Siau scops owl [SEP] IUCN conservation status
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Siau scops owl


The Siau scops owl ("Otus siaoensis") is a critically endangered owl and may be extinct. They live on Siau Island, north of Sulawesi, Indonesia and are (were) forest dwellers. The species is only known from a single holotype from 1866 although there have been some local reports in recent years. Even so, their habitat is being lost to excessive logging of the forest on the island and there would be very few if any individuals left. The taxonomic arrangement for this owl has not been fully worked
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Mantanani scops owl


The Mantanani scops owl ("Otus mantananensis"), is a small owl in the scops-owl genus "Otus" found on small islands between Borneo and the Philippines. It is listed by the IUCN as "near threatened" because its range is limited with its population being fragmented on several different islands, and its forest habitat is being degraded by ongoing logging and clearance. Various subspecies have been described, including the nominate from the Mantanani Islands, and "O. m. sibutuensis" (Sharpe, 1893) from the
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Torotoroka scops owl


taxonomy is in state of flux but recent genetic studies have placed the Pemba scops owl closer to the clade containing the African scops owl "Otus sengalensis", while the Mayotte scops owl is clearly separate from the remaining two. The status of the rainforest and Torotoroka scops owls as separate species is debatable as there may be very little genetic distance between the two taxa and subsequent studies have suggested that the plumage differences between "rutilus" and "madgascarensis" are small and that their voices intergrade. If that is the case then
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Deepal Warakagoda


25 years. He discovered a new species of bird endemic to Sri Lanka, the Serendib Scops owl. His expertise in vocalizations had enabled him to realize that an owl he heard calling near Kitulgala rain forest was an unknown species, and he later saw this bird in January 2001 in the Sinharaja rain forest with assistance of a few. He surrounded the bird's habitat and took photographs while it was roosting under a thick bush.This new found species of Scops owls are now on the IUCN red list. However the validity
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Giant scops owl


species. The giant scops owl is rated as "Vulnerable" by the IUCN in its Red List of Threatened Species. This is because the population is declining as its forest habitat is destroyed by deforestation and by the mining of chromite. This bird was never a common species and it is thought that in 1999 there were between 3,500 and 15,000 individuals remaining. Of the three islands on which it is found, Dinagat has been almost completely denuded of forest, while on Samar and Mindanao almost all the remaining forest is leased to
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Pemba scops owl


caught on the ground after a short glide from a perch. The breeding behaviour is almost unknown, although it possibly breeds between August and October and nests in natural holes in trees. The Pemba scops owl is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN because it is restricted to Pemba, the population continues tio decline and there is a loss of habitat as local farmer clear plantations to make way for open agricultural fields and is now it is largely confined to the two small remaining native forests; Ngezi () and Msitu Mkuu ()
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Tarsier


nocturnal insects that make up the tarsier's diet. The conservation status of all tarsiers is vulnerable to extinction. Tarsiers are a conservation dependent species meaning that they need to have more and improved management of protected habitats or they will definitely become extinct in the future. The 2008-described Siau Island tarsier in Indonesia is regarded as Critically Endangered and was listed among The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates by Conservation International and the IUCN/SCC Primate Specialist Group in 2008. The Malaysian government protects tarsiers by listing them in the Totally Protected Animals
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Mayotte scops owl


. The habitat of the Mayotte scops owl is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. The Mayotte scops owl has been considered to be conspecific with the Pemba scops owl "Otus pembaensis", the Anjouan scops owl "Otus capnodes" rainforest scops owl and the Torotoroka scops owl "Otus madagacarensis" under "O. rutilus" but this species has now been split and the Mayotte scops owl is now regarded as its own species, mainly based on its very different call. The scops owls of Madagascar, Comoros and Seychelles form a
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Pallid scops owl


The pallid scops owl ("Otus brucei") is a small scops owl ranging from the Middle East to West and Central Asia, sometimes called the striated scops owl. The pallid scops owl is a small eared owl similar in appearance to the Eurasian scops owl but with more distinct streaks on the back and less intricate markings. The pallid scops owl ranges from the Middle East to West and Central Asia, with some populations moving as far as the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, and Pakistan in the winter. It inhabits semi
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African scops owl


The African scops owl ("Otus senegalensis") is a small owl which is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. William John Swainson first described the species in 1837 from a specimen collected in Senegal, and initially assigned it to the now defunct genus "Scops". Today the species is assigned to the genus "Otus". There are three subspecies currently recognised: The African scops owl was formerly regarded as the African subspecies of the scops owl. It was grouped with the Arabian scops owl, Socotra scops owl,
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Rainforest scops owl


The rainforest scops owl ("Otus rutilus"), also known as the Malagasy scops owl or Madagascar scops owl, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in a large part of eastern Madagascar, but the exact distribution limits between it and the Torotoroka scops owl ("O. madagascariensis"), with which it was long considered conspecific, require further study. The rainforest scops owl is a relatively small owl with short, rounded wings and short erectile ear tufts on top of the head.
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Eurasian scops owl


The Eurasian scops owl ("Otus scops"), also known as the European scops owl or just scops owl, is a small owl. This species is a part of the larger grouping of owls known as typical owls, Strigidae, which contains most species of owl. The other grouping is the barn owls, Tytonidae. The scientific name is from the Latin "otus" for an eared owl and Ancient Greek "skopos", "watcher". This bird breeds in southern Europe eastwards into western and central Asia
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Indian scops owl


The Indian scops owl ("Otus bakkamoena") is a resident species of owl found in the southern regions of Asia. This species formerly included the collared scops owl ("Otus lettia"). The species epithet is derived from "bakamuna", the Sinhalese name for the white barn owl "(Tyto alba)", and the brown fish owl "(Ketupa zeylonensis)". The Indian scops owl is a small (23–25 cm) owl, although it is one of the largest of the scops owls
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Zvezdara Forest


of the birds which nest in the protected area, with another 9 species in the rest of the forest. In winter and during the migration, another 9 species settles in the forest. Protected species include common buzzard, tawny owl, long-eared owl, scops owl and little owl. Protected mammal species are northern white-breasted hedgehog (which has been chosen as the symbol of the forest) and European mole. Zvedara forest is protected as the natural monument (IUCN Category III), which many consider to be
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Sandy scops owl


land. The sandy scops owl is a very rare and liitle known bird, It is probably crepuscular and insectivorous feeding largely grasshoppers and crickets. The breeding is probably from in February–March. Two subspecies are currently recognised. The sandy scops owl is thought to be basal in the lineage of the genus "Otus", along with the Sokoke scops owl "Otus ireneae", but there has been no genetic material for testing from the sandy scops owl. In addition some authorities consider that the subspecies of sandy scops owl
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African scops owl


wingspan of . The African scops owl gives a monotonous quivering distinctive "prrrp" at five second intervals. The migrant Eurasian scops owl is very similar to the African scops owl; though it averages slightly larger, it may not be distinguishable in the field. The African scops owl is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. It ranges from sea level to in elevation, and is found in wooded habitats and forest edge, including in gardens and mangroves. The African scops owl is strictly nocturnal. During the day, it perches
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Collared scops owl


species of owl. The other grouping is the barn owls, Tytonidae. The collared scops owl is a common breeding bird in forests and other well-wooded areas. It nests in a hole in a tree, laying 3-5 eggs. The collared scops owl is a small (23–25 cm) owl, although it is the largest of the scops owls. Like other scops owls, it has small head tufts, or "ears". The upperparts are grey or brown, depending on the subspecies, with faint
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Karthala scops owl


The Karthala scops owl ("Otus pauliani"), also known as Grand Comoro scops owl or Comoro scops owl, is a small, scops owl endemic to the island of Grande Comore in the Comoro Islands. The Karthala scops owl lacks ear tufts and come in two colour forms, a light morph and a dark morph. The light morph is dark greyish brown on the upperparts with fine barring and pale spots along the scapulars. The underparts are reddish buff with a dense pattern of fine barring on the flight feathers and
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Torotoroka scops owl


similar to the rainforest scops owl "Otus rutilus", and possibly indistinguishable from it. This taxon is endemic to the south and eastern parts of Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests, as well as man-made habitats such as parks, up to 2000m above sea level. The Torotoroka scops owl, the Mayotte scops owl "Otus mayottensis", the Pemba scops owl "Otus pembaensis" and the rainforest scops owl "Otus rutilus" have all previously been lumped as one species. The
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Socotra scops owl


The Socotra scops owl was previously lumped with the African scops owl "Otus senegalensis" but differences in plumage and vocalisations have led to it being split. Recent genetic research suggests that its closest relatives are the Oriental scops owl and the Seychelles scops owl "Otus insularis". An interesting theory this research has led to is that the oriental scops owl is a taxon which evolved from a colonisation of a continent from island ancestors, an event which had previously been thought unlikely because island taxa were thought to be less competitive than related
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Socotra scops owl


The Socotra scops owl ("Otus socotranus") is a small owl endemic to the island of Socotra. A very small scops owl which is heavily streaked and barred on its pale sandy-grey upperparts, paler underparts with darker shaft streaks and fine, dark barring. The plain facial disc has vague margins and the shoulder stripe is not as conspicuous as in other scops owls and are sandy coloured. The ear tufts are very small and the eyes are yellow. Length is . The song of the Socotra scops owl is
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Torotoroka scops owl


The Torotoroka scops owl ("Otus madagascariensis") is a taxon of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to Madagascar, and was previously regarded as its own species. However, "O. madagascariensis" and the rainforest scops owl "Otus. rutilus" have now been re-lumped following Fuchs et al. (2007) as the Madagascar scops owl or Malagasy scops owl. The scientific name of the combined species is yet to be agreed, although "rutilus" would appear to be have priority. Very
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Nicobar scops owl


The Nicobar scops owl ("Otus alius") is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to the Nicobar Islands, India, in particular Great Nicobar Island, but it may also occur on Little Nicobar Island. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests. It has an uncertain status but is thought to be rare or endangered. It was originally discovered by Pamela C. Rasmussen in 1998. Very little is known about this species, but individuals have been reported to consume spiders, beetles, and
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São Tomé scops owl


The São Tomé scops owl ("Otus hartlaubi") is a species of owl in the true owl (a.k.a. Strigidae) family. Within that family, this owl is in the genus "Otus", the scops owls; this is the genus of owls having the largest number of species. The São Tomé scops owl is a small, secretive owl with small ear-tufts. It has light reddish-brown facial disc with a white chin and white eyebrows. The crown and upper-parts are chestnut with
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Scops owl


as is to be expected from a group that has apparently conserved its ecomorphology since before its evolutionary radiation. As almost all scops and screech owls today, their common ancestor was in all probability already a small owl, with ear tufts and at least the upper tarsus ("leg") feathered. However that may be, the hypothesis that the group evolved from Old World stock is tentatively supported by cytochrome "b" sequence data. While late 19th-century ornithologists knew little of the variation of these cryptic birds which often
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Giant scops owl


The giant scops owl, lesser eagle-owl, or Mindanao eagle-owl ("Otus gurneyi") is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. In size and structure, it is considered intermediate between a scops owl and an eagle-owl. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. The giant scops owl was originally described as "Pseudoptynx gurneyi", and later as "Mimizuku gurneyi". it is now part
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Rainforest scops owl


mostly at night from a perch but will also catch moths on the wing. It roosts during the day, hidden in dense foliage, on a branch or next to the tree trunk. Little is known about the breeding biology of this species, the nest is in a hole in a tree trunk and 3-4 white eggs are laid, probably in November - December. The rainforest scops owl, the Mayotte scops owl "Otus mayottensis", the Pemba scops owl "Otus pembaensis" and the torotoroka scops owl "
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Scops owl


of species. Scops owls in the modern sense are restricted to the Old World. A single North American species, the flammulated owl, was provisionally placed in "Otus" and has now been moved to its own monotypic genus. See below for details. As usual for owls, female scops owls are usually larger than the males of their species, with owls of both sexes being compact in size and shape. All of the birds in this genus are small and agile. Scops owls are colored in various brownish hues,
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Moheli scops owl


The Moheli scops owl ("Otus moheliensis") is a scops owl endemic to the island of Mohéli, one of the Comoro Islands. The Moheli scops owl has two colour morphs, the rufous morph has reddish-brown plumage which is and weakly marked with dark streaks and bars; the brown morph has a darker brown plumage, which is boldly marked with streaks and vermiculations. Both morphs have yellow-green eyes, grey legs and black beaks. The length is . The Moheli scops owl is highly vocal, producing
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Siau Island tarsier


the chain. Each of the three island clusters mentioned above were surveyed for the presence of tarsiers in 2004 and 2005, but tarsiers were only observed on Siau. It was furthermore elaborated upon that the original description of "T. sangirensis" included mention of a specimen from Siau in the Dresden Museum. Thus it was argued for further investigations of the Siau tarsier to see if it was taxonomically separable from "T. sangirensis". The Sangihe Islands are known for their critically endangered avifauna, and concerns about the conservation status of the
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São Tomé scops owl


from the African scops owl ("Otus senegalensis") and the flute sounds of the Eurasian scops owl ("Otus scops") This owl species is endemic to São Tomé Island, which is part of São Tomé and Príncipe, in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. This owl's natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests where it is relatively widespread and the population is probably several hundred birds. This species of owl is the only
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Everett's scops owl


Everett's scops owl ("Otus everetti") is an owl, endemic to the Philippines, belonging to the family of the typical owls Strigidae. Everett's scops owls feed at night on insects. They live alone or in monogamous pairs. They breed throughout the year, laying clutches of 1-2 eggs. They nest in trees holes of forests of the Philippine lowlands. They are found on Bohol, Samar, Biliran, Leyte, Mindanao and Basilan. They were formerly classified as a subspecies of the Philippine scops
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African scops owl


and the Annobon scops owl into "Otus senegalensis"; however these species are now considered to be separate. The African scops owl is a small owl, measuring in length. It is typically greyish-brown, though sometimes pale rufous or warmer brown, and is cryptically marked with streaks and mottling. Its grey facial disk has a narrow black edge, and its eyes are yellow. It has ear tufts, which are generally kept lowered unless the bird is disturbed. The African scops owl is around in length with a
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Mayotte scops owl


The Mayotte scops owl ("Otus mayottensis") is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to the island of Mayotte in the Comoros. The Mayotte scops owl is very similar to the rainforest scops owl "Otus rutilus" with which it was once considered conspecific. The upperparts are plain brown marked with faint light spots while the underparts are paler brown than the upperparts. The facial disk is also brownish with a contrasting darker rim restricted to just the sides and not seen above the eyes. The
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Pemba scops owl


The Pemba scops owl ("Otus pembaensis") is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to Pemba Island which is part of and off the coast of Tanzania. The Pemba scops owl is a medium-sized scops-owl with short ear-tufts. There are two colour morphs, a brown morph which is mainly pale rufous-brown with light streaking on head and faint barring om paler underparts and a rufous morph which is a bright, rich rufous, that is paler on the underwing
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Oriental scops owl


The oriental scops owl ("Otus sunia") is a species of scops owl found in eastern and southern Asia. This is a small, variable plumaged, yellow eyed owl with ear-tufts which are not always erect. It can be distinguish from the collared scops owl by its whitish scapular stripe, well marked underparts, and lack of pale collar. There are two colour morphs, grey and rufous; intermediate forms also occur. Sexes are alike. Individuals may freeze with eyes half closed when disturbed. The species
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Scops owl


long-standing presence of these birds in the Americas, while coeval scops owl fossils very similar to the Eurasian scops-owl have been found at S'Onix on the Spanish island Majorca. The scops and screech owl lineage probably evolved at some time during the Miocene (like most other genera of typical owls), and the three (see below) modern lineages separated perhaps roughly 5 million years ago. Note that there is no reliable estimate of divergence time, as "Otus" and "Megascops" are osteologically very similar,
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Anjouan scops owl


The Anjouan scops owl ("Otus capnodes") is an owl endemic to the island of Anjouan in the Comoro Islands. The Anjouan scops owl occurs in grey and rufous colour phases and has very small ear tufts compared to other scops owls. The grey form is sooty grey with fine buff bars on the head and neck, a dark brown face with fine streaks and brown underparts with very fine brown streaks and vermiculations. The tail and flight feathers are sooty grey. The rufous form is browner and the marking contrast more
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Mantanani scops owl


Sulu islands. It has sometimes been considered to be a race of the Eurasian scops owl or the oriental scops owl. This owl is about 180 mm long, with a wing length of about 155 mm. It has a buff facial disk with a narrow, dark border. It has dark brown upperparts with pale markings on the scapulars, and pale underparts with dark streaks and barring. It has yellow irides, grey feet and bill, and feathered tarsi. The Mantanani scops owl is endemic to small islands between the Malaysian
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Biak scops owl


The Biak scops owl is an owl endemic to the twin islands of Biak-Supiori in Geelvink Bay, Papua (formerly Irian Jaya), Indonesia. It is classified as Vulnerable due to its very small range and destruction of its habitat. Biak Scops Owls (Scops beccarii Salvadori) are 20–25 cm birds from the Genus Outs contain 45 other species. Biak Scops are frequently seen as dark brown and dark rufous forms with long ear tufts and pale a whitish brown facial disc. Baik's are very small creatures, but have
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Japanese scops owl


The Japanese scops owl ("Otus semitorques") is an owl which is a resident breeder in Japan. It is also found in China, Korea and Russia. This species is a part of the larger grouping of owls known as typical owls, Strigidae, which contains over 90% of owl species. The other grouping is the barn owls, Tytonidae. It is very similar to the slightly smaller collared scops owl, "O. bakkamoena" of which it is sometimes considered a race. It nests in tree holes.
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Serendib scops owl


hunts insects (e.g. beetles and moths) close to the ground. It begins calling at dusk, its frequency rising again some two hours before dawn. Unlike the other two species of scops owl in Sri Lanka, Indian scops owl ("Otus bakkamoena") and oriental scops owl ("Otus sunia"), it does not have ear tufts and its facial disc is only weakly defined. The general colour of this 16.5 cm long, short-tailed owl is reddish brown with paler underparts, spotted all over with
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Dietary biology of the Eurasian eagle-owl


European owls to favor non-rodent prey are the European scops owl ("Otus scops") and little owl ("Athene noctua"), both of which most regularly consume invertebrates. However, little owls also take rodents and small mammals, especially in the winter months (while scops owl migrate to Africa for the winter). The European owls with the most similar diets to eagle-owls are tawny ("Strix aluco") and Ural owls ("Strix uralensis"), although both are considerably smaller
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Mascarene owls


The Mascarene owls were those belonging to the genus Mascarenotus. They were restricted to islands in the Indian Ocean. All three species, the Réunion owl, Mauritius owl, and Rodrigues owl, are now extinct. Recent genetic studies indicate that the three species in the genus actually belong in the genus "Otus", which contains the typical scops owls. They are likely descended from the lineage of the oriental scops-owl ("O. sunia"), and share common ancestry with the scops owls found in Madagascar and the
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Indian scops owl


. Like other scops owls, it has small head tufts, or "ears". The upperparts are grey or brown, depending on the morph, with faint buff spotting. The underparts are buff with fine darker streaking. The facial disc is whitish or buff, and the eyes are orange or brown. There is a buff neckband. Sexes are similar. The flight is deeply undulating. This species is very similar to the slightly larger partially migratory collared scops owl "Otus lettia" and the oriental scops owl "Otus
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Mayotte scops owl


crown is brown with darker streaks and the flanks are more reddish-brown with short dark streaks. The eyes are yellow. The body length is . The call of the Mayotte scops owl is a series of 3–11 deep, single hoots. The Mayotte scops owl is endemic to the island of Mayotte in the Comoros. where it is common and widespread The population of the Mayotte scops owl is thought to be stable as there is no evidence for any declines or of any substantial threats, thus it is categorised a Least Concern
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Rinjani scops owl


parties independently concluded that the calls differed substantially from those of "O. magicus" and other Asian scops owls. In 2008 photographs and more sound recordings were obtained by Bram Demeulemeester and Philippe Verbelen. Another sound recording was obtained in August 2011 by Jan van der Laan. Detailed comparison of the Everett specimens and the later sound recordings with those of other scops owls found in Wallacea and the Indo-Malayan region indicated that the Lombok owls constituted a previously undescribed species and provided the basis for the 2013 description. The Rinjani scops owl
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Scops owl


scops owl ("Otus thilohoffmanni"), were discovered because their vocalizations were unfamiliar to experts in bird-calls. The genus name is from the Latin "otus" for an eared owl. Due to a nomenclatorial dispute, the generic name "Scops" is not used by either the scops or the screech owls (which when only a few species were known were placed together), nor by any other animal. In 1760, Mathurin Jacques Brisson had established the genus "Scopus" for the hamerkop, a peculiar
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Karthala scops owl


its call, otherwise almost unknown. It has relatively weak talons so probably feeds on insects and other invertebrates. It is though to nest in tree cavities. It has an estimated population of 2,000. It is classified as "Endangered" due to it being restricted to such a small area, which is being rapidly deforested. The Karthala scops owl was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the Madagascar scops owl "Otus rutilus", but with the other Comoro Islands scops owls it is now regarded as a separate species.
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Seychelles scops owl


The Seychelles scops owl ("Otus insularis"), also known as bare-legged scops owl or syer (in Creole) is a rare scops owl species, which only occurs in the Morne Seychellois National Park on the Seychelles island of Mahé. It reaches a length between 19 and 22 cm. The wings are about 17 cm. Its plumage is rufous brown and exhibits black shaft streaks. The underparts and the facial disc are rufous. The long grey legs are unfeathered. The eyes are large and golden yellow.
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Socotra scops owl


a repeated, low pitched series of notes which is similar to that described for the oriental scops owl "Otus sunia". The Socotra scops owl is endemic to the Indian Ocean island of Socotra off the Horn of Africa, which is within the territory of Yemen. On Socotra it is found over 45% of the island, most numerous in areas where there are mature palms On Socotra its preferred habitat is rocky semi-desert with scattered trees and bushes. Very little is known about the behaviour of the Socotra scops owl
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Luzon hawk-owl


insects and small rodents. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) uses the taxonomy classification before splitting the Philippine hawk-owl complex was suggested, so it does not have a separate assessment for the Luzon hawk-owl. However, the IUCN treating the complex as a single species report that these owls have a large range and that they are locally common within that range and the population size is believed to be stable. The owls face no particular threats, and as a result, the IUCN has listed the
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Collared scops owl


The collared scops owl ("Otus lettia") is an owl which is a resident breeder in south Asia from northern Pakistan, northern India, Bangladesh and the Himalayas east to south China. It is partially migratory, with some birds wintering in India, Sri Lanka and Malaysia. This species was formerly considered to be included within what is now separated as the Indian scops owl ("Otus bakkamoena"). This species is a part of the larger grouping of owls known as typical owls, Strigidae, which contains most
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Scops owl


Though there was some debate about the reliability of these findings at first, they have been confirmed by subsequent studies. In 2003, the AOU formally re-accepted the genus "Megascops" again. The flammulated owl has been found to be marginally closer to the screech owls than to the scops owls, but by no means robustly or reliably so. If the scops and screech owl clade indeed originated in the Old World, the flammulated owl's ancestors either colonized the Americas independently from but at about the same time and from
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Rinjani scops owl


dominates Lombok. The owls are also known locally as "burung pok", referring onomatopoeically to the call. As with most other "Otus" owls, the Rinjani scops owl is mainly brown in colour, barred and spotted in various shades with white. It is largely similar in appearance to the Moluccan scops owl, "O. magicus", but has a different call, a clean whistling hoot rather than the raspy croak of "O. magicus". Seven specimens of the owl were obtained from May to July in 1896
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African scops owl


close to the trunk of a tree. When roosting in daylight, this species closes its eyes and extends its ear tufts to give the impression of a tree branch, making it easily overlooked. Pairs sometimes roost together. The African scops owl is not as territorial as the Eurasian scops owl and will nest in loose aggregations, with the nest sites relatively close to each other. The male and female may duet, calling all night both before and after leaving the roost site. The African scops owl lays four to six eggs
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Eurasian eagle-owl


for the nestlings as well. Continuing parental care for the young is provided by both adults for about five months. There are at least a dozen subspecies of Eurasian eagle-owl. With a total range in Europe and Asia of about 32 million square kilometres (12 million square miles) and a total population estimated to be between 250 thousand and 2.5 million, the IUCN lists the bird's conservation status as being of "least concern". The vast majority of eagle-owls live in mainland Europe, Russia and Central
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São Miguel scops owl


The São Miguel scops owl ("Otus frutuosoi") is a small extinct owl that once inhabited the island of São Miguel, in the Macaronesian archipelago of the Azores, in the North Atlantic Ocean. It scientific specific name honours the 16th-century Azorean historian Gaspar Frutuoso. The owl was described from subfossil bones. It is the first extinct owl species to be described from the Azores and only the second (the first being the Madeiran scops owl) from Macaronesia. The describers suggest that the most likely cause of extinction
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White-fronted scops owl


The white-fronted scops owl ("Otus sagittatus") is a small Asian owl in the family Strigidae. It has a small and declining population about which little is known, and is dependent on lowland and foothill forests which are rapidly being destroyed. This species of owl is considered vulnerable and has a population of about 2,500–10,000. Its range covers of forest from above sea-level. The white-fronted scops owl was described by the American ornithologist John Cassin in 1849 and given the binomial name "Ephialtes sagittatus"
21671430
Sandy scops owl


The sandy scops owl ("Otus icterorhynchus"), or cinnamon scops owl, is an owl form the familay Strigidae found in Africa. A small owl which has an overall pale rufous colour, a plain face, a pale yellow bill and yellow eyes. The pale stripe along the shoulders is quite obvious. the adults are pale rufous brown, finely spotted with white and barred with buff. The underparts are paler and more rufous with buff bars and white spots on the belly and vent. The tailail, flight feathers
21930969
Screech owl


of these birds in the Americas, while coeval scops owl fossils very similar to the Eurasian scops owl have been found at S'Onix on Majorca. The scops and screech owl lineage probably evolved at some time during the Miocene (like most other genera of typical owls), and the three (see below) modern lineages separated perhaps roughly 5 million years ago. Note that there is no reliable estimate of divergence time, as "Otus" and "Megascops" are osteologically very similar, as is to be expected from a group
8200113
Valbonë Valley National Park


. Important birds of prey with high conservation value include the golden eagle, booted eagle, egyptian vulture, sparrowhawk, goshawk, lanner falcon, saker falcon, peregrine falcon and honey buzzard. The park hosts seven species and populations owls, such as the barn owl, scops owl, eagle owl, little owl, tawny owl, long-eared owl and short-eared owl. Other families of birds inhabiting the park include the alpine swift, alpine accentor, great cormorant, grey heron, rock partridge, common ringed plover
5906057
Scops owl


live in far-off places, with every new taxon being described a few differences between the Old and New World "scops" owls became more and more prominent. Namely, the scops owls give a whistling call or a row of high-pitched hoots with less than four individual hoots per second. This call is given in social interaction or when the owl tries to scare away other animals. The screech owls on the other hand are named for their piercing trills of more than four individual notes per second. They also
15265493
Northern spotted owl


caused a 40-90 percent decline of the Northern Spotted Owl population. The worldwide IUCN Red List of Threatened Species status for the spotted owl species is "Near Threatened" with a decreasing population trend. As the IUCN Red List does not track subspecies, this status is applied to species across its whole range in Canada, the United States and Mexico. The Canadian population, declared endangered by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada under the 2002 Species at Risk Act, now numbers less than 100 breeding pairs
13865985
Scops owl


in the Philippines on May 14, 1994. No scops owls had previously known from this island, and given that new species of "Otus" are occasionally discovered, it may have been an undescribed taxon. On July 23, 2016 an unknown species of "Otus" owl was photographed on Príncipe. The image was published on Ornithomedia. As noted above, the fossil record of scops owls gives an incomplete picture of their evolution at present. While older sources cite many species of supposed extinct "Otus" (or "
15265500
Rainforest scops owl


owl is a series of between five and none short, reverberating, clear hoots which can be rendered as "pu-pu-pu-pu-pu", these are repeated at intervals of several seconds. The rainforest scops owl is endemic to Madagascar where it is found in the east of the island. As its common name suggests it prefers humid tropical forest and bush. The rainforest scops owl feeds on invertebrates, such as grasshoppers, beetles, moths and spiders; as well as taking small vertebrates. It hunts
8389339
Scops owl


African bird. Paul Möhring in 1758 had already used the name "Scops" for this bird however, and believing this name to be valid Morten Thrane Brünnich replaced "Scopus" with it in 1772. The scops and screech owls, which were placed in "Otus" by Thomas Pennant in 1769 (as he too believed that Moehring's "Scops" was valid) were moved to "Scops" by Marie Jules César Savigny in 1809. Lorenz Oken in 1817 changed this to "Scopus", also under the impression
15265488
Scops owl


sometimes with a lighter underside and/or face, which helps to camouflage them against the bark of trees. Some are polymorphic, occurring in a greyish- and a reddish-brown morph. Scops owls hunt from perches in semi-open landscapes. They prefer areas which contain old trees with hollows; these are home to their prey which includes insects, reptiles, small mammals such as bats and mice and other small birds. The owls will also eat earthworms, amphibians and aquatic invertebrates. Scops owls have a good sense of hearing which
15265484
Annobón scops owl


The Annobón scops owl ("Otus feae") is an owl endemic to the Equatorial Guinea island of Annobón. The current population is estimated to be around 50-249 individuals, with the population declining due to habitat alteration and destruction. When describing the species in 1903, Tommaso Salvadori noted that the birds were abundant in wooded areas at altitudes of 400–500 metres on the island. Few sightings of the bird have been reported since then. Little data is known about the Annobón scops owl. It is considered to have similar
2146429
Common buzzard


Known owl prey has included barn owls ("Tyto alba"), European scops owls ("Otus scops"), tawny owls ("Strix alucco"), little owls ("Athene noctua"), boreal owls ("Aegolius funereus"), long-eared owls ("Asio otus") and short-eared owls ("Asio flammeus"). Despite their relatively large size, tawny owls are known to avoid buzzards as there are several records of them preying upon the owls. Home ranges
3755375
Screech owl


that has apparently conserved its ecomorphology since before its evolutionary radiation. Like almost all scops and screech owls today, their common ancestor was in all probability already a small owl, with ear tufts and at least the upper tarsus ("leg") feathered. However that may be, the hypothesis that the group evolved from Old World stock is tentatively supported by cytochrome "b" sequence data. The screech-owls also have a different placement of the procoracoid (less of an anterior incline) and coracoid bones compared to other
8200114
Anjouan scops owl


with the plumage. Body length is and the wingspan is . The call of the Anjouan scops owl is a distinctive drawn-out whistle, which is repeated often with by short interludes, which has been likened to the "pee-oo" call of the grey plover. The Anjouan scops owl is found only on the island of Anjouan, Ndzuani in the local language, where it occurs in the remaining fragments of native upland forest, degraded forest and plantations. It appears to be dependent on large trees situated on steep
17658486
São Miguel scops owl


was human settlement in the 15th century, with its associated habitat destruction and the introduction of alien species. Compared with the Eurasian scops owl, the wings were smaller (two thirds the size of those of the Eurasian species), the legs longer (by 11.6%), and the pelvis both broader and shorter. It was also generally smaller than the Madeira Scops Owl. The proportions of its limbs and wing loading indicate that it lived mainly on the ground and had only weak powers of flight. The distinctive anatomical features
10474745
Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve


owls: Eurasian eagle owl Bubo bubo L., Eurasian scops owl Otus scops L., little owl Athene noctua Scop., 2 species of roller: roller Coracius garrulous L., common kingfisher Alcedo atthis L., 1 species of hoopoe: common hoopoe Upupa epops L., 5 species of woodpecker: Green woodpecker Picus canus Gm., white-backed woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos Bechst., middle spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos medius L., Eurasian three-toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus L. and 5 species of passerines: wood lark Lullula arborea (L.),
7458523
Scops owl


helps them locate their prey in any habitat. They also possess well-developed raptorial claws and a curved bill, both of which are used for tearing their prey into pieces small enough to swallow easily. Scops owls are primarily solitary birds. Most species lay and incubate their eggs in a cavity nest that was originally made by another animal. During the incubation period, the male will feed the female. These birds are monogamous, with biparental care, and only fledge one young per year. The young of most scops owls
15265485
Karthala scops owl


tail. The dark morph is overall dark chocolate brown but no specimen of a dark morph individual has been taken. It measures in length and the wingspan is . A whistled "toot" which is given repeatedly with one second intervals. Endemic to the island of Grande Comore, the Karthala scops owl is found only on Mount Karthala, an active volcano. Here it inhabits the montaine forest, some secondary growth and the tree heath above the forest. Nocturnal and very territorial, the Karthala scops owl will approach an imitation of
17658431
Serendib scops owl


fine black markings. The irides are tawny yellow (more orangish in male) and the feet are a pale fleshy colour. Tarsi are feathered for less than half their length. The claws and bill are a pale ivory colour. In 2006 and 2007, two papers were published by Sri Lankan ornithologists in the publication "Loris" questioning whether the Serendib scops owl was a distinct species from other scops owl species found in India, and if so, whether it was actually a new discovery or a rediscovery. The species has
19373905
Sandy scops owl


and greater upperwing coverts are rufous barred with black. Length is about , wingspan is . The sound is a long whistling "twooo" which descends in pitch. The sandy scops owl is found in equatorial west and central Africa and has a rather scattered distribution. It has been recorded from Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo and Central African Republic. The sandy scops owl occurs in lowland evergreen forest, open canopy forest and scrub, or in open forest mosaic
21930970
Rinjani scops owl


The Rinjani scops owl ("Otus jolandae") is a species of scops owl found only on Lombok in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia and its neighbouring Gili islands. The only bird species endemic to the island, it was first discovered in September 2003 and was formally described in 2013. The specific epithet "jolandae" honours Dr Jolanda Luksenburg, a biologist who codiscovered the species in 2003. Both the English common name and proposed Indonesian name "Celepuk Rinjani" refer to Mount Rinjani, the 3700 m active volcano that
6823122
Rinjani scops owl


by British naturalist Alfred Everett, who also used paid local collectors. However, at that time, the bird was not recognised as being specifically distinct from the Moluccan scops owl, which occurs on other islands in the Lesser Sundas. The Everett specimens are held in the British Natural History Museum (including the holotype) and the American Museum of Natural History. In September 2003 George Sangster and Jolanda Luksenburg saw, and recorded vocalisations of, scops owls on Lombok. In the same month Ben King did so as well. Both
6823124
Giant scops owl


ten calls, "wuaah, wuaah..." with the series repeated at ten to twenty second intervals. The giant scops owl is known only from the islands of Dinagat, Siargao and Mindanao in the Philippines. Although it has not yet been proven, it has been theorized that Giant Scops Owls also exist on Marinduque, situated off the island of Luzon. Its habitat is primary and secondary forests, mostly at an altitude of under although it has been seen up to . It sometimes frequents partially logged forests of "Dipterocarpaceae"
8389257
Seychelles scops owl


the population had dropped so drastically that it was thought to be extinct by 1906. In 1959 it was rediscovered by French naturalist Phillippe Loustau-Lalanne in a mountainous cloud forest in 200 m asl on Mahé. In 1999 the first nest was discovered but there was no breeding success. In 2000 the first infrared photograph was shot from a female with her juvenile. Due to the lack of information about the population this species was long regarded as critically endangered by the IUCN. Due to the discovery of further populations it was noticed
13670140
Dassault LOGIDUC


(UCAV). Each vehicle was given an owl name as "Duc" ("duke") is the French name of a nocturnal bird of prey species known in Latin as "Otus" aka Scops owl. "Petit Duc" ("small duke") stands for scops owl, "Moyen Duc" ("medium duke") stands for long-eared owl and "Grand Duc" ("large duke") is eagle owl. Other Dassault aircraft with bird names are the Dassault MD 315 Flamant
17866430
Eurasian eagle-owl


white-faced scops owl found in Africa, although firmly ensconced in the scops owl group, appear to share some characteristics with the eagle-owls. The "Strix" is also related to the "Bubo" and is considered a "sister complex", with the "Pulsatrix" possibly being intermediate between the two. The Eurasian eagle-owl appears to represent an expansion of the genus "Bubo" into the Eurasian continent. A few of the other species of "Bubo" seem to have been derived from the
20575152
Scops owl


Scops owls are typical owls (family Strigidae) mostly belonging to the genus "Otus". Approximately 45 living species are known, but new ones are frequently recognized and unknown ones are still being discovered every few years or so, especially in Indonesia. For most of the 20th century, this genus included the American screech owls, which are now again separated in "Megascops" based on a range of behavioral, biogeographical, morphological and DNA sequence data. "Otus" is the largest genus of owls in terms of number
15265482
Eastern screech owl


looking Eurasian scops owl ("Otus scops") being smaller and weaker and the long-eared owl ("Asio otus") more fully dependent on rodents. The success of eastern screech (and western screech) owls in North America may be the reason long-eared owls are much more restricted to limited northern forest habitat in North America than they are in Europe. Eastern screech owls hunt from dusk to dawn, with most hunting being done during the first four hours of darkness. A combination of sharp hearing and
4893625
Screech owl


New World owls. While late-19th-century ornithologists knew little of the variation of these birds which often live in far-off places, with every new taxon described a few differences between the Old and New World "scops" owls became more and more prominent. Namely, the scops owls give a whistling call or a row of high-pitched hoots with fewer than four individual hoots per second. This call is given in social interaction or when the owl tries to scare away other animals. The screech owls on the other
8200115
Lord Howe long-eared bat


and widespread in southeast Australia and Tasmania. It is presumed extinct (EPBC Act 1999; van Dyck & Strahan, 2008), or if still extant, then critically endangered at state and international listings (Jackson & Groves, 2015; IUCN, 2008). Due to its current conservation status, the species is identified by the Alliance for Zero Extinction as in danger of imminent extinction. Actions benefiting the conservation of the species include the eradication of the owl introduced to control the rat irruption, although later surveys to locate the
20261928
Madeiran scops owl


The Madeiran scops owl ("Otus mauli") is a small extinct owl that once inhabited the island of Madeira in the Macaronesian archipelago off the north-west coast of Africa in the North Atlantic Ocean. Fossil bones of the owl were found in Quaternary sites on Madeira. It is the first extinct owl species to be described from Macaronesia. The describers suggest that the most likely cause of extinction was human settlement in the early 15th century, with its associated habitat destruction and the introduction of alien species. Similar, though
10884674
Screech owl


hand are named for their piercing trills of more than four individual notes per second and as noted above they also have a kind of song, which is absent in the scops owls. There are a few other differences such as brown coloration below being common in scops owls and almost never seen in screech owls, but the difference in vocalizations is most striking. By the mid-19th century, it was becoming clear that "Otus" encompassed more than one genus. First, in 1848, the screech owls were split off as "
8200116
São Tomé scops owl


one on the island, except for the common barn owl. Its diet consists of insects, grasshoppers, beetles, moths, and small lizards. This type of owl is nocturnal (like most owls) and is not shy toward humans. It roosts close to tree trunks or within them. Females of the species are somewhat larger than males. The adult face and upper body are mostly brown, with white chin and eyebrows. It sometimes call during the day. The continued survival of the São Tomé scops owl depends upon
8389310
Rodrigues owl


apparently being a descendant of the direct ancestor of the Oriental scops owl. It is sometimes assumed that Leguat mentioned this bird in his 1708 memoir, but this seems to be in error; Julien Tafforet gave a good description in 1726, however. The Rodrigues bird, which Tafforet compared to the "petit-duc", the Eurasian scops owl (and not, as often assumed to the little owl, the "chouette chevêche"), was more arboreal than its congeners and fed on small birds and "lizards"
1824853
Scops owl


have a kind of song, which is a short sequence of varying calls given by the males when they try to attract females to their nests, or between members of a pair. There are a few other differences such as the screech owls almost never being brown below which is common in scops owls, but the difference in vocalizations is most striking. By the mid-19th century, it was becoming clear that "Otus" encompassed more than one genus. First, in 1848, the screech owls were split off as "Megascops
15265494
Eurasian eagle-owl


", which may include either 22 or 25 extant species. Almost all the larger owl species in the world today are included in "Bubo". Based on an extensive fossil record and a central distribution of extant species on that continent, the "Bubo" appears to have evolved into existence in Africa, although early radiations seem to branch from southern Asia as well. Two genera belonging to the scops owls complex, the giant scops owls ("Otus gurneyi") found in Asia and the "Ptilopsis" or the
20575151
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada


in Canada) and 15 wildlife species that are Extinct (X). The other category is not at risk (NAR). COSEWIC provides online updated status reports on designated species. COSEWIC bases its quantitative criteria for species' status assessment on the revised IUCN Red List, the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. COSEWIC provides International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the world's main authority on the conservation status of species, with a Regional Red List. IUCN.
2828846
Scops owl


Brünnich – which according to modern rules of zoological nomenclature was unjustified however, as the name he believed to be reinstating had never been technically valid in the first place. The evolutionary relationships of the scops and screech owls are not entirely clear. What is certain is that they are very closely related; they may be considered sister lineages which fill essentially the same ecological niche in their allopatric ranges. A screech-owl fossil from the Late Pliocene of Kansas – which is almost identical to eastern and western screech owls – indicate a
15265490
Wildlife of Tanzania


status of grey crowned cranes found in wetland-grassland habitats of eastern and southern Africa including Tanzania is listed as vulnerable. Endemic species are: yellow-collared lovebird ("Agapornis personatus"), Pemba green pigeon ("Treron pembaensis"), Pemba scops owl ("Otus pembaensis"), Usambara eagle-owl ("Bubo vosseleri"), Beesley's lark ("Chersomanes beesleyi"), Mrs. Moreau's warbler ("Scepomycter winifredae"), Usambara hyliota ("Hyliota usambarae"), Usambara
12850068
Sunda scops owl


The Sunda scops owl ("Otus lempiji") is a small brown owl that is speckled with black on the upper parts and streaked with black on the lower parts. It has a light collar and dark eyes. This taxon is considered a subspecies of "Otus bakkamoena" by some authors. It grows from 20 to 25 cm and can weigh 100 to 170 grams. It lives on the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra and Java. It is mostly found in forests and gardens but is occasionally attracted to buildings.
21931259
Scops owl


are altricial to semialtricial. As opposed to screech owls, scops owls have only a single type of call. This consists of a series of whistles or high-pitched hoots, given with a frequency of 4 calls per second or less, or of a single, drawn-out whistle. Calls differ widely between species in type and pitch, and in the field are often the first indication of these birds' presence, as well as the most reliable means to distinguish between species. Some, like the recently described Serendib
15265486
Moheli scops owl


hissing whistles and screeches in a series of five notes, as well as screeching. This owl is found on only the mountain in the centre of the island of Mohéli, the total range covering , including the highest point of the ridge, at in altitude, and the adjacent upper slopes. It occurs in dense humid forest, which is rich in epiphytes between . The Moheli scops owl is strictly nocturnal and becomes active only after sunset. Calling males have been recorded in September. The diet is probably mainly made up of
17658466