wore a reworked
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Audrey Tautou


2007, an adaptation of the eponymous novel by Anna Gavalda. Tautou played the lead role in the biopic of fashion designer Coco Chanel, titled "Coco avant Chanel", and directed by Anne Fontaine. Filming began in Paris in September 2008, and released in France on 22 April 2009. The script is partially based on Edmonde Charles-Roux's book "L'Irrégulière" ("The Non-Conformist"). Instead of releasing "Coco Before Chanel" in the United States itself, Warner Bros. let Sony Pictures Classics
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Chanel No. 22


Chanel No. 22 is one of several well-known fragrances from Parisian couturier, Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel. Coco Chanel had worked with Ernest Beaux on her original perfume, Chanel No. 5, which debuted in 1921. The following year, they released Chanel No. 22. There are also reports that the official debut was made in 1928 to coincide with the introduction of Mademoiselle Chanel's "White Look" fashion line. In 1924, Pierre Wertheimer became a partner to Coco Chanel in her perfume business. He
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Coco Chanel


aesthetic. “Sleeping with the Enemy, Coco Chanel and the Secret War” written by Hal Vaughan further solidifies the consistencies of the French intelligence documents released by describing Coco as a “vicious anti-Semite” who praised Hitler. World War II, specifically the Nazi seizure of all Jewish-owned property and business enterprises, provided Chanel with the opportunity to gain the full monetary fortune generated by "Parfums Chanel" and its most profitable product, Chanel No. 5. The directors of "Parfums Chanel", the Wertheimers
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Alexandre Desplat


Giacchino for "Up". Desplat has composed music for "Largo Winch", based on the Belgian comic; "Afterwards" a French-Canadian psychological thriller film directed by Gilles Bourdos in English; Anne Fontaine's "Coco avant Chanel," based on the life of designer Coco Chanel; Robert Guédiguian's "L'Armée du Crime"; "Cheri", reuniting him with director Stephen Frears, whom he collaborated with on "The Queen"; "Un Prophète" reuniting with director Jacques Audiard; "Julie &
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Coco Chanel (film)


Coco Chanel is a 2008 biographical drama television film directed by Christian Duguay and written by Ron Hutchinson, Enrico Medioli and Lea Tafuri. It stars Shirley MacLaine as (the older) Coco Chanel, the pioneering French fashion designer. MacLaine was nominated for a Golden Globe Award, an Emmy and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her work in the film. Although an Italian-French-British production backed by Rai Uno and France 2, "Coco Chanel" was primarily intended for the US market, and was first broadcast in
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Coco Before Chanel


Coco Before Chanel () is a 2009 biographical drama film directed and co-written by Anne Fontaine. The film stars Audrey Tautou and details the early life of French fashion designer Coco Chanel. The film was first released on 22 April 2009 in France. As of 21 December that year, it had grossed $43,832,376 worldwide. The production budget was $23 million. Instead of releasing "Coco Before Chanel" in the United States itself, Warner Bros. Pictures let Sony Pictures Classics handle the release there. The film grossed
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Coco Mademoiselle


Coco Mademoiselle is a women's perfume in the Chanel collection that was introduced in 2001 for younger consumers. The fragrance was created by Jacques Polge, the nose of Chanel from 1978 to 2015. In 2007, Chanel launched a new advertising film starring its current spokesmodel Keira Knightley as Coco Chanel. The film was directed by the upcoming English BAFTA-winning director Joe Wright, who has also worked with Knightley in his award-winning films "Pride & Prejudice" (2005) and "Atonement" (2007). The
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History of music in Paris


a dancer, fled a Soviet dance company on tour in the Weimar Republic and came to Paris, where Diaghilev hired him as a choreographer. The most famous production was the 1924 ballet "Le Train Bleu" with a story by Cocteau, music by Darius Milhaud, costumes by Coco Chanel and a curtain painted by Picasso. The dancer Ida Rubinstein left the Ballets Russes in 1911 and started her own troupe, commissioning famous poets, including André Gide and Paul Valéry, and composers, including Stravinsky and Honneger, to write ballets
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Ballets Russes


Russes as a choreographer. Diaghilev invited the collaboration of contemporary fine artists in the design of sets and costumes. These included Alexandre Benois, Léon Bakst, Nicholas Roerich, Georges Braque, Natalia Goncharova, Mikhail Larionov, Pablo Picasso, Coco Chanel, Henri Matisse, André Derain, Joan Miró, Giorgio de Chirico, Salvador Dalí, Ivan Bilibin, Pavel Tchelitchev, Maurice Utrillo, and Georges Rouault. Their designs contributed to the groundbreaking excitement of the company's productions. The scandal caused by the premiere performance in Paris of Stravinsky
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Hal Vaughan


", was published by Brassey's Inc. Vaughan followed up with "FDR's 12 Apostles: The Spies Who Paved the Way for the Invasion of North Africa", which was published in 2006 by The Lyons Press. In August 2011, Vaughan published "Sleeping with the Enemy: Coco Chanel's Secret War", brought out by Alfred A. Knopf. Based on newly declassified French and German intelligence materials of the war years, the book revealed never-before-told details of how Coco Chanel served the Abwehr as Agent
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Le Grand Café, Moulins


The Grand Café was frequented by Coco Chanel - who may have sang there, since at this time Le Grand Café was also a Café-chantant - and Georges Simenon during their youths. In his novel "Maigret Goes Home", a chapter is set in Le Grand Café but the 1959 movie "" based on the book and directed by Jean Delannoy with Jean Gabin playing Maigret was not shot in the actual café but in interiors constructed in a Paris film studio. The 2008 television movie "Coco Chanel" had scenes
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Jean-Paul Goude


advertisement was a TV spot for Lee Cooper Jeans in 1982, in which he filmed a 10-minute mini opera set to Igor Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring". He has also created advertisements for clients such as Azzedine Alaia, Perrier, and Cacharel. In 1984, Goude shot a spot for Kodak that followed the adventures of the Kodakettes, mischievous kids clad in red-and-white stripes. In 1992, he filmed an ad for Chanel Fragrance in which he put model Vanessa Paradis in a birdcage, because he
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Coco Chanel


"the rich life"—diamonds, dresses, and pearls. Biographer Justine Picardie, in her 2010 study "Coco Chanel: The Legend and the Life", suggests that the fashion designer's nephew, André Palasse, supposedly the only child of her sister Julia-Berthe who had committed suicide, was Chanel's child by Balsan. In 1908, Chanel began an affair with one of Balsan's friends, Captain Arthur Edward 'Boy' Capel. In later years, Chanel reminisced of this time in her life: "two gentlemen
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Coco Chanel


in early 1943, in which the baron had suggested including Lombardi as a courier. Dincklage purportedly said, "The "Abwehr" had first to bring to France a young Italian woman [Lombardi] Coco Chanel was attached to because of her lesbian vices..." Unaware of the machinations of Schellenberg and Chanel, Lombardi was led to believe that the forthcoming journey to Spain would be a business trip exploring the potential for establishing Chanel couture in Madrid. Lombardi acted as intermediary, delivering a letter written by Chanel to Winston Churchill,
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The Allure of Chanel


The Allure of Chanel () are the memoirs of the French fashion designer Coco Chanel, told to her friend Paul Morand. The book was written in the winter of 1946 and is based on a series of conversations held at a hotel in St. Moritz, Switzerland, where Chanel had invited Morand to write her memoirs. The conversations took place during the evenings and each night Morand stayed up to write notes. The notes were published in French in 1976 and in English in 2008, translated by Euan Cameron. A second English
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Coco Chanel


French intelligence agencies confirming Coco Chanel's role with Germany in World War II. Working as a spy, Chanel was directly involved in a plan for the Third Reich to take control of Madrid. Such documents identify Chanel as an agent in the German military intelligence, the Abwehr. Chanel visited Madrid in 1943 to convince the British ambassador to Spain, friend to Winston Churchill, about a possible German surrender once the war was leaning towards an Allied victory. One of the most prominent missions she was involved in was Operation Modellhut,
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Coco Chanel


among his friends and colleagues. Dincklage was also a collaborator for the German "Sicherheitsdienst" (Security Service); his superiors being Walter Schellenberg and Alexander Waag in Berlin. Chanel and Dincklage were to report to Walter Schellenberg at the Reich Main Security Office ("Reichssicherheitshauptamt") with a ludicrous plan that Chanel had proposed to Dincklage: she, Coco Chanel, wants to meet British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and persuade him to negotiate with the Germans. In late-1943 or early-1944, Chanel and her SS superior, Schellenberg, who
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Théâtre des Champs-Élysées


The theater houses a restaurant on its roof, called Maison Blanche . Yasmina Reza's 'Art' premiered on the Comédie stage in 1994, winning two Molière awards. Prices can be expensive for the main stage, and vary widely even for a particular event, from €5 for restricted visibility to €150 for the best seats (April 2006). The theater, both outside and inside, was featured in the 1973 French espionage movie "". It appeared in Jan Kounen's 2009 film "Coco Chanel & Igor
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Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge


, and Viscount Northallerton all in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. His elder son took the title Earl of Eltham as a courtesy title. His younger children became Lord/Lady (Christian Name) Cambridge. Vera Bate Lombardi, Coco Chanel's muse and PR representative, was rumoured to be Adolphus' illegitimate daughter. Hal Vaughan, in his 2012 biography of Coco Chanel ('Sleeping with the Enemy: Coco Chanel's Secret War', p. 42), describes Vera Bate Lombardi as a 'cousin and childhood friend
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Paul Poiret


1916 Salon d'Antin included readings of poetry by Max Jacob and Guillaume Apollinaire, and performances of work by Erik Satie, Darius Milhaud, Igor Stravinsky and Georges Auric. Early in World War I, Poiret left his fashion house to serve the military. When he returned in 1919, the business was on the brink of bankruptcy. New designers like Chanel were producing simple, sleek clothes that relied on excellent workmanship. In comparison, Poiret's elaborate designs seemed dowdy and poorly manufactured. (Though Poiret's designs were groundbreaking, his
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Coco Before Chanel


$6 million in the United States. "Coco Before Chanel" was nominated for four BAFTA Awards, three European Film Awards, six César Awards and the Academy Award for Best Costume Design. Several years after leaving the orphanage in Aubazine where her father abandoned her, a young Gabrielle Chanel finds herself working in a provincial bar. She works as a seamstress for the performers by day and a cabaret singer by night, earning the nickname "Coco" from the song she sings with her sister Adrienne. A liaison with the
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Coco Chanel


, and "Qui qu'a vu Coco", or it was an allusion to the French word for kept woman, "cocotte". As an entertainer, Chanel radiated a juvenile allure that tantalized the military habitués of the cabaret. In 1906, Chanel worked in the spa resort town of Vichy. Vichy boasted a profusion of concert halls, theatres, and cafés where she hoped to achieve success as a performer. Chanel's youth and physical charms impressed those for whom she auditioned, but her singing voice was marginal and she
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Paul Iribe


Maybelle (born 1928). They separated in 1928, as a result of Iribe’s involvement with Coco Chanel. By 1933, friends of Chanel and Iribe were convinced that the two were engaged to be married and that a wedding was imminent. Iribe was with Coco Chanel, at her villa, La Pausa, on the French Riviera, in September 21, 1935, when he suddenly collapsed and died while playing tennis. Chanel witnessed his death, and felt his loss deeply, grieving over him for a protracted period of
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Bois des Îles


Bois des Îles () is a fragrance produced by Parisian couturier Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel. The name is French for "Island Wood" or, more literally, "Wood of the Islands". Coco Chanel had worked with Ernest Beaux on her original perfume, Chanel No. 5, which debuted in 1921. In 1926, they released Bois des Îles. According to the Chanel website, the fragrance of Bois des Iles was "the first woody fragrance for women". The fragrance has notes of sandalwood, vetiver
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Spring 2009 Chanel couture collection


. After the excesses of the bubble years preceding the economic crisis, and Chanel's own over-the-top Russian-inspired show in December 2008, Lagerfeld concluded that “housecleaning was needed”. Lagerfeld commented elsewhere that the show's basic silhouette was inspired by pop-up books. The show continued in the tradition of Coco Chanel's use of white. Coco Chanel often wore white, and in 1933 presented an all-white collection. The collection consisted of all-white clothing. The clothing was typically cut
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Coco Chanel


Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel (19 August 1883 – 10 January 1971) was a French fashion designer, businesswoman, and Nazi collaborator. The founder and namesake of the Chanel brand, she was credited in the post-World War I era with liberating women from the constraints of the "corseted silhouette" and popularizing a sporty, casual chic as the feminine standard of style. A prolific fashion creator, Chanel extended her influence beyond couture clothing, realizing her design aesthetic in jewellery, handbags, and fragrance. Her signature
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Cuir de Russie


Cuir de Russie () is a fragrance from Parisian couturier Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel. (The term may also refer to other Russia leather perfumes, most notably "Creed Cuir de Russie", originally formulated in 1854.) Coco Chanel had worked with Ernest Beaux on her original perfume, Chanel No. 5, which debuted in 1921. In 1927, they released Cuir de Russie, which means "Russia leather" in French. In the 1920s, one of Chanel's lovers was Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia
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Coco Chanel


. Anti-Nazi activist Serge Klarsfeld declared, "It is not because Chanel had a spy number that she was necessarily personally implicated. Some informers had numbers without being aware of it." (""Ce n'est pas parce que Coco Chanel avait un numéro d'espion qu'elle était nécessairement impliquée personnellement. Certains indicateurs avaient des numéros sans le savoir""). Vaughan establishes that Chanel committed herself to the German cause as early as 1941 and worked for General Walter Schellenberg, chief of the German intelligence agency "Sicherheitsdienst" (
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Coco Chanel


1952. Suspicions of Coco Chanel's involvement first began when German tanks entered Paris and began the Nazi occupation. Chanel immediately sought refuge in the deluxe Hotel Ritz, which was also used as the headquarters of the German military. It was at the Hotel Ritz where she fell in love with Baron Hans Gunther von Dincklage working in the German embassy close to the Gestapo. When the Nazi occupation of France began, Chanel decided to close her store, claiming a patriotic motivation behind such decision. However, when she moved into the
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Soulima Stravinsky


Sviatoslav Soulima Stravinsky (Russian: Святослав Игоревич Сулима-Стравинский; Polish: "Światosław Sulima Igorewicz Strawiński") (23 September 191028 November 1994) was a Swiss-American pianist, composer and musicologist of Russian, Polish and Ukrainian descent. As a pianist, he was considered an important interpreter of the works of his father, Igor Stravinsky, but as a composer he was overshadowed by his father. Soulima Stravinsky was born in Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1910, the second son and third child of Igor Stravinsky and Katherine
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Babel (Stravinsky)


Babel is a neoclassical religious cantata composed by Igor Stravinsky in 1944. "Babel" was written on commission from Nathaniel Shilkret, a music publisher, who asked Stravinsky to contribute to a collaborative work titled "Genesis Suite", based on the early chapters of the Book of Genesis. Although Shilkret's intention was to create a descriptive suite, using representational music on aesthetic as well as religious grounds, Stravinsky relied on abstract musical form to present the biblical text in a more objective manner, believing that he should not make any
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Coco Chanel


United States, in London, in Berlin and in Rome and I come across not one, but 20, 30, 40 absolutely solid archival materials on Chanel and her lover, Hans Günther von Dincklage, who was a professional Abwehr spy." Vaughan also addressed the discomfort many felt with the revelations provided in his book: "A lot of people in this world don't want the iconic figure of Gabrielle Coco Chanel, one of France's great cultural idols, destroyed. This is definitely something that a lot of people
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Coco Chanel


Freiherr") . After the war, Chanel was interrogated about her relationship with von Dincklage, but she was not charged as a collaborator due to intervention by Churchhill. After several post-war years in Switzerland, she returned to Paris and revived her fashion house. In 2011, Hal Vaughan published a book about Chanel based on newly declassified documents, revealing that she had collaborated with German intelligence activities. One plan in late-1943 was for her to carry an SS peace overture to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to end the war
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Movements for Piano and Orchestra


Movements for Piano and Orchestra is a composition by Igor Stravinsky, written during his serial period, consisting of five short movements altogether lasting around nine minutes. The piece is notable in that it shows Stravinsky's complete dedication to the serial idiom which was notably more tentative in previous serial based compositions and shows the distinct influence of Anton Webern on Stravinsky's own serial language. Stravinsky composed the "Movements" on commission by a Swiss industrialist for his pianist wife Margrit Weber, for the sum of $15,000. Mrs. Weber premiered the
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Shirley MacLaine


(also 2005), with Cameron Diaz and Toni Collette; and "Closing the Ring" (2007), directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Christopher Plummer. MacLaine has also appeared in numerous television projects, including an autobiographical miniseries based upon the book "Out on a Limb"; "The Salem Witch Trials"; "These Old Broads" written by Carrie Fisher and co-starring Elizabeth Taylor, Debbie Reynolds, and Joan Collins; and "Coco", a Lifetime production based on the life of Coco Chanel
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Coco Chanel


Both women were convent schooled, and maintained a friendship of shared interests and confidences. They also shared drug use. By 1935, Chanel had become a habitual drug user, injecting herself with morphine on a daily basis, a habit she maintained to the end of her life. According to Chandler Burr's "The Emperor of Scent", Luca Turin related an apocryphal story in circulation that Chanel was "called Coco because she threw the most fabulous cocaine parties in Paris". The writer Colette, who moved in the same
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Keira Knightley


products in Japanese television commercials. In April 2006, she was confirmed as the new celebrity face of Chanel's perfume Coco Mademoiselle, though the first photo from the campaign was not released until May 2007. Knightley has appeared in television commercials for Chanel directed by Joe Wright since 2007, and has endorsed Chanel Fine Jewelry's collection Coco Crush. Knightley is the face of an Amnesty International campaign to support human rights, marking the 60th anniversary of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 2004, she travelled to Ethiopia
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Coco Chanel


, frugal life, demanding strict discipline. Placement in the orphanage may have been the best thing for Coco's future because it is where she learned to sew. At age eighteen, Chanel, too old to remain at Aubazine, went to live in a boarding house for Catholic girls in the town of Moulins. Later in life, Chanel would retell the story of her childhood somewhat differently; she would often include more glamorous accounts, which were generally untrue. She said that when her mother died, her father sailed for
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Igor Stravinsky


"In Memoriam Dylan Thomas" (1954). "Agon" (1954–57) was the first of his works to include a twelve-tone series and (1955) was the first piece to contain a movement entirely based on a tone row. Stravinsky expanded his use of dodecaphony in works such as "Threni" (1958) and "A Sermon, a Narrative and a Prayer" (1961), which are based on biblical texts, and "The Flood" (1962), which mixes brief biblical texts
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Coco (musical)


Coco was a 1969 Broadway musical with a book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by André Previn, inspired by the life of Coco Chanel. It starred Katharine Hepburn in her only stage musical. Theatre producer Frederick Brisson originally had optioned Chanel's life for his wife Rosalind Russell, but Russell had developed acute arthritis, making it difficult for her to function. That meant another leading lady with star quality needed to be found. Irene Selznick suggested Katharine Hepburn, who initially scoffed at the idea of appearing in a musical
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Robert Paterson (impresario)


lighting man at the Pigalle, before answering ad in The Stage to become assistant to impresario Harold Fielding. By 1963, Paterson is employed by Victor Hochhauser, touring the Red Army Choir and Bolshoi Ballet around the UK before a brief spell with United Music Publishers. 1965-1969: Paterson's first concert as an independent promoter "Stravinsky conducts Stravinsky" with composer, Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971) conducting The New Philharmonia Orchestra at the Royal Festival Hall, 1965. Paterson becomes European representative of Igor Stravinsky in Europe. André Previn
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Éric Rochat


reviews the hidden sexuality of a highly puritanical US society. Then in 1980, Rochat produced "Tusk", directed by surrealist Alejandro Jodorowsky, and based on the novel "Poo Lorn of the Elephants", by Reginald Campbell. In 1981, the story of the icon of the times, Coco Chanel, was brought to the screen in "Chanel Solitaire", produced by George Kaczender, starring Marie-France Pisier, Lambert Wilson and Timothy Dalton. In 1984, Rochat wrote, produced, and directed the "Story
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Igor Stravinsky


' or of 'purpose', 'the exact correlation between the goal and the means', or a dry 'ant-like neatness'". Stravinsky was honored in 1982 by the United States Postal Service with a 2¢ postage stamp in the Great Americans series. Igor Stravinsky found recordings a practical and useful tool in preserving his thoughts on the interpretation of his music. As a conductor of his own music, he recorded primarily for Columbia Records, beginning in 1928 with a performance of the original suite from "The
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Chanel No. 19


Chanel No. 19 perfume was first marketed in 1971. The number 19 was chosen to commemorate Coco Chanel's birthday, 19 August. The perfume was launched a year before she died. The scent was created by Henri Robert. No. 19 is a balsamic-green scent, compared to the aldehydic Chanel No. 5, the floral Chanel No. 22 and ambrette-green Chanel No. 18. The pure perfume and eau de parfum have a slight greenish tint, and the eau de toilette is pale green.
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Coco Chanel


that the legendary maxims attributed to Chanel and published in periodicals were crafted under the mentorship of Reverdy—a collaborative effort. A review of her correspondence reveals a complete contradiction between the clumsiness of Chanel the letter writer and the talent of Chanel as a composer of maxims ... After correcting the handful of aphorisms that Chanel wrote about her "métier", Reverdy added to this collection of "Chanelisms" a series of thoughts of a more general nature, some touching on life and taste, others on allure and love. Her involvement
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George Kaczender


"In Praise of Older Women" based on the best-selling novel by S. Vizinczey, and "Chanel Solitaire", the life of Coco Chanel, shot on location in France. He has worked with stars such as Robert Mitchum, Richard Harris, Jeanne Moreau, Tom Berenger, JoBeth Williams, Brad Pitt, George Clooney and Karen Black. He has also directed numerous films for network and cable television such as "". His film "Don't let the Angels Fall" was nominated for the Palme d'Or at
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Igor Stravinsky


Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (; ; 6 April 1971) was a Russian-born composer, pianist, and conductor. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th century. Stravinsky's compositional career was notable for its stylistic diversity. He first achieved international fame with three ballets commissioned by the impresario Serge Diaghilev and first performed in Paris by Diaghilev's Ballets Russes: "The Firebird" (1910), "Petrushka" (1911), and "The Rite of Spring" (1913).
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Igor Markevitch


's compositions were accepted by the publisher Schott. He produced at least one major work per year during the 1930s. He was rated among the leading contemporary composers of the time, even to the extent of being hailed as "the second Igor", after Igor Stravinsky. Markevitch collaborated on the ballet score "Rébus" with Leonid Massine in 1931; and "L'envol d'Icare" in 1932 with Serge Lifar. Neither was staged, but both scores were performed in concert. "L'envol d'Icare", based on the legend of
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Igor Stravinsky


Time" magazine named Stavinsky as one of the 100 most influential people of the century. In addition to the recognition he received for his compositions, he achieved fame as a pianist and a conductor, often at the premieres of his works. In 1923, Erik Satie wrote an article about Igor Stravinsky in "Vanity Fair". Satie had met Stravinsky for the first time in 1910. In the published article, Satie argued that measuring the "greatness" of an artist by comparing him to other artists, as if speaking
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Coco Chanel


scent, Chanel No. 5, has become an iconic product. She is the only fashion designer listed on "Time" magazine's . Chanel herself designed her famed interlocked-CC monogram, which has been in use since the 1920s. Chanel's social connections encouraged a conservative personal outlook. Rumors arose about Chanel's activities during the German occupation of France during World War II, and she was criticized for being too close to the German occupiers: One of Chanel's liaisons was with a German diplomat, Baron ("
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Coco Chanel


and status of the Chanel brand. "Forbes" magazine summarized the dilemma faced by the Wertheimers: [it is Pierre Wertheimer's worry] how "a legal fight might illuminate Chanel's wartime activities and wreck her image—and his business." Chanel hired René de Chambrun, Vichy France Prime Minister Pierre Laval's son-in-law, as her lawyer to sue Wertheimer. Ultimately, the Wertheimers and Chanel came to a mutual accommodation, renegotiating the original 1924 contract. On 17 May 1947, Chanel received wartime
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Coco Chanel


, damaging documents from French intelligence agencies were released that outlined Chanel's wartime involvements, quickly ending her monumental funeral plans. As early as 1915, "Harper's Bazaar" raved over Chanel's designs: "The woman who hasn't at least one Chanel is hopelessly out of fashion ... This season the name Chanel is on the lips of every buyer." Chanel's ascendancy was the official deathblow to the corseted female silhouette. The frills, fuss, and constraints endured by earlier generations of women were now passé; under
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TRS-80 Color Computer


existed several CoCo-clones, including the Prológica CP-400 Color and CP400 Color II, the Varixx VC50, the LZ Color64, the Dynacom MX1600, the Codimex CD6809, and the "vaporware" Microdigital TKS800. In Mexico, the Micro-SEP, a CoCo 2 clone with 64 KB of memory, was introduced by the Secretary of Education. The Micro-SEP was intended to be distributed nationally to all the public schools teaching the 7th to 9th grades. They were presented as a design of the Center of Advanced Research
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Danielle Darrieux


1966) her supporting role was the only occasion in which a principal actor in any of Demy's film-musicals to herself sing. (All other actors had a separate person dub their singing parts.) During the 1960s, she also was a concert singer. In 1970, Darrieux replaced Katharine Hepburn in the Broadway musical "Coco", based on the life of Coco Chanel, but the play, essentially a showcase for Hepburn, soon folded without her. In 1971 and 1972 she also appeared in the short-
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Last Year at Marienbad


group Blur, is based on the film. This film was the main inspiration for Karl Lagerfeld's Chanel Spring–Summer 2011 collection. Lagerfeld's show was complete with a fountain and a modern replica of the film's famous garden. Since costumes for this film were done by Coco Chanel, Lagerfeld drew his inspiration from the film and combined the film's gardens with those at Versailles. On 23 June 2009, the Criterion Collection released "L'Année dernière à Marienbad" in the United States as a Region 1 DVD and Blu
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Igor Stravinsky


. With Alexis Roland-Manuel and Pierre Souvtchinsky, he wrote his 1939–40 Harvard University Charles Eliot Norton Lectures, which were delivered in French and first collected under the title in 1942 and then translated in 1947 as "Poetics of Music". In 1959, several interviews between the composer and Robert Craft were published as "Conversations with Igor Stravinsky", which was followed by a further five volumes over the following decade. A collection of Stravinsky's writings and interviews appears under the title "Confidences sur la musique" (Actes
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Circus Polka


Circus Polka: For a Young Elephant was written by Igor Stravinsky in 1942. He composed it for a ballet production that the choreographer George Balanchine did for Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. The ballet was performed by fifty elephants and fifty ballerinas. In 1944, Stravinsky published an orchestration of the piece, which is now part of the repertoire of many orchestras. Igor Stravinsky and George Balanchine first met in 1925, as Balanchine, who just had started working for Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, choreographed the ballet version of
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Salle Pleyel


du Conservatoire, with Robert Casadesus as soloist and Igor Stravinsky, Maurice Ravel, and Philippe Gaubert as conductors, included music by Wagner, Manuel de Falla, Igor Stravinsky, Paul Dukas, Debussy, and Ravel. A fire ravaged the interior of the hall on 28 June 1928 and the renovation cost made it impossible to repay the loan to Crédit Lyonnais bank, which eventually took over the property and reduced the seats to 2,400. They in turn sold the hall to Hubert Martigny in 1998. Stravinsky returned to Paris to conduct
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Coco Chanel


opened a boutique at 21 rue Cambon, Paris, named "Chanel Modes". As this location already housed an established clothing business, Chanel sold only her millinery creations at this address. Chanel's millinery career bloomed once theatre actress Gabrielle Dorziat wore her hats in Fernand Nozière's play "Bel Ami" in 1912. Subsequently, Dorziat modelled Chanel's hats again in photographs published in "Les Modes". In 1913, Chanel opened a boutique in Deauville, financed by Arthur Capel, where she introduced deluxe casual clothing suitable
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Coco Chanel


prevented Chanel's punishment for spy collaborations, and ultimately salvaged her legacy. When Vaughan's book was published in August 2011, his disclosure of the contents of recently declassified military intelligence documents generated considerable controversy about Chanel's activities. The House of Chanel issued a statement, portions of which were published by several media outlets. Chanel corporate "refuted the claim" (of espionage), while acknowledging that company officials had read only media excerpts of the book. The Chanel Group stated, "What is certain is that she had
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Anne Fontaine


thriller: an "intimate thriller" according to Fontaine herself. A third Augustin film, "Nouvelle chance" (also known as "Oh La La") was released in 2006. Then came "The Girl From Monaco" in 2008 and "Coco Before Chanel", her biopic of Coco Chanel, in 2009. Fontaine's work is not easily categorised, though the phrase "psychological drama" is often used. She told a UK newspaper, "I try to work on my characters' blind side, in
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Coco Chanel


the business proved to be so lucrative that in 1916 Chanel was able to reimburse Capel's original investment. In Biarritz Chanel met an expatriate aristocrat, the Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia. They had a romantic interlude, and maintained a close association for many years afterward. By 1919, Chanel was registered as a "couturière" and established her "maison de couture" at 31 rue Cambon, Paris. In 1918, Chanel purchased the building at 31 rue Cambon, in one of the most fashionable districts of Paris.
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Coco Chanel


couture collections, Chanel threw herself into designing dance costumes for the Ballets Russes. In the years 1923–1937, she collaborated on productions choreographed by Diaghilev and dancer Vaslav Nijinsky, notably "Le Train bleu", a dance-opera; "Orphée" and "Oedipe Roi". In 1922, at the Longchamps races, Théophile Bader, founder of the Paris Galeries Lafayette, introduced Chanel to businessman Pierre Wertheimer. Bader was interested in selling Chanel No. 5 in his department store. In 1924, Chanel made an agreement with
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Coco Chanel


the Wertheimer brothers, Pierre and Paul, directors since 1917 of the eminent perfume and cosmetics house Bourjois. They created a corporate entity, "Parfums Chanel", and the Wertheimers agreed to provide full financing for the production, marketing, and distribution of Chanel No. 5. The Wertheimers would receive seventy percent of the profits, and Théophile Bader twenty percent. For ten percent of the stock, Chanel licensed her name to "Parfums Chanel" and withdrew from involvement in business operations. Later, unhappy with the arrangement,
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Coco Chanel


Chanel worked for more than twenty years to gain full control of "Parfums Chanel". She said that Pierre Wertheimer was "the bandit who screwed me". One of Chanel's longest enduring associations was with Misia Sert, a member of the bohemian elite in Paris and wife of Spanish painter José-Maria Sert. It is said that theirs was an immediate bond of kindred souls, and Misia was attracted to Chanel by "her genius, lethal wit, sarcasm and maniacal destructiveness, which intrigued and appalled everyone".
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Coco Chanel


Chanel contribution to the fashion lexicon, a style still worn to this day. In 1912–1913, the actress Suzanne Orlandi was one of the first women to wear a Chanel little black dress, in velvet with a white collar. In 1920, Chanel herself vowed that, while observing an audience at the opera, she would dress all women in black. In 1926, the American edition of "Vogue" published an image of a Chanel little black dress with long sleeves, dubbing it the "garçonne" ('little boy
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Chanel ready-to-wear collection


, Vanessa Paradis, and Yi Zhou attended the show. Actress and model Milla Jovovich said of the collection, "I love how he really brought in a lot of the essence of Coco Chanel into this collection, whether it was some of those more billowy coats—that was just so quintessentially Coco. I love how he is always able to take history and meld it with the future in the most beautiful, sensible way." As told to Style.com, Lagerfeld noted of his collection, "It was dark, but
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Three Pieces for String Quartet (Stravinsky)


Three Pieces for String Quartet is a composition by Russian composer Igor Stravinsky. It was finished in 1914, revised in 1918, and eventually published in 1922. As most of the works by Igor Stravinsky, this three-movement work was arranged from a four-hands on one piano version, from which the final revised version of 1918 derives and differs in some respects. The manuscript (originally titled "IStravinsky. Trois pièces pour quatuor à cordes – reduction pour piano à quatre mains par moi, IStr.") contained
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