Agapetus of the Kiev Caves [SEP] canonization status
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Agapetus of the Kiev Caves


Agapetus of the Kiev Caves or Agapetus of Pechersk (Агапит Печерский in Russian, Агапіт Печерський in Ukrainian)(born ?? - died 1095), was an Orthodox Christian saint and doctor, as well as a monk in Kiev Pechersk Lavra. He was born in Kiev and was taught and admitted to monastic vows by Saint Anthony of Kiev. Agapetus famously provided free medical services for poor people. He also healed grand prince Vladimir II Monomakh. Several churches in Ukraine and Russia bear his name. His relics are stored in the Near Caves
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Kuksha of the Kiev Caves


Saint Kuksha of the Kiev Caves (died after 1114) was a monk and martyr from the Pechersk Lavra (Monastery of the Caves) in Kiev, Ukraine. He has been canonized as a saint in the Russian Orthodox Church for his work spreading Christianity among the heathen East Slavic tribe of Vyatichi (of the Oka basin, in present-day Kaluga, Ryazan, and Tula oblasts of Russia). This story is told of him: Being a monk at Kiev Pechersk Lavra, he left to preach Gospel to idol-
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List of Russian saints (until 15th century)


as superstitious according to the Spiritual Regulation of 1721, and the church-wide canonizations greatly decreased. On the other hand, some of the most important saints were canonized in that period, such as the vast majority of Kiev Caves monks or Metropolitan Michael I. A separate period within the Synodal period were the last years of the Russian Empire, ruled by Emperor Nicholas II (1894–1917). Nicholas II re-established the local canonization, and tried to recover the pre-Petrine format. For the first time since the last
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Zoloti Vorota (Kiev Metro)


depict the various Grand Princes of Kievan Rus', of which 27 are depicted. The mosaic pieces themselves incorporate the princes' years of reigning and their names: The station also has nine mosaics depicting various other important personalities of the Kievan Rus' era featuring Anthony, Theodosius, Anne, Hilarion, Agapetus, Alypius, Nestor the Chronicler, Petro Mylonig, and Sylvester. Eight of the mosaic pieces depict Kiev's ancient Rus' churches including the Church of the Tithes, the Saint Sophia Cathedral, Iryninska Church, St. Michael
14561448
Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kiev Patriarchate


in Crimea ceased to exist; three churches were seized by Russian authorities. The Kiev Patriarchate is unrecognised by the Moscow Patriarchate (which considers it schismatic) and other Orthodox churches. In April 2018, the Ecumenical Patriarchate began to consider a request by the Ukrainian Parliament to grant canonical status to the UOC-KP in Ukraine. In early September 2018, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Bartholomew indicated that the Church of Constantinople did not recognise the Moscow Patriarchate's claim to ecclesiastical jurisdiction over "the region of today's Metropolis of Kiev"
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Pope Agapetus I


the clergy entered charges against Anthimus as an intruder and a heretic. Agapetus ordered him to make a written profession of faith and to return to his forsaken see; upon Anthimus' refusal, Agapetus deposed him. The Emperor threatened Agapetus with banishment. Agapetus is said to have replied, "With eager longing have I come to gaze upon the Most Christian Emperor Justinian. In his place I find a Diocletian, whose threats, however, terrify me not." Agapetus, for the first time in the history of the Church
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Abraham and Onesimus of Kiev Caves


Abraham and Onesimus of Kiev were monks of Kiev and lived in 12-13 c. They, with several others, have a feast day at the Kiev Caves monastery on the Saturday after September 14. The others commemorated on that day include: Kiev Pechersk Lavra is an orthodox monastery which was founded by the monk St.Anthony Pechersky, also known as Antony Pechersky, in 1051 at the caves near Kiev (now is the center of the city). In 12-th century Lavra became the center of spreading of Christianity in Ancient
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Theodosius of Kiev


Theodosius of Kiev or Theodosius of the Caves (; ) is an 11th-century saint who brought Cenobitic Monasticism to Kievan Rus' and, together with St Anthony of Kiev, founded the Kiev Caves Lavra (Monastery of the Caves). A hagiography of Theodosius was written in the twelfth century. Saint Theodosius' greatest achievement has been the introducing of the monastic rule of Saint Theodore the Studite in the Monastery of the Caves whence it spread to all the monasteries of the Russian Orthodox Church. According to the "Primary Chronicle"
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Kiev Pechersk Lavra


, Kiev Caves Monastery or the Kiev Monastery of the Caves ("на печерах"). According to the Primary Chronicle, in the early 11th century, Anthony, an Orthodox monk from Esphigmenon monastery on Mount Athos, originally from Liubech of the Principality of Chernihiv, returned to Rus' and settled in Kiev as a missionary of monastic tradition to Kievan Rus'. He chose a cave at the Berestov Mount that overlooked the Dnieper River and a community of disciples soon grew. Prince Iziaslav I of Kiev ceded the whole mount
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Agapetus (genus)


Agapetus is a genus of little black caddisflies of the family Glossosomatidae. There are at least 210 described species in "Agapetus". Larvae of "Agapetus" could be confused with "Protoptila" (another Glossosomatidae), but are readily distinguished by the presence of 2 mesonotal sclerites instead of 3. There have been few larval-adult associations of the "Agapetus" spp. (7 of 30), so in areas with multiple species, adults or mature pupae are needed for species level identification. The saddle-type
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Moses (Kulik)


Patriarch Moses was the Patriarch of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church Canonical, an autocephalous Orthodox church that declares its canonical origin from the Polish Orthodox Church and an 1920s era tomos of autocephaly for Kiev issued by the Ecumenical Patriarch of that era. Patriarch Moses was one of many men claiming the title of Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church until early 2019, when the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople formally recognized the autocephaly of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, and restored all Ukrainian Orthodox clergy to canonical status. The dispute, however, among the competing
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Kiev Pechersk Lavra


complex. The Kiev Pechersk Lavra caverns are a system of narrow underground corridors (about 1-1½ metres wide and 2-2½ metres high), along with numerous living quarters and underground chapels. In 1051, the monk Anthony settled in an old cave in a hill near the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. This cave received additions including corridors and a church, and is now the Far Caves. In 1057, Anthony moved to a cave near the Upper Lavra, now called the Near Caves. Foreign travellers in the 16th–17th centuries
14286967
Menaion


patron feast of a church named after a minor saint; it is also used by missions and parishes unable to afford a complete Menaion. Supplementary volumes to the Menaion exist for local saints, "e.g.", one for all the Saints of the Kiev Caves Monastery, or for newly canonized saints or icons which have their own locally observed feasts. Since 1921, there have been two calendars in use within the Orthodox Church: the Julian Calendar and the Revised Julian Calendar. As of this century there is a thirteen-day
12486442
History of Christianity in Ukraine


. Others were sent to Siberia and even chose to be martyred. Officially the Moscow Patriarchate never recognised the canonical right of the synod as it lacked any bishops there. The relatively permissive post-war government attitude towards the Orthodox Church came to an end with Khrushchev's "Thaw" programme, which included closing the recently opened Kiev's Caves Lavra. However, in the west-Ukrainian dioceses, which were the largest in the USSR, the Soviet attitude was "softest". In fact in the western city of Lviv
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Pope Agapetus II


(932–954), son of Marozia and the self-styled "prince and senator of the Romans", meant that Agapetus was prevented from exercising any temporal or secular power in Rome and the Papal States. Tensions between the rival kings of Italy, Berengar II and Otto I allowed Alberic to exercise complete control over Rome and Agapetus, meaning the pope was largely limited to managing internal church affairs. Even Agapetus’ invitation to Otto to intervene in Italian affairs in 951 was done at the instigation of Alberic, who was growing
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Pope Agapetus II


act on his behalf, while Agapetus wrote to a number of bishops, asking them to be present at the council. Through his legate the pope indicated his support for King Louis IV of France, and gave his support for reinstalling Artald as bishop of Reims. This council was followed up by another one at Trier, where Agapetus was again represented by Marinus of Bomarzo. Then in 949, Agapetus held a synod in Rome, which confirmed the rulings of the two councils. It condemned the former bishop Hugh and it excommunicated
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Pope Agapetus I


Pope Agapetus I (died 22 April 536) was Pope from 13 May 535 to his death in 536. He is not to be confused with another Saint Agapetus, an Early Christian martyr with the feast day of 6 August. Agapetus was born in Rome, although his exact date of birth is unknown. He was the son of Gordianus, a Roman priest who had been slain during the riots in the days of Pope Symmachus (term 498–514). The name of his father might point to a familial relation with two
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Kiev Pechersk Lavra


The Kiev Pechersk Lavra is one of the largest museums in Kiev. The exposition is the actual ensemble of the Upper (Near Caves) and Lower (Far Caves) Lavra territories, which house many architectural relics of the past. The collection within the churches and caves includes articles of precious metal, prints, higher clergy portraits and rare church hierarchy photographs. The main exposition contains articles from 16th to early 20th centuries, which include chalices, crucifixes, and textiles from 16th–19th centuries, with needlework and embroidery of Ukrainian masters.
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Kiev Pechersk Lavra


Kiev Pechersk Lavra, Kyiv Pechersk Lavra or Kyivo-Pechers’ka Lavra (: "Kyievo-Pechers'ka lavra"; : "Kyievo-Pecherska lavra"), also known as the Kiev Monastery of the Caves, is a historic Orthodox Christian monastery which gave its name to one of the city districts where it is located in Kiev. Since its foundation as the cave monastery in 1051 the Lavra has been a preeminent center of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Eastern Europe. Together with the Saint Sophia Cathedral, it is inscribed as a UNESCO World
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Kiev Missal


). Since the Kiev Missal has only 13 pages preserved, it's obvious that only a part of the missal has been preserved, from the sacramentary containing crucial and unchangeable parts spoken by the priest. The Kiev Folios are generally held by Slavists as the oldest among the OCS canon manuscripts, even though they exhibit several West Slavic features that place them at the beginning of the Czech-Moravian recension of OCS. These are: As features that connect Kiev Folios to the canonic manuscripts of other Slavic areas (namely Bulgaro-
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Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church Canonical


the post-totalitarian Ukraine and called upon the unification of the scattered Ukrainians all over the world. On 17–18 June 2005, on the Feast of the Holy Trinity, in Kiev, the Hierarchs Council of UAOC-Sobornopravna under the omophorion of Moses, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus-Ukraine took place, where the name of the Church was asserted as UAOC-Canonical by the decision of the Holy Synod and by the decision of the Ecumenical Hierarchs Council . UAOC-Canonical is the canonical successor of the Kievan Rus Metropolitanate
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Plechelm


Plechelm, O.S.B. (Plechelm of Guelderland, Plechelm, also Pleghelm or Plechelmus; died 730), is honoured as a saint in both the Catholic Church and the Old Catholic Church as a patron saint of the Netherlands. Plechelm was an Irish Benedictine monk who traveled to Rome with two fellow monks, Saints Wiro and Otger. He became a missionary first in Northumbria, England, and then in the Kingdom of Frisia, now the Netherlands. He died in St. Odiliënberg. Plechem was canonized by Pope Agapetus II about 950.
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Robert (archbishop of Trier)


" of Mouzon". All the bishops of the province of Trier attended along with some bishops from the province of Reims. Hugh arrived and spoke with Robert in the church but did not attend the sessions. Robert allowed a letter Hugh presented, from Pope Agapetus II, to be read out loud. In it the pope ordered Hugh to be restored, but the bishops refused to heed the command, citing as their reason that the pope had previously mandated Robert of Trier and Frederick of Mainz to resolve the matter canonically and
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Robert (archbishop of Trier)


that his latest letter was drawn up at the behest of Hugh's messengers. They confirmed in a charter that Artold was the canonical bishop of Reims, but Hugh still refused to submit. In light of the failure of the Verdun and Mouzon synods to resolve the matter, Pope Agapetus dispatched a legate, Marinus, to Germany ordering King Otto to call a general synod. On 7 June 948 this synod opened under the presidency of Robert in the chapel dedicated to Saint Remigius in the royal palace at Ingelheim. The kings of
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Atlantida (cave)


is inhabited by rare species of bats. In 1950s, in Zavallya was set a quarry for gypsum mining. However, it did not work for long because of numerous holes in rock, which made the business unprofitable. The holes attracted young speleologists from Kiev under the guidance of Valery Rogozhnikov who discovered Atlantida cave in 1969. One of the largest halls in cave is devoted to them – "The Hall of Kiev speleologists". The cave has become a natural geological monument of national importance since 1975. Now there are provided
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Nestor the Chronicler


Saint Nestor the Chronicler ( 1056 – c. 1114, in Kiev, Kievan Rus') was the reputed author of the "Primary Chronicle", (the earliest East Slavic chronicle), "Life of the Venerable Theodosius of the Kiev Caves", and "Account about the Life and Martyrdom of the Blessed Passion Bearers Boris and Gleb." In 1073, Nestor became a monk of the Monastery of the Caves in Kiev. The only other detail of his life that is reliably known is that he was commissioned with two
15420939
Legal status and local government of Kiev


Kiev as the capital of Ukraine and is also based on the city's historical administrative status within the Soviet Union where Kiev held the position of a "City of republican subordination". The head of the local government (the Mayor of Kiev) is elected, rather than appointed, and the municipal government has greater latitude in local affairs that elsewhere in Ukraine. The President of Ukraine appoints the Head of Kiev City Administration. Currently, the legal status and the local government of Kiev is regulated by the special provisions of the
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Agapetus (deacon)


Agapetus was a deacon of the church of Hagia Sophia at Constantinople (about 500), reputed tutor of Justinian, and author of a series of exhortations in seventy-two short chapters addressed around 527 to Justinian ("Patrologia Graecae," LXXXVI, 1153–86). The first letters of each chapter form an acrostic of dedication that reads: "The very humble Deacon Agapetus to the sacred and venerable Emperor Justinian" (). The repute in which this work was held appears from its common title, viz. the "
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Pope Agapetus I


, personally consecrated Anthimus' legally elected successor, Mennas. Justinian delivered to the Pope a written confession of faith, which the latter accepted with the proviso that "although he could not admit in a layman the right of teaching religion, yet he observed with pleasure that the zeal of the Emperor was in perfect accord with the decisions of the Fathers". Four of Agapetus' letters have survived. Two are addressed to Justinian in reply to a letter from the emperor, in the latter of which Agapetus refuses to acknowledge the
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Pope Agapetus II


and Trivento who were accused of simony. Hoping to rejuvenate the religious life of the clerics in Italy, Agapetus, with the blessing of the "Princeps" Alberic, asked for the abbot of Gorze Abbey to send some of his monks down and join the monastic community attached to the church of Saint Paul Outside the Walls. Agapetus died on 8 November 955, and was succeeded by Alberic’s son, Octavianus, who took the papal name of John XII. He was buried in the Lateran basilica, behind the apse,
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Dionysius, Metropolitan of Kiev


Saint Dionysius I (); secular name: David (1300? – October 15, 1385) was a Russian Orthodox metropolitan in 1384–1385. A native of the Duchy of Kiev as a young man David entered the Kiev Caves Lavra, where he was tonsured a hieromonk and given the religious name Dionysius. He is known to have spent a number of years living in a cave that he dug out himself on the banks of the Volga River not far from Nizhny Novgorod. Later, Dionysius founded the Pechersky Monastery on that same
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Pope Agapetus I


Riez, whom a council at Marseilles had condemned for immorality, and he ordered Caesarius of Arles to grant the accused a new trial before papal delegates. Meanwhile, the Byzantine general Belisarius was preparing for an invasion of Italy. King Theodahad of the Ostrogoths begged Agapetus to proceed on an embassy to Constantinople and use his personal influence to appease Emperor Justinian I following the death of Amalasuntha. To defray the costs of the embassy, Agapetus pledged the sacred vessels of the Church of Rome. He set out in mid-winter with
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Pope Agapetus II


city, and since that time Salzburg had been raised to an archbishopric. Consequently, both lawfully occupied their respective Sees, and both were to retain their rank and diocese. Agapetus ruled that jurisdiction over western Pannonia would rest with Herhold, while the eastern part, along with the regions occupied by the Avars and the Moravians, would fall under Gerard. In Italy, Agapetus wrote to the dukes of Beneventum and Capua, demanding that monasteries be returned to the monks whom they had displaced. He also deposed the bishops of Termoli
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Chernihiv


through the most trying periods of its history, Chernihiv retained its ecclesiastical importance as the seat of bishopric or archbishopric. At the outskirts of the modern city lie two ancient cave monasteries, formerly used as the bishops' residences. The caves of the Eletsky Monastery are said to predate those of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra (Kiev Monastery of the Caves). Its magnificent 6-pillared cathedral was erected at the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries; some traces of its 750-year-old murals may still be seen in the interior. After
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Eparchy of Kiev (Moscow Patriarchate)


Eparchy of Kiev () is central eparchy of the canonical Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) under the supreme ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church. The seat of Eparchy is in Kiev. Eparchy is primatial, its head being the Metropolitan of Kiev and all Ukraine. Since 2014, office is held by Metropolitan Onufriy (Berezovsky). The history of the Eparchy of Kiev dates back to the establishment of the Metropolitanate of Kiev under the jurisdiction of Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Russian Kiev diocese (or archdiocese) is first
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Job of Manyava


down by Austrian authorities on 1 July 1785. The monastery in Maniava was reestablished with the collapse of communism in Ukraine in the 1990s. Saint Job and Saint Theodosius of Maniava were canonized at the National Church Council of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Kiev Patriarchate) on 15 July 2004 in Kiev. Likewise, even earlier, in 1994, they have been also canonized by Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate, the canonical Orthodox body in Ukraine. 24 June (Church Calendar), which equates to 7 July (civil calendar)
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Pope Agapetus I


five bishops and a large retinue. In February 536, he appeared in the capital of the East. Justinian declined to call a halt to the planned invasion as preparations were far too advanced. Agapetus immediately turned his attention from the political matter Theodahad had sent him to address to a religious one. The occupant of the Byzantine patriarchal see was Anthimus I, who had left his episcopal see of Trebizond. Against the protests of the orthodox, the Empress Theodora finally seated Anthimus in the patriarchal chair. When Agapetus arrived members of
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Pope Agapetus II


Pope Agapetus II (died 8 November 955) was Pope from 10 May 946 to his death in 955. A nominee of the Princeps of Rome, Alberic II, his pontificate occurred during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum. Born into a Roman noble family, he was born with Roman father (descendant of consul Anicius Faustus Albinus Basilius) and with Greek mother. Agapetus was elected pope on 10 May 946 after the death Pope Marinus II. The existence of an independent republic of Rome, ruled by Alberic II,
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Pope Agapetus II


pope was also apparently asked by King Frode VI of Jutland to send missionaries to his kingdom. Agapetus was also asked to intervene in a dispute between Herhold, archbishop of Salzburg and Gerard, bishop of Lauriacum who both claimed the title of metropolitan of all Pannonia. Agapetus dispatched a letter to the two claimants, in which he stated that the diocese of Lauriacum had been the metropolitan church of all Pannonia before the invasion of the Huns. However, following the ravages inflicted by them, the metropolitan had transferred his See to another
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Kiev


Kiev is completely surrounded by Kiev Oblast. Originated on the right bank, today Kiev is located on both sides of the Dnieper, which flows southward through the city towards the Black Sea. The older and higher right-bank ("western") part of the city is represented by numerous woody hills (Kiev Hills), ravines and small rivers. The Kiev's relief contributed to the city's toponyms such as Podil (means lower), Pechersk (caves), uzviz (a steep street, "descent"
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Pope Agapetus II


his father, Herbert II, Count of Vermandois for his opposition to King Louis IV. After receiving requests from both Louis IV of Francia and Otto I of Germany, Agapetus granted privileges to monasteries and nunneries within their respective kingdoms. He also was sympathetic towards Otto’s plans to restructure the bishoprics within Germany, which were eventually aborted due to pressure exerted by William of Mainz. Around 948, Agapetus, granted the Archbishop of Hamburg the right of consecrating bishops in Denmark and other northern European countries instead of the pope. The
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Legal status and local government of Kiev


Constitution of Ukraine as well as a combination of Ukrainian laws, namely the "Law on the capital of Ukraine - Hero City Kiev", the "Law on the local state administration" and the "Law on local self-governance in Ukraine". Its special administrative status is recognized in the Ukrainian Constitution in and is governed in accordance with laws passed by Ukraine's parliament, the Verkhovna Rada. The scope and structure of the Kiev local government and the status of the current Kiev City Council is the subject of an
2933642
Ouvrage Cave-à-Canon


Ouvrage Cave-à-Canon is a lesser work ("petit ouvrage") of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line. Started in 1937, the ouvrage consists of one infantry block about one kilometer east of Bourg St. Maurice, on the south bank of the Isère. A short gallery with cross galleries extends into the rock, with an emergency exit and ventilation shaft halfway back. The "ouvrage" was incomplete in 1940, under the command of Lieutenant Courteaud. Cave-à-Canon, and
14822391
Kiev Missal


The Kiev Missal (or Kiev Fragments or Kiev Folios; scholarly abbreviation Ki) is a seven-folio Glagolitic Old Church Slavonic canon manuscript containing parts of the Roman-rite liturgy. It is usually held to be the oldest and the most archaic Old Church Slavonic manuscript, and is dated at no later than the latter half of the 10th century. Seven parchment folios have been preserved in small format (cca 14,5x10,5 cm) of easily portable book to be of use to missionaries on the move. Kiev Folios were found in
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Kiev


of Kiev, such as Andriyivskyy Descent, have become popular street vendor locations, where one can find traditional Ukrainian art, religious items, books, game sets (most commonly chess) as well as jewellery for sale. At the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 Kiev was the only Commonwealth of Independent States city to have been inscribed into the TOP30 European Green City Index (placed 30th). Kiev's most famous historical architecture complexes are the St. Sophia Cathedral and the Kiev Pechersk Lavra (Monastery of the Caves), which
15265345
Ephraim of Pereyaslavl


Saint Nikon the Chronicler, then the Hegumen of the Kiev Monastery of the Caves. The enraged Iziaslav demanded that Ephraim return, threatening to lock him up in prison and to destroy the Kiev Monastery of the Caves (the Pechersk Lavra). St Anthony and the brethren left the monastery and decided to go to another place. Iziaslav, however, feared the wrath of God. He took his wife's advice and withdrew his forces from the monastery in disgrace. Ephraim wished to go on pilgrimage to the holy places abroad.
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Kiev Pechersk Lavra


community. Currently, the jurisdiction over the site is divided between the state museum, National Kyiv-Pechersk Historic-Cultural Preserve, and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) as the site of the chief monastery of that Church and the residence of its leader, Metropolitan Onuphrius. The word "pechera" means "cave". The word "lavra" is used to describe high-ranking male monasteries for monks of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Therefore, the name of the monastery is also translated as Kiev Cave Monastery
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Pechersky Ascension Monastery


Pechersky Ascension Monastery (, "Pechyorsky Vozensensky Monastyr") is a monastery in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. It is the principal monastery of the Nizhny Novgorod Eparchy (diocese) and the seat of the Bishop of Nizhny Novgorod and Arzamas. Pechersky Voznesensky Monastery is usually said to have been founded ca. 1328-1330 by St. Dionysius, who came to Nizhny Novgorod from "Kiev Pechersk Lavra" (i.e., Kiev Monastery of the Caves, "pechery" meaning 'caves') with several other monks, and dug for
16430241
Sir Charles Malet, 1st Baronet


. He continued to take an interest in India and influenced Thomas Daniell to publish Wales's paintings of the caves at Ellora apart from writing about them. He was created a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Arts. He had eight children by Susanna several of whom served in India.: Alexander Malet, 2nd Bt (23 Jul 1800 - 28 Nov 1886), Lt Col Charles St Lo Malet (10 Jan 1802 - 20 Sep 1889), William Wyndham Malet (29 Sep 1803 - 12 Jun
21513945
Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church


Russian Orthodox Church's canonical jurisdiction over the Ukrainian Church contained in a letter of 1686. The synod also lifted the excommunication of Patriarch Filaret of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kiev Patriarchate (UOC-KP) and Metropolitan Makariy of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC), and both bishops were "canonically reinstated to their hierarchical or priestly rank, and their faithful [...] restored to communion with the Church." It was later clarified that Filaret was considered by the Ecumenical Patriarchate only as "the former metropolitan of Kiev
12567571
Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church Canonical


by the decision of the Ecumenical Bishop's Council of UAOC-Canonical, under the action of the Holy Spirit, Metropolitan Moses was elected and enthroned into the dignity of Patriarch of Kiev and All Rus-Ukraine. 12 Hierarchs, the clergy and the hundreds of the faithful from all over the world took part in the Holy Council. The enthronement took place on the Feast of the Holy Trinity in the orthodox sanctuary of the people of Ukraine, in the principal Temple of Ukraine - the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev. Ukrainian
5660426
Berestove


Berestove () is a historical location of Kiev. It is located in the Pechersk Raion of the city in the historic Hungarian tract. The location is situated between Lypky, Klov, Zvirynets and the right banks of Dnieper. In the past it was a princely village of Berestiv to the east from the early city of Kiev. Today the place is part of the Park of Eternal Glory and upper parts of the Caves monastery of Kiev (Kiev Pechersk Lavra). The name has derived from a local name for Field Elm
20263644
Prelest


living in seclusion for 7 years and was deluded by a false vision of Lord Jesus. He was left by demons lying unconscious. Saints Antonius and Theodosius of the Kiev Caves were nursing him and praying about him for 2 years. After that, St. Isaac got better and in the end of his life he received the power over demons. Saint Nicetas of the Kiev Caves attempted an excessive feat of seclusion without sufficient experience. He was deluded by an "angel" who helped him and gave him a false gift of clairvoyance
20490027
Vsevolod I of Kiev


, but the Cumans routed them on the Alta River. After their defeat, Vsevolod withdrew to Pereyaslav. However, its citizens rose up in open rebellion, dethroned Iziaslav, and liberated and proclaimed Vseslav their grand prince. Vsevolod and Sviatoslav made no attempt to expel the usurper from Kiev. Vsevolod supported Sviatoslav against Iziaslav. They forced their brother to flee from Kiev in 1073. Feodosy, the saintly "hegumen" or head of the Monastery of the Caves in Kiev remained loyal to Iziaslav, and refused lunch with Sviatoslav and
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Pecherskyi District


Pecherskyi District () is an urban district of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. It line within the eponymous historical neighborhood, while also including some other historical areas. The Pechersk (, ) neighborhood is located on the hills adjoining the right bank of the Dnieper River. The two geographic entities are often confused together. The Pecherskyi District can be considered as the very heart of Ukraine. Pechersk is one of the most important cultural areas of Kiev, the location of the legendary Kiev Pechersk Lavra (Kiev Monastery of the Caves
18841602
Krubera Cave


caves on Earth deeper than 2,000 metres. The original name "Krubera" had been assigned to the cave by Soviet speleologists who explored the entrance pit in 1960. This name was given after the noted Russian geographer Alexander Kruber. The name "Krubera Cave" thus has a priority. "Voronya Cave" means "Crows' Cave" in Russian. This name was used as a slang name by Kiev speleologists during the 1980s due to a number of crows nesting in the entrance pit, and then remained in the literature and
19550233
Legal status and local government of Kiev


The City of Kiev has a unique legal status compared to the other administrative subdivisions of Ukraine. The most significant difference is that the city is functionally independent of the "oblast" (province) in which it is located. That is, Kiev is subordinated directly to the national-level branches of the Government of Ukraine, skipping the provincial level authorities of Kiev Oblast, but "hosting" the administrative and infrastructure bodies for the latter. The unique standing of the city's institutions of self-governance reflects the role of
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Sviatopolk II of Kiev


undefended. His father-in-law, Tugorkhan raided Pereiaslavl, while Boniak raided as far as Kiev, destroying Berestovo and sacking the three monasteries of Klov, Vydubichi, and the Caves. Tugorkhan would be killed during his raid on Pereiaslavl, consequently Sviatopolk would have him buried in Kiev. Sviatopolk's Christian name was Michael, so he encouraged embellishment of St Michael's Abbey in Kiev, which has been known as the "Golden-Roofed" up to the present. The history now known as "the Primary Chronicle
4305461
Kiev


of primary importance of Eastern Orthodox Christianity . Its sacred sites, which include the Kiev Pechersk Lavra (the Monastery of the Caves) and the Saint Sophia Cathedral are probably the most famous, attracted pilgrims for centuries and now recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site remain the primary religious centres as well as the major tourist attraction. The above-mentioned sites are also part of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine collection. Kiev's theatres include, the Kiev Opera House, Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater, Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater
15265349
Legal status and local government of Kiev


(the other being the city of Sevastopol also administratively independent from the surrounding Autonomous Republic of Crimea) Kiev's status somewhat differs from the status of Sevastopol as the latter's scope of local government is narrower. Kiev city itself is divided into administrative raions (districts), which have their own units of central and local government with jurisdiction over a limited scope of affairs. Raions are the lowest level of the city's government although some of the raions include geographically distinct "villages" (e.g., surrounded by forest).
2933644
Nine Wells


(caddisfly), "Agapetus fuscipes". However the drought of 1976 together with increased water abstraction caused some extinctions and Nine Wells lost its SSSI status. Efforts are being made to recreate conditions favourable to re-establishing a richer invertebrate fauna again, however there is a great deal of new building going on in the area so this special little habitat patch is potentially under threat. According to the information boards within the reserve, active management is needed to keep the streams suitable for bullhead fish to thrive and this is important
7332333
Atlantida (cave)


a number of halls up to 12 m high at the crossings of galleries. The largest are Dynamo, the Hall of the Conquerors of the caves, the Hall of Kiev speleologists. The morphology of galleries and halls of Atlantida is not much affected by process of destruction. The gypsum speleothems like stalactites, stalagmites and straws of different colorations create a spectacular sculptural shape of the cave's ceiling and walls. The great variety of crystals from miniature needles to 1.5 m long units makes the cave a unique mineralogical museum. The cave
14612569
Krubera Cave


1980 there were no caves deeper than known in Arabika. The new epoch in cave explorations in the Arabika Massif began in 1980 when the Kiev Speleological Club, led by Alexander Klimchuk, started exploring caves there. They adopted an approach to cave search and exploration which included thorough investigations in a defined area and systematic testing of cave limits, through digging in boulder chokes and enlarging squeezes which had previously obstructed exploration. The Ortobalagan Valley had been selected as a primary focus for the Ukrainian efforts. This approach, followed in subsequent years
19550259
Krubera Cave


by other caving clubs which joined exploration activity in different parts of Arabika, resulted in the discovery of many deep caves including five caves deeper than 1,000 m. In the Ortobalagan Valley, the Ukrainian cavers made breakthroughs in Kuybyshevskaya Cave at −160 m and pushed it to by 1986 through a series of massive boulder chokes. They broke through an impassable squeeze at −120 m in Genrikhova Bezdna Cave and eventually connected it to Kuybyshevskaya at −956 m in 1987. The resultant system has been named the Arabikskaya System. From 1982 onwards, the Kiev
19550260
Legal status and local government of Kiev


ongoing bitter legal and political crisis. The oppositional parties that dominate the city after the recent elections consider the City Council term of authority expired and effectively block attempts at its convening through mass protest. Kiev is a national-level subordinated municipality (officially ""a city with special status""), which means that the city is directly subordinated to national-level government rather than to the provincial level authorities of Kiev Oblast, which surrounds the city. Of only two special status municipalities of national-level subordination in Ukraine
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Agapetus (deacon)


Royal Sections" (). The book deals in general terms with the moral, religious, and political duties of a ruler. In form it is quite sententious and rhetorical, and resembles closely a similar work in the romance of Barlaam and Josaphat. Both of these seem to be based on Isocrates, and on Basil the Great and Gregory of Nazianzus. The work of Agapetus was eminently fitted for the use of medieval teachers by reason of its content, the purity of its Greek diction, and its skillful construction. It
18116555
Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kiev Patriarchate


rank, and their faithful ... restored to communion with the Church." The following day, the UOC-KP declared that the decision restored the canonical recognition of the episcopate and clergy of the Kiev Patriarchate. It was later clarified that the Ecumenical Patriarchate considered Filaret "the former metropolitan of Kiev" and Makariy "the former Archbishop of Lviv" and, on 2 November 2018, the Ecumenical Patriarchate did not recognise the UAOC or the UOC-KP and their leaders. The Ecumenical Patriarchate declared that it recognised sacraments performed by
18501915
Elephanta Caves


but geologically on the edge of the eastern hill. The two hills are connected by a walkway. The eastern hill is also called the Stupa hill, while the western hill is called the Canon hill, reflecting their historic colonial-era names, the ancient Stupa and the Portuguese era firing Canons they host respectively. All Caves are a rock-cut temples that cover an area of , and they include a main chamber, two lateral chambers, courtyards, and subsidiary shrines. Cave 1 is the largest and is deep from
8268101
Church of the Nativity


250-year old understanding among religious communities, the Status Quo, applies to the site. Of the four canonical gospels, only Matthew and Luke offer narratives regarding the birth of Jesus. Of these two, only Luke offers the details of Jesus' birth in Bethlehem (). Luke mentions the manger, but not the cave: "and she gave birth to her firstborn, a son. She wrapped him in cloths and placed him in a manger, because there was no guest room available for them." (Luke 2:7
16736273
Sacro Monte di Andorno


night, however, the statue returned in the cave. Many others tried to take the statue out of the cave, but they all failed. Those who believed in the sanctity of the cave built a chapel around it. A 16th century wooden statue of John the Baptist still resides in the center of the sanctuary, preserved in the first chapel on the right. The cave and the statue were immediately famous and gave rise to stories of miraculous happenings. It was popularly believed that the water in the cave was able to
2937098
Holosiivskyi National Nature Park


. As a toponym it is first mentioned in 1541 as a domain of the Kiev Cave Monastery. In 1617 there was a khutir Holosiivskyi. The area is located between such Kiev neighborhoods like Demiivka, Teremky, Feofania, Mysholovka, Dobryi Shlyakh, Pyrohiv, Samburky, and Kytayiv. Following the Soviet persecutions against religion, at the former monastic areas was established a local agrarian institute, previously part of the Kiev Polytechnic (today National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine). In 1950s-1960s on some territory of the Holosiiv
11226691
Kievan Rus'


and besieged the city of Kiev. Some speculation exists that the Pechenegs drove off the Tivertsi and the Ulichs to the regions of the upper Dniester river in Bukovina. The Byzantine Empire was known to support the Pechenegs in their military campaigns against the Eastern Slavic states. Boniak was a Cuman khan who led a series of invasions on Kievan Rus′. In 1096, Boniak attacked Kiev, plundered the Kiev Monastery of the Caves, and burned down the prince's palace in Berestovo. He was defeated in 1107 by Vladimir Monomakh, Oleg,
11901002
Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church


their respective leaders were not recognized as primates of their churches. The Kievan Metropolis was the fruit of the baptism of the Kievan Rus in the time of Grand Prince Vladimir the Great (988 AD). Missionaries were sent from Constantinople to instruct the people in the Byzantine-Orthodox faith. Monastic life flourished, including in the famous Kiev Monastery of the Caves, through the efforts of St. Anthony of Kiev, known as the father of Russian monasticism. The sacking of Kiev itself in December 1240 during the Mongol invasion led to
12567554
Great Lavra Bell Tower


The Great Lavra Bell Tower or the Great Belfry (, ) is the main bell tower of the ancient cave monastery of Kiev Pechersk Lavra in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. It is one of the most notable buildings of the Kiev skyline (). The bell tower was the highest free-standing bell tower at the time of its construction in 1731–1745. It was designed by the architect Johann Gottfried Schädel. Its total height, with the Christian cross, is 96.5 metres (316 feet). The Great Lavra Bell
16020281
Sviatoslav II of Kiev


not let his Polish allies enter the town, but his retinue slaughtered or mutilated many of his opponents in Kiev. He also attempted to punish Anthonythe founder of the Monastery of the Caves in Kievwho had supported his enemies, but Sviatoslav gave shelter to the saintly monk in Chernigov. With Iziaslav's return to Kiev, the "triumvirate" was restored. The three brothers together visited Vyshhorod in order to participate in the translation of the relics of their saintly uncles, Boris and Gleb on 3 May 1072. According to "The
16573
Iziaslav I of Kiev


Chernigov, returned to Rus' and settled in Kiev as a missionary of the monastic tradition to Kievan Rus'. He chose a cave at the Berestov Mount that overlooked the Dnieper River and a community of disciples soon grew. In 1043 his father Veliki Kniaz (Grand Prince) Yaroslav made an agreement with King Casimir I of Poland that recognized Cherven as part of Kiev. The agreement was sealed with a double marriage—Casimir to Dobronega, Yaroslav's sister; and Iziaslav to Gertrude, Casimir's sister. From this marriage
21061220
Pechersk, Kiev


Pechersk () is a historical neighborhood in the city center of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. It is a part of the administrative Pechersk Raion (district). Pechersk is located between the Lypky, Klov and Dnieper hills. One of its main streets are the Ivan Mazepa Street, Dmytro Godzenko Street, Lesya Ukrainka Boulevard. Its name comes from the caves of Kiev Pechersk Lavra (founded in 1051) existing since ancient times. The settlement began to emerge in the 12th century as the Pechersk Lavra settlement and check around
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Anthony of Kiev


cave for a nearby mountain so he could continue to live the solitary life. There he dug another cave for himself and lived in seclusion there. This cave became the first of what would later be known as the Far Caves. In time, the first official abbot of the monastery, Barlaam of Kyiv, was called by Iziaslav to head a new monastery, St. Demetrios, which had been built at the gates of the city. The monks requested Anthony to name the replacement, and he named Theodosius. As the number
1290887
Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'


1685, and transferred into the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Moscow by the Ecumenical Patriarch, Dionysius IV, in 1686. This resulted in a large Council that convened in Kiev declaring the election invalid and the ordination illicit and a 'canonical offense' because it occurred without the knowledge of the Ecumenical Patriarch. Patriarch Dositheos of Jerusalem, who acted as a negotiator between Constantinople and Moscow proved critical, declared to his counterpart and Russian Ambassador “to grant...Kiev in trust (ἐπιτροπικῶς) to the Moscovite due to the prevailing tyranny
20987222
Jonah of Moscow


Western province: in 1458, the Uniate Patriarch Gregory Mammas of Constantinople appointed the Uniate bishop Gregory metropolitan of the newly established Uniate Kiev metropolitanate. The Patriarch gave the new Metropolitan the title of the Metropolitan of Kiev, Galich and All Rus'. The Polish-Lithuanian rulers, under whose domain Kiev then fell, supported Gregory. Jonah died on March 31, 1461 and was buried in the Cathedral of the Dormition in the Moscow Kremlin. He was canonized by Macarius, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, at the
5963369
Kiev Oblast


Kiev Oblast or Kyiv Oblast (, translit. "Kyivs’ka oblast’"; also referred to as Kyivshchyna – ) is an oblast (province) in central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Kiev (, "Kyiv"), which also serves as the capital of Ukraine. Despite being located in the center of the Kiev Oblast, and hosting the governing bodies of the oblast, Kiev itself is a self-governing city with special status and not under oblast jurisdiction. Kiev Oblast neither corresponds
17693883
History of Kiev


only for a period of two years, the city of Kiev to the Tsardom of Russia. The Eternal Peace of 1686 acknowledged the status quo and put Kiev under the control of Russia for the centuries to come. Kiev slowly lost its autonomy, which was finally abolished in 1775 by the Empress Catherine the Great. None of the Polish-Russian treaties concerning Kiev have ever been ratified. In 1834, St. Vladimir University was established in Kiev (now known as National Taras Shevchenko University of Kiev). The Ukrainian poet Taras
17053110
Legal status and local government of Kiev


represented on the lowest raions level of city authority. There are State Administrations, Internal Affairs (police) Department and other executive bodies in each of Kiev's raions. Kiev hosts most of the governing bodies of the Kiev Oblast (which are generally separate from the city government). Separately, Kiev also serves as the administrative center of the lower-level Kiev-Sviatoshyn Raion (district) of the Kiev Oblast as the former is a purely suburban area lacking a distinct central settlement. Healthcare and other public services infrastructure of
2933648
Gupteswor Cave, Parbat


inside the cave, the statue of Pandava in rocks, Mahadev and Parvati, Saraswati, Nageswor and other goddess statues are interesting to see. It is considered to be one of the longest caves in Nepal. Most of the inside part of the cave is made up of deposition of calcium carbonate dissolved from surrounding limestone, with ground water which is a general concept of forming most of the cave. All statues and all portraits which can be seen inside the cave are natural. Chaite Dashain and Mahashivaratri are the most important days
21722420
Ephraim of Antioch


by the "comes Orientis". Ephraim wrote to Anthimus, Archbishop of Trebizond, prior to his consecration as patriarch of Constantinople on the natures of Christ and the heresy of Eutychianism, and reminded him of the importance of the Council of Chalcedon. Later, Anthimus became patriarch in 535 and adopted non-Chalcedonianism, which led Ephraim to send Sergius of Reshaina with a letter to Rome to meet with Pope Agapetus I and warn him that non-Chalcedonians had secured control of the Churches of Alexandria and Constantinople. Agapetus consequently intervened
3953085
Pope Agapetus I


Orders of the Arians. A third is addressed to the bishops of Africa, on the same subject. The fourth is a response to Reparatus, Bishop of Carthage, who had sent him congratulations upon his elevation to the Pontificate. Shortly afterwards, Agapetus fell ill and died on 22 April 536, after a reign of just ten months. His remains were brought in a lead coffin to Rome and deposited in St. Peter's Basilica. On the Clivus Scauri the archeological remains known as the 'apsidal Hall of the Library of
4355172
Pope Agapetus II


concerned at Berengar’s growing power. However, when Otto’s envoys, the bishops of Mainz and Chur, were sent to the pope to discuss Otto’s reception in Rome and other more important questions, they were turned away by Alberic. Agapetus was forced to intervene in the dispute over the occupancy of the See of Reims. He ordered a synod to be held at Ingelheim in June 948 to resolve the rights of the rival claimants, Hugh of Vermandois and Artald of Reims. He sent his legate Marinus of Bomarzo to
4355364
Basilica of the Annunciation


church. Inside, the lower level contains the Grotto of the Annunciation, believed by many Christians to be the remains of the original childhood home of Mary. Under Roman Catholic canon law, the church enjoys the status of a minor basilica. A historically significant site, considered sacred within some circles of Christianity, particularly Catholicism, the basilica attracts many Catholic, Anglican, and Eastern Orthodox Christian visitors every year. The first shrine was probably built sometime in the middle of the 4th century, comprising an altar in the cave in
2323198
Dambulla cave temple


over five caves, which contain statues and paintings. These paintings and statues are related to Gautama Buddha and his life. There are a total of 153 Buddha statues, three statues of Sri Lankan kings and four statues of gods and goddesses. The latter include Vishnu and the Ganesha. The murals cover an area of . Depictions on the walls of the caves include the temptation by the demon Mara, and Buddha's first sermon. Prehistoric Sri Lankans would have lived in these cave complexes before the arrival of Buddhism in Sri Lanka
9347053
St. Theodosius Russian Orthodox Cathedral


Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken, and Meryl Streep. Saint Theodosius of Chernigov, the patron saint to which the cathedral is dedicated, was born in the early 1630s in Podolia. The name given to him in baptism is unknown. He was educated at the Brotherhood Monastery in Kiev. He became a monk at the Kiev Caves Monastery and named Theodosius, in honor of Theodosius of Kiev. He was later ordained as a celibate priest at the Saint Nicholas Krupytskyi Monastery near Baturyn. In 1662, he was appointed hegumen of
13141385
Feofaniya Clinical Hospital


Feofaniya Clinical Hospital () is a hospital of State Management of Affairs of Ukraine which designated to provide medical service to Ukrainian officials. It is located on the southern outskirts of Kiev next to village of Novosilky of the Kiev-Sviatoshyn Raion. Next to the hospital also is located the Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The hospital was officially opened on February 9, 1965 at the New Apiary farmstead (Nova Pasika khutir) which is former property of the Kiev Cave Monastery next to the Holosiiv Forest
4730677
Old Kiev


also included the city of Izyaslav around the Saint Michael's Golden Dome Monastery and the Kopyrev End. After the Mongol devastation of the city, the Upper City lost its significance and the Kiev city center was transferred to Podil. During the Polish-Russian War in the 17th century, the city was secured by Russia through financial compensation. During that time the Upper city was reinforced with a number of fortifications when Kiev started to quarter a Russian garrison. However soon the garrison was transferred to Pechersk (Caves) and fortifications were
4942731
Skjalm Hvide


") (c. 1106–1134), who saw Canute as a rival to the Danish throne. Canute's murder took place just days before the birth of his son, Valddemar (14 January 1131 – 12 May 1182). Valdemar's mother, Ingeborg of Kiev, daughter of Grand Prince Mstislav I of Kiev and Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden, named the son as "Valdemar" after her grandfather, Vladimir Monomakh, Grand Prince of Kiev. Canute was canonized in 1169 by Pope Alexander III. As Canute's son, and
3252076
Legal status and local government of Kiev


term of office of the heads of villages and towns and the council members of these villages and towns is five years. Kiev City State Administration is the national-level branch of the Government of Ukraine that administers Kiev, the capital of Ukraine — a "City with special status". The President of Ukraine appoints the Head of the City State Administration. Traditionally, unlike other similar appointments in Ukraine, this appointment was purely formal, because the Constitutional Court of Ukraine ruled that the elected city mayor was to be also appointed
2933646
Administrative divisions of Ukraine


status of the mayor of Kiev is somewhat more complex, and for further information see Legal status and local government of Kiev. The status of Sevastopol is also unique. Almost every oblast has at least one city of regional subordination (importance), which is the administrative center (capital) of that oblast. However, some other big cities within the oblast may have such status as well. The cities of oblast subordination have the same importance of a raion, and often are the administrative centers of such. In addition to
7063178
Pope Vigilius


appointed Vigilius papal representative (apocrisiary) at Constantinople. Empress Theodora sought to win him as a confederate to revenge the deposition of the Monophysite Patriarch Anthimus I of Constantinople by Agapetus and also to gain aid for her efforts in behalf of the Monophysites. Vigilius is said to have agreed to the plans of the intriguing empress who promised him the Papal See and a large sum of money (700 pounds of gold). While Vigilius was in Constantinople, Pope Agapetus died on 22 April 536, and Pope Silverius had been made pope
16324118
Ostrogothic Papacy


be spent during a papal election (an early example of campaign finance reform). In fact, Athalaric himself was able to engineer the election of Pope Silverius, the son of Pope Hormisdas, upon John II's death. Theodahad threw his support behind Pope Agapetus I and was thus "well placed to coerce the new pope Agapetus, for he had been elected with his support." Theodahad also played a decisive role in the selection of Pope Silverius (536-537), the legitimate son of Hormisdas. After Justinian
17465800
Milo of Verona


he was rejected by the Milanese, who elected one Adalman. Milo, looking to weaken Manasses as bishop of Verona by distracting him elsewhere, lent support to Adalman. For the next five years, Manasses was preoccupied with the conflict over Milan. Milo took advantage of the Milanese quarrel to negotiate his own economic control of the diocese of Verona. With the consent of Pope Agapetus II, he had his young nephew Milo, son of the count of Lomello, made bishop of Verona. He received from Agapetus the necessary dispensation
3242233
Severus of Antioch


Justinian, in the winter of 534/535, Severus travelled to Constantinople alongside Peter of Apamea and the monk Zooras. At this time, Anthimus, Archbishop of Trebizond, was consecrated Patriarch of Constantinople and refused to affirm the Council of Chalcedon. Severus successfully convinced Anthimus to adopt a position in line with himself and Pope Theodosius I of Alexandria. Severus' fortunes were quickly overturned as Pope Agapetus I of Rome arrived at Constantinople in March 536. Agapetus swayed Justinian to adopt a firm Chalcedonian position and Anthimus was replaced by Menas. Menas
4444913
Thousand Buddha Mountain


: Longquan (Dragon Spring) Cave, Jile (Extremely Happy) Cave, Qianlou (probably a person's name) Cave, and Luzhu (probably a person's name) Cave. The caves' height ranges from 3 meters down to only 20 centimeters. About 130 Buddha statues which were carved into Thousand-Buddha Cliff during the Sui period remain today. The Jile Cave houses 16 Buddha statues, the tallest of which is 3 m high. Along with the Buddha statues, temples and other buildings were erected on the
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