Şemsi Pasha Mosque [SEP] architect
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Şemsi Pasha Mosque


The Şemsi Pasha Mosque (, also spelled "Chamsi-Pasha") is an Ottoman mosque located in the large and densely populated district of Üsküdar, in Istanbul, Turkey. The Şemsi Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for Grand Vizier Şemsi Pasha. The Mosque is one of the smallest to be commissioned by a Grand Vizier in Constantinople, however it is its miniature dimensions combined with its picturesque waterfront location which have made it one of the most attractive mosques in the city. The Mosque is a celebrated
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Şemsi Pasha


. His mother was the granddaughter of the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I, Ayşe Hümaşah Sultan. Raised in the Imperial residence of the period, Topkapı Palace, as Grand Vizier, he charged renowned court architect Mimar Sinan with the task of building a mosque and adjoining complex near his main seat, the Şemsi Pasha Palace on the Bosphorus shoreline in Constantinople. The Şemsi Pasha Mosque is one of the smallest mosques to be commissioned by a Grand Vizier, and yet it is one of the most well-known mosques in city, due
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Şemsi Pasha Mosque


tomb of Şemsi Ahmet is joined to the main building, divided from the interior by a grille. The chamber is crowned by a mirror vault at the height of the prayer hall drum. It has three casement windows facing the Bosphorus and nine upper windows on three walls, adorned with coloured glass. Surrounding the Mosque is a larger complex, situated on the coast of Üsküdar, also built by court architect Sinan near the Şemsi Pasha Palace and, according to the inscription over the mosque portal, construction was completed in 1580.
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Üsküdar


the two mosques on either side of the ferry port, both designed by Sinan. The larger one is the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque, sometimes called the İskele (Dock) Mosque, built by a daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent; the smaller one is the Şemsi Pasha Mosque, built by a vizier of Suleiman's. Şemsi Pasha has a small library building in the courtyard where one can sit and enjoy the sea breeze off the Bosphorus. A little further inland between the fountain of Ahmet III and the Şemsi Pasha Mosque is the
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Şemsi Pasha Mosque


example of the chief architect's skill in organically blending architecture with the natural landscape. The complex stands on a roughly rectangular site aligned east-west with the Bosphorus shoreline. The square, single domed mosque abuts the coast at an angle, with the adjoining mausoleum of the donor projecting towards the waterfront. The garden, which over-looks the Bosphorus, is surrounded on two sides by the madrasa, with the mosque on the third side and the sea wall on the fourth. The mosque itself is unusual in that the
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Şemsi Pasha Mosque


picture gallery looking at framed Bosphorus seascapes. The complex has two gates, one facing the land and the other facing the sea; the land gate opens to a private walled cemetery which occupies the eastern precinct, behind the mosque's qibla wall, which has become a burial site for generations of Şemsi Pasha. A gate along the seawall opens into the precinct courtyard, which is shared by the mosque and the madrasa. A secondary gate along the cemetery wall to the east also leads to this courtyard via a narrow passage.
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Şemsi Pasha Mosque


In 1940, an extensive restoration project was undertaken by the General Directorate of Religious Endowments, supervised by architect Süreyya Yücel. The complex stands on a roughly rectangular site aligned east-west with the Bosphorus shoreline. The square, single domed mosque abuts the coast at an angle, with the adjoining tomb of the donor projecting towards the waterfront. Its precinct is enclosed by an L-shaped madrasa to the west and south, and a seawall with grill-windows to the north, giving the impression that one is in a
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Şemsi Pasha Mosque


The mosque portico, which envelops the prayer hall to the northwest and southwest, is faced across the courtyard with the madrasa arcade, at a smaller scale. Both the portico and arcade are covered by shed roofs and have pointed arches carried on columns with diamond-cut capitals. The mosque portico was rebuilt during the 1940 restoration. A single minaret with a single balcony rises above it, adjoining the southwest corner of the prayer hall. Entered through a marble portal on its northwest wall, the prayer hall is surmounted by a
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Sinan Pasha Mosque (Istanbul)


The Sinan Pasha Mosque () is an Ottoman mosque located in a densely populated district of Beşiktaş, in Istanbul, Turkey. It was built by the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan for the admiral Sinan Pasha. The "türbe" (tomb) of Barbaros Hayrettin Pasha is located just across the street. The mosque was endowed by the Ottoman admiral Sinan Pasha who was the younger brother of the grand vizier Rüstem Pasha. The mosque was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan. Sinan Pasha died in 1554 and work began after his
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Şemsi Pasha Mosque


was lost, inscriptive plaques over the archway in the prayer hall were preserved. The tomb, like the mosque and the complex, are made of cut stone. The L-shaped madrasa has twelve domed cells and a large classroom, all fronted by an arcade whose shed roof is carried by nineteen columns. Cells are placed all in a row except at the northern end, where a single cell encloses the arcade before the seawall. The classroom, which is seven meters squared, occupies the centre of the western wing of
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Şemsi Pasha


Şemsi Ahmet Pasha also known as Chamsi-Pasha; (died 28 April 1580) was a prominent Ottoman nobleman and statesman of Albanian origin who occupied numerous high-ranking political posts, serving at different stages as the Ottoman governor of Damascus, Rûm, Sivas, Anatolia and Rumelia, and subsequently succeeding Sokollu Mehmet Pasha as grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire in 1579. Paternally, he was a direct descendant of Khalid ibn al-Walid, the celebrated commander whose armies conquered Syria at the time of Muhammad in the 7th century
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Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Kadırga)


Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque in the Kadırga neighborhood of the Fatih district, Istanbul, Turkey. It was commissioned jointly by the grand vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha and his wife İsmihan Sultan. It was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan and completed in 1571/2. The mosque is noted for the fine quality of the Iznik tiles that decorate the interior walls. The mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the grand vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha and his wife İsmihan Sultan, a daughter
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Piyale Pasha Mosque


The Piyale Pasha Mosque ( ), also known as the Tersane Mosque (literally: Shipyard Mosque), is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque located in the Kasımpaşa neighborhood of the Beyoğlu district in Istanbul, Turkey. The Piyale Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the vizier and grand admiral Piyale Mehmed Pasha. The mosque was built between 1565 and 1573. Unlike other mosques designed by Sinan that have a large central dome, the Piyale Pasha Mosque is constructed with six identical domes, arranged as two rows
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Rüstem Pasha Mosque


The Rüstem Pasha Mosque () is an Ottoman mosque located in the Hasırcılar Çarşısı (Strawmat Weavers Market) in the Tahtakale neighborhood of the Fatih district, Istanbul, Turkey. It was designed by the Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan and completed in around 1563. The Rüstem Pasha Islamic cultural center was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the grand vizier Rüstem Pasha (the husband of one of the daughters of Suleiman the Magnificent by Hürrem Sultan (Roxelana), Mihrimah Sultan). Rüstem Pasha died at age 61 in July
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Şemsi Pasha Mosque


and projects beyond the madrasa wall. It is surmounted by a dome carried on squinches and raised on an octagonal drum. There are six windows on three of the classroom's walls, leaving the western wall for a furnace and two shelving niches. Each madrasa cell has two windows, a furnace and one or two shelving niches. The arcade was enlarged following the restoration and the madrasa was refurnished to house a Library in 1953 with the classroom use as the reading room. An additional room with privy cells is attached at the
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Şemsi Pasha Mosque


The wooden minbar is a modern replacement. The mausoleum is attached to the prayer hall. It is entered from the outside from northwest, but opens into the prayer hall with a grilled archway. The chamber is crowned by a mirror vault at the height of the prayer hall drum. It has three casement windows facing the Bosphorus and nine upper windows on three walls, adorned with colored glass. Decoration is limited to the stalactite carvings of the portal and painted floral and geometrical motifs on the mirror vault. Although its portal inscription
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Üsküdar


Uskudar has two public libraries: Şemsi Pasha Mosque Public Library (built in 1953) and Selimiye Public Library. Üsküdar is a municipality within borders of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (). The municipality is subdivided into neighborhoods (). The boundaries and names of the official neighborhoods change from time to time and sometimes do not correspond to historically recognized neighborhoods or to residents' own perceptions. The most prominent neighborhood is Üsküdar's historic center (), centered on the ferry docks and roughly corresponding to the current Mimar Sinan neighborhood (former
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Kara Ahmed Pasha Mosque


The Kara Ahmed Pasha Mosque or Gazi Ahmed Pasha Mosque () is a 16th century Ottoman mosque near the city walls in Istanbul, Turkey. It was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan and completed in around 1572. The mosque was commissioned by Kara Ahmed Pasha who was married to Fatma Sultan, a daughter of Selim I. He became grand vizier under Suleiman the Magnificent in 1553 but was executed by strangulation two years later in 1555. The mosque was planned in around 1555 but only constructed between 1565 and 1571–72 after the pasha
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Behram Pasha Mosque


Behrem Pasha Mosque (, ) is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque located in the town of Diyarbakır in southeast Turkey. It was commissioned by the Ottoman governor-general Behrem Pasha and designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan. The mosque was commissioned by the local Ottoman governor-general Behrem Pasha. He was the son of Kara Şahin Mustafa Pasha who served as the governor-general of Yemen and Egypt. The dates of Behrem Pasha's tenure in Diyarbakır are uncertain but were probably between 1564-65 and 1567-68
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Mesih Mehmed Pasha Mosque


Mesih Mehmed Pasha Mosque () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque in the Fatih district of Istanbul. It was commissioned by one of Murad III's grand viziers, Mesih Mehmed Pasha, and designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan. The mosque was completed in 1585–86. The mosque was commissioned in 1584 by the eunuch Mesih Mehmed Pasha while he held the post of third vizier. Mesih Pasha had worked for nearly six years in Cairo as the governor-general of Egypt before returning to Istanbul in 1581. He became second
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Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque


The Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque located in the Silivrikapi neighborhood of Istanbul, Turkey. The Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the vizier Hadim (Eunuch) Ibrahim Pasha. The building was completed in 1551. The mosque is in the form of a domed cube with an attached portico. The main dome has a diameter of and is supported by eight internal buttresses. There are three tiers of windows. The five small domes of the portico are supported
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Şemsi Pasha Mosque


single dome, which measures about eight meters in diameter. The transition to the dome is achieved with four squinches over an octagonal drum pierced with four arched windows. The prayer hall has nine casement windows – two on each wall with an additional window on the southeast wall. Each casement is topped by an arched window with a different coloured glass composition, and a circular window is placed above the mihrab. The simple marble mihrab has a muqarnas hood. Muqarnas carvings were also used to highlight the springing of the squinch arches.
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Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Azapkapı)


The Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. The mosque is situated in Azapkapı neighborhood of Beyoğlu district in Istanbul. It is directly beside the Atatürk Bridge across the Golden Horn, but there was no bridge here at the time the mosque was built. It was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan (c. 1488/1490-1588) and built for the grand vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (in office 1565–1579) in 1578. It is one of the three mosques with the
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Zal Mahmud Pasha Mosque


The Zal Mahmud Pasha Mosque () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque located in the Eyüp district of Istanbul, Turkey. It was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan and completed in 1590. The building of the mosque was jointly endowed by Shahsultan and her second husband, the Bosnian born vizier, Zal Mahmud Pasha. Both had died in 1577. Shahsultan was one of the daughters of the sultan Selim II and his wife Nurbanu Sultan. After the death of Shahsultan's first husband in 1574 she married Zal Mahmud Pasha
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Ayşe Hümaşah Sultan


transmitted to her sons, per Mihrimah’s will. Probably following her mother’s path, she was close to Safiye Sultan faction during the reign of Murad III. Şemsi Ahmet Pasha died in 1580 and Ayşe Hümaşah On 6 April 1582, married Ahmed Ferîdûn Paşa inside the Ibrahim Paşa Palace, but the marriage lasted only 11 months because the paşa died on 16 March 1583. Ayşe Hümaşa died in 1595 and was buried in the complex Şeyh ‘Azîz Mahmûd Hüdâyî Efendi, in Üsküdar, near the mosque of her mother Mihrimah Sultan
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Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Büyükçekmece)


The Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (), also known as the Köprübaşı (Bridgehead) Mosque, is the ruin of a 16th-century Ottoman mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. The ruin is situated in Büyükçekmece which is now a district of Istanbul, but would have been in the countryside at the time the mosque was built. It was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan (c. 1488/1490-1588) and built for the grand vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (in office 1565–1579) in 1567. It is one of the
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Juma-Jami Mosque, Yevpatoria


The Juma-Jami Mosque, (, , ) also known as the Friday Mosque, is located in Yevpatoria, Crimea. Built between 1552 and 1564, and designed by the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan. The Juma-Jami is the largest mosque of Crimea and was founded by Khan Devlet I Giray in 1552. The Khan commissioned Istanbul architect Mimar Sinan (1489–1588) to build the mosque. Sinan was the chief architect of the Ottoman Empire. He designed the Sinan Pasha Mosque and the Şehzade Mosque in Istanbul. Construction of
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Osman Shah Mosque


The Osman Shah Mosque () or Kursum Mosque (Κουρσούμ Τζαμί, from ) is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque in the city of Trikala in Greece. The mosque was commissioned by Osman Shah, also known as Kara Osman Pasha, who was the son of one of Sultan Selim I's daughters and the executed vizier İskender Pasha (died 1515). Osman Shah for a long time dwelt in Trikala as the governor of the local province, the Sanjak of Trikala. The mosque was designed by the Ottoman imperial architect Mimar
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Green Mosque (İznik)


Green Mosque of Iznik () is a historic Ottoman mosque in Iznik, Turkey. One of the earliest examples of Ottoman architecture, the Yeşil Mosque was constructed by order of the Grand Vizier Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha of Sultan Murad I in Iznik. It was later completed by his son Ali Pasha. The inscription on the mosque gives the date of construction as AH 780-794 (1378-1391), and the name of the architect as Haci bin Musa. The Yeşil Mosque is located near the Lefke Gate on
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Culture of Turkey


Mosque and the surrounding complex, built for Suleiman the Magnificent. The Selimiye Mosque in Edirne was built during the years 1568-74, when Sinan was in his prime as an architect. The Rüstem Pasha Mosque, Mihrimah Sultan Mosque, Ibrahim Pasha Mosque, and the Şehzade Mosque, as well as the türbes (mausoleum) of Suleiman the Magnificent, Roxelana and Selim II are among Sinan's most renowned works. Most classical period designs used the Byzantine architecture of the neighboring Balkans as its base, and from there, ethnic
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Šarena Mosque


Šarena Džamija, (; ; ) meaning Decorated Mosque in English, is a mosque located near the Pena River in Tetovo, North Macedonia. The mosque was originally built in 1438 and later rebuilt in 1833 by Abdurrahman Pasha. The Šarena Džamija was originally built in 1438. The architect behind the Šarena Džamija was Isak Bey. Most mosques of the time had sultans, beys or pashas financing their constructions, but the Šarena Džamija, however, was financed by two sisters from Tetovo. As with many mosques, a hammam was built
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Rüstem Pasha


, 130 kinds of armors, 860 gold embroidered swords, 1500 silver tolga, 1000 silver balls, 33 precious jewels etc. The Rüstem Pasha Mosque (Turkish: Rüstem Paşa Camii) is an Ottoman mosque located in Hasırcılar Çarşısı (Strawmat Weavers Market) in Fatih, Turkey,[3] which was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for Grand Vizier Rüstem Pasha. It was built between 1561 and 1563.[4] In the first, Rustem Pasha was a sanjak bey. After the death of Pargali Ibrahim Pasha his way became very easy.
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Mosque of Muhammad Ali


Pasha, Muhammad Ali's oldest son, who died in 1816. This mosque, along with the citadel, is one of the landmarks and tourist attractions of Cairo and is one of the first features to be seen when approaching the city any direction. The mosque was built on the site of old Mamluk buildings in Cairo's Citadel between 1830 and 1848, although not completed until the reign of Said Pasha in 1857. The architect was Yusuf Bushnak from Istanbul and its model was the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in that city. The
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Kurşunlu Mosque and Complex


Kurşunlu Mosque and Complex () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque and its social complex in Odunpazarı district of Eskişehir, Turkey. The mosque and the complex were commissioned by the Ottoman vizier Çoban Mustafa Pasha, and were built between 1517 and 1525. Although the architect is unknown, it is believed that it was designed by Acem Ali, who was the head architect before Mimar Sinan (c. 1489/1490 – 1588). The mosque is named for its lead-covered () dome. The mosque is a single-dome
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Mimar Sinan


thoroughly studied the work of other architects, especially since he was responsible for the upkeep of these buildings. He copied the old form, pondered over the weaknesses in the construction and tried to solve this with his own solution. In 1554, Sinan used the form of the Sinan Pasha mosque again for the construction of the mosque for the next Grand Vizier Kara Ahmet Pasha in Constantinople, his first hexagonal mosque. By using a hexagonal plan, Sinan could reduce the side domes to half-domes and set them in the corners
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Sokollu Mehmed Pasha


and Constantinople alone contained a number of his mosques. The Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque and the complex built at Kadirga district of İstanbul by architect Mimar Sinan is considered to be the most beautiful of the smaller mosques in İstanbul. It is known for its unusually fine ordering of medrese over the entry stairs, its lofty elegant interior, the first hooded fountain, ogival arches of the arcades, and especially, the fine and well preserved Iznik tiles. His most renowned endowment is the eleven-arched Višegrad bridge in his hometown of Višegrad
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Mesih Mehmed Pasha Mosque


vizier in July 1584 and then grand vizier for the four-month period from 1 December 1585 until 15 April 1586. He died in 1589 and was buried by his mosque. It is unclear to what extent the imperial architect Mimar Sinan was involved in the design of the mosque. Sinan went on a "hajj" to Mecca in 1584 and during his absence his place was taken by the royal architect Mehmed Subaşı. Sinan included the mosque in the list of his works in a draft of his autobiography ("Tuḥfetü’l-
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Bayrakli Mosque, Samokov


Bayrakli Mosque (), also known as Yokush Mosque () is a historical mosque in Samokov, Bulgaria, constructed in 1845. The mosque was built by Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha, who, according to the legend, ordered to erect both a cross and a crescent on the dome of the mosque. In 1966, the mosque was extensively restored. The restoration project was carried out by architect Nikola Mushanov. The prayer hall of the mosque is rectangular (almost square) with the size of times . The women's prayer
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Jazzar Pasha


Jazzar established himself in Acre in 1775, the city contained four mosques, three of which were built during Zahir's reign and one prior. Three years later, al-Jazzar had a fifth mosque built, known then as the "White Mosque" or the "Friday Mosque", but known today as the el-Jazzar Mosque. According to Philipp, it was the "largest and most beautiful" of Acre's mosques. Although al-Jazzar had no architectural background, he was the architect of the mosque and
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Tophane


Tophane, built by the Ottoman Kapudan-i Derya Kılıç Ali Pasha and designed by the renowned architect Mimar Sinan, is a külliye (group of buildings) which comprises a mosque, a medrese, a hamam, a türbe, and a fountain that were constructed between 1578 and 1587. The Tophane Fountain, situated between Nusretiye Mosque and Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex, was commissioned by Mahmud I and built in 1732. During earlier times the main population of Tophane consisted of Greeks and Armenians, however from the start of the twentieth
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Nuruosmaniye Mosque


1748 and completed by his brother and successor Sultan Osman III in 1755. The architects adopted Baroque architectural elements, the mosque is also distinctive with the absence of an ablution fountain (). It was named Nuruosmaniye Mosque, meaning "The light of Osman", after Osman III, but also because of its many windows which lets a lot of light inside the mosque's hall. Nuruosmaniye Mosque is located near the entrance to the Kapalıçarşı (Grand Bazaar), Column of Constantine and the historical Gazi Atik Ali Pasha Mosque.
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List of Friday mosques designed by Mimar Sinan


This is a list of the Friday mosques for which the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan claimed responsibility in his autobiographies. Of the 77 mosques in the list, 39 are in Istanbul. Mimar Sinan was appointed to the post of chief Ottoman architect by the grand vizier Ayas Mehmed Pasha in 1539. Sinan occupied the position until his death in 1588 and served under three sultans: Süleyman I (ruled 1520–66), Selim II (ruled 1566–74) and Murad III (ruled 1574–95). In his autobiography "Biographical Memoir of Construction"
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Islamic architecture


Edirne. Apprentices of Sinan later built the famous Blue Mosque in Istanbul. The most numerous and largest of mosques exist in Turkey, which obtained influence from Byzantine, Persian and Syrian-Arab designs. Turkish architects implemented their own style of cupola domes. For almost 500 years Byzantine architecture such as the church of Hagia Sophia served as models for many of the Ottoman mosques such as the Shehzade Mosque, the Suleiman Mosque, and the Rüstem Pasha Mosque. The Ottomans mastered the technique of building vast inner spaces confined by seemingly weightless
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Sarayönü Mosque


used for ablutions before prayer. The sarchophagus would be moved to the yard of the Haydar Pasha Mosque in 1980. The mosque was destroyed in an earthquake in January 1900. Fenton Atkinson, a British architect, drew the plans for the current mosque in the same year. Atkinson was allegedly inspired by his recollection of Andalusia. The construction of the current mosque began on 26 November 1901 and probably ended in 1903. After the intercommunal conflict known as the Bloody Christmas in 1963-64, Turkish Cypriots did not have a building
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Pertev Pasha Mosque


Pertev Mehmet Paşa Mosque, also known as "Yeni Cuma Cami" meaning "New Friday Mosque" in Turkish, is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque in the town of Izmit, Turkey. The architect was Mimar Sinan. It was built for Pertev Mehmed Paşa, an Ottoman vizier during the reigns of sultan Suleyman I and Selim II. The construction was finished in 1579. The mosque is part of a larger complex (Külliye) which originally included a madrasa, hammam, caravanserai, fountain and a lower education school.
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Sinan Pasha Mosque (Prizren)


The Sinan Pasha Mosque (; ; ; ) is an Ottoman mosque in the city of Prizren, Kosovo. It was built in 1615 by Sofi Sinan Pasha, bey of Budim. The mosque overlooks the main street of Prizren and is a dominant feature in the town's skyline. Sinan Pasha Mosque was declared a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1990 by the Republic of Serbia. Sofi Sinan Pasha started construction of the mosque in either 1600 or 1608. Sofi Sinan Pasha, a former beylerbey and kaymakam in Bosnia should not
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Culture of Turkey


Major examples are the Nur-u Osmaniye Mosque, Zeynep Sultan Mosque, Laleli Mosque, Fatih Tomb, Laleli Çukurçeşme Inn, Birgi Çakırağa Mansion, Aynalıkavak Palace, and the Selimiye Barracks. Mimar Tahir (also known as Mehmed Tahir Ağa) was the important architect of this period. Nusretiye Mosque, Ortaköy Mosque, Sultan Mahmud's Tomb, Galata Lodge of the Mevlevi Dervishes, Dolmabahçe Palace, Beylerbeyi Palace, Sadullah Pasha Yalı and the Kuleli Barracks are the important examples of this style, developed parallel with the Westernization process.
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Cairo Citadel


is located in the Southern Enclosure and is open to the public today. The architect was Yusuf Bushnak from Istanbul and its model was the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in that city. Muhammad Ali Pasha was buried in a tomb carved from Carrara marble, in the courtyard of the mosque. His body was transferred here from Hawsh al-Basha in 1857. Built in 1318, during the early Bahri Mamluk period, as the royal mosque of the Citadel where the sultans of Cairo performed their Friday prayers, today this hypostyle mosque is still
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Ayşe Hümaşah Sultan


cousin Hüma Şah Sultan, she was reportedly beloved by their grandfather. Around 1560 she married Şemsi Ahmet Pasha future Grand vizier, and with him had at least eight children. She was also the grandmother of Semiz Mehmed Pasha. Ayşe Hümaşah was politically active, being the wife of a Grand Vizier and the daughter of the greatest princess, Mihrimah Sultan. She was also her mother’s only heir, and not only did she inherit her vast wealth (including 5 palaces) but her pious foundations as well, which were then
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Sinan Pasha (Ottoman admiral)


to the opinions and complaints of others. He had a cold gaze."" However, a Spanish historian of that period wrote that ""Sinan Pasha was a tall and strong man with a truly handsome face and a gallant heart. He was also very kind."" Sinan Pasha died on 21 December 1553 in his palace which was located at the present Sultanahmet Square in İstanbul, and was later buried at the garden of Mihrimah Sultan Mosque in Üsküdar, which was designed by the great Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan.
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Ese Kapi Mosque


, gate of Jesus) was destroyed by an earthquake. Between 1551 and 1560 Vizier Hadim Ibrahim Pasha (d. 1562/63) – who endowed also in the nearby neighborhood of the Gate of Silivri () a Friday mosque bearing his name – converted the building into a small mosque (). At the same time he let Court Architect Mimar Sinan (who also designed the Friday Mosque) enlarge the existing complex. Sinan built a Medrese (Koranic school) and a Dershane (elementary school) connecting them to the ancient church.
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Karađoz Bey Mosque


, Sinan Pasha. The mosque may have been designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan. It is in the form of a domed cube fronted by a double portico. The three domes of the inner portico are supported by four marble columns. The outer portico has a shed roof resting on small octagonal pillars. The large dome of the mosque sits on an octagonal fenestrated drum which is supported by eight pointed arches. The mosque was severely damaged during World War II, and faced near destruction during the Bosnian War in the early
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Ottoman architecture


Kayseri and died in Istanbul in the year 1588. Sinan started a new era in world architecture, creating 334 buildings in various cities. Mimar Sinan's first important work was the Şehzade Mosque completed in 1548. His second significant work was the Süleymaniye Mosque and the surrounding complex, built for Suleiman the Magnificent. The Selimiye Mosque in Edirne was built during the years 1568–74, when Sinan was in his prime as an architect. The Rüstempaşa, Mihrimah Sultan, Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosques and the Şehzade, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman, Roxelana
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Green Mosque (Bursa)


mosque after Mehmed I's death. The construction of the Green Mosque was supervised by architect and patron of the arts vizier Hacı İvaz Pasha, who had been a commander under Mehmed I. A calligraphic inscription identifies Nakkas (the Artist) Ali bin Ilyas Ali as the supervisor of the interior tile decorations. Ali bin Ilyas Ali is believed to have brought a diverse group of craftsmen called the “Masters of Tabriz” to assist him. The "Masters of Tabriz" are referenced in a Persian inscription above the mosque's mihrab.
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Murad Pasha Mosque, Damascus


The Murad Pasha Mosque (, transliteration: "Jami Murad Pasha") is an early Ottoman-era mosque and mausoleum in Damascus, Syria, located in the Suwayqa sector of the Al-Midan quarter. The mosque was erected and named after Murad Pasha, who served as the Ottoman governor (""wali"") of Damascus between 1568-1569. The mosque was built in 1568. The mosque is also known as the Naqshbandi Mosque () after the "Naqshbandi" sufi order which it served as a
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Laal Pasha Mosque


Laal Pasha Mosque is a Medieval mosque in Mut in Mersin Province, Turkey. (Names such as Lal Pasha, Lael Pasha and Lala Agha are also used.) Laal Pasha was a high-ranking bureaucrat in the Turkmen state of Karamanids in Anatolia. In his youth he was a servant of Alaaddin Bey of Karaman. But Alaadin Bey had him trained and he was appointed as the governor of various cities in the realm of Karaman including Niğde and Mut. Laal Pasha Mosque had been constructed by Laal Pasha with the orders
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Vasat Atik Ali Pasha Mosque


Vasat Atik Ali Pasha Mosque (), also known as Zincirlikuyu Mosque () or Karagümrük Mosque, is an Ottoman mosque located in the Karagümrük neighbourhood of the Fatih district in Istanbul, Turkey, on Fevzipaşa Street. Sultan Bayezid II's grand vizier Hadım Atik Ali Pasha, after whom the mosque is named, ordered its construction in 1502, and it was completed in 1512, one year after the grand vizier's death. The mosque is one of only two mosques in Istanbul with multiple domes, the other being Piyale Pasha
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Evliya Kasim Pasha Mosque


Evliya Kasim Pasha Mosque () is a 15th-century Ottoman mosque in Edirne, northwestern Turkey. It is named after Kasim Pasha (). The mosque was built by Kasim Pasha in 1478–1479, the Beylerbey of the Rumelia Eyalet in the Ottoman Empire and a commander of the Ottoman forces during the reign of the sultans Mehmed the Conqueror (r. 1444‒1446, 1451‒1481) and Bayezid II (r. 1481–1512); he was also titled "Evliya", saint. The grave of Kasim Pasha is in the mosque's yard.
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İzzet Mehmet Pasha Mosque


İzzet Mehmet Pasha Mosque is an 18th-century mosque in Safranbolu of Karabük Province, Turkey. The mosque is in the market place of Safranbolu at . The street in front of the mosque is Adnan Menderes street which connects Safranbolu to nearby Karabük. The mosque is a part of the historic places of the city which are included in the List of World Heritage Sites in Turkey. The mosque had been commissioned by İzzet Mehmet Pasha who was born in Safranbolu. İzzet Mehmet Pasha was a grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire twice during
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Sinan Pasha Mosque (Damascus)


The Sinan Pasha Mosque (, transliteration: "Jami al-Sinaniya", ) is an early Ottoman-era mosque in Damascus, Syria, located along Suq Sinaniyya Street. The mosque was built in 1590 by Sinan Pasha, the Ottoman-appointed governor of Damascus from 1589 to 1593. It stands on the site of an older mosque called the Mosque of Basal to the southwest of the walled city. The donor, Sinan Pasha, also served as the governor of Cairo and as the grand vizier to the sultan,
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Mustafa Pasha Mosque


Mustafa Pasha Mosque (; ; ) is an Ottoman-era mosque located in the Old Bazaar of Skopje, North Macedonia. The structure stands on a plateau above the old bazaar, built in 1492 by Mustafa Pasha, vizier on the court of Sultan Selim I. The mosque is largely intact from its original state, and no additions have been made through the years. The body of the daughter of Mustafa Pasha is buried in the türbe next to the mosque. The mosque has a rose garden. A five-year renovation of
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Clock Mosque


The Clock Mosque (), also called Abdurrahman Pasha Mosque or simply Peqin Mosque is a Cultural Monument of Albania, located in Peqin. It was built in 1666 by Abdi Pasha the Albanian and resembled the Et'hem Bey Mosque in the Albanian capital Tirana. The mosque is located in the central square of the old town at the main route between Durres and Elbasan. Later destroyed by a fire, it was rebuilt in the 1830s by a descendant of Abdi Pasha, Cafer Sadık Pasha. Its minaret and its dome were destroyed in
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Hadim Ibrahim Pasha


Court Architect () Sinan to erect his funerary mosque in Istanbul, in the neighborhood of the Gate of Silivri (). On January 21, 1562, he established an endowment (), which was entitled to administer several institutions in the western part of Istanbul. These were his Friday mosque with an elementary school in the Silivrikapı neighborhood ; another school near Silivrikapı; a Byzantine church which he had converted into a mosque, with an attached medrese and an elementary school (also erected by Sinan) near the Isakapı Gate;
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Abdullah Gërguri


with a large dome (diameter , internal height ), where the mural paintings give magnificent and specific sight in this monumental and cultural building. The most important murals are in the middle of the dome, as is the main rosette. All mural paintings in Sinan Pasha Mosque are characterized with virtuous, spiritual drawings and a wealth of rare colours. The collection of the paintings within this mosque are considered among most beautiful examples of mural paintings of Islamic art in Kosovo. This mosque was built in 1615. Its architect was Sofi
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Behram Pasha Mosque


. He died in 1585 and was buried in Aleppo. The mosque was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan. Building began in around 1564-65 and was completed by 1572-73 (AH 980), the date included in the Arabic inscription carved above the entrance portal. An octagonal drinking fountain is aligned with the central portal of the north façade. The pyramidal roof of the fountain is supported by composite black and white columns with braided central sections. The north façade of the mosque is constructed in alternation layers of
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Sokollu Mehmed Pasha


relations between the Sultan and the Tsar. Although the government was weakening, Sokollu Mehmed Paşa managed to expand the borders of the Ottoman Empire greatly. In 1570 he dispatched Sinan Pasha to conquer Arabia. Sinan Pasha solemnly declared the reign of Sultan Selim II in Mecca upon finishing his military campaign in Hejaz and Yemen. In 1571-1572, on the order Mehmed's wife Ismihan Sultan (or Esma Han Sultan), the famous architect Mimar Sinan built the Sokollu Mehmed Paşa Mosque, which an authoritative guide to Constantinople states to
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Sulejman Pasha Mosque


The Old Mosque () or Sulejman Pasha mosque () was the founding mosque of the Albanian capital Tirana. The city developed around the mosque, which was founded by the Ottoman Albanian Pasha Sulejman Bargjini along with a hamam and a bakery. Built in 1614, it was the oldest mosque of the city of Tirana and was one of the oldest mosques in Albania. The Ottoman general and ethnic Albanian, Sulejman Bargjini had fought for the Ottomans against the Safavids in Persia. Because of its minaret, the Old Mosque stood in
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Sokollu Mehmet Pasha caravanserai


Sokollu Mehmet Pasha built the caravansarai financing it privately. The architect of the caravanserai was Mimar Sinan. It is not known if Sinan actually supervised the construction. According to the inscription of the caravanserai, it was completed in 1574. The purpose of the caravanserai was to provide accommodation for merchants traveling to nearby Aleppo, and for the pilgrims on the wat to Mecca. The caravanserai is a rectangular plan building about . In addition to trade section, it has many units such as a mosque, a hammam, a madrasa etc
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Sulayman Pasha Mosque


Sulayman Pasha al-Khadem Mosque (), also known as Sariat al-Jabal Mosque, is a historical mosque established in 1528 by Suleiman Pasha Al-Khadem, one of the Ottoman rulers of Egypt. It is located inside the Cairo Citadel at the top of Mount Mokattam, and originally erected for the use of the jannisaries stationed in the northern enclosure. It is the first mosque established in Egypt in Ottoman architectural style. The mosque was built on the ruins of an old mosque of Abu Mansur Qusta, built by
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Sulejman Pasha Mosque


rivalry with the Et'hem Bey Mosque founded by Sulejman Bargjini's descendant Molla Bey of Petrela in 1793 and finished by his son Haxhi Etëhem Bey Mollaj. Next to the Sulejman Pasha mosque was the Sulejman Pasha Tomb. The Kapllan Pasha Tomb is in the same neighbourhood. The mosque was destroyed in the Second World War, its remains and its minaret which still stood were destroyed in 1967 by the new Communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha who also destroyed the Dine Hoxha mosque in Tirana. The monument of the "Unknown Soldier" ()
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Ali Pasha Mosque (Sarajevo)


Ali Pasha's Mosque or Ali Pasha Mosque was constructed in Sarajevo during 1560–61 as a "vakıf" (legacy or perpetual endowment) of Sofu Hadım Ali Pasha, the Ottoman former governor of the Bosnia Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire, after his death in September 1560. The mosque was built according to the classical Istanbul architectural style. The dome covers the prayer area and three small domes cover the cloister. Because of its noble proportions it stands at the top of the scale of all sub-dome mosques that have been constructed
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Erivan Fortress


There were two Persian mosques inside the Erivan Fortress. One was Rajab-Pasha Mosque; the other was Abbas Mirza Mosque. The ruins of Rajab-Pasha Mosque remained until the beginning of the works of reconstruction of Erivan in 1930s. Only one wall of Abbas Mirza Mosque remains standing. This mosque was built in 1725 during the reign of Turkish Rajab-Pasha khan. It was a 4-columned arched big building with beautiful exterior. During the Persian rule it was used as an arsenal, because it was a Sunni mosque,
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İskender Pasha Mosque, Fatih


İskender Pasha Mosque (), a.k.a. Terkim Masjid () is a historic mosque located in Fatih district in Istanbul, Turkey. Located on Sarıgüzel Street in İskenderpaşa neighborhood of Fatih, it was endowed in 1505–06 by İskender Pasha, who lived at the time of Mehmed the Conqueror (1432–1481) and served as a vizier of Bayezid II (reigned 1481–1512). A native of Çakallı village of Vize, İskender Pasha died in 1507, so it is assumed that the mosque was built at the end of the 15th century or
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Sinan Pasha Mosque (Cairo)


The Sinan Pasha Mosque is a mosque in the Cairo district of Bulaq. It was established by the governor of Cairo Koca Sinan Pasha around 1571. When the mosque was built the site was on the Nile shore which has since shifted westward. The mosque's architecture combines Mamluk and Ottoman features. The last include its free-standing position in a garden and the gallery surrounding it on three sides roofed with shallow domes. The interior is influenced by the Fadawiya Mausoleum. The mosque was once part of a wikala complex. Its
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Medina of Tunis


a social segmentation: the districts of Tourbet el Bey and the kasbah are wealthier, with a population of judges and politicians while Pasha street is the military and the bourgeoisie (merchants and notables). The Muradid dynasty were great builders in the Medina. Hammouda Pasha (1631–1666) was responsible for the construction of many souks in the Medina, as well as many palaces, including the Dar Hammouda Pacha and the predecessor of the modern Dar El Bey. In 1655, he had Ottoman architects build the Hammouda Pacha Mosque in the
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Old Bridge, Svilengrad


The Old Bridge (, "Star most") or Mustafa Pasha Bridge is a 16th-century arch bridge over the Maritsa in Svilengrad, southern Bulgaria. Completed in 1529, it was built on the order of the Ottoman vizier Çoban Mustafa Pasha. The bridge was the first major work designed by the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan, and was part of a vakıf complex that also included a caravanserai, mosque, bazaar and hamam. The bridge is 295 m long, 6 m wide and has 20 or 21 arches. The
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Zagan Pasha Mosque


Zagan Pasha Mosque () is a historic mosque in Balıkesir, northwest Turkey. It is known as the place, where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk delivered his famous "Balıkesir Khutbah" in 1923. The mosque was built in 1461 by Zagan Pasha (fl. 1446–1462 or 1469), an Ottoman military commander and Grand Vizier of Albanian origin. Located in the city center, at Mustafa Fakıh neighborhood, it is part of a complex consisting of a tomb and a hammam. The mosque and the tomb, broke down in 1897,
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Gazi Mehmet Pasha's Mosque


Gazi Mehmet Pasha's Mosque is one of the oldest monuments of Islamic art in Prizren. The inscription above the entrance states it was built in 1561. This mosque has a square base and numerous windows, while the main veneration niche (mihrab) and the pulpit (mimber) are made of marble. A hexagonal mausoleum (madrasa) has been built in the courtyard of the mosque which Mehmet Pasha earmarked as his grave. Building complex that mosque settles in, includes a high school (madrasa), a primary school (
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Sokollu Mehmed Pasha


in their interest, although this is a very controversial claim as this order was destroyed by Mongols long time before. He is buried at his complex, "Sokollu Mehmed Paşa Külliyesi" at the back of Eyüp Mosque, in Istanbul, at the "Sokollu Mehmed Paşa Türbe" built by famous architect Mimar Sinan for him c. 1572. His wife Ismihan (or Esma Han) is buried near him and in the little garden of the Türbe are buried the family and descendants of Sokollu Mehmed Pasha. After his death Sultan Murad
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Iznik pottery


but were transferred to the Yeni Kaplıca bathhouse when it was restored by the grand vizier Rüstem Pasha in 1552–1553. The tiles probably date from the late 1540s. The other building is the Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque at Silivrikapı in Istanbul which was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan and completed in 1551. Under the portico on the north façade are three tiled lunette panels and two roundels. The panels have white "thuluth" lettering reserved on a dark cobalt blue background. Between the letters are flowers in purple and turquoise. Within
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Haydar-Khana Mosque


The Haydar-Khana Mosque () is a historic mosque in Baghdad, Iraq. Situated in Al Rasheed Street, the mosque was originally built by and attributed to Haydar Pasha Jalabi bin Muhammad Jalabi Shah Bandar, who is buried in the same place along with some members of his family. The mosque was later reconstructed and expanded during 1819-1827 by the Wazir of Baghdad Dawud Pasha, the last wali of the Mamluk dynasty in Iraq. Dawud Pasha established the madrasa in the same place, known as Madrasa al-Dawudia
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İskender Pasha Mosque, Trabzon


İskender Pasha Mosque is a 16th-century built Ottoman mosque in Trabzon, Turkey. The madrasas in its courtyard no longer exist, and the old graveyard in the west has been done away, leaving only the grave of Iskender Pasha. A number of extensions have been made at various times and this, combined with restorations, has destroyed the originality of the mosque, the stone work of which, however is of the highest quality. The minaret features alternating courses of brick and colored stone. The main plan of the mosque
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Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque


The Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque ( "Temenos Lalá Moustaphá Pasá", ), originally known as the Cathedral of Saint Nicholas and later as the Saint Sophia (Ayasofya) Mosque of Mağusa, is the largest medieval building in Famagusta, Cyprus. Built between 1298 and c. 1400, it was consecrated as a Catholic cathedral in 1328. The cathedral was converted into a mosque after the Ottoman Empire captured Famagusta in 1571 and it remains a mosque to this day. From 1954 the building has taken its name from Lala Mustafa Pasha,
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Hammuda Pasha Bey


Bey. In 1655, he had Ottoman architects build the Hammouda Pacha Mosque in the Turkish style, with an elegant octagonal minaret, below which he constructed his family mausoleum. Among his other achievements are the construction of a bimaristan (hospital) in the medina of Tunis and the reconstruction, with embellishments, of the mausoleum of Sidi Sahab (mosque of Barbier) at Kairouan. In 1643 he bought the old pleasure palace of the Hafsids at Le Bardo from the divan of the Turkish garrison in Tunis. Composed initially of three
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Mosque of Pasha Qasim


The Downtown Candlemas Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary (), formerly known as the Mosque of Pasha Qasim (, ) is a Roman Catholic church in Pécs, Hungary, which was a mosque in the 16–17th century due to the Ottoman conquest. It is one of the symbols of the city, located in the downtown, on the main square (Széchenyi square). The current building, a hundred steps in length and in width, was built by Pasha Qasim the Victorious between 1543 and 1546. The mosque was converted
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Al-Mahmoudia Mosque


Al-Mahmoudia Mosque () is a historic mosque in the city of Cairo. It is located at the Salahuddin Square in the Citadel of Cairo area, in front of Bab al-Azab gate of the citadel. There are Sultan Hassan Mosque and Al-Rifa'i Mosque to the east. The mosque dates back to the Ottoman era in 1567 during the administration of Mahmud Pasha who is buried in the mosque. The name of the mosque is derived from him. The mosque is attached with the mausoleum of Mahmud Pasha which
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Fevzi Çakmak


soldiers and a number of civilians, and issued a manifesto which demanded the restoration of constitutional government. Şemsi Pasha, an ethnic Albanian, was ordered to crush the rebel and went to Monastir with two battalions. But he was shot and killed by Second Lieutenant Bigalı Atıf Bey. On 19 August 1909, he was demoted to Major, because of the Law for the Purge of Military Ranks ("Tasfiye-i Rüteb-i Askeriye Kanunu"). On 29 December 1908 he was appointed to Governor ("mutassarıf"
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Altunizade Mosque


Altunizade Mosque (), also known as İsmail Zühtü Pasha Mosque () is a 19th-century Ottoman mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. The mosque is situated in the Altunizade neighborhood of Üsküdar district in Istanbyl. It was commissioned by Altunizade İsmail Zühtü Pasha (1806–1887), who is buried in a protected place in the mosque's yard. The mosque was built in 1865. It is probably the last example of Ottoman aechitecture mosques in the Anatolian part of Istanbul. Initially, the mosque was part of a social complex
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New Mosque (Istanbul)


1660 and, lasting for slightly more than two days (circa 49 hours, according to the chronicles of Abdi Pasha), destroyed many neighbourhoods in the city. Later that year, the imperial architect Mustafa Ağa suggested that Sultana Turhan Hatice, mother of Sultan Mehmed IV, should complete the project as a work of piety. Sultana Turhan Hatice also ordered the construction of the nearby Spice Bazaar, which forms a part of the külliye of the New Mosque. Thus, in the last months of 1660, the construction of the
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Al-Ahmadiya Mosque


The Al-Ahmadiya Mosque (), also known as Mosque-Madrasa of Al-Ahmadiya () or Al-Maidan Mosque (), is a historic Sunni Islam mosque located in Baghdad, Iraq. The mosque is located at the Al Rasheed Street in the southern part of Al-Rusafa, and the east of the Al-Maidan Square near the Al-Muradiyya Mosque. The mosque was built in 1796 by Ahmad Pasha al-Katkhadha, the vice of the Mamluk ruler Sulayman Pasha the Great. The minaret
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Ali Pasha Mosque (Sarajevo)


in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the framework of the complex there is a domed burial site (turbe) with two sarcophagus of Avdo Sumbul (d.1915) and Behdžet Mutevelić (d.1915), Gajret activists who died in the dungeons of Arad. The Ali Pasha Mosque was heavily damaged by Serbian forces during the conflict of the early 1990s, especially the dome. The most recent renovation of the mosque occurred in 2004 and in January 2005, the Commission to Preserve National Monuments issued a decision to add the Ali Pasha Mosque to the
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Murat Pasha Mosque, Aksaray


The Murat Paşa Mosque () is a 15th century Ottoman mosque at Aksaray in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey. It was commissioned in 1465/66 by Hass Murad Pasha (mod. Turkish "Has Murat Paşa"). It was completed after his death by his brother Mesih Pasha, who was buried there. The mosque is designed in the Bursa style with the main space covered by a number of identical domes. This is an early Ottoman style which was soon abandoned in favour of the single large dome with smaller extensions
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Murad Pasha Mosque, Damascus


center for. The mosque is built in the style of Ottoman mosques, rather than the prevalent styles in Arab lands. The building is noted for its similarities with other Ottoman-era mosques in Damascus, including Tekkiye Mosque and the later Darwish Pasha Mosque. The walls of the mosque were built using alternating lines of black and white stones. The mosque is built around a large courtyard (""sahn""), which features an elaborate fountain that was used for ablution (""wudu""). The
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Telelka Mosque


The Telelka Mosque () or Ibrahim Pasha Mosque is a historic Ottoman mosque in Berat, Albania. It is a national Cultural Monument of Albania. During the communist dictatorship of Enver Hoxha, the minaret of the Ibrahim Pasha mosque got destroyed and the building turned into a wood factory. It is located exactly between the Lead Mosque and the King Mosque. The mosque is still used as a wood workshop. The person who used it was rented out of the muftiate which belongs to the Muslim Community of Albania "(KMSH)
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Alaca Imaret Mosque


Alaca Imaret Mosque or Ishak Pasha Mosque (), literally the "colourful mosque", is a 15th-century Ottoman mosque in Thessaloniki, Greece. It was built by order of Ishak Pasha in 1484 or 1487. It consists of a mosque with an imaret (public charity kitchen). The mosque and imaret are not in use anymore. The mosque has a reverse T plan common to early Ottoman architecture, the prayer hall is covered by two large domes, it has a portico covered by five smaller domes. It
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Fevzi Çakmak


On 25 December 1898, he graduated from Academy as a Staff Captain ("Erkân-ı Harp Yüzbaşısı") and was assigned to the 4th department of the General Staff. On 11 April 1899, he became the staff officer of 18th Regular Division ("On Sekicinsi Nizamiye Fırkası") under the command of Şemsi Pasha at Metroviça (present day: Mitrovica) of the 3rd Army. He studied Serbian, Bulgarian, Albanian languages to read their newspapers for collecting information. On 20 April 1900, he was promoted to
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Laal Pasha Mosque


of the Ibrahim Bey of Karaman at about 1444. After 1471, all territories of Karaman state were conquered by the Ottoman commander Gedik Ahmed Pasha. During the war, many buildings constructed by Karamanids were demolished. But Laal Pasha Mosque survived. According to the inscriptions of the mosque, there had been two large-scale repairs in the past. The minaret which was completely ruined had been rebuilt as recently as 50 years ago. The mosque at , is in the midtown between a castle and a caravansarai both of which are
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Sinan Pasha Mosque (Prizren)


be confused with grand vizier Sinan Pasha, who built the Sinan Pasha Mosque in the nearby city of Kačanik. It is widely considered that the stones used to build the mosque were taken from nearby Saint Archangels Monastery, a Serbian Orthodox monastery founded by Serbian Emperor Stefan Dušan. In fact, parts of the former monastery can be seen in the mosque. The monastery, which was abandoned after the arrival of the Ottomans in the 16th century, had fallen to ruins by the 17th century. Hasan Kaleshi, an Albanian historian,
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Lefka


they were forced to leave. The population has increased from 3674 (3586 Turkish Cypriots, 88 Greek Cypriots) in 1960 to a purely Turkish Cypriot 4544 in 1973. The village is home to three mosques. These are the Piri Mehmet Pasha Mosque, Orta Mosque ("Middle Mosque") and the Aşağı Mosque ("Lower Mosque"). The Piri Mehmet Pasha Mosque is by far the oldest. Its site is said to be the site of the Byzantine church of Saint George. The current building was first built
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Mosque of Muhammad Ali


The Great Mosque of Muhammad Ali Pasha or Alabaster Mosque (Arabic: مسجد محمد علي, Turkish: "Mehmet Ali Paşa Camii") is a mosque situated in the Citadel of Cairo in Egypt and was commissioned by Muhammad Ali Pasha between 1830 and 1848. Situated on the summit of the citadel, this Ottoman mosque, the largest to be built in the first half of the 19th century, is, with its animated silhouette and twin minarets, the most visible mosque in Cairo. The mosque was built in memory of Tusun
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