Süleymaniye Mosque [SEP] architect
[{"answer": "Mimar Sinan"}]
Süleymaniye Mosque


The Süleymaniye Mosque (, ) is an Ottoman imperial mosque located on the Third Hill of Istanbul, Turkey. The mosque was commissioned by Suleiman the Magnificent and designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan. An inscription specifies the foundation date as 1550 and the inauguration date as 1557. It is the second largest mosque in the city, the city's largest Ottoman-era mosque, and one of the best-known sights of Istanbul. The Süleymaniye Mosque, was built on the order of Sultan Süleyman ("Süleyman the Magnificent
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Süleymaniye Mosque


"), and designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan. The Arabic foundation inscription above the north portal of the mosque is carved in "thuluth" script on three marble panels. It gives a foundation date of 1550 and an inauguration date of 1557. In reality the planning of the mosque began before 1550 and parts of the complex were not completed until after 1557. The design of the Süleymaniye also plays on Suleyman's self-conscious representation of himself as a 'second Solomon.' It references the Dome of the
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List of Friday mosques designed by Mimar Sinan


("Teẕkiretü’l-bünyān"), Sinan claimed to have designed 698 building including 80 Friday mosques and more than 400 smaller community mosques ("masjids"). In reality he led a team of royal architects and the buildings would have been collective works. Sinan himself would have been occupied with the large building projects undertaken for the sultan. These were the Şehzade Mosque (1543–48), the Süleymaniye Mosque (1548–59), the Kirkçeşme waterworks (1561–65), the Büyükçekmece bridge (1565–67) and the Selimiye Mosque in
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Mimar Sinan


overseer of all construction work of the Ottoman Empire, for nearly 50 years, working with a large team of assistants consisting of architects and master builders. The development and maturing stages of Sinan's career can be illustrated by three major works. The first two of these are in Istanbul: the Şehzade Mosque, which he calls a work of his apprenticeship period and the Süleymaniye Mosque, which is the work of his qualification stage. The Selimiye Mosque in Edirne is the product of his master stage. Şehzade Mosque is the first
10546417
Religion in Istanbul


was built on the site of the Church of the Holy Apostles, an important Byzantine church which was originally edificed in the time of Constantine the Great. Many other imperial mosques were built in the following centuries, such as the famous Süleymaniye Mosque (1557) which was ordered by Suleiman the Magnificent and designed by the great Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan, and the famous Sultan Ahmed Mosque (1616) which is also known as the "Blue Mosque" for the blue tiles which adorn its interior. Istanbul was the seat of the
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Ottoman architecture


Kayseri and died in Istanbul in the year 1588. Sinan started a new era in world architecture, creating 334 buildings in various cities. Mimar Sinan's first important work was the Şehzade Mosque completed in 1548. His second significant work was the Süleymaniye Mosque and the surrounding complex, built for Suleiman the Magnificent. The Selimiye Mosque in Edirne was built during the years 1568–74, when Sinan was in his prime as an architect. The Rüstempaşa, Mihrimah Sultan, Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosques and the Şehzade, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman, Roxelana
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Hagia Sophia


Many religious structures have been modeled on the Hagia Sophia's core structure of a large central dome resting on pendentives and buttressed by two semi-domes. A notable Venetian example is the High Altar of Santa Maria della Salute. Several mosques commissioned by the Ottoman dynasty closely mimic the geometry of the Hagia Sophia, including the Süleymaniye Mosque and the Bayezid II Mosque. In many cases, Ottoman architects preferred to surround the central dome with four semi-domes rather than two. This is true in the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, the
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Culture of Turkey


kitchens, theological schools, hospitals, Turkish baths and tombs. During the classical period, mosque plans changed to include inner and outer courtyards. The inner courtyard and the mosque were inseparable. The master architect of the classical period, Mimar Sinan, was born in 1492 in Kayseri and died in Istanbul in the year 1588. Sinan started a new era in world architecture, creating 334 buildings in various cities. Mimar Sinan's first important work was the Şehzade Mosque, completed in 1548. His second significant work was the Süleymaniye
10950999
Turkish bath


by Renaissance Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan (1489–1588), such as the Çemberlitaş Hamamı, the bath in the complex of the Süleymaniye Mosque, and the bath of the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne were particularly influential. Like its Roman predecessor, a typical hamam consists of three basic, interconnected rooms: the "sıcaklık" (or "hararet" - in Latin, caldarium), which is the hot room; the warm room (tepidarium), which is the intermediate room; and the "soğukluk", which is the cool
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Iznik pottery


the potters in Iznik made tiles for the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul, the mausoleum of Hurrem Sultan (Roxelana) (completed in 1558), the Great Mosque in Adana (in around 1560), the Rüstem Pasha Mosque in Istanbul (completed in around 1563), and the mausoleum of Süleyman I (completed in 1567). The mausoleums of Süleyman I and that of his wife Hurrem Sultan are both located in the grounds of the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul. Associated with this switch to tile production were important changes in the
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Hurrem Sultan


) in Istanbul (Haseki Sultan Complex). It was the first complex constructed in Istanbul by Mimar Sinan in his new position as the chief imperial architect. The fact that it was the third largest building in the capital, after the complexes of Mehmed II (Fatih) and Süleyman (Süleymaniye mosque), testifies to Hurrem's great status. She also built mosque complexes in Adrianopole and Ankara. She commissioned a bath, the Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı, to serve the community of worshippers in the nearby Hagia Sophia. In
1810374
Iznik pottery


aesthetics. A bright red colour was introduced by the use of an iron containing bole applied as slip under the glaze. The red colour would become a common feature of Iznik tiles and pottery. The first building to have tiles with red was the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul which was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan and completed in 1557. The tile decoration inside the mosque is restricted to around the "mihrab" on the "qibla" wall. The repeating rectangular tiles have a stencil-like floral pattern on a white
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Suleiman the Magnificent


monumental architectural developments within his empire. The Sultan sought to turn Constantinople into the center of Islamic civilization by a series of projects, including bridges, mosques, palaces and various charitable and social establishments. The greatest of these were built by the Sultan's chief architect, Mimar Sinan, under whom Ottoman architecture reached its zenith. Sinan became responsible for over three hundred monuments throughout the empire, including his two masterpieces, the Süleymaniye and Selimiye mosques—the latter built in Adrianople (now Edirne) in the reign of Suleiman's
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Süleymaniye Mosque


band of inscriptive tiled panels. The text quotes the Throne verse and the following two verses from the Quran (2:255-58). In addition to the tomb of Suleiman the Magnificent, the mausoleum houses the tombs of his daughter Mihrimah Sultan and those of two later sultans: Suleiman II (ruled 1687-1691) and Ahmed II (ruled 1691 to 1695). As with other imperial mosques in Istanbul, the Süleymaniye Mosque was designed as a "külliye", or complex with adjacent structures to service both religious and
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Islamic architecture


were the asymmetry and stone carving, which includes famous landmarks like Palace of the Shirvanshahs The standard plan of Ottoman architecture was inspired in part by the example of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople/Istanbul, Ilkhanid works like Oljeitu Tomb and earlier Seljuk and Anatolian Beylik monumental buildings and their own original innovations. The most famous of Ottoman architects was (and remains) Mimar Sinan, who lived for approximately one hundred years and designed several hundreds of buildings, of which two of the most important are Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul and Selimiye Mosque in
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Mimar Sinan


travellers ("tabhane"). Sinan, now heading a formidable department with a great number of assistants, finished this formidable task in seven years. Before Süleymaniye, no mosques had been built with half cubic roofs. He got the idea of half cubic roof design from the Hagia Sophia. Through this monumental achievement, Sinan emerged from the anonymity of his predecessors. Sinan must have known the ideas of the Renaissance architect Leone Battista Alberti (who in turn had studied "De architectura" by the Roman architect and engineer Vitruvius
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Süleymaniye Mosque


Rock, which was built on the site of the Temple of Solomon, as well as Justinian's boast upon the completion of the Hagia Sophia: "Solomon, I have surpassed thee!" The Süleymaniye, similar in magnificence to the preceding structures, asserts Suleyman's historical importance. The structure is nevertheless smaller in size than its older archetype, the Hagia Sophia. The Süleymaniye was damaged in the great fire of 1660 and was restored by Sultan Mehmed IV. Part of the dome collapsed during the earthquake of 1766. Subsequent
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Türbe


he has another türbe. There are many famous "türbes" across Istanbul of the various sultans of the Ottoman Empire, as well as of other notables from Turkish history. The Süleymaniye Mosque complex has some of the most famous, including that of Suleiman himself (1550s), perhaps the most splendid Ottoman "türbe", and that of his wife Hürrem Sultan, which has extremely fine tilework. Close by to the complex is the "türbe" of its famous architect Mimar Sinan, in what was his garden. Konya
1920033
Süleymaniye Hamam


Suleymaniye Hamam is an historic Turkish bath in İstanbul, Turkey. The building, situated on a hill facing the Golden Horn, was built in 1557 by Turkish architect Mimar Sinan; it was named for Süleyman the Magnificent. It is part of the Suleymaniye mosque complex. The hamam was commissioned by Sultan Süleyman, ruler of the Ottoman Empire between 1520 and 1566. The building is lavishly arched and domed, with elaborate marble inlay work on the walls. Sulemaniye Hamam is a traditional bathhouse consisting of three sections: cold, lukewarm
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Religion in Turkey


known colloquially as "Diyanet"), which was established in 1924 following the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate and controls all mosques and Muslim clerics, and is officially the highest religious authority in the country. As of today, there are thousands of historical mosques throughout the country which are still active. Notable mosques built in the Seljuk and Ottoman periods include the Sultan Ahmed Mosque and Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul, the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne, the Yeşil Mosque in Bursa, the Alâeddin Mosque and Mevlana Mosque in Konya, and the
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Tunis


The Hammouda Pasha Mosque, built in 1655, is the second mosque built by the Hanafi rite in Tunis. Youssef Dey Mosque operated primarily as public speaking venue before becoming a real mosque in 1631. The Sidi Mahrez Mosque is the largest mosque Hanafi mosque in terms of area but not the tallest. Built in 1692, it resembles the Ottoman Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul. The Saheb Ettabaâ Mosque, built between 1808 and 1814 was the last mosque built by the Tunis Husseinites before the French occupation. The presence of modern churches in
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Istanbul


of Ottoman architecture in Istanbul are the Anadoluhisarı and Rumelihisarı fortresses, which assisted the Ottomans during their siege of the city. Over the next four centuries, the Ottomans made an indelible impression on the skyline of Istanbul, building towering mosques and ornate palaces. The largest palace, Topkapı, includes a diverse array of architectural styles, from Baroque inside the Harem, to its Neoclassical style Enderûn Library. The imperial mosques include Fatih Mosque, Bayezid Mosque, Yavuz Selim Mosque, Süleymaniye Mosque, Sultan Ahmed Mosque (the Blue Mosque)
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Dome


. This idea became important to the Ottoman style as it developed. The Beyazidiye Mosque (1501–1506) in Istanbul begins the Classical period in Ottoman architecture, in which the great Imperial Mosques, with variations, resemble the former Byzantine basilica of Hagia Sophia in having a large central dome with semi-domes of the same span to the east and west. Hagia Sophia's central dome arrangement is faithfully reproduced in three Ottoman mosques in Istanbul: the Beyazidiye Mosque, the Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque, and the Süleymaniye Mosque. Three other
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Mosques commissioned by the Ottoman dynasty


mosques, (Selâtin means in Arabic "Sultans") by the usual definition, are mosques commissioned by a sultan who personally led a military campaign. They are large mosques with several minarets. Fatih and Süleymaniye are typical examples. However, this definition does not exactly cover the concept. Beginning by the 17th century, most sultans preferred to stay in the capital rather than campaigning. Ahmet I (reigned 1603–1617), who was a non-campaigning sultan, commissioned the Blue Mosques, one of the greatest mosques which had
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Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı)


Sultan Mosque had a "külliye" which included (besides madrasah) a double hamman, "türbe" and a low row of shops under the terrace upon which the mosque was built, whose rents were intended to financially support the mosque complex. The complex does not include the grave of Mihrimah Sultana herself (which is located at the Süleymaniye Mosque, but a ruined "türbe" (which is also a work of Sinan) behind the mosque houses the graves of her son-in-law, Grand Vizier Semiz Ali
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Dome


Imperial mosques in Istanbul also add semi-domes to the north and south, doing away with the basilica plan: Şehzade Camii, Sultan Ahmed I Camii, and Yeni Cami. The peak of this classical period, which lasted into the 17th century, came with the architecture of Mimar Sinan. In addition to large Imperial mosques, he produced hundreds of other monuments, including medium-sized mosques such as the Mihrimah, Sokollu, and Rüstem Pasha Mosque and the tomb of Suleiman the Magnificent. Süleymaniye Mosque, built in Constantinople
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Hagia Sophia


, including the Blue Mosque, the Şehzade Mosque, the Süleymaniye Mosque, the Rüstem Pasha Mosque and the Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex. The first church on the site was known as the ("Megálē Ekklēsíā", "Great Church"), or in Latin "Magna Ecclesia", because of its larger dimensions in comparison to the contemporary churches in the City. Inaugurated on 15 February 360 (during the reign of Constantius II) by the Arian bishop Eudoxius of Antioch, it was built next to the area where the
20378317
Seven hills of Istanbul


Mosque to the south and the Süleymaniye Mosque to the north. The southern slopes of the hill descend to Kumkapi and Langa. The fourth hill on which stood the Church of the Holy Apostles and, subsequently, the Fatih Mosque, slopes down rather steeply to the Golden Horn on the north and, rather more gently, to Aksaray on the south. On the fifth hill is the Mosque of Sultan Selim. The fifth and the sixth hills are separated by the valley running down on the west to Balat on the shore of
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Süleymaniye Mosque


to the mosque itself is preceded by a forecourt with a central fountain. The courtyard is of exceptional grandeur with a colonnaded peristyle with columns of marble, granite and porphyry. The northwest facade of the mosque is decorated with rectangular Iznik tile window lunettes. The mosque is the first building where the Iznik tiles include the brightly coloured tomato red clay under the glaze. At the four corners of the courtyard are the four minarets. The two taller minarets have three galleries ("serifes") and rise to a high of without
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History of Roman and Byzantine domes


were modeled similarly: Kılıç Ali Pasha Mosque and the Süleymaniye Mosque (1550–57). Other Ottoman mosques, although superficially similar to Hagia Sophia, have been described as structural criticisms of it. When Mimar Sinan set out to build a dome larger than that of Hagia Sophia with Selimiye Mosque (1569–74), he used a more stable octagonal supporting structure. The Selimiye Mosque is of the type originating with the Church of Sergius and Bacchus. Three other Imperial mosques in Istanbul built in this "Classical Style" of Hagia Sophia include
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Mimar Sinan


of the grand mosques created by Sinan. The Mihrimah Sultan Mosque, which is also known as the Üsküdar Quay Mosque, was completed in the same year and has an original design with its main dome supported by three half domes. When Sinan reached the age of 70, he had completed the Süleymaniye Mosque complex. This building, situated on one of the hills of Istanbul facing the Golden Horn, and built in the name of Süleyman the Magnificent, is one of the symbolic monuments of the period. The diameter of the
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Gümüşhane


of the Sadak village is protected by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. In addition, Süleymaniye Mosque is in the previous Gümüşhane settlement and it was commissioned by the Ottoman sultan Süleyman the Magnificent. Küçük Mosque and Çit Village Mosque are some of other popular mosques in the city. Besides, there are numerous churches within Gümüşhane. Santa Çakallı, Santa Terzili, Kalur Rock, Samamoni, and Theodor Churches are some examples of historical churches in Gümüşhane. During the medieval period one of the most important guardians of the road connecting Trabzon
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Süleymaniye Mosque


repairs damaged what was left of the original decoration of Sinan (recent cleaning has shown that Sinan experimented first with blue, before making red the dominant color of the dome). During World War I the courtyard was used as a weapons depot, and when some of the ammunition ignited, the mosque suffered another fire. Not until 1956 was it fully restored again. The construction of the Haliç Metro Bridge in 2013 has irreparably altered the view of the mosque from north. Like the other imperial mosques in Istanbul, the entrance
10546350
Church-Mosque of Vefa


The building lies in Istanbul, in the district of Fatih, in the neighborhood of Vefa. It is situated less than one kilometer to the northwest of the other great Byzantine building in Vefa (the mosque of Kalenderhane), and a few hundred meters south of the Süleymaniye Mosque. The origin of the building, which lies on the southern slope of the third hill of Constantinople, is not certain. The dedication to S. Theodore is based upon the identification of the surroundings with the Byzantine neighborhood of "ta Karbounaria" (
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Architecture of Istanbul


the Porta Aurea (Golden Gate). In the centuries following Mehmed II, many new important buildings, such as the Süleymaniye Mosque, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Yeni Mosque and numerous others were constructed. Traditionally, Ottoman buildings were built of ornate wood. Only "state buildings" such as palaces and mosques were built of stone. Starting from the 18th and 19th centuries, wood was gradually replaced with stone as the primary building material, while traditional Ottoman architectural styles were gradually replaced with European styles, such as the Baroque style
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Sultan Ahmed Mosque


as the façade of the Süleymaniye Mosque, except for the addition of the turrets on the corner domes. The court is about as large as the mosque itself and is surrounded by a continuous vaulted arcade ("revak"). It has ablution facilities on both sides. The central hexagonal fountain is small relative to the courtyard. The monumental but narrow gateway to the courtyard stands out architecturally from the arcade. Its semi-dome has a fine stalactite structure, crowned by a small ribbed dome on a tall tholobate. Its
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Iznik pottery


ground. The flowers are mainly blue but there is also turquoise, black and red. Outside the mosque on the north facade within the courtyard the windows have rectangular Iznik tile lunettes panels with text from the Quran. The white letters are written in "thuluth" script on a dark blue ground. The decoration on these tiles also includes the bole red. The next major monument designed by Sinan was the Rüstem Pasha Mosque which was completed in 1563. In contrast to the restrained use of tiles in the Süleymaniye Mosque, the
18168792
Historic Areas of Istanbul


The Historic Areas of Istanbul are a group of sites in the capital district of Fatih in the city of Istanbul, Turkey. These areas were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985. This World Heritage Site includes buildings and structures such as the Sarayburnu, the Topkapı Palace, the Hagia Sophia, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, the Hagia Irene, Zeyrek Mosque, Süleymaniye Mosque, Little Hagia Sophia and the Walls of Constantinople. The World Heritage site covers four zones, illustrating the major phases of the city's history using
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Islamic architecture


from, and underpin, the proper shell of the dome. Mimar Sinan solved the structural issues of the Hagia Sophia dome by constructing a system of centrally symmetric pillars with flanking semi-domes, as exemplified by the design of the Süleymaniye Mosque (four pillars with two flanking shield walls and two semi-domes, 1550–1557), the Rüstem Pasha Mosque (eight pillars with four diagonal semi-domes, 1561–1563), and the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne (eight pillars with four diagonal semi-domes, 1567/8–1574/5). In
1424881
Osman Fazli


for fifteen years. Ca.1672 a vision directed him to move to the Kul Cami a very small mosque near the At Pazarı (horse market), Fatih district, Istanbul. He found a room nearby and was soon given the post of preacher and imam. Here he took up the private study of Ibn Arabi's works. Within a few years he was giving daily sermons at the Kul Camii, preaching at the Yavuz Selim Mosque on Fridays and preaching at the Süleymaniye Mosque on Wednesdays. By 1673, age 41, Ozman
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Süleymaniye Mosque


cultural needs. The original complex consisted of the mosque itself, a hospital ("darüşşifa"), primary school, public baths ("hamam"), a Caravanserai, four Qur'an schools ("medrese"), a specialized school for the learning of "hadith", a medical college, and a public kitchen ("imaret") which served food to the poor. Many of these structures are still in existence, and the former imaret is now a noted restaurant. The former hospital is now a printing
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Vefa


Vefa is a quarter in Istanbul, Turkey. It is part of the district of Fatih and managed as borough of Mollahüsrev, inside the walled city. It belonged to the district of Eminönü between 1928 and 2008. It lies roughly northwest of the eastern section of the Aqueduct of Valens, and is rich of monuments, both Byzantine, like the mosques of Kalenderhane and Vefa Kilise, and Ottoman, like the Süleymaniye Mosque. It is a picturesque quarter, home of the Vefa S.K., one of the historic soccer clubs of
20803756
Index of Turkey-related articles


Goeben - Soda Industry Inc. - SODEP - Soğucak - Sokollu Mehmet Pasha caravanserai -Sport in Turkey - State road D715 - Sulu Khan - Sultan Ahmed Mosque - Suvla - Süleymaniye Mosque - Sykes-Picot Agreement Şanlıurfa - Şanlıurfa Irrigation Tunnels - Şanlıurfa Province - Şenköy - Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium Tabriz–Ankara pipeline - Taksim Square - Talas, Turkey - Tales from the Expat Harem - Tapureli ruins - Tarsus - Tarsus Grand Mosque - Tarsus Railway Station - Taşkale - Taşpınar - Taurus Mountains - Tekirdağ - Tekirdağ Province - Tekeli, Bozyazı - Tekeli
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Bodrum Castle


had been removed. In June 1522 the sultan attacked the Order's headquarters in Rhodes from the Bay of Marmaris with 200,000 soldiers (Siege of Rhodes (1522)). The castle of Rhodes fell in December 1522. The terms of surrender included the handing over of the Knights' fortresses in Kos and St Peter's Castle in Bodrum. After the surrender, the chapel was converted into a mosque and a minaret was added. This mosque was called the "Süleymaniye Camii", as attested by a traveler, Evliya Chelebi
17888896
Iznik pottery


1560) nor on the mausoleum of Rüstem Pasha (1562). With the exception of a tiled panel above an external doorway which was added at later date, none of the tiles in the Rustem Pasha Mosque include green in their decoration. The bright emerald green was introduced for the first time on the portico panels of Süleyman’s mausoleum in the funerary garden of the Süleymaniye complex, which was completed in 1567. An important object in the study of Iznik pottery is a mosque lamp that is now in the Victoria and Albert
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Süleymaniye Mosque


and smaller in diameter than that of Hagia Sophia. The interior of the mosque is almost a square, in length and in width, forming a single vast space. The dome is flanked by semi-domes, and to the north and south arches with tympana-filled windows, supported by enormous porphyry monoliths. Sinan decided to make a radical architectural innovation to mask the huge north-south buttresses needed to support these central piers. He incorporated the buttresses into the walls of the building, with half projecting inside and half
10546353
Sultans Trail


" (all located in East Macedonia and Thrace): Ormenio, Dikaia, Marasia, Kastanies "Greece mübadele route (after Ivaylovgrad)": Kyprinos, Komara, Fylakio, Elaia, Plati, Arzos Rizia, Kastanies Turkey "Main route": Kapıkule, Kemalköy, Karabulut, Sarayakpınar, (Sırpsındığı), Avarız, Edirne, Kösençiftliği, Söğütlüdere, Hasköy, Hamzabey, Uluçınar, Ahmetbey, Karlı, Hallaçlı, İnceğiz, Çatalca, Dursunköy, Sazlıbosna, Hacımaşlı, Pirinçci, Eyüp Sultan Mosque, Fatih and Süleymaniye Mosque
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Basilica Cistern


the Old City, depicting the Basilica Cistern as lying beneath the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, which, in the film, is directly adjacent to the Süleymaniye Mosque. The cistern is featured in Clive and Dirk Cussler's 2010 Dirk Pitt fiction novel, Crescent Dawn and The Navigator. In the 2011 video game, "", the player controlled character, Ezio Auditore, is given the chance to explore a section of this cistern in a memory sequence entitled The Yerebatan Cistern. The cistern is also featured in Jean-Baptiste Andrea's
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Süleymaniye Mosque


" are large Iznik tile calligraphic roundels with text from the Al-Fatiha surah of the Quran (1:1–7). The white marble mihrab and mimbar are also simple in design, and woodwork is restrained, with simple designs in ivory and mother of pearl. In the walled enclosure behind the qibla wall of the mosque are the separate mausoleums ("türbe") of Sultan Suleiman I and his wife Hurrem Sultan (Roxelana). Hurrem Sultan's octagonal mausoleum is dated 1558, the year of her death. The 16 sided
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Mimar Sinan


he felt it was time to construct his own imperial mosque, an enduring monument larger than all the others, to be built on a gently sloping hillside dominating the Golden Horn. Money was no problem, since he had accumulated a treasure from the loot of his campaigns in Europe and the Middle East. He gave the order to Sinan to build a mosque, the Süleymaniye, surrounded by a külliye consisting of four colleges, a soup kitchen, a hospital, an asylum, a hamam, a caravanserai and a hospice for
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Mimar Sinan


in a later stage, he also used divisions of three or ratios of two to three when working out the width and the proportions of domes, such as the Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque at Kadırga. While he was fully occupied with the construction of the Süleymaniye, Sinan or his subordinates drew up the plans and gave instructions for many other constructions. Sinan built a mosque for the Grand Vizier Pargalı İbrahim Pasha and a mausoleum ("türbe") at Silivrikapı (Constantinople) in 1551. The next Grand Vizier, Rüstem Pasha
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Mimar Sinan


year he began the construction of a small mosque for Iskender Pasha at Kanlıka, beside the Bosphorus. This was one of the many minor and routine commissions the office of Sinan received over the years. In 1561, when Rüstem Pasha died, Sinan began the construction of the Rüstem Pasha Mosque, as a memorial supervised by his widow Mihrimah Sultana. It is situated just below the Süleymaniye. This time the central form is octagonal, modelled on the monastery church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus, with four small semi-domes set
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Tilburg


the inner city. Many higher educational buildings are standing here, like Tilburg University and Avans Hogeschool. Another place of many schools is along the Reitse Hoevenstraat with multiple secondary schools such as: Jozefmavo and Theresialyceum. The district is connected by train with the Tilburg Universiteit railway station, Previously known as "Tilburg West station" and has one of the two hospitals in Tilburg (). The largest mosque of Tilburg, the Turkish Süleymaniye-Mosque built in 2001, stands in the southeastern corner of the district. West is surrounded
16439899
Kınalızâde Hasan Çelebi


and author from Isparta in Anatolia. Hasan was born in Bursa, where his father was working as a "Kadı" (judge). He started his work career as a "mulasim" (assistant, candidate professor) of Abu Suud, in 1567–68 he became professor, in 1582–83 "müderris" (religious teacher) at the mosque of Mehmed the Conqueror, and five years later professor at the Süleymaniye Mosque. In the Islamic year of 999 (1590–91), he started his career as judge; first in Aleppo
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Süleymaniye Mosque


their lead caps and including the caps. Four minarets were used for mosques endowed by a sultan (princes and princesses could construct two minarets; others only one). The minarets have a total of 10 galleries, which by tradition indicates that Suleiman I was the 10th Ottoman sultan. The main dome is high and has a diameter of which is exactly half the height. At the time it was built, the dome was the highest in the Ottoman Empire, when measured from sea level, but still lower from its base
10546352
Iznik pottery


lamp and ball have underglaze inscriptional bands in cobalt blue but the mosque itself is decorated only with "cuerda seca" tiles. The number of tilemakers employed by the imperial workshops dwindled so that by 1566 only three remained. With the construction of the Süleymaniye Mosque, Iznik became a major center for the manufacture of underglaze tiles. Archaeological excavations in İznik conducted by Oktay Aslanapa in the early 1960s revealed that the town had been an important centre for the production of simple earthenware pottery well before the introduction of the blue-and-
18168762
Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan


reminding him of Muhammad's saying: "Two out of three (unrighteous) judges will go to hell." Süleyman explained that his goal was not to become a judge but to learn both religious and common knowledge. He then began work as an Islamic teacher in Istanbul until its "madrasah"s were closed whereupon he was assigned to work as an Islamic preacher. For some time he preached Islamic sermons in Istanbul's large Ottoman era Selatin mosques such as Sultan Ahmed, Süleymaniye, Şehzâdebaşı, Yeni and Piyale Pasha mosques. While
13686317
Abdur Rahman Chughtai


) Award in 1960, and the Pride of Performance Award in 1958 by the President of Pakistan. Chughtai was born on 21 Sep 1894 in Lahore, now in Pakistan. He was born in Lahore in the area known as 'Mohalla Chabuk Sawaran', the second son of Karim Bukhsh, in a family descended from generations of craftsmen, architects, and decorators. Chughtai briefly learned naqqashi from his uncle Baba Miran Shah Naqqash at a local mosque. After completing his education at the Railway Technical School, Lahore, in 1911
5292344
East London Mosque


with guests Jeff James, CEO of The National Archives, Simon Hughes and Sadiq Khan. 30 Sep 2015: subject of BBC documentary "Welcome to the Mosque" by filmmaker Robb Leech. June 2017: Purchase of the Fieldgate Street Great Synagogue The East London Mosque Trust is a registered charity (previously registered as The London Mosque Fund) and a private company (limited by guarantee, no share capital). The mosque is managed by trustees who are elected biennially by its members at the Annual General Meeting. The CEO is
14120562
Turkish bath


" or "Ayasofya Haseki Hamamı" was commissioned by Suleiman I's consort, Hürrem Sultan, and constructed by Mimar Sinan during the 16th century. It was built on the site of the historical Baths of Zeuxippus for the religious community of the nearby Hagia Sophia. Süleymaniye Hamam is situated on a hill facing the Golden Horn. It was built in 1557 by Mimar Sinan; it was named after Süleyman the Magnificent. It is part of the complex of the Suleymaniye Mosque. "Çemberlitaş Hamamı" on Divanyolu Street in the Çemberlitaş
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Iznik pottery


Museum in London. The lamp is believed to have made for the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul which was completed in 1557. The lamp is the earliest object of a known date with the bole-red decoration that was to become a characteristic feature of Iznik tiles and pottery. The red on the lamp is thin, brownish and uneven. A few surviving dishes that use a similar thin red colouring are believed to date from the same period. There are no surviving vessels with a date between that of the Dome of the Rock
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History of Sufism


a pious foundation in perpetuity ("waqf") to provide a gathering place for Sufi adepts, as well as lodging for itinerant seekers of knowledge. The same system of endowments could also be used to pay for a complex of buildings, such as that surrounding the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul, including a lodge for Sufi seekers, a hospice with kitchens where these seekers could serve the poor and/or complete a period of initiation, a library, and other structures. No important domain in the civilization of Islam remained unaffected by Sufism
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Sufism


13th and 16th centuries, Sufism produced a flourishing intellectual culture throughout the Islamic world, a "Golden Age" whose physical artifacts survive. In many places a person or group would endow a waqf to maintain a lodge (known variously as a "zawiya", "khanqah", or "tekke") to provide a gathering place for Sufi adepts, as well as lodging for itinerant seekers of knowledge. The same system of endowments could also pay for a complex of buildings, such as that surrounding the Süleymaniye Mosque in
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Süleymaniye Mosque


projecting outside, and then hid the projections by building colonnaded galleries. There is a single gallery inside the structure, and a two-story gallery outside. The interior decoration is restrained with stained-glass windows restricted to the "qibla" wall. Iznik tile revetments are only used around the "mihrab". The repeating rectangular tiles have a stencil-like floral pattern on a white ground. The flowers are mainly blue with turquoise, red and black but green is not used. On either side of the "mihrab
10546354
Funerary art


body is below the floor) may be draped in a rich pall, and surmounted by a real cloth or stone turban, which is also traditional at the top of ordinary Turkish gravestones (usually in stylised form). Two of the most famous are in the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul; the Yeşil Türbe ("Green Tomb") of 1421 is an unusually large example in Bursa, and also unusual in having extensive tile work on the exterior, which is usually masonry, whereas the interiors are often decorated with brightly colored
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Hurrem Sultan


on several occasions. Hürrem died on 15 April 1558 and was buried in a domed mausoleum ("türbe") decorated in exquisite Iznik tiles depicting the garden of paradise, perhaps in homage to her smiling and joyful nature. Her mausoleum is adjacent to Süleyman's, a separate and more sombre domed structure, at the courtyard of the Süleymaniye Mosque. Hurrem Haseki Sultan, or Roxelana, is well-known both in modern Turkey and in the West, and is the subject of many artistic works. In 1561, three
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Süleymaniye Mosque


interior is decorated with Iznik tiles. The seven rectangular windows are surmounted by tiled lunettes and epigraphic panels. Between the windows are eight mihrab-like hooded niches. The ceiling is now whitewashed but was probably once painted in bright colours. The much larger octagonal mausoleum of Suleiman the Magnificent bears the date of 1566, the year of his death, but it was probably not completed until the following year. The mausoleum is surrounded by a peristyle with a roof supported by 24 columns and has the entrance facing east rather than the
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Süleymaniye Mosque


usual north. Under the portico on either side of the entrance are Iznik tiled panels. These are the earliest tiles that are decorated with the bright emerald green colour that would become a common feature of Iznik ceramics. The interior has a false dome supported on eight columns within the outer shell. There are 14 windows set at ground level and an additional 24 windows with stained glass set in the tympana under the arches. The walls and the pendentives are covered with polychrome Iznik tiles. Around the room above the windows is a
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Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan


of his class then enrolled at the Süleymaniye Mosque Madrasah in Medresetü'l-Mütehassisin where he studied the "tafsir" (commentary on the "Quran") and "hadith" (narrations concerning the words and deeds of the prophet Muhammad). Süleyman graduated again as valedictorian from Medresetü'l-Mütehassisin in 1919 and in the same year graduated from Medresetü'l-Kuzat law school, coming first in exams. On informing his father of this ranking he was told: "I didn't send you to Istanbul to go to hell",
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Iznik pottery


ten assistants. The tilemaker was probably one of the craftsmen brought to Istanbul after Selim I had temporary captured Tabriz in 1514. The tile workshops were located in the Tekfur Sarayı neighbourhood of the city near the Palace of the Porphyrogenitus. The craftsmen are believed to have been responsible for all the tiles on the imperial buildings until the construction of the Süleymaniye Mosque in the 1550s. Most of the tiles were decorated with coloured glazes using the "cuerda seca" (dry cord) technique, but in a few cases the tiles were
18168759
Alanya


the city are found inside and around the castle. The current castle was built over existing fortifications and served the double purpose of a palace of local government and as a defensive structure in case of attack. In 2007, the city began renovating various sections of the castle area, including adapting a Byzantine church for use as a Christian community center. Inside the castle is the Süleymaniye mosque and caravanserai, built by Suleiman the Magnificent. The old city walls surround much of the eastern peninsula, and can be walked. Inside the
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Suleiman the Magnificent


about his prowess by saying that he defeated Suleiman in three battles (Act 2, Scene 1). Through the distribution of court patronage, Suleiman also presided over a Golden Age in Ottoman arts, witnessing immense achievement in the realms of architecture, literature, art, theology and philosophy. Today the skyline of the Bosphorus and of many cities in modern Turkey and the former Ottoman provinces, are still adorned with the architectural works of Mimar Sinan. One of these, the Süleymaniye Mosque, is the final resting place of Suleiman
7191769
Robert Seppings


Sir Robert Seppings, FRS (11 December 176725 April 1840) was an English naval architect. Seppings was born to Robert and Lydia Seppings at Fakenham, Norfolk, on 11 December 1767 and baptised three days later. In 1782 he was apprenticed in HMNB Devonport, Plymouth. In 1800, when he had risen to be master shipwright assistant in the yard, he invented a device which greatly reduced the time required to repair the lower portions of ships in dry dock when compared with the laborious process of lifting then in vogue.
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Mimar Sinan


his works: Sinan died in AH 996 (1587-88 CE) and is buried in a tomb in Istanbul, a "türbe" of his own design, just to the north of the Süleymaniye Mosque, across a street named Mimar Sinan Caddesi in his honour. He was buried near the tombs of his greatest patrons: Sultan Süleyman I and Sultana Haseki Hürrem, Suleiman's wife. Above the iron-grilled prayer window of his tomb is an epitaph written in Ottoman Turkish by the poet Mustafa Sai. It gives
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Daniel Martin Varisco


A Medieval Arabic Anthology from the Yemen" (1998) for the Gibb Memorial Trust. Varisco has conducted manuscript research in Egypt's Dar al-Kutub, Sanaa's Great Mosque Western Library, Istanbul's Topkapi Ahmet III Library and Süleymaniye Library and Qatar's National Library on the history of Islamic agriculture, almanacs, astronomy, astrology and medicine. Based on primary research in Cairo, he published "The Origin of the Anwa' in Arab Tradition" in "Studia Islamica" (74:5-28, 1991), presenting
5739926
East London Mosque


(Liberal Democrat spokesperson on Communities and Local Government). 25 Aug 2010: subject of a BBC documentary, "Middle EastEnders", that "chronicles the setbacks and triumphs of an institution which has shaped the identity of a corner of London", timed to anticipate the centenary of the mosque. 4 Sep 2010: the mosque raised over £1.1 million in one night in Ramadan on Channel S, breaking the record for ethnic television for the third year in a row, in an appeal for the building of their Phase
14120559
Rüstem Pasha


schools and various other establishments for the public benefit. Their funding was largely secured by the leasing of Rüstem's estates. He supported agriculture, founded new trading centers, like the bazaar in Sarajevo or silk factories in Bursa and Istanbul, social and educational institutions. He developed the domestic economy by encouraging major public works projects and built a modern infrastructure: trade routes, and water networks in Istanbul, Mekka and Jerusalem. He also found enough money in the treasury to make Suleiman's dream come true (Süleymaniye Mosque 1550-
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List of Muhteşem Yüzyıl episodes


near. Bayezid, with many janissary soldiers, sets out for Manisa to take Selim into account for plotting against him, but they're stopped by their mother Hürrem. As she feels her death is near, Hürrem decides to ask forgiveness from Mahidevran. She asks her husband to bury her in the newly built Süleymaniye Mosque and dies a few days later. A year after her death, Beyazid, who hasn't been pleased with his father's decision, gathers a huge army and goes to war against Selim. Süleyman,
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Juma-Jami Mosque, Yevpatoria


The Juma-Jami Mosque, (, , ) also known as the Friday Mosque, is located in Yevpatoria, Crimea. Built between 1552 and 1564, and designed by the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan. The Juma-Jami is the largest mosque of Crimea and was founded by Khan Devlet I Giray in 1552. The Khan commissioned Istanbul architect Mimar Sinan (1489–1588) to build the mosque. Sinan was the chief architect of the Ottoman Empire. He designed the Sinan Pasha Mosque and the Şehzade Mosque in Istanbul. Construction of
6608271
Sep Ruf


Sep Ruf (full name Franz Joseph Ruf; 9 March 1908, in Munich – 29 July 1982, in Munich) was a German architect and designer, belonging to the Bauhaus group. He was one of the representatives of modern architecture in Germany after World War II. His elegant buildings received high credits in Germany and Europe and his German pavilion of the Expo 58 in Brussels, built together with Egon Eiermann, achieved worldwide recognition. He attended the Interbau 1957 in Berlin-Hansaviertel and was one of the three architects who
20990472
Bayezid II Mosque


was a nephew of the Greek architect of the Fatih Mosque (Atik Sinan or Christodoulos), is known from a grant of Bayazid II. This grant confirms the endowment by Mehmed II of the Greek orthodox Church of Saint Mary of the Mongols, the only church in Istanbul never converted into a mosque, to the mother of Christodoulos (the Bayezid II Mosque's architect's grandmother) in acknowledgment of the two architects' work. Little else is known about the architect other than that he also built a caravansary in Bursa;
3740795
Mukhtarov Mosque


The Sunni Mosque or the Mukhtarov Mosque is a historic mosque on the left bank of the Terek River in Vladikavkaz. The mosque owes its name to the Azerbaijani millionaire Murtuza Mukhtarov who financed its construction in 1900-1908. The architect Józef Plośko was inspired by Al-Azhar and other mosques of Cairo. Plośko was also the architect of Mukhtarov Palace in Baku. The mosque serves the Ossetian Muslim minority. The Sunni Mosque is known for its picturesque setting against the dramatic backdrop of the Caucasus Mountains. It also used to serve
14771903
Reşadiye Mosque


Reşadiye Mosque is a mosque in Eskişehir, Turkey. The mosque is in Arifiye neighborhood of Odunpazarı ilçe (district) at . The street to the north west of the mosque is also named Reşadiye. The mosque was built in 1916 by Ottoman Sultan Mehmet V (reigned 1909–1918), who was also known as Reşat. In 1979, it was rebuilt keeping the former name. Although its architect was Cevat Ulger, it was completed after the death of its architect. The mosque with two minarets was designed after the style of
18050393
Juma Mosque, Shamakhi


multiple reconstructions. Most considerable modifications on the architectural structure of the mosque were made on Józef Plośko’s project. The architect added elements of the Eastern architecture, taking traditions of Islamic architecture as a principle of that time to his project. Planning structure of Friday Mosque should be supplemented with dynamic content and special picturesqueness in Józef Plośko’s interpretation. Eliminating side abutments of the warship hall, the architect tried to create most solid and monumental interior. For creating the same size of three halls of the mosque, the architect with specific
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Kurşunlu Mosque and Complex


Kurşunlu Mosque and Complex () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque and its social complex in Odunpazarı district of Eskişehir, Turkey. The mosque and the complex were commissioned by the Ottoman vizier Çoban Mustafa Pasha, and were built between 1517 and 1525. Although the architect is unknown, it is believed that it was designed by Acem Ali, who was the head architect before Mimar Sinan (c. 1489/1490 – 1588). The mosque is named for its lead-covered () dome. The mosque is a single-dome
2171804
Muradiye Mosque


The Muradiye Mosque () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque in the town of Manisa in southwest Turkey. It was commissioned by the sultan Murad III and designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan. The Muradiye Mosque in Manisa was built between 1583 and 1586 for the Ottoman sultan Murad III. It replaced an earlier small mosque on the site that had been began in 1571 when prince Murad had been governor of Manisa. The sultanic mosque was designed by Mimar Sinan but built by the architect Mahmud Halife until his death and then
12484955
Yavuz Selim Mosque


in 1520. The architect was Alaüddin (Acem Alisi). The mosque was completed in 1527/8. Attempts have been made to associate the structure with the famous imperial architect Mimar Sinan, but there is no supporting documentary evidence, and the date of the mosque is too early. However, one of the "türbe" in the garden of the mosque is a work of Sinan (see below). The mosque was built on a terrace overlooking the Cistern of Aspar, the largest of the three Roman reservoirs in Constantinople.
7217395
Khadija Mosque


in the eastern part of Berlin. The foundation stone for the mosque was laid down on 2. January 2007 by the 5th Khalifa of the community, Mirza Masroor Ahmad. The mosque is built on a piece of land which is 4790 m² large. It consists of two stories. There are two prayer rooms, for 250 women and 250 men each. The mosque was designed by the architect of the community, Mubashra Ilyas. The construction was overseen by the architect company Pakdel. The dome of the mosque is 4.5 meter
8863422
East London Mosque


2 expansion. 24 Jun 2011: first beehive installed on roof of London Muslim Centre. 3 Sep 2011: the English Defence League (EDL) wanted to march past the mosque, but after widespread opposition were prevented by a ban imposed by Home Secretary Theresa May. The EDL instead held a static demonstration in Aldgate, and were stopped by police from entering Tower Hamlets, whilst a larger 'United East End' counter-demonstration was held by an alliance of groups and organisations. 20 Jan 2012: the President of the International
14120560
Murtuza Mukhtarov mosque


The Murtuza Mukhtarov mosque () is a mosque in Baku, Azerbaijan. Construction of the mosque was initiated in 1901 by local residents. Due to material deficit, construction was suspended. The residents asked Murtuza Mukhtarov for financial aid. Mukhtarov hired several architects (including the main architect Ziver-bey Akhmedbekov) and took over the construction costs. Construction lasted for 8 years and was completed in 1908. The mosque was used as a weaving workshop in the Soviet Union. Between 1985 and 1989, it was used as a hall
21075506
Sinan Pasha Mosque (Istanbul)


The Sinan Pasha Mosque () is an Ottoman mosque located in a densely populated district of Beşiktaş, in Istanbul, Turkey. It was built by the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan for the admiral Sinan Pasha. The "türbe" (tomb) of Barbaros Hayrettin Pasha is located just across the street. The mosque was endowed by the Ottoman admiral Sinan Pasha who was the younger brother of the grand vizier Rüstem Pasha. The mosque was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan. Sinan Pasha died in 1554 and work began after his
10693440
Güzeloluk Mosque


plaque hanged on the wall, the mosque was commissioned by the village people. But according to an academic report the mosque was commissioned by a certain Böcüoğlu İbrahim . Its architects were Ottoman Armenians named Todiri and his assistant Nikolos. According to the official plaque, the total area of the mosque is and the square-plan interior area is , meaning enough room for 400 prayers. The building material is stone. Although it is an Ottoman mosque, the non-Muslim architect Todiri has introduced some church elements like unusually decorated minbar
1256442
Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Kadırga)


Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque () is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque in the Kadırga neighborhood of the Fatih district, Istanbul, Turkey. It was commissioned jointly by the grand vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha and his wife İsmihan Sultan. It was designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan and completed in 1571/2. The mosque is noted for the fine quality of the Iznik tiles that decorate the interior walls. The mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for the grand vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha and his wife İsmihan Sultan, a daughter
17536335
Ankara


to 30 thousand people during funeral prayers. The mosque was decorated with Anatolian Seljuk style patterns. It is the largest Ottoman mosque in Ankara and was built by the famous architect Sinan in the 16th century. The mimber (pulpit) and mihrap (prayer niche) are of white marble, and the mosque itself is of Ankara stone, an example of very fine workmanship. This mosque, in the Ulus quarter next to the Temple of Augustus, was built in the early 15th century in Seljuk style by an unknown architect.
218327
Grand Mosque of Colombo


on the same site soon after. In the 1820s, the mosque was redesigned and rebuilt by Malay architect, Muhammad Balangkaya, the son of a Malay noble of the Royal House of Gowa (present-day Sulawesi, Indonesia), who was exiled to Ceylon in 1790 by the Dutch. The mosque was rebuilt as a two-storey structure, one of the first of its kind. In 1826 the British Governor of Ceylon, Edward Barnes, visited the mosque and commended the architect on the excellence of his work.
6134219
Impalement in myth and art


asked the architect if he could even build a greater and more beautiful mosque than the one completed. Incautiously, the architect said sure enough, if I were given the materials. The sultan, upon hearing this, was so fearful that his successors might create an even more beautiful mosque than his own, that just in case, he chose to impale the architect to deprive successors of that genius, commemorating the event by erecting a huge iron spike in the middle of the mosque. Not even bothering to refute this tale of
19854713
Stern


called for "fashioning" the after part of the ship. This frame is designed to support the various beams that make up the stern. In 1817 the British naval architect Sir Robert Seppings first introduced the concept of the round or "circular" stern. The square stern had been an easy target for enemy cannon, and could not support the weight of heavy stern chase guns. But Seppings' design left the rudder head exposed, and was regarded by many as simply ugly—no American warships were designed with such sterns
8660971
Nuruosmaniye Mosque


The Nuruosmaniye Mosque () is an 18th-century Ottoman mosque located in the Çemberlitaş neighbourhood of Fatih district in Istanbul, Turkey. In 2016 it was inscribed in the Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey. It is considered one of the finest examples of mosques in Ottoman Baroque style built on one of the seven hills of Istanbul. Even if a controversy exists over the identity of the architect, it is generally agreed that the architect was Simeon Kalfa. It was commissioned from the order of Sultan Mahmut I beginning in
18530837
Juma Mosque, Shamakhi


on the basis of draft images of Russian artist Grigory Gagarin. The fourth reconstruction was begun after the strongest earthquake in 1902, which was demolished and damaged a lot of buildings of Shamakhi. For complete reconstruction of the mosque were gathered donations by philanthropists and was created a special committee. Primarily, the reconstruction of the mosque was charged to the eminent Azerbaijani architect of that time-Ziverbey Ahmadbeyov, a native of Shamakhi city. One of the conditions of the architect was preservation of external of the mosque, but the committee did
7868537
Juma Mosque, Shamakhi


n’t agree with that, which became the reason of the architect’s discharge from the subsequent works of the mosque’s reconstruction. Continuation of the work in the mosque was offered to the architect Józef Plośko. Variation of the project, presented by Józef Plośko in 1909, provided considerable change of façade and external look of the mosque. The project was based on the foundation of elder plan and results of the uncompleted construction, but there appeared orderly flanking minarets on it and open balconies with light pavilions, symmetric-axial composition of
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